From 9b5db14dbd02fe37f8e5daa32cc46f181533c9d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xinhao Xu <84456268+xxhZs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Sep 2023 02:16:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 001/430] fix(risedev): Reset risedev.yml (#12179)

---
 risedev.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 000971004bf51..0ad428794e37c 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ profile:
     # config-path: src/config/example.toml
     steps:
       # If you want to use the local s3 storage, enable the following line
-      - use: minio
+      # - use: minio
 
       # If you want to use aws-s3, configure AK and SK in env var and enable the following lines:
       # - use: aws-s3
       #   bucket: test-bucket
 
       # If you want to create CDC source table, uncomment the following line
-      - use: connector-node
+      # - use: connector-node
 
       # if you want to enable etcd backend, uncomment the following lines.
       # - use: etcd
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ profile:
       - use: frontend
 
       # If you want to enable compactor, uncomment the following line, and enable either minio or aws-s3 as well.
-      - use: compactor
+      # - use: compactor
 
       # If you want to create source from Kafka, uncomment the following lines
       # Note that kafka depends on zookeeper, so zookeeper must be started beforehand.

From e8f62d6da2c7011f63d9e6154f835a40c6aff538 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 10:22:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 002/430] ci: fix disk out of space for GHA (#12192)

---
 .github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
index ab3cc0302cce9..e6afb6970daec 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
@@ -11,6 +11,14 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      -  name: Maximize build space
+         uses: easimon/maximize-build-space@master
+         with:
+           remove-dotnet: 'true'
+           remove-android: 'true'
+           remove-haskell: 'true'
+           remove-codeql: 'true'
+           remove-docker-images: 'true'
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: |
@@ -18,6 +26,8 @@ jobs:
           rustup update nightly
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential cmake protobuf-compiler curl openssl libssl-dev libsasl2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev pkg-config postgresql-client tmux lld
-      - name: cargo build
+      - name: cargo check
         run: |
-          cargo build
+          export CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0
+          export CARGO_PROFILE_DEV_DEBUG=false
+          cargo check

From 17e81b1d07debb139a9f970b6aece10340094a0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 11:54:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 003/430] feat: auto heap dump by default if
 `MALLOC_CONF=prof:true` (#12186)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  6 ++--
 src/batch/Cargo.toml                          |  2 +-
 src/cmd/Cargo.toml                            |  6 +++-
 src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml                        |  6 +++-
 src/common/src/config.rs                      | 25 ++++++-------
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                        |  2 +-
 .../src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs   |  2 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      | 15 ++++----
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs   | 35 +++++++++++++++----
 src/config/example.toml                       |  1 +
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml               |  4 ++-
 11 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 279c4c1c2d563..d90809e747c76 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8979,7 +8979,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemalloc-ctl"
 version = "0.5.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git?rev=a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8#a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "paste",
@@ -8989,7 +8989,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys"
 version = "0.5.4+5.3.0-patched"
-source = "git+https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git?rev=a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8#a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -8998,7 +8998,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemallocator"
 version = "0.5.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git?rev=a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8#a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
diff --git a/src/batch/Cargo.toml b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
index f3c5032d5619a..5f90151a400ab 100644
--- a/src/batch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ rand = "0.8"
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git", rev = "a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "b7f9f3" }
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "filter"
diff --git a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
index 45b715ebcb206..46a33654d3545 100644
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"], rev = "a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
+    "profiling",
+    "stats",
+    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
+], rev = "b7f9f3" }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "frontend"
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
index 3c3b207637b10..b6907cdebaeff 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
@@ -59,7 +59,11 @@ vergen = { version = "8", default-features = false, features = ["build", "git",
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"], rev = "a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
+    "profiling",
+    "stats",
+    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
+], rev = "b7f9f3" }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "risingwave"
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 6381fc7ac4342..8c32a1a0b80c8 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ pub struct ServerConfig {
     pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 
     /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
-    #[serde(default = "default::server::auto_dump_heap_profile")]
+    #[serde(default)]
     pub auto_dump_heap_profile: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
 }
 
@@ -658,18 +658,19 @@ impl AsyncStackTraceOption {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, DefaultFromSerde)]
 pub struct AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig {
+    /// Enable to auto dump heap profile when memory usage is high
+    #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::enabled")]
+    pub enabled: bool,
+
+    /// The directory to dump heap profile. If empty, the prefix in `MALLOC_CONF` will be used
     #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::dir")]
     pub dir: String,
+
+    /// The proportion (number between 0 and 1) of memory usage to trigger heap profile dump
     #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::threshold")]
     pub threshold: f32,
 }
 
-impl AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig {
-    pub fn enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.dir.is_empty()
-    }
-}
-
 serde_with::with_prefix!(streaming_prefix "stream_");
 serde_with::with_prefix!(batch_prefix "batch_");
 
@@ -907,7 +908,7 @@ pub mod default {
     }
 
     pub mod server {
-        use crate::config::{AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig, MetricLevel};
+        use crate::config::MetricLevel;
 
         pub fn heartbeat_interval_ms() -> u32 {
             1000
@@ -924,10 +925,6 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn telemetry_enabled() -> bool {
             true
         }
-
-        pub fn auto_dump_heap_profile() -> AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig {
-            Default::default()
-        }
     }
 
     pub mod storage {
@@ -1129,6 +1126,10 @@ pub mod default {
     }
 
     pub mod auto_dump_heap_profile {
+        pub fn enabled() -> bool {
+            true
+        }
+
         pub fn dir() -> String {
             "".to_string()
         }
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 8276f93db8ae7..7774a2d917731 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git", rev = "a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8" }
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "b7f9f3" }
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
index 1c43cdb29fdab..9481ef0ebef71 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
                 .unwrap();
         tracing::info!("memory control policy: {:?}", &memory_control_policy);
 
-        if auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled() {
+        if auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled {
             fs::create_dir_all(&auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir).unwrap();
         }
         Arc::new(Self {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 23f5303eabc72..f9553f860ae41 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -74,15 +74,8 @@ pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
     total_memory_bytes: usize,
     auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
 ) -> Result<MemoryControlRef> {
-    use risingwave_common::bail;
-    use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::opt;
-
     use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
 
-    if !opt::prof::read().unwrap() && auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled() {
-        bail!("Auto heap profile dump should not be enabled with Jemalloc profile disable");
-    }
-
     Ok(Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
         total_memory_bytes,
         auto_dump_heap_profile_config,
@@ -122,6 +115,14 @@ impl MemoryControl for DummyPolicy {
 /// overhead, network buffer, etc. based on `SYSTEM_RESERVED_MEMORY_PROPORTION`. The reserve memory
 /// size must be larger than `MIN_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MEMORY_MB`
 pub fn reserve_memory_bytes(total_memory_bytes: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
+    if total_memory_bytes < MIN_COMPUTE_MEMORY_MB << 20 {
+        panic!(
+            "The total memory size ({}) is too small. It must be at least {} MB.",
+            convert(total_memory_bytes as _),
+            MIN_COMPUTE_MEMORY_MB
+        );
+    }
+
     let reserved = std::cmp::max(
         (total_memory_bytes as f64 * SYSTEM_RESERVED_MEMORY_PROPORTION).ceil() as usize,
         MIN_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MEMORY_MB << 20,
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 085d7cfcf98a5..5c3602a46fe68 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
 use risingwave_common::config::AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
-use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{epoch as jemalloc_epoch, prof as jemalloc_prof, stats as jemalloc_stats};
+use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
+    epoch as jemalloc_epoch, opt as jemalloc_opt, prof as jemalloc_prof, stats as jemalloc_stats,
+};
 
 use super::{MemoryControl, MemoryControlStats};
 
@@ -100,22 +102,39 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
     }
 
     fn dump_heap_prof(&self, cur_used_memory_bytes: usize, prev_used_memory_bytes: usize) {
-        if !self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled() {
+        if !self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled {
             return;
         }
+
         if cur_used_memory_bytes > self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
             && prev_used_memory_bytes <= self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
         {
+            let opt_prof = jemalloc_opt::prof::read().unwrap();
+            if !opt_prof {
+                tracing::info!("Cannot dump heap profile because Jemalloc prof is not enabled");
+                return;
+            }
+
             let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
             let file_name = format!(
                 "{}.exceed-threshold-aggressive-heap-prof.compute.dump.{}\0",
                 time_prefix, self.dump_seq,
             );
-            let file_path = Path::new(&self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir)
-                .join(Path::new(&file_name))
-                .to_str()
-                .unwrap()
-                .to_string();
+
+            let file_path = if !self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir.is_empty() {
+                Path::new(&self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir)
+                    .join(Path::new(&file_name))
+                    .to_str()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .to_string()
+            } else {
+                let prof_prefix_mib = jemalloc_prof::prefix::mib().unwrap();
+                let prof_prefix = prof_prefix_mib.read().unwrap();
+                let mut file_path = prof_prefix.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+                file_path.push_str(&file_name);
+                file_path
+            };
+
             let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.into_boxed_str());
             let file_path_bytes = unsafe { file_path_str.as_bytes_mut() };
             let file_path_ptr = file_path_bytes.as_mut_ptr();
@@ -124,6 +143,8 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
                 .write(CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap())
             {
                 tracing::warn!("Auto Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
+            } else {
+                tracing::info!("Successfully dumped heap profile to {}", file_name);
             }
             let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_path_ptr) };
         }
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index 0e6d50e8f3f1e..b088843c66c65 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ metrics_level = "Info"
 telemetry_enabled = true
 
 [server.auto_dump_heap_profile]
+enabled = true
 dir = ""
 threshold = 0.8999999761581421
 
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index e4f0d5c99bc82..bb6f841907f57 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ serde_derive = "1.0.183"
 serde_json = "1.0.105"
 sqllogictest = "0.15.2"
 tempfile = "3"
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/yuhao-su/jemallocator.git", features = ["profiling"], rev = "a0911601bb7bb263ca55c7ea161ef308fdc623f8" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
+    "profiling",
+], rev = "b7f9f3" }
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tracing = "0.1"

From d0a498432e0fca8e073883381430bb0dbe4ddb48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 12:32:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 004/430] chore(deps): regular cargo update after v1.2.0
 (#12190)

Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                      | 454 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 src/bench/Cargo.toml            |   2 +-
 src/connector/Cargo.toml        |   4 +-
 src/ctl/Cargo.toml              |   2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml          |   2 +-
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml |   4 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml   |  12 +-
 7 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 238 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d90809e747c76..03962be7e7072 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version = 3
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
-version = "0.20.0"
+version = "0.21.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f4fa78e18c64fce05e902adecd7a5eed15a5e0a3439f7b0e169f0252214865e3"
+checksum = "8a30b2e23b9e17a9f90641c7ab1549cd9b44f296d3ccbf309d2863cfe398a0cb"
 dependencies = [
  "gimli",
 ]
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a30da5c5f2d5e72842e00bcb57657162cdabef0931f40e2deb9b4140440cecd"
+checksum = "15c4c2c83f81532e5845a733998b6971faca23490340a418e9b72a3ec9de12ea"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-parse"
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_nanos",
  "serde_repr",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-rustls 0.24.1",
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fastrand 1.9.0",
  "http",
  "hyper",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tokio",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
  "regex",
  "sha2 0.10.7",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper-tls",
  "lazy_static",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rustls 0.20.8",
+ "rustls 0.20.9",
  "tokio",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "num-integer",
  "ryu",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1048,9 +1048,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "backtrace"
-version = "0.3.68"
+version = "0.3.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4319208da049c43661739c5fade2ba182f09d1dc2299b32298d3a31692b17e12"
+checksum = "2089b7e3f35b9dd2d0ed921ead4f6d318c27680d4a5bd167b3ee120edb105837"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
  "cc",
@@ -1312,9 +1312,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bstr"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.6.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6798148dccfbff0fae41c7574d2fa8f1ef3492fba0face179de5d8d447d67b05"
+checksum = "4c2f7349907b712260e64b0afe2f84692af14a454be26187d9df565c7f69266a"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -1355,9 +1355,9 @@ checksum = "2c676a478f63e9fa2dd5368a42f28bba0d6c560b775f38583c8bbaa7fcd67c9c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.13.1"
+version = "1.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17febce684fd15d89027105661fec94afb475cb995fbc59d2865198446ba2eea"
+checksum = "374d28ec25809ee0e23827c2ab573d729e293f281dfe393500e7ad618baa61c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
@@ -1367,9 +1367,9 @@ checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89b2fd2a0dcf38d7971e2194b6b6eebab45ae01067456a7fd93d5547a61b70be"
+checksum = "a2bd12c1caf447e69cd4528f47f94d203fd2582878ecb9e9465484c4148a8223"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -1453,9 +1453,9 @@ checksum = "37b2a672a2cb129a2e41c10b1224bb368f9f37a2b16b612598138befd7b37eb5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.82"
+version = "1.0.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "305fe645edc1442a0fa8b6726ba61d422798d37a52e12eaecf4b022ebbb88f01"
+checksum = "f1174fb0b6ec23863f8b971027804a42614e347eafb0a95bf0b12cdae21fc4d0"
 dependencies = [
  "jobserver",
  "libc",
@@ -1495,18 +1495,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d87d9d13be47a5b7c3907137f1290b0459a7f80efb26be8c52afb11963bccb02"
+checksum = "defd4e7873dbddba6c7c91e199c7fcb946abc4a6a4ac3195400bcfb01b5de877"
 dependencies = [
  "android-tzdata",
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
  "num-traits",
  "serde",
- "time 0.1.45",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-targets 0.48.1",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1622,9 +1621,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2da6da31387c7e4ef160ffab6d5e7f00c42626fe39aea70a7b0f1773f7dd6c1b"
+checksum = "cd7cc57abe963c6d3b9d8be5b06ba7c8957a930305ca90304f24ef040aa6f961"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clickhouse"
@@ -1643,7 +1642,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "static_assertions",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tokio",
  "url",
 ]
@@ -1694,7 +1693,7 @@ checksum = "a90d114103adbc625300f346d4d09dfb4ab1c4a8df6868435dd903392ecf4354"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
@@ -1852,9 +1851,9 @@ checksum = "e496a50fda8aacccc86d7529e2c1e0892dbd0f898a6b5645b5561b89c3210efa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpp_demangle"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee34052ee3d93d6d8f3e6f81d85c47921f6653a19a7b70e939e3e602d893a674"
+checksum = "7e8227005286ec39567949b33df9896bcadfa6051bccca2488129f108ca23119"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
@@ -1996,7 +1995,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "cfg-if",
  "crossbeam-utils",
- "memoffset 0.9.0",
+ "memoffset",
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
@@ -2122,9 +2121,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxx"
-version = "1.0.105"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "666a3ec767f4bbaf0dcfcc3b4ea048b90520b254fdf88813e763f4c762636c14"
+checksum = "bbe98ba1789d56fb3db3bee5e032774d4f421b685de7ba703643584ba24effbe"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cxxbridge-flags",
@@ -2134,9 +2133,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxx-build"
-version = "1.0.105"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "162bec16c4cc28b19e26db0197b60ba5480fdb9a4cbf0f4c6c104a937741b78e"
+checksum = "c4ce20f6b8433da4841b1dadfb9468709868022d829d5ca1f2ffbda928455ea3"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "codespan-reporting",
@@ -2149,15 +2148,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxxbridge-flags"
-version = "1.0.105"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d6e8c238aadc4b9f2c00269d04c87abb23f96dd240803872536eed1a304bb40e"
+checksum = "20888d9e1d2298e2ff473cee30efe7d5036e437857ab68bbfea84c74dba91da2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxxbridge-macro"
-version = "1.0.105"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "59d9ffb4193dd22180b8d5747b1e095c3d9c9c665ce39b0483a488948f437e06"
+checksum = "2fa16a70dd58129e4dfffdff535fb1bce66673f7bbeec4a5a1765a504e1ccd84"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2442,9 +2441,9 @@ checksum = "86e3bdc80eee6e16b2b6b0f87fbc98c04bee3455e35174c0de1a125d0688c632"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "dlv-list"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d529fd73d344663edfd598ccb3f344e46034db51ebd103518eae34338248ad73"
+checksum = "8aead04dc46b5f263c25721cf25c9e595951d15055f8063f92392fa0d7f64cf4"
 dependencies = [
  "const-random",
 ]
@@ -2484,7 +2483,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rust_decimal",
  "serde",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2522,9 +2521,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "educe"
-version = "0.4.22"
+version = "0.4.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "079044df30bb07de7d846d41a184c4b00e66ebdac93ee459253474f3a47e50ae"
+checksum = "0f0042ff8246a363dbe77d2ceedb073339e85a804b9a47636c6e016a9a32c05f"
 dependencies = [
  "enum-ordinalize",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -2546,9 +2545,9 @@ checksum = "a357d28ed41a50f9c765dbfe56cbc04a64e53e5fc58ba79fbc34c10ef3df831f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encoding_rs"
-version = "0.8.32"
+version = "0.8.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "071a31f4ee85403370b58aca746f01041ede6f0da2730960ad001edc2b71b394"
+checksum = "7268b386296a025e474d5140678f75d6de9493ae55a5d709eeb9dd08149945e1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
@@ -2619,9 +2618,9 @@ checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "errno"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b30f669a7961ef1631673d2766cc92f52d64f7ef354d4fe0ddfd30ed52f0f4f"
+checksum = "136526188508e25c6fef639d7927dfb3e0e3084488bf202267829cf7fc23dbdd"
 dependencies = [
  "errno-dragonfly",
  "libc",
@@ -2706,9 +2705,9 @@ checksum = "4443176a9f2c162692bd3d352d745ef9413eec5782a80d8fd6f8a1ac692a07f7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "faster-hex"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9042d281a5eec0f2387f8c3ea6c4514e2cf2732c90a85aaf383b761ee3b290d"
+checksum = "239f7bfb930f820ab16a9cd95afc26f88264cf6905c960b340a615384aa3338a"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -2749,6 +2748,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "finl_unicode"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fcfdc7a0362c9f4444381a9e697c79d435fe65b52a37466fc2c1184cee9edc6"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fixedbitset"
 version = "0.4.2"
@@ -2846,7 +2851,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libc",
- "memoffset 0.9.0",
+ "memoffset",
  "nix 0.27.1",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
@@ -2882,7 +2887,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
- "memoffset 0.9.0",
+ "memoffset",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
  "thiserror",
@@ -2908,7 +2913,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libc",
- "memoffset 0.9.0",
+ "memoffset",
  "nix 0.27.1",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
@@ -3217,15 +3222,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
  "libc",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gimli"
-version = "0.27.3"
+version = "0.28.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b6c80984affa11d98d1b88b66ac8853f143217b399d3c74116778ff8fdb4ed2e"
+checksum = "6fb8d784f27acf97159b40fc4db5ecd8aa23b9ad5ef69cdd136d3bc80665f0c0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
@@ -3249,7 +3254,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "urlencoding",
@@ -3340,9 +3345,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.3.20"
+version = "0.3.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97ec8491ebaf99c8eaa73058b045fe58073cd6be7f596ac993ced0b0a0c01049"
+checksum = "91fc23aa11be92976ef4729127f1a74adf36d8436f7816b185d18df956790833"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fnv",
@@ -3579,7 +3584,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "hyper",
  "log",
- "rustls 0.20.8",
+ "rustls 0.20.9",
  "rustls-native-certs",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls 0.23.4",
@@ -3594,7 +3599,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "http",
  "hyper",
- "rustls 0.21.6",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls 0.24.1",
 ]
@@ -3682,7 +3687,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "once_cell",
  "opendal",
- "ordered-float 3.7.0",
+ "ordered-float 3.9.1",
  "parquet",
  "regex",
  "rust_decimal",
@@ -3754,12 +3759,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "inferno"
-version = "0.11.15"
+version = "0.11.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fb7c1b80a1dfa604bb4a649a5c5aeef3d913f7c520cb42b40e534e8a61bcdfc"
+checksum = "73c0fefcb6d409a6587c07515951495d482006f89a21daa0f2f783aa4fd5e027"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "is-terminal",
  "itoa",
  "log",
@@ -3825,7 +3830,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cb0889898416213fab133e1d33a0e5858a48177452750691bde3666d0fdbaf8b"
 dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi 0.3.2",
- "rustix 0.38.8",
+ "rustix 0.38.11",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
@@ -3922,7 +3927,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6971da4d9c3aa03c3d8f3ff0f4155b534aad021292003895a469716b2a230378"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.3",
- "pem",
+ "pem 1.1.1",
  "ring",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4171,15 +4176,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lru"
-version = "0.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b6e8aaa3f231bb4bd57b84b2d5dc3ae7f350265df8aa96492e0bc394a1571909"
-dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.12.3",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lru"
 version = "0.10.1"
@@ -4255,7 +4251,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin 0.9.8",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
- "toml 0.7.6",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
@@ -4291,7 +4287,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin 0.9.8",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
- "toml 0.7.6",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "tonic",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -4445,15 +4441,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.7.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5de893c32cde5f383baa4c04c5d6dbdd735cfd4a794b0debdb2bb1b421da5ff4"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -4502,7 +4489,7 @@ checksum = "927a765cd3fc26206e66b296465fa9d3e5ab003e651c1b3c060e7956d96b19d2"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
@@ -4573,11 +4560,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "mysql-common-derive"
+version = "0.30.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56b0d8a0db9bf6d2213e11f2c701cb91387b0614361625ab7b9743b41aa4938f"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling 0.20.3",
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "proc-macro-crate 1.3.1",
+ "proc-macro-error",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.31",
+ "termcolor",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mysql_async"
-version = "0.31.3"
+version = "0.32.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2975442c70450b8f3a0400216321f6ab7b8bda177579f533d312ac511f913655"
+checksum = "f5272f59b5b1f93d65f7f826c1f025d6e410e89fb50a67e05aa20b35a55a8c0a"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "crossbeam",
@@ -4586,18 +4591,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-util",
  "lazy_static",
- "lru 0.8.1",
+ "lru 0.10.1",
  "mio",
  "mysql_common",
  "native-tls",
  "once_cell",
- "pem",
+ "pem 2.0.1",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
  "priority-queue",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.5.3",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-native-tls",
@@ -4608,14 +4613,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mysql_common"
-version = "0.29.2"
+version = "0.30.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9006c95034ccf7b903d955f210469119f6c3477fc9c9e7a7845ce38a3e665c2a"
+checksum = "57349d5a326b437989b6ee4dc8f2f34b0cc131202748414712a8e7d98952fc8c"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
  "bigdecimal",
  "bindgen",
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "bitvec",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -4627,6 +4632,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk",
  "lazy_static",
  "lexical",
+ "mysql-common-derive",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "rand",
@@ -4640,7 +4646,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
  "subprocess",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "uuid",
 ]
 
@@ -4690,16 +4696,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.26.2"
+version = "0.26.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfdda3d196821d6af13126e40375cdf7da646a96114af134d5f417a9a1dc8e1a"
+checksum = "598beaf3cc6fdd9a5dfb1630c2800c7acd31df7aaf0f565796fba2b53ca1af1b"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "memoffset 0.7.1",
- "pin-utils",
- "static_assertions",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4938,9 +4941,9 @@ checksum = "830b246a0e5f20af87141b25c173cd1b609bd7779a4617d6ec582abaf90870f3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oauth2"
-version = "4.4.1"
+version = "4.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09a6e2a2b13a56ebeabba9142f911745be6456163fd6c3d361274ebcd891a80c"
+checksum = "c38841cdd844847e3e7c8d29cef9dcfed8877f8f56f9071f77843ecf3baf937f"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.13.1",
  "chrono",
@@ -4958,9 +4961,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
-version = "0.31.1"
+version = "0.32.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8bda667d9f2b5051b8833f59f3bf748b28ef54f850f4fcb389a252aa383866d1"
+checksum = "9cf5f9dd3933bd50a9e1f149ec995f39ae2c496d31fd772c1fd45ebc27e902b0"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -5176,7 +5179,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "once_cell",
  "opentelemetry_api",
- "ordered-float 3.7.0",
+ "ordered-float 3.9.1",
  "percent-encoding",
  "rand",
  "regex",
@@ -5197,9 +5200,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ordered-float"
-version = "3.7.0"
+version = "3.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fc2dbde8f8a79f2102cc474ceb0ad68e3b80b85289ea62389b60e66777e4213"
+checksum = "2a54938017eacd63036332b4ae5c8a49fc8c0c1d6d629893057e4f13609edd06"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
@@ -5302,7 +5305,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
  "smallvec",
  "thread-id",
- "windows-targets 0.48.1",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5381,18 +5384,18 @@ checksum = "de3145af08024dea9fa9914f381a17b8fc6034dfb00f3a84013f7ff43f29ed4c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "path-absolutize"
-version = "3.1.0"
+version = "3.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "43eb3595c63a214e1b37b44f44b0a84900ef7ae0b4c5efce59e123d246d7a0de"
+checksum = "e4af381fe79fa195b4909485d99f73a80792331df0625188e707854f0b3383f5"
 dependencies = [
  "path-dedot",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "path-dedot"
-version = "3.1.0"
+version = "3.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d55e486337acb9973cdea3ec5638c1b3bcb22e573b2b7b41969e0c744d5a15e"
+checksum = "07ba0ad7e047712414213ff67533e6dd477af0a4e1d14fb52343e53d30ea9397"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
 ]
@@ -5434,6 +5437,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "base64 0.13.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pem"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b13fe415cdf3c8e44518e18a7c95a13431d9bdf6d15367d82b23c377fdd441a"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pem-rfc7468"
 version = "0.2.3"
@@ -5656,9 +5669,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
-version = "1.4.2"
+version = "1.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f32154ba0af3a075eefa1eda8bb414ee928f62303a54ea85b8d6638ff1a6ee9e"
+checksum = "31114a898e107c51bb1609ffaf55a0e011cf6a4d7f1170d0015a165082c0338b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres"
@@ -5688,9 +5701,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-protocol"
-version = "0.6.5"
+version = "0.6.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78b7fa9f396f51dffd61546fd8573ee20592287996568e6175ceb0f8699ad75d"
+checksum = "49b6c5ef183cd3ab4ba005f1ca64c21e8bd97ce4699cfea9e8d9a2c4958ca520"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "byteorder",
@@ -5731,7 +5744,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "inferno",
  "libc",
  "log",
- "nix 0.26.2",
+ "nix 0.26.4",
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "smallvec",
@@ -5932,7 +5945,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reqwest",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "url",
 ]
 
@@ -6091,7 +6104,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "nom",
  "oauth2",
  "openidconnect",
- "pem",
+ "pem 1.1.1",
  "prost",
  "prost-build",
  "prost-derive",
@@ -6123,7 +6136,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "mach2",
  "once_cell",
  "raw-cpuid",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
  "web-sys",
  "winapi",
 ]
@@ -6294,9 +6307,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.9.4"
+version = "1.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "12de2eff854e5fa4b1295edd650e227e9d8fb0c9e90b12e7f36d6a6811791a29"
+checksum = "697061221ea1b4a94a624f67d0ae2bfe4e22b8a17b6a192afb11046542cc8c47"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -6401,7 +6414,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rustls 0.21.6",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "rustls-native-certs",
  "rustls-pemfile",
  "serde",
@@ -6580,7 +6593,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libc",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "nix 0.26.2",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
  "opentelemetry",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "prometheus",
@@ -6590,7 +6603,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_storage",
  "serde",
  "tokio-stream",
- "toml 0.7.6",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
  "workspace-hack",
@@ -6726,7 +6739,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
  "tinyvec",
- "toml 0.7.6",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -7405,7 +7418,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_variables",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-opentelemetry",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -7549,7 +7562,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
  "tokio-postgres",
  "tokio-stream",
- "toml 0.7.6",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "tracing",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
@@ -7585,7 +7598,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "memcomparable",
  "moka",
  "more-asserts",
- "nix 0.26.2",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
  "num-integer",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "procfs 0.15.1",
@@ -7846,9 +7859,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.8"
+version = "0.38.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "19ed4fa021d81c8392ce04db050a3da9a60299050b7ae1cf482d862b54a7218f"
+checksum = "c0c3dde1fc030af041adc40e79c0e7fbcf431dd24870053d187d7c66e4b87453"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "errno",
@@ -7859,9 +7872,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.20.8"
+version = "0.20.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fff78fc74d175294f4e83b28343315ffcfb114b156f0185e9741cb5570f50e2f"
+checksum = "1b80e3dec595989ea8510028f30c408a4630db12c9cbb8de34203b89d6577e99"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "ring",
@@ -7871,9 +7884,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.21.6"
+version = "0.21.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d1feddffcfcc0b33f5c6ce9a29e341e4cd59c3f78e7ee45f4a40c038b1d6cbb"
+checksum = "cd8d6c9f025a446bc4d18ad9632e69aec8f287aa84499ee335599fabd20c3fd8"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "ring",
@@ -8176,9 +8189,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_plain"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d6018081315db179d0ce57b1fe4b62a12a0028c9cf9bbef868c9cf477b3c34ae"
+checksum = "9ce1fc6db65a611022b23a0dec6975d63fb80a302cb3388835ff02c097258d50"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -8238,7 +8251,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with_macros 2.3.3",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8255,7 +8268,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with_macros 3.3.0",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8400,9 +8413,9 @@ checksum = "24188a676b6ae68c3b2cb3a01be17fbf7240ce009799bb56d5b1409051e78fde"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "43b2853a4d09f215c24cc5489c992ce46052d359b5109343cbafbf26bc62f8a3"
+checksum = "a7cee0529a6d40f580e7a5e6c495c8fbfe21b7b52795ed4bb5e62cdf92bc6380"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook"
@@ -8497,14 +8510,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
-version = "0.3.10"
+version = "0.3.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7bd3e3206899af3f8b12af284fafc038cc1dc2b41d1b89dd17297221c5d225de"
+checksum = "38b58827f4464d87d377d175e90bf58eb00fd8716ff0a62f80356b5e61555d0d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "size"
@@ -8529,9 +8542,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
-version = "0.4.8"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6528351c9bc8ab22353f9d776db39a20288e8d6c37ef8cfe3317cf875eecfc2d"
+checksum = "8f92a496fb766b417c996b9c5e57daf2f7ad3b0bebe1ccfca4856390e3d3bb67"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
@@ -8642,9 +8655,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqllogictest"
-version = "0.15.2"
+version = "0.15.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2883a176844bd22f2ded429ec6a1e16f3522f770475bf47e3494dcf22a50abd6"
+checksum = "ee18b0100bc1e1a6d1f9aa242b263c34d3f475f3a2de49da2affa6c00223a2ec"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "educe",
@@ -8683,10 +8696,11 @@ checksum = "9091b6114800a5f2141aee1d1b9d6ca3592ac062dc5decb3764ec5895a47b4eb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "stringprep"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db3737bde7edce97102e0e2b15365bf7a20bfdb5f60f4f9e8d7004258a51a8da"
+checksum = "bb41d74e231a107a1b4ee36bd1214b11285b77768d2e3824aedafa988fd36ee6"
 dependencies = [
+ "finl_unicode",
  "unicode-bidi",
  "unicode-normalization",
 ]
@@ -8785,9 +8799,9 @@ checksum = "81cdd64d312baedb58e21336b31bc043b77e01cc99033ce76ef539f78e965ebc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "symbolic-common"
-version = "12.3.0"
+version = "12.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "167a4ffd7c35c143fd1030aa3c2caf76ba42220bd5a6b5f4781896434723b8c3"
+checksum = "9e0e9bc48b3852f36a84f8d0da275d50cb3c2b88b59b9ec35fdd8b7fa239e37d"
 dependencies = [
  "debugid",
  "memmap2",
@@ -8797,9 +8811,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "symbolic-demangle"
-version = "12.3.0"
+version = "12.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e378c50e80686c1c5c205674e1f86a2858bec3d2a7dfdd690331a8a19330f293"
+checksum = "691e53bdc0702aba3a5abc2cffff89346fcbd4050748883c7e2f714b33a69045"
 dependencies = [
  "cpp_demangle",
  "rustc-demangle",
@@ -8887,7 +8901,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "fastrand 2.0.0",
  "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
- "rustix 0.38.8",
+ "rustix 0.38.11",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
@@ -8937,9 +8951,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thread-id"
-version = "4.1.0"
+version = "4.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3ee93aa2b8331c0fec9091548843f2c90019571814057da3b783f9de09349d73"
+checksum = "79474f573561cdc4871a0de34a51c92f7f5a56039113fbb5b9c9f96bdb756669"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "redox_syscall 0.2.16",
@@ -9004,17 +9018,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "time"
-version = "0.1.45"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b797afad3f312d1c66a56d11d0316f916356d11bd158fbc6ca6389ff6bf805a"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "wasi 0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
 version = "0.3.28"
@@ -9081,9 +9084,9 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.31.0"
+version = "1.32.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40de3a2ba249dcb097e01be5e67a5ff53cf250397715a071a81543e8a832a920"
+checksum = "17ed6077ed6cd6c74735e21f37eb16dc3935f96878b1fe961074089cc80893f9"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "bytes",
@@ -9193,7 +9196,7 @@ version = "0.23.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c43ee83903113e03984cb9e5cebe6c04a5116269e900e3ddba8f068a62adda59"
 dependencies = [
- "rustls 0.20.8",
+ "rustls 0.20.9",
  "tokio",
  "webpki",
 ]
@@ -9204,7 +9207,7 @@ version = "0.24.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c28327cf380ac148141087fbfb9de9d7bd4e84ab5d2c28fbc911d753de8a7081"
 dependencies = [
- "rustls 0.21.6",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
@@ -9243,9 +9246,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c17e963a819c331dcacd7ab957d80bc2b9a9c1e71c804826d2f283dd65306542"
+checksum = "dd79e69d3b627db300ff956027cc6c3798cef26d22526befdfcd12feeb6d2257"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
@@ -9264,9 +9267,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.19.14"
+version = "0.19.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8123f27e969974a3dfba720fdb560be359f57b44302d280ba72e76a74480e8a"
+checksum = "1b5bb770da30e5cbfde35a2d7b9b8a2c4b8ef89548a7a6aeab5c9a576e3e7421"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "serde",
@@ -9477,7 +9480,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-log",
@@ -9564,9 +9567,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicase"
-version = "2.6.0"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50f37be617794602aabbeee0be4f259dc1778fabe05e2d67ee8f79326d5cb4f6"
+checksum = "f7d2d4dafb69621809a81864c9c1b864479e1235c0dd4e199924b9742439ed89"
 dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
@@ -9689,7 +9692,7 @@ checksum = "bbc5ad0d9d26b2c49a5ab7da76c3e79d3ee37e7821799f8223fcb8f2f391a2e7"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "rustversion",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9744,12 +9747,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "try-lock",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasi"
-version = "0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a143597ca7c7793eff794def352d41792a93c481eb1042423ff7ff72ba2c31f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
@@ -9847,9 +9844,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki"
-version = "0.22.0"
+version = "0.22.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f095d78192e208183081cc07bc5515ef55216397af48b873e5edcd72637fa1bd"
+checksum = "f0e74f82d49d545ad128049b7e88f6576df2da6b02e9ce565c6f533be576957e"
 dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "untrusted",
@@ -9872,13 +9869,14 @@ checksum = "14247bb57be4f377dfb94c72830b8ce8fc6beac03cf4bf7b9732eadd414123fc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "which"
-version = "4.4.0"
+version = "4.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2441c784c52b289a054b7201fc93253e288f094e2f4be9058343127c4226a269"
+checksum = "87ba24419a2078cd2b0f2ede2691b6c66d8e47836da3b6db8265ebad47afbfc7"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
- "libc",
+ "home",
  "once_cell",
+ "rustix 0.38.11",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9918,7 +9916,7 @@ version = "0.48.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e686886bc078bc1b0b600cac0147aadb815089b6e4da64016cbd754b6342700f"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets 0.48.1",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9936,7 +9934,7 @@ version = "0.48.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets 0.48.1",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9956,17 +9954,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.48.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05d4b17490f70499f20b9e791dcf6a299785ce8af4d709018206dc5b4953e95f"
+checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.0",
- "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.0",
- "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.0",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.0",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.0",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9977,9 +9975,9 @@ checksum = "597a5118570b68bc08d8d59125332c54f1ba9d9adeedeef5b99b02ba2b0698f8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91ae572e1b79dba883e0d315474df7305d12f569b400fcf90581b06062f7e1bc"
+checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
@@ -9989,9 +9987,9 @@ checksum = "e08e8864a60f06ef0d0ff4ba04124db8b0fb3be5776a5cd47641e942e58c4d43"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2ef27e0d7bdfcfc7b868b317c1d32c641a6fe4629c171b8928c7b08d98d7cf3"
+checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
@@ -10001,9 +9999,9 @@ checksum = "c61d927d8da41da96a81f029489353e68739737d3beca43145c8afec9a31a84f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "622a1962a7db830d6fd0a69683c80a18fda201879f0f447f065a3b7467daa241"
+checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
@@ -10013,9 +10011,9 @@ checksum = "44d840b6ec649f480a41c8d80f9c65108b92d89345dd94027bfe06ac444d1060"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4542c6e364ce21bf45d69fdd2a8e455fa38d316158cfd43b3ac1c5b1b19f8e00"
+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
@@ -10025,9 +10023,9 @@ checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca2b8a661f7628cbd23440e50b05d705db3686f894fc9580820623656af974b1"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
@@ -10037,9 +10035,9 @@ checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7896dbc1f41e08872e9d5e8f8baa8fdd2677f29468c4e156210174edc7f7b953"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
@@ -10049,15 +10047,15 @@ checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a515f5799fe4961cb532f983ce2b23082366b898e52ffbce459c86f67c8378a"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.5.10"
+version = "0.5.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5504cc7644f4b593cbc05c4a55bf9bd4e94b867c3c0bd440934174d50482427d"
+checksum = "7c2e3184b9c4e92ad5167ca73039d0c42476302ab603e2fec4487511f38ccefc"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -10093,6 +10091,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "cc",
@@ -10131,8 +10131,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "memchr",
- "miniz_oxide",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
@@ -10167,13 +10165,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.31",
- "time 0.3.28",
+ "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-postgres",
  "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-util",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_edit",
  "tonic",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
@@ -10243,9 +10243,9 @@ checksum = "09041cd90cf85f7f8b2df60c646f853b7f535ce68f85244eb6731cf89fa498ec"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f3b9c234616391070b0b173963ebc65a9195068e7ed3731c6edac2ec45ebe106"
+checksum = "20707b61725734c595e840fb3704378a0cd2b9c74cc9e6e20724838fc6a1e2f9"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "zerocopy-derive",
@@ -10253,9 +10253,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f7f3a471f98d0a61c34322fbbfd10c384b07687f680d4119813713f72308d91"
+checksum = "56097d5b91d711293a42be9289403896b68654625021732067eac7a4ca388a1f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
diff --git a/src/bench/Cargo.toml b/src/bench/Cargo.toml
index 80d8e484dfa8f..d3c74e385a4fe 100644
--- a/src/bench/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/bench/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ tracing-subscriber = "0.3.17"
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-nix = { version = "0.26", features = ["fs", "mman"] }
+nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["fs", "mman"] }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "s3-bench"
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 34b416fe4d8e6..33e32c5685113 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ itertools = "0.11"
 jsonschema-transpiler = "1.10.0"
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
-mysql_async = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["default"] }
-mysql_common = { version = "0.29.2", default-features = false, features = ["chrono"] }
+mysql_async = { version = "0.32", default-features = false, features = ["default"] }
+mysql_common = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["chrono"] }
 nexmark = { version = "0.2", features = ["serde"] }
 num-bigint = "0.4"
 opendal = "0.39"
diff --git a/src/ctl/Cargo.toml b/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
index 802262ff02fb3..50a6843b14013 100644
--- a/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ etcd-client = { workspace = true }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 inquire = "0.6.2"
 itertools = "0.11"
-regex = "1.9.4"
+regex = "1.9.5"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 166b76cec1b5e..1c7a2bb952430 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ zstd = { version = "0.12", default-features = false }
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
 procfs = { version = "0.15", default-features = false }
 libc = "0.2"
-nix = { version = "0.26", features = ["fs", "mman"] }
+nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["fs", "mman"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 darwin-libproc = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/darwin-libproc.git", rev = "a502be24bd0971463f5bcbfe035a248d8ba503b7" }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index bb6f841907f57..cc91402372044 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlsmith = { workspace = true }
 serde = "1.0.188"
-serde_derive = "1.0.183"
+serde_derive = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.105"
-sqllogictest = "0.15.2"
+sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
 tempfile = "3"
 tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
     "profiling",
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 99d5f1674f23a..3d9d4278a024f 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["hardcoded-credentials"] }
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
+base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
+bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
@@ -60,8 +62,6 @@ lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "bb8f063", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "4538cd6", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
+toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
+toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
 tonic = { version = "0.9", features = ["gzip", "tls-webpki-roots"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["balance", "buffer", "filter", "limit", "load-shed", "retry", "timeout", "util"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
@@ -117,6 +119,8 @@ auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
 aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["hardcoded-credentials"] }
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
+base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
+bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
@@ -155,8 +159,6 @@ lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "bb8f063", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
@@ -198,6 +200,8 @@ tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "4538cd6", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
+toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
+toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
 tonic = { version = "0.9", features = ["gzip", "tls-webpki-roots"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["balance", "buffer", "filter", "limit", "load-shed", "retry", "timeout", "util"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }

From b80e13f74fb7ac4fc768dafc44debc51a0b882f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 15:17:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 005/430] fix: ban pk comprising generated column (#12181)

---
 e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part |  8 +++++++
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |  8 ++++++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs      | 22 ++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part b/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
index 8ade4be8548c6..08f07eb88f670 100644
--- a/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
@@ -149,3 +149,11 @@ CREATE TABLE t (v INT, t timestamptz as now()) WITH (
   datagen.rows.per.second='15',
   datagen.split.num = '1'
 ) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
+
+# create a table with impure generated column as pk.
+statement error QueryError: Bind error: Generated columns should not be part of the primary key. Here column "v2" is defined as part of the primary key.
+CREATE TABLE t (
+  v1 INT,
+  v2 timestamptz AS proctime(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (v1, v2)
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index 7b38e6289e164..78e85fca77e0c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -1107,7 +1107,13 @@ pub async fn handle_create_source(
     // TODO(yuhao): allow multiple watermark on source.
     assert!(watermark_descs.len() <= 1);
 
-    bind_sql_column_constraints(&session, name.clone(), &mut columns, stmt.columns)?;
+    bind_sql_column_constraints(
+        &session,
+        name.clone(),
+        &mut columns,
+        stmt.columns,
+        &pk_column_ids,
+    )?;
 
     check_source_schema(&with_properties, row_id_index, &columns)?;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
index d8419ac98da38..476e15885c65d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
@@ -197,9 +197,11 @@ pub fn bind_sql_columns(column_defs: &[ColumnDef]) -> Result<Vec<ColumnCatalog>>
 
 fn check_generated_column_constraints(
     column_name: &String,
+    column_id: ColumnId,
     expr: &ExprImpl,
     column_catalogs: &[ColumnCatalog],
     generated_column_names: &[String],
+    pk_column_ids: &[ColumnId],
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let input_refs = expr.collect_input_refs(column_catalogs.len());
     for idx in input_refs.ones() {
@@ -214,6 +216,14 @@ fn check_generated_column_constraints(
             .into());
         }
     }
+
+    if pk_column_ids.contains(&column_id) && expr.is_impure() {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
+            format!("Generated columns should not be part of the primary key. Here column \"{}\" is defined as part of the primary key.", column_name),
+        )
+        .into());
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -243,6 +253,7 @@ pub fn bind_sql_column_constraints(
     table_name: String,
     column_catalogs: &mut [ColumnCatalog],
     columns: Vec<ColumnDef>,
+    pk_column_ids: &[ColumnId],
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let generated_column_names = {
         let mut names = vec![];
@@ -271,9 +282,11 @@ pub fn bind_sql_column_constraints(
 
                     check_generated_column_constraints(
                         &column.name.real_value(),
+                        column_catalogs[idx].column_id(),
                         &expr_impl,
                         column_catalogs,
                         &generated_column_names,
+                        pk_column_ids,
                     )?;
 
                     column_catalogs[idx].column_desc.generated_or_default_column = Some(
@@ -460,7 +473,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn gen_create_table_plan_with_source(
 
     let definition = context.normalized_sql().to_owned();
 
-    bind_sql_column_constraints(session, table_name.real_value(), &mut columns, column_defs)?;
+    bind_sql_column_constraints(
+        session,
+        table_name.real_value(),
+        &mut columns,
+        column_defs,
+        &pk_column_ids,
+    )?;
 
     check_source_schema(&properties, row_id_index, &columns)?;
 
@@ -592,6 +611,7 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_create_table_plan_without_bind(
         table_name.real_value(),
         &mut columns,
         column_defs,
+        &pk_column_ids,
     )?;
 
     gen_table_plan_inner(

From 69dadac558c49fe64ee32116fbbcfd259632eb46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 18:20:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 006/430] chore(test): disable prometheus in some tests
 (#12208)

---
 src/config/ci-compaction-test-meta.toml | 3 +++
 src/config/ci-compaction-test.toml      | 3 +++
 src/config/ci-meta-backup-test.toml     | 5 ++++-
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/config/ci-compaction-test-meta.toml b/src/config/ci-compaction-test-meta.toml
index 1fe668bdd9c9a..af4b9d2dde758 100644
--- a/src/config/ci-compaction-test-meta.toml
+++ b/src/config/ci-compaction-test-meta.toml
@@ -28,3 +28,6 @@ data_directory = "hummock_001"
 checkpoint_frequency = 99999999
 barrier_interval_ms = 250
 max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs = 0
+
+[server]
+metrics_level = "Disabled"
diff --git a/src/config/ci-compaction-test.toml b/src/config/ci-compaction-test.toml
index e8258efc08178..f7e23bbd0d62b 100644
--- a/src/config/ci-compaction-test.toml
+++ b/src/config/ci-compaction-test.toml
@@ -26,3 +26,6 @@ data_directory = "hummock_001"
 checkpoint_frequency = 10
 barrier_interval_ms = 250
 max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs = 0
+
+[server]
+metrics_level = "Disabled"
diff --git a/src/config/ci-meta-backup-test.toml b/src/config/ci-meta-backup-test.toml
index 9aa5e2ec5a9a3..9559390360e33 100644
--- a/src/config/ci-meta-backup-test.toml
+++ b/src/config/ci-meta-backup-test.toml
@@ -5,4 +5,7 @@ vacuum_interval_sec = 10
 
 [system]
 backup_storage_url = "minio://hummockadmin:hummockadmin@127.0.0.1:9301/hummock001"
-backup_storage_directory = "backup"
\ No newline at end of file
+backup_storage_directory = "backup"
+
+[server]
+metrics_level = "Disabled"

From f42ae9833aae41b4aa76fcab86320ea475b0057f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Axel <kevinaxel@163.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 19:15:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 007/430] fix(udf): check udf schema fields num and total
 records (#12206)

Signed-off-by: Kevin Axel <kevinaxel@163.com>
---
 src/udf/src/error.rs    | 3 +++
 src/udf/src/external.rs | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/udf/src/error.rs b/src/udf/src/error.rs
index d787808a32810..f20816ee5b2c0 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/error.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ pub enum Error {
 
     #[error("UDF service returned no data")]
     NoReturned,
+
+    #[error("Flight service error: {0}")]
+    ServiceError(String),
 }
 
 static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<Error>(), 32);
diff --git a/src/udf/src/external.rs b/src/udf/src/external.rs
index 1a666f4d4e378..585adc7ebec5b 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/external.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/external.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
         let input_num = info.total_records as usize;
         let full_schema = Schema::try_from(info)
             .map_err(|e| FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding schema: {e}")))?;
+        if input_num > full_schema.fields.len() {
+            return Err(Error::ServiceError(format!(
+                "function {:?} schema info not consistency: input_num: {}, total_fields: {}",
+                id,
+                input_num,
+                full_schema.fields.len()
+            )));
+        }
+
         let (input_fields, return_fields) = full_schema.fields.split_at(input_num);
         let actual_input_types: Vec<_> = input_fields.iter().map(|f| f.data_type()).collect();
         let actual_result_types: Vec<_> = return_fields.iter().map(|f| f.data_type()).collect();

From c9185f567fa7a4195650d5469b63639f18f13bc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 19:35:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 008/430] feat(common): impl `Row` for `Either` (#12211)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/common/src/row/mod.rs | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/row/mod.rs b/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
index 691893587dd24..60419537ec315 100644
--- a/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
@@ -337,8 +337,8 @@ impl<R: Row> Row for Option<R> {
 
     fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> {
         match self {
-            Some(row) => itertools::Either::Left(row.iter()),
-            None => itertools::Either::Right(EMPTY.iter()),
+            Some(row) => either::Either::Left(row.iter()),
+            None => either::Either::Right(EMPTY.iter()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -369,6 +369,65 @@ impl<R: Row> Row for Option<R> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements [`Row`] for an [`either::Either`] of two different types of rows.
+impl<R1: Row, R2: Row> Row for either::Either<R1, R2> {
+    fn datum_at(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.datum_at(index))
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn datum_at_unchecked(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.datum_at_unchecked(index))
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.len())
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.is_empty())
+    }
+
+    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> {
+        self.as_ref().map_either(Row::iter, Row::iter)
+    }
+
+    fn to_owned_row(&self) -> OwnedRow {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.to_owned_row())
+    }
+
+    fn into_owned_row(self) -> OwnedRow {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.into_owned_row())
+    }
+
+    fn value_serialize_into(&self, buf: impl BufMut) {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.value_serialize_into(buf))
+    }
+
+    fn value_serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.value_serialize())
+    }
+
+    fn value_serialize_bytes(&self) -> Bytes {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.value_serialize_bytes())
+    }
+
+    fn memcmp_serialize_into(&self, serde: &OrderedRowSerde, buf: impl BufMut) {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.memcmp_serialize_into(serde, buf))
+    }
+
+    fn memcmp_serialize(&self, serde: &OrderedRowSerde) -> Vec<u8> {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.memcmp_serialize(serde))
+    }
+
+    fn hash<H: BuildHasher>(&self, hash_builder: H) -> HashCode<H> {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.hash(hash_builder))
+    }
+
+    fn eq(this: &Self, other: impl Row) -> bool {
+        either::for_both!(this, row => Row::eq(row, other))
+    }
+}
+
 mod chain;
 mod compacted_row;
 mod empty;

From 3c0284ee4c3575f2b00f7d0ae0d9fa648e844858 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 18:55:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 009/430] chore(deps): Bump syn from 2.0.31 to 2.0.32 (#12217)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 03962be7e7072..bda0a874c8c1d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "serde_json",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ checksum = "5fd55a5ba1179988837d24ab4c7cc8ed6efdeff578ede0416b4225a5fca35bd0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ checksum = "bc00ceb34980c03614e35a3a4e218276a0a824e911d07651cd0d858a51e8c0f0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "derive_utils",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ checksum = "cf85d5384815558275789d91d1895d1d9919a6e2534d6144650f036ac65691a6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1910,7 +1910,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f34ba9a9bcb8645379e9de8cb3ecfcf4d1c85ba66d90deb3259206fa5aa193b"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "scratch",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2160,7 +2160,7 @@ checksum = "2fa16a70dd58129e4dfffdff535fb1bce66673f7bbeec4a5a1765a504e1ccd84"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim 0.10.0",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core 0.20.3",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@ checksum = "9abcad25e9720609ccb3dcdb795d845e37d8ce34183330a9f48b03a1a71c8e21"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2561,7 +2561,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2581,7 +2581,7 @@ checksum = "eecf8589574ce9b895052fa12d69af7a233f99e6107f5cb8dd1044f2a17bfdcb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2950,7 +2950,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "tokio",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
@@ -2986,7 +2986,7 @@ checksum = "b0fa992f1656e1707946bbba340ad244f0814009ef8c0118eb7b658395f19a2e"
 dependencies = [
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2998,7 +2998,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3010,7 +3010,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3143,7 +3143,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4573,7 +4573,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "termcolor",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -5069,7 +5069,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5364,7 +5364,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "structmeta",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5569,7 +5569,7 @@ checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5696,7 +5696,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6000,7 +6000,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
@@ -7053,7 +7053,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8143,7 +8143,7 @@ checksum = "4eca7ac642d82aa35b60049a6eccb4be6be75e599bd2e9adb5f875a737654af2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8204,7 +8204,7 @@ checksum = "8725e1dfadb3a50f7e5ce0b1a540466f6ed3fe7a0fca2ac2b8b831d31316bd00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8292,7 +8292,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8304,7 +8304,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8342,7 +8342,7 @@ checksum = "91d129178576168c589c9ec973feedf7d3126c01ac2bf08795109aa35b69fb8f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8726,7 +8726,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "structmeta-derive",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8737,7 +8737,7 @@ checksum = "a60bcaff7397072dca0017d1db428e30d5002e00b6847703e2e42005c95fbe00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8778,7 +8778,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8833,9 +8833,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.31"
+version = "2.0.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "718fa2415bcb8d8bd775917a1bf12a7931b6dfa890753378538118181e0cb398"
+checksum = "239814284fd6f1a4ffe4ca893952cdd93c224b6a1571c9a9eadd670295c0c9e2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -8946,7 +8946,7 @@ checksum = "49922ecae66cc8a249b77e68d1d0623c1b2c514f0060c27cdc68bd62a1219d35"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9120,7 +9120,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9402,7 +9402,7 @@ checksum = "5f4f31f56159e98206da9efd823404b79b6ef3143b4a7ab76e67b1751b25a4ab"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9774,7 +9774,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -9808,7 +9808,7 @@ checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -10164,7 +10164,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10259,7 +10259,7 @@ checksum = "56097d5b91d711293a42be9289403896b68654625021732067eac7a4ca388a1f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10279,7 +10279,7 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.31",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From edb9aec1ec8cdafe7280d0539b1c0e568453553b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 09:34:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 010/430] chore(deps): Bump serde_json from 1.0.105 to 1.0.106
 (#12214)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                      | 4 ++--
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index bda0a874c8c1d..11e8c9b64caa5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8159,9 +8159,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.105"
+version = "1.0.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "693151e1ac27563d6dbcec9dee9fbd5da8539b20fa14ad3752b2e6d363ace360"
+checksum = "2cc66a619ed80bf7a0f6b17dd063a84b88f6dea1813737cf469aef1d081142c2"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index cc91402372044..594f06b3b61c3 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlsmith = { workspace = true }
 serde = "1.0.188"
 serde_derive = "1.0.188"
-serde_json = "1.0.105"
+serde_json = "1.0.106"
 sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
 tempfile = "3"
 tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [

From 862ed5eaa914e3669a8ce2f0b54cdfe5db0bcccd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 11:33:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 011/430] build: downgrade to openssl@1 temporarily (#12219)

---
 Cargo.lock                            | 8 ++++----
 src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 11e8c9b64caa5..4ea1e16806f06 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -5080,18 +5080,18 @@ checksum = "ff011a302c396a5197692431fc1948019154afc178baf7d8e37367442a4601cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-src"
-version = "300.1.3+3.1.2"
+version = "111.25.3+1.1.1t"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd2c101a165fff9935e34def4669595ab1c7847943c42be86e21503e482be107"
+checksum = "924757a6a226bf60da5f7dd0311a34d2b52283dd82ddeb103208ddc66362f80c"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.93"
+version = "0.9.92"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db4d56a4c0478783083cfafcc42493dd4a981d41669da64b4572a2a089b51b1d"
+checksum = "db7e971c2c2bba161b2d2fdf37080177eff520b3bc044787c7f1f5f9e78d869b"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
diff --git a/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
index 2159f5508a75b..d8b2dd800ab1b 100644
--- a/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ rw-dynamic-link = ["zstd-sys"]
 
 [dependencies]
 log = { version = "0.4", features = ["release_max_level_debug"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", optional = true, features = ["vendored"] }
+# FIXME: 0.9.93 upgrades openssl-src to openssl@3, but we failed to build it.
+# fix it later https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/pull/12198
+openssl-sys = { version = "=0.9.92", optional = true, features = ["vendored"] }
 sasl2-sys = { version = "0.1", optional = true, features = ["gssapi-vendored"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["release_max_level_debug"] }
 zstd-sys = { version = "2", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["pkg-config"] }

From f8d6b245b0d2d7609ef547df6c08b1fab83ddc44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 23:36:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 012/430] feat(expr): add `array_sort` (#12189)

---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sort.slt.part | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++
 proto/expr.proto                             |  1 +
 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs         | 31 ++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs                |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs     |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs |  6 ++++
 7 files changed, 78 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sort.slt.part
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sort.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sort.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1a9ee1bcc3088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sort.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+query I
+select array_sort(array[3, 2, 1]);
+----
+{1,2,3}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array[3.14, 2.12, 1.14514]);
+----
+{1.14514,2.12,3.14}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array['b', 'a', 'c']);
+----
+{a,b,c}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array[-1000, 2000, 0]);
+----
+{-1000,0,2000}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array['abcdef', 'aacedf', 'aaadef']);
+----
+{aaadef,aacedf,abcdef}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array['114514🤔️1919810', '113514🥵1919810', '112514😅1919810']);
+----
+{112514😅1919810,113514🥵1919810,114514🤔️1919810}
+
+query I
+select array_sort(array[3, 2, NULL, 1, NULL]);
+----
+{1,2,3,NULL,NULL}
+
+query error invalid digit found in string
+select array_sort(array[3, 2, 1, 'a']);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 9bd5af893cb8b..c4779deafacb4 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ message ExprNode {
     ARRAY_TRANSFORM = 545;
     ARRAY_MIN = 546;
     ARRAY_MAX = 547;
+    ARRAY_SORT = 549;
 
     // Int256 functions
     HEX_TO_INT256 = 560;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7ba455d6bbd61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::*;
+use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DatumRef, DefaultOrdered, ToOwnedDatum};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+#[function("array_sort(list) -> list")]
+pub fn array_sort(list: ListRef<'_>) -> ListValue {
+    let mut v = list
+        .iter()
+        .map(DefaultOrdered)
+        .collect::<Vec<DefaultOrdered<DatumRef<'_>>>>();
+    v.sort();
+    ListValue::new(
+        v.into_iter()
+            .map(|x| x.0.to_owned_datum())
+            .collect::<Vec<Datum>>(),
+    )
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
index f4aaa375f8f76..ae88452b8ea7a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub mod array_positions;
 pub mod array_range_access;
 pub mod array_remove;
 pub mod array_replace;
+pub mod array_sort;
 pub mod ascii;
 pub mod bitwise_op;
 pub mod cardinality;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 51b18b0837584..6bfa4883c6a5e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -795,6 +795,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 ("array_to_string", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayToString)),
                 ("array_distinct", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayDistinct)),
                 ("array_min", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayMin)),
+                ("array_sort", raw_call(ExprType::ArraySort)),
                 ("array_length", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayLength)),
                 ("cardinality", raw_call(ExprType::Cardinality)),
                 ("array_remove", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayRemove)),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index bb2e1d12d8f87..a229fed79b4f0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayToString
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayCat
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayMax
+            | expr_node::Type::ArraySort
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayAppend
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayPrepend
             | expr_node::Type::FormatType
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index 1febc46788af5..771d7a1c6406d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -601,6 +601,12 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
 
             Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone()))
         }
+        ExprType::ArraySort => {
+            ensure_arity!("array_sort", | inputs | == 1);
+            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
+
+            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type()))
+        }
         ExprType::ArrayDims => {
             ensure_arity!("array_dims", | inputs | == 1);
             inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;

From 4d869963b963b92e24166a21cdc45f45977eb209 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 11:50:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 013/430] chore: bump foyer (#12133)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 Cargo.lock             | 36 +++++++++---------------------------
 src/storage/Cargo.toml |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4ea1e16806f06..5d8c2132144d0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2838,35 +2838,18 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2b8907c#2b8907c3cc629da22622a17bbc6bf16dc52c7bc1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
 dependencies = [
- "async-trait",
- "bytes",
- "cmsketch",
- "crossbeam",
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-intrusive",
  "foyer-storage",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
- "futures",
- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "libc",
- "memoffset",
- "nix 0.27.1",
- "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "paste",
- "prometheus",
- "rand",
- "thiserror",
- "tokio",
- "tracing",
- "twox-hash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2b8907c#2b8907c3cc629da22622a17bbc6bf16dc52c7bc1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
@@ -2880,7 +2863,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-intrusive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2b8907c#2b8907c3cc629da22622a17bbc6bf16dc52c7bc1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cmsketch",
@@ -2890,7 +2873,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "memoffset",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
- "thiserror",
  "tracing",
  "twox-hash",
 ]
@@ -2898,7 +2880,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-storage"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2b8907c#2b8907c3cc629da22622a17bbc6bf16dc52c7bc1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-channel",
@@ -2917,7 +2899,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "nix 0.27.1",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
- "pin-project",
  "prometheus",
  "rand",
  "thiserror",
@@ -2929,19 +2910,19 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-workspace-hack"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2b8907c#2b8907c3cc629da22622a17bbc6bf16dc52c7bc1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-channel",
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "either",
  "futures-channel",
- "futures-core",
  "futures-executor",
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-util",
+ "hyper",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "libc",
  "lock_api",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "memchr",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "parking_lot_core 0.9.8",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -2952,6 +2933,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "syn 2.0.32",
  "tokio",
+ "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 1c7a2bb952430..1cdaccf3cdba5 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ dyn-clone = "1.0.13"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"
-foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "2b8907c" }
+foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "2c6f080" }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hex = "0.4"

From 2488c772d5893e58965f4feee090c81c36811c4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 12:45:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 014/430] feat: make `enable.auto.commit` configurable (#12223)

---
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs           | 13 +++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
index 7b8e3a4d1e4eb..50fabadb41365 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesConsumer {
     #[serde(rename = "properties.fetch.max.bytes")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub fetch_max_bytes: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// Automatically and periodically commit offsets in the background.
+    /// Note: setting this to false does not prevent the consumer from fetching previously committed start offsets.
+    /// To circumvent this behaviour set specific start offsets per partition in the call to assign().
+    /// default: true
+    #[serde(rename = "properties.enable.auto.commit")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    pub enable_auto_commit: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -143,6 +151,9 @@ impl RdKafkaPropertiesConsumer {
         if let Some(v) = &self.fetch_max_bytes {
             c.set("fetch.max.bytes", v.to_string());
         }
+        if let Some(v) = &self.enable_auto_commit {
+            c.set("enable.auto.commit", v.to_string());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,6 +181,7 @@ mod test {
             "properties.queued.max.messages.kbytes".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.fetch.wait.max.ms".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.fetch.max.bytes".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
+            "properties.enable.auto.commit".to_string() => "true".to_string(),
         };
 
         let props: KafkaProperties =
@@ -191,5 +203,6 @@ mod test {
         );
         assert_eq!(props.rdkafka_properties.fetch_wait_max_ms, Some(114514));
         assert_eq!(props.rdkafka_properties.fetch_max_bytes, Some(114514));
+        assert_eq!(props.rdkafka_properties.enable_auto_commit, Some(true));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
index 103255a882ed7..65887bb825f92 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ impl SplitReader for KafkaSplitReader {
 
         // disable partition eof
         config.set("enable.partition.eof", "false");
-        config.set("enable.auto.commit", "false");
+        // change to `RdKafkaPropertiesConsumer::enable_auto_commit` to enable auto commit
+        // config.set("enable.auto.commit", "false");
         config.set("auto.offset.reset", "smallest");
         config.set("isolation.level", KAFKA_ISOLATION_LEVEL);
         config.set("bootstrap.servers", bootstrap_servers);

From 53611bfbbc2bf0b73ac62606bda579c34899e849 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 13:06:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 015/430] fix: ban update modify columns referenced by
 generated pk (#12212)

---
 src/common/src/catalog/column.rs              | 12 +++++++++
 .../tests/testdata/input/update.yaml          |  6 +++++
 .../tests/testdata/output/update.yaml         |  5 ++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/update.rs             | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 49 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs b/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
index 173253f34dc8a..cde16ef8d7652 100644
--- a/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbColumnCatalog, PbColumnDesc};
 
@@ -282,6 +283,17 @@ impl ColumnCatalog {
         self.column_desc.is_generated()
     }
 
+    /// If the column is a generated column
+    pub fn generated_expr(&self) -> Option<&ExprNode> {
+        if let Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::GeneratedColumn(desc)) =
+            &self.column_desc.generated_or_default_column
+        {
+            Some(desc.expr.as_ref().unwrap())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
     /// If the column is a column with default expr
     pub fn is_default(&self) -> bool {
         self.column_desc.is_default()
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
index 7770992d78b34..a63e5192073e6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
@@ -69,4 +69,10 @@
     create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1);
     update t set v1 = 3;
   expected_outputs:
+  - binder_error
+- name: update columns references by generated pk
+  sql: |
+    create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1, primary key (v3));
+    update t set v2 = 3;
+  expected_outputs:
   - binder_error
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
index 543393911aa42..f3a27a3d2e514 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
@@ -111,3 +111,8 @@
     create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1);
     update t set v1 = 3;
   binder_error: 'Bind error: update modifying the generated column is unsupported'
+- name: update columns references by generated pk
+  sql: |
+    create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1, primary key (v3));
+    update t set v2 = 3;
+  binder_error: 'Bind error: update modifying the column referenced by generated columns that are part of the primary key is not allowed'
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/update.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/update.rs
index bd7c8a92fd95a..aabe2a5bd43ca 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/update.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 
+use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Schema, TableVersionId};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ use super::{Binder, BoundBaseTable};
 use crate::catalog::TableId;
 use crate::expr::{Expr as _, ExprImpl, InputRef};
 use crate::user::UserId;
+use crate::TableCatalog;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BoundUpdate {
@@ -77,6 +79,23 @@ impl RewriteExprsRecursive for BoundUpdate {
     }
 }
 
+fn get_col_referenced_by_generated_pk(table_catalog: &TableCatalog) -> Result<FixedBitSet> {
+    let column_num = table_catalog.columns().len();
+    let pk_col_id = table_catalog.pk_column_ids();
+    let mut bitset = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(column_num);
+
+    let generated_pk_col_exprs = table_catalog
+        .columns
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|c| pk_col_id.contains(&c.column_id()))
+        .flat_map(|c| c.generated_expr());
+    for expr_node in generated_pk_col_exprs {
+        let expr = ExprImpl::from_expr_proto(expr_node)?;
+        bitset.union_with(&expr.collect_input_refs(column_num));
+    }
+    Ok(bitset)
+}
+
 impl Binder {
     pub(super) fn bind_update(
         &mut self,
@@ -99,6 +118,7 @@ impl Binder {
         let table_id = table_catalog.id;
         let owner = table_catalog.owner;
         let table_version_id = table_catalog.version_id().expect("table must be versioned");
+        let cols_refed_by_generated_pk = get_col_referenced_by_generated_pk(table_catalog)?;
 
         let table = self.bind_table(schema_name.as_deref(), &table_name, None)?;
 
@@ -161,6 +181,12 @@ impl Binder {
                         )
                         .into());
                     }
+                    if cols_refed_by_generated_pk.contains(id_index) {
+                        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
+                            "update modifying the column referenced by generated columns that are part of the primary key is not allowed".to_owned(),
+                        )
+                        .into());
+                    }
                     id_index
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()

From 7a284f7ee166ecd32bdfaacefb483e034c08d799 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wu <f_dogs@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 14:45:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 016/430] feat: alter column for table with connector (#12164)

---
 ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh                 |  4 +
 e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka.slt         | 28 +++++-
 .../basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt      | 15 ++++
 .../basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt    | 14 +++
 proto/ddl_service.proto                       |  2 +
 scripts/source/alter_data/kafka_alter.3       |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs   |  4 +-
 .../src/handler/alter_source_column.rs        |  6 ++
 .../src/handler/alter_table_column.rs         | 89 ++++++++++++++-----
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs              |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs                |  1 +
 src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs               |  9 ++
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs           | 54 ++++++++++-
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            | 12 +--
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs       | 75 ++++++++++------
 src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs         |  6 ++
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  2 +
 18 files changed, 258 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt
 create mode 100644 scripts/source/alter_data/kafka_alter.3

diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
index def1368641641..3dc25892a4615 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
@@ -141,6 +141,10 @@ chmod +x ./scripts/source/prepare_data_after_alter.sh
 ./scripts/source/prepare_data_after_alter.sh 2
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt'
 
+echo "--- e2e, kafka alter source again"
+./scripts/source/prepare_data_after_alter.sh 3
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt'
+
 echo "--- Run CH-benCHmark"
 ./risedev slt -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ch_benchmark/batch/ch_benchmark.slt'
 ./risedev slt -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ch_benchmark/streaming/*.slt'
diff --git a/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka.slt b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka.slt
index 6e2b7b88d2727..7b355f6407e52 100644
--- a/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka.slt
@@ -14,13 +14,22 @@ CREATE SOURCE s2 (v2 varchar) with (
   scan.startup.mode = 'earliest'
 ) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
 
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE t (v1 int) with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'kafka_alter',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
+  scan.startup.mode = 'earliest'
+) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
+
+
 statement ok
 create materialized view mv1 as select * from s1;
 
 statement ok
 create materialized view mv2 as select * from s2;
 
-sleep 10s
+sleep 5s
 
 statement ok
 flush;
@@ -35,6 +44,11 @@ select * from s2;
 ----
 11
 
+query I
+select * from t;
+----
+1
+
 # alter source
 statement ok
 alter source s1 add column v2 varchar;
@@ -49,7 +63,10 @@ create materialized view mv3 as select * from s1;
 statement ok
 create materialized view mv4 as select * from s2;
 
-sleep 10s
+statement ok
+alter table t add column v2 varchar;
+
+sleep 5s
 
 statement ok
 flush;
@@ -84,6 +101,11 @@ select * from mv4
 ----
 11 NULL
 
+query IT
+select * from t
+----
+1 NULL
+
 # alter source again
 statement ok
 alter source s1 add column v3 int;
@@ -91,7 +113,7 @@ alter source s1 add column v3 int;
 statement ok
 create materialized view mv5 as select * from s1;
 
-sleep 10s
+sleep 5s
 
 statement ok
 flush;
diff --git a/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt
index 2b0ab659766e9..5a73b749079f9 100644
--- a/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data.slt
@@ -45,6 +45,21 @@ select * from mv5
 1 11 111
 2 22 222
 
+query IT rowsort
+select * from t
+----
+1 NULL
+2 22
+
+statement ok
+alter table t add column v3 int;
+
+query IT rowsort
+select * from t
+----
+1 NULL NULL
+2 22 NULL
+
 statement ok
 drop materialized view mv1
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c10634d259138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/source/basic/alter/kafka_after_new_data_2.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+sleep 5s
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query IT rowsort
+select * from t
+----
+1 NULL NULL
+2 22 NULL
+3 33 333
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/ddl_service.proto b/proto/ddl_service.proto
index 35ae7e0b01bb4..27c9f2ee82f83 100644
--- a/proto/ddl_service.proto
+++ b/proto/ddl_service.proto
@@ -239,6 +239,8 @@ message ReplaceTablePlanRequest {
   stream_plan.StreamFragmentGraph fragment_graph = 2;
   // The mapping from the old columns to the new columns of the table.
   catalog.ColIndexMapping table_col_index_mapping = 3;
+  // Source catalog of table's associated source
+  catalog.Source source = 4;
 }
 
 message ReplaceTablePlanResponse {
diff --git a/scripts/source/alter_data/kafka_alter.3 b/scripts/source/alter_data/kafka_alter.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fb9015ae75caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/source/alter_data/kafka_alter.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v1": 3, "v2": "33", "v3": 333}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
index df3fce39004a1..14a9f9ad104cc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ pub trait CatalogWriter: Send + Sync {
 
     async fn replace_table(
         &self,
+        source: Option<PbSource>,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
         mapping: ColIndexMapping,
@@ -229,13 +230,14 @@ impl CatalogWriter for CatalogWriterImpl {
 
     async fn replace_table(
         &self,
+        source: Option<PbSource>,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
         mapping: ColIndexMapping,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let version = self
             .meta_client
-            .replace_table(table, graph, mapping)
+            .replace_table(source, table, graph, mapping)
             .await?;
         self.wait_version(version).await
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
index be139fd6d6976..6e13a16185bf2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,12 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_source_column(
                 None.into(),
             )));
         }
+        SourceEncode::Json if catalog.info.use_schema_registry => {
+            return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                "Alter source with schema registry".into(),
+                None.into(),
+            )));
+        }
         SourceEncode::Invalid | SourceEncode::Native => {
             return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::NotSupported(
                 format!("Alter source with encode {:?}", encode),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
index be314befdfae3..35524e70e7f1e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
@@ -17,16 +17,21 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_fragment_graph::Parallelism;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFragmentGraph;
-use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{AlterTableOperation, ColumnOption, ObjectName, Statement};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
+    AlterTableOperation, ColumnOption, Encode, ObjectName, SourceSchemaV2, Statement,
+};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser;
 
+use super::create_source::get_json_schema_location;
 use super::create_table::{gen_create_table_plan, ColumnIdGenerator};
 use super::{HandlerArgs, RwPgResponse};
 use crate::catalog::root_catalog::SchemaPath;
 use crate::catalog::table_catalog::TableType;
+use crate::handler::create_table::gen_create_table_plan_with_source;
 use crate::{build_graph, Binder, OptimizerContext, TableCatalog};
 
 /// Handle `ALTER TABLE [ADD|DROP] COLUMN` statements. The `operation` must be either `AddColumn` or
@@ -51,13 +56,6 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
             reader.get_table_by_name(db_name, schema_path, &real_table_name)?;
 
         match table.table_type() {
-            // Do not allow altering a table with a connector. It should be done passively according
-            // to the messages from the connector.
-            TableType::Table if table.has_associated_source() => {
-                Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
-                    "cannot alter table \"{table_name}\" because it has a connector"
-                )))?
-            }
             TableType::Table => {}
 
             _ => Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
@@ -82,9 +80,26 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
         .context("unable to parse original table definition")?
         .try_into()
         .unwrap();
-    let Statement::CreateTable { columns, .. } = &mut definition else {
+    let Statement::CreateTable {
+        columns,
+        source_schema,
+        ..
+    } = &mut definition
+    else {
         panic!("unexpected statement: {:?}", definition);
     };
+    let source_schema = source_schema
+        .clone()
+        .map(|source_schema| source_schema.into_source_schema_v2());
+
+    if let Some(source_schema) = &source_schema {
+        if schema_has_schema_registry(source_schema) {
+            return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                "Alter table with source having schema registry".into(),
+                None.into(),
+            )));
+        }
+    }
 
     match operation {
         AlterTableOperation::AddColumn {
@@ -170,20 +185,32 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
         panic!("unexpected statement type: {:?}", definition);
     };
 
-    let (graph, table) = {
+    let (graph, table, source) = {
         let context = OptimizerContext::from_handler_args(handler_args);
-        let (plan, source, table) = gen_create_table_plan(
-            context,
-            table_name,
-            columns,
-            constraints,
-            col_id_gen,
-            source_watermarks,
-            append_only,
-        )?;
-
-        // We should already have rejected the case where the table has a connector.
-        assert!(source.is_none());
+        let (plan, source, table) = match source_schema {
+            Some(source_schema) => {
+                gen_create_table_plan_with_source(
+                    context,
+                    table_name,
+                    columns,
+                    constraints,
+                    source_schema,
+                    source_watermarks,
+                    col_id_gen,
+                    append_only,
+                )
+                .await?
+            }
+            None => gen_create_table_plan(
+                context,
+                table_name,
+                columns,
+                constraints,
+                col_id_gen,
+                source_watermarks,
+                append_only,
+            )?,
+        };
 
         // TODO: avoid this backward conversion.
         if TableCatalog::from(&table).pk_column_ids() != original_catalog.pk_column_ids() {
@@ -203,10 +230,13 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
         // Fill the original table ID.
         let table = Table {
             id: original_catalog.id().table_id(),
+            optional_associated_source_id: original_catalog
+                .associated_source_id()
+                .map(|source_id| OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id.into())),
             ..table
         };
 
-        (graph, table)
+        (graph, table, source)
     };
 
     // Calculate the mapping from the original columns to the new columns.
@@ -226,12 +256,23 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
     let catalog_writer = session.catalog_writer()?;
 
     catalog_writer
-        .replace_table(table, graph, col_index_mapping)
+        .replace_table(source, table, graph, col_index_mapping)
         .await?;
 
     Ok(PgResponse::empty_result(StatementType::ALTER_TABLE))
 }
 
+fn schema_has_schema_registry(schema: &SourceSchemaV2) -> bool {
+    match schema.row_encode {
+        Encode::Avro | Encode::Protobuf => true,
+        Encode::Json => {
+            let mut options = schema.gen_options().unwrap();
+            matches!(get_json_schema_location(&mut options), Ok(Some(_)))
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index 78e85fca77e0c..a8f59bd5ccc61 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ fn consume_string_from_options(
     ))))
 }
 
-fn get_json_schema_location(
+pub fn get_json_schema_location(
     row_options: &mut BTreeMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<Option<(AstString, bool)>> {
     let schema_location = try_consume_string_from_options(row_options, "schema.location");
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
index 05bab2ea5404a..92704120b1ed9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ pub fn get_connection_name(with_properties: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> Option
         .get(CONNECTION_NAME_KEY)
         .map(|s| s.to_lowercase())
 }
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use bytes::BytesMut;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index e934bed502f42..086c4f0c496e3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ impl CatalogWriter for MockCatalogWriter {
 
     async fn replace_table(
         &self,
+        _source: Option<PbSource>,
         table: PbTable,
         _graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
         _mapping: ColIndexMapping,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
index d0deac65b3207..8d8076e56a233 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ pub enum Command {
         new_table_fragments: TableFragments,
         merge_updates: Vec<MergeUpdate>,
         dispatchers: HashMap<ActorId, Vec<Dispatcher>>,
+        init_split_assignment: SplitAssignment,
     },
 
     /// `SourceSplitAssignment` generates Plain(Mutation::Splits) for pushing initialized splits or
@@ -352,6 +353,7 @@ impl CommandContext {
                 old_table_fragments,
                 merge_updates,
                 dispatchers,
+                init_split_assignment,
                 ..
             } => {
                 let dropped_actors = old_table_fragments.actor_ids();
@@ -368,10 +370,16 @@ impl CommandContext {
                     })
                     .collect();
 
+                let actor_splits = init_split_assignment
+                    .values()
+                    .flat_map(build_actor_connector_splits)
+                    .collect();
+
                 Some(Mutation::Update(UpdateMutation {
                     actor_new_dispatchers,
                     merge_update: merge_updates.clone(),
                     dropped_actors,
+                    actor_splits,
                     ..Default::default()
                 }))
             }
@@ -761,6 +769,7 @@ impl CommandContext {
                 new_table_fragments,
                 merge_updates,
                 dispatchers,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let table_ids = HashSet::from_iter(std::iter::once(old_table_fragments.table_id()));
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index 0e3fa33d0eec1..6d512c1133d0d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -2020,7 +2020,10 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     }
 
     /// This is used for `ALTER TABLE ADD/DROP COLUMN`.
-    pub async fn start_replace_table_procedure(&self, table: &Table) -> MetaResult<()> {
+    pub async fn start_replace_table_procedure(&self, stream_job: &StreamingJob) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let StreamingJob::Table(source, table) = stream_job else {
+            unreachable!("unexpected job: {stream_job:?}")
+        };
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
         database_core.ensure_database_id(table.database_id)?;
@@ -2043,6 +2046,13 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         if database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&key) {
             bail!("table is in altering procedure");
         } else {
+            if let Some(source) = source {
+                let source_key = (source.database_id, source.schema_id, source.name.clone());
+                if database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&source_key) {
+                    bail!("source is in altering procedure");
+                }
+                database_core.mark_creating(&source_key);
+            }
             database_core.mark_creating(&key);
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -2051,20 +2061,38 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     /// This is used for `ALTER TABLE ADD/DROP COLUMN`.
     pub async fn finish_replace_table_procedure(
         &self,
+        source: &Option<Source>,
         table: &Table,
         table_col_index_mapping: ColIndexMapping,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
         let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.tables);
+        let mut sources = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.sources);
         let mut indexes = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.indexes);
         let key = (table.database_id, table.schema_id, table.name.clone());
+
         assert!(
             tables.contains_key(&table.id)
                 && database_core.in_progress_creation_tracker.contains(&key),
             "table must exist and be in altering procedure"
         );
 
+        if let Some(source) = source {
+            let source_key = (source.database_id, source.schema_id, source.name.clone());
+            assert!(
+                sources.contains_key(&source.id)
+                    && database_core
+                        .in_progress_creation_tracker
+                        .contains(&source_key),
+                "source must exist and be in altering procedure"
+            );
+            sources.insert(source.id, source.clone());
+            database_core
+                .in_progress_creation_tracker
+                .remove(&source_key);
+        }
+
         let index_ids: Vec<_> = indexes
             .tree_ref()
             .iter()
@@ -2091,7 +2119,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         database_core.in_progress_creation_tracker.remove(&key);
 
         tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
-        commit_meta!(self, tables, indexes)?;
+        commit_meta!(self, tables, indexes, sources)?;
 
         // Group notification
         let version = self
@@ -2102,6 +2130,9 @@ impl CatalogManager {
                         relation_info: RelationInfo::Table(table.to_owned()).into(),
                     }]
                     .into_iter()
+                    .chain(source.iter().map(|source| Relation {
+                        relation_info: RelationInfo::Source(source.to_owned()).into(),
+                    }))
                     .chain(updated_indexes.into_iter().map(|index| Relation {
                         relation_info: RelationInfo::Index(index).into(),
                     }))
@@ -2114,7 +2145,13 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     }
 
     /// This is used for `ALTER TABLE ADD/DROP COLUMN`.
-    pub async fn cancel_replace_table_procedure(&self, table: &Table) -> MetaResult<()> {
+    pub async fn cancel_replace_table_procedure(
+        &self,
+        stream_job: &StreamingJob,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let StreamingJob::Table(source, table) = stream_job else {
+            unreachable!("unexpected job: {stream_job:?}")
+        };
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
         let key = (table.database_id, table.schema_id, table.name.clone());
@@ -2127,6 +2164,17 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             "table must exist and must be in altering procedure"
         );
 
+        if let Some(source) = source {
+            let source_key = (source.database_id, source.schema_id, source.name.clone());
+            assert!(
+                database_core.sources.contains_key(&source.id)
+                    && database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&source_key),
+                "source must exist and must be in altering procedure"
+            );
+
+            database_core.unmark_creating(&source_key);
+        }
+
         // TODO: Here we reuse the `creation` tracker for `alter` procedure, as an `alter` must
         // occur after it's created. We may need to add a new tracker for `alter` procedure.s
         database_core.unmark_creating(&key);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index a11fe815609cd..254e1ae5eca29 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ impl DdlController {
 
         // 3. Mark current relation as "updating".
         self.catalog_manager
-            .start_replace_table_procedure(stream_job.table().unwrap())
+            .start_replace_table_procedure(stream_job)
             .await?;
 
         Ok(fragment_graph)
@@ -947,22 +947,18 @@ impl DdlController {
         stream_job: &StreamingJob,
         table_col_index_mapping: ColIndexMapping,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
-        let StreamingJob::Table(None, table) = stream_job else {
+        let StreamingJob::Table(source, table) = stream_job else {
             unreachable!("unexpected job: {stream_job:?}")
         };
 
         self.catalog_manager
-            .finish_replace_table_procedure(table, table_col_index_mapping)
+            .finish_replace_table_procedure(source, table, table_col_index_mapping)
             .await
     }
 
     async fn cancel_replace_table(&self, stream_job: &StreamingJob) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let StreamingJob::Table(None, table) = stream_job else {
-            unreachable!("unexpected job: {stream_job:?}")
-        };
-
         self.catalog_manager
-            .cancel_replace_table_procedure(table)
+            .cancel_replace_table_procedure(stream_job)
             .await
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
index a744ba910198d..8cf8f3e419a50 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::private_link_service::{
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbPrivateLinkService;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::source::OptionalAssociatedTableId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{connection, Connection};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{connection, Connection, PbSource, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::ddl_service_server::DdlService;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::drop_table_request::PbSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::*;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
+use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::PbStreamFragmentGraph;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
 use crate::barrier::BarrierManagerRef;
@@ -413,30 +414,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
         if let Some(source) = &mut source {
             // Generate source id.
             let source_id = self.gen_unique_id::<{ IdCategory::Table }>().await?; // TODO: Use source category
-            source.id = source_id;
-
-            let mut source_count = 0;
-            for fragment in fragment_graph.fragments.values_mut() {
-                visit_fragment(fragment, |node_body| {
-                    if let NodeBody::Source(source_node) = node_body {
-                        // TODO: Refactor using source id.
-                        source_node.source_inner.as_mut().unwrap().source_id = source_id;
-                        source_count += 1;
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-            assert_eq!(
-                source_count, 1,
-                "require exactly 1 external stream source when creating table with a connector"
-            );
-
-            // Fill in the correct table id for source.
-            source.optional_associated_table_id =
-                Some(OptionalAssociatedTableId::AssociatedTableId(table_id));
-
-            // Fill in the correct source id for mview.
-            mview.optional_associated_source_id =
-                Some(OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id));
+            fill_table_source(source, source_id, &mut mview, table_id, &mut fragment_graph);
         }
 
         let mut stream_job = StreamingJob::Table(source, mview);
@@ -530,10 +508,19 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
     ) -> Result<Response<ReplaceTablePlanResponse>, Status> {
         let req = request.into_inner();
 
-        let stream_job = StreamingJob::Table(None, req.table.unwrap());
-        let fragment_graph = req.fragment_graph.unwrap();
+        let mut source = req.source;
+        let mut fragment_graph = req.fragment_graph.unwrap();
+        let mut table = req.table.unwrap();
+        if let Some(OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id)) =
+            table.optional_associated_source_id
+        {
+            let source = source.as_mut().unwrap();
+            let table_id = table.id;
+            fill_table_source(source, source_id, &mut table, table_id, &mut fragment_graph);
+        }
         let table_col_index_mapping =
             ColIndexMapping::from_protobuf(&req.table_col_index_mapping.unwrap());
+        let stream_job = StreamingJob::Table(source, table);
 
         let version = self
             .ddl_controller
@@ -760,3 +747,37 @@ impl DdlServiceImpl {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+fn fill_table_source(
+    source: &mut PbSource,
+    source_id: u32,
+    table: &mut PbTable,
+    table_id: u32,
+    fragment_graph: &mut PbStreamFragmentGraph,
+) {
+    // If we're creating a table with connector, we should additionally fill its ID first.
+    source.id = source_id;
+
+    let mut source_count = 0;
+    for fragment in fragment_graph.fragments.values_mut() {
+        visit_fragment(fragment, |node_body| {
+            if let NodeBody::Source(source_node) = node_body {
+                // TODO: Refactor using source id.
+                source_node.source_inner.as_mut().unwrap().source_id = source_id;
+                source_count += 1;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    assert_eq!(
+        source_count, 1,
+        "require exactly 1 external stream source when creating table with a connector"
+    );
+
+    // Fill in the correct table id for source.
+    source.optional_associated_table_id =
+        Some(OptionalAssociatedTableId::AssociatedTableId(table_id));
+
+    // Fill in the correct source id for mview.
+    table.optional_associated_source_id =
+        Some(OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id));
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
index 558149787c85f..df642802361ad 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
@@ -483,6 +483,11 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
 
         let dummy_table_id = table_fragments.table_id();
 
+        let init_split_assignment = self
+            .source_manager
+            .pre_allocate_splits(&dummy_table_id)
+            .await?;
+
         if let Err(err) = self
             .barrier_scheduler
             .run_config_change_command_with_pause(Command::ReplaceTable {
@@ -490,6 +495,7 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
                 new_table_fragments: table_fragments,
                 merge_updates,
                 dispatchers,
+                init_split_assignment,
             })
             .await
         {
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 2b87ae995a564..a6a8b1d5baff4 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -429,11 +429,13 @@ impl MetaClient {
 
     pub async fn replace_table(
         &self,
+        source: Option<PbSource>,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
         table_col_index_mapping: ColIndexMapping,
     ) -> Result<CatalogVersion> {
         let request = ReplaceTablePlanRequest {
+            source,
             table: Some(table),
             fragment_graph: Some(graph),
             table_col_index_mapping: Some(table_col_index_mapping.to_protobuf()),

From 8b61c9228608b64df718c3d22862619174ae3fdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 15:17:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 017/430] refactor(docker/doc): apply docker file with new
 release version (#12200)

---
 docker/README.md                      | 6 +++---
 docker/docker-compose-with-azblob.yml | 2 +-
 docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml    | 2 +-
 docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml   | 2 +-
 docker/docker-compose-with-oss.yml    | 2 +-
 docker/docker-compose.yml             | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/README.md b/docker/README.md
index 5b06140bac9c1..2da87c9f85907 100644
--- a/docker/README.md
+++ b/docker/README.md
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ It will start a minio, a meta node, a compute node, a frontend, a compactor, a p
 ### s3 and other s3-compatible storage backend
 To start a RisingWave cluster with s3 backend, configure the aws credit in [aws.env](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/main/docker/aws.env).
 If you want to use some s3 compatible storage like Tencent Cloud COS, just configure one more [endpoint](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/aws.env#L7).
-After configuring the environment and fill in your [bucket name and data directory](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-s3.yml#L196), run
+After configuring the environment and fill in your [bucket name](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-s3.yml#L196), run
 
 ```
 # Start all components
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ docker-compose -f docker-compose-with-s3.yml up
 It will run with s3 (compatible) object storage with a meta node, a compute node, a frontend, a compactor, a prometheus and a redpanda instance.
 
 ### Start with other storage products of  public cloud vendors
-To start a RisingWave cluster with other storage backend, like Google Cloud Storage, Alicloud OSS or Azure Blob Storage, configure the authentication information in [multiple_object_storage.env](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/main/docker/multiple_object_storage.env), fill in your [bucket name and data directory](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml#L196).
+To start a RisingWave cluster with other storage backend, like Google Cloud Storage, Alicloud OSS or Azure Blob Storage, configure the authentication information in [multiple_object_storage.env](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/main/docker/multiple_object_storage.env), fill in your [bucket name](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml#L196).
 and run
 
 ```
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ docker-compose -f docker-compose-with-xxx.yml up
 It will run RisingWave with corresponding (object) storage products.
 
 ### Start with HDFS backend
-To start a RisingWave cluster with HDFS, mount your `HADDOP_HOME` in [compactor node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L28), [compute node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L112) [compute node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L218), fill in the [cluster_name/namenode and data_path](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L202),
+To start a RisingWave cluster with HDFS, mount your `HADDOP_HOME` in [compactor node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L28), [compute node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L112) [compute node volumes](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L218), fill in the [cluster_name/namenode](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/blob/a2684461e379ce73f8d730982147439e2379de16/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml#L202),
 and run
 
 ```
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose-with-azblob.yml b/docker/docker-compose-with-azblob.yml
index ac67a6dc730f6..91a88c6bbb9e7 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose-with-azblob.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose-with-azblob.yml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ services:
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
       - "connector-node:50051"
       - "--state-store"
-      - "hummock+azblob://<container_name>@<root>"
+      - "hummock+azblob://<container_name>"
       - "--data-directory"
       - "hummock_001"
       - "--config-path"
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml b/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml
index d6d3cd480dcf0..a3c2b145ea3fa 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose-with-gcs.yml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ services:
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
       - "connector-node:50051"
       - "--state-store"
-      - "hummock+gcs://<bucket-name>@<data_path>"
+      - "hummock+gcs://<bucket-name>"
       - "--data-directory"
       - "hummock_001"
       - "--config-path"
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml b/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
index c76d3b3a7ff1d..5b411174370c8 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ services:
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
       - "connector-node:50051"
       - "--state-store"
-      - "hummock+hdfs://<cluster_name>@<data_path>"
+      - "hummock+hdfs://<cluster_name>"
       - "--data-directory"
       - "hummock_001"
       - "--config-path"
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose-with-oss.yml b/docker/docker-compose-with-oss.yml
index edc51d81d3b5b..67729861815e7 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose-with-oss.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose-with-oss.yml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ services:
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
       - "connector-node:50051"
       - "--state-store"
-      - "hummock+oss://<bucket_name>@<data_path>"
+      - "hummock+oss://<bucket_name>"
       - "--data-directory"
       - "hummock_001"
       - "--config-path"
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yml b/docker/docker-compose.yml
index 107124d5c27b5..c7f2db4cb737d 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 version: "3"
 services:
   compactor-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
     command:
       - compactor-node
       - "--listen-addr"

From faa1bcc571eb6d1b84fd70620af93195ebb2c8da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 16:10:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 018/430] fix(udf): check the data type returned from UDF
 server (#12202)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                 |  8 ++++++
 src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs         | 10 +++++++
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs               |  7 +++++
 src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 55 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index d0e155f784546..2508d90f9632c 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -443,6 +443,14 @@ impl DataType {
         }
         d
     }
+
+    /// Compares the datatype with another, ignoring nested field names and metadata.
+    pub fn equals_datatype(&self, other: &DataType) -> bool {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Self::Struct(s1), Self::Struct(s2)) => s1.equals_datatype(s2),
+            _ => self == other,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<DataType> for PbDataType {
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs b/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
index 340ffa7857c1d..239f506db8267 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ impl StructType {
             .chain(std::iter::repeat("").take(self.0.field_types.len() - self.0.field_names.len()))
             .zip_eq_debug(self.0.field_types.iter())
     }
+
+    /// Compares the datatype with another, ignoring nested field names and metadata.
+    pub fn equals_datatype(&self, other: &StructType) -> bool {
+        if self.0.field_types.len() != other.0.field_types.len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        (self.0.field_types.iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(other.0.field_types.iter())
+            .all(|(a, b)| a.equals_datatype(b))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Display for StructType {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 3bb1583e26224..d0ecf58c3af98 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ impl UdfExpression {
         };
         let mut array = ArrayImpl::try_from(arrow_array)?;
         array.set_bitmap(array.null_bitmap() & vis);
+        if !array.data_type().equals_datatype(&self.return_type) {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?}, but expected {:?}",
+                array.data_type(),
+                self.return_type,
+            );
+        }
         Ok(Arc::new(array))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 21d3801cce47d..7b0385854c544 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -67,9 +67,39 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
             .await?
         {
             let output = DataChunk::try_from(&res?)?;
+            self.check_output(&output)?;
             yield output;
         }
     }
+
+    /// Check if the output chunk is valid.
+    fn check_output(&self, output: &DataChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        if output.columns().len() != 2 {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {} columns, but expected 2",
+                output.columns().len()
+            );
+        }
+        if output.column_at(0).data_type() != DataType::Int32 {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?} at column 0, but expected {:?}",
+                output.column_at(0).data_type(),
+                DataType::Int32,
+            );
+        }
+        if !output
+            .column_at(1)
+            .data_type()
+            .equals_datatype(&self.return_type)
+        {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?} at column 1, but expected {:?}",
+                output.column_at(1).data_type(),
+                &self.return_type,
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(madsim))]

From 43852dca4859f1f7235486d4bb4b8cd166fa1bc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 16:29:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 019/430] chore(udf): prepare for publishing java udf to maven
 (#11981)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml                    |   2 +-
 ci/workflows/main.yml                         |   2 +-
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml                 |   2 +-
 java/common-utils/pom.xml                     |  12 +-
 java/connector-node/assembly/pom.xml          |  29 ++--
 java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml     |  17 ++-
 .../risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml      |  33 +++--
 .../risingwave-connector-test/pom.xml         |  31 ++--
 .../risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml         |  17 ++-
 .../risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml         |  22 +--
 .../risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml              |  17 ++-
 .../risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml           |  22 +--
 .../risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml              |  19 +--
 .../risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml             |  15 +-
 java/connector-node/s3-common/pom.xml         |  12 +-
 java/dev.md                                   |   6 +
 java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml           |  17 ++-
 java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml    |  16 +-
 java/java-binding/pom.xml                     |  22 +--
 java/pom.xml                                  | 139 +++++++++++++++---
 java/proto/pom.xml                            |  16 +-
 java/udf-example/pom.xml                      |  31 ++--
 java/udf/README.md                            |  19 ++-
 java/udf/pom.xml                              |  34 ++---
 .../com/risingwave/functions/UdfServer.java   |  18 ++-
 25 files changed, 356 insertions(+), 214 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index e1e95d63ff2f5..adb2291d23dc8 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ steps:
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
           environment:
             - GITHUB_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 12
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main.yml b/ci/workflows/main.yml
index f46061642340a..b02e4ba147ffd 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main.yml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ steps:
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
           environment:
             - GITHUB_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 12
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 0e4ded02791ec..ebbca0e333b04 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ steps:
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
           environment:
             - GITHUB_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 12
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
diff --git a/java/common-utils/pom.xml b/java/common-utils/pom.xml
index ed60690d58aec..3a2922f30154a 100644
--- a/java/common-utils/pom.xml
+++ b/java/common-utils/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/assembly/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/assembly/pom.xml
index 6812bac5b63e6..6a68567718b25 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/assembly/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/assembly/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
@@ -22,31 +23,31 @@
     <!-- Dependencies input for the assembly plugin -->
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-connector-service</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-source-cdc</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-es-7</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-cassandra</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-jdbc</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-iceberg</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-deltalake</artifactId>
             <exclusions>
                 <exclusion>
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>s3-common</artifactId>
             <exclusions>
                 <exclusion>
@@ -107,4 +108,4 @@
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
index fee5e3da60825..9aa7deb2b2bb2 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <name>connector-api</name>
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -33,4 +34,4 @@
             <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
index 4e2dbe1d6ec96..0d275333bbca9 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
@@ -73,36 +73,37 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
-        <!-- Specific connectors dependencies managed by the assembly plugin, refer to assembly/pom.xml for more details -->
+        <!-- Specific connectors dependencies managed by the assembly plugin, refer to
+        assembly/pom.xml for more details -->
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-source-cdc</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-jdbc</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-iceberg</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-deltalake</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-es-7</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-cassandra</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/pom.xml
index 7f8f6f1bc49cc..a01049746be8e 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/pom.xml
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
@@ -19,22 +20,22 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-deltalake</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-iceberg</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>s3-common</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
             <exclusions>
@@ -155,29 +156,29 @@
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-source-cdc</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-connector-service</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-jdbc</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-es-7</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-sink-cassandra</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
index e51faa9691cf9..3276846d162c3 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-sink-cassandra</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-cassandra</name>
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
index cfa73c652fa5b..77ff44bdf4f27 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-sink-deltalake</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <name>risingwave-sink-deltalake</name>
 
@@ -23,20 +23,20 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>s3-common</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>common-utils</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@
             <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
index 04694ed98bb04..7ae2c0fa6357c 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-sink-es-7</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-es-7</name>
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
index 818144377656d..6f5117453e9cc 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-sink-iceberg</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <name>risingwave-sink-iceberg</name>
 
@@ -23,19 +23,19 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>common-utils</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>s3-common</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@
         </dependency>
 
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
index eda76fbdd59af..982371c3839d6 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-sink-jdbc</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-jdbc</name>
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -50,4 +51,4 @@
         </dependency>
 
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
index 3dfccc269e209..bc5f1c3252b0d 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>risingwave-source-cdc</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <name>risingwave-source-cdc</name>
 
@@ -58,4 +59,4 @@
             <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/s3-common/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/s3-common/pom.xml
index 7e39d79e3c98a..b1c8033fc1f84 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/s3-common/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/s3-common/pom.xml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
             <artifactId>hadoop-aws</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
diff --git a/java/dev.md b/java/dev.md
index 148fde173baad..ac20c30fe69fa 100644
--- a/java/dev.md
+++ b/java/dev.md
@@ -56,3 +56,9 @@ Config with the following. It may work.
   "java.format.settings.profile": "Android"
 }
 ```
+
+## Deploy UDF Library to Maven
+
+```sh
+mvn clean deploy --pl udf --am
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml b/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
index dadb6b8e85ef7..f9fb0a70dc307 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>java-binding-benchmark</artifactId>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>java-binding-benchmark</name>
     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
     <dependencies>
@@ -33,8 +34,8 @@
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml b/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
index b5882db33bfb5..d50f26824dcba 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>common-utils</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
diff --git a/java/java-binding/pom.xml b/java/java-binding/pom.xml
index a39288ca9e6c8..53946f143d201 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding/pom.xml
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
-        <module.version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</module.version>
+        <module.version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</module.version>
         <jni.loader.version>1.0.0</jni.loader.version>
         <java.binding.release>false</java.binding.release>
     </properties>
@@ -28,11 +29,11 @@
             <version>${jni.loader.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>common-utils</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -60,7 +61,8 @@
                         <executions>
                             <execution>
                                 <id>build-jni-rust</id>
-                                <!--disable the plugin-->
+                                <!--disable
+                                the plugin-->
                                 <phase>none</phase>
                             </execution>
                         </executions>
@@ -93,4 +95,4 @@
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/pom.xml b/java/pom.xml
index e7c790e37a79f..28d7a688a5aef 100644
--- a/java/pom.xml
+++ b/java/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,40 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
-    <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-    <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+    <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+    <name>RisingWave Java Root POM</name>
+    <url>https://www.risingwave.com</url>
+    <description>RisingWave is a distributed SQL streaming database.</description>
+
+    <licenses>
+        <license>
+            <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
+            <url>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
+        </license>
+    </licenses>
+
+    <developers>
+        <developer>
+            <name>Runji Wang</name>
+            <email>wangrunji0408@163.com</email>
+            <organization>RisingWave Labs</organization>
+            <organizationUrl>https://www.risingwave.com</organizationUrl>
+        </developer>
+    </developers>
+
+    <scm>
+        <connection>scm:git:https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave.git</connection>
+        <developerConnection>scm:git:https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave.git</developerConnection>
+        <url>https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave</url>
+    </scm>
+
     <modules>
         <module>proto</module>
         <module>udf</module>
@@ -26,7 +55,6 @@
         <module>connector-node/assembly</module>
         <module>connector-node/s3-common</module>
     </modules>
-    <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
     <properties>
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
@@ -35,7 +63,7 @@
         <protobuf.version>3.21.1</protobuf.version>
         <grpc.version>1.53.0</grpc.version>
         <gson.version>2.10</gson.version>
-        <module.version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</module.version>
+        <module.version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</module.version>
         <spotless.version>2.27.1</spotless.version>
         <log4j.version>2.20.0</log4j.version>
         <commons.cli.version>1.5.0</commons.cli.version>
@@ -178,62 +206,62 @@
                 <scope>test</scope>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>common-utils</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>connector-api</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>s3-common</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-source-cdc</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-sink-iceberg</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-connector-service</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-sink-deltalake</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-sink-es-7</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-sink-cassandra</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
-                <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+                <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
                 <artifactId>risingwave-sink-jdbc</artifactId>
                 <version>${module.version}</version>
             </dependency>
@@ -300,7 +328,7 @@
                             <style>AOSP</style>
                         </googleJavaFormat>
 
-                        <removeUnusedImports/>
+                        <removeUnusedImports />
                     </java>
                 </configuration>
                 <executions>
@@ -340,6 +368,75 @@
                 </configuration>
             </plugin>
 
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.3.0</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>attach-sources</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.5.0</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>attach-javadocs</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>jar</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+                <configuration>
+                    <excludePackageNames>com.risingwave.connector.*</excludePackageNames>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+
+            <!-- uncomment when deploying -->
+            <!-- <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.1.0</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>sign-artifacts</id>
+                        <phase>verify</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>sign</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin> -->
+
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>1.6.13</version>
+                <extensions>true</extensions>
+                <configuration>
+                    <serverId>ossrh</serverId>
+                    <nexusUrl>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
+                    <autoReleaseAfterClose>true</autoReleaseAfterClose>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
-</project>
+
+    <distributionManagement>
+        <snapshotRepository>
+            <id>ossrh</id>
+            <url>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
+        </snapshotRepository>
+        <repository>
+            <id>ossrh</id>
+            <url>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
+        </repository>
+    </distributionManagement>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/proto/pom.xml b/java/proto/pom.xml
index cd82f3b6e22d7..d2302f569747a 100644
--- a/java/proto/pom.xml
+++ b/java/proto/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
-        <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-        <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
         <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
@@ -47,9 +47,11 @@
                 <version>0.6.1</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <protoSourceRoot>${basedir}/../../proto/</protoSourceRoot>
-                    <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
+                    <protocArtifact>
+                        com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
                     <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
-                    <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.49.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
+                    <pluginArtifact>
+                        io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.49.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
                 </configuration>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
diff --git a/java/udf-example/pom.xml b/java/udf-example/pom.xml
index 781d89db7bbe5..dd3e54aca1fa2 100644
--- a/java/udf-example/pom.xml
+++ b/java/udf-example/pom.xml
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
+  <!-- remove this section if you want to build the project independently -->
   <parent>
-    <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-    <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+    <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
-  <artifactId>udf-example</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+  <artifactId>risingwave-udf-example</artifactId>
+  <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
   <name>udf-example</name>
-  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
+  <url>https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/udf-java</url>
 
   <properties>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
@@ -26,9 +28,14 @@
 
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+      <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
       <artifactId>risingwave-udf</artifactId>
-      <version>0.0.1</version>
+      <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
+      <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
+      <version>2.10.1</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
@@ -37,7 +44,7 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>3.0.0-M6</version>
+        <version>3.0.0</version>
         <configuration>
           <argLine>--add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED</argLine>
         </configuration>
@@ -71,4 +78,4 @@
       </plugin>
     </plugins>
   </build>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/udf/README.md b/java/udf/README.md
index f963fa6b368e0..200b897b8b890 100644
--- a/java/udf/README.md
+++ b/java/udf/README.md
@@ -18,6 +18,19 @@ cd risingwave/java/udf
 mvn install
 ```
 
+Or you can add the following dependency to your `pom.xml` file:
+
+```xml
+<dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+        <artifactId>risingwave-udf</artifactId>
+        <version>0.1.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+</dependencies>
+```
+
+
 ## Creating a New Project
 
 > NOTE: You can also start from the [udf-example](../udf-example) project without creating the project from scratch.
@@ -41,9 +54,9 @@ Configure your `pom.xml` file as follows:
 
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+            <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
             <artifactId>risingwave-udf</artifactId>
-            <version>0.0.1</version>
+            <version>0.1.0</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 </project>
@@ -57,7 +70,7 @@ The `--add-opens` flag must be added when running unit tests through Maven:
         <plugin>
             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
             <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-            <version>3.0.0-M7</version>
+            <version>3.0.0</version>
             <configuration>
                 <argLine>--add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED</argLine>
             </configuration>
diff --git a/java/udf/pom.xml b/java/udf/pom.xml
index c589136b8b302..bdfa89ae6e628 100644
--- a/java/udf/pom.xml
+++ b/java/udf/pom.xml
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
+
+  <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
   <artifactId>risingwave-udf</artifactId>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
-  <version>0.0.1</version>
+  <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
   <parent>
-    <artifactId>java-parent</artifactId>
-    <groupId>com.risingwave.java</groupId>
-    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
+    <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
+    <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
-  <name>risingwave-udf</name>
-  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
-  <properties>
-    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
-    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
-  </properties>
+  <name>RisingWave Java UDF SDK</name>
+  <url>https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/udf-java</url>
 
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
@@ -29,17 +28,12 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
       <artifactId>arrow-vector</artifactId>
-      <version>12.0.0</version>
+      <version>13.0.0</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
       <artifactId>flight-core</artifactId>
-      <version>12.0.0</version>
-    </dependency>
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
-      <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
-      <version>2.10.1</version>
+      <version>13.0.0</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
@@ -61,4 +55,4 @@
       </extension>
     </extensions>
   </build>
-</project>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/udf/src/main/java/com/risingwave/functions/UdfServer.java b/java/udf/src/main/java/com/risingwave/functions/UdfServer.java
index ad2b5e1ac6b68..7d063a8d80d37 100644
--- a/java/udf/src/main/java/com/risingwave/functions/UdfServer.java
+++ b/java/udf/src/main/java/com/risingwave/functions/UdfServer.java
@@ -55,18 +55,30 @@ public void addFunction(String name, UserDefinedFunction udf) throws IllegalArgu
         this.producer.addFunction(name, udf);
     }
 
-    /** Start the server. */
+    /**
+     * Start the server.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if the server fails to start
+     */
     public void start() throws IOException {
         this.server.start();
         logger.info("listening on " + this.server.getLocation().toSocketAddress());
     }
 
-    /** Get the port the server is listening on. */
+    /**
+     * Get the port the server is listening on.
+     *
+     * @return the port number
+     */
     public int getPort() {
         return this.server.getPort();
     }
 
-    /** Wait for the server to terminate. */
+    /**
+     * Wait for the server to terminate.
+     *
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
+     */
     public void awaitTermination() throws InterruptedException {
         this.server.awaitTermination();
     }

From 959566712598d5b0ed139a99b4b039b0ddad4d3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 17:46:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 020/430] feat: disable some two phase agg (#12185)

---
 .../tests/testdata/input/nexmark_source.yaml  | 26 ++++++
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml | 79 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    | 32 ++++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    | 28 +++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs  |  9 +--
 .../optimizer/rule/agg_project_merge_rule.rs  | 41 +++++-----
 .../rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs          |  7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs   | 11 ++-
 .../rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs      |  5 +-
 .../optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs  |  3 +-
 10 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/nexmark_source.yaml
index 71c683c8ba142..a88a5d138a615 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -396,6 +396,32 @@
   - stream_dist_plan
   with_config_map:
     RW_FORCE_SPLIT_DISTINCT_AGG: 'true'
+- id: nexmark_q15_split_distinct_agg_and_force_two_phase
+  before:
+  - create_sources
+  sql: |
+    SELECT
+        TO_CHAR(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd') as day,
+        count(*) AS total_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_bids,
+        count(distinct bidder) AS total_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_bidders,
+        count(distinct auction) AS total_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_auctions
+    FROM bid
+    GROUP BY to_char(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
+  expected_outputs:
+  - stream_plan
+  - stream_dist_plan
+  with_config_map:
+    RW_FORCE_SPLIT_DISTINCT_AGG: 'true'
+    RW_FORCE_TWO_PHASE_AGG: 'true'
 - id: nexmark_q16
   before:
   - create_sources
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index f95405ca3d124..8a96d59de67bd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -1147,6 +1147,85 @@
 
   with_config_map:
     RW_FORCE_SPLIT_DISTINCT_AGG: 'true'
+- id: nexmark_q15_split_distinct_agg_and_force_two_phase
+  before:
+  - create_sources
+  sql: |
+    SELECT
+        TO_CHAR(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd') as day,
+        count(*) AS total_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_bids,
+        count(*) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_bids,
+        count(distinct bidder) AS total_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_bidders,
+        count(distinct bidder) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_bidders,
+        count(distinct auction) AS total_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price < 10000) AS rank1_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price >= 10000 and price < 1000000) AS rank2_auctions,
+        count(distinct auction) filter (where price >= 1000000) AS rank3_auctions
+    FROM bid
+    GROUP BY to_char(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)))] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+                └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
+                  └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bidder], [$expr1, auction]] }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, price, bidder, auction, _row_id] }
+                      └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+                        └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+  stream_dist_plan: |+
+    Fragment 0
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)))] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), count] }
+            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── state tables: []
+            ├── distinct tables: []
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
+
+    Fragment 1
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] } { result table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
+
+    Fragment 2
+    StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bidder], [$expr1, auction]] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, price, bidder, auction, _row_id] }
+        └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+            └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 3 }
+
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ $expr1, sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ $expr1, $expr2, sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]
+    ├── distribution key: []
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    └── vnode column idx: 1
+
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+
+    Table 3 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+
+  with_config_map:
+    RW_FORCE_SPLIT_DISTINCT_AGG: 'true'
+    RW_FORCE_TWO_PHASE_AGG: 'true'
 - id: nexmark_q16
   before:
   - create_sources
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 63bde692af617..48f36e2c1dd36 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ pub struct Agg<PlanRef> {
     pub group_key: IndexSet,
     pub grouping_sets: Vec<IndexSet>,
     pub input: PlanRef,
+    pub enable_two_phase: bool,
 }
 
 impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn two_phase_agg_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        self.ctx().session_ctx().config().get_enable_two_phase_agg()
+        self.enable_two_phase
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn can_two_phase_agg(&self) -> bool {
@@ -136,26 +137,28 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     pub fn new(agg_calls: Vec<PlanAggCall>, group_key: IndexSet, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
+        let enable_two_phase = input
+            .ctx()
+            .session_ctx()
+            .config()
+            .get_enable_two_phase_agg();
         Self {
             agg_calls,
             group_key,
             input,
             grouping_sets: vec![],
+            enable_two_phase,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new_with_grouping_sets(
-        agg_calls: Vec<PlanAggCall>,
-        group_key: IndexSet,
-        grouping_sets: Vec<IndexSet>,
-        input: PlanRef,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            agg_calls,
-            group_key,
-            grouping_sets,
-            input,
-        }
+    pub fn with_grouping_sets(mut self, grouping_sets: Vec<IndexSet>) -> Self {
+        self.grouping_sets = grouping_sets;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_enable_two_phase(mut self, enable_two_phase: bool) -> Self {
+        self.enable_two_phase = enable_two_phase;
+        self
     }
 }
 
@@ -551,12 +554,13 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    pub fn decompose(self) -> (Vec<PlanAggCall>, IndexSet, Vec<IndexSet>, PlanRef) {
+    pub fn decompose(self) -> (Vec<PlanAggCall>, IndexSet, Vec<IndexSet>, PlanRef, bool) {
         (
             self.agg_calls,
             self.group_key,
             self.grouping_sets,
             self.input,
+            self.enable_two_phase,
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index 4387c8f4f89f3..a2099b7d33f81 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -361,13 +361,9 @@ impl LogicalAggBuilder {
         let logical_project = LogicalProject::with_core(self.input_proj_builder.build(input));
 
         // This LogicalAgg focuses on calculating the aggregates and grouping.
-        Agg::new_with_grouping_sets(
-            self.agg_calls,
-            self.group_key,
-            self.grouping_sets,
-            logical_project.into(),
-        )
-        .into()
+        Agg::new(self.agg_calls, self.group_key, logical_project.into())
+            .with_grouping_sets(self.grouping_sets)
+            .into()
     }
 
     fn rewrite_with_error(&mut self, expr: ExprImpl) -> Result<ExprImpl> {
@@ -831,7 +827,7 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
         &self.core.grouping_sets
     }
 
-    pub fn decompose(self) -> (Vec<PlanAggCall>, IndexSet, Vec<IndexSet>, PlanRef) {
+    pub fn decompose(self) -> (Vec<PlanAggCall>, IndexSet, Vec<IndexSet>, PlanRef, bool) {
         self.core.decompose()
     }
 
@@ -870,8 +866,9 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
             .map(|set| set.indices().map(|key| input_col_change.map(key)).collect())
             .collect();
 
-        let new_agg =
-            Agg::new_with_grouping_sets(agg_calls, group_key.clone(), grouping_sets, input);
+        let new_agg = Agg::new(agg_calls, group_key.clone(), input)
+            .with_grouping_sets(grouping_sets)
+            .with_enable_two_phase(self.core().enable_two_phase);
 
         // group_key remapping might cause an output column change, since group key actually is a
         // `FixedBitSet`.
@@ -896,13 +893,10 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for LogicalAgg {
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        Agg::new_with_grouping_sets(
-            self.agg_calls().to_vec(),
-            self.group_key().clone(),
-            self.grouping_sets().clone(),
-            input,
-        )
-        .into()
+        Agg::new(self.agg_calls().to_vec(), self.group_key().clone(), input)
+            .with_grouping_sets(self.grouping_sets().clone())
+            .with_enable_two_phase(self.core().enable_two_phase)
+            .into()
     }
 
     #[must_use]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
index e21b39088315e..38ef55405693b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
@@ -125,11 +125,10 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalUnion {
         // Convert union to union all + agg
         if !self.all() {
             let batch_union = BatchUnion::new(new_logical).into();
-            Ok(BatchHashAgg::new(generic::Agg::new(
-                vec![],
-                (0..self.base.schema.len()).collect(),
-                batch_union,
-            ))
+            Ok(BatchHashAgg::new(
+                generic::Agg::new(vec![], (0..self.base.schema.len()).collect(), batch_union)
+                    .with_enable_two_phase(false),
+            )
             .into())
         } else {
             Ok(BatchUnion::new(new_logical).into())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_project_merge_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_project_merge_rule.rs
index 3c6056e2db279..3f58b1af7c6d5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_project_merge_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_project_merge_rule.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::Agg;
 use crate::utils::IndexSet;
 
 /// Merge [`LogicalAgg`] <- [`LogicalProject`] to [`LogicalAgg`].
@@ -24,31 +23,33 @@ pub struct AggProjectMergeRule {}
 impl Rule for AggProjectMergeRule {
     fn apply(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> Option<PlanRef> {
         let agg = plan.as_logical_agg()?;
-        let (mut agg_calls, agg_group_keys, grouping_sets, input) = agg.clone().decompose();
-        assert!(grouping_sets.is_empty());
-        let proj = input.as_logical_project()?;
-
+        let agg = agg.core().clone();
+        assert!(agg.grouping_sets.is_empty());
+        let old_input = agg.input.clone();
+        let proj = old_input.as_logical_project()?;
         // only apply when the input proj is all input-ref
         if !proj.is_all_inputref() {
             return None;
         }
-
         let proj_o2i = proj.o2i_col_mapping();
-        let new_input = proj.input();
-
-        // modify agg calls according to projection
-        agg_calls
-            .iter_mut()
-            .for_each(|x| x.rewrite_input_index(proj_o2i.clone()));
 
         // modify group key according to projection
-        let new_agg_group_keys_in_vec = agg_group_keys
+        let new_agg_group_keys_in_vec = agg
+            .group_key
             .indices()
             .map(|x| proj_o2i.map(x))
             .collect_vec();
-
         let new_agg_group_keys = IndexSet::from_iter(new_agg_group_keys_in_vec.clone());
 
+        let mut agg = agg;
+        agg.input = proj.input();
+        // modify agg calls according to projection
+        agg.agg_calls
+            .iter_mut()
+            .for_each(|x| x.rewrite_input_index(proj_o2i.clone()));
+        agg.group_key = new_agg_group_keys.clone();
+        agg.input = proj.input();
+
         if new_agg_group_keys.to_vec() != new_agg_group_keys_in_vec {
             // Need a project
             let new_agg_group_keys_cardinality = new_agg_group_keys.len();
@@ -57,17 +58,11 @@ impl Rule for AggProjectMergeRule {
                 .map(|x| new_agg_group_keys.indices().position(|y| y == x).unwrap())
                 .chain(
                     new_agg_group_keys_cardinality
-                        ..new_agg_group_keys_cardinality + agg_calls.len(),
+                        ..new_agg_group_keys_cardinality + agg.agg_calls.len(),
                 );
-            Some(
-                LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(
-                    Agg::new(agg_calls, new_agg_group_keys.clone(), new_input).into(),
-                    out_col_idx,
-                )
-                .into(),
-            )
+            Some(LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(agg.into(), out_col_idx).into())
         } else {
-            Some(Agg::new(agg_calls, new_agg_group_keys, new_input).into())
+            Some(agg.into())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
index 8781ca58b5ae8..78aa5affd509c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ impl Rule for ApplyAggTransposeRule {
             apply.clone().decompose();
         assert_eq!(join_type, JoinType::Inner);
         let agg: &LogicalAgg = right.as_logical_agg()?;
-        let (mut agg_calls, agg_group_key, grouping_sets, agg_input) = agg.clone().decompose();
+        let (mut agg_calls, agg_group_key, grouping_sets, agg_input, enable_two_phase) =
+            agg.clone().decompose();
         assert!(grouping_sets.is_empty());
         let is_scalar_agg = agg_group_key.is_empty();
         let apply_left_len = left.schema().len();
@@ -147,7 +148,9 @@ impl Rule for ApplyAggTransposeRule {
             }
             let mut group_keys: IndexSet = (0..apply_left_len).collect();
             group_keys.extend(agg_group_key.indices().map(|key| key + apply_left_len));
-            Agg::new(agg_calls, group_keys, node).into()
+            Agg::new(agg_calls, group_keys, node)
+                .with_enable_two_phase(enable_two_phase)
+                .into()
         };
 
         let filter = LogicalFilter::create(group_agg, on);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
index b7f9a5f902109..cc3273e726ee1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ pub struct DistinctAggRule {
 impl Rule for DistinctAggRule {
     fn apply(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> Option<PlanRef> {
         let agg: &LogicalAgg = plan.as_logical_agg()?;
-        let (mut agg_calls, mut agg_group_keys, grouping_sets, input) = agg.clone().decompose();
+        let (mut agg_calls, mut agg_group_keys, grouping_sets, input, enable_two_phase) =
+            agg.clone().decompose();
         assert!(grouping_sets.is_empty());
 
         if agg_calls.iter().all(|c| !c.distinct) {
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ impl Rule for DistinctAggRule {
             agg_calls,
             flag_values,
             has_expand,
+            enable_two_phase,
         ))
     }
 }
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ impl DistinctAggRule {
             // append `flag`.
             group_keys.insert(project.schema().len() - 1);
         }
-        Agg::new(agg_calls, group_keys, project)
+        Agg::new(agg_calls, group_keys, project).with_enable_two_phase(false)
     }
 
     fn build_final_agg(
@@ -246,6 +248,7 @@ impl DistinctAggRule {
         mut agg_calls: Vec<PlanAggCall>,
         flag_values: Vec<usize>,
         has_expand: bool,
+        enable_two_phase: bool,
     ) -> PlanRef {
         // the index of `flag` in schema of the middle `LogicalAgg`, if has `Expand`.
         let pos_of_flag = mid_agg.group_key.len() - 1;
@@ -322,6 +325,8 @@ impl DistinctAggRule {
             }
         });
 
-        Agg::new(agg_calls, final_agg_group_keys, mid_agg.into()).into()
+        Agg::new(agg_calls, final_agg_group_keys, mid_agg.into())
+            .with_enable_two_phase(enable_two_phase)
+            .into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
index 2073743c90c17..a15ccc19ffb71 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl Rule for GroupingSetsToExpandRule {
             return None;
         }
         let agg = Self::prune_column_for_agg(agg);
-        let (agg_calls, mut group_keys, grouping_sets, input) = agg.decompose();
+        let (agg_calls, mut group_keys, grouping_sets, input, enable_two_phase) = agg.decompose();
 
         let flag_col_idx = group_keys.len();
         let input_schema_len = input.schema().len();
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ impl Rule for GroupingSetsToExpandRule {
             }
         }
 
-        let new_agg = Agg::new(new_agg_calls, group_keys, expand);
+        let new_agg =
+            Agg::new(new_agg_calls, group_keys, expand).with_enable_two_phase(enable_two_phase);
         let project_exprs = (0..flag_col_idx)
             .map(|i| {
                 ExprImpl::InputRef(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
index bd4764fe04f1e..2a12f6b712e0d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ impl Rule for UnionToDistinctRule {
         let union: &LogicalUnion = plan.as_logical_union()?;
         if !union.all() {
             let union_all = LogicalUnion::create(true, union.inputs().into_iter().collect());
-            let distinct = Agg::new(vec![], (0..union.base.schema.len()).collect(), union_all);
+            let distinct = Agg::new(vec![], (0..union.base.schema.len()).collect(), union_all)
+                .with_enable_two_phase(false);
             Some(distinct.into())
         } else {
             None

From 0ef3cee6f3c3efbf5f188aa8de6f1f6ad0828acd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 17:51:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 021/430] fix(test): set correct row per second (#12213)

---
 src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/agg.toml             | 2 +-
 src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/join.toml            | 4 ++--
 src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/temporal_filter.toml | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/agg.toml b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/agg.toml
index 921908bc73fed..926fc4276b8b1 100644
--- a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/agg.toml
+++ b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/agg.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ init_sqls = [
         WATERMARK FOR created_at AS created_at - interval '9' second
     ) APPEND ONLY WITH (
         connector = 'datagen',
-        rows_per_second = 100,
+        datagen.rows.per.second = 100,
         datagen.split.num = 16,
         fields.created_at.max_past_mode = 'relative',
         fields.created_at.max_past = '10s',
diff --git a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/join.toml b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/join.toml
index 76d5379231c99..f03600acdfdfd 100644
--- a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/join.toml
+++ b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/join.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ init_sqls = [
         WATERMARK FOR created_at AS created_at - interval '9' second
     ) APPEND ONLY WITH (
         connector = 'datagen',
-        rows_per_second = 100,
+        datagen.rows.per.second = 100,
         datagen.split.num = 16,
         fields.created_at.max_past_mode = 'relative',
         fields.created_at.max_past = '10s',
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ init_sqls = [
         WATERMARK FOR created_at AS created_at - interval '9' second
     ) APPEND ONLY WITH (
         connector = 'datagen',
-        rows_per_second = 200,
+        datagen.rows.per.second = 200,
         datagen.split.num = 16,
         fields.created_at.max_past_mode = 'relative',
         fields.created_at.max_past = '10s',
diff --git a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/temporal_filter.toml b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/temporal_filter.toml
index 043bb852a7667..6010dc0e12607 100644
--- a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/temporal_filter.toml
+++ b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/data/temporal_filter.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ init_sqls = [
         WATERMARK FOR created_at AS created_at - interval '9' second
     ) APPEND ONLY WITH (
         connector = 'datagen',
-        rows_per_second = 200,
+        datagen.rows.per.second = 200,
         datagen.split.num = 16,
         fields.created_at.max_past_mode = 'relative',
         fields.created_at.max_past = '10s',

From 7078959cd0de5c6f52a7867d0efd85c7eb2dda15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huangjw <1223644280@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 18:10:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 022/430] chore: remove ci main workflow (#12232)

---
 ci/workflows/docker.yml    |   7 +-
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml | 111 ++++++++++
 ci/workflows/main.yml      | 429 -------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 433 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 ci/workflows/main.yml

diff --git a/ci/workflows/docker.yml b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
index 3fe1cb5db67e5..91b3dadfcf28a 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ steps:
             DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "pre build binary"
+  - label: "release"
     command: "ci/scripts/release.sh"
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
@@ -53,10 +53,9 @@ steps:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: release-env
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          propagate-environment: true
           environment:
             - BINARY_NAME
-            - BUILDKITE_SOURCE
             - GITHUB_TOKEN
-            - BUILDKITE_COMMIT
-            - BUILDKITE_TAG
     retry: *auto-retry
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index adb2291d23dc8..ca4da72794b14 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -68,6 +68,40 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 60
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel) (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "docslt"
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-sqllogictest-token
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - test-collector#v1.0.0:
+          files: "*-junit.xml"
+          format: "junit"
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel, in-memory) (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-in-memory.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "docslt"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
   - label: "end-to-end source test (release)"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh -p ci-release"
     depends_on:
@@ -82,6 +116,20 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 15
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  - label: "end-to-end sink test (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: sink-test-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 35
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
   - label: "fuzz test"
     command: "ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh -p ci-release"
     depends_on:
@@ -197,6 +245,69 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 5
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
+    command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-release -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    matrix:
+      setup:
+        java_version:
+          - "11"
+          - "17"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink v2 test (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "e2e java-binding test (release)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    # Extra 2 minutes to account for docker-compose latency.
+    # See: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/9423#issuecomment-1521222169
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
   - label: "S3 source check on AWS (json parser)"
     command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s run"
     depends_on: build
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main.yml b/ci/workflows/main.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index b02e4ba147ffd..0000000000000
--- a/ci/workflows/main.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,429 +0,0 @@
-auto-retry: &auto-retry
-  automatic:
-    # Agent terminated because the AWS EC2 spot instance killed by AWS.
-    - signal_reason: agent_stop
-      limit: 3
-
-steps:
-  - label: "build (dev mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/build.sh -p ci-dev"
-    key: "build-dev"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "build (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/build.sh -p ci-release"
-    key: "build-release"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-          env:
-            - BUILDKITE_COMMIT
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "build other components"
-    command: "ci/scripts/build-other.sh"
-    key: "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-          environment:
-            - GITHUB_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 12
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/build-simulation.sh"
-    key: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "docslt"
-    command: "ci/scripts/docslt.sh"
-    key: "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (dev mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-dev -m ci-3streaming-2serving-3fe"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-dev"
-      - "build-other"
-      - "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-sqllogictest-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - test-collector#v1.0.0:
-          files: "*-junit.xml"
-          format: "junit"
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-release -m ci-3streaming-2serving-3fe"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-      - "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-sqllogictest-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - test-collector#v1.0.0:
-          files: "*-junit.xml"
-          format: "junit"
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel) (dev mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel.sh -p ci-dev"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-dev"
-      - "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-sqllogictest-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - test-collector#v1.0.0:
-          files: "*-junit.xml"
-          format: "junit"
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel) (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-sqllogictest-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - test-collector#v1.0.0:
-          files: "*-junit.xml"
-          format: "junit"
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel, in-memory) (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-in-memory.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "docslt"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end source test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: source-test-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "unit test"
-    command: "ci/scripts/pr-unit-test.sh"
-    plugins:
-      - ./ci/plugins/swapfile
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            CODECOV_TOKEN: my-codecov-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          environment:
-            - CODECOV_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "unit test (deterministic simulation)"
-    command: "MADSIM_TEST_NUM=50 ci/scripts/deterministic-unit-test.sh"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "integration test (deterministic simulation) - scale"
-    command: "TEST_NUM=30 ci/scripts/deterministic-it-test.sh scale::"
-    depends_on: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 40
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "integration test (deterministic simulation) - recovery"
-    command: "TEST_NUM=30 ci/scripts/deterministic-it-test.sh recovery::"
-    depends_on: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 40
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "integration test (deterministic simulation) - others"
-    command: "TEST_NUM=10 ci/scripts/deterministic-it-test.sh backfill_tests:: storage:: sink::"
-    depends_on: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 40
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end test (deterministic simulation)"
-    command: "TEST_NUM=32 ci/scripts/deterministic-e2e-test.sh"
-    depends_on: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-          environment:
-            - GITHUB_TOKEN
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 30
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "recovery test (deterministic simulation)"
-    command: "TEST_NUM=16 KILL_RATE=0.5 ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh"
-    depends_on: "build-simulation"
-    plugins:
-      # - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-      #     env:
-      #       BUILDKITE_ANALYTICS_TOKEN: buildkite-build-analytics-deterministic-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      # - test-collector#v1.0.0:
-      #     files: "*-junit.xml"
-      #     format: "junit"
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 30
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end sink test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: sink-test-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 35
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
-    command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-release -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    matrix:
-      setup:
-        java_version:
-          - "11"
-          - "17"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink v2 test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end clickhouse sink test (release mode)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-clickhouse-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: sink-test-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "e2e java-binding test (at release)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-release"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    # Extra 2 minutes to account for docker-compose latency.
-    # See: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/9423#issuecomment-1521222169
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "release"
-    command: "ci/scripts/release.sh"
-    if: build.tag != null
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: release-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-          environment:
-            - GITHUB_TOKEN
-            - BUILDKITE_TAG
-            - BUILDKITE_SOURCE
-    timeout_in_minutes: 60
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "release docker image: amd64"
-    command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
-    key: "build-amd64"
-    if: build.tag != null
-    env:
-      PUSH: true
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
-            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
-            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
-            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
-    timeout_in_minutes: 60
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "docker-build-push: aarch64"
-    command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
-    key: "build-aarch64"
-    if: build.tag != null
-    env:
-      PUSH: true
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
-            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
-            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
-            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
-    timeout_in_minutes: 60
-    agents:
-      queue: "linux-arm64"
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "multi arch image create push"
-    command: "ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh"
-    if: build.tag != null
-    depends_on:
-      - "build-amd64"
-      - "build-aarch64"
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
-            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
-            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry

From 62901e1094dd2ed7b1298072af09f2f9da5a3f91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 18:30:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 023/430] feat(connector): init embedded connector node
 (#12122)

Co-authored-by: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  15 +
 ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh                 |   1 +
 docker/Dockerfile                             |   2 +
 docker/Dockerfile.hdfs                        |   2 +
 java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h    |   8 +
 .../source/core/DbzCdcEngineRunner.java       |  27 ++
 .../source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java      | 107 +++++++
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java  |   9 +-
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   2 +
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |  88 +++---
 src/java_binding/src/lib.rs                   |   5 -
 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs               | 284 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       |  44 ++-
 src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs            |   6 +
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   2 +
 15 files changed, 561 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
 create mode 100644 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 5d8c2132144d0..ab1d0077c8386 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3846,6 +3846,16 @@ version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "af150ab688ff2122fcef229be89cb50dd66af9e01a4ff320cc137eecc9bacc38"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "java-locator"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "90003f2fd9c52f212c21d8520f1128da0080bad6fff16b68fe6e7f2f0c3780c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "glob",
+ "lazy_static",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "jni"
 version = "0.21.1"
@@ -3855,7 +3865,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "cesu8",
  "cfg-if",
  "combine",
+ "java-locator",
  "jni-sys",
+ "libloading",
  "log",
  "thiserror",
  "walkdir",
@@ -6890,6 +6902,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper-tls",
  "icelake",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "jni",
  "jsonschema-transpiler",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
@@ -6913,6 +6926,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "reqwest",
  "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_jni_core",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
  "rust_decimal",
@@ -10102,6 +10116,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "jni",
  "lexical-core",
  "lexical-parse-float",
  "lexical-parse-integer",
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
index 3dc25892a4615..246e92c391776 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ source ci/scripts/common.sh
 
 # prepare environment
 export CONNECTOR_RPC_ENDPOINT="localhost:50051"
+export CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH="./connector-node/libs"
 
 while getopts 'p:' opt; do
     case ${opt} in
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index c665735a07718..1e467d4feac2e 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/jeprof /usr/local/bin/jeprof
 ENV PLAYGROUND_PROFILE docker-playground
 # Set default dashboard UI to local path instead of github proxy
 ENV RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH /risingwave/ui
+# Set default connector libs path
+ENV CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH /risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/risingwave/bin/risingwave" ]
 CMD [ "playground" ]
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
index b312438ba80ee..7d22f7b516d48 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ ENV CLASSPATH ${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}:${CLASSPATH}
 ENV PLAYGROUND_PROFILE docker-playground
 # Set default dashboard UI to local path instead of github proxy
 ENV RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH /risingwave/ui
+# Set default connector libs path
+ENV CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH /risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/risingwave/hdfs_env.sh" ]
 CMD [ "playground" ]
diff --git a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
index c2c027ed22b58..a3e9aa95ec84e 100644
--- a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
+++ b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
@@ -223,6 +223,14 @@ JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkItera
 JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorFromPretty
   (JNIEnv *, jclass, jstring);
 
+/*
+ * Class:     com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding
+ * Method:    sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel
+ * Signature: (J[B)Z
+ */
+JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel
+  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong, jbyteArray);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEngineRunner.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEngineRunner.java
index e9fef6e869c04..ba9511b02303b 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEngineRunner.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEngineRunner.java
@@ -70,6 +70,33 @@ public static CdcEngineRunner newCdcEngineRunner(
         return runner;
     }
 
+    public static CdcEngineRunner newCdcEngineRunner(DbzConnectorConfig config) {
+        DbzCdcEngineRunner runner = null;
+        try {
+            var sourceId = config.getSourceId();
+            var engine =
+                    new DbzCdcEngine(
+                            config.getSourceId(),
+                            config.getResolvedDebeziumProps(),
+                            (success, message, error) -> {
+                                if (!success) {
+                                    LOG.error(
+                                            "engine#{} terminated with error. message: {}",
+                                            sourceId,
+                                            message,
+                                            error);
+                                } else {
+                                    LOG.info("engine#{} stopped normally. {}", sourceId, message);
+                                }
+                            });
+
+            runner = new DbzCdcEngineRunner(engine);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("failed to create the CDC engine", e);
+        }
+        return runner;
+    }
+
     /** Start to run the cdc engine */
     public void start() {
         if (isRunning()) {
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b590fdf3da8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector.source.core;
+
+import com.risingwave.connector.api.source.SourceTypeE;
+import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.DbzConnectorConfig;
+import com.risingwave.java.binding.Binding;
+import com.risingwave.metrics.ConnectorNodeMetrics;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/** handler for starting a debezium source connectors for jni */
+public class JniDbzSourceHandler {
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DbzSourceHandler.class);
+
+    private final DbzConnectorConfig config;
+
+    public JniDbzSourceHandler(DbzConnectorConfig config) {
+        this.config = config;
+    }
+
+    public static void runJniDbzSourceThread(byte[] getEventStreamRequestBytes, long channelPtr)
+            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        var request =
+                ConnectorServiceProto.GetEventStreamRequest.parseFrom(getEventStreamRequestBytes);
+
+        // For jni.rs
+        java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
+                .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
+        // userProps extracted from request, underlying implementation is UnmodifiableMap
+        Map<String, String> mutableUserProps = new HashMap<>(request.getPropertiesMap());
+        mutableUserProps.put("source.id", Long.toString(request.getSourceId()));
+        var config =
+                new DbzConnectorConfig(
+                        SourceTypeE.valueOf(request.getSourceType()),
+                        request.getSourceId(),
+                        request.getStartOffset(),
+                        mutableUserProps,
+                        request.getSnapshotDone());
+        JniDbzSourceHandler handler = new JniDbzSourceHandler(config);
+        handler.start(channelPtr);
+    }
+
+    public void start(long channelPtr) {
+        var runner = DbzCdcEngineRunner.newCdcEngineRunner(config);
+        if (runner == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Start the engine
+            runner.start();
+            LOG.info("Start consuming events of table {}", config.getSourceId());
+
+            while (runner.isRunning()) {
+                // check whether the send queue has room for new messages
+                // Thread will block on the channel to get output from engine
+                var resp = runner.getEngine().getOutputChannel().poll(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                boolean success;
+                if (resp != null) {
+                    ConnectorNodeMetrics.incSourceRowsReceived(
+                            config.getSourceType().toString(),
+                            String.valueOf(config.getSourceId()),
+                            resp.getEventsCount());
+                    LOG.info(
+                            "Engine#{}: emit one chunk {} events to network ",
+                            config.getSourceId(),
+                            resp.getEventsCount());
+                    success = Binding.sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(channelPtr, resp.toByteArray());
+                } else {
+                    // If resp is null means just check whether channel is closed.
+                    success = Binding.sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(channelPtr, null);
+                }
+                if (!success) {
+                    LOG.info(
+                            "Engine#{}: JNI sender broken detected, stop the engine",
+                            config.getSourceId());
+                    runner.stop();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            LOG.error("Cdc engine failed.", t);
+            try {
+                runner.stop();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warn("Failed to stop Engine#{}", config.getSourceId(), e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
index 3f05768ec74b8..4a79033b147a8 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@
 import io.questdb.jar.jni.JarJniLoader;
 
 public class Binding {
+    private static final boolean IS_EMBEDDED_CONNECTOR =
+            Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("is_embedded_connector"));
+
     static {
-        JarJniLoader.loadLib(Binding.class, "/risingwave/jni", "risingwave_java_binding");
+        if (!IS_EMBEDDED_CONNECTOR) {
+            JarJniLoader.loadLib(Binding.class, "/risingwave/jni", "risingwave_java_binding");
+        }
     }
 
     public static native int vnodeCount();
@@ -84,4 +89,6 @@ public class Binding {
     static native void streamChunkIteratorClose(long pointer);
 
     static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
+
+    public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 33e32c5685113..c834452352f5f 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ hyper = "0.14"
 hyper-tls = "0.5"
 icelake = { workspace = true }
 itertools = "0.11"
+jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
 jsonschema-transpiler = "1.10.0"
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ rdkafka = { workspace = true, features = [
 ] }
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_jni_core = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 rust_decimal = "1"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index 974ec8877d2f6..6c76d838af128 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -13,13 +13,19 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use futures::pin_mut;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use jni::objects::JValue;
+use prost::Message;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::GetEventStreamResponse;
+use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::JVM;
+use risingwave_jni_core::GetEventStreamJniSender;
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{GetEventStreamRequest, GetEventStreamResponse};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 use crate::source::base::SourceMessage;
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ pub struct CdcSplitReader<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
     source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
 }
 
+const DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 16;
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T>
 where
@@ -99,10 +107,6 @@ where
 {
     #[try_stream(ok = Vec<SourceMessage>, error = anyhow::Error)]
     async fn into_data_stream(self) {
-        let cdc_client = self.source_ctx.connector_client.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
-            anyhow!("connector node endpoint not specified or unable to connect to connector node")
-        })?;
-
         // rewrite the hostname and port for the split
         let mut properties = self.conn_props.props.clone();
 
@@ -121,38 +125,54 @@ where
             properties.insert("table.name".into(), table_name);
         }
 
-        let cdc_stream = cdc_client
-            .start_source_stream(
-                self.source_id,
-                self.conn_props.get_source_type_pb(),
-                self.start_offset,
-                properties,
-                self.snapshot_done,
-            )
-            .await
-            .inspect_err(|err| tracing::error!("connector node start stream error: {}", err))?;
-        pin_mut!(cdc_stream);
-        #[for_await]
-        for event_res in cdc_stream {
-            match event_res {
-                Ok(GetEventStreamResponse { events, .. }) => {
-                    if events.is_empty() {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    let mut msgs = Vec::with_capacity(events.len());
-                    for event in events {
-                        msgs.push(SourceMessage::from(event));
-                    }
-                    yield msgs;
+        let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+
+        LazyLock::force(&JVM).as_ref()?;
+
+        let get_event_stream_request = GetEventStreamRequest {
+            source_id: self.source_id,
+            source_type: self.conn_props.get_source_type_pb() as _,
+            start_offset: self.start_offset.unwrap_or_default(),
+            properties,
+            snapshot_done: self.snapshot_done,
+        };
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut env = JVM
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap()
+                .attach_current_thread_as_daemon()
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let get_event_stream_request_bytes = env
+                .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&get_event_stream_request))
+                .unwrap();
+            let result = env.call_static_method(
+                "com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler",
+                "runJniDbzSourceThread",
+                "([BJ)V",
+                &[
+                    JValue::Object(&get_event_stream_request_bytes),
+                    JValue::from(&tx as *const GetEventStreamJniSender as i64),
+                ],
+            );
+
+            match result {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    tracing::info!("end of jni call runJniDbzSourceThread");
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
-                    return Err(anyhow!(
-                        "Cdc service error: code {}, msg {}",
-                        e.code(),
-                        e.message()
-                    ))
+                    tracing::error!("jni call error: {:?}", e);
                 }
             }
+        });
+
+        while let Some(GetEventStreamResponse { events, .. }) = rx.recv().await {
+            tracing::debug!("receive events {:?}", events.len());
+            let msgs = events.into_iter().map(SourceMessage::from).collect_vec();
+            yield msgs;
         }
+
+        Err(anyhow!("all senders are dropped"))?;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs b/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
index 12a3c59fc829f..aa7e564ed1ace 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,4 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
-#![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![feature(once_cell_try)]
-#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
-
 pub use risingwave_jni_core::*;
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5559abd3ffa3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use core::option::Option::Some;
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use jni::strings::JNIString;
+use jni::{InitArgsBuilder, JNIVersion, JavaVM, NativeMethod};
+use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
+use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes;
+
+pub static JVM: LazyLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let libs_path = if let Ok(libs_path) = std::env::var("CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH") {
+        libs_path
+    } else {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(
+            "environment variable CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH is not specified".to_string(),
+        )
+        .into());
+    };
+
+    let dir = Path::new(&libs_path);
+
+    if !dir.is_dir() {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
+            "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\" is not a directory",
+            libs_path
+        ))
+        .into());
+    }
+
+    let mut class_vec = vec![];
+
+    if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) {
+        for entry in entries.flatten() {
+            let entry_path = entry.path();
+            if entry_path.file_name().is_some() {
+                let path = std::fs::canonicalize(entry_path)?;
+                class_vec.push(path.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
+            "failed to read CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\"",
+            libs_path
+        ))
+        .into());
+    }
+
+    let jvm_heap_size = if let Ok(heap_size) = std::env::var("JVM_HEAP_SIZE") {
+        heap_size
+    } else {
+        // Use 10% of total memory by default
+        format!("{}", total_memory_available_bytes() / 10)
+    };
+
+    // Build the VM properties
+    let args_builder = InitArgsBuilder::new()
+        // Pass the JNI API version (default is 8)
+        .version(JNIVersion::V8)
+        .option("-ea")
+        .option("-Dis_embedded_connector=true")
+        .option(format!("-Djava.class.path={}", class_vec.join(":")))
+        .option(format!("-Xmx{}", jvm_heap_size));
+
+    tracing::info!("JVM args: {:?}", args_builder);
+    let jvm_args = args_builder.build().unwrap();
+
+    // Create a new VM
+    let jvm = match JavaVM::new(jvm_args) {
+        Err(err) => {
+            tracing::error!("fail to new JVM {:?}", err);
+            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError("fail to new JVM".to_string()).into());
+        }
+        Ok(jvm) => jvm,
+    };
+
+    tracing::info!("initialize JVM successfully");
+
+    register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm);
+
+    Ok(jvm)
+});
+
+fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) {
+    let mut env = jvm
+        .attach_current_thread()
+        .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm attach thread error: {:?}", e))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let binding_class = env
+        .find_class("com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding")
+        .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm find class error: {:?}", e))
+        .unwrap();
+    env.register_native_methods(
+        binding_class,
+        &[
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("vnodeCount"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("()I"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorNew"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("([B)J"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNew
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorNext"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)J"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNext
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorClose"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorClose
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetKey"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)[B"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetKey as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetOp"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)I"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetOp as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowIsNull"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Z"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowIsNull as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt16Value"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)S"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt16Value
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt32Value"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)I"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt32Value
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt64Value"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)J"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt64Value
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetFloatValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)F"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetFloatValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDoubleValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)D"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDoubleValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetBooleanValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Z"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetBooleanValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetStringValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetStringValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetTimestampValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Timestamp;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDecimalValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/math/BigDecimal;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDecimalValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetTimeValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Time;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimeValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDateValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Date;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDateValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetIntervalValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetIntervalValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetJsonbValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetJsonbValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetByteaValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)[B"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetByteaValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowGetArrayValue"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(JILjava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetArrayValue
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("rowClose"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowClose as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorNew"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("([B)J"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNew
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorNext"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)J"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNext
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorClose"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorClose
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorFromPretty"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(Ljava/lang/String;)J"),
+                fn_ptr:
+                    crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorFromPretty
+                        as *mut c_void,
+            },
+            NativeMethod {
+                name: JNIString::from("sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel"),
+                sig: JNIString::from("(J[B)Z"),
+                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel
+                    as *mut c_void,
+            },
+        ],
+    )
+    .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm register native methods error: {:?}", e))
+    .unwrap();
+
+    tracing::info!("register native methods for jvm successfully");
+}
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index be350ae57a460..a8f0e5a683e35 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 
 pub mod hummock_iterator;
+pub mod jvm_runtime;
 pub mod stream_chunk_iterator;
 
 use std::backtrace::Backtrace;
@@ -33,7 +34,9 @@ use jni::objects::{
     JValue, JValueGen, JValueOwned, ReleaseMode,
 };
 use jni::signature::ReturnType;
-use jni::sys::{jboolean, jbyte, jdouble, jfloat, jint, jlong, jshort, jsize, jvalue};
+use jni::sys::{
+    jboolean, jbyte, jdouble, jfloat, jint, jlong, jshort, jsize, jvalue, JNI_FALSE, JNI_TRUE,
+};
 use jni::JNIEnv;
 use prost::{DecodeError, Message};
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, StreamChunk};
@@ -293,6 +296,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount(
     VirtualNode::COUNT as jint
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNew<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
@@ -305,6 +309,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorN
     })
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNext<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
@@ -822,6 +827,43 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowClose<'a>(
     pointer.drop()
 }
 
+/// Send messages to the channel received by `CdcSplitReader`.
+/// If msg is null, just check whether the channel is closed.
+/// Return true if sending is successful, otherwise, return false so that caller can stop
+/// gracefully.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel<'a>(
+    env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    channel: Pointer<'a, GetEventStreamJniSender>,
+    msg: JByteArray<'a>,
+) -> jboolean {
+    execute_and_catch(env, move |env| {
+        // If msg is null means just check whether channel is closed.
+        if msg.is_null() {
+            if channel.as_ref().is_closed() {
+                return Ok(JNI_FALSE);
+            } else {
+                return Ok(JNI_TRUE);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let get_event_stream_response: GetEventStreamResponse =
+            Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&msg, env)?.deref())?;
+
+        tracing::debug!("before send");
+        match channel.as_ref().blocking_send(get_event_stream_response) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                tracing::debug!("send successfully");
+                Ok(JNI_TRUE)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::debug!("send error.  {:?}", e);
+                Ok(JNI_FALSE)
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Timestamptz};
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
index 2b1a4968d6195..931d6128647cb 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
@@ -382,6 +382,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         )?;
         if chosen.contains(&component) {
             writeln!(file, "{}=true", component.env())?;
+            if component == Components::BuildConnectorNode {
+                writeln!(
+                    file,
+                    "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH=.risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs/"
+                )?;
+            }
         } else {
             writeln!(file, "# {}=true", component.env())?;
         }
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 3d9d4278a024f..8db097d709bbd 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
+jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
 lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
 lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
 lexical-parse-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@ hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
+jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
 lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
 lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
 lexical-parse-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }

From 1650a3ba40d8f212f8f6be5f9b354e947733221f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 19:38:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 024/430] refactor: use usize range instead of BlockLocation to
 read obj (#12225)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   3 +
 src/common/src/range.rs                       | 103 ++++++++++++++++
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/sst_dump.rs      |  32 ++---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs    |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |   2 +-
 src/object_store/src/object/mem.rs            |  94 ++++-----------
 src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs            |  78 ++-----------
 .../opendal_engine/opendal_object_store.rs    | 110 ++++--------------
 src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs             |  64 ++++------
 src/storage/backup/src/storage.rs             |   4 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs        |  13 +--
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs      |  18 ++-
 12 files changed, 214 insertions(+), 309 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/range.rs

diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index ed1c65a4b56c1..0f7bd134a7e22 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(negative_impls)]
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
+#![feature(bound_map)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod jemalloc;
@@ -76,6 +77,8 @@ pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod vnode_mapping;
 
+pub mod range;
+
 pub mod test_prelude {
     pub use super::array::{DataChunkTestExt, StreamChunkTestExt};
     pub use super::catalog::test_utils::ColumnDescTestExt;
diff --git a/src/common/src/range.rs b/src/common/src/range.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7a85fc7a7cd96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/range.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::ops::{Add, Bound, RangeBounds, Sub};
+
+mod private {
+
+    pub trait ZeroOne {
+        fn zero() -> Self;
+        fn one() -> Self;
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! impl_one {
+        ($($t:ty),*) => {
+            $(
+                impl ZeroOne for $t {
+                    fn zero() -> Self {
+                        0 as $t
+                    }
+
+                    fn one() -> Self {
+                        1 as $t
+                    }
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! for_all_num_type {
+        ($macro:ident) => {
+            $macro! { u8, u16, u32, u64, usize, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize, f32, f64 }
+        };
+    }
+
+    for_all_num_type! { impl_one }
+}
+
+use private::ZeroOne;
+
+pub trait Idx = PartialOrd<Self>
+    + Add<Output = Self>
+    + Sub<Output = Self>
+    + Clone
+    + Copy
+    + Send
+    + Sync
+    + 'static
+    + ZeroOne;
+
+pub trait RangeBoundsExt<T: Idx>: RangeBounds<T> {
+    fn start(&self) -> Option<T> {
+        match self.start_bound() {
+            Bound::Included(v) => Some(*v),
+            Bound::Excluded(v) => Some(*v + ZeroOne::one()),
+            Bound::Unbounded => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn end(&self) -> Option<T> {
+        match self.end_bound() {
+            Bound::Included(v) => Some(*v + ZeroOne::one()),
+            Bound::Excluded(v) => Some(*v),
+            Bound::Unbounded => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> Option<T> {
+        let start = self.start()?;
+        let end = self.end()?;
+        Some(end - start)
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.len() {
+            Some(len) => len == ZeroOne::zero(),
+            None => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
+        self.start_bound() == Bound::Unbounded && self.end_bound() == Bound::Unbounded
+    }
+
+    fn map<F, R>(&self, f: F) -> (Bound<R>, Bound<R>)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T) -> R,
+    {
+        (self.start_bound().map(&f), self.end_bound().map(&f))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx, RB: RangeBounds<T>> RangeBoundsExt<T> for RB {}
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/sst_dump.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/sst_dump.rs
index 8208d17b5abe3..4f957cd508862 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/sst_dump.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/sst_dump.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_frontend::TableCatalog;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockVersionExt;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::FullKey;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockSstableObjectId;
-use risingwave_object_store::object::{BlockLocation, ObjectMetadata, ObjectStoreImpl};
+use risingwave_object_store::object::{ObjectMetadata, ObjectStoreImpl};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{Level, SstableInfo};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::MetaClient;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::value::HummockValue;
@@ -176,20 +176,15 @@ async fn get_meta_offset_from_object(
     obj: &ObjectMetadata,
     obj_store: &ObjectStoreImpl,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<u64> {
-    let meta_offset_loc = BlockLocation {
-        offset: obj.total_size
-            - (
-                // version, magic
-                2 * std::mem::size_of::<u32>() +
-                // footer, checksum
-                2 * std::mem::size_of::<u64>()
-            ),
-        size: std::mem::size_of::<u64>(),
-    };
-    Ok(obj_store
-        .read(&obj.key, Some(meta_offset_loc))
-        .await?
-        .get_u64_le())
+    let start = obj.total_size
+        - (
+            // version, magic
+            2 * std::mem::size_of::<u32>() +
+        // footer, checksum
+        2 * std::mem::size_of::<u64>()
+        );
+    let end = start + std::mem::size_of::<u64>();
+    Ok(obj_store.read(&obj.key, start..end).await?.get_u64_le())
 }
 
 pub async fn sst_dump_via_sstable_store(
@@ -281,11 +276,8 @@ async fn print_block(
 
     // Retrieve encoded block data in bytes
     let store = sstable_store.store();
-    let block_loc = BlockLocation {
-        offset: block_meta.offset as usize,
-        size: block_meta.len as usize,
-    };
-    let block_data = store.read(&data_path, Some(block_loc)).await?;
+    let range = block_meta.offset as usize..block_meta.offset as usize + block_meta.len as usize;
+    let block_data = store.read(&data_path, range).await?;
 
     // Retrieve checksum and compression algorithm used from the encoded block data
     let len = block_data.len();
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
index d0c8428abedc5..4e6bb094d5a59 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         use prost::Message;
         let data = match self
             .object_store
-            .read(&self.version_checkpoint_path, None)
+            .read(&self.version_checkpoint_path, ..)
             .await
         {
             Ok(data) => data,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 03d75112d01fe..99f0c41d696d3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -2843,7 +2843,7 @@ async fn write_exclusive_cluster_id(
     const CLUSTER_ID_NAME: &str = "0";
     let cluster_id_dir = format!("{}/{}/", state_store_dir, CLUSTER_ID_DIR);
     let cluster_id_full_path = format!("{}{}", cluster_id_dir, CLUSTER_ID_NAME);
-    match object_store.read(&cluster_id_full_path, None).await {
+    match object_store.read(&cluster_id_full_path, ..).await {
         Ok(cluster_id) => Err(ObjectError::internal(format!(
             "Data directory is already used by another cluster with id {:?}, path {}.",
             String::from_utf8(cluster_id.to_vec()).unwrap(),
diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/mem.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/mem.rs
index 8be7b75632e32..02ee6c744d33a 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/mem.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/mem.rs
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use fail::fail_point;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::Stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::range::RangeBoundsExt;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::{
-    BlockLocation, BoxedStreamingUploader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectResult, ObjectStore,
-    StreamingUploader,
+    BoxedStreamingUploader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectRangeBounds, ObjectResult,
+    ObjectStore, StreamingUploader,
 };
 use crate::object::ObjectMetadataIter;
 
@@ -130,23 +130,11 @@ impl ObjectStore for InMemObjectStore {
         }))
     }
 
-    async fn read(&self, path: &str, block: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+    async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
         fail_point!("mem_read_err", |_| Err(ObjectError::internal(
             "mem read error"
         )));
-        if let Some(loc) = block {
-            self.get_object(path, |obj| find_block(obj, loc)).await?
-        } else {
-            self.get_object(path, |obj| Ok(obj.clone())).await?
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn readv(&self, path: &str, block_locs: &[BlockLocation]) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>> {
-        let futures = block_locs
-            .iter()
-            .map(|block_loc| self.read(path, Some(*block_loc)))
-            .collect_vec();
-        try_join_all(futures).await
+        self.get_object(path, range).await
     }
 
     /// Returns a stream reading the object specified in `path`. If given, the stream starts at the
@@ -160,23 +148,10 @@ impl ObjectStore for InMemObjectStore {
         fail_point!("mem_streaming_read_err", |_| Err(ObjectError::internal(
             "mem streaming read error"
         )));
-
-        let bytes = if let Some(pos) = start_pos {
-            self.get_object(path, |obj| {
-                find_block(
-                    obj,
-                    BlockLocation {
-                        offset: pos,
-                        size: obj.len() - pos,
-                    },
-                )
-            })
-            .await?
-        } else {
-            self.get_object(path, |obj| Ok(obj.clone())).await?
-        };
-
-        Ok(Box::new(Cursor::new(bytes?)))
+        let bytes = self
+            .get_object(path, start_pos.unwrap_or_default()..)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(Box::new(Cursor::new(bytes)))
     }
 
     async fn metadata(&self, path: &str) -> ObjectResult<ObjectMetadata> {
@@ -254,25 +229,19 @@ impl InMemObjectStore {
         *SHARED.lock() = InMemObjectStore::new();
     }
 
-    async fn get_object<R, F>(&self, path: &str, f: F) -> ObjectResult<R>
-    where
-        F: Fn(&Bytes) -> R,
-    {
-        self.objects
-            .lock()
-            .await
+    async fn get_object(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+        let objects = self.objects.lock().await;
+
+        let obj = objects
             .get(path)
             .map(|(_, obj)| obj)
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::not_found(format!("no object at path '{}'", path)).into())
-            .map(f)
-    }
-}
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::not_found(format!("no object at path '{}'", path)))?;
+
+        if let Some(end) = range.end() && end > obj.len() {
+            return Err(Error::other("bad block offset and size").into());
+        }
 
-fn find_block(obj: &Bytes, block: BlockLocation) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
-    if block.offset + block.size > obj.len() {
-        Err(Error::other("bad block offset and size").into())
-    } else {
-        Ok(obj.slice(block.offset..(block.offset + block.size)))
+        Ok(obj.slice(range))
     }
 }
 
@@ -326,29 +295,19 @@ mod tests {
         s3.upload("/abc", block).await.unwrap();
 
         // No such object.
-        let err = s3
-            .read("/ab", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 0, size: 3 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
+        let err = s3.read("/ab", 0..3).await.unwrap_err();
         assert!(err.is_object_not_found_error());
 
-        let bytes = s3
-            .read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 4, size: 2 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        let bytes = s3.read("/abc", 4..6).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(bytes.to_vec()).unwrap(), "56".to_string());
 
         // Overflow.
-        s3.read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 4, size: 4 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
+        s3.read("/abc", 4..8).await.unwrap_err();
 
         s3.delete("/abc").await.unwrap();
 
         // No such object.
-        s3.read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 0, size: 3 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
+        s3.read("/abc", 0..3).await.unwrap_err();
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -365,14 +324,11 @@ mod tests {
         uploader.finish().await.unwrap();
 
         // Read whole object.
-        let read_obj = store.read("/abc", None).await.unwrap();
+        let read_obj = store.read("/abc", ..).await.unwrap();
         assert!(read_obj.eq(&obj));
 
         // Read part of the object.
-        let read_obj = store
-            .read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 4, size: 2 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        let read_obj = store.read("/abc", 4..6).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             String::from_utf8(read_obj.to_vec()).unwrap(),
             "56".to_string()
diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
index deb29a07dc484..e25159878f0db 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::RangeBounds;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ pub type ObjectStreamingUploader = MonitoredStreamingUploader;
 
 type BoxedStreamingUploader = Box<dyn StreamingUploader>;
 
+pub trait ObjectRangeBounds = RangeBounds<usize> + Clone + Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug + 'static;
+
 /// Partitions a set of given paths into two vectors. The first vector contains all local paths, and
 /// the second contains all remote paths.
 pub fn partition_object_store_paths(paths: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -55,12 +58,6 @@ pub fn partition_object_store_paths(paths: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
     vec_rem
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct BlockLocation {
-    pub offset: usize,
-    pub size: usize,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ObjectMetadata {
     // Full path
@@ -70,17 +67,6 @@ pub struct ObjectMetadata {
     pub total_size: usize,
 }
 
-impl BlockLocation {
-    /// Generates the http bytes range specifier.
-    pub fn byte_range_specifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        Some(format!(
-            "bytes={}-{}",
-            self.offset,
-            self.offset + self.size - 1
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait StreamingUploader: Send {
     async fn write_bytes(&mut self, data: Bytes) -> ObjectResult<()>;
@@ -101,13 +87,10 @@ pub trait ObjectStore: Send + Sync {
 
     async fn streaming_upload(&self, path: &str) -> ObjectResult<BoxedStreamingUploader>;
 
-    /// If the `block_loc` is None, the whole object will be returned.
     /// If objects are PUT using a multipart upload, it's a good practice to GET them in the same
     /// part sizes (or at least aligned to part boundaries) for best performance.
     /// <https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/AmazonS3BestPractices.pdf?stod_obj2>
-    async fn read(&self, path: &str, block_loc: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes>;
-
-    async fn readv(&self, path: &str, block_locs: &[BlockLocation]) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>>;
+    async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes>;
 
     /// Returns a stream reading the object specified in `path`. If given, the stream starts at the
     /// byte with index `start_pos` (0-based). As far as possible, the stream only loads the amount
@@ -208,16 +191,8 @@ impl ObjectStoreImpl {
         object_store_impl_method_body!(self, streaming_upload, dispatch_async, path)
     }
 
-    pub async fn read(&self, path: &str, block_loc: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
-        object_store_impl_method_body!(self, read, dispatch_async, path, block_loc)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn readv(
-        &self,
-        path: &str,
-        block_locs: &[BlockLocation],
-    ) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>> {
-        object_store_impl_method_body!(self, readv, dispatch_async, path, block_locs)
+    pub async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+        object_store_impl_method_body!(self, read, dispatch_async, path, range)
     }
 
     pub async fn metadata(&self, path: &str) -> ObjectResult<ObjectMetadata> {
@@ -626,7 +601,7 @@ impl<OS: ObjectStore> MonitoredObjectStore<OS> {
         ))
     }
 
-    pub async fn read(&self, path: &str, block_loc: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+    pub async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
         let operation_type = "read";
         let _timer = self
             .object_store_metrics
@@ -635,7 +610,7 @@ impl<OS: ObjectStore> MonitoredObjectStore<OS> {
             .start_timer();
         let future = async {
             self.inner
-                .read(path, block_loc)
+                .read(path, range)
                 .verbose_instrument_await("object_store_read")
                 .await
         };
@@ -659,43 +634,6 @@ impl<OS: ObjectStore> MonitoredObjectStore<OS> {
         Ok(data)
     }
 
-    pub async fn readv(
-        &self,
-        path: &str,
-        block_locs: &[BlockLocation],
-    ) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>> {
-        let operation_type = "readv";
-        let _timer = self
-            .object_store_metrics
-            .operation_latency
-            .with_label_values(&[self.media_type(), operation_type])
-            .start_timer();
-
-        let future = async {
-            self.inner
-                .readv(path, block_locs)
-                .verbose_instrument_await("object_store_readv")
-                .await
-        };
-        let res = match self.read_timeout.as_ref() {
-            None => future.await,
-            Some(timeout) => tokio::time::timeout(*timeout, future)
-                .await
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err(ObjectError::internal("readv timeout"))),
-        };
-
-        try_update_failure_metric(&self.object_store_metrics, &res, operation_type);
-
-        let data = res?;
-        let data_len = data.iter().map(|block| block.len()).sum::<usize>() as u64;
-        self.object_store_metrics.read_bytes.inc_by(data_len);
-        self.object_store_metrics
-            .operation_size
-            .with_label_values(&[operation_type])
-            .observe(data_len as f64);
-        Ok(data)
-    }
-
     /// Returns a stream reading the object specified in `path`. If given, the stream starts at the
     /// byte with index `start_pos` (0-based). As far as possible, the stream only loads the amount
     /// of data into memory that is read from the stream.
diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/opendal_engine/opendal_object_store.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/opendal_engine/opendal_object_store.rs
index de410507da622..b829dbd544abf 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/opendal_engine/opendal_object_store.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/opendal_engine/opendal_object_store.rs
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ use std::task::{ready, Context, Poll};
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use fail::fail_point;
-use futures::future::{try_join_all, BoxFuture};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use futures::{FutureExt, Stream, StreamExt};
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use opendal::services::Memory;
 use opendal::{Entry, Error, Lister, Metakey, Operator, Writer};
+use risingwave_common::range::RangeBoundsExt;
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 
 use crate::object::{
-    BlockLocation, BoxedStreamingUploader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectMetadataIter,
+    BoxedStreamingUploader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectMetadataIter, ObjectRangeBounds,
     ObjectResult, ObjectStore, StreamingUploader,
 };
 
@@ -80,28 +80,24 @@ impl ObjectStore for OpendalObjectStore {
         ))
     }
 
-    async fn read(&self, path: &str, block: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
-        match block {
-            Some(block) => {
-                let range = block.offset as u64..(block.offset + block.size) as u64;
-                let res = Bytes::from(self.op.range_read(path, range).await?);
+    async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+        let data = if range.is_full() {
+            self.op.read(path).await?
+        } else {
+            self.op.range_read(path, range.map(|v| *v as u64)).await?
+        };
 
-                if block.size != res.len() {
-                    Err(ObjectError::internal("bad block offset and size"))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(res)
-                }
-            }
-            None => Ok(Bytes::from(self.op.read(path).await?)),
+        if let Some(len) = range.len() && len != data.len() {
+            return Err(ObjectError::internal(format!(
+                "mismatched size: expected {}, found {} when reading {} at {:?}",
+                len,
+                data.len(),
+                path,
+                range,
+            )));
         }
-    }
 
-    async fn readv(&self, path: &str, block_locs: &[BlockLocation]) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>> {
-        let futures = block_locs
-            .iter()
-            .map(|block_loc| self.read(path, Some(*block_loc)))
-            .collect_vec();
-        try_join_all(futures).await
+        Ok(Bytes::from(data))
     }
 
     /// Returns a stream reading the object specified in `path`. If given, the stream starts at the
@@ -314,13 +310,6 @@ mod tests {
         result
     }
 
-    fn gen_test_payload() -> Vec<u8> {
-        let mut ret = Vec::new();
-        for i in 0..100000 {
-            ret.extend(format!("{:05}", i).as_bytes());
-        }
-        ret
-    }
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_memory_upload() {
         let block = Bytes::from("123456");
@@ -328,36 +317,18 @@ mod tests {
         store.upload("/abc", block).await.unwrap();
 
         // No such object.
-        store
-            .read("/ab", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 0, size: 3 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
-
-        let bytes = store
-            .read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 4, size: 2 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        store.read("/ab", 0..3).await.unwrap_err();
+
+        let bytes = store.read("/abc", 4..6).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(bytes.to_vec()).unwrap(), "56".to_string());
 
         // Overflow.
-        store
-            .read(
-                "/abc",
-                Some(BlockLocation {
-                    offset: 4,
-                    size: 40,
-                }),
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
+        store.read("/abc", 4..44).await.unwrap_err();
 
         store.delete("/abc").await.unwrap();
 
         // No such object.
-        store
-            .read("/abc", Some(BlockLocation { offset: 0, size: 3 }))
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
+        store.read("/abc", 0..3).await.unwrap_err();
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -389,40 +360,9 @@ mod tests {
 
         store.delete_objects(&str_list).await.unwrap();
 
-        assert!(store.read("prefix/abc/", None).await.is_err());
-        assert!(store.read("prefix/xyz/", None).await.is_err());
+        assert!(store.read("prefix/abc/", ..).await.is_err());
+        assert!(store.read("prefix/xyz/", ..).await.is_err());
         assert_eq!(list_all("", &store).await.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(list_all("prefix/", &store).await.len(), 0);
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_memory_read_multi_block() {
-        let store = OpendalObjectStore::new_memory_engine().unwrap();
-        let payload = gen_test_payload();
-        store
-            .upload("test.obj", Bytes::from(payload.clone()))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let metadata = store.metadata("test.obj").await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(payload.len(), metadata.total_size);
-        let test_loc = [(0, 1000), (10000, 1000), (20000, 1000)];
-        let read_data = store
-            .readv(
-                "test.obj",
-                &test_loc
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(offset, size)| BlockLocation {
-                        offset: *offset,
-                        size: *size,
-                    })
-                    .collect_vec(),
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(test_loc.len(), read_data.len());
-        for (i, (offset, size)) in test_loc.iter().enumerate() {
-            assert_eq!(&payload[*offset..(*offset + *size)], &read_data[i][..]);
-        }
-        store.delete("test.obj").await.unwrap();
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
index e0d561e3bdb32..90e419567bceb 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@ use hyper::Body;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::config::default::s3_objstore_config;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::monitor_connector;
+use risingwave_common::range::RangeBoundsExt;
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 
 use super::object_metrics::ObjectStoreMetrics;
 use super::{
-    BlockLocation, BoxedStreamingUploader, Bytes, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectResult,
+    BoxedStreamingUploader, Bytes, ObjectError, ObjectMetadata, ObjectRangeBounds, ObjectResult,
     ObjectStore, StreamingUploader,
 };
 use crate::object::{try_update_failure_metric, ObjectMetadataIter};
@@ -347,29 +348,16 @@ impl ObjectStore for S3ObjectStore {
     }
 
     /// Amazon S3 doesn't support retrieving multiple ranges of data per GET request.
-    async fn read(&self, path: &str, block_loc: Option<BlockLocation>) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
+    async fn read(&self, path: &str, range: impl ObjectRangeBounds) -> ObjectResult<Bytes> {
         fail_point!("s3_read_err", |_| Err(ObjectError::internal(
             "s3 read error"
         )));
 
-        let (start_pos, end_pos) = block_loc.as_ref().map_or((None, None), |block_loc| {
-            (
-                Some(block_loc.offset),
-                Some(
-                    block_loc.offset + block_loc.size - 1, // End is inclusive.
-                ),
-            )
-        });
-
         // retry if occurs AWS EC2 HTTP timeout error.
         let resp = tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
             self.config.get_retry_strategy(),
             || async {
-                match self
-                    .obj_store_request(path, start_pos, end_pos)
-                    .send()
-                    .await
-                {
+                match self.obj_store_request(path, range.clone()).send().await {
                     Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
                     Err(err) => {
                         if let SdkError::DispatchFailure(e) = &err
@@ -391,24 +379,17 @@ impl ObjectStore for S3ObjectStore {
 
         let val = resp.body.collect().await?.into_bytes();
 
-        if block_loc.is_some() && block_loc.as_ref().unwrap().size != val.len() {
+        if let Some(len) = range.len() && len != val.len() {
             return Err(ObjectError::internal(format!(
                 "mismatched size: expected {}, found {} when reading {} at {:?}",
-                block_loc.as_ref().unwrap().size,
+                len,
                 val.len(),
                 path,
-                block_loc.as_ref().unwrap()
+                range,
             )));
         }
-        Ok(val)
-    }
 
-    async fn readv(&self, path: &str, block_locs: &[BlockLocation]) -> ObjectResult<Vec<Bytes>> {
-        let futures = block_locs
-            .iter()
-            .map(|block_loc| self.read(path, Some(*block_loc)))
-            .collect_vec();
-        try_join_all(futures).await
+        Ok(val)
     }
 
     async fn metadata(&self, path: &str) -> ObjectResult<ObjectMetadata> {
@@ -448,7 +429,11 @@ impl ObjectStore for S3ObjectStore {
         let resp = tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
             self.config.get_retry_strategy(),
             || async {
-                match self.obj_store_request(path, start_pos, None).send().await {
+                match self
+                    .obj_store_request(path, start_pos.unwrap_or_default()..)
+                    .send()
+                    .await
+                {
                     Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
                     Err(err) => {
                         if let SdkError::DispatchFailure(e) = &err
@@ -675,25 +660,18 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
     fn obj_store_request(
         &self,
         path: &str,
-        start_pos: Option<usize>,
-        end_pos: Option<usize>,
+        range: impl ObjectRangeBounds,
     ) -> GetObjectFluentBuilder {
         let req = self.client.get_object().bucket(&self.bucket).key(path);
 
-        match (start_pos, end_pos) {
-            (None, None) => {
-                // No range is given. Return request as is.
-                req
-            }
-            _ => {
-                // At least one boundary is given. Return request with range limitation.
-                req.range(format!(
-                    "bytes={}-{}",
-                    start_pos.map_or(String::new(), |pos| pos.to_string()),
-                    end_pos.map_or(String::new(), |pos| pos.to_string())
-                ))
-            }
+        if range.is_full() {
+            return req;
         }
+
+        let start = range.start().map(|v| v.to_string()).unwrap_or_default();
+        let end = range.end().map(|v| (v - 1).to_string()).unwrap_or_default(); // included
+
+        req.range(format!("bytes={}-{}", start, end))
     }
 
     // When multipart upload is aborted, if any part uploads are in progress, those part uploads
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/src/storage.rs b/src/storage/backup/src/storage.rs
index 6ee80292d44a1..85583e6a9b267 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/src/storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage/backup/src/storage.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl ObjectStoreMetaSnapshotStorage {
 
     async fn get_manifest(&self) -> BackupResult<Option<MetaSnapshotManifest>> {
         let manifest_path = self.get_manifest_path();
-        let bytes = match self.store.read(&manifest_path, None).await {
+        let bytes = match self.store.read(&manifest_path, ..).await {
             Ok(bytes) => bytes,
             Err(e) => {
                 if e.is_object_not_found_error() {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl MetaSnapshotStorage for ObjectStoreMetaSnapshotStorage {
 
     async fn get(&self, id: MetaSnapshotId) -> BackupResult<MetaSnapshot> {
         let path = self.get_snapshot_path(id);
-        let data = self.store.read(&path, None).await?;
+        let data = self.store.read(&path, ..).await?;
         MetaSnapshot::decode(&data)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
index e7e11ace8a2fb..e79779bd46d78 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ mod block;
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::ops::{BitXor, Bound};
+use std::ops::{BitXor, Bound, Range};
 
 pub use block::*;
 mod block_iterator;
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ pub mod builder;
 pub use builder::*;
 pub mod writer;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
-use risingwave_object_store::object::BlockLocation;
 pub use writer::*;
 mod forward_sstable_iterator;
 pub mod multi_builder;
@@ -260,14 +259,12 @@ impl Sstable {
         !self.filter_reader.is_empty()
     }
 
-    pub fn calculate_block_info(&self, block_index: usize) -> (BlockLocation, usize) {
+    pub fn calculate_block_info(&self, block_index: usize) -> (Range<usize>, usize) {
         let block_meta = &self.meta.block_metas[block_index];
-        let block_loc = BlockLocation {
-            offset: block_meta.offset as usize,
-            size: block_meta.len as usize,
-        };
+        let range =
+            block_meta.offset as usize..block_meta.offset as usize + block_meta.len as usize;
         let uncompressed_capacity = block_meta.uncompressed_size as usize;
-        (block_loc, uncompressed_capacity)
+        (range, uncompressed_capacity)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
index 987d9080ae563..340244af73d4a 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::config::StorageMemoryConfig;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockSstableObjectId, OBJECT_SUFFIX};
 use risingwave_hummock_trace::TracedCachePolicy;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::{
-    BlockLocation, MonitoredStreamingReader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadataIter, ObjectStoreRef,
+    MonitoredStreamingReader, ObjectError, ObjectMetadataIter, ObjectStoreRef,
     ObjectStreamingUploader,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::SstableInfo;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
         stats: &mut StoreLocalStatistic,
     ) -> HummockResult<BlockResponse> {
         let object_id = sst.id;
-        let (block_loc, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
+        let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
 
         stats.cache_data_block_total += 1;
         let mut fetch_block = || {
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             let data_path = self.get_sst_data_path(object_id);
             let store = self.store.clone();
             let use_file_cache = !matches!(policy, CachePolicy::Disable);
+            let range = range.clone();
 
             async move {
                 let key = SstableBlockIndex {
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
                     return Ok(block);
                 }
 
-                let block_data = store.read(&data_path, Some(block_loc)).await?;
+                let block_data = store.read(&data_path, range).await?;
                 let block = Box::new(Block::decode(block_data, uncompressed_capacity)?);
 
                 Ok(block)
@@ -408,10 +409,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
                     let meta_path = self.get_sst_data_path(object_id);
                     local_cache_meta_block_miss += 1;
                     let stats_ptr = stats.remote_io_time.clone();
-                    let loc = BlockLocation {
-                        offset: sst.meta_offset as usize,
-                        size: (sst.file_size - sst.meta_offset) as usize,
-                    };
+                    let range = sst.meta_offset as usize..sst.file_size as usize;
                     async move {
                         if let Some(sst) = meta_file_cache
                             .lookup(&object_id)
@@ -424,7 +422,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
 
                         let now = Instant::now();
                         let buf = store
-                            .read(&meta_path, Some(loc))
+                            .read(&meta_path, range)
                             .await
                             .map_err(HummockError::object_io_error)?;
                         let meta = SstableMeta::decode(&buf[..])?;
@@ -556,7 +554,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
         stats: &mut StoreLocalStatistic,
     ) -> HummockResult<bool> {
         let object_id = sst.id;
-        let (block_loc, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
+        let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
 
         stats.cache_data_block_total += 1;
         let fetch_block = move || {
@@ -565,7 +563,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             let store = self.store.clone();
 
             async move {
-                let data = store.read(&data_path, Some(block_loc)).await?;
+                let data = store.read(&data_path, range).await?;
                 let block = Block::decode(data, uncompressed_capacity)?;
                 let block = Box::new(block);
 

From 228593d6a3d414790d6a072fac3875484b834343 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 20:27:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 025/430] feat(binder): support implicit table function lateral
 subquery (#12153)

---
 .../implict_lateral_table_function.slt.part   | 24 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml      |  7 ++++++
 .../testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml     | 23 +++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs      | 25 ++++++++++++++-----
 src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs       |  7 ++++--
 .../src/binder/relation/table_function.rs     |  5 +++-
 6 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/subquery/implict_lateral_table_function.slt.part

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/subquery/implict_lateral_table_function.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/implict_lateral_table_function.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3b3dc0486f8a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/implict_lateral_table_function.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1, Array[11,111,1111]), (2, Array[22,222,2222]);
+
+
+query IAI rowsort
+select * from t cross join unnest(arr);
+----
+1 {11,111,1111} 11
+1 {11,111,1111} 111
+1 {11,111,1111} 1111
+2 {22,222,2222} 22
+2 {22,222,2222} 222
+2 {22,222,2222} 2222
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
+
+
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
index 461383e3f6d9c..e1215c828cc7f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -85,3 +85,10 @@
     AS max_sale on true;
   expected_outputs:
     - binder_error
+- name: implicit lateral subquery of correlated table function
+  sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
index 96871a6951b49..b67362ea5da4f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -150,3 +150,26 @@
     ORDER BY amount DESC LIMIT 1)
     AS max_sale on true;
   binder_error: 'Invalid input syntax: The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.'
+- name: implicit lateral subquery of correlated table function
+  sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0)] }
+      ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+      │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+      └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
index 3916289e86193..fed759d6eb83b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,14 @@ impl Binder {
             self.push_lateral_context();
             let right = self.bind_table_with_joins(t.clone())?;
             self.pop_and_merge_lateral_context()?;
-            root = if let Relation::Subquery(subquery) = &right && subquery.lateral {
+
+            let is_lateral = match &right {
+                Relation::Subquery(subquery) if subquery.lateral => true,
+                Relation::TableFunction(_) => true,
+                _ => false,
+            };
+
+            root = if is_lateral {
                 Relation::Apply(Box::new(BoundJoin {
                     join_type: JoinType::Inner,
                     left: root,
@@ -100,14 +107,20 @@ impl Binder {
                 right = self.bind_table_factor(join.relation.clone())?;
                 (cond, _) = self.bind_join_constraint(constraint, None, join_type)?;
             }
-            root = if let Relation::Subquery(subquery) = &right && subquery.lateral {
+
+            let is_lateral = match &right {
+                Relation::Subquery(subquery) if subquery.lateral => true,
+                Relation::TableFunction(_) => true,
+                _ => false,
+            };
+
+            root = if is_lateral {
                 match join_type {
-                    JoinType::Inner | JoinType::LeftOuter => {},
+                    JoinType::Inner | JoinType::LeftOuter => {}
                     _ => {
                         return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax("The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.".to_string())
                             .into());
-
-                        }
+                    }
                 }
 
                 Relation::Apply(Box::new(BoundJoin {
@@ -123,7 +136,7 @@ impl Binder {
                     right,
                     cond,
                 }))
-            }
+            };
         }
 
         Ok(root)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
index e92504fbb704b..2df943362e3f9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl Relation {
                 correlated_indices
             }
             Relation::TableFunction(table_function) => table_function
-                .collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth, correlated_id),
+                .collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth + 1, correlated_id),
             _ => vec![],
         }
     }
@@ -438,7 +438,10 @@ impl Binder {
                 for_system_time_as_of_proctime,
             } => self.bind_relation_by_name(name, alias, for_system_time_as_of_proctime),
             TableFactor::TableFunction { name, alias, args } => {
-                self.bind_table_function(name, alias, args)
+                self.try_mark_lateral_as_visible();
+                let result = self.bind_table_function(name, alias, args);
+                self.try_mark_lateral_as_invisible();
+                result
             }
             TableFactor::Derived {
                 lateral,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
index 1b53364e2dab5..7441473316e33 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ impl Binder {
             )));
         };
 
+        self.push_context();
         let mut clause = Some(Clause::From);
         std::mem::swap(&mut self.context.clause, &mut clause);
         let func = self.bind_function(Function {
@@ -82,8 +83,10 @@ impl Binder {
             order_by: vec![],
             filter: None,
             within_group: None,
-        })?;
+        });
         self.context.clause = clause;
+        self.pop_context()?;
+        let func = func?;
 
         let columns = if let DataType::Struct(s) = func.return_type() {
             // If the table function returns a struct, it's fields can be accessed just

From a048dc410da883cdd93dd090217165fa57225639 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 09:39:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 026/430] refactor: ignore unrecogized/deprecated system params
 (#12229)

---
 proto/meta.proto                         |  2 +-
 src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs       | 47 +++++++++---------------
 src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs |  4 +-
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/meta.proto b/proto/meta.proto
index 3f1e5cdbbdf65..cad0b97f6d2be 100644
--- a/proto/meta.proto
+++ b/proto/meta.proto
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ service MetaMemberService {
 
 // The schema for persisted system parameters.
 // Note on backward compatibility:
-// - Do not remove deprecated fields. Mark them as deprecated both after the field definition and in `system_params/mod.rs` instead.
+// - Do not remove deprecated fields. Mark them as deprecated instead.
 // - Do not rename existing fields, since each field is stored separately in the meta store with the field name as the key.
 // - To modify (rename, change the type or semantic of) a field, introduce a new field suffixed by the version.
 message SystemParams {
diff --git a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
index fac23532c9b79..abd2e110c8492 100644
--- a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
@@ -33,16 +33,15 @@ pub type SystemParamsError = String;
 
 type Result<T> = core::result::Result<T, SystemParamsError>;
 
-/// Only includes undeprecated params.
+/// Define all system parameters here.
+///
 /// Macro input is { field identifier, type, default value, is mutable }
 ///
 /// Note:
 /// - Having `None` as default value means the parameter must be initialized.
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! for_all_undeprecated_params {
-    ($macro:ident
-        // Hack: match trailing fields to implement `for_all_params`
-        $(, { $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr })*) => {
+macro_rules! for_all_params {
+    ($macro:ident) => {
         $macro! {
             { barrier_interval_ms, u32, Some(1000_u32), true },
             { checkpoint_frequency, u64, Some(1_u64), true },
@@ -56,22 +55,10 @@ macro_rules! for_all_undeprecated_params {
             { backup_storage_directory, String, Some("backup".to_string()), false },
             { max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs, u32, Some(1_u32), true },
             { pause_on_next_bootstrap, bool, Some(false), true },
-            $({ $field, $type, $default, $is_mutable },)*
         }
     };
 }
 
-/// Includes all params.
-/// Macro input is same as `for_all_undeprecated_params`.
-macro_rules! for_all_params {
-    ($macro:ident) => {
-        for_all_undeprecated_params!(
-            $macro /* Define future deprecated params here, such as
-                    * ,{ backup_storage_directory, String, "backup".to_string(), true } */
-        );
-    };
-}
-
 /// Convert field name to string.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! key_of {
@@ -106,7 +93,7 @@ macro_rules! def_default {
     };
 }
 
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(def_default);
+for_all_params!(def_default);
 
 macro_rules! impl_check_missing_fields {
     ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
@@ -186,10 +173,9 @@ macro_rules! impl_system_params_from_kv {
                         std::str::from_utf8(v.as_ref()).unwrap().to_string()
                     )
                 }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                Err(format!("unrecognized system params {:?}", unrecognized_params))
-            } else {
-                Ok(ret)
+                tracing::warn!("unrecognized system params {:?}", unrecognized_params);
             }
+            Ok(ret)
         }
     };
 }
@@ -317,12 +303,12 @@ macro_rules! impl_system_params_for_test {
 
 for_all_params!(impl_system_params_from_kv);
 for_all_params!(impl_is_mutable);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_derive_missing_fields);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_check_missing_fields);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_system_params_to_kv);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_set_system_param);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_default_validation_on_set);
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_system_params_for_test);
+for_all_params!(impl_derive_missing_fields);
+for_all_params!(impl_check_missing_fields);
+for_all_params!(impl_system_params_to_kv);
+for_all_params!(impl_set_system_param);
+for_all_params!(impl_default_validation_on_set);
+for_all_params!(impl_system_params_for_test);
 
 struct OverrideValidateOnSet;
 impl ValidateOnSet for OverrideValidateOnSet {
@@ -345,7 +331,7 @@ impl ValidateOnSet for OverrideValidateOnSet {
     }
 }
 
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_default_from_other_params);
+for_all_params!(impl_default_from_other_params);
 
 struct OverrideFromParams;
 impl FromParams for OverrideFromParams {}
@@ -370,14 +356,15 @@ mod tests {
             (BACKUP_STORAGE_DIRECTORY_KEY, "a"),
             (MAX_CONCURRENT_CREATING_STREAMING_JOBS_KEY, "1"),
             (PAUSE_ON_NEXT_BOOTSTRAP_KEY, "false"),
+            ("a_deprecated_param", "foo"),
         ];
 
         // To kv - missing field.
         let p = PbSystemParams::default();
         assert!(system_params_to_kv(&p).is_err());
 
-        // From kv - unrecognized field.
-        assert!(system_params_from_kv(vec![("?", "?")]).is_err());
+        // From kv - unrecognized field should be ignored
+        assert!(system_params_from_kv(vec![("?", "?")]).is_ok());
 
         // Deser & ser.
         let p = system_params_from_kv(kvs).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
index 861234bdfe9fe..cdedad61d8d71 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::{check_missing_params, set_system_param};
-use risingwave_common::{for_all_undeprecated_params, key_of};
+use risingwave_common::{for_all_params, key_of};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
@@ -182,4 +182,4 @@ macro_rules! impl_merge_params {
     };
 }
 
-for_all_undeprecated_params!(impl_merge_params);
+for_all_params!(impl_merge_params);

From f8e0ce705c1451a197841cd2b19bdc21505f5a49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:44:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 027/430] chore(ci): prune tests which should run occasionally
 (#12233)

---
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml    | 101 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml |   7 +++
 2 files changed, 108 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index ca4da72794b14..fcb84824b2cf7 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -480,3 +480,104 @@ steps:
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
     timeout_in_minutes: 21
     retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end test for opendal (parallel)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-for-opendal.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "docslt"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 14
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel, in-memory)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-in-memory.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on: "build"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 12
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink v2 test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: sink-test-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "end-to-end clickhouse sink test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-clickhouse-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: sink-test-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "e2e java-binding test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
+    command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-release -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    matrix:
+      setup:
+        java_version:
+          - "11"
+          - "17"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index ebbca0e333b04..c93682fd64219 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end test for opendal (parallel)"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-opendal-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-for-opendal.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end test (parallel, in-memory)"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-parallel-in-memory-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-in-memory.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on: "build"
     plugins:
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-java-connector-node-integration-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-dev -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
@@ -169,6 +172,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-iceberg-sink-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
@@ -183,6 +187,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink v2 test"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-iceberg-sink-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
@@ -197,6 +202,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end clickhouse sink test"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-clickhouse-sink-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-clickhouse-sink-test.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
@@ -211,6 +217,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "e2e java-binding test"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-java-binding-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-dev"
     depends_on:
       - "build"

From c51ee399b1f81da93dbe07e92552e71ab90482a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 11:11:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 028/430] chore(ci): bump timeouts for bulid-release and unit
 test and e2e-sink-test (#12248)

---
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml    | 4 ++--
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index fcb84824b2cf7..1be478a3c21b4 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ steps:
           run: rw-build-env
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "build other components"
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           environment:
             - CODECOV_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 17
+    timeout_in_minutes: 20
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "unit test (deterministic simulation)"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index c93682fd64219..1ae02ba16c295 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 18
+    timeout_in_minutes: 20
     cancel_on_build_failing: true
     retry: *auto-retry
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           environment:
             - CODECOV_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 16
+    timeout_in_minutes: 18
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "check"

From e47ec07c62792c97d293c62e3b3e1c342377efa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 11:54:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 029/430] feat(risedev): core dump on panics for development
 (#12235)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 .cargo/config.toml                     |  2 +-
 .vscode/launch.json.example            | 17 ++++++-
 Makefile.toml                          | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements |  8 ++++
 scripts/coredump/sign-and-run          | 10 +++++
 src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs     | 16 ++++++-
 6 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements
 create mode 100755 scripts/coredump/sign-and-run

diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
index a6d413812c5f4..ce84940299190 100644
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ rustflags = [
 ]
 
 [target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
+runner = "scripts/coredump/sign-and-run"
 rustflags = [
     # neon is enabled by default
     "-Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/ld64.lld",
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ rustflags = [
     # uncomment the following two lines to enable `TaskLocalAlloc`
     # "--cfg",
     # "enable_task_local_alloc",
-
 ]
 
 [unstable]
diff --git a/.vscode/launch.json.example b/.vscode/launch.json.example
index 6f8fbb18d4fe7..1748d2b179ea3 100644
--- a/.vscode/launch.json.example
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json.example
@@ -13,6 +13,21 @@
             ],
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
             "preLaunchTask": "build rw bin"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Open playground coredump",
+            "type": "lldb",
+            "request": "custom",
+            "targetCreateCommands": [
+                "target create ${workspaceFolder}/target/debug/risingwave --core ${input:coreFileName}"
+            ],
+        }
+    ],
+    "inputs": [
+        {
+            "id": "coreFileName",
+            "type": "promptString",
+            "description": "Enter core file path"
         }
     ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 42ce20c0769ed..bbcc0df84243a 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -281,6 +281,32 @@ ln -s "$(pwd)/target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave" "$
 ln -s "$(pwd)/target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave" "${PREFIX_BIN}/risingwave/standalone"
 '''
 
+[tasks.codesign-binaries]
+private = true
+category = "RiseDev - Build"
+description = "Codesign all binaries to support coredump"
+# If core dump is enabled by RiseDev and we're on an Apple Silicon platform,
+# codesign the binary before running.
+# https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/694233?answerId=695943022#695943022
+condition = { env_set = [
+  "ENABLE_COREDUMP",
+], env = { "SYSTEM" = "darwin-arm64" } }
+script = '''
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+binaries=()
+
+if [[ "$ENABLE_ALL_IN_ONE" == "true" ]]; then
+  binaries=("risingwave")
+else
+  binaries=("meta-node" "compute-node" "frontend" "compactor")
+fi
+
+echo -n "${binaries[*]}" | parallel -d ' ' \
+  "codesign -s - -f --entitlements scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements \"target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/{}\""
+'''
+
 [tasks.link-user-bin]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
@@ -307,6 +333,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "link-standalone-binaries",
   "link-all-in-one-binaries",
   "link-user-bin",
+  "codesign-binaries",
 ]
 
 [tasks.b]
@@ -478,6 +505,11 @@ dependencies = [
   "download-redis",
 ]
 
+[tasks.pre-start-playground]
+category = "RiseDev - Prepare"
+description = "Preparation steps for playground"
+dependencies = ["build-connector-node"]
+
 [tasks.check-risedev-env-file]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Prepare"
@@ -521,13 +553,16 @@ alias = "playground"
 [tasks.playground]
 category = "RiseDev - Start/Stop"
 description = "🌟 Start a lite RisingWave playground using risingwave all-in-one binary"
-dependencies = ["build-connector-node"]
+dependencies = ["pre-start-playground"]
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -ex
 
-RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
+if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  ulimit -c unlimited
+fi
+
 cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
           --profile "${RISINGWAVE_BUILD_PROFILE}" \
           ${RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS} \
@@ -543,7 +578,10 @@ script = '''
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
-RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
+if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  ulimit -c unlimited
+fi
+
 cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
           --profile "${RISINGWAVE_BUILD_PROFILE}" \
           ${RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS} \
@@ -570,8 +608,18 @@ alias = "dev"
 [tasks.dev]
 category = "RiseDev - Start/Stop"
 dependencies = ["pre-start-dev"]
-script = "RUST_BACKTRACE=1 target/${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risedev-dev ${@}"
 description = "🌟 Start a full RisingWave dev cluster using risedev-dev"
+script = '''
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  ulimit -c unlimited
+fi
+
+target/${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risedev-dev ${@}
+'''
 
 [tasks.kill-risedev]
 category = "RiseDev - Start/Stop"
@@ -700,6 +748,10 @@ echo
 echo "check: $(tput setaf 4)protoc >= 3.12.0$(tput sgr0)"
 protoc --version || echo "$(tput setaf 3)protoc$(tput sgr0) not found."
 echo
+
+echo "check: $(tput setaf 4)parallel >= 2022XXXX$(tput sgr0)"
+parallel --version || echo "$(tput setaf 3)parallel$(tput sgr0) not found."
+echo
 """
 description = "Install (or upgrade) required tools to do pre-CI check and run e2e tests"
 
@@ -1288,4 +1340,4 @@ cargo run -p risingwave_common --bin example-config >> src/config/example.toml
 [tasks.backwards-compat-test]
 category = "RiseDev - Backwards Compatibility Test"
 description = "Run backwards compatibility test"
-script = "./backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh"
\ No newline at end of file
+script = "./backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh"
diff --git a/scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements b/scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3842541b7b0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.security.get-task-allow</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run b/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..9f2bf69471d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env zsh
+
+# If core dump is enabled by RiseDev and we're on an Apple Silicon platform,
+# codesign the binary before running.
+# https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/694233?answerId=695943022#695943022
+if [[ "$ENABLE_COREDUMP" == "true" ]]; then
+    codesign -s - -f --entitlements scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements "$1"
+fi
+
+exec "$@"
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
index 931d6128647cb..876d920109d87 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ pub enum Components {
     Sanitizer,
     DynamicLinking,
     HummockTrace,
+    Coredump,
 }
 
 impl Components {
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ impl Components {
             Self::Sanitizer => "[Build] Enable sanitizer",
             Self::DynamicLinking => "[Build] Enable dynamic linking",
             Self::HummockTrace => "[Build] Hummock Trace",
+            Self::Coredump => "[Runtime] Enable coredump",
         }
         .into()
     }
@@ -179,7 +181,18 @@ but you might need the expertise to install dependencies correctly.
                 "
             }
             Self::HummockTrace => {
-            "With this option enabled, RiseDev will enable tracing for Hummock. See storage/hummock_trace for details."
+                "
+With this option enabled, RiseDev will enable tracing for Hummock.
+See storage/hummock_trace for details.
+                "
+            }
+            Self::Coredump => {
+                "
+With this option enabled, RiseDev will unlimit the size of core
+files before launching RisingWave. On Apple Silicon platforms,
+the binaries will also be codesigned with `get-task-allow` enabled.
+As a result, RisingWave will dump the core on panics.
+                "
             }
         }
         .into()
@@ -225,6 +238,7 @@ but you might need the expertise to install dependencies correctly.
             Self::BuildConnectorNode => "ENABLE_BUILD_RW_CONNECTOR",
             Self::DynamicLinking => "ENABLE_DYNAMIC_LINKING",
             Self::HummockTrace => "ENABLE_HUMMOCK_TRACE",
+            Self::Coredump => "ENABLE_COREDUMP",
         }
         .into()
     }

From 359ee3ddc0aedb93b34d714a1fec13b0ed0da866 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 04:11:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 030/430] chore(deps): Bump bytes from 1.4.0 to 1.5.0 (#12158)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>

From 48726abc51aa56ccd947f31deb1ef40b50ff5f73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 12:21:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 031/430] refactor(source): bind prop, split, reader,
 enumerator via trait (#12184)

---
 src/connector/src/macros.rs                   |  63 ------
 src/connector/src/source/base.rs              | 145 +++++--------
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs           |  14 +-
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |  20 +-
 src/connector/src/source/common.rs            |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/datagen/mod.rs       |  10 +
 .../src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs       |  37 ++--
 src/connector/src/source/dummy_connector.rs   |  45 ----
 src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs |  10 +
 .../src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs |  11 +-
 src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/mod.rs |  10 +
 .../src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs |  17 +-
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs         |  10 +
 .../src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs         |  13 +-
 src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs       |  12 ++
 .../src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs       |  24 +--
 src/connector/src/source/mod.rs               |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs          |  12 ++
 .../src/source/nats/source/reader.rs          |   9 +-
 src/connector/src/source/nexmark/mod.rs       |  11 +
 .../src/source/nexmark/source/reader.rs       |  18 +-
 src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs        |  10 +
 .../src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs        |  11 +-
 src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs |  15 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs     |  52 +++--
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs         | 198 ++++++++++--------
 src/source/src/connector_source.rs            |  92 ++++----
 src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs         |  24 ++-
 .../src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs |   5 +-
 29 files changed, 424 insertions(+), 478 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/connector/src/source/dummy_connector.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/src/macros.rs b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
index a30ad58ce07ce..f18bb18462749 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
@@ -12,39 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! impl_split_enumerator {
-    ($({ $variant_name:ident, $split_enumerator_name:ident} ),*) => {
-        impl SplitEnumeratorImpl {
-
-             pub async fn create(properties: ConnectorProperties, context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef) -> Result<Self> {
-                match properties {
-                    $( ConnectorProperties::$variant_name(props) => $split_enumerator_name::new(*props, context).await.map(Self::$variant_name), )*
-                    other => Err(anyhow!(
-                        "split enumerator type for config {:?} is not supported",
-                        other
-                    )),
-                }
-             }
-
-             pub async fn list_splits(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<SplitImpl>> {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner
-                        .list_splits()
-                        .await
-                        .map(|ss| {
-                            ss.into_iter()
-                                .map(SplitImpl::$variant_name)
-                                .collect_vec()
-                        })
-                        .map_err(|e| risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ConnectorError(e.into()).into()),
-                    )*
-                }
-             }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_split {
     ($({ $variant_name:ident, $connector_name:ident, $split:ty} ),*) => {
@@ -143,36 +110,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_split {
     }
 }
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! impl_split_reader {
-    ($({ $variant_name:ident, $split_reader_name:ident} ),*) => {
-        impl SplitReaderImpl {
-            pub fn into_stream(self) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.into_stream(), )*                 }
-            }
-
-            pub async fn create(
-                config: ConnectorProperties,
-                state: ConnectorState,
-                parser_config: ParserConfig,
-                source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
-                columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
-            ) -> Result<Self> {
-                if state.is_none() {
-                    return Ok(Self::Dummy(Box::new(DummySplitReader {})));
-                }
-                let splits = state.unwrap();
-                let connector = match config {
-                     $( ConnectorProperties::$variant_name(props) => Self::$variant_name(Box::new($split_reader_name::new(*props, splits, parser_config, source_ctx, columns).await?)), )*
-                };
-
-                Ok(connector)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_connector_properties {
     ($({ $variant_name:ident, $connector_name:ident } ),*) => {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
index 5a94b36a6b8e8..da11310d78d56 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
@@ -35,53 +35,51 @@ use super::filesystem::{FsSplit, S3Properties, S3_CONNECTOR};
 use super::google_pubsub::GooglePubsubMeta;
 use super::kafka::KafkaMeta;
 use super::monitor::SourceMetrics;
-use super::nats::enumerator::NatsSplitEnumerator;
-use super::nats::source::NatsSplitReader;
 use super::nexmark::source::message::NexmarkMeta;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 use crate::source::cdc::{
-    CdcProperties, CdcSplitReader, Citus, CitusDebeziumSplitEnumerator, DebeziumCdcSplit,
-    DebeziumSplitEnumerator, Mysql, MysqlDebeziumSplitEnumerator, Postgres,
-    PostgresDebeziumSplitEnumerator, CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR, MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR,
-    POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR,
+    CdcProperties, Citus, DebeziumCdcSplit, Mysql, Postgres, CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR,
+    MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR, POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR,
 };
-use crate::source::datagen::{
-    DatagenProperties, DatagenSplit, DatagenSplitEnumerator, DatagenSplitReader, DATAGEN_CONNECTOR,
-};
-use crate::source::dummy_connector::DummySplitReader;
-use crate::source::filesystem::{S3FileReader, S3SplitEnumerator};
-use crate::source::google_pubsub::{
-    PubsubProperties, PubsubSplit, PubsubSplitEnumerator, PubsubSplitReader,
-    GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR,
-};
-use crate::source::kafka::enumerator::KafkaSplitEnumerator;
-use crate::source::kafka::source::KafkaSplitReader;
+pub(crate) use crate::source::common::CommonSplitReader;
+use crate::source::datagen::{DatagenProperties, DatagenSplit, DATAGEN_CONNECTOR};
+use crate::source::google_pubsub::{PubsubProperties, PubsubSplit, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR};
 use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplit, KAFKA_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::kinesis::enumerator::client::KinesisSplitEnumerator;
-use crate::source::kinesis::source::reader::KinesisSplitReader;
 use crate::source::kinesis::split::KinesisSplit;
 use crate::source::kinesis::{KinesisProperties, KINESIS_CONNECTOR};
 use crate::source::monitor::EnumeratorMetrics;
-use crate::source::nats::split::NatsSplit;
+use crate::source::nats::source::NatsSplit;
 use crate::source::nats::{NatsProperties, NATS_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::nexmark::source::reader::NexmarkSplitReader;
-use crate::source::nexmark::{
-    NexmarkProperties, NexmarkSplit, NexmarkSplitEnumerator, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR,
-};
-use crate::source::pulsar::source::reader::PulsarSplitReader;
-use crate::source::pulsar::{
-    PulsarProperties, PulsarSplit, PulsarSplitEnumerator, PULSAR_CONNECTOR,
-};
-use crate::{impl_connector_properties, impl_split, impl_split_enumerator, impl_split_reader};
+use crate::source::nexmark::{NexmarkProperties, NexmarkSplit, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR};
+use crate::source::pulsar::{PulsarProperties, PulsarSplit, PULSAR_CONNECTOR};
+use crate::{impl_connector_properties, impl_split};
 
 const SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD: &str = "split_type";
 const SPLIT_INFO_FIELD: &str = "split_info";
 
+pub trait SourceProperties: Clone {
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str;
+    type Split: SplitMetaData + TryFrom<SplitImpl, Error = anyhow::Error> + Into<SplitImpl>;
+    type SplitEnumerator: SplitEnumerator<Properties = Self, Split = Self::Split>;
+    type SplitReader: SplitReader<Split = Self::Split, Properties = Self>;
+}
+
+pub async fn create_split_reader<P: SourceProperties>(
+    prop: P,
+    splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+    parser_config: ParserConfig,
+    source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
+    columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
+) -> Result<P::SplitReader> {
+    let splits = splits.into_iter().map(P::Split::try_from).try_collect()?;
+    P::SplitReader::new(prop, splits, parser_config, source_ctx, columns).await
+}
+
 /// [`SplitEnumerator`] fetches the split metadata from the external source service.
 /// NOTE: It runs in the meta server, so probably it should be moved to the `meta` crate.
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait SplitEnumerator: Sized {
-    type Split: SplitMetaData + Send + Sync;
+    type Split: SplitMetaData + Send;
     type Properties;
 
     async fn new(properties: Self::Properties, context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef)
@@ -276,12 +274,13 @@ impl From<StreamChunk> for StreamChunkWithState {
 /// responsible for parsing, it is used to read messages from the outside and transform them into a
 /// stream of parsed [`StreamChunk`]
 #[async_trait]
-pub trait SplitReader: Sized {
+pub trait SplitReader: Sized + Send {
     type Properties;
+    type Split: SplitMetaData;
 
     async fn new(
         properties: Self::Properties,
-        state: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        state: Vec<Self::Split>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
@@ -303,7 +302,27 @@ pub enum ConnectorProperties {
     CitusCdc(Box<CdcProperties<Citus>>),
     GooglePubsub(Box<PubsubProperties>),
     Nats(Box<NatsProperties>),
-    Dummy(Box<()>),
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_source_prop {
+    ($impl:expr, $source_prop:ident, $body:tt) => {{
+        use $crate::source::base::ConnectorProperties;
+
+        match $impl {
+            ConnectorProperties::Kafka($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::Pulsar($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::Kinesis($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::Nexmark($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::Datagen($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::S3($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::MysqlCdc($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::PostgresCdc($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::CitusCdc($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::GooglePubsub($source_prop) => $body,
+            ConnectorProperties::Nats($source_prop) => $body,
+        }
+    }};
 }
 
 impl ConnectorProperties {
@@ -345,35 +364,6 @@ impl SplitImpl {
     }
 }
 
-pub enum SplitReaderImpl {
-    S3(Box<S3FileReader>),
-    Dummy(Box<DummySplitReader>),
-    Kinesis(Box<KinesisSplitReader>),
-    Kafka(Box<KafkaSplitReader>),
-    Nexmark(Box<NexmarkSplitReader>),
-    Pulsar(Box<PulsarSplitReader>),
-    Datagen(Box<DatagenSplitReader>),
-    MysqlCdc(Box<CdcSplitReader<Mysql>>),
-    PostgresCdc(Box<CdcSplitReader<Postgres>>),
-    CitusCdc(Box<CdcSplitReader<Citus>>),
-    GooglePubsub(Box<PubsubSplitReader>),
-    Nats(Box<NatsSplitReader>),
-}
-
-pub enum SplitEnumeratorImpl {
-    Kafka(KafkaSplitEnumerator),
-    Pulsar(PulsarSplitEnumerator),
-    Kinesis(KinesisSplitEnumerator),
-    Nexmark(NexmarkSplitEnumerator),
-    Datagen(DatagenSplitEnumerator),
-    MysqlCdc(MysqlDebeziumSplitEnumerator),
-    PostgresCdc(PostgresDebeziumSplitEnumerator),
-    CitusCdc(CitusDebeziumSplitEnumerator),
-    GooglePubsub(PubsubSplitEnumerator),
-    S3(S3SplitEnumerator),
-    Nats(NatsSplitEnumerator),
-}
-
 impl_connector_properties! {
     { Kafka, KAFKA_CONNECTOR },
     { Pulsar, PULSAR_CONNECTOR },
@@ -385,20 +375,6 @@ impl_connector_properties! {
     { Nats, NATS_CONNECTOR }
 }
 
-impl_split_enumerator! {
-    { Kafka, KafkaSplitEnumerator },
-    { Pulsar, PulsarSplitEnumerator },
-    { Kinesis, KinesisSplitEnumerator },
-    { Nexmark, NexmarkSplitEnumerator },
-    { Datagen, DatagenSplitEnumerator },
-    { MysqlCdc, DebeziumSplitEnumerator },
-    { PostgresCdc, DebeziumSplitEnumerator },
-    { CitusCdc, DebeziumSplitEnumerator },
-    { GooglePubsub, PubsubSplitEnumerator},
-    { S3, S3SplitEnumerator },
-    { Nats, NatsSplitEnumerator }
-}
-
 impl_split! {
     { Kafka, KAFKA_CONNECTOR, KafkaSplit },
     { Pulsar, PULSAR_CONNECTOR, PulsarSplit },
@@ -413,21 +389,6 @@ impl_split! {
     { Nats, NATS_CONNECTOR, NatsSplit }
 }
 
-impl_split_reader! {
-    { S3, S3FileReader },
-    { Kafka, KafkaSplitReader },
-    { Pulsar, PulsarSplitReader },
-    { Kinesis, KinesisSplitReader },
-    { Nexmark, NexmarkSplitReader },
-    { Datagen, DatagenSplitReader },
-    { MysqlCdc, CdcSplitReader},
-    { PostgresCdc, CdcSplitReader},
-    { CitusCdc, CdcSplitReader },
-    { GooglePubsub, PubsubSplitReader },
-    { Nats, NatsSplitReader },
-    { Dummy, DummySplitReader }
-}
-
 pub type DataType = risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -491,7 +452,7 @@ pub trait SplitMetaData: Sized {
 /// [`ConnectorState`] maintains the consuming splits' info. In specific split readers,
 /// `ConnectorState` cannot be [`None`] and contains one(for mq split readers) or many(for fs
 /// split readers) [`SplitImpl`]. If no split is assigned to source executor, `ConnectorState` is
-/// [`None`] and [`DummySplitReader`] is up instead of other split readers.
+/// [`None`] and the created source stream will be a pending stream.
 pub type ConnectorState = Option<Vec<SplitImpl>>;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
index 86a8b16adec02..e7054060a6f2b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub use source::*;
 pub use split::*;
 
 use crate::impl_cdc_source_type;
-use crate::source::ConnectorProperties;
+use crate::source::{ConnectorProperties, SourceProperties, SplitImpl};
 
 pub const CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME_SUFFIX: &str = "-cdc";
 
@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ pub struct CdcProperties<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
     pub _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SourceProperties for CdcProperties<T>
+where
+    DebeziumCdcSplit<T>: TryFrom<SplitImpl, Error = anyhow::Error> + Into<SplitImpl>,
+    DebeziumSplitEnumerator<T>: ListCdcSplits<CdcSourceType = T>,
+{
+    type Split = DebeziumCdcSplit<T>;
+    type SplitEnumerator = DebeziumSplitEnumerator<T>;
+    type SplitReader = CdcSplitReader<T>;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = T::CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME;
+}
+
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CdcProperties<T> {
     pub fn get_source_type_pb(&self) -> SourceType {
         SourceType::from(T::source_type())
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index 6c76d838af128..f85367d32e5bf 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 use crate::source::base::SourceMessage;
 use crate::source::cdc::{CdcProperties, CdcSourceType, CdcSourceTypeTrait, DebeziumCdcSplit};
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
-    SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, SourceContextRef,
+    SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct CdcSplitReader<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
@@ -53,22 +52,20 @@ pub struct CdcSplitReader<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
 const DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 16;
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T>
-where
-    DebeziumCdcSplit<T>: TryFrom<SplitImpl, Error = anyhow::Error>,
-{
+impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
     type Properties = CdcProperties<T>;
+    type Split = DebeziumCdcSplit<T>;
 
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn new(
         conn_props: CdcProperties<T>,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<DebeziumCdcSplit<T>>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         assert_eq!(splits.len(), 1);
-        let split = DebeziumCdcSplit::<T>::try_from(splits.into_iter().next().unwrap())?;
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
         let split_id = split.id();
         match T::source_type() {
             CdcSourceType::Mysql | CdcSourceType::Postgres => Ok(Self {
@@ -101,10 +98,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T>
-where
-    Self: SplitReader,
-{
+impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
     #[try_stream(ok = Vec<SourceMessage>, error = anyhow::Error)]
     async fn into_data_stream(self) {
         // rewrite the hostname and port for the split
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/common.rs b/src/connector/src/source/common.rs
index 02f1cbde3de38..86ad60cc1b969 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/common.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub(crate) trait CommonSplitReader: SplitReader + 'static {
 
 #[try_stream(boxed, ok = StreamChunkWithState, error = RwError)]
 pub(crate) async fn into_chunk_stream(
-    reader: impl CommonSplitReader + Send,
+    reader: impl CommonSplitReader,
     parser_config: ParserConfig,
     source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
 ) {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/mod.rs
index c0d9717db5366..af2dd2c388e92 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 pub use source::*;
 pub use split::*;
 
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
+
 pub const DATAGEN_CONNECTOR: &str = "datagen";
 
 #[serde_as]
@@ -55,6 +57,14 @@ pub struct DatagenProperties {
     fields: HashMap<String, String>,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for DatagenProperties {
+    type Split = DatagenSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = DatagenSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = DatagenSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = DATAGEN_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 fn default_rows_per_second() -> u64 {
     10
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
index 30d1bfae10c4e..3840b0e1f5dbc 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
@@ -21,13 +21,12 @@ use risingwave_common::field_generator::{FieldGeneratorImpl, VarcharProperty};
 
 use super::generator::DatagenEventGenerator;
 use crate::parser::{EncodingProperties, ParserConfig, ProtocolProperties};
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::data_gen_util::spawn_data_generation_stream;
 use crate::source::datagen::source::SEQUENCE_FIELD_KIND;
 use crate::source::datagen::{DatagenProperties, DatagenSplit, FieldDesc};
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, DataType, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId,
-    SplitImpl, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, DataType,
+    SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct DatagenSplitReader {
@@ -42,16 +41,16 @@ pub struct DatagenSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for DatagenSplitReader {
     type Properties = DatagenProperties;
+    type Split = DatagenSplit;
 
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn new(
         properties: DatagenProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<DatagenSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut assigned_split = DatagenSplit::default();
         let mut events_so_far = u64::default();
         tracing::debug!("Splits for datagen found! {:?}", splits);
 
@@ -59,14 +58,12 @@ impl SplitReader for DatagenSplitReader {
         let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
         // TODO: currently, assume there's only on split in one reader
         let split_id = split.id();
-        if let SplitImpl::Datagen(n) = split {
-            if let Some(s) = n.start_offset {
-                // start_offset in `SplitImpl` indicates the latest successfully generated
-                // index, so here we use start_offset+1
-                events_so_far = s + 1;
-            };
-            assigned_split = n;
-        }
+        let assigned_split = split;
+        if let Some(s) = assigned_split.start_offset {
+            // start_offset in `SplitImpl` indicates the latest successfully generated
+            // index, so here we use start_offset+1
+            events_so_far = s + 1;
+        };
 
         let split_index = assigned_split.split_index as u64;
         let split_num = assigned_split.split_num as u64;
@@ -180,7 +177,7 @@ impl CommonSplitReader for DatagenSplitReader {
     fn into_data_stream(self) -> impl Stream<Item = Result<Vec<SourceMessage>, anyhow::Error>> {
         // Will buffer at most 4 event chunks.
         const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 4;
-        spawn_data_generation_stream(self.generator.into_msg_stream(), BUFFER_SIZE).boxed()
+        spawn_data_generation_stream(self.generator.into_msg_stream(), BUFFER_SIZE)
     }
 }
 
@@ -346,11 +343,11 @@ mod tests {
                 is_visible: true,
             },
         ];
-        let state = vec![SplitImpl::Datagen(DatagenSplit {
+        let state = vec![DatagenSplit {
             split_index: 0,
             split_num: 1,
             start_offset: None,
-        })];
+        }];
         let properties = DatagenProperties {
             split_num: None,
             rows_per_second: 10,
@@ -424,11 +421,11 @@ mod tests {
                 is_visible: true,
             },
         ];
-        let state = vec![SplitImpl::Datagen(DatagenSplit {
+        let state = vec![DatagenSplit {
             split_index: 0,
             split_num: 1,
             start_offset: None,
-        })];
+        }];
         let properties = DatagenProperties {
             split_num: None,
             rows_per_second: 10,
@@ -454,11 +451,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         let v1 = stream.skip(1).next().await.unwrap()?;
 
-        let state = vec![SplitImpl::Datagen(DatagenSplit {
+        let state = vec![DatagenSplit {
             split_index: 0,
             split_num: 1,
             start_offset: Some(9),
-        })];
+        }];
         let mut stream = DatagenSplitReader::new(
             properties,
             state,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/dummy_connector.rs b/src/connector/src/source/dummy_connector.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a5b8922fd29a..0000000000000
--- a/src/connector/src/source/dummy_connector.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use anyhow::Result;
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use futures::StreamExt;
-
-use super::{SourceContextRef, SplitImpl, SplitReader};
-use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
-use crate::source::{BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column};
-
-/// [`DummySplitReader`] is a placeholder for source executor that is assigned no split. It will
-/// wait forever when calling `next`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct DummySplitReader;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl SplitReader for DummySplitReader {
-    type Properties = ();
-
-    async fn new(
-        _properties: Self::Properties,
-        _state: Vec<SplitImpl>,
-        _parser_config: ParserConfig,
-        _source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
-        _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {})
-    }
-
-    fn into_stream(self) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream {
-        futures::stream::pending().boxed()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
index 62f6bcd922a80..12701087309e0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 pub use source::S3FileReader;
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
+use crate::source::filesystem::FsSplit;
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
 
 pub const S3_CONNECTOR: &str = "s3";
 
@@ -38,6 +40,14 @@ pub struct S3Properties {
     endpoint_url: Option<String>,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for S3Properties {
+    type Split = FsSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = S3SplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = S3FileReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = S3_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 impl From<&S3Properties> for AwsAuthProps {
     fn from(props: &S3Properties) -> Self {
         Self {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
index b20822139d181..736e4493d3f55 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::source::filesystem::file_common::FsSplit;
 use crate::source::filesystem::nd_streaming;
 use crate::source::filesystem::s3::S3Properties;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SourceMeta, SplitImpl,
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SourceMeta,
     StreamChunkWithState,
 };
 const MAX_CHANNEL_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 2048;
@@ -164,10 +164,11 @@ impl S3FileReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for S3FileReader {
     type Properties = S3Properties;
+    type Split = FsSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         props: S3Properties,
-        state: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<FsSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
@@ -179,10 +180,6 @@ impl SplitReader for S3FileReader {
         let bucket_name = props.bucket_name;
         let s3_client = s3_client(&sdk_config, Some(default_conn_config()));
 
-        let splits = state
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|split| split.into_fs().expect("not a fs split"))
-            .collect();
         let s3_file_reader = S3FileReader {
             split_offset: HashMap::new(),
             bucket_name,
@@ -272,8 +269,6 @@ mod tests {
         let splits = enumerator.list_splits().await.unwrap();
         println!("splits {:?}", splits);
 
-        let splits = splits.into_iter().map(SplitImpl::S3).collect();
-
         let descs = vec![
             SourceColumnDesc::simple("id", DataType::Int64, 1.into()),
             SourceColumnDesc::simple("name", DataType::Varchar, 2.into()),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/mod.rs
index 0c93f672ccdb5..c4c2e5c716a13 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/mod.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 pub use source::*;
 pub use split::*;
 
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
+
 pub const GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR: &str = "google_pubsub";
 
 #[serde_as]
@@ -70,6 +72,14 @@ pub struct PubsubProperties {
     pub start_snapshot: Option<String>,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for PubsubProperties {
+    type Split = PubsubSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = PubsubSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = PubsubSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 impl PubsubProperties {
     /// `initialize_env` sets environment variables read by the `google-cloud-pubsub` crate
     pub(crate) fn initialize_env(&self) {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
index d4fa8a9ab5c98..18aeeecc050e4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
@@ -23,11 +23,10 @@ use tonic::Code;
 
 use super::TaggedReceivedMessage;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
-use crate::source::google_pubsub::PubsubProperties;
+use crate::source::google_pubsub::{PubsubProperties, PubsubSplit};
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitImpl,
-    SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, SourceContextRef,
+    SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 const PUBSUB_MAX_FETCH_MESSAGES: usize = 1024;
@@ -107,10 +106,11 @@ impl CommonSplitReader for PubsubSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for PubsubSplitReader {
     type Properties = PubsubProperties;
+    type Split = PubsubSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         properties: PubsubProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<PubsubSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
@@ -119,12 +119,7 @@ impl SplitReader for PubsubSplitReader {
             splits.len() == 1,
             "the pubsub reader only supports a single split"
         );
-        let split = splits
-            .into_iter()
-            .next()
-            .unwrap()
-            .into_google_pubsub()
-            .unwrap();
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
 
         // Set environment variables consumed by `google_cloud_pubsub`
         properties.initialize_env();
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
index 50fabadb41365..c74ae3ac6152f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ pub use source::*;
 pub use split::*;
 
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
+
 pub const KAFKA_CONNECTOR: &str = "kafka";
 pub const KAFKA_PROPS_BROKER_KEY: &str = "properties.bootstrap.server";
 pub const KAFKA_PROPS_BROKER_KEY_ALIAS: &str = "kafka.brokers";
@@ -123,6 +125,14 @@ pub struct KafkaProperties {
     pub rdkafka_properties: RdKafkaPropertiesConsumer,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for KafkaProperties {
+    type Split = KafkaSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = KafkaSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = KafkaSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = KAFKA_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 impl KafkaProperties {
     pub fn set_client(&self, c: &mut rdkafka::ClientConfig) {
         self.common.set_client(c);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
index 65887bb825f92..f9f6a9472a1a5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/source/reader.rs
@@ -28,13 +28,12 @@ use rdkafka::{ClientConfig, Message, Offset, TopicPartitionList};
 
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 use crate::source::base::SourceMessage;
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::kafka::{
     KafkaProperties, KafkaSplit, PrivateLinkConsumerContext, KAFKA_ISOLATION_LEVEL,
 };
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
-    SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, SourceContextRef,
+    SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct KafkaSplitReader {
@@ -49,10 +48,11 @@ pub struct KafkaSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for KafkaSplitReader {
     type Properties = KafkaProperties;
+    type Split = KafkaSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         properties: KafkaProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<KafkaSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
@@ -107,11 +107,6 @@ impl SplitReader for KafkaSplitReader {
             .await
             .map_err(|e| anyhow!("failed to create kafka consumer: {}", e))?;
 
-        let splits = splits
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|split| split.into_kafka().unwrap())
-            .collect::<Vec<KafkaSplit>>();
-
         let mut tpl = TopicPartitionList::with_capacity(splits.len());
 
         let mut offsets = HashMap::new();
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
index fc786f8f1b10d..6ad250fc93018 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ pub mod split;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
+use crate::source::kinesis::enumerator::client::KinesisSplitEnumerator;
+use crate::source::kinesis::source::reader::KinesisSplitReader;
+use crate::source::kinesis::split::KinesisSplit;
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
 
 pub const KINESIS_CONNECTOR: &str = "kinesis";
 
@@ -36,3 +40,11 @@ pub struct KinesisProperties {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: KinesisCommon,
 }
+
+impl SourceProperties for KinesisProperties {
+    type Split = KinesisSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = KinesisSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = KinesisSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = KINESIS_CONNECTOR;
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
index f4aad6ad80587..fed48c5162a44 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use tokio_retry;
 
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::kinesis::source::message::KinesisMessage;
-use crate::source::kinesis::split::KinesisOffset;
+use crate::source::kinesis::split::{KinesisOffset, KinesisSplit};
 use crate::source::kinesis::KinesisProperties;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitImpl,
-    SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, SourceContextRef,
+    SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -51,17 +50,18 @@ pub struct KinesisSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for KinesisSplitReader {
     type Properties = KinesisProperties;
+    type Split = KinesisSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         properties: KinesisProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<KinesisSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         assert!(splits.len() == 1);
 
-        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap().into_kinesis().unwrap();
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
 
         let start_position = match &split.start_position {
             KinesisOffset::None => match &properties.scan_startup_mode {
@@ -314,11 +314,11 @@ mod tests {
         };
         let client = KinesisSplitReader::new(
             properties,
-            vec![SplitImpl::Kinesis(KinesisSplit {
+            vec![KinesisSplit {
                 shard_id: "shardId-000000000001".to_string().into(),
                 start_position: KinesisOffset::Earliest,
                 end_position: KinesisOffset::None,
-            })],
+            }],
             Default::default(),
             Default::default(),
             None,
@@ -348,11 +348,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         let trim_horizen_reader = KinesisSplitReader::new(
             properties.clone(),
-            vec![SplitImpl::Kinesis(KinesisSplit {
+            vec![KinesisSplit {
                 shard_id: "shardId-000000000001".to_string().into(),
                 start_position: KinesisOffset::Earliest,
                 end_position: KinesisOffset::None,
-            })],
+            }],
             Default::default(),
             Default::default(),
             None,
@@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let offset_reader = KinesisSplitReader::new(
             properties.clone(),
-            vec![SplitImpl::Kinesis(KinesisSplit {
+            vec![KinesisSplit {
                 shard_id: "shardId-000000000001".to_string().into(),
                 start_position: KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(
                     "49629139817504901062972448413535783695568426186596941842".to_string(),
                 ),
                 end_position: KinesisOffset::None,
-            })],
+            }],
             Default::default(),
             Default::default(),
             None,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
index ed3979ba67ca2..20a9f706e60b5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ pub mod base;
 pub mod cdc;
 pub mod data_gen_util;
 pub mod datagen;
-pub mod dummy_connector;
 pub mod filesystem;
 pub mod google_pubsub;
 pub mod kafka;
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ pub mod nats;
 pub mod nexmark;
 pub mod pulsar;
 pub use base::*;
+pub(crate) use common::*;
 pub use google_pubsub::GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR;
 pub use kafka::KAFKA_CONNECTOR;
 pub use kinesis::KINESIS_CONNECTOR;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
index 2aa9dc2de55f2..1d887e342f1f8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ pub mod split;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::common::NatsCommon;
+use crate::source::nats::enumerator::NatsSplitEnumerator;
+use crate::source::nats::source::{NatsSplit, NatsSplitReader};
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
+
 pub const NATS_CONNECTOR: &str = "nats";
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -28,3 +32,11 @@ pub struct NatsProperties {
 }
 
 impl NatsProperties {}
+
+impl SourceProperties for NatsProperties {
+    type Split = NatsSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = NatsSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = NatsSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = NATS_CONNECTOR;
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
index c0070a16c1392..d958b5a898495 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::nats::split::NatsSplit;
 use crate::source::nats::NatsProperties;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitImpl, SplitReader,
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct NatsSplitReader {
@@ -36,20 +36,17 @@ pub struct NatsSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for NatsSplitReader {
     type Properties = NatsProperties;
+    type Split = NatsSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         properties: NatsProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<NatsSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         // TODO: to simplify the logic, return 1 split for first version
         assert!(splits.len() == 1);
-        let splits = splits
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|split| split.into_nats().unwrap())
-            .collect::<Vec<NatsSplit>>();
         let consumer = properties
             .common
             .build_consumer(0, splits[0].start_sequence)
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/mod.rs
index 679306cf96b22..e1f75ae1008e7 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/mod.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 pub use split::*;
 
+use crate::source::nexmark::source::reader::NexmarkSplitReader;
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
+
 pub const NEXMARK_CONNECTOR: &str = "nexmark";
 
 const fn identity_i32<const V: i32>() -> i32 {
@@ -217,6 +220,14 @@ pub struct NexmarkPropertiesInner {
     pub threads: Option<usize>,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for NexmarkProperties {
+    type Split = NexmarkSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = NexmarkSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = NexmarkSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = NEXMARK_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 fn default_event_num() -> u64 {
     u64::MAX
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/source/reader.rs
index 190a3f1cbb63d..a2ca20f1a1f0b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/source/reader.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ use crate::source::nexmark::source::combined_event::{
 };
 use crate::source::nexmark::{NexmarkProperties, NexmarkSplit};
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
-    SplitReader, StreamChunkWithState,
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
+    StreamChunkWithState,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -55,11 +55,12 @@ pub struct NexmarkSplitReader {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for NexmarkSplitReader {
     type Properties = NexmarkProperties;
+    type Split = NexmarkSplit;
 
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn new(
         properties: NexmarkProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<NexmarkSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ impl SplitReader for NexmarkSplitReader {
         tracing::debug!("Splits for nexmark found! {:?}", splits);
         assert!(splits.len() == 1);
         // TODO: currently, assume there's only one split in one reader
-        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap().into_nexmark().unwrap();
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
         let split_id = split.id();
 
         let split_index = split.split_index as u64;
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::source::nexmark::{NexmarkPropertiesInner, NexmarkSplitEnumerator};
-    use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator, SplitImpl};
+    use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_nexmark_split_reader() -> Result<()> {
@@ -197,12 +198,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut enumerator =
             NexmarkSplitEnumerator::new(props.clone(), SourceEnumeratorContext::default().into())
                 .await?;
-        let list_splits_resp: Vec<SplitImpl> = enumerator
-            .list_splits()
-            .await?
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(SplitImpl::Nexmark)
-            .collect();
+        let list_splits_resp: Vec<_> = enumerator.list_splits().await?.into_iter().collect();
 
         assert_eq!(list_splits_resp.len(), 2);
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
index 5d2bbfa332307..1dbcdf2e7bfb7 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ use url::Url;
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
+use crate::source::pulsar::source::reader::PulsarSplitReader;
+use crate::source::SourceProperties;
 
 pub const PULSAR_CONNECTOR: &str = "pulsar";
 
@@ -76,6 +78,14 @@ pub struct PulsarProperties {
     pub oauth: Option<PulsarOauth>,
 }
 
+impl SourceProperties for PulsarProperties {
+    type Split = PulsarSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = PulsarSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = PulsarSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = PULSAR_CONNECTOR;
+}
+
 impl PulsarProperties {
     pub async fn build_pulsar_client(&self) -> Result<Pulsar<TokioExecutor>> {
         let mut pulsar_builder = Pulsar::builder(&self.service_url, TokioExecutor);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
index 9c749c27d616a..db6ccfedd726b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
@@ -22,15 +22,13 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pulsar::consumer::InitialPosition;
 use pulsar::message::proto::MessageIdData;
 use pulsar::{Consumer, ConsumerBuilder, ConsumerOptions, Pulsar, SubType, TokioExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::try_match_expand;
 
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
-use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
 use crate::source::pulsar::split::PulsarSplit;
 use crate::source::pulsar::{PulsarEnumeratorOffset, PulsarProperties};
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitImpl,
-    SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
+    into_chunk_stream, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, CommonSplitReader, SourceContextRef,
+    SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct PulsarSplitReader {
@@ -88,16 +86,17 @@ fn parse_message_id(id: &str) -> Result<MessageIdData> {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SplitReader for PulsarSplitReader {
     type Properties = PulsarProperties;
+    type Split = PulsarSplit;
 
     async fn new(
         props: PulsarProperties,
-        splits: Vec<SplitImpl>,
+        splits: Vec<PulsarSplit>,
         parser_config: ParserConfig,
         source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
         _columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(splits.len() == 1, "only support single split");
-        let split = try_match_expand!(splits.into_iter().next().unwrap(), SplitImpl::Pulsar)?;
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
         let pulsar = props.build_pulsar_client().await?;
         let topic = split.topic.to_string();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
index ee40882c4cbf1..7fa512fcbb05a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::TableDesc;
 use risingwave_common::error::RwError;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{ParallelUnitId, ParallelUnitMapping, VirtualNode};
 use risingwave_common::util::scan_range::ScanRange;
+use risingwave_connector::source::kafka::KafkaSplitEnumerator;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumeratorImpl, SplitImpl,
+    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator, SplitImpl,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::{ExchangeInfo, ScanRange as ScanRangeProto};
@@ -266,19 +267,17 @@ impl SourceScanInfo {
                 unreachable!("Never call complete when SourceScanInfo is already complete")
             }
         };
-        let mut enumerator = SplitEnumeratorImpl::create(
-            fetch_info.connector,
-            SourceEnumeratorContext::default().into(),
-        )
-        .await?;
-        let kafka_enumerator = match enumerator {
-            SplitEnumeratorImpl::Kafka(ref mut kafka_enumerator) => kafka_enumerator,
+        let kafka_prop = match fetch_info.connector {
+            ConnectorProperties::Kafka(prop) => *prop,
             _ => {
                 return Err(SchedulerError::Internal(anyhow!(
                     "Unsupported to query directly from this source"
                 )))
             }
         };
+        let mut kafka_enumerator =
+            KafkaSplitEnumerator::new(kafka_prop, SourceEnumeratorContext::default().into())
+                .await?;
         let split_info = kafka_enumerator
             .list_splits_batch(fetch_info.timebound.0, fetch_info.timebound.1)
             .await?
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
index 141abd9a0aab9..b1544f3076a46 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use regex::Regex;
+use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::source::kafka::private_link::insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumeratorImpl,
+    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SourceProperties, SplitEnumerator,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::Info::PrivateLinkService;
 use risingwave_pb::cloud_service::cloud_service_server::CloudService;
@@ -139,36 +140,43 @@ impl CloudService for CloudServiceImpl {
                 e.to_string(),
             ));
         };
-        let enumerator =
-            SplitEnumeratorImpl::create(props.unwrap(), SourceEnumeratorContext::default().into())
-                .await;
-        if let Err(e) = enumerator {
-            return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
-                ErrorType::KafkaInvalidProperties,
-                e.to_string(),
-            ));
+
+        async fn new_enumerator<P: SourceProperties>(
+            props: P,
+        ) -> Result<P::SplitEnumerator, anyhow::Error> {
+            P::SplitEnumerator::new(props, SourceEnumeratorContext::default().into()).await
         }
-        if let Err(e) = enumerator.unwrap().list_splits().await {
-            let error_message = e.to_string();
-            if error_message.contains("BrokerTransportFailure") {
+
+        dispatch_source_prop!(props.unwrap(), props, {
+            let enumerator = new_enumerator(*props).await;
+            if let Err(e) = enumerator {
                 return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
-                    ErrorType::KafkaBrokerUnreachable,
+                    ErrorType::KafkaInvalidProperties,
                     e.to_string(),
                 ));
             }
-            static TOPIC_NOT_FOUND: LazyLock<Regex> =
-                LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"topic .* not found").unwrap());
-            if TOPIC_NOT_FOUND.is_match(error_message.as_str()) {
+            if let Err(e) = enumerator.unwrap().list_splits().await {
+                let error_message = e.to_string();
+                if error_message.contains("BrokerTransportFailure") {
+                    return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
+                        ErrorType::KafkaBrokerUnreachable,
+                        e.to_string(),
+                    ));
+                }
+                static TOPIC_NOT_FOUND: LazyLock<Regex> =
+                    LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"topic .* not found").unwrap());
+                if TOPIC_NOT_FOUND.is_match(error_message.as_str()) {
+                    return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
+                        ErrorType::KafkaTopicNotFound,
+                        e.to_string(),
+                    ));
+                }
                 return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
-                    ErrorType::KafkaTopicNotFound,
+                    ErrorType::KafkaOther,
                     e.to_string(),
                 ));
             }
-            return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
-                ErrorType::KafkaOther,
-                e.to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
+        });
         Ok(Response::new(RwCloudValidateSourceResponse {
             ok: true,
             error: None,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index a6b25d5fba4d7..cae431aa5b188 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SourceEnumeratorInfo, SplitEnumeratorImpl,
-    SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
+    ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SourceEnumeratorInfo, SourceProperties,
+    SplitEnumerator, SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Source;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::PbTableSchema;
@@ -61,23 +63,52 @@ struct SharedSplitMap {
 
 type SharedSplitMapRef = Arc<Mutex<SharedSplitMap>>;
 
-struct ConnectorSourceWorker {
+struct ConnectorSourceWorker<P: SourceProperties> {
     source_id: SourceId,
     source_name: String,
     current_splits: SharedSplitMapRef,
-    enumerator: SplitEnumeratorImpl,
+    enumerator: P::SplitEnumerator,
     period: Duration,
     metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
-    connector_properties: ConnectorProperties,
+    connector_properties: P,
     connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
     fail_cnt: u32,
 }
 
-impl ConnectorSourceWorker {
-    const DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+fn extract_prop_from_source(source: &Source) -> MetaResult<ConnectorProperties> {
+    let mut properties = ConnectorProperties::extract(source.properties.clone())?;
+    if properties.is_cdc_connector() {
+        let pk_indices = source
+            .pk_column_ids
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&id| {
+                source
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|col| col.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap().column_id == id)
+                    .unwrap() as u32
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
 
+        let table_schema = PbTableSchema {
+            columns: source
+                .columns
+                .iter()
+                .flat_map(|col| &col.column_desc)
+                .cloned()
+                .collect(),
+            pk_indices,
+        };
+        properties.init_cdc_properties(table_schema);
+    }
+    Ok(properties)
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+
+impl<P: SourceProperties> ConnectorSourceWorker<P> {
     async fn refresh(&mut self) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let enumerator = SplitEnumeratorImpl::create(
+        let enumerator = P::SplitEnumerator::new(
             self.connector_properties.clone(),
             Arc::new(SourceEnumeratorContext {
                 metrics: self.metrics.source_enumerator_metrics.clone(),
@@ -97,17 +128,13 @@ impl ConnectorSourceWorker {
     pub async fn create(
         connector_client: &Option<ConnectorClient>,
         source: &Source,
+        connector_properties: P,
         period: Duration,
         splits: Arc<Mutex<SharedSplitMap>>,
         metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
     ) -> MetaResult<Self> {
-        let mut properties = ConnectorProperties::extract(source.properties.clone())?;
-        if properties.is_cdc_connector() {
-            let table_schema = Self::extract_source_schema(source);
-            properties.init_cdc_properties(table_schema);
-        }
-        let enumerator = SplitEnumeratorImpl::create(
-            properties.clone(),
+        let enumerator = P::SplitEnumerator::new(
+            connector_properties.clone(),
             Arc::new(SourceEnumeratorContext {
                 metrics: metrics.source_enumerator_metrics.clone(),
                 info: SourceEnumeratorInfo {
@@ -125,7 +152,7 @@ impl ConnectorSourceWorker {
             enumerator,
             period,
             metrics,
-            connector_properties: properties,
+            connector_properties,
             connector_client: connector_client.clone(),
             fail_cnt: 0,
         })
@@ -177,36 +204,12 @@ impl ConnectorSourceWorker {
         current_splits.splits.replace(
             splits
                 .into_iter()
-                .map(|split| (split.id(), split))
+                .map(|split| (split.id(), P::Split::into(split)))
                 .collect(),
         );
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    fn extract_source_schema(source: &Source) -> PbTableSchema {
-        let pk_indices = source
-            .pk_column_ids
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&id| {
-                source
-                    .columns
-                    .iter()
-                    .position(|col| col.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap().column_id == id)
-                    .unwrap() as u32
-            })
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        PbTableSchema {
-            columns: source
-                .columns
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|col| &col.column_desc)
-                .cloned()
-                .collect(),
-            pk_indices,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 struct ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle {
@@ -526,7 +529,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                     source,
                     &mut managed_sources,
                     metrics.clone(),
-                )
+                )?
             }
         }
 
@@ -712,7 +715,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
         source: Source,
         managed_sources: &mut HashMap<SourceId, ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle>,
         metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
-    ) {
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         tracing::info!("spawning new watcher for source {}", source.id);
 
         let (sync_call_tx, sync_call_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
@@ -721,32 +724,37 @@ impl SourceManager {
         let current_splits_ref = splits.clone();
         let source_id = source.id;
 
+        let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(&source)?;
+
         let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
             let mut ticker = time::interval(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_INTERVAL);
             ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
 
-            let mut worker = loop {
-                ticker.tick().await;
-
-                match ConnectorSourceWorker::create(
-                    &connector_client,
-                    &source,
-                    ConnectorSourceWorker::DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL,
-                    splits.clone(),
-                    metrics.clone(),
-                )
-                .await
-                {
-                    Ok(worker) => {
-                        break worker;
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        tracing::warn!("failed to create source worker: {}", e);
+            dispatch_source_prop!(connector_properties, prop, {
+                let mut worker = loop {
+                    ticker.tick().await;
+
+                    match ConnectorSourceWorker::create(
+                        &connector_client,
+                        &source,
+                        prop.deref().clone(),
+                        DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL,
+                        splits.clone(),
+                        metrics.clone(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    {
+                        Ok(worker) => {
+                            break worker;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::warn!("failed to create source worker: {}", e);
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-            };
+                };
 
-            worker.run(sync_call_rx).await
+                worker.run(sync_call_rx).await
+            });
         });
 
         managed_sources.insert(
@@ -757,6 +765,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                 splits: current_splits_ref,
             },
         );
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn create_source_worker(
@@ -767,38 +776,41 @@ impl SourceManager {
         metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let current_splits_ref = Arc::new(Mutex::new(SharedSplitMap { splits: None }));
-        let mut worker = ConnectorSourceWorker::create(
-            &connector_client,
-            source,
-            ConnectorSourceWorker::DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL,
-            current_splits_ref.clone(),
-            metrics,
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-        tracing::info!("spawning new watcher for source {}", source.id);
-
-        // don't force tick in process of recovery. One source down should not lead to meta recovery
-        // failure.
-        if force_tick {
-            // if fail to fetch meta info, will refuse to create source
-
-            // todo: make the timeout configurable, longer than `properties.sync.call.timeout` in
-            // kafka
-            tokio::time::timeout(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_TIMEOUT, worker.tick())
-                .await
-                .map_err(|_e| {
-                    anyhow!(
-                        "failed to fetch meta info for source {}, error: timeout {}",
-                        source.id,
-                        Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_TIMEOUT.as_secs()
-                    )
-                })??;
-        }
-
+        let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(source)?;
         let (sync_call_tx, sync_call_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let handle = dispatch_source_prop!(connector_properties, prop, {
+            let mut worker = ConnectorSourceWorker::create(
+                &connector_client,
+                source,
+                *prop,
+                DEFAULT_SOURCE_WORKER_TICK_INTERVAL,
+                current_splits_ref.clone(),
+                metrics,
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+            tracing::info!("spawning new watcher for source {}", source.id);
+
+            // don't force tick in process of recovery. One source down should not lead to meta
+            // recovery failure.
+            if force_tick {
+                // if fail to fetch meta info, will refuse to create source
+
+                // todo: make the timeout configurable, longer than `properties.sync.call.timeout`
+                // in kafka
+                tokio::time::timeout(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_TIMEOUT, worker.tick())
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|_e| {
+                        anyhow!(
+                            "failed to fetch meta info for source {}, error: timeout {}",
+                            source.id,
+                            Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_TIMEOUT.as_secs()
+                        )
+                    })??;
+            }
 
-        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await });
+            tokio::spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await })
+        });
 
         managed_sources.insert(
             source.id,
diff --git a/src/source/src/connector_source.rs b/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
index df0dc8e147a59..445bf0f6dbb90 100644
--- a/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::stream::pending;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnId;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ConnectorError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, Result};
 use risingwave_common::util::select_all;
+use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::parser::{CommonParserConfig, ParserConfig, SpecificParserConfig};
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, ConnectorProperties, ConnectorState, SourceColumnDesc,
-    SourceContext, SplitReaderImpl,
+    create_split_reader, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, ConnectorProperties, ConnectorState,
+    SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SplitReader,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -74,10 +76,13 @@ impl ConnectorSource {
 
     pub async fn stream_reader(
         &self,
-        splits: ConnectorState,
+        state: ConnectorState,
         column_ids: Vec<ColumnId>,
         source_ctx: Arc<SourceContext>,
     ) -> Result<BoxSourceWithStateStream> {
+        let Some(splits) = state else {
+            return Ok(pending().boxed());
+        };
         let config = self.config.clone();
         let columns = self.get_target_columns(column_ids)?;
 
@@ -99,53 +104,46 @@ impl ConnectorSource {
             },
         };
 
-        let readers = if config.support_multiple_splits() {
-            tracing::debug!(
-                "spawning connector split reader for multiple splits {:?}",
-                splits
-            );
+        let support_multiple_splits = config.support_multiple_splits();
 
-            let reader = SplitReaderImpl::create(
-                config,
-                splits,
-                parser_config,
-                source_ctx,
-                data_gen_columns,
-            )
-            .await?;
+        dispatch_source_prop!(config, prop, {
+            let readers = if support_multiple_splits {
+                tracing::debug!(
+                    "spawning connector split reader for multiple splits {:?}",
+                    splits
+                );
 
-            vec![reader]
-        } else {
-            let to_reader_splits = match splits {
-                Some(vec_split_impl) => vec_split_impl
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|split| Some(vec![split]))
-                    .collect::<Vec<ConnectorState>>(),
-                None => vec![None],
-            };
+                let reader =
+                    create_split_reader(*prop, splits, parser_config, source_ctx, data_gen_columns)
+                        .await?;
 
-            try_join_all(to_reader_splits.into_iter().map(|state| {
-                tracing::debug!("spawning connector split reader for split {:?}", state);
-                let props = config.clone();
-                let data_gen_columns = data_gen_columns.clone();
-                let parser_config = parser_config.clone();
-                // TODO: is this reader split across multiple threads...? Realistically, we want
-                // source_ctx to live in a single actor.
-                let source_ctx = source_ctx.clone();
-                async move {
-                    SplitReaderImpl::create(
-                        props,
-                        state,
-                        parser_config,
-                        source_ctx,
-                        data_gen_columns,
-                    )
-                    .await
-                }
-            }))
-            .await?
-        };
+                vec![reader]
+            } else {
+                let to_reader_splits = splits.into_iter().map(|split| vec![split]);
 
-        Ok(select_all(readers.into_iter().map(|r| r.into_stream())).boxed())
+                try_join_all(to_reader_splits.into_iter().map(|splits| {
+                    tracing::debug!("spawning connector split reader for split {:?}", splits);
+                    let props = prop.clone();
+                    let data_gen_columns = data_gen_columns.clone();
+                    let parser_config = parser_config.clone();
+                    // TODO: is this reader split across multiple threads...? Realistically, we want
+                    // source_ctx to live in a single actor.
+                    let source_ctx = source_ctx.clone();
+                    async move {
+                        create_split_reader(
+                            *props,
+                            splits,
+                            parser_config,
+                            source_ctx,
+                            data_gen_columns,
+                        )
+                        .await
+                    }
+                }))
+                .await?
+            };
+
+            Ok(select_all(readers.into_iter().map(|r| r.into_stream())).boxed())
+        })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs b/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
index daee19569db0f..974f0561e0f2d 100644
--- a/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use futures::stream::pending;
+use futures::StreamExt;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnId;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ConnectorError;
-use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, Result, RwError};
+use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, Result};
+use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::parser::{CommonParserConfig, ParserConfig, SpecificParserConfig};
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    ConnectorProperties, ConnectorState, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SplitReaderImpl,
+    create_split_reader, BoxSourceWithStateStream, ConnectorProperties, ConnectorState,
+    SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SplitReader,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ impl FsConnectorSource {
         state: ConnectorState,
         column_ids: Vec<ColumnId>,
         source_ctx: Arc<SourceContext>,
-    ) -> Result<SplitReaderImpl> {
+    ) -> Result<BoxSourceWithStateStream> {
         let config = self.config.clone();
         let columns = self.get_target_columns(column_ids)?;
 
@@ -87,8 +91,16 @@ impl FsConnectorSource {
                 rw_columns: columns,
             },
         };
-        SplitReaderImpl::create(config, state, parser_config, source_ctx, None)
-            .await
-            .map_err(RwError::from)
+        let stream = match state {
+            None => pending().boxed(),
+            Some(splits) => {
+                dispatch_source_prop!(config, prop, {
+                    create_split_reader(*prop, splits, parser_config, source_ctx, None)
+                        .await?
+                        .into_stream()
+                })
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(stream)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
index aba89f817b09a..ae77adb427e23 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
@@ -112,12 +112,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> FsSourceExecutor<S> {
             None,
             self.actor_ctx.error_suppressor.clone(),
         );
-        let stream_reader = source_desc
+        source_desc
             .source
             .stream_reader(state, column_ids, Arc::new(source_ctx))
             .await
-            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)?;
-        Ok(stream_reader.into_stream())
+            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)
     }
 
     async fn apply_split_change<const BIASED: bool>(

From de1f7769e1f7d67b80291cab460c704bbef0e2ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 00:36:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 032/430] refactor(kafka-sink): change sequential await to
 group await when committing (#12013)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: William Wen <william123.wen@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                      |   2 +-
 Cargo.toml                      |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs | 183 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml   |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ab1d0077c8386..8f9ad016ba6e9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4301,7 +4301,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-rdkafka"
 version = "0.2.22"
-source = "git+https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git?rev=bb8f063#bb8f06384517ea3950b6c7a29a32c233058b89c7"
+source = "git+https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git?rev=fedb1e3#fedb1e3a0a8758650c9e15076941c999150bdb31"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel",
  "async-trait",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 83be53f1d7439..e33c09ddc5734 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ aws-types = "0.55"
 etcd-client = { package = "madsim-etcd-client", version = "0.3" }
 futures-async-stream = "0.2"
 hytra = "0.1"
-rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "bb8f063", features = [
+rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = [
   "cmake-build",
 ] }
 hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 4c7fc317edd3e..521f2faf54e0b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
+use futures::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
 use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use rdkafka::error::{KafkaError, KafkaResult};
 use rdkafka::message::ToBytes;
@@ -327,6 +329,11 @@ enum KafkaSinkState {
     Running(u64),
 }
 
+/// The delivery buffer queue size
+/// When the `DeliveryFuture` the current `future_delivery_buffer`
+/// is buffering is greater than this size, then enforcing commit once
+const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 65536;
+
 pub struct KafkaSinkWriter {
     pub config: KafkaConfig,
     pub inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ pub struct KafkaSinkWriter {
     schema: Schema,
     pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
     is_append_only: bool,
+    future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque<DeliveryFuture>,
     db_name: String,
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -382,104 +390,147 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
             schema,
             pk_indices,
             is_append_only,
+            future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
             db_name,
             sink_from_name,
         })
     }
 
-    /// The wrapper function for the actual `FutureProducer::send_result`
-    /// Just for better error handling purpose
-    #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
-    async fn send_result_inner<'a, K, P>(
-        &'a self,
-        record: FutureRecord<'a, K, P>,
-    ) -> core::result::Result<DeliveryFuture, (KafkaError, FutureRecord<'a, K, P>)>
-    where
-        K: ToBytes + ?Sized,
-        P: ToBytes + ?Sized,
-    {
-        self.inner.send_result(record)
-    }
-
     /// The actual `send_result` function, will be called when the `KafkaSinkWriter` needs to sink
     /// messages
-    async fn send_result<'a, K, P>(&'a self, mut record: FutureRecord<'a, K, P>) -> KafkaResult<()>
+    async fn send_result<'a, K, P>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        mut record: FutureRecord<'a, K, P>,
+    ) -> KafkaResult<()>
     where
         K: ToBytes + ?Sized,
         P: ToBytes + ?Sized,
     {
-        // The error to be returned
-        let mut err = KafkaError::Canceled;
+        let mut success_flag = false;
+
+        let mut ret = Ok(());
 
         for _ in 0..self.config.max_retry_num {
-            match self.send_result_inner(record).await {
-                Ok(delivery_future) => match delivery_future.await {
-                    Ok(delivery_future_result) => match delivery_future_result {
-                        // Successfully sent the record
-                        // Will return the partition and offset of the message (i32, i64)
-                        Ok(_) => return Ok(()),
-                        // If the message failed to be delivered. (i.e., flush)
-                        // The error & the copy of the original message will be returned
-                        // i.e., (KafkaError, OwnedMessage)
-                        // We will just stop the loop, and return the error
-                        // The sink executor will back to the latest checkpoint
-                        Err((k_err, _msg)) => {
-                            err = k_err;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    },
-                    // Nothing to do here, since the err has already been set to
-                    // KafkaError::Canceled. This represents the producer is dropped
-                    // before the delivery status is received
-                    Err(_) => break,
-                },
+            match self.inner.send_result(record) {
+                Ok(delivery_future) => {
+                    // First check if the current length is
+                    // greater than the preset limit
+                    while self.future_delivery_buffer.len() >= KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE {
+                        Self::map_future_result(
+                            self.future_delivery_buffer
+                                .pop_front()
+                                .expect("Expect the future not to be None")
+                                .await,
+                        )?;
+                    }
+
+                    self.future_delivery_buffer.push_back(delivery_future);
+                    success_flag = true;
+                    break;
+                }
                 // The enqueue buffer is full, `send_result` will immediately return
                 // We can retry for another round after sleeping for sometime
                 Err((e, rec)) => {
-                    err = e;
                     record = rec;
-                    match err {
+                    match e {
                         KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull) => {
                             tokio::time::sleep(self.config.retry_interval).await;
                             continue;
                         }
-                        _ => break,
+                        _ => return Err(e),
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        Err(err)
+        if !success_flag {
+            // In this case, after trying `max_retry_num`
+            // The enqueue buffer is still full
+            ret = Err(KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull));
+        }
+
+        ret
     }
 
     async fn write_json_objects(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         event_key_object: Option<Value>,
         event_object: Option<Value>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        let topic = self.config.common.topic.clone();
         // here we assume the key part always exists and value part is optional.
         // if value is None, we will skip the payload part.
         let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap().to_string();
-        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(self.config.common.topic.as_str())
-            .key(key_str.as_bytes());
+        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(topic.as_str()).key(key_str.as_bytes());
         let payload;
         if let Some(value) = event_object {
             payload = value.to_string();
             record = record.payload(payload.as_bytes());
         }
+        // Send the data but not wait it to finish sinking
+        // Will join all `DeliveryFuture` during commit
         self.send_result(record).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn debezium_update(&self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
+    fn map_future_result(
+        delivery_future_result: <DeliveryFuture as Future>::Output,
+    ) -> KafkaResult<()> {
+        match delivery_future_result {
+            // Successfully sent the record
+            // Will return the partition and offset of the message (i32, i64)
+            // Note that `Vec<()>` won't cause memory allocation
+            Ok(Ok(_)) => Ok(()),
+            // If the message failed to be delivered. (i.e., flush)
+            // The error & the copy of the original message will be returned
+            // i.e., (KafkaError, OwnedMessage)
+            // We will just stop the loop, and return the error
+            // The sink executor will back to the latest checkpoint
+            Ok(Err((k_err, _msg))) => Err(k_err),
+            // This represents the producer is dropped
+            // before the delivery status is received
+            // Return `KafkaError::Canceled`
+            Err(_) => Err(KafkaError::Canceled),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let _v = try_join_all(
+            self.future_delivery_buffer
+                .drain(..)
+                .map(|delivery_future| {
+                    delivery_future.map(|delivery_future_result| {
+                        Self::map_future_result(delivery_future_result).map_err(SinkError::Kafka)
+                    })
+                }),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        // Sanity check
+        debug_assert!(
+            self.future_delivery_buffer.is_empty(),
+            "The buffer after `commit_inner` must be empty"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn debezium_update(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
+        let schema = self.schema.clone();
+        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
+        let db_name = self.db_name.clone();
+        let sink_from_name = self.sink_from_name.clone();
+
+        // Initialize the dbz_stream
         let dbz_stream = gen_debezium_message_stream(
-            &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
+            &schema,
+            &pk_indices,
             chunk,
             ts_ms,
             DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
-            &self.db_name,
-            &self.sink_from_name,
+            &db_name,
+            &sink_from_name,
         );
 
         #[for_await]
@@ -491,13 +542,14 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn upsert(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
-            &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
-            chunk,
-            UpsertAdapterOpts::default(),
-        );
+    async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
+        let schema = self.schema.clone();
+        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
+
+        // Initialize the upsert_stream
+        let upsert_stream =
+            gen_upsert_message_stream(&schema, &pk_indices, chunk, UpsertAdapterOpts::default());
 
         #[for_await]
         for msg in upsert_stream {
@@ -508,10 +560,15 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn append_only(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
+        let schema = self.schema.clone();
+        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
+
+        // Initialize the append_only_stream
         let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
-            &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
+            &schema,
+            &pk_indices,
             chunk,
             AppendOnlyAdapterOpts::default(),
         );
@@ -561,6 +618,8 @@ impl SinkWriterV1 for KafkaSinkWriter {
     }
 
     async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // Group delivery (await the `FutureRecord`) here
+        self.commit_inner().await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -701,7 +760,7 @@ mod test {
     }
 
     /// Note: Please enable the kafka by running `./risedev configure` before commenting #[ignore]
-    /// to run the test
+    /// to run the test, also remember to modify `risedev.yml`
     #[ignore]
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_kafka_producer() -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 8db097d709bbd..a539527690fce 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ lexical-write-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features =
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "bb8f063", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ lexical-write-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features =
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "bb8f063", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }

From 3c1f52f9ae700fb207d6e7aed9281526d31aa558 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 12:52:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 033/430] chore(deps): Bump vergen from 8.2.4 to 8.2.5 (#12244)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 8f9ad016ba6e9..642cbcf55d9bb 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9682,9 +9682,9 @@ checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vergen"
-version = "8.2.4"
+version = "8.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bbc5ad0d9d26b2c49a5ab7da76c3e79d3ee37e7821799f8223fcb8f2f391a2e7"
+checksum = "85e7dc29b3c54a2ea67ef4f953d5ec0c4085035c0ae2d325be1c0d2144bd9f16"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "rustversion",

From 690a3b4b7f225e7f56597a0726049297a3eb18d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuanxin Cao <60498509+xx01cyx@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 02:48:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 034/430] feat(stream): compact stream chunk by dropping
 useless rows (#11070)

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: st1page <1245835950@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   7 +
 ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh             |   2 +-
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result          |  22 +-
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.result          |  24 +-
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs         | 219 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs       |  83 +++++--
 src/common/src/array/mod.rs                   |   2 +
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs          |  65 +++++-
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/row/project.rs                 |  14 ++
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/source/external.rs          |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs             |   1 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         |   1 +
 .../src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs  |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project.rs            |   5 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               |  20 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |   6 +-
 21 files changed, 436 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 642cbcf55d9bb..2a6f0b1a2f443 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -5783,6 +5783,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "termtree",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prehash"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04bfa62906ce8d9badf8d1764501640ae7f0bcea3437a209315830e0f73564d1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "prepare_ci_pubsub"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -6707,6 +6713,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "paste",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "postgres-types",
+ "prehash",
  "pretty_assertions",
  "procfs 0.15.1",
  "prometheus",
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
index 7f03945fe5b6e..85aad20749d61 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fi
 
 # test debezium kafka sink after update
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink after updating data"
-(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 11 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
+(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 11  | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
 python3 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for debezium sink after update is not as expected."
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result
index 3012648769070..369caa70891cd 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-{"payload":{"id":10},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"after":{"id":10,"v_bigint":20674,"v_double":9042.404483827513,"v_float":19387.23828125,"v_integer":20674,"v_smallint":26951,"v_timestamp":1681404058888,"v_varchar":"0oVqRIHqkb"},"before":null,"op":"c","source":{"db":"dev","table":"t_kafka"},"ts_ms":1693549473650},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"before","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"after","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"source","fields":[{"field":"db","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Source","optional":false,"type":"struct"},{"field":"op","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"ts_ms","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Envelope","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
-{"payload":{"id":1},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"after":{"id":1,"v_bigint":0,"v_double":0.0,"v_float":0.0,"v_integer":0,"v_smallint":0,"v_timestamp":0,"v_varchar":""},"before":{"id":1,"v_bigint":1872,"v_double":23956.39329760601,"v_float":26261.416015625,"v_integer":1872,"v_smallint":31031,"v_timestamp":1681453634104,"v_varchar":"8DfUFencLe"},"op":"u","source":{"db":"dev","table":"t_kafka"},"ts_ms":1693549594077},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"before","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"after","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"source","fields":[{"field":"db","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Source","optional":false,"type":"struct"},{"field":"op","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"ts_ms","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Envelope","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
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diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 83f85b8a3be6e..18cd6c1509cc7 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ postgres-types = { version = "0.2.6", features = [
     "with-chrono-0_4",
     "with-serde_json-1",
 ] }
+prehash = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 prost = "0.11"
 rand = "0.8"
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d64aa47c6769c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::hash::BuildHasherDefault;
+use std::mem;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use prehash::{new_prehashed_map_with_capacity, Passthru, Prehashed};
+
+use super::stream_chunk::{OpRowMutRef, StreamChunkMut};
+use crate::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
+use crate::row::{Project, RowExt};
+use crate::util::hash_util::Crc32FastBuilder;
+
+/// Compact the stream chunks with just modify the `Ops` and `Vis` of the chunk. Currently, two
+/// transformation will be applied
+/// - remove intermediate operation of the same key. The operations of the same stream key will only
+///   have three kind of patterns Insert, Delete or Update.
+/// - For the update (-old row, +old row), when old row is exactly same. The two rowOp will be
+///   removed.
+pub struct StreamChunkCompactor {
+    chunks: Vec<StreamChunk>,
+    stream_key: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+struct OpRowMutRefTuple<'a> {
+    previous: Option<OpRowMutRef<'a>>,
+    latest: OpRowMutRef<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> OpRowMutRefTuple<'a> {
+    /// return true if no row left
+    fn push(&mut self, mut op_row: OpRowMutRef<'a>) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!(self.latest.vis());
+        match (self.latest.op(), op_row.op()) {
+            (Op::Insert, Op::Insert) => panic!("receive duplicated insert on the stream"),
+            (Op::Delete, Op::Delete) => panic!("receive duplicated delete on the stream"),
+            (Op::Insert, Op::Delete) => {
+                self.latest.set_vis(false);
+                op_row.set_vis(false);
+                self.latest = if let Some(prev) = self.previous.take() {
+                    prev
+                } else {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            (Op::Delete, Op::Insert) => {
+                // The operation for the key must be (+, -, +) or (-, +). And the (+, -) must has
+                // been filtered.
+                debug_assert!(self.previous.is_none());
+                self.previous = Some(mem::replace(&mut self.latest, op_row));
+            }
+            // `all the updateDelete` and `updateInsert` should be normalized to `delete`
+            // and`insert`
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn as_update_op(&mut self) -> Option<(&mut OpRowMutRef<'a>, &mut OpRowMutRef<'a>)> {
+        self.previous.as_mut().map(|prev| {
+            debug_assert_eq!(prev.op(), Op::Delete);
+            debug_assert_eq!(self.latest.op(), Op::Insert);
+            (prev, &mut self.latest)
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+type OpRowMap<'a, 'b> =
+    HashMap<Prehashed<Project<'b, RowRef<'a>>>, OpRowMutRefTuple<'a>, BuildHasherDefault<Passthru>>;
+
+impl StreamChunkCompactor {
+    pub fn new(stream_key: Vec<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            stream_key,
+            chunks: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> (Vec<StreamChunk>, Vec<usize>) {
+        (self.chunks, self.stream_key)
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_chunk(&mut self, c: StreamChunk) {
+        self.chunks.push(c);
+    }
+
+    /// Compact a chunk by modifying the ops and the visibility of a stream chunk. All UPDATE INSERT
+    /// and UPDATE DELETE will be converted to INSERT and DELETE, and dropped according to
+    /// certain rules (see `merge_insert` and `merge_delete` for more details).
+    pub fn into_compacted_chunks(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = StreamChunk> {
+        let (chunks, key_indices) = self.into_inner();
+
+        let estimate_size = chunks.iter().map(|c| c.cardinality()).sum();
+        let mut chunks: Vec<(Vec<u64>, StreamChunkMut)> = chunks
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|c| {
+                let hash_values = c
+                    .data_chunk()
+                    .get_hash_values(&key_indices, Crc32FastBuilder)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|hash| hash.value())
+                    .collect_vec();
+                (hash_values, StreamChunkMut::from(c))
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let mut op_row_map: OpRowMap<'_, '_> = new_prehashed_map_with_capacity(estimate_size);
+        for (hash_values, c) in &mut chunks {
+            for (row, mut op_row) in c.to_rows_mut() {
+                if !op_row.vis() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                op_row.set_op(op_row.op().normalize_update());
+                let hash = hash_values[row.index()];
+                let stream_key = row.project(&key_indices);
+                match op_row_map.entry(Prehashed::new(stream_key, hash)) {
+                    Entry::Vacant(v) => {
+                        v.insert(OpRowMutRefTuple {
+                            previous: None,
+                            latest: op_row,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    Entry::Occupied(mut o) => {
+                        if o.get_mut().push(op_row) {
+                            o.remove_entry();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for tuple in op_row_map.values_mut() {
+            if let Some((prev, latest)) = tuple.as_update_op() {
+                if prev.row_ref() == latest.row_ref() {
+                    prev.set_vis(false);
+                    latest.set_vis(false);
+                } else if prev.same_chunk(latest) && prev.index() + 1 == latest.index() {
+                    // TODO(st1page): use next_one check in bitmap
+                    prev.set_op(Op::UpdateDelete);
+                    latest.set_op(Op::UpdateInsert);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        chunks.into_iter().map(|(_, c)| c.into())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn merge_chunk_row(stream_chunk: StreamChunk, pk_indices: &[usize]) -> StreamChunk {
+    let mut compactor = StreamChunkCompactor::new(pk_indices.to_vec());
+    compactor.push_chunk(stream_chunk);
+    compactor.into_compacted_chunks().next().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::array::StreamChunk;
+    use crate::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_chunk_row() {
+        let pk_indices = [0, 1];
+        let mut compactor = StreamChunkCompactor::new(pk_indices.to_vec());
+        compactor.push_chunk(StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " I I I
+            - 1 1 1
+            + 1 1 2
+            + 2 5 7
+            + 4 9 2
+            - 2 5 7
+            + 2 5 5
+            - 6 6 9
+            + 6 6 9
+            - 9 9 1",
+        ));
+        compactor.push_chunk(StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " I I I
+            - 6 6 9
+            + 9 9 9
+            - 9 9 4
+            + 2 2 2
+            + 9 9 1",
+        ));
+        let mut iter = compactor.into_compacted_chunks();
+        assert_eq!(
+            iter.next().unwrap().compact(),
+            StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                " I I I
+                U- 1 1 1
+                U+ 1 1 2
+                + 4 9 2
+                + 2 5 5
+                - 6 6 9",
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            iter.next().unwrap().compact(),
+            StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                " I I I
+                + 2 2 2",
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
index 96e493e796fc1..c01ecf0d0f3e8 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::iter::{FusedIterator, TrustedLen};
 use std::ops::Range;
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIter<'a> {
             Some(idx) if idx < self.idx.end => {
                 self.idx.start = idx + 1;
                 Some(RowRef {
-                    chunk: self.chunk,
+                    columns: self.chunk.columns(),
                     idx,
                 })
             }
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'a> {
                 None
             } else {
                 Some(RowRef {
-                    chunk: self.chunk,
+                    columns: self.chunk.columns(),
                     idx: self.idx,
                 })
             });
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ unsafe impl TrustedLen for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'_> {}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct RowRef<'a> {
-    chunk: &'a DataChunk,
+    columns: &'a [ArrayRef],
 
     idx: usize,
 }
@@ -140,8 +141,18 @@ impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for RowRef<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> RowRef<'a> {
     pub fn new(chunk: &'a DataChunk, idx: usize) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(idx < chunk.capacity());
-        Self { chunk, idx }
+        assert!(idx < chunk.capacity());
+        Self {
+            columns: chunk.columns(),
+            idx,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_columns(columns: &'a [ArrayRef], idx: usize) -> Self {
+        if !columns.is_empty() {
+            assert!(idx < columns[0].len());
+        }
+        Self { columns, idx }
     }
 
     /// Get the index of this row in the data chunk.
@@ -158,30 +169,35 @@ impl PartialEq for RowRef<'_> {
 }
 impl Eq for RowRef<'_> {}
 
+impl Hash for RowRef<'_> {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        let len = self.columns.len();
+        for i in 0..len {
+            self.datum_at(i).hash(state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Row for RowRef<'_> {
     fn datum_at(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
-        debug_assert!(self.idx < self.chunk.capacity());
         // for `RowRef`, the index is always in bound.
-        unsafe { self.chunk.columns()[index].value_at_unchecked(self.idx) }
+        unsafe { self.columns[index].value_at_unchecked(self.idx) }
     }
 
     unsafe fn datum_at_unchecked(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
-        debug_assert!(self.idx < self.chunk.capacity());
         // for `RowRef`, the index is always in bound.
-        self.chunk
-            .columns()
+        self.columns
             .get_unchecked(index)
             .value_at_unchecked(self.idx)
     }
 
     fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.chunk.columns().len()
+        self.columns.len()
     }
 
     fn iter(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> {
-        debug_assert!(self.idx < self.chunk.capacity());
         RowRefIter {
-            columns: self.chunk.columns().iter(),
+            columns: self.columns.iter(),
             row_idx: self.idx,
         }
     }
@@ -212,3 +228,44 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for RowRefIter<'a> {
 
 impl ExactSizeIterator for RowRefIter<'_> {}
 unsafe impl TrustedLen for RowRefIter<'_> {}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+    use crate::array::StreamChunk;
+    use crate::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_row_ref_hash() {
+        let mut set = HashSet::new();
+        let chunk1 = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " I I I
+            + 2 5 1
+            + 4 9 2
+            - 2 5 1",
+        );
+        for (_, row) in chunk1.rows() {
+            set.insert(row);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(set.len(), 2);
+
+        let chunk2 = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " I I I
+            - 4 9 2",
+        );
+        for (_, row) in chunk2.rows() {
+            set.insert(row);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(set.len(), 2);
+
+        let chunk3 = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " I I I
+            + 1 2 3",
+        );
+        for (_, row) in chunk3.rows() {
+            set.insert(row);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(set.len(), 3);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
index ba9b0bff0f4f5..9bccd3f4166a2 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ mod arrow;
 mod bool_array;
 pub mod bytes_array;
 mod chrono_array;
+pub mod compact_chunk;
 mod data_chunk;
 pub mod data_chunk_iter;
 mod decimal_array;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ pub use chrono_array::{
     DateArray, DateArrayBuilder, TimeArray, TimeArrayBuilder, TimestampArray,
     TimestampArrayBuilder, TimestamptzArray, TimestamptzArrayBuilder,
 };
+pub use compact_chunk::*;
 pub use data_chunk::{DataChunk, DataChunkTestExt};
 pub use data_chunk_iter::RowRef;
 pub use decimal_array::{DecimalArray, DecimalArrayBuilder};
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
index e280af1257c23..1fe99ad935d76 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
 use risingwave_pb::data::{PbOp, PbStreamChunk};
 
 use super::vis::VisMut;
-use super::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, ArrayResult, DataChunkTestExt};
+use super::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, ArrayResult, DataChunkTestExt, RowRef};
 use crate::array::{DataChunk, Vis};
 use crate::buffer::Bitmap;
 use crate::catalog::Schema;
@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ impl Op {
         };
         Ok(op)
     }
+
+    /// convert `UpdateDelete` to `Delete` and `UpdateInsert` to Insert
+    pub fn normalize_update(self) -> Op {
+        match self {
+            Op::Insert => Op::Insert,
+            Op::Delete => Op::Delete,
+            Op::UpdateDelete => Op::Delete,
+            Op::UpdateInsert => Op::Insert,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub type Ops<'a> = &'a [Op];
@@ -349,7 +359,19 @@ impl OpsMut {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.state {
+            OpsMutState::ArcRef(v) => v.len(),
+            OpsMutState::Mut(v) => v.len(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+
     pub fn set(&mut self, n: usize, val: Op) {
+        debug_assert!(n < self.len());
         if let OpsMutState::Mut(v) = &mut self.state {
             v[n] = val;
         } else {
@@ -362,6 +384,14 @@ impl OpsMut {
             self.state = OpsMutState::Mut(v);
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, n: usize) -> Op {
+        debug_assert!(n < self.len());
+        match &self.state {
+            OpsMutState::ArcRef(v) => v[n],
+            OpsMutState::Mut(v) => v[n],
+        }
+    }
 }
 impl From<OpsMut> for Arc<[Op]> {
     fn from(v: OpsMut) -> Self {
@@ -397,12 +427,25 @@ impl From<StreamChunkMut> for StreamChunk {
         StreamChunk::from_parts(c.ops, DataChunk::from_parts(c.columns, c.vis.into()))
     }
 }
+
 pub struct OpRowMutRef<'a> {
     c: &'a mut StreamChunkMut,
     i: usize,
 }
 
 impl OpRowMutRef<'_> {
+    pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.i
+    }
+
+    pub fn vis(&self) -> bool {
+        self.c.vis.is_set(self.i)
+    }
+
+    pub fn op(&self) -> Op {
+        self.c.ops.get(self.i)
+    }
+
     pub fn set_vis(&mut self, val: bool) {
         self.c.set_vis(self.i, val);
     }
@@ -410,6 +453,15 @@ impl OpRowMutRef<'_> {
     pub fn set_op(&mut self, val: Op) {
         self.c.set_op(self.i, val);
     }
+
+    pub fn row_ref(&self) -> RowRef<'_> {
+        RowRef::with_columns(self.c.columns(), self.i)
+    }
+
+    /// return if the two row ref is in the same chunk
+    pub fn same_chunk(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        std::ptr::eq(self.c, other.c)
+    }
 }
 
 impl StreamChunkMut {
@@ -421,13 +473,20 @@ impl StreamChunkMut {
         self.ops.set(n, val);
     }
 
+    pub fn columns(&self) -> &[ArrayRef] {
+        &self.columns
+    }
+
     /// get the mut reference of the stream chunk.
-    pub fn to_mut_rows(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = OpRowMutRef<'_>> {
+    pub fn to_rows_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (RowRef<'_>, OpRowMutRef<'_>)> {
         unsafe {
             (0..self.vis.len()).map(|i| {
                 let p = self as *const StreamChunkMut;
                 let p = p as *mut StreamChunkMut;
-                OpRowMutRef { c: &mut *p, i }
+                (
+                    RowRef::with_columns(self.columns(), i),
+                    OpRowMutRef { c: &mut *p, i },
+                )
             })
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index 0f7bd134a7e22..5f7e9fd476da5 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #![feature(binary_heap_into_iter_sorted)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
+#![feature(map_entry_replace)]
 #![feature(negative_impls)]
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
diff --git a/src/common/src/row/project.rs b/src/common/src/row/project.rs
index ab4be6d229243..b7898a24a31f7 100644
--- a/src/common/src/row/project.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/row/project.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::hash::Hash;
+
 use super::Row;
 use crate::types::DatumRef;
 
@@ -68,6 +70,18 @@ impl<'i, R: Row> Project<'i, R> {
         }
         Self { row, indices }
     }
+
+    pub fn row(&self) -> &R {
+        &self.row
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: Row> Hash for Project<'_, R> {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        for i in 0..self.len() {
+            self.datum_at(i).hash(state);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 521f2faf54e0b..aee99da2b74bb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl KafkaSink {
         Self {
             config,
             schema: param.schema(),
-            pk_indices: param.pk_indices,
+            pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 4d76a3235e381..7ef608b6c6372 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl KinesisSink {
         Self {
             config,
             schema: param.schema(),
-            pk_indices: param.pk_indices,
+            pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index fd1de194671b3..c2a0f3019c942 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub struct SinkParam {
     pub sink_id: SinkId,
     pub properties: HashMap<String, String>,
     pub columns: Vec<ColumnDesc>,
-    pub pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    pub downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
     pub db_name: String,
     pub sink_from_name: String,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl SinkParam {
             sink_id: SinkId::from(pb_param.sink_id),
             properties: pb_param.properties,
             columns: table_schema.columns.iter().map(ColumnDesc::from).collect(),
-            pk_indices: table_schema
+            downstream_pk: table_schema
                 .pk_indices
                 .iter()
                 .map(|i| *i as usize)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl SinkParam {
             properties: self.properties.clone(),
             table_schema: Some(TableSchema {
                 columns: self.columns.iter().map(|col| col.to_protobuf()).collect(),
-                pk_indices: self.pk_indices.iter().map(|i| *i as u32).collect(),
+                pk_indices: self.downstream_pk.iter().map(|i| *i as u32).collect(),
             }),
             sink_type: self.sink_type.to_proto().into(),
             db_name: self.db_name.clone(),
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
             sink_id: sink_catalog.id,
             properties: sink_catalog.properties,
             columns,
-            pk_indices: sink_catalog.downstream_pk,
+            downstream_pk: sink_catalog.downstream_pk,
             sink_type: sink_catalog.sink_type,
             db_name: sink_catalog.db_name,
             sink_from_name: sink_catalog.sink_from_name,
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             SinkConfig::ClickHouse(cfg) => SinkImpl::ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink::new(
                 *cfg,
                 param.schema(),
-                param.pk_indices,
+                param.downstream_pk,
                 param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             )?),
             SinkConfig::Iceberg(cfg) => SinkImpl::Iceberg(IcebergSink::new(cfg, param)?),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
index 3b66a06132b26..d4293fca1d6f9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ mod tests {
                 ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::new(3), DataType::Varchar),
                 ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::new(4), DataType::Date),
             ],
-            pk_indices: vec![0],
+            downstream_pk: vec![0],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
             db_name: "db".into(),
             sink_from_name: "table".into(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
index 8daa0e7a45b31..c53758ec80b69 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
@@ -448,6 +448,7 @@ impl PlanRoot {
         let exprs = LogicalSource::derive_output_exprs_from_generated_columns(&columns)?;
         if let Some(exprs) = exprs {
             let logical_project = generic::Project::new(exprs, stream_plan);
+            // The project node merges a chunk if it has an ungenerated row id as stream key.
             stream_plan = StreamProject::new(logical_project).into();
         }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index e9de735718a07..1bb6b3226e2c2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(ProjectSet, c
 pub struct Project {
     pub core: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
     watermark_derivations: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
+    merge_chunk: bool,
     nondecreasing_exprs: Vec<usize>,
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(Project, core, input);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
index b38d70119e576..73d96895b608e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ mod tests {
             sink_id,
             properties: Default::default(),
             columns: vec![],
-            pk_indices: vec![],
+            downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ mod tests {
             sink_id,
             properties: Default::default(),
             columns: vec![],
-            pk_indices: vec![],
+            downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ mod tests {
             sink_id,
             properties: Default::default(),
             columns: vec![],
-            pk_indices: vec![],
+            downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ mod tests {
             sink_id,
             properties: Default::default(),
             columns: vec![],
-            pk_indices: vec![],
+            downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
index c13c9a86ca78e..04d6eb0909c11 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
@@ -269,14 +269,15 @@ mod tests {
                 Field::unnamed(DataType::Int64),
             ],
         };
-        let (mut tx, source) = MockSource::channel(schema, PkIndices::new());
+        let pk_indices = vec![0];
+        let (mut tx, source) = MockSource::channel(schema, pk_indices.clone());
 
         let test_expr = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 $1:int8)");
 
         let project = Box::new(ProjectExecutor::new(
             ActorContext::create(123),
             Box::new(source),
-            vec![],
+            pk_indices,
             vec![test_expr],
             1,
             MultiMap::new(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index 375c3587a8650..2a476ca4e94b8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use prometheus::Histogram;
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_connector::sink::{
 };
 
 use super::error::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult};
-use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message};
+use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
 use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter};
 use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ pub struct SinkExecutor<F: LogStoreFactory> {
     metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     sink: SinkImpl,
     identity: String,
+    pk_indices: PkIndices,
     input_columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
     input_schema: Schema,
     sink_param: SinkParam,
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         actor_context: ActorContextRef,
         log_store_factory: F,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Self> {
         let (log_reader, log_writer) = log_store_factory.build().await;
 
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             metrics,
             sink,
             identity: format!("SinkExecutor {:X?}", sink_writer_param.executor_id),
+            pk_indices,
             input_columns: columns,
             input_schema,
             sink_param,
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
 
         let write_log_stream = Self::execute_write_log(
             self.input,
+            self.pk_indices,
             self.log_writer,
             self.input_columns.clone(),
             self.sink_param.sink_type,
@@ -133,6 +137,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_write_log(
         input: BoxedExecutor,
+        stream_key: PkIndices,
         mut log_writer: impl LogWriter,
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         sink_type: SinkType,
@@ -161,6 +166,9 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             match msg? {
                 Message::Watermark(w) => yield Message::Watermark(w),
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                    // Compact the chunk to eliminate any useless intermediate result (e.g. UPDATE
+                    // V->V).
+                    let chunk = merge_chunk_row(chunk, &stream_key);
                     let visible_chunk = if sink_type == SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
                         // Force append-only by dropping UPDATE/DELETE messages. We do this when the
                         // user forces the sink to be append-only while it is actually not based on
@@ -307,7 +315,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> Executor for SinkExecutor<F> {
     }
 
     fn pk_indices(&self) -> super::PkIndicesRef<'_> {
-        &self.sink_param.pk_indices
+        &self.pk_indices
     }
 
     fn identity(&self) -> &str {
@@ -391,7 +399,7 @@ mod test {
                 .filter(|col| !col.is_hidden)
                 .map(|col| col.column_desc.clone())
                 .collect(),
-            pk_indices: pk.clone(),
+            downstream_pk: pk.clone(),
             sink_type: SinkType::ForceAppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
@@ -405,6 +413,7 @@ mod test {
             columns.clone(),
             ActorContext::create(0),
             BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory::new(1),
+            pk,
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -488,7 +497,7 @@ mod test {
                 .filter(|col| !col.is_hidden)
                 .map(|col| col.column_desc.clone())
                 .collect(),
-            pk_indices: pk.clone(),
+            downstream_pk: pk.clone(),
             sink_type: SinkType::ForceAppendOnly,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
@@ -502,6 +511,7 @@ mod test {
             columns,
             ActorContext::create(0),
             BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory::new(1),
+            pk,
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index 0dd05d722b131..a95b7fce22738 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
         let db_name = sink_desc.get_db_name().into();
         let sink_from_name = sink_desc.get_sink_from_name().into();
         let properties = sink_desc.get_properties().clone();
-        let pk_indices = sink_desc
+        let downstream_pk = sink_desc
             .downstream_pk
             .iter()
             .map(|i| *i as usize)
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 .filter(|col| !col.is_hidden)
                 .map(|col| col.column_desc.clone())
                 .collect(),
-            pk_indices,
+            downstream_pk,
             sink_type,
             db_name,
             sink_from_name,
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                         columns,
                         params.actor_context,
                         factory,
+                        params.pk_indices,
                     )
                     .await?,
                 ))
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                             columns,
                             params.actor_context,
                             factory,
+                            params.pk_indices,
                         )
                         .await?,
                     ))

From cbbee64db3bf937341e696d65bdeba73db477d2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 14:52:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 035/430] test: add an slt test for select with eowc (#12236)

---
 e2e_test/streaming/eowc/eowc_select.slt | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/eowc/eowc_select.slt

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/eowc/eowc_select.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/eowc/eowc_select.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6af9b78028623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/eowc/eowc_select.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+statement ok
+set RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH to true;
+
+statement ok
+set streaming_parallelism = 1;
+
+statement ok
+create table t (
+    tm timestamp,
+    foo int,
+    watermark for tm as tm - interval '5 minutes'
+) append only;
+
+statement ok
+set streaming_parallelism = 0;
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv as
+select tm, foo from t
+emit on window close;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values
+  ('2023-05-06 16:51:00', 1)
+, ('2023-05-06 16:56:00', 8)
+, ('2023-05-06 17:30:00', 3)
+, ('2023-05-06 17:59:00', 4)
+, ('2023-05-06 18:01:00', 6)
+;
+
+query TI
+select * from mv order by tm;
+----
+2023-05-06 16:51:00  1
+2023-05-06 16:56:00  8
+2023-05-06 17:30:00  3
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values
+  ('2023-05-06 18:10:00', 7)
+;
+
+query TI
+select * from mv order by tm;
+----
+2023-05-06 16:51:00  1
+2023-05-06 16:56:00  8
+2023-05-06 17:30:00  3
+2023-05-06 17:59:00  4
+2023-05-06 18:01:00  6
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;

From 1e2a4e59a281007645ae3787e98916ecf35f3d4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 15:54:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 036/430] feat: allow kinesis source start with timestamp
 (#12241)

Signed-off-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
---
 src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs       | 10 ++--
 .../src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs       | 48 +++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
index 6ad250fc93018..993e28379d6ff 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/mod.rs
@@ -29,13 +29,11 @@ pub const KINESIS_CONNECTOR: &str = "kinesis";
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct KinesisProperties {
     #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.mode", alias = "kinesis.scan.startup.mode")]
-    // accepted values: "latest", "earliest", "sequence_number"
+    // accepted values: "latest", "earliest", "timestamp"
     pub scan_startup_mode: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(
-        rename = "scan.startup.sequence_number",
-        alias = "kinesis.scan.startup.sequence_number"
-    )]
-    pub seq_offset: Option<String>,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.timestamp.millis")]
+    pub timestamp_offset: Option<i64>,
 
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: KinesisCommon,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
index fed48c5162a44..c321a4c63fd7d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::error::{DisplayErrorContext, SdkError};
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::operation::get_records::{GetRecordsError, GetRecordsOutput};
+use aws_sdk_kinesis::primitives::DateTime;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::types::ShardIteratorType;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::Client as KinesisClient;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
@@ -69,16 +70,16 @@ impl SplitReader for KinesisSplitReader {
                 Some(mode) => match mode.as_str() {
                     "earliest" => KinesisOffset::Earliest,
                     "latest" => KinesisOffset::Latest,
-                    "sequence_number" => {
-                        if let Some(seq) = &properties.seq_offset {
-                            KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(seq.clone())
+                    "timestamp" => {
+                        if let Some(ts) = &properties.timestamp_offset {
+                            KinesisOffset::Timestamp(*ts)
                         } else {
-                            return Err(anyhow!("scan_startup_sequence_number is required"));
+                            return Err(anyhow!("scan.startup.timestamp.millis is required"));
                         }
                     }
                     _ => {
                         return Err(anyhow!(
-                            "invalid scan_startup_mode, accept earliest/latest/sequence_number"
+                            "invalid scan_startup_mode, accept earliest/latest/timestamp"
                         ))
                     }
                 },
@@ -86,11 +87,11 @@ impl SplitReader for KinesisSplitReader {
             start_position => start_position.to_owned(),
         };
 
-        if !matches!(start_position, KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(_))
-            && properties.seq_offset.is_some()
+        if !matches!(start_position, KinesisOffset::Timestamp(_))
+            && properties.timestamp_offset.is_some()
         {
             return Err(
-                anyhow!("scan.startup.mode need to be set to 'sequence_number' if you want to start with a specific sequence number")
+                anyhow!("scan.startup.mode need to be set to 'timestamp' if you want to start with a specific timestamp")
             );
         }
 
@@ -208,27 +209,37 @@ impl CommonSplitReader for KinesisSplitReader {
 }
 impl KinesisSplitReader {
     async fn new_shard_iter(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        let (starting_seq_num, iter_type) = if self.latest_offset.is_some() {
+        let (starting_seq_num, start_timestamp, iter_type) = if self.latest_offset.is_some() {
             (
                 self.latest_offset.clone(),
+                None,
                 ShardIteratorType::AfterSequenceNumber,
             )
         } else {
             match &self.start_position {
-                KinesisOffset::Earliest => (None, ShardIteratorType::TrimHorizon),
-                KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(seq) => {
-                    (Some(seq.clone()), ShardIteratorType::AfterSequenceNumber)
-                }
-                KinesisOffset::Latest => (None, ShardIteratorType::Latest),
+                KinesisOffset::Earliest => (None, None, ShardIteratorType::TrimHorizon),
+                KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(seq) => (
+                    Some(seq.clone()),
+                    None,
+                    ShardIteratorType::AfterSequenceNumber,
+                ),
+                KinesisOffset::Latest => (None, None, ShardIteratorType::Latest),
+                KinesisOffset::Timestamp(ts) => (
+                    None,
+                    Some(DateTime::from_millis(*ts)),
+                    ShardIteratorType::AtTimestamp,
+                ),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         };
 
+        // `starting_seq_num` and `starting_timestamp` will not be both set
         async fn get_shard_iter_inner(
             client: &KinesisClient,
             stream_name: &str,
             shard_id: &str,
             starting_seq_num: Option<String>,
+            starting_timestamp: Option<DateTime>,
             iter_type: ShardIteratorType,
         ) -> Result<String> {
             let resp = client
@@ -237,6 +248,7 @@ impl KinesisSplitReader {
                 .shard_id(shard_id)
                 .shard_iterator_type(iter_type)
                 .set_starting_sequence_number(starting_seq_num)
+                .set_timestamp(starting_timestamp)
                 .send()
                 .await?;
 
@@ -256,6 +268,7 @@ impl KinesisSplitReader {
                         &self.stream_name,
                         &self.shard_id,
                         starting_seq_num.clone(),
+                        start_timestamp,
                         iter_type.clone(),
                     )
                 },
@@ -307,10 +320,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
 
             scan_startup_mode: None,
-            seq_offset: Some(
-                // redundant seq number
-                "49629139817504901062972448413535783695568426186596941842".to_string(),
-            ),
+            timestamp_offset: Some(123456789098765432),
         };
         let client = KinesisSplitReader::new(
             properties,
@@ -343,7 +353,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
 
             scan_startup_mode: None,
-            seq_offset: None,
+            timestamp_offset: None,
         };
 
         let trim_horizen_reader = KinesisSplitReader::new(

From 6f136bf5a3ade729e9f4eb3a9c266082d857058a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 16:38:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 037/430] refactor: replace more GAT-based async trait with
 RPITIT (#12271)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/batch/src/exchange_source.rs              |  11 +-
 src/batch/src/execution/grpc_exchange.rs      |  35 +-
 src/batch/src/execution/local_exchange.rs     |  31 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs          |  15 +-
 src/batch/src/lib.rs                          |   1 +
 src/connector/src/source/external.rs          |  58 ++--
 .../src/source/mock_external_table.rs         |  24 +-
 .../backfill/upstream_table/snapshot.rs       | 101 +++---
 src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs           | 304 ++++++++----------
 9 files changed, 243 insertions(+), 337 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/exchange_source.rs b/src/batch/src/exchange_source.rs
index 5c34922a7c6df..e5aaa295e5dc2 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/exchange_source.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/exchange_source.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::future::Future;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
 use crate::execution::grpc_exchange::GrpcExchangeSource;
 use crate::execution::local_exchange::LocalExchangeSource;
@@ -24,11 +25,7 @@ use crate::task::TaskId;
 
 /// Each `ExchangeSource` maps to one task, it takes the execution result from task chunk by chunk.
 pub trait ExchangeSource: Send + Debug {
-    type TakeDataFuture<'a>: Future<Output = risingwave_common::error::Result<Option<DataChunk>>>
-        + 'a
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-    fn take_data(&mut self) -> Self::TakeDataFuture<'_>;
+    fn take_data(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<DataChunk>>> + '_;
 
     /// Get upstream task id.
     fn get_task_id(&self) -> TaskId;
@@ -42,9 +39,7 @@ pub enum ExchangeSourceImpl {
 }
 
 impl ExchangeSourceImpl {
-    pub(crate) async fn take_data(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> risingwave_common::error::Result<Option<DataChunk>> {
+    pub(crate) async fn take_data(&mut self) -> Result<Option<DataChunk>> {
         match self {
             ExchangeSourceImpl::Grpc(grpc) => grpc.take_data().await,
             ExchangeSourceImpl::Local(local) => local.take_data().await,
diff --git a/src/batch/src/execution/grpc_exchange.rs b/src/batch/src/execution/grpc_exchange.rs
index 21705ab634c29..1ec24e5b440fb 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/execution/grpc_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/execution/grpc_exchange.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::future::Future;
 
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
@@ -73,26 +72,22 @@ impl Debug for GrpcExchangeSource {
 }
 
 impl ExchangeSource for GrpcExchangeSource {
-    type TakeDataFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = Result<Option<DataChunk>>> + 'a;
-
-    fn take_data(&mut self) -> Self::TakeDataFuture<'_> {
-        async {
-            let res = match self.stream.next().await {
-                None => {
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-                Some(r) => r,
-            };
-            let task_data = res?;
-            let data = DataChunk::from_protobuf(task_data.get_record_batch()?)?.compact();
-            trace!(
-                "Receiver taskOutput = {:?}, data = {:?}",
-                self.task_output_id,
-                data
-            );
+    async fn take_data(&mut self) -> Result<Option<DataChunk>> {
+        let res = match self.stream.next().await {
+            None => {
+                return Ok(None);
+            }
+            Some(r) => r,
+        };
+        let task_data = res?;
+        let data = DataChunk::from_protobuf(task_data.get_record_batch()?)?.compact();
+        trace!(
+            "Receiver taskOutput = {:?}, data = {:?}",
+            self.task_output_id,
+            data
+        );
 
-            Ok(Some(data))
-        }
+        Ok(Some(data))
     }
 
     fn get_task_id(&self) -> TaskId {
diff --git a/src/batch/src/execution/local_exchange.rs b/src/batch/src/execution/local_exchange.rs
index b28687c5d25c2..c08bd6a7ef145 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/execution/local_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/execution/local_exchange.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::future::Future;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
@@ -52,23 +51,19 @@ impl Debug for LocalExchangeSource {
 }
 
 impl ExchangeSource for LocalExchangeSource {
-    type TakeDataFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = Result<Option<DataChunk>>> + 'a;
-
-    fn take_data(&mut self) -> Self::TakeDataFuture<'_> {
-        async {
-            let ret = self.task_output.direct_take_data().await?;
-            if let Some(data) = ret {
-                let data = data.compact();
-                trace!(
-                    "Receiver task: {:?}, source task output: {:?}, data: {:?}",
-                    self.task_id,
-                    self.task_output.id(),
-                    data
-                );
-                Ok(Some(data))
-            } else {
-                Ok(None)
-            }
+    async fn take_data(&mut self) -> Result<Option<DataChunk>> {
+        let ret = self.task_output.direct_take_data().await?;
+        if let Some(data) = ret {
+            let data = data.compact();
+            trace!(
+                "Receiver task: {:?}, source task output: {:?}, data: {:?}",
+                self.task_id,
+                self.task_output.id(),
+                data
+            );
+            Ok(Some(data))
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index e6840ff3ea396..0b7e684348338 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::future::Future;
 
 use assert_matches::assert_matches;
 use futures::StreamExt;
@@ -246,15 +245,11 @@ impl FakeExchangeSource {
 }
 
 impl ExchangeSource for FakeExchangeSource {
-    type TakeDataFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = Result<Option<DataChunk>>> + 'a;
-
-    fn take_data(&mut self) -> Self::TakeDataFuture<'_> {
-        async {
-            if let Some(chunk) = self.chunks.pop() {
-                Ok(chunk)
-            } else {
-                Ok(None)
-            }
+    async fn take_data(&mut self) -> Result<Option<DataChunk>> {
+        if let Some(chunk) = self.chunks.pop() {
+            Ok(chunk)
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/lib.rs b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
index fe85ecab3223f..ac062a16c1c10 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
+#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 
 mod error;
 pub mod exchange_source;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
index d4293fca1d6f9..3a47dea0b13ff 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
@@ -200,13 +200,9 @@ impl MySqlOffset {
 }
 
 pub trait ExternalTableReader {
-    type CdcOffsetFuture<'a>: Future<Output = ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>> + Send + 'a
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-
     fn get_normalized_table_name(&self, table_name: &SchemaTableName) -> String;
 
-    fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> Self::CdcOffsetFuture<'_>;
+    fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> impl Future<Output = ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>> + Send + '_;
 
     fn parse_binlog_offset(&self, offset: &str) -> ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>;
 
@@ -248,32 +244,28 @@ pub struct ExternalTableConfig {
 }
 
 impl ExternalTableReader for MySqlExternalTableReader {
-    type CdcOffsetFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>> + 'a;
-
     fn get_normalized_table_name(&self, table_name: &SchemaTableName) -> String {
         format!("`{}`", table_name.table_name)
     }
 
-    fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> Self::CdcOffsetFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let mut conn = self
-                .pool
-                .get_conn()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| ConnectorError::Connection(anyhow!(e)))?;
-
-            let sql = "SHOW MASTER STATUS".to_string();
-            let mut rs = conn.query::<mysql_async::Row, _>(sql).await?;
-            let row = rs
-                .iter_mut()
-                .exactly_one()
-                .map_err(|e| ConnectorError::Internal(anyhow!("read binlog error: {}", e)))?;
-
-            Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset {
-                filename: row.take("File").unwrap(),
-                position: row.take("Position").unwrap(),
-            }))
-        }
+    async fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> ConnectorResult<CdcOffset> {
+        let mut conn = self
+            .pool
+            .get_conn()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ConnectorError::Connection(anyhow!(e)))?;
+
+        let sql = "SHOW MASTER STATUS".to_string();
+        let mut rs = conn.query::<mysql_async::Row, _>(sql).await?;
+        let row = rs
+            .iter_mut()
+            .exactly_one()
+            .map_err(|e| ConnectorError::Internal(anyhow!("read binlog error: {}", e)))?;
+
+        Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset {
+            filename: row.take("File").unwrap(),
+            position: row.take("Position").unwrap(),
+        }))
     }
 
     fn parse_binlog_offset(&self, offset: &str) -> ConnectorResult<CdcOffset> {
@@ -478,8 +470,6 @@ impl MySqlExternalTableReader {
 }
 
 impl ExternalTableReader for ExternalTableReaderImpl {
-    type CdcOffsetFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>> + 'a;
-
     fn get_normalized_table_name(&self, table_name: &SchemaTableName) -> String {
         match self {
             ExternalTableReaderImpl::MySql(mysql) => mysql.get_normalized_table_name(table_name),
@@ -487,12 +477,10 @@ impl ExternalTableReader for ExternalTableReaderImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> Self::CdcOffsetFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            match self {
-                ExternalTableReaderImpl::MySql(mysql) => mysql.current_cdc_offset().await,
-                ExternalTableReaderImpl::Mock(mock) => mock.current_cdc_offset().await,
-            }
+    async fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> ConnectorResult<CdcOffset> {
+        match self {
+            ExternalTableReaderImpl::MySql(mysql) => mysql.current_cdc_offset().await,
+            ExternalTableReaderImpl::Mock(mock) => mock.current_cdc_offset().await,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/mock_external_table.rs b/src/connector/src/source/mock_external_table.rs
index c4e16aae6ae85..7224a32b9e571 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/mock_external_table.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/mock_external_table.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::future::Future;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
@@ -91,24 +90,21 @@ impl MockExternalTableReader {
 }
 
 impl ExternalTableReader for MockExternalTableReader {
-    type CdcOffsetFuture<'a> = impl Future<Output = ConnectorResult<CdcOffset>> + 'a;
-
     fn get_normalized_table_name(&self, _table_name: &SchemaTableName) -> String {
         "`mock_table`".to_string()
     }
 
-    fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> Self::CdcOffsetFuture<'_> {
+    async fn current_cdc_offset(&self) -> ConnectorResult<CdcOffset> {
         static IDX: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
-        async move {
-            let idx = IDX.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
-            if idx < self.binlog_watermarks.len() {
-                Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(self.binlog_watermarks[idx].clone()))
-            } else {
-                Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset {
-                    filename: "1.binlog".to_string(),
-                    position: u64::MAX,
-                }))
-            }
+
+        let idx = IDX.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        if idx < self.binlog_watermarks.len() {
+            Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(self.binlog_watermarks[idx].clone()))
+        } else {
+            Ok(CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset {
+                filename: "1.binlog".to_string(),
+                position: u64::MAX,
+            }))
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/upstream_table/snapshot.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/upstream_table/snapshot.rs
index 806d78700154e..0e17ba7e722c4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/upstream_table/snapshot.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/upstream_table/snapshot.rs
@@ -24,21 +24,17 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::external::{CdcOffset, ExternalTableReader};
 
 use crate::executor::backfill::upstream_table::external::ExternalStorageTable;
 use crate::executor::backfill::utils::iter_chunks;
-use crate::executor::{StreamExecutorResult, INVALID_EPOCH};
+use crate::executor::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult, INVALID_EPOCH};
 
 pub trait UpstreamTableRead {
-    type BinlogOffsetFuture<'a>: Future<Output = StreamExecutorResult<Option<CdcOffset>>>
-        + Send
-        + 'a
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-    type SnapshotStream<'a>: Stream<Item = StreamExecutorResult<Option<StreamChunk>>> + Send + 'a
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-
-    fn snapshot_read(&self, args: SnapshotReadArgs) -> Self::SnapshotStream<'_>;
-
-    fn current_binlog_offset(&self) -> Self::BinlogOffsetFuture<'_>;
+    fn snapshot_read(
+        &self,
+        args: SnapshotReadArgs,
+    ) -> impl Stream<Item = StreamExecutorResult<Option<StreamChunk>>> + Send + '_;
+
+    fn current_binlog_offset(
+        &self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = StreamExecutorResult<Option<CdcOffset>>> + Send + '_;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
@@ -92,52 +88,43 @@ impl<T> UpstreamTableReader<T> {
 }
 
 impl UpstreamTableRead for UpstreamTableReader<ExternalStorageTable> {
-    type BinlogOffsetFuture<'a> =
-        impl Future<Output = StreamExecutorResult<Option<CdcOffset>>> + 'a;
-    type SnapshotStream<'a> = impl Stream<Item = StreamExecutorResult<Option<StreamChunk>>> + 'a;
-
-    fn snapshot_read(&self, args: SnapshotReadArgs) -> Self::SnapshotStream<'_> {
-        #[try_stream]
-        async move {
-            let primary_keys = self
-                .inner
-                .pk_indices()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|idx| {
-                    let f = &self.inner.schema().fields[*idx];
-                    f.name.clone()
-                })
-                .collect_vec();
-
-            tracing::debug!(
-                "snapshot_read primary keys: {:?}, current_pos: {:?}",
-                primary_keys,
-                args.current_pos
-            );
-
-            let row_stream = self.inner.table_reader().snapshot_read(
-                self.inner.schema_table_name(),
-                args.current_pos,
-                primary_keys,
-            );
-
-            pin_mut!(row_stream);
-
-            let mut builder =
-                DataChunkBuilder::new(self.inner.schema().data_types(), args.chunk_size);
-            let chunk_stream = iter_chunks(row_stream, &mut builder);
-            #[for_await]
-            for chunk in chunk_stream {
-                yield chunk?;
-            }
+    #[try_stream(ok = Option<StreamChunk>, error = StreamExecutorError)]
+    async fn snapshot_read(&self, args: SnapshotReadArgs) {
+        let primary_keys = self
+            .inner
+            .pk_indices()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|idx| {
+                let f = &self.inner.schema().fields[*idx];
+                f.name.clone()
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        tracing::debug!(
+            "snapshot_read primary keys: {:?}, current_pos: {:?}",
+            primary_keys,
+            args.current_pos
+        );
+
+        let row_stream = self.inner.table_reader().snapshot_read(
+            self.inner.schema_table_name(),
+            args.current_pos,
+            primary_keys,
+        );
+
+        pin_mut!(row_stream);
+
+        let mut builder = DataChunkBuilder::new(self.inner.schema().data_types(), args.chunk_size);
+        let chunk_stream = iter_chunks(row_stream, &mut builder);
+        #[for_await]
+        for chunk in chunk_stream {
+            yield chunk?;
         }
     }
 
-    fn current_binlog_offset(&self) -> Self::BinlogOffsetFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let binlog = self.inner.table_reader().current_cdc_offset();
-            let binlog = binlog.await?;
-            Ok(Some(binlog))
-        }
+    async fn current_binlog_offset(&self) -> StreamExecutorResult<Option<CdcOffset>> {
+        let binlog = self.inner.table_reader().current_cdc_offset();
+        let binlog = binlog.await?;
+        Ok(Some(binlog))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
index 17b8866543c6f..024b830161ccf 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
@@ -433,27 +433,15 @@ macro_rules! for_all_dispatcher_variants {
 
 for_all_dispatcher_variants! { impl_dispatcher }
 
-macro_rules! define_dispatcher_associated_types {
-    () => {
-        type DataFuture<'a> = impl DispatchFuture<'a>;
-        type BarrierFuture<'a> = impl DispatchFuture<'a>;
-        type WatermarkFuture<'a> = impl DispatchFuture<'a>;
-    };
-}
-
 pub trait DispatchFuture<'a> = Future<Output = StreamResult<()>> + Send;
 
 pub trait Dispatcher: Debug + 'static {
-    type DataFuture<'a>: DispatchFuture<'a>;
-    type BarrierFuture<'a>: DispatchFuture<'a>;
-    type WatermarkFuture<'a>: DispatchFuture<'a>;
-
     /// Dispatch a data chunk to downstream actors.
-    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self::DataFuture<'_>;
+    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> impl DispatchFuture<'_>;
     /// Dispatch a barrier to downstream actors, generally by broadcasting it.
-    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> Self::BarrierFuture<'_>;
+    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> impl DispatchFuture<'_>;
     /// Dispatch a watermark to downstream actors, generally by broadcasting it.
-    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> Self::WatermarkFuture<'_>;
+    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> impl DispatchFuture<'_>;
 
     /// Add new outputs to the dispatcher.
     fn add_outputs(&mut self, outputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = BoxedOutput>);
@@ -493,38 +481,30 @@ impl RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
 }
 
 impl Dispatcher for RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
-    define_dispatcher_associated_types!();
-
-    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self::DataFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
-            self.outputs[self.cur].send(Message::Chunk(chunk)).await?;
-            self.cur += 1;
-            self.cur %= self.outputs.len();
-            Ok(())
-        }
+    async fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
+        self.outputs[self.cur].send(Message::Chunk(chunk)).await?;
+        self.cur += 1;
+        self.cur %= self.outputs.len();
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> Self::BarrierFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            // always broadcast barrier
-            for output in &mut self.outputs {
-                output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+    async fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        // always broadcast barrier
+        for output in &mut self.outputs {
+            output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> Self::WatermarkFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
-                // always broadcast watermark
-                for output in &mut self.outputs {
-                    output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
-                }
+    async fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
+            // always broadcast watermark
+            for output in &mut self.outputs {
+                output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
             }
-            Ok(())
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn add_outputs(&mut self, outputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = BoxedOutput>) {
@@ -586,112 +566,102 @@ impl HashDataDispatcher {
 }
 
 impl Dispatcher for HashDataDispatcher {
-    define_dispatcher_associated_types!();
-
     fn add_outputs(&mut self, outputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = BoxedOutput>) {
         self.outputs.extend(outputs);
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> Self::BarrierFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            // always broadcast barrier
-            for output in &mut self.outputs {
-                output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+    async fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        // always broadcast barrier
+        for output in &mut self.outputs {
+            output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> Self::WatermarkFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
-                // always broadcast watermark
-                for output in &mut self.outputs {
-                    output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
-                }
+    async fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
+            // always broadcast watermark
+            for output in &mut self.outputs {
+                output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
             }
-            Ok(())
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self::DataFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            // A chunk can be shuffled into multiple output chunks that to be sent to downstreams.
-            // In these output chunks, the only difference are visibility map, which is calculated
-            // by the hash value of each line in the input chunk.
-            let num_outputs = self.outputs.len();
+    async fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        // A chunk can be shuffled into multiple output chunks that to be sent to downstreams.
+        // In these output chunks, the only difference are visibility map, which is calculated
+        // by the hash value of each line in the input chunk.
+        let num_outputs = self.outputs.len();
 
-            // get hash value of every line by its key
-            let vnodes = VirtualNode::compute_chunk(chunk.data_chunk(), &self.keys);
+        // get hash value of every line by its key
+        let vnodes = VirtualNode::compute_chunk(chunk.data_chunk(), &self.keys);
 
-            tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::dispatch::hash", "\n{}\n keys {:?} => {:?}", chunk.to_pretty(), self.keys, vnodes);
+        tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::dispatch::hash", "\n{}\n keys {:?} => {:?}", chunk.to_pretty(), self.keys, vnodes);
 
-            let mut vis_maps = repeat_with(|| BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(chunk.capacity()))
-                .take(num_outputs)
-                .collect_vec();
-            let mut last_vnode_when_update_delete = None;
-            let mut new_ops: Vec<Op> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
+        let mut vis_maps = repeat_with(|| BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(chunk.capacity()))
+            .take(num_outputs)
+            .collect_vec();
+        let mut last_vnode_when_update_delete = None;
+        let mut new_ops: Vec<Op> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
 
-            // Apply output indices after calculating the vnode.
-            let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
+        // Apply output indices after calculating the vnode.
+        let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
 
-            for ((vnode, &op), visible) in vnodes
-                .iter()
-                .copied()
-                .zip_eq_fast(chunk.ops())
-                .zip_eq_fast(chunk.vis().iter())
-            {
-                // Build visibility map for every output chunk.
-                for (output, vis_map) in self.outputs.iter().zip_eq_fast(vis_maps.iter_mut()) {
-                    vis_map.append(
-                        visible && self.hash_mapping[vnode.to_index()] == output.actor_id(),
-                    );
-                }
+        for ((vnode, &op), visible) in vnodes
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.ops())
+            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.vis().iter())
+        {
+            // Build visibility map for every output chunk.
+            for (output, vis_map) in self.outputs.iter().zip_eq_fast(vis_maps.iter_mut()) {
+                vis_map.append(visible && self.hash_mapping[vnode.to_index()] == output.actor_id());
+            }
 
-                if !visible {
-                    new_ops.push(op);
-                    continue;
-                }
+            if !visible {
+                new_ops.push(op);
+                continue;
+            }
 
-                // The 'update' message, noted by an `UpdateDelete` and a successive `UpdateInsert`,
-                // need to be rewritten to common `Delete` and `Insert` if they were dispatched to
-                // different actors.
-                if op == Op::UpdateDelete {
-                    last_vnode_when_update_delete = Some(vnode);
-                } else if op == Op::UpdateInsert {
-                    if vnode != last_vnode_when_update_delete.unwrap() {
-                        new_ops.push(Op::Delete);
-                        new_ops.push(Op::Insert);
-                    } else {
-                        new_ops.push(Op::UpdateDelete);
-                        new_ops.push(Op::UpdateInsert);
-                    }
+            // The 'update' message, noted by an `UpdateDelete` and a successive `UpdateInsert`,
+            // need to be rewritten to common `Delete` and `Insert` if they were dispatched to
+            // different actors.
+            if op == Op::UpdateDelete {
+                last_vnode_when_update_delete = Some(vnode);
+            } else if op == Op::UpdateInsert {
+                if vnode != last_vnode_when_update_delete.unwrap() {
+                    new_ops.push(Op::Delete);
+                    new_ops.push(Op::Insert);
                 } else {
-                    new_ops.push(op);
+                    new_ops.push(Op::UpdateDelete);
+                    new_ops.push(Op::UpdateInsert);
                 }
+            } else {
+                new_ops.push(op);
             }
+        }
 
-            let ops = new_ops;
-
-            // individually output StreamChunk integrated with vis_map
-            for (vis_map, output) in vis_maps.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(self.outputs.iter_mut()) {
-                let vis_map = vis_map.finish();
-                // columns is not changed in this function
-                let new_stream_chunk =
-                    StreamChunk::new(ops.clone(), chunk.columns().into(), Some(vis_map));
-                if new_stream_chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
-                    event!(
-                        tracing::Level::TRACE,
-                        msg = "chunk",
-                        downstream = output.actor_id(),
-                        "send = \n{:#?}",
-                        new_stream_chunk
-                    );
-                    output.send(Message::Chunk(new_stream_chunk)).await?;
-                }
+        let ops = new_ops;
+
+        // individually output StreamChunk integrated with vis_map
+        for (vis_map, output) in vis_maps.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(self.outputs.iter_mut()) {
+            let vis_map = vis_map.finish();
+            // columns is not changed in this function
+            let new_stream_chunk =
+                StreamChunk::new(ops.clone(), chunk.columns().into(), Some(vis_map));
+            if new_stream_chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
+                event!(
+                    tracing::Level::TRACE,
+                    msg = "chunk",
+                    downstream = output.actor_id(),
+                    "send = \n{:#?}",
+                    new_stream_chunk
+                );
+                output.send(Message::Chunk(new_stream_chunk)).await?;
             }
-            Ok(())
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn remove_outputs(&mut self, actor_ids: &HashSet<ActorId>) {
@@ -740,37 +710,29 @@ impl BroadcastDispatcher {
 }
 
 impl Dispatcher for BroadcastDispatcher {
-    define_dispatcher_associated_types!();
-
-    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self::DataFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
-            for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
-                output.send(Message::Chunk(chunk.clone())).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+    async fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
+        for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
+            output.send(Message::Chunk(chunk.clone())).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> Self::BarrierFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
-                output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+    async fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
+            output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> Self::WatermarkFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
-                // always broadcast watermark
-                for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
-                    output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
-                }
+    async fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
+            // always broadcast watermark
+            for output in self.outputs.values_mut() {
+                output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark.clone())).await?;
             }
-            Ok(())
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn add_outputs(&mut self, outputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = BoxedOutput>) {
@@ -828,49 +790,41 @@ impl SimpleDispatcher {
 }
 
 impl Dispatcher for SimpleDispatcher {
-    define_dispatcher_associated_types!();
-
     fn add_outputs(&mut self, outputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = BoxedOutput>) {
         self.output.extend(outputs);
         assert!(self.output.len() <= 2);
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> Self::BarrierFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            // Only barrier is allowed to be dispatched to multiple outputs during migration.
-            for output in &mut self.output {
-                output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+    async fn dispatch_barrier(&mut self, barrier: Barrier) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        // Only barrier is allowed to be dispatched to multiple outputs during migration.
+        for output in &mut self.output {
+            output.send(Message::Barrier(barrier.clone())).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self::DataFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let output = self
-                .output
-                .iter_mut()
-                .exactly_one()
-                .expect("expect exactly one output");
+    async fn dispatch_data(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        let output = self
+            .output
+            .iter_mut()
+            .exactly_one()
+            .expect("expect exactly one output");
 
-            let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
-            output.send(Message::Chunk(chunk)).await
-        }
+        let chunk = chunk.project(&self.output_indices);
+        output.send(Message::Chunk(chunk)).await
     }
 
-    fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> Self::WatermarkFuture<'_> {
-        async move {
-            let output = self
-                .output
-                .iter_mut()
-                .exactly_one()
-                .expect("expect exactly one output");
+    async fn dispatch_watermark(&mut self, watermark: Watermark) -> StreamResult<()> {
+        let output = self
+            .output
+            .iter_mut()
+            .exactly_one()
+            .expect("expect exactly one output");
 
-            if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
-                output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark)).await?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
+        if let Some(watermark) = watermark.transform_with_indices(&self.output_indices) {
+            output.send(Message::Watermark(watermark)).await?;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn remove_outputs(&mut self, actor_ids: &HashSet<ActorId>) {

From 9d4f83c44c08bb09a0d7de0bd437576c921df5bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wu <f_dogs@protonmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 16:39:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 038/430] chore: bump `jsonschema-transpiler` version (#12267)

---
 Cargo.lock               | 153 ++++++++++-----------------------------
 src/connector/Cargo.toml |  14 +++-
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 2a6f0b1a2f443..1069bd493b209 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -98,15 +98,6 @@ version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4b46cbb362ab8752921c97e041f5e366ee6297bd428a31275b9fcf1e380f7299"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ansi_term"
-version = "0.11.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee49baf6cb617b853aa8d93bf420db2383fab46d314482ca2803b40d5fde979b"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "anstream"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -532,17 +523,6 @@ version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c59bdb34bc650a32731b31bd8f0829cc15d24a708ee31559e0bb34f2bc320cba"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.1.19",
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "auto_enums"
 version = "0.8.2"
@@ -1570,21 +1550,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libloading",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "clap"
-version = "2.32.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b957d88f4b6a63b9d70d5f454ac8011819c6efa7727858f458ab71c756ce2d3e"
-dependencies = [
- "ansi_term",
- "atty",
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "strsim 0.7.0",
- "textwrap",
- "unicode-width",
- "vec_map",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
 version = "4.4.2"
@@ -1604,7 +1569,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
  "clap_lex",
- "strsim 0.10.0",
+ "strsim",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1780,7 +1745,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "futures",
  "hdrhistogram",
- "humantime 2.1.0",
+ "humantime",
  "prost-types",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -1922,7 +1887,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anes",
  "cast",
  "ciborium",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "criterion-plot",
  "futures",
  "is-terminal",
@@ -2203,7 +2168,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ident_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "strsim 0.10.0",
+ "strsim",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
@@ -2217,7 +2182,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ident_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "strsim 0.10.0",
+ "strsim",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
@@ -2231,7 +2196,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ident_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "strsim 0.10.0",
+ "strsim",
  "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
@@ -2599,12 +2564,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "env_logger"
-version = "0.6.2"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aafcde04e90a5226a6443b7aabdb016ba2f8307c847d524724bd9b346dd1a2d3"
+checksum = "85cdab6a89accf66733ad5a1693a4dcced6aeff64602b634530dd73c1f3ee9f0"
 dependencies = [
- "atty",
- "humantime 1.3.0",
+ "humantime",
+ "is-terminal",
  "log",
  "regex",
  "termcolor",
@@ -3428,15 +3393,6 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -3518,15 +3474,6 @@ version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "humantime"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df004cfca50ef23c36850aaaa59ad52cc70d0e90243c3c7737a4dd32dc7a3c4f"
-dependencies = [
- "quick-error",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "humantime"
 version = "2.1.0"
@@ -3794,7 +3741,7 @@ version = "1.0.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eae7b9aee968036d54dce06cebaefd919e4472e753296daccd6d344e3e2df0c2"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.3.2",
+ "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
@@ -3811,7 +3758,7 @@ version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cb0889898416213fab133e1d33a0e5858a48177452750691bde3666d0fdbaf8b"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.3.2",
+ "hermit-abi",
  "rustix 0.38.11",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
@@ -3901,12 +3848,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema-transpiler"
 version = "1.10.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40dc049cde84638e2a5657f45a4c74f471a4ecf2a8e2aa0b8ea899d5b1ebdee9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler?rev=c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4#c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4"
 dependencies = [
- "clap 2.32.0",
+ "clap",
  "env_logger",
- "heck 0.3.3",
+ "heck 0.4.1",
  "log",
  "maplit",
  "regex",
@@ -4073,7 +4019,7 @@ version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6d8de370f98a6cb8a4606618e53e802f93b094ddec0f96988eaec2c27e6e9ce7"
 dependencies = [
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "termcolor",
  "threadpool",
 ]
@@ -4893,7 +4839,7 @@ version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4161fcb6d602d4d2081af7c3a45852d875a03dd337a6bfdd6e06407b61342a43"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.3.2",
+ "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -6464,7 +6410,7 @@ version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "console",
  "fs-err",
  "glob",
@@ -6492,7 +6438,7 @@ name = "risedev-config"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "console",
  "dialoguer",
  "enum-iterator",
@@ -6524,7 +6470,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_backup_cmd"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_backup",
@@ -6587,7 +6533,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bcc",
  "bytes",
  "bytesize",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "futures",
  "hdrhistogram",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
@@ -6613,7 +6559,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_cmd"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
@@ -6634,7 +6580,7 @@ name = "risingwave_cmd_all"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "console",
  "const-str",
  "expect-test",
@@ -6676,7 +6622,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "comfy-table",
  "crc32fast",
  "criterion",
@@ -6692,7 +6638,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "http",
  "http-body",
- "humantime 2.1.0",
+ "humantime",
  "hyper",
  "hytra",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
@@ -6790,7 +6736,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "futures",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "prometheus",
@@ -6816,7 +6762,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
  "await-tree",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "madsim-tonic",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -6841,7 +6787,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "await-tree",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "either",
  "futures",
  "futures-async-stream",
@@ -6960,7 +6906,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "comfy-table",
  "futures",
  "inquire",
@@ -6993,7 +6939,7 @@ version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "pg_interval",
  "rust_decimal",
@@ -7072,7 +7018,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "auto_enums",
  "bk-tree",
  "bytes",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "downcast-rs",
  "dyn-clone",
  "easy-ext",
@@ -7145,7 +7091,7 @@ version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "criterion",
  "expect-test",
  "fail",
@@ -7240,7 +7186,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-sdk-ec2",
  "axum",
  "bytes",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "crepe",
  "easy-ext",
  "either",
@@ -7363,7 +7309,7 @@ name = "risingwave_regress_test"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "path-absolutize",
  "similar",
@@ -7435,7 +7381,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
  "cfg-or-panic",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "console",
  "futures",
  "glob",
@@ -7530,7 +7476,7 @@ version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "expect-test",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libtest-mimic",
@@ -7555,7 +7501,7 @@ name = "risingwave_state_cleaning_test"
 version = "1.1.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "futures",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "prometheus",
@@ -8667,7 +8613,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fs-err",
  "futures",
  "glob",
- "humantime 2.1.0",
+ "humantime",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libtest-mimic",
  "md-5",
@@ -8708,12 +8654,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-normalization",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "strsim"
-version = "0.7.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb4f380125926a99e52bc279241539c018323fab05ad6368b56f93d9369ff550"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.10.0"
@@ -8923,15 +8863,6 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3369f5ac52d5eb6ab48c6b4ffdc8efbcad6b89c765749064ba298f2c68a16a76"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "textwrap"
-version = "0.10.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "307686869c93e71f94da64286f9a9524c0f308a9e1c87a583de8e9c9039ad3f6"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-width",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "1.0.48"
@@ -9681,12 +9612,6 @@ version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "vec_map"
-version = "0.8.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "vergen"
 version = "8.2.5"
@@ -10100,7 +10025,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cc",
  "chrono",
- "clap 4.4.2",
+ "clap",
  "clap_builder",
  "combine",
  "crossbeam-epoch",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index c834452352f5f..6b0aebf4b0f18 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
     "clock",
     "std",
 ] }
-clickhouse = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/clickhouse.rs", rev = "622501c1c98c80baaf578c716d6903dde947804e", features = ["time"] }
+clickhouse = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/clickhouse.rs", rev = "622501c1c98c80baaf578c716d6903dde947804e", features = [
+    "time",
+] }
 csv = "1.2"
 duration-str = "0.5.1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
@@ -54,11 +56,15 @@ hyper-tls = "0.5"
 icelake = { workspace = true }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
-jsonschema-transpiler = "1.10.0"
+jsonschema-transpiler = { git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
-mysql_async = { version = "0.32", default-features = false, features = ["default"] }
-mysql_common = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["chrono"] }
+mysql_async = { version = "0.32", default-features = false, features = [
+    "default",
+] }
+mysql_common = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = [
+    "chrono",
+] }
 nexmark = { version = "0.2", features = ["serde"] }
 num-bigint = "0.4"
 opendal = "0.39"

From 173ad4e249760b86636941676077b5ed63f48551 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 18:03:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 039/430] feat(catalog): add pg_type.typinput and support dummy
 casting to regproc (#12272)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_type.slt.part       | 36 ++++++++---------
 src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs         | 40 +++++++++----------
 .../tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml      |  5 +++
 .../tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml     | 16 +++++---
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs           | 13 ++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs             |  1 +
 .../system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs      |  3 ++
 .../system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs     | 19 +++++----
 src/meta/src/manager/env.rs                   |  4 +-
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs            |  3 ++
 src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs                 |  1 +
 src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs                   |  1 +
 12 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_type.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_type.slt.part
index e7a19d1566c4e..e35d21291bc14 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_type.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_type.slt.part
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 query ITITT
-SELECT oid, typname, typelem, typnotnull, typtype FROM pg_catalog.pg_type order by oid;
+SELECT oid, typname, typelem, typnotnull, typtype, typinput FROM pg_catalog.pg_type order by oid;
 ----
-16	bool	0	f	b
-17	bytea	0	f	b
-20	int8	0	f	b
-21	int2	0	f	b
-23	int4	0	f	b
-25	text	0	f	b
-700	float4	0	f	b
-701	float8	0	f	b
-1043	varchar	0	f	b
-1082	date	0	f	b
-1083	time	0	f	b
-1114	timestamp	0	f	b
-1184	timestamptz	0	f	b
-1186	interval	0	f	b
-1301	rw_int256	0	f	b
-1700	numeric	0	f	b
-3802	jsonb	0	f	b
+16	bool	0	f	b boolin
+17	bytea	0	f	b byteain
+20	int8	0	f	b int8in
+21	int2	0	f	b int2in
+23	int4	0	f	b int4in
+25	text	0	f	b textin
+700	float4	0	f	b float4in
+701	float8	0	f	b float8in
+1043	varchar	0	f	b varcharin
+1082	date	0	f	b date_in
+1083	time	0	f	b time_in
+1114	timestamp	0	f	b timestamp_in
+1184	timestamptz	0	f	b timestamptz_in
+1186	interval	0	f	b interval_in
+1301	rw_int256	0	f	b rw_int256_in
+1700	numeric	0	f	b numeric_in
+3802	jsonb	0	f	b jsonb_in
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs b/src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs
index e65341772c54d..5e470182bad63 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::error::ErrorCode;
 /// `DataType` information extracted from PostgreSQL `pg_type`
 ///
 /// ```sql
-/// select oid, typarray, typname, typlen from pg_type
+/// select oid, typarray, typname, typinput, typlen from pg_type
 /// where oid in (16, 21, 23, 20, 1700, 700, 701, 1043, 17, 1082, 1114, 1184, 1083, 1186, 3802);
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -30,21 +30,21 @@ macro_rules! for_all_base_types {
     ($macro:ident $(, $x:tt)*) => {
         $macro! {
             $($x, )*
-            { Boolean     |   16 |     1000 | bool        |      1 }
-            { Bytea       |   17 |     1001 | bytea       |     -1 }
-            { Int64       |   20 |     1016 | int8        |      8 }
-            { Int16       |   21 |     1005 | int2        |      2 }
-            { Int32       |   23 |     1007 | int4        |      4 }
-            { Float32     |  700 |     1021 | float4      |      4 }
-            { Float64     |  701 |     1022 | float8      |      8 }
-            { Varchar     | 1043 |     1015 | varchar     |     -1 }
-            { Date        | 1082 |     1182 | date        |      4 }
-            { Time        | 1083 |     1183 | time        |      8 }
-            { Timestamp   | 1114 |     1115 | timestamp   |      8 }
-            { Timestamptz | 1184 |     1185 | timestamptz |      8 }
-            { Interval    | 1186 |     1187 | interval    |     16 }
-            { Decimal     | 1700 |     1231 | numeric     |     -1 }
-            { Jsonb       | 3802 |     3807 | jsonb       |     -1 }
+            { Boolean     |   16 |     1000 | bool        | boolin         |      1 }
+            { Bytea       |   17 |     1001 | bytea       | byteain        |     -1 }
+            { Int64       |   20 |     1016 | int8        | int8in         |      8 }
+            { Int16       |   21 |     1005 | int2        | int2in         |      2 }
+            { Int32       |   23 |     1007 | int4        | int4in         |      4 }
+            { Float32     |  700 |     1021 | float4      | float4in       |      4 }
+            { Float64     |  701 |     1022 | float8      | float8in       |      8 }
+            { Varchar     | 1043 |     1015 | varchar     | varcharin      |     -1 }
+            { Date        | 1082 |     1182 | date        | date_in        |      4 }
+            { Time        | 1083 |     1183 | time        | time_in        |      8 }
+            { Timestamp   | 1114 |     1115 | timestamp   | timestamp_in   |      8 }
+            { Timestamptz | 1184 |     1185 | timestamptz | timestamptz_in |      8 }
+            { Interval    | 1186 |     1187 | interval    | interval_in    |     16 }
+            { Decimal     | 1700 |     1231 | numeric     | numeric_in     |     -1 }
+            { Jsonb       | 3802 |     3807 | jsonb       | jsonb_in       |     -1 }
         }
     };
 }
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_base_types {
 impl DataType {
     pub fn type_len(&self) -> i16 {
         macro_rules! impl_type_len {
-            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
+            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $input:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
                 match self {
                     $(
                     DataType::$enum => $len,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl DataType {
     //  For Numeric(aka Decimal): oid = 1700, array_type_oid = 1231
     pub fn from_oid(oid: i32) -> crate::error::Result<Self> {
         macro_rules! impl_from_oid {
-            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
+            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $input:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
                 match oid {
                     $(
                     $oid => Ok(DataType::$enum),
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl DataType {
 
     pub fn to_oid(&self) -> i32 {
         macro_rules! impl_to_oid {
-            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
+            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $input:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
                 match self {
                     $(
                     DataType::$enum => $oid,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl DataType {
 
     pub fn pg_name(&self) -> &'static str {
         macro_rules! impl_pg_name {
-            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
+            ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $input:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
                 match self {
                     $(
                     DataType::$enum => stringify!($name),
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
index f23d76699175e..7560d90aae8e9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
@@ -23,3 +23,8 @@
   expected_outputs:
   - batch_plan
   - logical_plan
+- sql: |
+    select 'boolin'::regproc
+  expected_outputs:
+  - logical_plan
+  - batch_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
index 19d9696f75e5d..0ce056fa1c48a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 - sql: |
     select * from pg_catalog.pg_type
   logical_plan: |-
-    LogicalProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
+    LogicalProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_types.input_oid, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
     └─LogicalShare { id: 3 }
-      └─LogicalProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
+      └─LogicalProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_types.input_oid, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
         └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: (rw_schemas.name = 'pg_catalog':Varchar), output: all }
-          ├─LogicalScan { table: rw_types, columns: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name] }
+          ├─LogicalScan { table: rw_types, columns: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, rw_types.input_oid] }
           └─LogicalScan { table: rw_schemas, columns: [rw_schemas.id, rw_schemas.name, rw_schemas.owner, rw_schemas.acl] }
   batch_plan: |-
-    BatchProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
+    BatchProject { exprs: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_types.input_oid, false:Boolean, 0:Int32, -1:Int32, 0:Int32, 0:Int32, rw_schemas.id, 'b':Varchar, 0:Int32, null:Varchar, null:Varchar, null:Int32] }
     └─BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: true, output: all }
-      ├─BatchScan { table: rw_types, columns: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name], distribution: Single }
+      ├─BatchScan { table: rw_types, columns: [rw_types.id, rw_types.name, rw_types.input_oid], distribution: Single }
       └─BatchProject { exprs: [rw_schemas.id] }
         └─BatchFilter { predicate: (rw_schemas.name = 'pg_catalog':Varchar) }
           └─BatchScan { table: rw_schemas, columns: [rw_schemas.id, rw_schemas.name], distribution: Single }
@@ -224,3 +224,9 @@
     LogicalProject { exprs: [2:Int32] }
     └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
   batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[2:Int32]] }'
+- sql: |
+    select 'boolin'::regproc
+  logical_plan: |-
+    LogicalProject { exprs: ['boolin':Varchar] }
+    └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
+  batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[''boolin'':Varchar]] }'
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
index 7b80dcc3c5495..e9f10f572763a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
@@ -550,6 +550,18 @@ impl Binder {
                 self.resolve_regclass(class_name)
                     .map(|id| ExprImpl::literal_int(id as i32))
             }
+            AstDataType::Regproc => {
+                let lhs = self.bind_expr_inner(expr)?;
+                let lhs_ty = lhs.return_type();
+                if lhs_ty == DataType::Varchar {
+                    // FIXME: Currently, we only allow VARCHAR to be casted to Regproc.
+                    // FIXME: Check whether it's a valid proc
+                    // FIXME: The return type should be casted to Regproc, but we don't have this type.
+                    Ok(lhs)
+                } else {
+                    Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!("Can't cast {} to regproc", lhs_ty)).into())
+                }
+            }
             _ => self.bind_cast_inner(expr, bind_data_type(&data_type)?),
         }
     }
@@ -655,6 +667,7 @@ pub fn bind_data_type(data_type: &AstDataType) -> Result<DataType> {
         }
         AstDataType::Bytea => DataType::Bytea,
         AstDataType::Regclass
+        | AstDataType::Regproc
         | AstDataType::Uuid
         | AstDataType::Custom(_)
         | AstDataType::Decimal(_, _)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
index eb2cacb6c65ab..f7122ce29ce19 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
@@ -852,6 +852,7 @@ fn data_type_to_alias(data_type: &AstDataType) -> Option<String> {
         }
         AstDataType::Interval => "interval".to_string(),
         AstDataType::Regclass => "regclass".to_string(),
+        AstDataType::Regproc => "regproc".to_string(),
         AstDataType::Text => "text".to_string(),
         AstDataType::Bytea => "bytea".to_string(),
         AstDataType::Array(ty) => return data_type_to_alias(ty),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs
index ea9fde4d0afc1..af6a2968e3a8c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ pub static PG_TYPE: LazyLock<BuiltinView> = LazyLock::new(|| BuiltinView {
         (DataType::Int32, "typelem"),
         // 0
         (DataType::Int32, "typarray"),
+        // FIXME: Should be regproc type
+        (DataType::Varchar, "typinput"),
         // false
         (DataType::Boolean, "typnotnull"),
         // 0
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ pub static PG_TYPE: LazyLock<BuiltinView> = LazyLock::new(|| BuiltinView {
                 t.name AS typname, \
                 0 AS typelem, \
                 0 AS typarray, \
+                t.input_oid AS typinput, \
                 false AS typnotnull, \
                 0 AS typbasetype, \
                 -1 AS typtypmod, \
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs
index ae79660e69607..02462c4cee303 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs
@@ -24,25 +24,29 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
 
 macro_rules! impl_pg_type_data {
-    ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
+    ($( { $enum:ident | $oid:literal | $oid_array:literal | $name:ident | $input:ident | $len:literal } )*) => {
         &[
             $(
-            ($oid, stringify!($name)),
+            ($oid, stringify!($name), stringify!($input)),
             )*
             // Note: rw doesn't support `text` type, returning it is just a workaround to be compatible
             // with PostgreSQL.
-            (25, "text"),
-            (1301, "rw_int256"),
+            (25, "text", "textin"),
+            (1301, "rw_int256", "rw_int256_in"),
         ]
     }
 }
-pub const RW_TYPE_DATA: &[(i32, &str)] = for_all_base_types! { impl_pg_type_data };
+pub const RW_TYPE_DATA: &[(i32, &str, &str)] = for_all_base_types! { impl_pg_type_data };
 
 /// `rw_types` stores all supported types in the database.
 pub static RW_TYPES: LazyLock<BuiltinTable> = LazyLock::new(|| BuiltinTable {
     name: "rw_types",
     schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
-    columns: &[(DataType::Int32, "id"), (DataType::Varchar, "name")],
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int32, "id"),
+        (DataType::Varchar, "name"),
+        (DataType::Varchar, "input_oid"),
+    ],
     pk: &[0],
 });
 
@@ -50,10 +54,11 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
     pub fn read_rw_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
         Ok(RW_TYPE_DATA
             .iter()
-            .map(|(id, name)| {
+            .map(|(id, name, input)| {
                 OwnedRow::new(vec![
                     Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(*id)),
                     Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(name.to_string().into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(input.to_string().into())),
                 ])
             })
             .collect_vec())
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
index e8a53f1db8359..40f81dbfd7a64 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ use crate::manager::{
     NotificationManagerRef,
 };
 use crate::model::ClusterId;
+use crate::storage::MetaStoreRef;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
-use crate::storage::MemStore;
-use crate::storage::{MetaStoreBoxExt, MetaStoreRef};
+use crate::storage::{MemStore, MetaStoreBoxExt};
 use crate::MetaResult;
 
 /// [`MetaSrvEnv`] is the global environment in Meta service. The instance will be shared by all
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs
index 13f6654903d54..e8ad404d4d7d6 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ pub enum DataType {
     Interval,
     /// Regclass used in postgresql serial
     Regclass,
+    /// Regproc used in postgresql function
+    Regproc,
     /// Text
     Text,
     /// Bytea
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for DataType {
             }
             DataType::Interval => write!(f, "INTERVAL"),
             DataType::Regclass => write!(f, "REGCLASS"),
+            DataType::Regproc => write!(f, "REGPROC"),
             DataType::Text => write!(f, "TEXT"),
             DataType::Bytea => write!(f, "BYTEA"),
             DataType::Array(ty) => write!(f, "{}[]", ty),
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
index 7b16379be280a..283a0a409512c 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ define_keywords!(
     REFERENCING,
     REGCLASS,
     REGISTRY,
+    REGPROC,
     REGR_AVGX,
     REGR_AVGY,
     REGR_COUNT,
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
index 1917a04e85b9d..4302a4ea12ab1 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
@@ -3285,6 +3285,7 @@ impl Parser {
                 // parse_interval_literal for a taste.
                 Keyword::INTERVAL => Ok(DataType::Interval),
                 Keyword::REGCLASS => Ok(DataType::Regclass),
+                Keyword::REGPROC => Ok(DataType::Regproc),
                 Keyword::TEXT => {
                     if self.consume_token(&Token::LBracket) {
                         // Note: this is postgresql-specific

From a61b5aa1f69e8abc11ed6e362243396f0fe3f666 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 20:31:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 040/430] refactor(expr): merge expression templates into
 `#[function]` macros (#11134)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part            |  34 +-
 src/common/src/array/bool_array.rs            |   9 +
 src/common/src/array/num256_array.rs          |  10 +
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                   |  20 +-
 src/common/src/types/num256.rs                |   2 +-
 src/common/src/util/epoch.rs                  |   9 +-
 src/expr/benches/expr.rs                      | 140 +++-
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 531 +++++++-----
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  90 ++-
 src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs                   |  66 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/types.rs                   |  15 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/build.rs                    |  14 -
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_concat.rs        | 547 -------------
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_is_null.rs             | 172 ----
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_jsonb_access.rs        | 371 ---------
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_proctime.rs            | 107 ---
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp.rs              | 756 ------------------
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp_count.rs        | 229 ------
 .../expr/expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl.rs | 114 ---
 .../expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl.rs    | 132 ---
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_date_const_tmpl.rs  |  98 ---
 .../src/expr/expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl.rs  | 144 ----
 src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs                      |  30 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/template.rs                 | 448 -----------
 src/expr/src/expr/template_fast.rs            | 560 -------------
 src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs          |  36 +
 src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs            |   2 +
 src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs         |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs        | 208 +++++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs        |   8 +-
 .../array_to_string.rs}                       |  72 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs                | 185 ++---
 src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs                 |  92 +--
 src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs           |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs              |   6 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs        |  60 ++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs          |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs               |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs                 |   5 +
 src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs             |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs            |  50 ++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs              | 434 ++++++++++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs              |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs             |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs                 |  47 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs          |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs              |  26 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs              |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs         |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs             | 173 ++--
 src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs        |  67 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs           |   2 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs                |  12 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs               |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs  |  61 +-
 57 files changed, 1756 insertions(+), 4470 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_concat.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_is_null.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_jsonb_access.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_proctime.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp_count.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_date_const_tmpl.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/template.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/template_fast.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs
 rename src/expr/src/{expr/expr_array_to_string.rs => vector_op/array_to_string.rs} (58%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
index 31ae11c1226d1..22c07c7dd2b45 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
@@ -392,6 +392,30 @@ select regexp_match('abc01234xyz', '(?:(.*?)(\d+)(.*)){1,1}');
 ----
 {abc,01234,xyz}
 
+query T
+select regexp_match(string, 'a')
+from (values
+    ('abc'),
+    ('def'),
+    ('ghi')
+) t(string);
+----
+{a}
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+select regexp_match(string, pattern, flags)
+from (values
+    ('abc', 'bc', ''),
+    ('abc', 'Bc', ''),
+    ('abc', 'Bc', 'i')
+) t(string, pattern, flags);
+----
+{bc}
+NULL
+{bc}
+
 query T
 select regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', '(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)', 'g');
 ----
@@ -504,10 +528,10 @@ select regexp_replace('abc123', 'abc', 'prefix\&suffix');
 ----
 prefixabcsuffix123
 
-query error invalid syntax for `regexp_replace`
+query error invalid digit found in string
 select regexp_replace('foobarbaz', 'b..', 'X', 1, 'g');
 
-query error invalid parameters specified in regexp_replace
+query error invalid digit found in string
 select regexp_replace('foobarbaz', 'b..', 'X', 'g', 1);
 
 # With Unicode
@@ -586,16 +610,16 @@ select regexp_count('foobarbaz', 'b..', 3);
 ----
 2
 
-query error Expected start to be a Unsigned Int32
+query error invalid digit found in string
 select regexp_count('foobarbaz', 'b..', 'g');
 
-query error Expected start to be a Unsigned Int32
+query error invalid digit found in string
 select regexp_count('foobarbaz', 'b..', 'i');
 
 query error invalid regular expression option: "a"
 select regexp_count('foobarbaz', 'b..', 3, 'a');
 
-query error `regexp_count` does not support global flag option
+query error does not support the global option
 select regexp_count('foobar', 'b..', 1, 'g');
 
 query T
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/bool_array.rs b/src/common/src/array/bool_array.rs
index 9835ee8a5865c..fb12bb819fffd 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/bool_array.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/bool_array.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ impl BoolArray {
         Self { bitmap, data }
     }
 
+    /// Build a [`BoolArray`] from iterator and bitmap.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: The length of `bitmap` must be equal to the length of `iter`.
+    pub fn from_iter_bitmap(iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = bool>, bitmap: Bitmap) -> Self {
+        let data: Bitmap = iter.into_iter().collect();
+        assert_eq!(data.len(), bitmap.len());
+        BoolArray { bitmap, data }
+    }
+
     pub fn data(&self) -> &Bitmap {
         &self.data
     }
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/num256_array.rs b/src/common/src/array/num256_array.rs
index 65b7daf784979..9845ead46ba05 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/num256_array.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/num256_array.rs
@@ -209,3 +209,13 @@ impl EstimateSize for Int256Array {
         self.bitmap.estimated_heap_size() + self.data.capacity() * size_of::<I256>()
     }
 }
+
+impl FromIterator<Int256> for Int256Array {
+    fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Int256>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+        let data: Vec<I256> = iter.into_iter().map(|i| *i.0).collect();
+        Int256Array {
+            bitmap: Bitmap::ones(data.len()),
+            data,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index 2508d90f9632c..f8989413483eb 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -422,13 +422,13 @@ impl DataType {
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use risingwave_common::types::DataType::*;
-    /// assert_eq!(List(Box::new(Int32)).unnest_list(), Int32);
-    /// assert_eq!(List(Box::new(List(Box::new(Int32)))).unnest_list(), Int32);
+    /// assert_eq!(List(Box::new(Int32)).unnest_list(), &Int32);
+    /// assert_eq!(List(Box::new(List(Box::new(Int32)))).unnest_list(), &Int32);
     /// ```
-    pub fn unnest_list(&self) -> Self {
+    pub fn unnest_list(&self) -> &Self {
         match self {
             DataType::List(inner) => inner.unnest_list(),
-            _ => self.clone(),
+            _ => self,
         }
     }
 
@@ -738,6 +738,18 @@ impl TryFrom<ScalarImpl> for String {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<&[u8]> for ScalarImpl {
+    fn from(s: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        Self::Bytea(s.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<JsonbRef<'_>> for ScalarImpl {
+    fn from(jsonb: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Self {
+        Self::Jsonb(jsonb.to_owned_scalar())
+    }
+}
+
 impl ScalarImpl {
     pub fn from_binary(bytes: &Bytes, data_type: &DataType) -> RwResult<Self> {
         let res = match data_type {
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/num256.rs b/src/common/src/types/num256.rs
index 2882ce123c729..42df630509d08 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/num256.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/num256.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::types::{to_text, Buf, DataType, Scalar, ScalarRef, F64};
 
 /// A 256-bit signed integer.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Hash)]
-pub struct Int256(Box<i256>);
+pub struct Int256(pub(crate) Box<i256>);
 
 /// A reference to an `Int256` value.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs b/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
index 6eca12ca93df0..86ed158c2e206 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
@@ -84,11 +84,14 @@ impl Epoch {
         UNIX_RISINGWAVE_DATE_SEC * 1000 + self.physical_time()
     }
 
+    /// Returns the epoch in a Timestamptz.
+    pub fn as_timestamptz(&self) -> Timestamptz {
+        Timestamptz::from_millis(self.as_unix_millis() as i64).expect("epoch is out of range")
+    }
+
     /// Returns the epoch in a Timestamptz scalar.
     pub fn as_scalar(&self) -> ScalarImpl {
-        Timestamptz::from_millis(self.as_unix_millis() as i64)
-            .expect("epoch is out of range")
-            .into()
+        self.as_timestamptz().into()
     }
 
     /// Returns the epoch in real system time.
diff --git a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs b/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
index f3bac5eac107d..6b6e7c9e41657 100644
--- a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build as build_agg, AggArgs, AggCall};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::{build as build_agg, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::agg_func_sigs;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::func::func_sigs;
@@ -88,20 +88,42 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
             .into_ref(),
             // 16: extract field for date
             Utf8Array::from_iter_display(
-                ["DAY", "MONTH", "YEAR", "DOW", "DOY"]
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .cycle()
-                    .take(CHUNK_SIZE)
-                    .map(Some),
+                [
+                    "DAY",
+                    "MONTH",
+                    "YEAR",
+                    "DOW",
+                    "DOY",
+                    "MILLENNIUM",
+                    "CENTURY",
+                    "DECADE",
+                    "ISOYEAR",
+                    "QUARTER",
+                    "WEEK",
+                    "ISODOW",
+                    "EPOCH",
+                    "JULIAN",
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .cycle()
+                .take(CHUNK_SIZE)
+                .map(Some),
             )
             .into_ref(),
             // 17: extract field for time
             Utf8Array::from_iter_display(
-                ["HOUR", "MINUTE", "SECOND"]
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .cycle()
-                    .take(CHUNK_SIZE)
-                    .map(Some),
+                [
+                    "Hour",
+                    "Minute",
+                    "Second",
+                    "Millisecond",
+                    "Microsecond",
+                    "Epoch",
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .cycle()
+                .take(CHUNK_SIZE)
+                .map(Some),
             )
             .into_ref(),
             // 18: extract field for timestamptz
@@ -151,6 +173,38 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 (1..=CHUNK_SIZE).map(|i| JsonbVal::from(serde_json::Value::Number(i.into()))),
             )
             .into_ref(),
+            // 27: int256 array
+            Int256Array::from_iter((1..=CHUNK_SIZE).map(|_| Int256::from(1))).into_ref(),
+            // 28: extract field for interval
+            Utf8Array::from_iter_display(
+                [
+                    "Millennium",
+                    "Century",
+                    "Decade",
+                    "Year",
+                    "Month",
+                    "Day",
+                    "Hour",
+                    "Minute",
+                    "Second",
+                    "Millisecond",
+                    "Microsecond",
+                    "Epoch",
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .cycle()
+                .take(CHUNK_SIZE)
+                .map(Some),
+            )
+            .into_ref(),
+            // 29: timestamp string for to_timestamp
+            Utf8Array::from_iter_display(
+                [Some("2021/04/01 00:00:00")]
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .cycle()
+                    .take(CHUNK_SIZE),
+            )
+            .into_ref(),
         ],
         CHUNK_SIZE,
     ));
@@ -171,6 +225,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
         InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Varchar, 12),
         InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Bytea, 13),
         InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Jsonb, 26),
+        InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int256, 27),
     ];
     let input_index_for_type = |ty: DataType| {
         inputrefs
@@ -185,6 +240,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
     const EXTRACT_FIELD_TIME: usize = 17;
     const EXTRACT_FIELD_TIMESTAMP: usize = 16;
     const EXTRACT_FIELD_TIMESTAMPTZ: usize = 18;
+    const EXTRACT_FIELD_INTERVAL: usize = 28;
     const BOOL_STRING: usize = 19;
     const NUMBER_STRING: usize = 12;
     const DATE_STRING: usize = 20;
@@ -192,6 +248,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
     const TIMESTAMP_STRING: usize = 22;
     const TIMESTAMPTZ_STRING: usize = 23;
     const INTERVAL_STRING: usize = 24;
+    const TIMESTAMP_FORMATTED_STRING: usize = 29;
 
     c.bench_function("inputref", |bencher| {
         let inputref = inputrefs[0].clone().boxed();
@@ -218,28 +275,44 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let sigs = func_sigs();
     let sigs = sigs.sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
     'sig: for sig in sigs {
-        if sig
-            .inputs_type
-            .iter()
+        if (sig.inputs_type.iter())
+            .chain(&[sig.ret_type])
             .any(|t| matches!(t, DataTypeName::Struct | DataTypeName::List))
         {
             // TODO: support struct and list
             println!("todo: {sig:?}");
             continue;
         }
+        if [
+            "date_trunc(varchar, timestamptz) -> timestamptz",
+            "to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz",
+            "to_char(timestamptz, varchar) -> varchar",
+        ]
+        .contains(&format!("{sig:?}").as_str())
+        {
+            println!("ignore: {sig:?}");
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        fn string_literal(s: &str) -> BoxedExpression {
+            LiteralExpression::new(DataType::Varchar, Some(s.into())).boxed()
+        }
 
         let mut children = vec![];
         for (i, t) in sig.inputs_type.iter().enumerate() {
             use DataTypeName::*;
             let idx = match (sig.func, i) {
-                (PbType::ToChar, 1) => {
-                    children.push(
-                        LiteralExpression::new(
-                            DataType::Varchar,
-                            Some("YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS".into()),
-                        )
-                        .boxed(),
-                    );
+                (PbType::ToTimestamp1, 0) => TIMESTAMP_FORMATTED_STRING,
+                (PbType::ToChar | PbType::ToTimestamp1, 1) => {
+                    children.push(string_literal("YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS"));
+                    continue;
+                }
+                (PbType::ToChar | PbType::ToTimestamp1, 2) => {
+                    children.push(string_literal("Australia/Sydney"));
+                    continue;
+                }
+                (PbType::IsJson, 1) => {
+                    children.push(string_literal("VALUE"));
                     continue;
                 }
                 (PbType::Cast, 0) if *t == DataTypeName::Varchar => match sig.ret_type {
@@ -264,6 +337,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
                     Time => EXTRACT_FIELD_TIME,
                     Timestamp => EXTRACT_FIELD_TIMESTAMP,
                     Timestamptz => EXTRACT_FIELD_TIMESTAMPTZ,
+                    Interval => EXTRACT_FIELD_INTERVAL,
                     t => panic!("unexpected type: {t:?}"),
                 },
                 _ => input_index_for_type((*t).into()),
@@ -276,17 +350,27 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
         });
     }
 
-    for sig in agg_func_sigs() {
-        if sig.inputs_type.len() != 1 {
+    let sigs = agg_func_sigs();
+    let sigs = sigs.sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
+    for sig in sigs {
+        if matches!(sig.func, AggKind::PercentileDisc | AggKind::PercentileCont)
+            || (sig.inputs_type.iter())
+                .chain(&[sig.ret_type])
+                .any(|t| matches!(t, DataTypeName::Struct | DataTypeName::List))
+        {
             println!("todo: {sig:?}");
             continue;
         }
         let agg = match build_agg(&AggCall {
             kind: sig.func,
-            args: AggArgs::Unary(
-                sig.inputs_type[0].into(),
-                input_index_for_type(sig.inputs_type[0].into()),
-            ),
+            args: match sig.inputs_type {
+                [] => AggArgs::None,
+                [t] => AggArgs::Unary((*t).into(), input_index_for_type((*t).into())),
+                _ => {
+                    println!("todo: {sig:?}");
+                    continue;
+                }
+            },
             return_type: sig.ret_type.into(),
             column_orders: vec![],
             filter: None,
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 4106f0f9cda4d..9dcde3c6ffdc2 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 //! Generate code for the functions.
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use proc_macro2::Span;
+use proc_macro2::{Ident, Span};
 use quote::{format_ident, quote};
 
 use super::*;
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         attrs
     }
 
-    /// Generate a descriptor of the function.
+    /// Generate a descriptor of the scalar or table function.
     ///
     /// The types of arguments and return value should not contain wildcard.
-    pub fn generate_descriptor(
+    pub fn generate_function_descriptor(
         &self,
         user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr,
         build_fn: bool,
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
             quote! { #name }
         } else {
-            self.generate_build_fn(user_fn)?
+            self.generate_build_scalar_function(user_fn, true)?
         };
         let deprecated = self.deprecated;
         Ok(quote! {
@@ -90,191 +90,330 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         })
     }
 
-    fn generate_build_fn(&self, user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
+    /// Generate a build function for the scalar function.
+    ///
+    /// If `optimize_const` is true, the function will be optimized for constant arguments,
+    /// and fallback to the general version if any argument is not constant.
+    fn generate_build_scalar_function(
+        &self,
+        user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr,
+        optimize_const: bool,
+    ) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
         let num_args = self.args.len();
         let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
-        let arg_arrays = self
-            .args
-            .iter()
-            .map(|t| format_ident!("{}", types::array_type(t)));
-        let ret_array = format_ident!("{}", types::array_type(&self.ret));
-        let arg_types = self
-            .args
+        let struct_name = match optimize_const {
+            true => format_ident!("{}OptimizeConst", utils::to_camel_case(&self.ident_name())),
+            false => format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&self.ident_name())),
+        };
+
+        // we divide all arguments into two groups: prebuilt and non-prebuilt.
+        // prebuilt arguments are collected from the "prebuild" field.
+        // let's say we have a function with 3 arguments: [0, 1, 2]
+        // and the prebuild field contains "$1".
+        // then we have:
+        //     prebuilt_indices = [1]
+        //     non_prebuilt_indices = [0, 2]
+        //
+        // if the const argument optimization is enabled, prebuilt arguments are
+        // evaluated at build time, thus the children only contain non-prebuilt arguments:
+        //     children_indices = [0, 2]
+        // otherwise, the children contain all arguments:
+        //     children_indices = [0, 1, 2]
+
+        let prebuilt_indices = match &self.prebuild {
+            Some(s) => (0..num_args)
+                .filter(|i| s.contains(&format!("${i}")))
+                .collect_vec(),
+            None => vec![],
+        };
+        let non_prebuilt_indices = match &self.prebuild {
+            Some(s) => (0..num_args)
+                .filter(|i| !s.contains(&format!("${i}")))
+                .collect_vec(),
+            _ => (0..num_args).collect_vec(),
+        };
+        let children_indices = match optimize_const {
+            #[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)] // false-positive
+            true => non_prebuilt_indices.clone(),
+            false => (0..num_args).collect_vec(),
+        };
+
+        /// Return a list of identifiers with the given prefix and indices.
+        fn idents(prefix: &str, indices: &[usize]) -> Vec<Ident> {
+            indices
+                .iter()
+                .map(|i| format_ident!("{prefix}{i}"))
+                .collect()
+        }
+        let inputs = idents("i", &children_indices);
+        let prebuilt_inputs = idents("i", &prebuilt_indices);
+        let non_prebuilt_inputs = idents("i", &non_prebuilt_indices);
+        let all_child = idents("child", &(0..num_args).collect_vec());
+        let child = idents("child", &children_indices);
+        let array_refs = idents("array", &children_indices);
+        let arrays = idents("a", &children_indices);
+        let datums = idents("v", &children_indices);
+        let arg_arrays = children_indices
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| types::ref_type(t).parse::<TokenStream2>().unwrap());
-        let ret_type = types::ref_type(&self.ret).parse::<TokenStream2>().unwrap();
-        let exprs = (0..num_args)
-            .map(|i| format_ident!("e{i}"))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        #[expect(
-            clippy::redundant_clone,
-            reason = "false positive https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/10545"
-        )]
-        let exprs0 = exprs.clone();
-
-        let build_expr = if self.ret == "varchar" && user_fn.is_writer_style() {
-            let template_struct = match num_args {
-                1 => format_ident!("UnaryBytesExpression"),
-                2 => format_ident!("BinaryBytesExpression"),
-                3 => format_ident!("TernaryBytesExpression"),
-                4 => format_ident!("QuaternaryBytesExpression"),
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(Span::call_site(), "unsupported arguments")),
-            };
-            let args = (0..=num_args).map(|i| format_ident!("x{i}"));
-            let args1 = args.clone();
-            let func = match user_fn.return_type {
-                ReturnType::T => quote! { Ok(#fn_name(#(#args1),*)) },
-                ReturnType::Result => quote! { #fn_name(#(#args1),*) },
-                _ => todo!("returning Option is not supported yet"),
-            };
-            quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template::#template_struct::<#(#arg_arrays),*, _>::new(
-                    #(#exprs),*,
-                    return_type,
-                    |#(#args),*| #func,
-                )))
-            }
-        } else if self.args.iter().all(|t| t == "boolean")
-            && self.ret == "boolean"
-            && !user_fn.return_type.contains_result()
-            && self.batch_fn.is_some()
-        {
-            let template_struct = match num_args {
-                1 => format_ident!("BooleanUnaryExpression"),
-                2 => format_ident!("BooleanBinaryExpression"),
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(Span::call_site(), "unsupported arguments")),
-            };
-            let batch_fn = format_ident!("{}", self.batch_fn.as_ref().unwrap());
-            let args = (0..num_args).map(|i| format_ident!("x{i}"));
-            let args1 = args.clone();
-            let func = if user_fn.arg_option && user_fn.return_type == ReturnType::Option {
-                quote! { #fn_name(#(#args1),*) }
-            } else if user_fn.arg_option {
-                quote! { Some(#fn_name(#(#args1),*)) }
-            } else {
-                let args2 = args.clone();
-                let args3 = args.clone();
-                quote! {
-                    match (#(#args1),*) {
-                        (#(Some(#args2)),*) => Some(#fn_name(#(#args3),*)),
-                        _ => None,
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template_fast::#template_struct::new(
-                    #(#exprs,)*
-                    #batch_fn,
-                    |#(#args),*| #func,
-                )))
-            }
-        } else if self.args.len() == 2 && self.ret == "boolean" && user_fn.is_pure() {
+            .map(|i| format_ident!("{}", types::array_type(&self.args[*i])));
+        let arg_types = children_indices.iter().map(|i| {
+            types::ref_type(&self.args[*i])
+                .parse::<TokenStream2>()
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+        let annotation: TokenStream2 = match user_fn.core_return_type.as_str() {
+            // add type annotation for functions that return generic types
+            "T" | "T1" | "T2" | "T3" => format!(": Option<{}>", types::owned_type(&self.ret))
+                .parse()
+                .unwrap(),
+            _ => quote! {},
+        };
+        let ret_array_type = format_ident!("{}", types::array_type(&self.ret));
+        let builder_type = format_ident!("{}Builder", types::array_type(&self.ret));
+        let prebuilt_arg_type = match &self.prebuild {
+            Some(s) if optimize_const => s.split("::").next().unwrap().parse().unwrap(),
+            _ => quote! { () },
+        };
+        let prebuilt_arg_value = match &self.prebuild {
+            // example:
+            // prebuild = "RegexContext::new($1)"
+            // return = "RegexContext::new(i1)"
+            Some(s) => s
+                .replace('$', "i")
+                .parse()
+                .expect("invalid prebuild syntax"),
+            None => quote! { () },
+        };
+        let prebuild_const = if self.prebuild.is_some() && optimize_const {
+            let build_general = self.generate_build_scalar_function(user_fn, false)?;
+            quote! {{
+                let build_general = #build_general;
+                #(
+                    // try to evaluate constant for prebuilt arguments
+                    let #prebuilt_inputs = match children[#prebuilt_indices].eval_const() {
+                        Ok(s) => s,
+                        // prebuilt argument is not constant, fallback to general
+                        Err(_) => return build_general(return_type, children),
+                    };
+                    // get reference to the constant value
+                    let #prebuilt_inputs = match &#prebuilt_inputs {
+                        Some(s) => s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into()?,
+                        // the function should always return null if any const argument is null
+                        None => return Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::LiteralExpression::new(
+                            return_type,
+                            None,
+                        ))),
+                    };
+                )*
+                #prebuilt_arg_value
+            }}
+        } else {
+            quote! { () }
+        };
+        let generic = if self.ret == "boolean" && user_fn.generic == 3 {
+            // XXX: for generic compare functions, we need to specify the compatible type
             let compatible_type = types::ref_type(types::min_compatible_type(&self.args))
                 .parse::<TokenStream2>()
                 .unwrap();
-            let args = (0..num_args).map(|i| format_ident!("x{i}"));
-            let args1 = args.clone();
-            let generic = if user_fn.generic == 3 {
-                // XXX: for generic compare functions, we need to specify the compatible type
-                quote! { ::<_, _, #compatible_type> }
-            } else {
-                quote! {}
-            };
-            quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template_fast::CompareExpression::<_, #(#arg_arrays),*>::new(
-                    #(#exprs,)*
-                    |#(#args),*| #fn_name #generic(#(#args1),*),
-                )))
-            }
-        } else if self.args.iter().all(|t| types::is_primitive(t)) && user_fn.is_pure() {
-            let template_struct = match num_args {
-                0 => format_ident!("NullaryExpression"),
-                1 => format_ident!("UnaryExpression"),
-                2 => format_ident!("BinaryExpression"),
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(Span::call_site(), "unsupported arguments")),
+            quote! { ::<_, _, #compatible_type> }
+        } else {
+            quote! {}
+        };
+        let prebuilt_arg = match (&self.prebuild, optimize_const) {
+            // use the prebuilt argument
+            (Some(_), true) => quote! { &self.prebuilt_arg, },
+            // build the argument on site
+            (Some(_), false) => quote! { &#prebuilt_arg_value, },
+            // no prebuilt argument
+            (None, _) => quote! {},
+        };
+        let context = match user_fn.context {
+            true => quote! { &self.context, },
+            false => quote! {},
+        };
+        let writer = match user_fn.write {
+            true => quote! { &mut writer, },
+            false => quote! {},
+        };
+        // call the user defined function
+        // inputs: [ Option<impl ScalarRef> ]
+        let mut output =
+            quote! { #fn_name #generic(#(#non_prebuilt_inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg #context #writer) };
+        output = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
+            ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { Some(#output) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Option => output,
+            ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { Some(#output?) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption => quote! { #output? },
+        };
+        // if user function accepts non-option arguments, we assume the function
+        // returns null on null input, so we need to unwrap the inputs before calling.
+        if !user_fn.arg_option {
+            output = quote! {
+                match (#(#inputs,)*) {
+                    (#(Some(#inputs),)*) => #output,
+                    _ => None,
+                }
             };
+        };
+        // output: Option<impl ScalarRef or Scalar>
+        let append_output = match user_fn.write {
+            true => quote! {{
+                let mut writer = builder.writer().begin();
+                if #output.is_some() {
+                    writer.finish();
+                } else {
+                    drop(writer);
+                    builder.append_null();
+                }
+            }},
+            false if user_fn.core_return_type == "impl AsRef < [u8] >" => quote! {
+                builder.append(#output.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_ref()));
+            },
+            false => quote! {
+                let output #annotation = #output;
+                builder.append(output.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref()));
+            },
+        };
+        // the output expression in `eval_row`
+        let row_output = match user_fn.write {
+            true => quote! {{
+                let mut writer = String::new();
+                #output.map(|_| writer.into())
+            }},
+            false if user_fn.core_return_type == "impl AsRef < [u8] >" => quote! {
+                #output.map(|s| s.as_ref().into())
+            },
+            false => quote! {{
+                let output #annotation = #output;
+                output.map(|s| s.into())
+            }},
+        };
+        // the main body in `eval`
+        let eval = if let Some(batch_fn) = &self.batch_fn {
+            // user defined batch function
+            let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", batch_fn);
             quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template_fast::#template_struct::<_, #(#arg_types,)* #ret_type>::new(
-                    #(#exprs,)*
-                    return_type,
-                    #fn_name,
-                )))
+                let c = #fn_name(#(#arrays),*);
+                Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
             }
-        } else if user_fn.arg_option || user_fn.return_type.contains_option() {
-            let template_struct = match num_args {
-                1 => format_ident!("UnaryNullableExpression"),
-                2 => format_ident!("BinaryNullableExpression"),
-                3 => format_ident!("TernaryNullableExpression"),
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(Span::call_site(), "unsupported arguments")),
-            };
-            let args = (0..num_args).map(|i| format_ident!("x{i}"));
-            let args1 = args.clone();
-            let generic = if user_fn.generic == 3 {
-                // XXX: for generic compare functions, we need to specify the compatible type
-                let compatible_type = types::ref_type(types::min_compatible_type(&self.args))
-                    .parse::<TokenStream2>()
-                    .unwrap();
-                quote! { ::<_, _, #compatible_type> }
-            } else {
-                quote! {}
-            };
-            let mut func = quote! { #fn_name #generic(#(#args1),*) };
-            func = match user_fn.return_type {
-                ReturnType::T => quote! { Ok(Some(#func)) },
-                ReturnType::Option => quote! { Ok(#func) },
-                ReturnType::Result => quote! { #func.map(Some) },
-                ReturnType::ResultOption => quote! { #func },
-            };
-            if !user_fn.arg_option {
-                let args2 = args.clone();
-                let args3 = args.clone();
-                func = quote! {
-                    match (#(#args2),*) {
-                        (#(Some(#args3)),*) => #func,
-                        _ => Ok(None),
-                    }
-                };
-            };
-            quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template::#template_struct::<#(#arg_arrays,)* #ret_array, _>::new(
-                    #(#exprs,)*
-                    return_type,
-                    |#(#args),*| #func,
-                )))
+        } else if (types::is_primitive(&self.ret) || self.ret == "boolean") && user_fn.is_pure() {
+            // SIMD optimization for primitive types
+            match self.args.len() {
+                0 => quote! {
+                    let c = #ret_array_type::from_iter_bitmap(
+                        std::iter::repeat_with(|| #fn_name()).take(input.capacity())
+                        Bitmap::ones(input.capacity()),
+                    );
+                    Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
+                },
+                1 => quote! {
+                    let c = #ret_array_type::from_iter_bitmap(
+                        a0.raw_iter().map(|a| #fn_name(a)),
+                        a0.null_bitmap().clone()
+                    );
+                    Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
+                },
+                2 => quote! {
+                    // allow using `zip` for performance
+                    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+                    let c = #ret_array_type::from_iter_bitmap(
+                        a0.raw_iter()
+                            .zip(a1.raw_iter())
+                            .map(|(a, b)| #fn_name #generic(a, b)),
+                        a0.null_bitmap() & a1.null_bitmap(),
+                    );
+                    Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
+                },
+                n => todo!("SIMD optimization for {n} arguments"),
             }
         } else {
-            let template_struct = match num_args {
-                0 => format_ident!("NullaryExpression"),
-                1 => format_ident!("UnaryExpression"),
-                2 => format_ident!("BinaryExpression"),
-                3 => format_ident!("TernaryExpression"),
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(Span::call_site(), "unsupported arguments")),
-            };
-            let args = (0..num_args).map(|i| format_ident!("x{i}"));
-            let args1 = args.clone();
-            let func = match user_fn.return_type {
-                ReturnType::T => quote! { Ok(#fn_name(#(#args1),*)) },
-                ReturnType::Result => quote! { #fn_name(#(#args1),*) },
-                _ => panic!("return type should not contain Option"),
+            // no optimization
+            let array_zip = match num_args {
+                0 => quote! { std::iter::repeat(()).take(input.capacity()) },
+                _ => quote! { multizip((#(#arrays.iter(),)*)) },
             };
             quote! {
-                Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::template::#template_struct::<#(#arg_arrays,)* #ret_array, _>::new(
-                    #(#exprs,)*
-                    return_type,
-                    |#(#args),*| #func,
-                )))
+                let mut builder = #builder_type::with_type(input.capacity(), self.context.return_type.clone());
+
+                match input.vis() {
+                    Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
+                        // allow using `zip` for performance
+                        #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+                        for ((#(#inputs,)*), visible) in #array_zip.zip(vis.iter()) {
+                            if !visible {
+                                builder.append_null();
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            #append_output
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Vis::Compact(_) => {
+                        for (#(#inputs,)*) in #array_zip {
+                            #append_output
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(Arc::new(builder.finish().into()))
             }
         };
+
         Ok(quote! {
-            |return_type, children| {
+            |return_type: DataType, children: Vec<crate::expr::BoxedExpression>|
+                -> crate::Result<crate::expr::BoxedExpression>
+            {
+                use std::sync::Arc;
                 use risingwave_common::array::*;
                 use risingwave_common::types::*;
+                use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+                use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+                use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
+                use itertools::multizip;
+
+                use crate::expr::{Context, BoxedExpression};
+                use crate::Result;
 
                 crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
+                let prebuilt_arg = #prebuild_const;
+                let context = Context {
+                    return_type,
+                    arg_types: children.iter().map(|c| c.return_type()).collect(),
+                };
                 let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-                #(let #exprs0 = iter.next().unwrap();)*
+                #(let #all_child = iter.next().unwrap();)*
+
+                #[derive(Debug)]
+                struct #struct_name {
+                    context: Context,
+                    #(#child: BoxedExpression,)*
+                    prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
+                }
+                #[async_trait::async_trait]
+                impl crate::expr::Expression for #struct_name {
+                    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+                        self.context.return_type.clone()
+                    }
+                    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
+                        // evaluate children and downcast arrays
+                        #(
+                            let #array_refs = self.#child.eval_checked(input).await?;
+                            let #arrays: &#arg_arrays = #array_refs.as_ref().into();
+                        )*
+                        #eval
+                    }
+                    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
+                        #(
+                            let #datums = self.#child.eval_row(input).await?;
+                            let #inputs: Option<#arg_types> = #datums.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
+                        )*
+                        Ok(#row_output)
+                    }
+                }
 
-                #build_expr
+                Ok(Box::new(#struct_name {
+                    context,
+                    #(#child,)*
+                    prebuilt_arg,
+                }))
             }
         })
     }
@@ -282,7 +421,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
     /// Generate a descriptor of the aggregate function.
     ///
     /// The types of arguments and return value should not contain wildcard.
-    pub fn generate_agg_descriptor(
+    pub fn generate_aggregate_descriptor(
         &self,
         user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr,
         build_fn: bool,
@@ -379,11 +518,11 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             }
         };
         let mut next_state = quote! { #fn_name(state, #args #retract) };
-        next_state = match user_fn.return_type {
-            ReturnType::T => quote! { Some(#next_state) },
-            ReturnType::Option => next_state,
-            ReturnType::Result => quote! { Some(#next_state?) },
-            ReturnType::ResultOption => quote! { #next_state? },
+        next_state = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
+            ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { Some(#next_state) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Option => next_state,
+            ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { Some(#next_state?) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption => quote! { #next_state? },
         };
         if !user_fn.arg_option {
             match self.args.len() {
@@ -563,7 +702,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         let num_args = self.args.len();
         let return_types = output_types(&self.ret);
         let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
-        let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
+        let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&self.ident_name()));
         let arg_ids = (0..num_args)
             .filter(|i| match &self.prebuild {
                 Some(s) => !s.contains(&format!("${i}")),
@@ -613,38 +752,38 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 ).into_ref();
             }
         };
-        let const_arg = match &self.prebuild {
-            Some(_) => quote! { &self.const_arg },
+        let prebuilt_arg = match &self.prebuild {
+            Some(_) => quote! { &self.prebuilt_arg },
             None => quote! {},
         };
-        let const_arg_type = match &self.prebuild {
+        let prebuilt_arg_type = match &self.prebuild {
             Some(s) => s.split("::").next().unwrap().parse().unwrap(),
             None => quote! { () },
         };
-        let const_arg_value = match &self.prebuild {
+        let prebuilt_arg_value = match &self.prebuild {
             Some(s) => s
                 .replace('$', "child")
                 .parse()
                 .expect("invalid prebuild syntax"),
             None => quote! { () },
         };
-        let iter = match user_fn.return_type {
-            ReturnType::T => quote! { iter },
-            ReturnType::Option => quote! { iter.flatten() },
-            ReturnType::Result => quote! { iter? },
-            ReturnType::ResultOption => quote! { value?.flatten() },
+        let iter = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
+            ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { iter },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Option => quote! { iter.flatten() },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { iter? },
+            ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption => quote! { value?.flatten() },
         };
-        let iterator_item_type = user_fn.iterator_item_type.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
+        let iterator_item_type = user_fn.iterator_item_kind.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
             Error::new(
                 user_fn.return_type_span,
                 "expect `impl Iterator` in return type",
             )
         })?;
         let output = match iterator_item_type {
-            ReturnType::T => quote! { Some(output) },
-            ReturnType::Option => quote! { output },
-            ReturnType::Result => quote! { Some(output?) },
-            ReturnType::ResultOption => quote! { output? },
+            ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { Some(output) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Option => quote! { output },
+            ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { Some(output?) },
+            ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption => quote! { output? },
         };
 
         Ok(quote! {
@@ -658,15 +797,21 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
                 let mut iter = children.into_iter();
                 #(let #all_child = iter.next().unwrap();)*
-                #(let #const_child = #const_child.eval_const()?;)*
+                #(
+                    let #const_child = #const_child.eval_const()?;
+                    let #const_child = match &#const_child {
+                        Some(s) => s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into()?,
+                        // the function should always return empty if any const argument is null
+                        None => return Ok(crate::table_function::empty(return_type)),
+                    };
+                )*
 
                 #[derive(Debug)]
-                #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                 struct #struct_name {
                     return_type: DataType,
                     chunk_size: usize,
                     #(#child: BoxedExpression,)*
-                    const_arg: #const_arg_type,
+                    prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
                 impl crate::table_function::TableFunction for #struct_name {
@@ -690,7 +835,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 
                         for (i, (row, visible)) in multizip((#(#arrays.iter(),)*)).zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()).enumerate() {
                             if let (#(Some(#inputs),)*) = row && visible {
-                                let iter = #fn_name(#(#inputs,)* #const_arg);
+                                let iter = #fn_name(#(#inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg);
                                 for output in #iter {
                                     index_builder.append(Some(i as i32));
                                     match #output {
@@ -722,7 +867,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     return_type,
                     chunk_size,
                     #(#child,)*
-                    const_arg: #const_arg_value,
+                    prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_value,
                 }))
             }
         })
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index aa514c134d750..0f490b6f18802 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ mod utils;
 ///     - [Optimization](#optimization)
 ///     - [Functions Returning Strings](#functions-returning-strings)
 ///     - [Preprocessing Constant Arguments](#preprocessing-constant-arguments)
+///     - [Context](#context)
 /// - [Table Function](#table-function)
 /// - [Registration and Invocation](#registration-and-invocation)
 /// - [Appendix: Type Matrix](#appendix-type-matrix)
@@ -196,6 +197,8 @@ mod utils;
 /// matrix]) and do not contain any Option or Result, the `#[function]` macro will automatically
 /// generate SIMD vectorized execution code.
 ///
+/// Therefore, try to avoid returning `Option` and `Result` whenever possible.
+///
 /// ## Functions Returning Strings
 ///
 /// For functions that return varchar types, you can also use the writer style function signature to
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// ```ignore
 /// #[function("trim(varchar) -> varchar")]
-/// pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+/// fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 ///     writer.write_str(s.trim()).unwrap();
 /// }
 /// ```
@@ -212,12 +215,26 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// ```ignore
 /// #[function("trim(varchar) -> varchar")]
-/// pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+/// fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
 ///     writer.write_str(s.trim()).unwrap();
 ///     Ok(())
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// If null values may be returned, then the return value should be `Option<()>`:
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[function("trim(varchar) -> varchar")]
+/// fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Option<()> {
+///     if s.is_empty() {
+///         None
+///     } else {
+///         writer.write_str(s.trim()).unwrap();
+///         Some(())
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
 /// ## Preprocessing Constant Arguments
 ///
 /// When some input arguments of the function are constants, they can be preprocessed to avoid
@@ -237,12 +254,28 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// The `prebuild` argument can be specified, and its value is a Rust expression used to construct a
 /// new variable from the input arguments of the function. Here `$1`, `$2` represent the second and
-/// third arguments of the function (indexed from 0), and their types are `Datum`. In the Rust
+/// third arguments of the function (indexed from 0), and their types are `&str`. In the Rust
 /// function signature, these positions of parameters will be omitted, replaced by an extra new
 /// variable at the end.
 ///
-/// TODO: This macro will support both variable and constant inputs, and automatically optimize the
-/// preprocessing of constants. Currently, it only supports constant inputs.
+/// This macro generates two versions of the function. If all the input parameters that `prebuild`
+/// depends on are constants, it will precompute them during the build function. Otherwise, it will
+/// compute them for each input row during evaluation. This way, we support both constant and variable
+/// inputs while optimizing performance for constant inputs.
+///
+/// ## Context
+///
+/// If a function needs to obtain type information at runtime, you can add an `&Context` parameter to
+/// the function signature. For example:
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[function("foo(int32) -> int64")]
+/// fn foo(a: i32, ctx: &Context) -> i64 {
+///    assert_eq!(ctx.arg_types[0], DataType::Int32);
+///    assert_eq!(ctx.return_type, DataType::Int64);
+///    // ...
+/// }
+/// ```
 ///
 /// # Table Function
 ///
@@ -338,7 +371,7 @@ pub fn function(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
-            tokens.extend(attr.generate_descriptor(&user_fn, false)?);
+            tokens.extend(attr.generate_function_descriptor(&user_fn, false)?);
         }
         Ok(tokens)
     }
@@ -356,7 +389,7 @@ pub fn build_function(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
-            tokens.extend(attr.generate_descriptor(&user_fn, true)?);
+            tokens.extend(attr.generate_function_descriptor(&user_fn, true)?);
         }
         Ok(tokens)
     }
@@ -374,7 +407,7 @@ pub fn aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
-            tokens.extend(attr.generate_agg_descriptor(&user_fn, false)?);
+            tokens.extend(attr.generate_aggregate_descriptor(&user_fn, false)?);
         }
         Ok(tokens)
     }
@@ -392,7 +425,7 @@ pub fn build_aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
-            tokens.extend(attr.generate_agg_descriptor(&user_fn, true)?);
+            tokens.extend(attr.generate_aggregate_descriptor(&user_fn, true)?);
         }
         Ok(tokens)
     }
@@ -416,48 +449,39 @@ struct FunctionAttr {
     deprecated: bool,
 }
 
+/// Attributes from function signature `fn(..)`
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct UserFunctionAttr {
     /// Function name
     name: String,
+    /// Whether contains argument `&Context`.
+    context: bool,
     /// The last argument type is `&mut dyn Write`.
     write: bool,
     /// The last argument type is `retract: bool`.
     retract: bool,
     /// The argument type are `Option`s.
     arg_option: bool,
-    /// The return type.
-    return_type: ReturnType,
-    /// The inner type `T` in `impl Iterator<Item = T>`
-    iterator_item_type: Option<ReturnType>,
+    /// The return type kind.
+    return_type_kind: ReturnTypeKind,
+    /// The kind of inner type `T` in `impl Iterator<Item = T>`
+    iterator_item_kind: Option<ReturnTypeKind>,
+    /// The core return type without `Option` or `Result`.
+    core_return_type: String,
     /// The number of generic types.
     generic: usize,
     /// The span of return type.
     return_type_span: proc_macro2::Span,
-    // /// `#[list(0)]` in arguments.
-    // list: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
-    // /// `#[struct(0)]` in arguments.
-    // struct_: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-enum ReturnType {
+enum ReturnTypeKind {
     T,
     Option,
     Result,
     ResultOption,
 }
 
-impl ReturnType {
-    fn contains_result(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, ReturnType::Result | ReturnType::ResultOption)
-    }
-
-    fn contains_option(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, ReturnType::Option | ReturnType::ResultOption)
-    }
-}
-
 impl FunctionAttr {
     /// Return a unique name that can be used as an identifier.
     fn ident_name(&self) -> String {
@@ -469,11 +493,11 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 }
 
 impl UserFunctionAttr {
-    fn is_writer_style(&self) -> bool {
-        self.write && !self.arg_option
-    }
-
+    /// Returns true if the function is like `fn(T1, T2, .., Tn) -> T`.
     fn is_pure(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.write && !self.arg_option && self.return_type == ReturnType::T
+        !self.write
+            && !self.context
+            && !self.arg_option
+            && self.return_type_kind == ReturnTypeKind::T
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
index 066705f410601..e45ec20d174fe 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 //! Parse the tokens of the macro.
 
+use quote::ToTokens;
 use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream};
 use syn::spanned::Spanned;
 use syn::{LitStr, Token};
@@ -90,42 +91,69 @@ impl Parse for UserFunctionAttr {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
         let itemfn: syn::ItemFn = input.parse()?;
         let sig = &itemfn.sig;
-        let (return_type, iterator_item_type) = match &sig.output {
-            syn::ReturnType::Default => (ReturnType::T, None),
+        let (return_type_kind, iterator_item_kind, core_return_type) = match &sig.output {
+            syn::ReturnType::Default => (ReturnTypeKind::T, None, "()".into()),
             syn::ReturnType::Type(_, ty) => {
-                let (return_type, inner) = check_type(ty);
-                let iterator_item_type = strip_iterator(inner).map(|ty| check_type(ty).0);
-                (return_type, iterator_item_type)
+                let (kind, inner) = check_type(ty);
+                match strip_iterator(inner) {
+                    Some(ty) => {
+                        let (inner_kind, inner) = check_type(ty);
+                        (kind, Some(inner_kind), inner.to_token_stream().to_string())
+                    }
+                    None => (kind, None, inner.to_token_stream().to_string()),
+                }
             }
         };
         Ok(UserFunctionAttr {
             name: sig.ident.to_string(),
-            write: last_arg_is_write(sig),
+            write: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_write),
+            context: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_context),
             retract: last_arg_is_retract(sig),
             arg_option: args_contain_option(sig),
-            return_type,
-            iterator_item_type,
+            return_type_kind,
+            iterator_item_kind,
+            core_return_type,
             generic: sig.generics.params.len(),
             return_type_span: sig.output.span(),
         })
     }
 }
 
-/// Check if the last argument is `&mut dyn Write`.
-fn last_arg_is_write(sig: &syn::Signature) -> bool {
-    let Some(syn::FnArg::Typed(arg)) = sig.inputs.last() else {
+/// Check if the argument is `&mut impl Write`.
+fn arg_is_write(arg: &syn::FnArg) -> bool {
+    let syn::FnArg::Typed(arg) = arg else {
         return false;
     };
     let syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) = arg.ty.as_ref() else {
         return false;
     };
-    let syn::Type::TraitObject(syn::TypeTraitObject { bounds, .. }) = elem.as_ref() else {
+    let syn::Type::ImplTrait(syn::TypeImplTrait { bounds, .. }) = elem.as_ref() else {
         return false;
     };
     let Some(syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound { path, .. })) = bounds.first() else {
         return false;
     };
-    path.segments.last().map_or(false, |s| s.ident == "Write")
+    let Some(seg) = path.segments.last() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    seg.ident == "Write"
+}
+
+/// Check if the argument is `&Context`.
+fn arg_is_context(arg: &syn::FnArg) -> bool {
+    let syn::FnArg::Typed(arg) = arg else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) = arg.ty.as_ref() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let syn::Type::Path(path) = elem.as_ref() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let Some(seg) = path.path.segments.last() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    seg.ident == "Context"
 }
 
 /// Check if the last argument is `retract: bool`.
@@ -162,19 +190,19 @@ fn args_contain_option(sig: &syn::Signature) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// Check the return type.
-fn check_type(ty: &syn::Type) -> (ReturnType, &syn::Type) {
+fn check_type(ty: &syn::Type) -> (ReturnTypeKind, &syn::Type) {
     if let Some(inner) = strip_outer_type(ty, "Result") {
         if let Some(inner) = strip_outer_type(inner, "Option") {
-            (ReturnType::ResultOption, inner)
+            (ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption, inner)
         } else {
-            (ReturnType::Result, inner)
+            (ReturnTypeKind::Result, inner)
         }
     } else if let Some(inner) = strip_outer_type(ty, "Option") {
-        (ReturnType::Option, inner)
+        (ReturnTypeKind::Option, inner)
     } else if let Some(inner) = strip_outer_type(ty, "DatumRef") {
-        (ReturnType::Option, inner)
+        (ReturnTypeKind::Option, inner)
     } else {
-        (ReturnType::T, ty)
+        (ReturnTypeKind::T, ty)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
index b29ceeced2f25..b9e4e9b6ccef5 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
@@ -44,10 +44,6 @@ pub fn data_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
     // and the signature won't be accessed. So we simply return a placeholder here.
     if ty == "any" {
         return "Int32";
-    } else if ty.ends_with("[]") {
-        return "List";
-    } else if ty.starts_with("struct") {
-        return "Struct";
     }
     lookup_matrix(ty, 1)
 }
@@ -61,10 +57,6 @@ pub fn variant(ty: &str) -> &str {
 pub fn array_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
     if ty == "any" {
         return "ArrayImpl";
-    } else if ty.ends_with("[]") {
-        return "ListArray";
-    } else if ty.starts_with("struct") {
-        return "StructArray";
     }
     lookup_matrix(ty, 3)
 }
@@ -84,7 +76,12 @@ pub fn is_primitive(ty: &str) -> bool {
     lookup_matrix(ty, 6) == "y"
 }
 
-fn lookup_matrix(ty: &str, idx: usize) -> &str {
+fn lookup_matrix(mut ty: &str, idx: usize) -> &str {
+    if ty.ends_with("[]") {
+        ty = "list";
+    } else if ty.starts_with("struct") {
+        ty = "struct";
+    }
     let s = TYPE_MATRIX.trim().lines().find_map(|line| {
         let mut parts = line.split_whitespace();
         if parts.next() == Some(ty) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
index 55ec16b4fe0fe..a945481592f0c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{PbType, RexNode};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use super::expr_array_concat::ArrayConcatExpression;
 use super::expr_array_transform::ArrayTransformExpression;
 use super::expr_case::CaseExpression;
 use super::expr_coalesce::CoalesceExpression;
@@ -27,12 +26,9 @@ use super::expr_concat_ws::ConcatWsExpression;
 use super::expr_field::FieldExpression;
 use super::expr_in::InExpression;
 use super::expr_nested_construct::NestedConstructExpression;
-use super::expr_regexp::{RegexpMatchExpression, RegexpReplaceExpression};
 use super::expr_some_all::SomeAllExpression;
 use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
-use crate::expr::expr_proctime::ProcTimeExpression;
-use crate::expr::expr_regexp_count::RegexpCountExpression;
 use crate::expr::{
     BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression, TryFromExprNodeBoxed,
 };
@@ -64,17 +60,7 @@ pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
         E::Field => FieldExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Array => NestedConstructExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Row => NestedConstructExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::RegexpMatch => RegexpMatchExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::RegexpReplace => RegexpReplaceExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::RegexpCount => RegexpCountExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::ArrayCat | E::ArrayAppend | E::ArrayPrepend => {
-            // Now we implement these three functions as a single expression for the
-            // sake of simplicity. If performance matters at some time, we can split
-            // the implementation to improve performance.
-            ArrayConcatExpression::try_from_boxed(prost)
-        }
         E::Vnode => VnodeExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Proctime => ProcTimeExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
 
         _ => {
             let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_concat.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_concat.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index bc10eec07b72a..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_concat.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,547 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk, ListValue};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{
-    DataType, Datum, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, ToDatumRef, ToOwnedDatum,
-};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-enum Operation {
-    ConcatArray,
-    AppendArray,
-    PrependArray,
-    AppendValue,
-    PrependValue,
-}
-
-pub struct ArrayConcatExpression {
-    return_type: DataType,
-    left: BoxedExpression,
-    right: BoxedExpression,
-    op: Operation,
-    op_func: fn(DatumRef<'_>, DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for ArrayConcatExpression {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("ArrayConcatExpression")
-            .field("return_type", &self.return_type)
-            .field("left", &self.left)
-            .field("right", &self.right)
-            .field("op", &self.op)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl ArrayConcatExpression {
-    fn new(
-        return_type: DataType,
-        left: BoxedExpression,
-        right: BoxedExpression,
-        op: Operation,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            return_type,
-            left,
-            right,
-            op,
-            op_func: match op {
-                Operation::ConcatArray => Self::concat_array,
-                Operation::AppendArray => Self::append_array,
-                Operation::PrependArray => Self::prepend_array,
-                Operation::AppendValue => Self::append_value,
-                Operation::PrependValue => Self::prepend_value,
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Concatenates two arrays with same data type.
-    /// The behavior is the same as PG.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```slt
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[66], array[123]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {66,123}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[66], null::int[]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {66}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(null::int[], array[123]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {123}
-    /// ```
-    fn concat_array(left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match (left, right) {
-            (None, right) => right.to_owned_datum(),
-            (left, None) => left.to_owned_datum(),
-            (Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(left)), Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(right))) => Some(
-                ListValue::new(
-                    left.iter()
-                        .chain(right.iter())
-                        .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .into(),
-            ),
-            _ => {
-                panic!("the operands must be two arrays with the same data type");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Appends an array as the back element of an array of array.
-    /// Note the behavior is slightly different from PG.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```slt
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[array[66]], array[233]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{66},{233}}
-    ///
-    /// # ignore NULL, same as PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[array[66]], null::int[]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{66}}
-    ///
-    /// # different from PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(null::int[][], array[233]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{233}}
-    ///
-    /// # same as PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(null::int[][], null::int[]);
-    /// ----
-    /// NULL
-    /// ```
-    fn append_array(left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match (left, right) {
-            (None, None) => None,
-            (None, right) => Some(ListValue::new(vec![right.to_owned_datum()]).into()),
-            (left, None) => left.to_owned_datum(),
-            (Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(left)), right) => Some(
-                ListValue::new(
-                    left.iter()
-                        .chain(std::iter::once(right))
-                        .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .into(),
-            ),
-            _ => {
-                panic!("the rhs must be compatible to append to lhs");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Appends a value as the back element of an array.
-    /// The behavior is the same as PG.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```slt
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_append(array[66], 123);
-    /// ----
-    /// {66,123}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_append(array[66], null::int);
-    /// ----
-    /// {66,NULL}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_append(null::int[], 233);
-    /// ----
-    /// {233}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_append(null::int[], null::int);
-    /// ----
-    /// {NULL}
-    /// ```
-    fn append_value(left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match (left, right) {
-            (None, right) => Some(ListValue::new(vec![right.to_owned_datum()]).into()),
-            (Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(left)), right) => Some(
-                ListValue::new(
-                    left.iter()
-                        .chain(std::iter::once(right))
-                        .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .into(),
-            ),
-            _ => {
-                panic!("the rhs must be compatible to append to lhs");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Prepends an array as the front element of an array of array.
-    /// Note the behavior is slightly different from PG.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```slt
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[233], array[array[66]]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{233},{66}}
-    ///
-    /// # ignore NULL, same as PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(null::int[], array[array[66]]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{66}}
-    ///
-    /// # different from PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(array[233], null::int[][]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {{233}}
-    ///
-    /// # same as PG
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_cat(null::int[], null::int[][]);
-    /// ----
-    /// NULL
-    /// ```
-    fn prepend_array(left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match (left, right) {
-            (None, None) => None,
-            (left, None) => Some(ListValue::new(vec![left.to_owned_datum()]).into()),
-            (None, right) => right.to_owned_datum(),
-            (left, Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(right))) => Some(
-                ListValue::new(
-                    std::iter::once(left)
-                        .chain(right.iter())
-                        .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .into(),
-            ),
-            _ => {
-                panic!("the lhs must be compatible to prepend to rhs");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Prepends a value as the front element of an array.
-    /// The behavior is the same as PG.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```slt
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_prepend(123, array[66]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {123,66}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_prepend(null::int, array[66]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {NULL,66}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_prepend(233, null::int[]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {233}
-    ///
-    /// query T
-    /// select array_prepend(null::int, null::int[]);
-    /// ----
-    /// {NULL}
-    /// ```
-    fn prepend_value(left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match (left, right) {
-            (left, None) => Some(ListValue::new(vec![left.to_owned_datum()]).into()),
-            (left, Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(right))) => Some(
-                ListValue::new(
-                    std::iter::once(left)
-                        .chain(right.iter())
-                        .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .into(),
-            ),
-            _ => {
-                panic!("the lhs must be compatible to prepend to rhs");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self, left: DatumRef<'_>, right: DatumRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        (self.op_func)(left, right)
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ArrayConcatExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left_array = self.left.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let right_array = self.right.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let mut builder = self
-            .return_type
-            .create_array_builder(left_array.len() + right_array.len());
-        for (vis, (left, right)) in input
-            .vis()
-            .iter()
-            .zip_eq_fast(left_array.iter().zip_eq_fast(right_array.iter()))
-        {
-            if !vis {
-                builder.append_null();
-            } else {
-                builder.append(&self.evaluate(left, right));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Arc::new(builder.finish()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let left_data = self.left.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let right_data = self.right.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(self.evaluate(left_data.to_datum_ref(), right_data.to_datum_ref()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for ArrayConcatExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node()? else {
-            bail!("expects a RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-        let children = func_call_node.get_children();
-        ensure!(children.len() == 2);
-        let left = expr_build_from_prost(&children[0])?;
-        let right = expr_build_from_prost(&children[1])?;
-        let left_type = left.return_type();
-        let right_type = right.return_type();
-        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type()?);
-        let op = match prost.get_function_type()? {
-            // the types are checked in frontend, so no need for type checking here
-            Type::ArrayCat => {
-                if left_type == right_type {
-                    Operation::ConcatArray
-                } else if left_type == ret_type {
-                    Operation::AppendArray
-                } else if right_type == ret_type {
-                    Operation::PrependArray
-                } else {
-                    bail!("function call node invalid");
-                }
-            }
-            Type::ArrayAppend => Operation::AppendValue,
-            Type::ArrayPrepend => Operation::PrependValue,
-            _ => bail!("expects `ArrayCat`|`ArrayAppend`|`ArrayPrepend`"),
-        };
-        Ok(Self::new(ret_type, left, right, op))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use itertools::Itertools;
-    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
-    use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
-    use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{PbType, RexNode};
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::expr::{Expression, LiteralExpression};
-
-    fn make_i64_expr_node(value: i64) -> ExprNode {
-        ExprNode {
-            function_type: PbType::Unspecified as _,
-            return_type: Some(DataType::Int64.to_protobuf()),
-            rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(PbDatum {
-                body: value.to_be_bytes().to_vec(),
-            })),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn make_i64_array_expr_node(values: Vec<i64>) -> ExprNode {
-        ExprNode {
-            function_type: PbType::Array as i32,
-            return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-            rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                children: values.into_iter().map(make_i64_expr_node).collect(),
-            })),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn make_i64_array_array_expr_node(values: Vec<Vec<i64>>) -> ExprNode {
-        ExprNode {
-            function_type: PbType::Array as i32,
-            return_type: Some(
-                DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)))).to_protobuf(),
-            ),
-            rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                children: values.into_iter().map(make_i64_array_expr_node).collect(),
-            })),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_concat_try_from() {
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![42]);
-            let right = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![43]);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayCat as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_array_array_expr_node(vec![vec![42]]);
-            let right = make_i64_array_array_expr_node(vec![vec![43]]);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayCat as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![42]);
-            let right = make_i64_expr_node(43);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayAppend as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_array_array_expr_node(vec![vec![42]]);
-            let right = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![43]);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayAppend as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_expr_node(43);
-            let right = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![42]);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayPrepend as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-
-        {
-            let left = make_i64_array_expr_node(vec![43]);
-            let right = make_i64_array_array_expr_node(vec![vec![42]]);
-            let expr = ExprNode {
-                function_type: PbType::ArrayPrepend as i32,
-                return_type: Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)).to_protobuf()),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall {
-                    children: vec![left, right],
-                })),
-            };
-            assert!(ArrayConcatExpression::try_from(&expr).is_ok());
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn make_i64_array_expr(values: Vec<i64>) -> BoxedExpression {
-        LiteralExpression::new(
-            DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)),
-            Some(ListValue::new(values.into_iter().map(|x| Some(x.into())).collect()).into()),
-        )
-        .boxed()
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_array_concat_array_of_primitives() {
-        let left = make_i64_array_expr(vec![42]);
-        let right = make_i64_array_expr(vec![43, 44]);
-        let expr = ArrayConcatExpression::new(
-            DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int64)),
-            left,
-            right,
-            Operation::ConcatArray,
-        );
-
-        let chunk = DataChunk::new_dummy(4)
-            .with_visibility([true, false, true, true].into_iter().collect::<Bitmap>());
-        let expected_array = Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
-            Some(42i64.into()),
-            Some(43i64.into()),
-            Some(44i64.into()),
-        ])));
-        let expected = vec![
-            expected_array.clone(),
-            None,
-            expected_array.clone(),
-            expected_array,
-        ];
-        let actual = expr
-            .eval(&chunk)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|v| v.map(|s| s.into_scalar_impl()))
-            .collect_vec();
-        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
-    }
-
-    // More test cases are in e2e tests.
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_is_null.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_is_null.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 75ef834a624d0..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_is_null.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, BoolArray, DataChunk};
-use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, Scalar};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::Result;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IsNullExpression {
-    child: BoxedExpression,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IsNotNullExpression {
-    child: BoxedExpression,
-}
-
-impl IsNullExpression {
-    fn new(child: BoxedExpression) -> Self {
-        Self { child }
-    }
-}
-
-impl IsNotNullExpression {
-    fn new(child: BoxedExpression) -> Self {
-        Self { child }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for IsNullExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let child_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let arr = BoolArray::new(!child_arr.null_bitmap(), Bitmap::ones(input.capacity()));
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::Bool(arr)))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let result = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let is_null = result.is_none();
-        Ok(Some(is_null.to_scalar_value()))
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for IsNotNullExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let child_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let null_bitmap = match Arc::try_unwrap(child_arr) {
-            Ok(child_arr) => child_arr.into_null_bitmap(),
-            Err(child_arr) => child_arr.null_bitmap().clone(),
-        };
-        let arr = BoolArray::new(null_bitmap, Bitmap::ones(input.capacity()));
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::Bool(arr)))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let result = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let is_not_null = result.is_some();
-        Ok(Some(is_not_null.to_scalar_value()))
-    }
-}
-
-#[build_function("is_null(*) -> boolean")]
-fn build_is_null_expr(_: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    Ok(Box::new(IsNullExpression::new(
-        children.into_iter().next().unwrap(),
-    )))
-}
-
-#[build_function("is_not_null(*) -> boolean")]
-fn build_is_not_null_expr(_: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    Ok(Box::new(IsNotNullExpression::new(
-        children.into_iter().next().unwrap(),
-    )))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::str::FromStr;
-
-    use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, DataChunk, DecimalArrayBuilder};
-    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Decimal};
-
-    use crate::expr::expr_is_null::{IsNotNullExpression, IsNullExpression};
-    use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression};
-    use crate::Result;
-
-    async fn do_test(
-        expr: BoxedExpression,
-        expected_eval_result: Vec<bool>,
-        expected_eval_row_result: Vec<bool>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let input_array = {
-            let mut builder = DecimalArrayBuilder::new(3);
-            builder.append(Some(Decimal::from_str("0.1").unwrap()));
-            builder.append(Some(Decimal::from_str("-0.1").unwrap()));
-            builder.append(None);
-            builder.finish()
-        };
-
-        let input_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![input_array.into_ref()], 3);
-        let result_array = expr.eval(&input_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(3, result_array.len());
-        for (i, v) in expected_eval_result.iter().enumerate() {
-            assert_eq!(
-                *v,
-                bool::try_from(result_array.value_at(i).unwrap()).unwrap()
-            );
-        }
-
-        let rows = vec![
-            OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1.into()), Some(2.into())]),
-            OwnedRow::new(vec![None, Some(2.into())]),
-        ];
-
-        for (i, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
-            let result = expr.eval_row(row).await.unwrap().unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(expected_eval_row_result[i], result.into_bool());
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_is_null() -> Result<()> {
-        let expr = IsNullExpression::new(Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Decimal, 0)));
-        do_test(Box::new(expr), vec![false, false, true], vec![false, true])
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_is_not_null() -> Result<()> {
-        let expr =
-            IsNotNullExpression::new(Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Decimal, 0)));
-        do_test(Box::new(expr), vec![true, true, false], vec![true, false])
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_jsonb_access.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_jsonb_access.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bcc76fd16705..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_jsonb_access.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use either::Either;
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, I32Array, JsonbArray, JsonbArrayBuilder,
-    Utf8Array, Utf8ArrayBuilder,
-};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, JsonbRef, Scalar, ScalarRef};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::Result;
-
-/// This is forked from [`crate::expr::template::BinaryExpression`] for the following reasons:
-/// * Optimize for the case when rhs path is const. (not implemented yet)
-/// * It can return null when neither input is null.
-/// * We could `append(RefItem)` directly rather than getting a `OwnedItem` first.
-pub struct JsonbAccessExpression<A: Array, O, F> {
-    input: BoxedExpression,
-    path: Either<BoxedExpression, A::OwnedItem>,
-    func: F,
-    _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<O>,
-}
-
-impl<A: Array, O, F> std::fmt::Debug for JsonbAccessExpression<A, O, F> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("JsonbAccessExpression")
-            .field("input", &self.input)
-            .field("path", &self.path)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<A: Array, O, F> JsonbAccessExpression<A, O, F>
-where
-    F: Send + Sync + for<'a> Fn(JsonbRef<'a>, A::RefItem<'_>) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>>,
-{
-    #[expect(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new_const(input: BoxedExpression, path: A::OwnedItem, func: F) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            input,
-            path: Either::Right(path),
-            func,
-            _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_expr(input: BoxedExpression, path: BoxedExpression, func: F) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            input,
-            path: Either::Left(path),
-            func,
-            _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn eval_strict<'a>(
-        &self,
-        v: Option<JsonbRef<'a>>,
-        p: Option<A::RefItem<'_>>,
-    ) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>> {
-        match (v, p) {
-            (Some(v), Some(p)) => (self.func)(v, p),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<A, O, F> Expression for JsonbAccessExpression<A, O, F>
-where
-    A: Array,
-    for<'a> &'a A: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    O: AccessOutput,
-    F: Send + Sync + for<'a> Fn(JsonbRef<'a>, A::RefItem<'_>) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        O::return_type()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let Either::Left(path_expr) = &self.path else {
-            unreachable!("optimization for const path not implemented yet");
-        };
-        let path_array = path_expr.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let path_array: &A = path_array.as_ref().into();
-
-        let input_array = self.input.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let input_array: &JsonbArray = input_array.as_ref().into();
-
-        let mut builder = O::new(input.capacity());
-        match input.visibility() {
-            // We could ignore visibility and always evaluate access path for all values, because it
-            // never returns runtime error. But using visibility could save us some clone cost,
-            // unless we adjust [`JsonbArray`] to make sure all clones are on [`Arc`].
-            Some(visibility) => {
-                for ((v, p), visible) in input_array
-                    .iter()
-                    .zip_eq_fast(path_array.iter())
-                    .zip_eq_fast(visibility.iter())
-                {
-                    let r = visible.then(|| self.eval_strict(v, p)).flatten();
-                    builder.output_nullable(r)?;
-                }
-            }
-            None => {
-                for (v, p) in input_array.iter().zip_eq_fast(path_array.iter()) {
-                    builder.output_nullable(self.eval_strict(v, p))?;
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        Ok(std::sync::Arc::new(builder.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let Either::Left(path_expr) = &self.path else {
-            unreachable!("optimization for const path not implemented yet");
-        };
-        let p = path_expr.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let p = p
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|p| p.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let v = self.input.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let v = v
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|v| v.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let r = self.eval_strict(v, p);
-        Ok(r.and_then(O::to_datum))
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn jsonb_object_field<'a>(v: JsonbRef<'a>, p: &str) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>> {
-    v.access_object_field(p)
-}
-
-pub fn jsonb_array_element(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: i32) -> Option<JsonbRef<'_>> {
-    let idx = if p < 0 {
-        let Ok(len) = v.array_len() else {
-            return None;
-        };
-        if ((-p) as usize) > len {
-            return None;
-        } else {
-            len - ((-p) as usize)
-        }
-    } else {
-        p as usize
-    };
-    v.access_array_element(idx)
-}
-
-trait AccessOutput: ArrayBuilder {
-    fn return_type() -> DataType;
-    fn output(&mut self, v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> crate::Result<()>;
-    fn to_datum(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Datum;
-    fn output_nullable(&mut self, v: Option<JsonbRef<'_>>) -> crate::Result<()> {
-        match v {
-            Some(v) => self.output(v)?,
-            None => self.append_null(),
-        };
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl AccessOutput for JsonbArrayBuilder {
-    fn return_type() -> DataType {
-        DataType::Jsonb
-    }
-
-    fn output(&mut self, v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> crate::Result<()> {
-        self.append(Some(v));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn to_datum(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        Some(v.to_owned_scalar().to_scalar_value())
-    }
-}
-
-impl AccessOutput for Utf8ArrayBuilder {
-    fn return_type() -> DataType {
-        DataType::Varchar
-    }
-
-    fn output(&mut self, v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> crate::Result<()> {
-        match v.is_jsonb_null() {
-            true => self.append_null(),
-            false => {
-                let mut writer = self.writer().begin();
-                v.force_str(&mut writer)
-                    .map_err(|e| crate::ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-                writer.finish();
-            }
-        };
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn to_datum(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Datum {
-        match v.is_jsonb_null() {
-            true => None,
-            false => {
-                let mut s = String::new();
-                v.force_str(&mut s).unwrap();
-                let s: Box<str> = s.into();
-                Some(s.to_scalar_value())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[build_function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, varchar) -> jsonb")]
-fn build_jsonb_access_object_field(
-    _return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let l = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let r = iter.next().unwrap();
-    Ok(
-        JsonbAccessExpression::<Utf8Array, JsonbArrayBuilder, _>::new_expr(
-            l,
-            r,
-            jsonb_object_field,
-        )
-        .boxed(),
-    )
-}
-
-#[build_function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, int32) -> jsonb")]
-fn build_jsonb_access_array_element(
-    _return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let l = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let r = iter.next().unwrap();
-    Ok(
-        JsonbAccessExpression::<I32Array, JsonbArrayBuilder, _>::new_expr(
-            l,
-            r,
-            jsonb_array_element,
-        )
-        .boxed(),
-    )
-}
-
-#[build_function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_jsonb_access_object_field_str(
-    _return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let l = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let r = iter.next().unwrap();
-    Ok(
-        JsonbAccessExpression::<Utf8Array, Utf8ArrayBuilder, _>::new_expr(l, r, jsonb_object_field)
-            .boxed(),
-    )
-}
-
-#[build_function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, int32) -> varchar")]
-fn build_jsonb_access_array_element_str(
-    _return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let l = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let r = iter.next().unwrap();
-    Ok(
-        JsonbAccessExpression::<I32Array, Utf8ArrayBuilder, _>::new_expr(l, r, jsonb_array_element)
-            .boxed(),
-    )
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::vec;
-
-    use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, DataChunk, Utf8Array};
-    use risingwave_common::types::Scalar;
-    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::serialize_datum;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::TypeName;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::{DataType as ProstDataType, Datum as ProstDatum};
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
-
-    use crate::expr::build_from_prost;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_array_access_expr() {
-        let values = FunctionCall {
-            children: vec![
-                ExprNode {
-                    function_type: Type::Unspecified as i32,
-                    return_type: Some(ProstDataType {
-                        type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    }),
-                    rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(ProstDatum {
-                        body: serialize_datum(Some("foo".into()).as_ref()),
-                    })),
-                },
-                ExprNode {
-                    function_type: Type::Unspecified as i32,
-                    return_type: Some(ProstDataType {
-                        type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    }),
-                    rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(ProstDatum {
-                        body: serialize_datum(Some("bar".into()).as_ref()),
-                    })),
-                },
-            ],
-        };
-        let array_index = FunctionCall {
-            children: vec![
-                ExprNode {
-                    function_type: Type::Array as i32,
-                    return_type: Some(ProstDataType {
-                        type_name: TypeName::List as i32,
-                        field_type: vec![ProstDataType {
-                            type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
-                            ..Default::default()
-                        }],
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    }),
-                    rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(values)),
-                },
-                ExprNode {
-                    function_type: Type::Unspecified as i32,
-                    return_type: Some(ProstDataType {
-                        type_name: TypeName::Int32 as i32,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    }),
-                    rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(ProstDatum {
-                        body: serialize_datum(Some(1_i32.to_scalar_value()).as_ref()),
-                    })),
-                },
-            ],
-        };
-        let access = ExprNode {
-            function_type: Type::ArrayAccess as i32,
-            return_type: Some(ProstDataType {
-                type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
-                ..Default::default()
-            }),
-            rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(array_index)),
-        };
-        let expr = build_from_prost(&access);
-        assert!(expr.is_ok());
-
-        let res = expr.unwrap().eval(&DataChunk::new_dummy(1)).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(*res, ArrayImpl::Utf8(Utf8Array::from_iter(["foo"])));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_proctime.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_proctime.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index aed36d7da52ef..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_proctime.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::epoch;
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use super::{Expression, ValueImpl};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ProcTimeExpression;
-
-impl ProcTimeExpression {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        ProcTimeExpression
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for ProcTimeExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::Proctime);
-        ensure!(DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap()) == DataType::Timestamptz);
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-        ensure!(func_call_node.get_children().is_empty());
-
-        Ok(ProcTimeExpression::new())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Get the processing time in Timestamptz scalar from the task-local epoch.
-fn proc_time_from_epoch() -> Result<ScalarImpl> {
-    epoch::task_local::curr_epoch()
-        .map(|e| e.as_scalar())
-        .ok_or(ExprError::Context)
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ProcTimeExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Timestamptz
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_v2(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ValueImpl> {
-        proc_time_from_epoch().map(|s| ValueImpl::Scalar {
-            value: Some(s),
-            capacity: input.capacity(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, _input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        proc_time_from_epoch().map(Some)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
-    use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
-    use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, EpochPair};
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_expr_proctime() {
-        let proctime_expr = ProcTimeExpression::new();
-        let curr_epoch = Epoch::now();
-        let epoch = EpochPair {
-            curr: curr_epoch.0,
-            prev: 0,
-        };
-        let chunk = DataChunk::new_dummy(3);
-
-        let array = epoch::task_local::scope(epoch, proctime_expr.eval(&chunk))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        for datum_ref in array.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(
-                datum_ref,
-                Some(
-                    Timestamptz::from_millis(curr_epoch.as_unix_millis() as i64)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .into()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7907bb45ab915..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,756 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, ListArrayBuilder, ListRef, ListValue,
-    Utf8Array, Utf8ArrayBuilder,
-};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use super::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RegexpContext {
-    pub regex: Regex,
-    pub global: bool,
-}
-
-impl RegexpContext {
-    pub fn new(pattern: &str, flags: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        let options = RegexpOptions::from_str(flags)?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            regex: RegexBuilder::new(pattern)
-                .case_insensitive(options.case_insensitive)
-                .build()?,
-            global: options.global,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_pattern(pattern: Datum) -> Result<Self> {
-        let pattern = match &pattern {
-            None => NULL_PATTERN,
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(s)) => s.as_ref(),
-            _ => bail!("invalid pattern: {pattern:?}"),
-        };
-        Self::new(pattern, "")
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_pattern_flags(pattern: Datum, flags: Datum) -> Result<Self> {
-        let pattern = match (&pattern, &flags) {
-            (None, _) | (_, None) => NULL_PATTERN,
-            (Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(s)), _) => s.as_ref(),
-            _ => bail!("invalid pattern: {pattern:?}"),
-        };
-        let flags = match &flags {
-            None => "",
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(s)) => s.as_ref(),
-            _ => bail!("invalid flags: {flags:?}"),
-        };
-        Self::new(pattern, flags)
-    }
-}
-
-/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-matching.html#POSIX-EMBEDDED-OPTIONS-TABLE>
-struct RegexpOptions {
-    /// `c` and `i`
-    case_insensitive: bool,
-    /// `g`
-    global: bool,
-}
-
-#[expect(clippy::derivable_impls)]
-impl Default for RegexpOptions {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            case_insensitive: false,
-            global: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FromStr for RegexpOptions {
-    type Err = ExprError;
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut opts = Self::default();
-        for c in s.chars() {
-            match c {
-                // Case sensitive matching here
-                'c' => opts.case_insensitive = false,
-                // Case insensitive matching here
-                'i' => opts.case_insensitive = true,
-                // Global matching here
-                'g' => opts.global = true,
-                _ => {
-                    bail!("invalid regular expression option: \"{c}\"");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(opts)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RegexpMatchExpression {
-    pub child: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    pub ctx: RegexpContext,
-}
-
-/// The pattern that matches nothing.
-pub const NULL_PATTERN: &str = "a^";
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for RegexpMatchExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::RegexpMatch);
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-        let mut children = func_call_node.children.iter();
-        let Some(text_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected argument text");
-        };
-        let text_expr = expr_build_from_prost(text_node)?;
-        let Some(pattern_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected argument pattern");
-        };
-        let mut pattern = match &pattern_node.get_rex_node()? {
-            RexNode::Constant(pattern_value) => {
-                let pattern_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                    pattern_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                    &DataType::from(pattern_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                match pattern_datum {
-                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(pattern)) => pattern.to_string(),
-                    // NULL pattern
-                    None => NULL_PATTERN.to_string(),
-                    _ => bail!("Expected pattern to be a String"),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                    "non-constant pattern in regexp_match".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
-        let flags = if let Some(flags_node) = children.next() {
-            match &flags_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                RexNode::Constant(flags_value) => {
-                    let flags_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                        flags_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                        &DataType::from(flags_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                    )
-                    .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                    match flags_datum {
-                        Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(flags)) => flags.to_string(),
-                        // NULL flag
-                        None => {
-                            pattern = NULL_PATTERN.to_string();
-                            "".to_string()
-                        }
-                        _ => bail!("Expected flags to be a String"),
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                        "non-constant flags in regexp_match".to_string(),
-                    ))
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            "".to_string()
-        };
-
-        let ctx = RegexpContext::new(&pattern, &flags)?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            child: text_expr,
-            ctx,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl RegexpMatchExpression {
-    /// Match one row and return the result.
-    // TODO: The optimization can be allocated.
-    fn match_one(&self, text: Option<&str>) -> Option<ListValue> {
-        // If there are multiple captures, then the first one is the whole match, and should be
-        // ignored in PostgreSQL's behavior.
-        let skip_flag = self.ctx.regex.captures_len() > 1;
-
-        if let Some(text) = text {
-            if let Some(capture) = self.ctx.regex.captures(text) {
-                let list = capture
-                    .iter()
-                    .skip(if skip_flag { 1 } else { 0 })
-                    .map(|mat| mat.map(|m| m.as_str().into()))
-                    .collect_vec();
-                let list = ListValue::new(list);
-                Some(list)
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for RegexpMatchExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let text_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let text_arr: &Utf8Array = text_arr.as_ref().into();
-        let mut output = ListArrayBuilder::with_type(
-            input.capacity(),
-            DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)),
-        );
-
-        for (text, vis) in text_arr.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
-            if !vis {
-                output.append_null();
-            } else if let Some(list) = self.match_one(text) {
-                let list_ref = ListRef::ValueRef { val: &list };
-                output.append(Some(list_ref));
-            } else {
-                output.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(output.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let text = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(if let Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(text)) = text {
-            self.match_one(Some(&text)).map(Into::into)
-        } else {
-            None
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RegexpReplaceExpression {
-    /// The source to be matched and replaced
-    pub source: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    /// The regex context, used to match the given pattern
-    /// Contains `flag` relevant information, now we support `icg` flag options
-    pub ctx: RegexpContext,
-    /// The replacement string
-    pub replacement: String,
-    /// The actual return type by evaluating this expression
-    pub return_type: DataType,
-    /// The start position to replace the source
-    /// The starting index should be `0`
-    pub start: Option<u32>,
-    /// The N, used to specified the N-th position to be replaced
-    /// Note that this field is only available if `start` > 0
-    pub n: Option<u32>,
-}
-
-/// This trait provides the transformation from `ExprNode` to `RegexpReplaceExpression`
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for RegexpReplaceExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    /// Try to convert the given `ExprNode` to the replace expression
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        // The function type must be of Type::RegexpReplace
-        ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::RegexpReplace);
-
-        // Get the return type first
-        let return_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
-
-        // Get the top node, which must be the function call node in this case
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-
-        // The children node, must contain `source`, `pattern`, `replacement`
-        // `start, N`, `flags` are optional
-        let mut children = func_call_node.children.iter();
-
-        // Get the source expression, will be used as the `child` in replace expr
-        let Some(source_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected argument text");
-        };
-        let source = expr_build_from_prost(source_node)?;
-
-        // Get the regex pattern of this call
-        let Some(pattern_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected argument pattern");
-        };
-        // Store the pattern as the string, to pass in the regex context
-        let pattern = match &pattern_node.get_rex_node()? {
-            RexNode::Constant(pattern_value) => {
-                let pattern_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                    pattern_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                    &DataType::from(pattern_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                match pattern_datum {
-                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(pattern)) => pattern.to_string(),
-                    // NULL pattern
-                    None => NULL_PATTERN.to_string(),
-                    _ => bail!("Expected pattern to be a String"),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                    "non-constant pattern in regexp_replace".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Get the replacement string of this call
-        let Some(replacement_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected argument replacement");
-        };
-        // Same as the pattern above, store as the string
-        let replacement = match &replacement_node.get_rex_node()? {
-            RexNode::Constant(replacement_value) => {
-                let replacement_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                    replacement_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                    &DataType::from(replacement_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                match replacement_datum {
-                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(replacement)) => replacement.to_string(),
-                    // NULL replacement
-                    // FIXME: Do we need the NULL match arm here?
-                    _ => bail!("Expected replacement to be a String"),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                    "non-constant in regexp_replace".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
-        // The parsing for [, start [, N ]] [, flags ] options
-        let mut flags: Option<String> = None;
-        let mut start: Option<u32> = None;
-        let mut n: Option<u32> = None;
-        let mut n_flag = false;
-        let mut f_flag = false;
-
-        // Try to get the next possible node, see if any of the options are specified
-        if let Some(placeholder_node) = children.next() {
-            // Get the placeholder text first
-            let _placeholder = match &placeholder_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                RexNode::Constant(placeholder_value) => {
-                    let placeholder_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                        placeholder_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                        &DataType::from(placeholder_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                    )
-                    .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                    match placeholder_datum {
-                        Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(v)) => {
-                            if v <= 0 {
-                                // `start` must be greater than zero, if ever specified
-                                // This conforms with PG
-                                bail!("`start` must be greater than zero.");
-                            }
-                            start = Some(v as u32);
-                            "".to_string()
-                        }
-                        Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(v)) => {
-                            // If the `start` is not specified
-                            // Then this must be the `flags`
-                            f_flag = true;
-                            flags = Some(v.to_string());
-                            "".to_string()
-                        }
-                        // NULL replacement
-                        // FIXME: Do we need the NULL match arm here?
-                        _ => bail!("Expected extra option to be a String/Int32"),
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                        "non-constant in regexp_replace".to_string(),
-                    ))
-                }
-            };
-
-            // Get the next node
-            if !f_flag {
-                if let Some(placeholder_node) = children.next() {
-                    // Get the text as above
-                    let placeholder = match &placeholder_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                        RexNode::Constant(placeholder_value) => {
-                            let placeholder_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                                placeholder_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                                &DataType::from(placeholder_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                            )
-                            .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                            match placeholder_datum {
-                                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(v)) => {
-                                    n_flag = true;
-                                    n = Some(v as u32);
-                                    "".to_string()
-                                }
-                                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(v)) => v.to_string(),
-                                // NULL replacement
-                                // FIXME: Do we need the NULL match arm here?
-                                _ => bail!("Expected extra option to be a String/Int32"),
-                            }
-                        }
-                        _ => {
-                            return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                                "non-constant in regexp_replace".to_string(),
-                            ))
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    if n_flag {
-                        // Check if any flag is specified
-                        if let Some(flag_node) = children.next() {
-                            // Get the flag
-                            flags = match &flag_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                                RexNode::Constant(flag_value) => {
-                                    let flag_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                                        flag_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                                        &DataType::from(flag_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                                    )
-                                    .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                                    match flag_datum {
-                                        Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(v)) => Some(v.to_string()),
-                                        // NULL replacement
-                                        // FIXME: Do we need the NULL match arm here?
-                                        _ => bail!("Expected flag to be a String"),
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                _ => {
-                                    return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                                        "non-constant in regexp_replace".to_string(),
-                                    ))
-                                }
-                            };
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        flags = Some(placeholder);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // TODO: Any other error handling?
-        if let Some(_other) = children.next() {
-            // There should not any other option after the `flags`
-            bail!("invalid parameters specified in regexp_replace");
-        }
-
-        // Check if the syntax is correct
-        if flags.is_some() && start.is_some() && n.is_none() {
-            // `start`, `flag` with no `N` specified is an invalid combination
-            bail!("invalid syntax for `regexp_replace`");
-        }
-
-        // Construct the final `RegexpReplaceExpression`
-        let flags = if let Some(f) = flags {
-            f
-        } else {
-            "".to_string()
-        };
-
-        // The `icg` flags will be set if ever specified
-        let ctx = RegexpContext::new(&pattern, &flags)?;
-
-        // Construct the regex used to match and replace `\n` expression
-        // Check: https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/struct.Captures.html#method.expand
-        let regex = Regex::new(r"\\([1-9])").unwrap();
-
-        // Get the replaced string
-        let replacement = regex
-            .replace_all(&replacement, "$${$1}")
-            // This is for the '\$' substitution
-            .replace("\\&", "${0}");
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            source,
-            ctx,
-            replacement,
-            return_type,
-            start,
-            n,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl RegexpReplaceExpression {
-    /// Match and replace one row, return the replaced string
-    fn match_row(&self, text: Option<&str>) -> Option<String> {
-        if let Some(text) = text {
-            // The start position to begin the search
-            let start = if let Some(s) = self.start { s - 1 } else { 0 };
-
-            // This is because the source text may contain unicode
-            let start = match text.char_indices().nth(start as usize) {
-                Some((idx, _)) => idx,
-                // With no match
-                None => return Some(text.into()),
-            };
-
-            if (self.n.is_none() && self.ctx.global) || (self.n.is_some() && self.n.unwrap() == 0) {
-                // --------------------------------------------------------------
-                // `-g` enabled (& `N` is not specified) or `N` is `0`          |
-                // We need to replace all the occurrence of the matched pattern |
-                // --------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                // See if there is capture group or not
-                if self.ctx.regex.captures_len() <= 1 {
-                    // There is no capture groups in the regex
-                    // Just replace all matched patterns after `start`
-                    return Some(
-                        text[..start].to_string()
-                            + &self
-                                .ctx
-                                .regex
-                                .replace_all(&text[start..], self.replacement.clone()),
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    // The position to start searching for replacement
-                    let mut search_start = start;
-
-                    // Construct the return string
-                    let mut ret = text[..search_start].to_string();
-
-                    // Begin the actual replace logic
-                    while let Some(capture) = self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
-                        let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
-                        let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
-
-                        if match_start == match_end {
-                            // If this is an empty match
-                            search_start += 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        // Append the portion of the text from `search_start` to `match_start`
-                        ret.push_str(&text[search_start..search_start + match_start]);
-
-                        // Start to replacing
-                        // Note that the result will be written directly to `ret` buffer
-                        capture.expand(&self.replacement, &mut ret);
-
-                        // Update the `search_start`
-                        search_start += match_end;
-                    }
-
-                    // Push the rest of the text to return string
-                    ret.push_str(&text[search_start..]);
-
-                    Some(ret)
-                }
-            } else {
-                // -------------------------------------------------
-                // Only replace the first matched pattern          |
-                // Or the N-th matched pattern if `N` is specified |
-                // -------------------------------------------------
-
-                // Construct the return string
-                let mut ret = if start > 1 {
-                    text[..start].to_string()
-                } else {
-                    "".to_string()
-                };
-
-                // See if there is capture group or not
-                if self.ctx.regex.captures_len() <= 1 {
-                    // There is no capture groups in the regex
-                    if self.n.is_none() {
-                        // `N` is not specified
-                        ret.push_str(&self.ctx.regex.replacen(
-                            &text[start..],
-                            1,
-                            &self.replacement,
-                        ));
-                    } else {
-                        // Replace only the N-th match
-                        let mut count = 1;
-                        // The absolute index for the start of searching
-                        let mut search_start = start;
-                        while let Some(capture) = self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
-                            // Get the current start & end index
-                            let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
-                            let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
-
-                            if count == self.n.unwrap() as i32 {
-                                // We've reached the pattern to replace
-                                // Let's construct the return string
-                                ret = format!(
-                                    "{}{}{}",
-                                    &text[..search_start + match_start],
-                                    &self.replacement,
-                                    &text[search_start + match_end..]
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            }
-
-                            // Update the counter
-                            count += 1;
-
-                            // Update `start`
-                            search_start += match_end;
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // There are capture groups in the regex
-                    // Reset return string at the beginning
-                    ret = "".to_string();
-                    if self.n.is_none() {
-                        // `N` is not specified
-                        if self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]).is_none() {
-                            // No match
-                            return Some(text.into());
-                        }
-                        // Otherwise replace the source text
-                        if let Some(capture) = self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
-                            let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
-                            let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
-
-                            // Get the replaced string and expand it
-                            capture.expand(&self.replacement, &mut ret);
-
-                            // Construct the return string
-                            ret = format!(
-                                "{}{}{}",
-                                &text[..start + match_start],
-                                ret,
-                                &text[start + match_end..]
-                            );
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // Replace only the N-th match
-                        let mut count = 1;
-                        while let Some(capture) = self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
-                            if count == self.n.unwrap() as i32 {
-                                // We've reached the pattern to replace
-                                let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
-                                let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
-
-                                // Get the replaced string and expand it
-                                capture.expand(&self.replacement, &mut ret);
-
-                                // Construct the return string
-                                ret = format!(
-                                    "{}{}{}",
-                                    &text[..start + match_start],
-                                    ret,
-                                    &text[start + match_end..]
-                                );
-                            }
-
-                            // Update the counter
-                            count += 1;
-                        }
-
-                        // If there is no match, just return the original string
-                        if ret.is_empty() {
-                            ret = text.into();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Some(ret)
-            }
-        } else {
-            // The input string is None
-            // Directly return
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for RegexpReplaceExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        // Get the source text column first
-        let source_column = self.source.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let source_column = source_column.as_utf8();
-
-        let row_len = input.capacity();
-        let vis = input.vis();
-        let mut builder = Utf8ArrayBuilder::new(row_len);
-
-        for row_idx in 0..row_len {
-            // If not visible, just append the `None`
-            if !vis.is_set(row_idx) {
-                builder.append(None);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Try to get the source text for this column
-            let source = match source_column.value_at(row_idx) {
-                Some(s) => s,
-                None => {
-                    builder.append(None);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            };
-
-            if let Some(ret) = self.match_row(Some(source)) {
-                builder.append(Some(&ret));
-            } else {
-                builder.append(None);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::from(builder.finish())))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        // Get the source text to match and replace
-        let source = self.source.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let source = match source {
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(s)) => s,
-            // The input source is invalid, directly return None
-            _ => return Ok(None),
-        };
-
-        Ok(self
-            .match_row(Some(&source))
-            .map(|replaced| replaced.into()))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp_count.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp_count.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 28e5b75ff74e9..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_regexp_count.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, I32ArrayBuilder,
-};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
-use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use super::expr_regexp::RegexpContext;
-use super::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, Expression};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RegexpCountExpression {
-    /// The source text
-    pub source: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    /// Relevant regex context, contains `flags` option
-    pub ctx: RegexpContext,
-    /// The start position to begin the counting process
-    pub start: Option<u32>,
-}
-
-pub const NULL_PATTERN: &str = "a^";
-
-/// This trait provides the transformation from `ExprNode` to `RegexpCountExpression`
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for RegexpCountExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        // Sanity check first
-        ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::RegexpCount);
-
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-
-        let mut children = func_call_node.children.iter();
-
-        let Some(source_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected source text");
-        };
-        let source = expr_build_from_prost(source_node)?;
-
-        let Some(pattern_node) = children.next() else {
-            bail!("Expected pattern text");
-        };
-        let pattern = match &pattern_node.get_rex_node()? {
-            RexNode::Constant(pattern_value) => {
-                let pattern_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                    pattern_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                    &DataType::from(pattern_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                match pattern_datum {
-                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(pattern)) => pattern.to_string(),
-                    // NULL pattern
-                    None => NULL_PATTERN.to_string(),
-                    _ => bail!("Expected pattern to be a String"),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                    "non-constant pattern in `regexp_count`".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Parsing for [ , start [, flags ]]
-        let mut flags: Option<String> = None;
-        let mut start: Option<u32> = None;
-
-        // See if `start` is specified
-        if let Some(start_node) = children.next() {
-            start = match &start_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                RexNode::Constant(start_value) => {
-                    let start_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                        start_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                        &DataType::from(start_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                    )
-                    .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                    match start_datum {
-                        Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(start)) => {
-                            if start <= 0 {
-                                bail!("start must greater than zero");
-                            }
-                            Some(start as u32)
-                        }
-                        _ => bail!("Expected start to be a Unsigned Int32"),
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                        "non-constant start in `regexp_count`".to_string(),
-                    ))
-                }
-            };
-
-            // See if `flags` is specified
-            if let Some(flags_node) = children.next() {
-                flags = match &flags_node.get_rex_node()? {
-                    RexNode::Constant(flags_value) => {
-                        let flags_datum = deserialize_datum(
-                            flags_value.get_body().as_slice(),
-                            &DataType::from(flags_node.get_return_type().unwrap()),
-                        )
-                        .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
-
-                        match flags_datum {
-                            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(flags)) => Some(flags.to_string()),
-                            _ => bail!("Expected flags to be a String"),
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                            "non-constant flags in `regexp_count`".to_string(),
-                        ))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Sanity check
-        if children.next().is_some() {
-            bail!("syntax error in `regexp_count`");
-        }
-
-        let flags = flags.unwrap_or_default();
-
-        if flags.contains('g') {
-            bail!("`regexp_count` does not support global flag option");
-        }
-
-        let ctx = RegexpContext::new(&pattern, &flags)?;
-
-        Ok(Self { source, ctx, start })
-    }
-}
-
-impl RegexpCountExpression {
-    fn match_row(&self, text: Option<&str>) -> Option<i32> {
-        if let Some(text) = text {
-            // First get the start position to count for
-            let start = if let Some(s) = self.start { s - 1 } else { 0 };
-
-            // For unicode purpose
-            let mut start = match text.char_indices().nth(start as usize) {
-                Some((idx, _)) => idx,
-                // The `start` is out of bound
-                None => return Some(0),
-            };
-
-            let mut count = 0;
-
-            while let Some(captures) = self.ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
-                count += 1;
-                start += captures.get(0).unwrap().end();
-            }
-
-            Some(count)
-        } else {
-            // Input string is None, the return value should be NULL
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for RegexpCountExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Int32
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let source_column = self.source.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let source_column = source_column.as_utf8();
-
-        let row_len = input.capacity();
-        let vis = input.vis();
-        let mut builder: I32ArrayBuilder = ArrayBuilder::new(row_len);
-
-        for row_idx in 0..row_len {
-            if !vis.is_set(row_idx) {
-                builder.append(None);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let source = source_column.value_at(row_idx);
-            builder.append(self.match_row(source));
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::from(builder.finish())))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let source = self.source.eval_row(input).await?;
-        // Will panic if the input text is not a String
-        let source = match source {
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(s)) => s,
-            None => return Ok(None),
-            // Other than the above cases
-            // The input is invalid and we should panic here
-            _ => bail!("source should be a String"),
-        };
-
-        Ok(self
-            .match_row(Some(&source))
-            .map(|replaced| replaced.into()))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4164dfed44053..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::fmt::Write;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, TimestampArray, Utf8ArrayBuilder};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression, Result};
-use crate::expr::template::BinaryBytesExpression;
-use crate::vector_op::to_char::{compile_pattern_to_chrono, to_char_timestamp, ChronoPattern};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToCharConstTmplContext {
-    chrono_pattern: ChronoPattern,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-    child: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    ctx: ExprToCharConstTmplContext,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Varchar
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(
-        &self,
-        input: &risingwave_common::array::DataChunk,
-    ) -> crate::Result<risingwave_common::array::ArrayRef> {
-        let data_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let data_arr: &TimestampArray = data_arr.as_ref().into();
-        let mut output = Utf8ArrayBuilder::new(input.capacity());
-        for (data, vis) in data_arr.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
-            if !vis {
-                output.append_null();
-            } else if let Some(data) = data {
-                let mut writer = output.writer().begin();
-                let fmt = data
-                    .0
-                    .format_with_items(self.ctx.chrono_pattern.borrow_dependent().iter());
-                write!(writer, "{fmt}").unwrap();
-                writer.finish();
-            } else {
-                output.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(output.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let data = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(if let Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(data)) = data {
-            Some(
-                data.0
-                    .format_with_items(self.ctx.chrono_pattern.borrow_dependent().iter())
-                    .to_string()
-                    .into(),
-            )
-        } else {
-            None
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[build_function("to_char(timestamp, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_to_char_expr(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let data_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let tmpl_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(if let Ok(Some(tmpl)) = tmpl_expr.eval_const() {
-        ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-            ctx: ExprToCharConstTmplContext {
-                chrono_pattern: compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl.as_utf8()),
-            },
-            child: data_expr,
-        }
-        .boxed()
-    } else {
-        BinaryBytesExpression::<TimestampArray, Utf8Array, _>::new(
-            data_expr,
-            tmpl_expr,
-            return_type,
-            #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
-            |a, b, w| Ok(to_char_timestamp(a, b, w)),
-        )
-        .boxed()
-    })
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d25f68424092a..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, TimestamptzArray, Utf8ArrayBuilder};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression, Result};
-use crate::expr::template::TernaryBytesExpression;
-use crate::vector_op::to_char::{
-    compile_pattern_to_chrono, to_char_timestamptz, to_char_timestamptz_const_tmpl, ChronoPattern,
-};
-use crate::ExprError;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToCharConstTmplContext {
-    chrono_pattern: ChronoPattern,
-    time_zone: Box<str>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-    child: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    ctx: ExprToCharConstTmplContext,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Varchar
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(
-        &self,
-        input: &risingwave_common::array::DataChunk,
-    ) -> crate::Result<risingwave_common::array::ArrayRef> {
-        let data_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let data_arr: &TimestamptzArray = data_arr.as_ref().into();
-        let mut output = Utf8ArrayBuilder::new(input.capacity());
-        for (data, vis) in data_arr.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
-            if !vis {
-                output.append_null();
-            } else if let Some(data) = data {
-                let mut writer = output.writer().begin();
-                to_char_timestamptz_const_tmpl(
-                    data,
-                    &self.ctx.chrono_pattern,
-                    &self.ctx.time_zone,
-                    &mut writer,
-                )?;
-                writer.finish();
-            } else {
-                output.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(output.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let data = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(if let Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(data)) = data {
-            let mut s = String::new();
-            to_char_timestamptz_const_tmpl(
-                data,
-                &self.ctx.chrono_pattern,
-                &self.ctx.time_zone,
-                &mut s,
-            )?;
-            Some(s.into())
-        } else {
-            None
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-// Only to register this signature to function signature map.
-#[build_function("to_char(timestamptz, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_dummy(_return_type: DataType, _children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-        "to_char should have been rewritten to include timezone".into(),
-    ))
-}
-
-#[build_function("to_char(timestamptz, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_to_char_expr(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let data_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let tmpl_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let zone_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(if let Ok(Some(tmpl)) = tmpl_expr.eval_const()
-        && let Ok(Some(zone)) = zone_expr.eval_const() {
-        ExprToCharConstTmpl {
-            ctx: ExprToCharConstTmplContext {
-                chrono_pattern: compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl.as_utf8()),
-                time_zone: zone.into_utf8(),
-            },
-            child: data_expr,
-        }
-        .boxed()
-    } else {
-        TernaryBytesExpression::<TimestamptzArray, Utf8Array, Utf8Array, _>::new(
-            data_expr,
-            tmpl_expr,
-            zone_expr,
-            return_type,
-            to_char_timestamptz,
-        )
-        .boxed()
-    })
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_date_const_tmpl.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_date_const_tmpl.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 2da9919886fb4..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_date_const_tmpl.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, DateArrayBuilder, Utf8Array};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression, Result};
-use crate::expr::template::BinaryExpression;
-use crate::vector_op::to_char::{compile_pattern_to_chrono, ChronoPattern};
-use crate::vector_op::to_timestamp::{to_date, to_date_const_tmpl};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToDateConstTmpl {
-    child: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    chrono_pattern: ChronoPattern,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ExprToDateConstTmpl {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Date
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(
-        &self,
-        input: &risingwave_common::array::DataChunk,
-    ) -> crate::Result<risingwave_common::array::ArrayRef> {
-        let data_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let data_arr: &Utf8Array = data_arr.as_ref().into();
-        let mut output = DateArrayBuilder::new(input.capacity());
-        for (data, vis) in data_arr.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
-            if !vis {
-                output.append_null();
-            } else if let Some(data) = data {
-                let res = to_date_const_tmpl(data, &self.chrono_pattern)?;
-                output.append(Some(res));
-            } else {
-                output.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(output.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let data = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(if let Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(data)) = data {
-            let res = to_date_const_tmpl(&data, &self.chrono_pattern)?;
-            Some(res.into())
-        } else {
-            None
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[build_function("char_to_date(varchar, varchar) -> date")]
-fn build_to_date_expr(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let data_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let tmpl_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(if let Ok(Some(tmpl)) = tmpl_expr.eval_const() {
-        ExprToDateConstTmpl {
-            child: data_expr,
-            chrono_pattern: compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl.as_utf8()),
-        }
-        .boxed()
-    } else {
-        BinaryExpression::<Utf8Array, Utf8Array, DateArray, _>::new(
-            data_expr,
-            tmpl_expr,
-            return_type,
-            to_date,
-        )
-        .boxed()
-    })
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index cdbf75f6c0df2..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, TimestamptzArrayBuilder, Utf8Array};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression, Result};
-use crate::expr::template::{BinaryExpression, TernaryExpression};
-use crate::vector_op::to_char::{compile_pattern_to_chrono, ChronoPattern};
-use crate::vector_op::to_timestamp::{to_timestamp, to_timestamp_const_tmpl, to_timestamp_legacy};
-use crate::ExprError;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToTimestampConstTmplContext {
-    chrono_pattern: ChronoPattern,
-    time_zone: Box<str>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ExprToTimestampConstTmpl {
-    child: Box<dyn Expression>,
-    ctx: ExprToTimestampConstTmplContext,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ExprToTimestampConstTmpl {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Timestamptz
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(
-        &self,
-        input: &risingwave_common::array::DataChunk,
-    ) -> crate::Result<risingwave_common::array::ArrayRef> {
-        let data_arr = self.child.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let data_arr: &Utf8Array = data_arr.as_ref().into();
-        let mut output = TimestamptzArrayBuilder::new(input.capacity());
-        for (data, vis) in data_arr.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
-            if !vis {
-                output.append_null();
-            } else if let Some(data) = data {
-                let res =
-                    to_timestamp_const_tmpl(data, &self.ctx.chrono_pattern, &self.ctx.time_zone)?;
-                output.append(Some(res));
-            } else {
-                output.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(Arc::new(output.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let data = self.child.eval_row(input).await?;
-        Ok(if let Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(data)) = data {
-            let res =
-                to_timestamp_const_tmpl(&data, &self.ctx.chrono_pattern, &self.ctx.time_zone)?;
-            Some(res.into())
-        } else {
-            None
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-// Only to register this signature to function signature map.
-#[build_function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz")]
-fn build_dummy(_return_type: DataType, _children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-        "to_timestamp should have been rewritten to include timezone".into(),
-    ))
-}
-
-#[build_function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz")]
-fn build_to_timestamp_expr(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let data_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let tmpl_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let zone_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(if let Ok(Some(tmpl)) = tmpl_expr.eval_const()
-        && let Ok(Some(zone)) = zone_expr.eval_const() {
-        ExprToTimestampConstTmpl {
-            ctx: ExprToTimestampConstTmplContext {
-                chrono_pattern: compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl.as_utf8()),
-                time_zone: zone.into_utf8(),
-            },
-            child: data_expr,
-        }
-        .boxed()
-    } else {
-        TernaryExpression::<Utf8Array, Utf8Array, Utf8Array, TimestamptzArray, _>::new(
-            data_expr,
-            tmpl_expr,
-            zone_expr,
-            return_type,
-            to_timestamp,
-        )
-        .boxed()
-    })
-}
-
-/// Support building the variant returning timestamp without time zone for backward compatibility.
-#[build_function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamp", deprecated)]
-pub fn build_to_timestamp_expr_legacy(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let data_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let tmpl_expr = iter.next().unwrap();
-
-    Ok(
-        BinaryExpression::<Utf8Array, Utf8Array, TimestampArray, _>::new(
-            data_expr,
-            tmpl_expr,
-            return_type,
-            to_timestamp_legacy,
-        )
-        .boxed(),
-    )
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
index 60f2484bf010d..8a424f4908448 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 //! [`eval`]: Expression::eval
 
 // These modules define concrete expression structures.
-mod expr_array_concat;
-mod expr_array_to_string;
 mod expr_array_transform;
 mod expr_binary_nonnull;
 mod expr_binary_nullable;
@@ -43,25 +41,14 @@ mod expr_concat_ws;
 mod expr_field;
 mod expr_in;
 mod expr_input_ref;
-mod expr_is_null;
-mod expr_jsonb_access;
 mod expr_literal;
 mod expr_nested_construct;
-mod expr_proctime;
-pub mod expr_regexp;
-pub mod expr_regexp_count;
 mod expr_some_all;
-mod expr_timestamp_to_char_const_tmpl;
-mod expr_timestamptz_to_char_const_tmpl;
-mod expr_to_date_const_tmpl;
-mod expr_to_timestamp_const_tmpl;
 pub(crate) mod expr_udf;
 mod expr_unary;
 mod expr_vnode;
 
 mod build;
-pub(crate) mod template;
-pub(crate) mod template_fast;
 pub mod test_utils;
 mod value;
 
@@ -199,3 +186,20 @@ pub type BoxedExpression = Box<dyn Expression>;
 /// See also <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/4625>.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 const STRICT_MODE: bool = false;
+
+/// An optional context that can be used in a function.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[function("foo(int32) -> int64")]
+/// fn foo(a: i32, ctx: &Context) -> i64 {
+///    assert_eq!(ctx.arg_types[0], DataType::Int32);
+///    assert_eq!(ctx.return_type, DataType::Int64);
+///    // ...
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Context {
+    pub arg_types: Vec<DataType>,
+    pub return_type: DataType,
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/template.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/template.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a2d0535b90052..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/template.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,448 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Template macro to generate code for unary/binary/ternary expression.
-
-use std::fmt;
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use itertools::{multizip, Itertools};
-use paste::paste;
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, Utf8Array};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{option_as_scalar_ref, DataType, Datum, Scalar};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-
-use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, ValueImpl, ValueRef};
-use crate::Result;
-
-macro_rules! gen_eval {
-    { ($macro:ident, $macro_row:ident), $ty_name:ident, $OA:ty, $($arg:ident,)* } => {
-        fn eval_v2<'a, 'b, 'async_trait>(&'a self, data_chunk: &'b DataChunk)
-            -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<ValueImpl>> + Send + 'async_trait>>
-        where
-            'a: 'async_trait,
-            'b: 'async_trait,
-        {
-            Box::pin(async move { paste! {
-                $(
-                    let [<ret_ $arg:lower>] = self.[<expr_ $arg:lower>].eval_v2(data_chunk).await?;
-                    let [<val_ $arg:lower>]: ValueRef<'_, $arg> = (&[<ret_ $arg:lower>]).into();
-                )*
-
-                Ok(match ($([<val_ $arg:lower>], )*) {
-                    // If all arguments are scalar, we can directly compute the result.
-                    ($(ValueRef::Scalar { value: [<scalar_ref_ $arg:lower>], capacity: [<cap_ $arg:lower>] }, )*) => {
-                        let output_scalar = $macro_row!(self, $([<scalar_ref_ $arg:lower>],)*);
-                        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-                        let capacity = data_chunk.capacity();
-
-                        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
-                            let all_capacities = [capacity, $([<cap_ $arg:lower>], )*];
-                            assert!(all_capacities.into_iter().all_equal(), "capacities mismatched: {:?}", all_capacities);
-                        }
-
-                        ValueImpl::Scalar { value: output_datum, capacity }
-                    }
-
-                    // Otherwise, fallback to array computation.
-                    ($([<val_ $arg:lower>], )*) => {
-                        let bitmap = data_chunk.visibility();
-                        let mut output_array = <$OA as Array>::Builder::with_type(data_chunk.capacity(), self.return_type.clone());
-                        let array = match bitmap {
-                            Some(bitmap) => {
-                                // TODO: use `izip` here.
-                                for (($([<v_ $arg:lower>], )*), visible) in multizip(($([<val_ $arg:lower>].iter(), )*)).zip_eq_debug(bitmap.iter()) {
-                                    if !visible {
-                                        output_array.append_null();
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
-                                    $macro!(self, output_array, $([<v_ $arg:lower>],)*)
-                                }
-                                output_array.finish().into()
-                            }
-                            None => {
-                                // TODO: use `izip` here.
-                                for ($([<v_ $arg:lower>], )*) in multizip(($([<val_ $arg:lower>].iter(), )*)) {
-                                    $macro!(self, output_array, $([<v_ $arg:lower>],)*)
-                                }
-                                output_array.finish().into()
-                            }
-                        };
-
-                        ValueImpl::Array(Arc::new(array))
-                    }
-                })
-            }})
-        }
-
-        /// `eval_row()` first calls `eval_row()` on the inner expressions to get the resulting datums,
-        /// then directly calls `$macro_row` to evaluate the current expression.
-        fn eval_row<'a, 'b, 'async_trait>(&'a self, row: &'b OwnedRow)
-            -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Datum>> + Send + 'async_trait>>
-        where
-            'a: 'async_trait,
-            'b: 'async_trait,
-        {
-            Box::pin(async move { paste! {
-                $(
-                    let [<datum_ $arg:lower>] = self.[<expr_ $arg:lower>].eval_row(row).await?;
-                    let [<scalar_ref_ $arg:lower>] = [<datum_ $arg:lower>].as_ref().map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-                )*
-
-                let output_scalar = $macro_row!(self, $([<scalar_ref_ $arg:lower>],)*);
-                let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-                Ok(output_datum)
-            }})
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! eval_normal {
-    ($self:ident, $output_array:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        if let ($(Some($arg), )*) = ($($arg, )*) {
-            let ret = ($self.func)($($arg, )*)?;
-            let output = Some(ret.as_scalar_ref());
-            $output_array.append(output);
-        } else {
-            $output_array.append(None);
-        }
-    }
-}
-macro_rules! eval_normal_row {
-    ($self:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        if let ($(Some($arg), )*) = ($($arg, )*) {
-            let ret = ($self.func)($($arg, )*)?;
-            Some(ret)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! gen_expr_normal {
-    ($ty_name:ident, { $($arg:ident),* }) => {
-        paste! {
-            pub struct $ty_name<
-                $($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )*) -> Result<OA::OwnedItem>,
-            > {
-                $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression,)*
-                return_type: DataType,
-                func: F,
-                _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<($($arg, )* OA)>,
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )*) -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send,
-            > fmt::Debug for $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F> {
-                fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-                    f.debug_struct(stringify!($ty_name))
-                        .field("func", &std::any::type_name::<F>())
-                        $(.field(stringify!([<expr_ $arg:lower>]), &self.[<expr_ $arg:lower>]))*
-                        .field("return_type", &self.return_type)
-                        .finish()
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )*) -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send,
-            > Expression for $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F>
-            where
-                $(for<'a> ValueRef<'a, $arg>: std::convert::From<&'a ValueImpl>,)*
-                for<'a> ValueRef<'a, OA>: std::convert::From<&'a ValueImpl>,
-            {
-                fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-                    self.return_type.clone()
-                }
-
-                gen_eval! { (eval_normal, eval_normal_row), $ty_name, OA, $($arg, )* }
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )*) -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send,
-            > $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F> {
-                #[allow(dead_code)]
-                pub fn new(
-                    $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression, )*
-                    return_type: DataType,
-                    func: F,
-                ) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        $([<expr_ $arg:lower>], )*
-                        return_type,
-                        func,
-                        _phantom : std::marker::PhantomData,
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! eval_bytes {
-    ($self:ident, $output_array:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        if let ($(Some($arg), )*) = ($($arg, )*) {
-            {
-                let mut writer = $output_array.writer().begin();
-                ($self.func)($($arg, )* &mut writer)?;
-                writer.finish();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $output_array.append(None);
-        }
-    }
-}
-macro_rules! eval_bytes_row {
-    ($self:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        if let ($(Some($arg), )*) = ($($arg, )*) {
-            let mut writer = String::new();
-            ($self.func)($($arg, )* &mut writer)?;
-            Some(Box::<str>::from(writer))
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! gen_expr_bytes {
-    ($ty_name:ident, { $($arg:ident),* }) => {
-        paste! {
-            pub struct $ty_name<
-                $($arg: Array, )*
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )* &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) -> Result<()>,
-            > {
-                $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression,)*
-                return_type: DataType,
-                func: F,
-                _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<($($arg, )*)>,
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )* &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) -> Result<()> + Sync + Send,
-            > fmt::Debug for $ty_name<$($arg, )* F> {
-                fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-                    f.debug_struct(stringify!($ty_name))
-                        .field("func", &std::any::type_name::<F>())
-                        $(.field(stringify!([<expr_ $arg:lower>]), &self.[<expr_ $arg:lower>]))*
-                        .field("return_type", &self.return_type)
-                        .finish()
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )* &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) -> Result<()> + Sync + Send,
-            > Expression for $ty_name<$($arg, )* F>
-            where
-                $(for<'a> ValueRef<'a, $arg>: std::convert::From<&'a ValueImpl>,)*
-            {
-                fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-                    self.return_type.clone()
-                }
-
-                gen_eval! { (eval_bytes, eval_bytes_row), $ty_name, Utf8Array, $($arg, )* }
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                F: Fn($($arg::RefItem<'_>, )* &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) -> Result<()> + Sync + Send,
-            > $ty_name<$($arg, )* F> {
-                pub fn new(
-                    $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression, )*
-                    return_type: DataType,
-                    func: F,
-                ) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        $([<expr_ $arg:lower>], )*
-                        return_type,
-                        func,
-                        _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! eval_nullable {
-    ($self:ident, $output_array:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        {
-            let ret = ($self.func)($($arg,)*)?;
-            $output_array.append(option_as_scalar_ref(&ret));
-        }
-    }
-}
-macro_rules! eval_nullable_row {
-    ($self:ident, $($arg:ident,)*) => {
-        ($self.func)($($arg,)*)?
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! gen_expr_nullable {
-    ($ty_name:ident, { $($arg:ident),* }) => {
-        paste! {
-            pub struct $ty_name<
-                $($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($(Option<$arg::RefItem<'_>>, )*) -> Result<Option<OA::OwnedItem>>,
-            > {
-                $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression,)*
-                return_type: DataType,
-                func: F,
-                _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<($($arg, )* OA)>,
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($(Option<$arg::RefItem<'_>>, )*) -> Result<Option<OA::OwnedItem>> + Sync + Send,
-            > fmt::Debug for $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F> {
-                fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-                    f.debug_struct(stringify!($ty_name))
-                        .field("func", &std::any::type_name::<F>())
-                        $(.field(stringify!([<expr_ $arg:lower>]), &self.[<expr_ $arg:lower>]))*
-                        .field("return_type", &self.return_type)
-                        .finish()
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[async_trait::async_trait]
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($(Option<$arg::RefItem<'_>>, )*) -> Result<Option<OA::OwnedItem>> + Sync + Send,
-            > Expression for $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F>
-            where
-                $(for<'a> ValueRef<'a, $arg>: std::convert::From<&'a ValueImpl>,)*
-                for<'a> ValueRef<'a, OA>: std::convert::From<&'a ValueImpl>,
-            {
-                fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-                    self.return_type.clone()
-                }
-
-                gen_eval! { (eval_nullable, eval_nullable_row), $ty_name, OA, $($arg, )* }
-            }
-
-            impl<$($arg: Array, )*
-                OA: Array,
-                F: Fn($(Option<$arg::RefItem<'_>>, )*) -> Result<Option<OA::OwnedItem>> + Sync + Send,
-            > $ty_name<$($arg, )* OA, F> {
-                // Compile failed due to some GAT lifetime issues so make this field private.
-                // Check issues #742.
-                #[allow(dead_code)]
-                pub fn new(
-                    $([<expr_ $arg:lower>]: BoxedExpression, )*
-                    return_type: DataType,
-                    func: F,
-                ) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        $([<expr_ $arg:lower>], )*
-                        return_type,
-                        func,
-                        _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-gen_expr_normal!(UnaryExpression, { IA1 });
-gen_expr_normal!(BinaryExpression, { IA1, IA2 });
-gen_expr_normal!(TernaryExpression, { IA1, IA2, IA3 });
-
-gen_expr_bytes!(UnaryBytesExpression, { IA1 });
-gen_expr_bytes!(BinaryBytesExpression, { IA1, IA2 });
-gen_expr_bytes!(TernaryBytesExpression, { IA1, IA2, IA3 });
-gen_expr_bytes!(QuaternaryBytesExpression, { IA1, IA2, IA3, IA4 });
-
-gen_expr_nullable!(UnaryNullableExpression, { IA1 });
-gen_expr_nullable!(BinaryNullableExpression, { IA1, IA2 });
-gen_expr_nullable!(TernaryNullableExpression, { IA1, IA2, IA3 });
-
-pub struct NullaryExpression<OA, F> {
-    return_type: DataType,
-    func: F,
-    _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<OA>,
-}
-
-impl<OA: Array, F: Fn() -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send> fmt::Debug
-    for NullaryExpression<OA, F>
-{
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("NullaryExpression")
-            .field("func", &std::any::type_name::<F>())
-            .field("return_type", &self.return_type)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<OA: Array, F: Fn() -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send> NullaryExpression<OA, F> {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new(return_type: DataType, func: F) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            return_type,
-            func,
-            _phantom: std::marker::PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<OA: Array, F: Fn() -> Result<OA::OwnedItem> + Sync + Send> Expression
-    for NullaryExpression<OA, F>
-where
-    for<'a> &'a OA: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let bitmap = data_chunk.visibility();
-        let mut output_array =
-            OA::Builder::with_type(data_chunk.capacity(), self.return_type.clone());
-
-        match bitmap {
-            Some(bitmap) => {
-                for visible in bitmap.iter() {
-                    if !visible {
-                        output_array.append_null();
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    let ret = (self.func)()?;
-                    let output = Some(ret.as_scalar_ref());
-                    output_array.append(output);
-                }
-            }
-            None => {
-                for _ in 0..data_chunk.capacity() {
-                    let ret = (self.func)()?;
-                    let output = Some(ret.as_scalar_ref());
-                    output_array.append(output);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Arc::new(output_array.finish().into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, _: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let ret = (self.func)()?;
-        let output_datum = Some(ret.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/template_fast.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/template_fast.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 971481a47efbf..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/template_fast.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,560 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Generic expressions for fast evaluation.
-//!
-//! Expressions in this module utilize auto-vectorization (SIMD) to speed up evaluation.
-//!
-//! It contains:
-//! - [`BooleanUnaryExpression`] for boolean operations, like `not`.
-//! - [`BooleanBinaryExpression`] for boolean comparisons, like `eq`.
-//! - [`UnaryExpression`] for unary operations on [`PrimitiveArray`], like `bitwise_not`.
-//! - [`BinaryExpression`] for binary operations on [`PrimitiveArray`], like `bitwise_and`.
-//! - [`CompareExpression`] for comparisons on [`PrimitiveArray`], like `eq`.
-//! - [`IsDistinctFromExpression`] for `is[_not]_distinct_from` on [`PrimitiveArray`].
-//!
-//! Note that to enable vectorization, operations must be applied to every element in the array,
-//! without any branching. So it is only suitable for infallible operations.
-
-// allow using `zip` for performance reasons
-#![allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
-
-use std::fmt;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    Array, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, BoolArray, DataChunk, PrimitiveArray, PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-};
-use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, Scalar};
-
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
-
-pub struct BooleanUnaryExpression<FA, FV> {
-    child: BoxedExpression,
-    f_array: FA,
-    f_value: FV,
-}
-
-impl<FA, FV> fmt::Debug for BooleanUnaryExpression<FA, FV> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("BooleanUnaryExpression")
-            .field("child", &self.child)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<FA, FV> BooleanUnaryExpression<FA, FV>
-where
-    FA: Fn(&BoolArray) -> BoolArray + Send + Sync,
-    FV: Fn(Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    pub fn new(child: BoxedExpression, f_array: FA, f_value: FV) -> Self {
-        BooleanUnaryExpression {
-            child,
-            f_array,
-            f_value,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<FA, FV> Expression for BooleanUnaryExpression<FA, FV>
-where
-    FA: Fn(&BoolArray) -> BoolArray + Send + Sync,
-    FV: Fn(Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let child = self.child.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let a = child.as_bool();
-        let c = (self.f_array)(a);
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let datum = self.child.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let scalar = datum.map(|s| *s.as_bool());
-        let output_scalar = (self.f_value)(scalar);
-        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct BooleanBinaryExpression<FA, FV> {
-    left: BoxedExpression,
-    right: BoxedExpression,
-    f_array: FA,
-    f_value: FV,
-}
-
-impl<FA, FV> fmt::Debug for BooleanBinaryExpression<FA, FV> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("BooleanBinaryExpression")
-            .field("left", &self.left)
-            .field("right", &self.right)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<FA, FV> BooleanBinaryExpression<FA, FV>
-where
-    FA: Fn(&BoolArray, &BoolArray) -> BoolArray + Send + Sync,
-    FV: Fn(Option<bool>, Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    pub fn new(left: BoxedExpression, right: BoxedExpression, f_array: FA, f_value: FV) -> Self {
-        BooleanBinaryExpression {
-            left,
-            right,
-            f_array,
-            f_value,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<FA, FV> Expression for BooleanBinaryExpression<FA, FV>
-where
-    FA: Fn(&BoolArray, &BoolArray) -> BoolArray + Send + Sync,
-    FV: Fn(Option<bool>, Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left = self.left.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let right = self.right.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let a = left.as_bool();
-        let b = right.as_bool();
-        let c = (self.f_array)(a, b);
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let left = self.left.eval_row(row).await?.map(|s| *s.as_bool());
-        let right = self.right.eval_row(row).await?.map(|s| *s.as_bool());
-        let output_scalar = (self.f_value)(left, right);
-        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct NullaryExpression<F, T> {
-    return_type: DataType,
-    func: F,
-    _marker: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<F, T> fmt::Debug for NullaryExpression<F, T> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("NullaryExpression").finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, T> NullaryExpression<F, T>
-where
-    F: Fn() -> T + Send + Sync,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-{
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new(return_type: DataType, func: F) -> Self {
-        NullaryExpression {
-            return_type,
-            func,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<F, T> Expression for NullaryExpression<F, T>
-where
-    F: Fn() -> T + Send + Sync,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let bitmap = match data_chunk.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => vis.clone(),
-            None => Bitmap::ones(data_chunk.capacity()),
-        };
-        let c = PrimitiveArray::<T>::from_iter_bitmap(
-            std::iter::repeat_with(|| (self.func)()).take(data_chunk.capacity()),
-            bitmap,
-        );
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, _row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let output_scalar = (self.func)();
-        let output_datum = Some(output_scalar.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct UnaryExpression<F, T, A> {
-    child: BoxedExpression,
-    return_type: DataType,
-    func: F,
-    _marker: PhantomData<(A, T)>,
-}
-
-impl<F, A, T> fmt::Debug for UnaryExpression<F, A, T> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("UnaryExpression")
-            .field("child", &self.child)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, A, T> UnaryExpression<F, A, T>
-where
-    F: Fn(A) -> T + Send + Sync,
-    A: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<A>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    pub fn new(child: BoxedExpression, return_type: DataType, func: F) -> Self {
-        UnaryExpression {
-            child,
-            return_type,
-            func,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<F, A, T> Expression for UnaryExpression<F, A, T>
-where
-    F: Fn(A) -> T + Send + Sync,
-    A: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<A>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let child = self.child.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-
-        let bitmap = match data_chunk.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => vis & child.null_bitmap(),
-            None => child.null_bitmap().clone(),
-        };
-        let a: &PrimitiveArray<A> = (&*child).into();
-        let c = PrimitiveArray::<T>::from_iter_bitmap(a.raw_iter().map(|a| (self.func)(a)), bitmap);
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let datum = self.child.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let scalar = datum
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let output_scalar = scalar.map(&self.func);
-        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct BinaryExpression<F, A, B, T> {
-    left: BoxedExpression,
-    right: BoxedExpression,
-    return_type: DataType,
-    func: F,
-    _marker: PhantomData<(A, B, T)>,
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B, T> fmt::Debug for BinaryExpression<F, A, B, T> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("BinaryExpression")
-            .field("left", &self.left)
-            .field("right", &self.right)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B, T> BinaryExpression<F, A, B, T>
-where
-    F: Fn(A, B) -> T + Send + Sync,
-    A: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    B: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<A>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<B>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    pub fn new(
-        left: BoxedExpression,
-        right: BoxedExpression,
-        return_type: DataType,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> Self {
-        BinaryExpression {
-            left,
-            right,
-            return_type,
-            func,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<F, A, B, T> Expression for BinaryExpression<F, A, B, T>
-where
-    F: Fn(A, B) -> T + Send + Sync,
-    A: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    B: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    T: PrimitiveArrayItemType,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<A>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a PrimitiveArray<B>: From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left = self.left.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let right = self.right.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        assert_eq!(left.len(), right.len());
-
-        let mut bitmap = match data_chunk.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => vis.clone(),
-            None => Bitmap::ones(data_chunk.capacity()),
-        };
-        bitmap &= left.null_bitmap();
-        bitmap &= right.null_bitmap();
-        let a: &PrimitiveArray<A> = (&*left).into();
-        let b: &PrimitiveArray<B> = (&*right).into();
-        let c = PrimitiveArray::<T>::from_iter_bitmap(
-            a.raw_iter()
-                .zip(b.raw_iter())
-                .map(|(a, b)| (self.func)(a, b)),
-            bitmap,
-        );
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let datum1 = self.left.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let datum2 = self.right.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let scalar1 = datum1
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-        let scalar2 = datum2
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let output_scalar = match (scalar1, scalar2) {
-            (Some(l), Some(r)) => Some((self.func)(l, r)),
-            _ => None,
-        };
-        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-// Basically the same as `BinaryExpression`, but output the `BoolArray`.
-pub struct CompareExpression<F, A, B> {
-    left: BoxedExpression,
-    right: BoxedExpression,
-    func: F,
-    _marker: PhantomData<(A, B)>,
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B> fmt::Debug for CompareExpression<F, A, B> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("CompareExpression")
-            .field("left", &self.left)
-            .field("right", &self.right)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B> CompareExpression<F, A, B>
-where
-    F: Fn(A::RefItem<'_>, B::RefItem<'_>) -> bool + Send + Sync,
-    A: Array,
-    B: Array,
-    for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a B: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    pub fn new(left: BoxedExpression, right: BoxedExpression, func: F) -> Self {
-        CompareExpression {
-            left,
-            right,
-            func,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<F, A, B> Expression for CompareExpression<F, A, B>
-where
-    F: Fn(A::RefItem<'_>, B::RefItem<'_>) -> bool + Send + Sync,
-    A: Array,
-    B: Array,
-    for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a B: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left = self.left.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let right = self.right.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        assert_eq!(left.len(), right.len());
-
-        let mut bitmap = match data_chunk.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => vis.clone(),
-            None => Bitmap::ones(data_chunk.capacity()),
-        };
-        bitmap &= left.null_bitmap();
-        bitmap &= right.null_bitmap();
-        let a: &A = (&*left).into();
-        let b: &B = (&*right).into();
-        let c = BoolArray::new(
-            a.raw_iter()
-                .zip(b.raw_iter())
-                .map(|(a, b)| (self.func)(a, b))
-                .collect(),
-            bitmap,
-        );
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let datum1 = self.left.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let datum2 = self.right.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let scalar1 = datum1
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-        let scalar2 = datum2
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let output_scalar = match (scalar1, scalar2) {
-            (Some(l), Some(r)) => Some((self.func)(l, r)),
-            _ => None,
-        };
-        let output_datum = output_scalar.map(|s| s.to_scalar_value());
-        Ok(output_datum)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct IsDistinctFromExpression<F, A, B> {
-    left: BoxedExpression,
-    right: BoxedExpression,
-    ne: F,
-    not: bool,
-    _marker: PhantomData<(A, B)>,
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B> fmt::Debug for IsDistinctFromExpression<F, A, B> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("IsDistinctFromExpression")
-            .field("left", &self.left)
-            .field("right", &self.right)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F, A, B> IsDistinctFromExpression<F, A, B>
-where
-    F: Fn(A::RefItem<'_>, B::RefItem<'_>) -> bool + Send + Sync,
-    A: Array,
-    B: Array,
-    for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a B: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new(left: BoxedExpression, right: BoxedExpression, ne: F, not: bool) -> Self {
-        IsDistinctFromExpression {
-            left,
-            right,
-            ne,
-            not,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<F, A, B> Expression for IsDistinctFromExpression<F, A, B>
-where
-    F: Fn(A::RefItem<'_>, B::RefItem<'_>) -> bool + Send + Sync,
-    A: Array,
-    B: Array,
-    for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-    for<'a> &'a B: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-{
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        DataType::Boolean
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> crate::Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left = self.left.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let right = self.right.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        assert_eq!(left.len(), right.len());
-
-        let a: &A = (&*left).into();
-        let b: &B = (&*right).into();
-
-        let mut data: Bitmap = a
-            .raw_iter()
-            .zip(b.raw_iter())
-            .map(|(a, b)| (self.ne)(a, b))
-            .collect();
-        data &= left.null_bitmap();
-        data &= right.null_bitmap();
-        data |= left.null_bitmap() ^ right.null_bitmap();
-        if self.not {
-            data = !data;
-        }
-        let c = BoolArray::new(data, Bitmap::ones(a.len()));
-        Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, row: &OwnedRow) -> crate::Result<Datum> {
-        let datum1 = self.left.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let datum2 = self.right.eval_row(row).await?;
-        let scalar1 = datum1
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-        let scalar2 = datum2
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
-
-        let output_scalar = match (scalar1, scalar2) {
-            (Some(l), Some(r)) => (self.ne)(l, r),
-            (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => true,
-            (None, None) => false,
-        } ^ self.not;
-        Ok(Some(output_scalar.to_scalar_value()))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f9e4b1951988a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use super::*;
+
+/// An empty table function that returns nothing.
+pub fn empty(return_type: DataType) -> BoxedTableFunction {
+    Empty { return_type }.boxed()
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Empty {
+    return_type: DataType,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl TableFunction for Empty {
+    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        self.return_type.clone()
+    }
+
+    async fn eval<'a>(&'a self, _input: &'a DataChunk) -> BoxStream<'a, Result<DataChunk>> {
+        futures_util::stream::empty().boxed()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
index bf89463adbbdd..2ca3f28513b46 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use super::{ExprError, Result};
 use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
 use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 
+mod empty;
 mod generate_series;
 mod generate_subscripts;
 mod jsonb;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ mod repeat;
 mod unnest;
 mod user_defined;
 
+pub use self::empty::*;
 pub use self::repeat::*;
 use self::user_defined::*;
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
index 961bbf2adb6e7..4e3b104354008 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::expr::expr_regexp::RegexpContext;
+use crate::vector_op::regexp::RegexpContext;
 use crate::ExprError;
 
 #[function(
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs
index 40cc1719a207c..904e5d4a9f193 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use super::*;
 
 #[function(
     "unnest(list) -> setof any",
-    type_infer = "|args| Ok(args[0].unnest_list())"
+    type_infer = "|args| Ok(args[0].unnest_list().clone())"
 )]
 fn unnest(list: ListRef<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>> {
     list.flatten().into_iter()
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9da29b7eef3ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
+use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, ScalarRef, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use crate::expr::Context;
+
+/// Concatenates the two arrays.
+///
+/// Examples:
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// # concat
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[66], array[123]);
+/// ----
+/// {66,123}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[66], null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// {66}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[], array[123]);
+/// ----
+/// {123}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[], null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// # append
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[array[66]], array[233]);
+/// ----
+/// {{66},{233}}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[array[66]], null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// {{66}}
+///
+/// # different from PG
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[][], array[233]);
+/// ----
+/// {{233}}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[][], null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// # prepend
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[233], array[array[66]]);
+/// ----
+/// {{233},{66}}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[], array[array[66]]);
+/// ----
+/// {{66}}
+///
+/// # different from PG
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(array[233], null::int[][]);
+/// ----
+/// {{233}}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_cat(null::int[], null::int[][]);
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+/// ```
+#[function("array_cat(list, list) -> list")]
+fn array_cat(
+    left: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
+    right: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
+    ctx: &Context,
+) -> Option<ListValue> {
+    let elems: Vec<Datum> = if ctx.arg_types[0] == ctx.arg_types[1] {
+        // array || array
+        let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (left, right) else {
+            return left.or(right).map(|list| list.to_owned_scalar());
+        };
+        left.iter()
+            .chain(right.iter())
+            .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
+            .collect()
+    } else if ctx.arg_types[0].as_list() == &ctx.arg_types[1] {
+        // array[] || array
+        let Some(right) = right else {
+            return left.map(|left| left.to_owned_scalar());
+        };
+        left.iter()
+            .flat_map(|list| list.iter())
+            .chain([Some(right.into())])
+            .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
+            .collect()
+    } else if &ctx.arg_types[0] == ctx.arg_types[1].as_list() {
+        // array || array[]
+        let Some(left) = left else {
+            return right.map(|right| right.to_owned_scalar());
+        };
+        std::iter::once(Some(left.into()))
+            .chain(right.iter().flat_map(|list| list.iter()))
+            .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
+            .collect()
+    } else {
+        unreachable!()
+    };
+    Some(ListValue::new(elems))
+}
+
+/// Appends a value as the back element of an array.
+/// The behavior is the same as PG.
+///
+/// Examples:
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// query T
+/// select array_append(array[66], 123);
+/// ----
+/// {66,123}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_append(array[66], null::int);
+/// ----
+/// {66,NULL}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_append(null::int[], 233);
+/// ----
+/// {233}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_append(null::int[], null::int);
+/// ----
+/// {NULL}
+/// ```
+#[function("array_append(list, *) -> list")]
+fn array_append<'a>(
+    left: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
+    right: Option<impl Into<ScalarRefImpl<'a>>>,
+) -> ListValue {
+    ListValue::new(
+        left.iter()
+            .flat_map(|list| list.iter())
+            .chain(std::iter::once(right.map(Into::into)))
+            .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
+            .collect(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Prepends a value as the front element of an array.
+/// The behavior is the same as PG.
+///
+/// Examples:
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// query T
+/// select array_prepend(123, array[66]);
+/// ----
+/// {123,66}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_prepend(null::int, array[66]);
+/// ----
+/// {NULL,66}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_prepend(233, null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// {233}
+///
+/// query T
+/// select array_prepend(null::int, null::int[]);
+/// ----
+/// {NULL}
+/// ```
+#[function("array_prepend(*, list) -> list")]
+fn array_prepend<'a>(
+    left: Option<impl Into<ScalarRefImpl<'a>>>,
+    right: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
+) -> ListValue {
+    ListValue::new(
+        std::iter::once(left.map(Into::into))
+            .chain(right.iter().flat_map(|list| list.iter()))
+            .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
+            .collect(),
+    )
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs
index e0f7267403196..736341198186f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
@@ -185,8 +187,6 @@ fn array_length_of_dim(array: ListRef<'_>, d: i32) -> Result<Option<i32>, ExprEr
 /// select array_dims(array[array[]::int[]]); -- would be `[1:1][1:0]` after multidimensional support
 /// ```
 #[function("array_dims(list) -> varchar")]
-fn array_dims(array: ListRef<'_>, writer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) -> Result<(), ExprError> {
-    let upper = array.len();
-    write!(writer, "[1:{}]", upper).unwrap();
-    Ok(())
+fn array_dims(array: ListRef<'_>, writer: &mut impl Write) {
+    write!(writer, "[1:{}]", array.len()).unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_to_string.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs
similarity index 58%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_to_string.rs
rename to src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs
index 914e010abf1e7..8dee164a56cf5 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_to_string.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs
@@ -17,32 +17,10 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ToText};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
+use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
-use super::template::{BinaryBytesExpression, TernaryBytesExpression};
-use super::{BoxedExpression, Result};
-
-#[build_function("array_to_string(list, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_array_to_string(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let list = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let delimiter = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let elem_type = match list.return_type() {
-        DataType::List(datatype) => datatype.unnest_list(),
-        _ => panic!("expected list type"),
-    };
-    let expr = BinaryBytesExpression::<ListArray, Utf8Array, _>::new(
-        list,
-        delimiter,
-        return_type,
-        move |a, d, writer| Ok(array_to_string(a, &elem_type, d, writer)),
-    );
-    Ok(Box::new(expr))
-}
+use crate::expr::Context;
 
 /// Converts each array element to its text representation, and concatenates those
 /// separated by the delimiter string. If `null_string` is given and is not NULL,
@@ -104,12 +82,9 @@ fn build_array_to_string(
 /// ----
 /// one,*,three,four
 /// ```
-fn array_to_string(
-    array: ListRef<'_>,
-    element_data_type: &DataType,
-    delimiter: &str,
-    mut writer: &mut dyn Write,
-) {
+#[function("array_to_string(list, varchar) -> varchar")]
+fn array_to_string(array: ListRef<'_>, delimiter: &str, ctx: &Context, writer: &mut impl Write) {
+    let element_data_type = ctx.arg_types[0].unnest_list();
     let mut first = true;
     for element in array.flatten() {
         let Some(element) = element else { continue };
@@ -118,42 +93,19 @@ fn array_to_string(
         } else {
             first = false;
         }
-        element
-            .write_with_type(element_data_type, &mut writer)
-            .unwrap();
+        element.write_with_type(element_data_type, writer).unwrap();
     }
 }
 
-#[build_function("array_to_string(list, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-fn build_array_to_string_with_null(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-    let list = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let delimiter = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let null_string = iter.next().unwrap();
-    let elem_type = match list.return_type() {
-        DataType::List(datatype) => datatype.unnest_list(),
-        _ => panic!("expected list type"),
-    };
-    let expr = TernaryBytesExpression::<ListArray, Utf8Array, Utf8Array, _>::new(
-        list,
-        delimiter,
-        null_string,
-        return_type,
-        move |a, d, n, writer| Ok(array_to_string_with_null(a, &elem_type, d, n, writer)),
-    );
-    Ok(Box::new(expr))
-}
-
+#[function("array_to_string(list, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 fn array_to_string_with_null(
     array: ListRef<'_>,
-    element_data_type: &DataType,
     delimiter: &str,
     null_string: &str,
-    mut writer: &mut dyn Write,
+    ctx: &Context,
+    writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) {
+    let element_data_type = ctx.arg_types[0].unnest_list();
     let mut first = true;
     for element in array.flatten() {
         if !first {
@@ -162,7 +114,7 @@ fn array_to_string_with_null(
             first = false;
         }
         match element {
-            Some(s) => s.write_with_type(element_data_type, &mut writer).unwrap(),
+            Some(s) => s.write_with_type(element_data_type, writer).unwrap(),
             None => write!(writer, "{}", null_string).unwrap(),
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs
index f17754396022a..e1a5f593cf4a9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs
@@ -17,23 +17,20 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use futures_util::FutureExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    ListArray, ListRef, ListValue, StructArray, StructRef, StructValue, Utf8Array,
-};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue, StructRef, StructValue};
 use risingwave_common::cast::{
     parse_naive_date, parse_naive_datetime, parse_naive_time, str_to_bytea as str_to_bytea_common,
 };
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{
-    DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, IntoOrdered, JsonbRef, ScalarImpl, StructType, Time,
-    Timestamp, Timestamptz, ToText, F32, F64,
+    DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, IntoOrdered, JsonbRef, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp,
+    Timestamptz, ToText, F32, F64,
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
 
-use crate::expr::template::UnaryExpression;
-use crate::expr::{build_func, BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression};
+use crate::expr::{build_func, Context, Expression, InputRefExpression};
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// String literals for bool type.
@@ -217,25 +214,22 @@ pub fn int32_to_bool(input: i32) -> Result<bool> {
 #[function("cast(jsonb) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(bytea) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(list) -> varchar")]
-pub fn general_to_text(elem: impl ToText, mut writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn general_to_text(elem: impl ToText, mut writer: &mut impl Write) {
     elem.write(&mut writer).unwrap();
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[function("cast(boolean) -> varchar")]
-pub fn bool_to_varchar(input: bool, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn bool_to_varchar(input: bool, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer
         .write_str(if input { "true" } else { "false" })
         .unwrap();
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// `bool_out` is different from `general_to_string<bool>` to produce a single char. `PostgreSQL`
 /// uses different variants of bool-to-string in different situations.
 #[function("bool_out(boolean) -> varchar")]
-pub fn bool_out(input: bool, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn bool_out(input: bool, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(if input { "t" } else { "f" }).unwrap();
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> bytea")]
@@ -320,27 +314,11 @@ fn unnest(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<&str>> {
     Ok(items)
 }
 
-#[build_function("cast(varchar) -> list")]
-fn build_cast_str_to_list(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let elem_type = match &return_type {
-        DataType::List(datatype) => (**datatype).clone(),
-        _ => panic!("expected list type"),
-    };
-    let child = children.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-    Ok(Box::new(UnaryExpression::<Utf8Array, ListArray, _>::new(
-        child,
-        return_type,
-        move |x| str_to_list(x, &elem_type),
-    )))
-}
-
-fn str_to_list(input: &str, target_elem_type: &DataType) -> Result<ListValue> {
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> list")]
+fn str_to_list(input: &str, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let cast = build_func(
         PbType::Cast,
-        target_elem_type.clone(),
+        ctx.return_type.as_list().clone(),
         vec![InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Varchar, 0).boxed()],
     )
     .unwrap();
@@ -355,37 +333,13 @@ fn str_to_list(input: &str, target_elem_type: &DataType) -> Result<ListValue> {
     Ok(ListValue::new(values))
 }
 
-#[build_function("cast(list) -> list")]
-fn build_cast_list_to_list(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let child = children.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-    let source_elem_type = match child.return_type() {
-        DataType::List(datatype) => (*datatype).clone(),
-        _ => panic!("expected list type"),
-    };
-    let target_elem_type = match &return_type {
-        DataType::List(datatype) => (**datatype).clone(),
-        _ => panic!("expected list type"),
-    };
-    Ok(Box::new(UnaryExpression::<ListArray, ListArray, _>::new(
-        child,
-        return_type,
-        move |x| list_cast(x, &source_elem_type, &target_elem_type),
-    )))
-}
-
 /// Cast array with `source_elem_type` into array with `target_elem_type` by casting each element.
-fn list_cast(
-    input: ListRef<'_>,
-    source_elem_type: &DataType,
-    target_elem_type: &DataType,
-) -> Result<ListValue> {
+#[function("cast(list) -> list")]
+fn list_cast(input: ListRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let cast = build_func(
         PbType::Cast,
-        target_elem_type.clone(),
-        vec![InputRefExpression::new(source_elem_type.clone(), 0).boxed()],
+        ctx.return_type.as_list().clone(),
+        vec![InputRefExpression::new(ctx.arg_types[0].as_list().clone(), 0).boxed()],
     )
     .unwrap();
     let elements = input.iter();
@@ -400,30 +354,12 @@ fn list_cast(
     Ok(ListValue::new(values))
 }
 
-#[build_function("cast(struct) -> struct")]
-fn build_cast_struct_to_struct(
-    return_type: DataType,
-    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let child = children.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-    let source_elem_type = child.return_type().as_struct().clone();
-    let target_elem_type = return_type.as_struct().clone();
-    Ok(Box::new(
-        UnaryExpression::<StructArray, StructArray, _>::new(child, return_type, move |x| {
-            struct_cast(x, &source_elem_type, &target_elem_type)
-        }),
-    ))
-}
-
 /// Cast struct of `source_elem_type` to `target_elem_type` by casting each element.
-fn struct_cast(
-    input: StructRef<'_>,
-    source_elem_type: &StructType,
-    target_elem_type: &StructType,
-) -> Result<StructValue> {
+#[function("cast(struct) -> struct")]
+fn struct_cast(input: StructRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<StructValue> {
     let fields = (input.iter_fields_ref())
-        .zip_eq_fast(source_elem_type.types())
-        .zip_eq_fast(target_elem_type.types())
+        .zip_eq_fast(ctx.arg_types[0].as_struct().types())
+        .zip_eq_fast(ctx.return_type.as_struct().types())
         .map(|((datum_ref, source_field_type), target_field_type)| {
             if source_field_type == target_field_type {
                 return Ok(datum_ref.map(|scalar_ref| scalar_ref.into_scalar_impl()));
@@ -450,7 +386,7 @@ fn struct_cast(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
-    use risingwave_common::types::Scalar;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{Scalar, StructType};
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -469,7 +405,7 @@ mod tests {
         macro_rules! test {
             ($fn:ident($value:expr), $right:literal) => {
                 let mut writer = String::new();
-                $fn($value, &mut writer).unwrap();
+                $fn($value, &mut writer);
                 assert_eq!(writer, $right);
             };
         }
@@ -548,10 +484,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_str_to_list() {
         // Empty List
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_list("{}", &DataType::Int32).unwrap(),
-            ListValue::new(vec![])
-        );
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("int[]").unwrap(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(str_to_list("{}", &ctx).unwrap(), ListValue::new(vec![]));
 
         let list123 = ListValue::new(vec![
             Some(1.to_scalar_value()),
@@ -560,14 +497,19 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
 
         // Single List
-        assert_eq!(str_to_list("{1, 2, 3}", &DataType::Int32).unwrap(), list123);
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("int[]").unwrap(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(str_to_list("{1, 2, 3}", &ctx).unwrap(), list123);
 
         // Nested List
         let nested_list123 = ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::List(list123))]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}}", &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int32))).unwrap(),
-            nested_list123
-        );
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("int[][]").unwrap(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}}", &ctx).unwrap(), nested_list123);
 
         let nested_list445566 = ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
             Some(44.to_scalar_value()),
@@ -581,24 +523,27 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
 
         // Double nested List
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("int[][][]").unwrap(),
+        };
         assert_eq!(
-            str_to_list(
-                "{{{1, 2, 3}}, {{44, 55, 66}}}",
-                &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int32))))
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
+            str_to_list("{{{1, 2, 3}}, {{44, 55, 66}}}", &ctx).unwrap(),
             double_nested_list123_445566
         );
 
         // Cast previous double nested lists to double nested varchar lists
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::from_str("int[][]").unwrap()],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("varchar[][]").unwrap(),
+        };
         let double_nested_varchar_list123_445566 = ListValue::new(vec![
             Some(ScalarImpl::List(
                 list_cast(
                     ListRef::ValueRef {
                         val: &nested_list123,
                     },
-                    &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int32)),
-                    &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)),
+                    &ctx,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
             )),
@@ -607,20 +552,19 @@ mod tests {
                     ListRef::ValueRef {
                         val: &nested_list445566,
                     },
-                    &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Int32)),
-                    &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)),
+                    &ctx,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
             )),
         ]);
 
         // Double nested Varchar List
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("varchar[][][]").unwrap(),
+        };
         assert_eq!(
-            str_to_list(
-                "{{{1, 2, 3}}, {{44, 55, 66}}}",
-                &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar))))
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
+            str_to_list("{{{1, 2, 3}}, {{44, 55, 66}}}", &ctx).unwrap(),
             double_nested_varchar_list123_445566
         );
     }
@@ -628,14 +572,28 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_invalid_str_to_list() {
         // Unbalanced input
-        assert!(str_to_list("{{}", &DataType::Int32).is_err());
-        assert!(str_to_list("{}}", &DataType::Int32).is_err());
-        assert!(str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}", &DataType::Int32).is_err());
-        assert!(str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}, 4, 5, 6}}", &DataType::Int32).is_err());
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Varchar],
+            return_type: DataType::from_str("int[]").unwrap(),
+        };
+        assert!(str_to_list("{{}", &ctx).is_err());
+        assert!(str_to_list("{}}", &ctx).is_err());
+        assert!(str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}", &ctx).is_err());
+        assert!(str_to_list("{{1, 2, 3}, 4, 5, 6}}", &ctx).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_struct_cast() {
+        let ctx = Context {
+            arg_types: vec![DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                ("a", DataType::Varchar),
+                ("b", DataType::Float32),
+            ]))],
+            return_type: DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                ("a", DataType::Int32),
+                ("b", DataType::Int32),
+            ])),
+        };
         assert_eq!(
             struct_cast(
                 StructValue::new(vec![
@@ -643,8 +601,7 @@ mod tests {
                     Some(F32::from(0.0).to_scalar_value()),
                 ])
                 .as_scalar_ref(),
-                &StructType::new(vec![("a", DataType::Varchar), ("b", DataType::Float32),]),
-                &StructType::new(vec![("a", DataType::Int32), ("b", DataType::Int32),])
+                &ctx,
             )
             .unwrap(),
             StructValue::new(vec![
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs
index 701f43db2041f..fdeca576b267f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{Array, BoolArray};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
+#[function("equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_eq")]
 #[function("equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ where
     l.into() == r.into()
 }
 
+#[function("not_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_ne")]
 #[function("not_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -72,6 +74,10 @@ where
     l.into() != r.into()
 }
 
+#[function(
+    "greater_than_or_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
+    batch_fn = "boolarray_ge"
+)]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ where
     l.into() >= r.into()
 }
 
+#[function("greater_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_gt")]
 #[function("greater_than(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -126,6 +133,10 @@ where
     l.into() > r.into()
 }
 
+#[function(
+    "less_than_or_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
+    batch_fn = "boolarray_le"
+)]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -153,6 +164,7 @@ where
     l.into() <= r.into()
 }
 
+#[function("less_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_lt")]
 #[function("less_than(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -180,6 +192,10 @@ where
     l.into() < r.into()
 }
 
+#[function(
+    "is_distinct_from(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
+    batch_fn = "boolarray_is_distinct_from"
+)]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -207,6 +223,10 @@ where
     l.map(Into::into) != r.map(Into::into)
 }
 
+#[function(
+    "is_not_distinct_from(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
+    batch_fn = "boolarray_is_not_distinct_from"
+)]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
@@ -234,60 +254,6 @@ where
     l.map(Into::into) == r.map(Into::into)
 }
 
-#[function("equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_eq")]
-pub fn boolean_eq(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l == r
-}
-
-#[function("not_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_ne")]
-pub fn boolean_ne(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l != r
-}
-
-#[function(
-    "greater_than_or_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
-    batch_fn = "boolarray_ge"
-)]
-pub fn boolean_ge(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l >= r
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::bool_comparison)]
-#[function("greater_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_gt")]
-pub fn boolean_gt(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l > r
-}
-
-#[function(
-    "less_than_or_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
-    batch_fn = "boolarray_le"
-)]
-pub fn boolean_le(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l <= r
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::bool_comparison)]
-#[function("less_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_lt")]
-pub fn boolean_lt(l: bool, r: bool) -> bool {
-    l < r
-}
-
-#[function(
-    "is_distinct_from(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
-    batch_fn = "boolarray_is_distinct_from"
-)]
-pub fn boolean_is_distinct_from(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> bool {
-    l != r
-}
-
-#[function(
-    "is_not_distinct_from(boolean, boolean) -> boolean",
-    batch_fn = "boolarray_is_not_distinct_from"
-)]
-pub fn boolean_is_not_distinct_from(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> bool {
-    l == r
-}
-
 #[function("is_true(boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_is_true")]
 pub fn is_true(v: Option<bool>) -> bool {
     v == Some(true)
@@ -311,6 +277,16 @@ pub fn is_not_false(v: Option<bool>) -> bool {
     v != Some(false)
 }
 
+#[function("is_null(*) -> boolean", batch_fn = "batch_is_null")]
+fn is_null<T>(v: Option<T>) -> bool {
+    v.is_none()
+}
+
+#[function("is_not_null(*) -> boolean", batch_fn = "batch_is_not_null")]
+fn is_not_null<T>(v: Option<T>) -> bool {
+    v.is_some()
+}
+
 // optimized functions for bool arrays
 
 fn boolarray_eq(l: &BoolArray, r: &BoolArray) -> BoolArray {
@@ -377,6 +353,14 @@ fn boolarray_is_not_false(a: &BoolArray) -> BoolArray {
     BoolArray::new(a.data() | !a.null_bitmap(), Bitmap::ones(a.len()))
 }
 
+fn batch_is_null(a: &impl Array) -> BoolArray {
+    BoolArray::new(!a.null_bitmap(), Bitmap::ones(a.len()))
+}
+
+fn batch_is_not_null(a: &impl Array) -> BoolArray {
+    BoolArray::new(a.null_bitmap().clone(), Bitmap::ones(a.len()))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs
index b6d362538a51f..ddd6e2513e272 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("concat_op(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn concat_op(left: &str, right: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn concat_op(left: &str, right: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(left).unwrap();
     writer.write_str(right).unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs
index 7ea9d27e4778a..a7e2b60b67b71 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const PARSE_BASE64_ALPHABET_DECODE_TABLE: [u8; 123] = [
 ];
 
 #[function("encode(bytea, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn encode(data: &[u8], format: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn encode(data: &[u8], format: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     match format {
         "base64" => {
             encode_bytes_base64(data, writer)?;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ pub fn decode(data: &str, format: &str) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
 
 // According to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-binarystring.html#ENCODE-FORMAT-BASE64
 // We need to split newlines when the output length is greater than or equal to 76
-fn encode_bytes_base64(data: &[u8], writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+fn encode_bytes_base64(data: &[u8], writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     let mut idx: usize = 0;
     let len = data.len();
     let mut written = 0;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ fn next(idx: &mut usize, data: &[u8]) -> Option<u8> {
 // According to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-binarystring.html#ENCODE-FORMAT-ESCAPE
 // The escape format converts \0 and bytes with the high bit set into octal escape sequences (\nnn).
 // And doubles backslashes.
-fn encode_bytes_escape(data: &[u8], writer: &mut dyn Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+fn encode_bytes_escape(data: &[u8], writer: &mut impl Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
     for b in data {
         match b {
             b'\0' | (b'\x80'..=b'\xff') => {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..61ffe4485b301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use risingwave_common::types::JsonbRef;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+#[function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, varchar) -> jsonb")]
+pub fn jsonb_object_field<'a>(v: JsonbRef<'a>, p: &str) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>> {
+    v.access_object_field(p)
+}
+
+#[function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, int32) -> jsonb")]
+pub fn jsonb_array_element(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: i32) -> Option<JsonbRef<'_>> {
+    let idx = if p < 0 {
+        let Ok(len) = v.array_len() else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        if ((-p) as usize) > len {
+            return None;
+        } else {
+            len - ((-p) as usize)
+        }
+    } else {
+        p as usize
+    };
+    v.access_array_element(idx)
+}
+
+#[function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, varchar) -> varchar")]
+pub fn jsonb_object_field_str(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Option<()> {
+    let jsonb = jsonb_object_field(v, p)?;
+    if jsonb.is_jsonb_null() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    jsonb.force_str(writer).unwrap();
+    Some(())
+}
+
+#[function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, int32) -> varchar")]
+pub fn jsonb_array_element_str(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Option<()> {
+    let jsonb = jsonb_array_element(v, p)?;
+    if jsonb.is_jsonb_null() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    jsonb.force_str(writer).unwrap();
+    Some(())
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs
index 5523e120d5fb1..9a7c6930aeab9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 #[function("jsonb_typeof(jsonb) -> varchar")]
-pub fn jsonb_typeof(v: JsonbRef<'_>, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn jsonb_typeof(v: JsonbRef<'_>, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(v.type_name()).unwrap()
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs
index c76de5b129c27..1098d2539f204 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("lower(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn lower(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn lower(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for c in s.chars() {
         writer.write_char(c.to_ascii_lowercase()).unwrap();
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs
index 177b43ae4196b..a5f9bc268120f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("md5(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn md5(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn md5(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "{:x}", ::md5::compute(s)).unwrap();
 }
 
 #[function("md5(bytea) -> varchar")]
-pub fn md5_from_bytea(s: &[u8], writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn md5_from_bytea(s: &[u8], writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer
         .write_str(&::hex::encode(::md5::compute(s).0))
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
index ae88452b8ea7a..aa0f99a505d68 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 pub mod arithmetic_op;
 pub mod array_access;
+pub mod array_concat;
 pub mod array_distinct;
 pub mod array_length;
 pub mod array_min_max;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ pub mod array_range_access;
 pub mod array_remove;
 pub mod array_replace;
 pub mod array_sort;
+pub mod array_to_string;
 pub mod ascii;
 pub mod bitwise_op;
 pub mod cardinality;
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ pub mod exp;
 pub mod extract;
 pub mod format_type;
 pub mod int256;
+pub mod jsonb_access;
 pub mod jsonb_info;
 pub mod length;
 pub mod like;
@@ -42,6 +45,8 @@ pub mod lower;
 pub mod md5;
 pub mod overlay;
 pub mod position;
+pub mod proctime;
+pub mod regexp;
 pub mod repeat;
 pub mod replace;
 pub mod round;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs
index 79501a52f2d0e..de957846db9e9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 /// αβ💯δεζ
 /// ```
 #[function("overlay(varchar, varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn overlay(s: &str, new_sub_str: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn overlay(s: &str, new_sub_str: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     let sub_len = new_sub_str
         .chars()
         .count()
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub fn overlay_for(
     new_sub_str: &str,
     start: i32,
     count: i32,
-    writer: &mut dyn Write,
+    writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     if start <= 0 {
         return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f0ad130cd6d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
+use risingwave_common::util::epoch;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+
+/// Get the processing time in Timestamptz scalar from the task-local epoch.
+#[function("proctime() -> timestamptz")]
+fn proctime() -> Result<Timestamptz> {
+    let epoch = epoch::task_local::curr_epoch().ok_or(ExprError::Context)?;
+    Ok(epoch.as_timestamptz())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
+    use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, EpochPair};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_proctime() {
+        let curr_epoch = Epoch::now();
+        let epoch = EpochPair {
+            curr: curr_epoch.0,
+            prev: 0,
+        };
+
+        let proctime = epoch::task_local::scope(epoch, async { proctime().unwrap() }).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            proctime,
+            Timestamptz::from_millis(curr_epoch.as_unix_millis() as i64).unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fef488b23afb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Regular expression functions.
+
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
+use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RegexpContext {
+    pub regex: Regex,
+    pub global: bool,
+    pub replacement: String,
+}
+
+impl RegexpContext {
+    fn new(pattern: &str, flags: &str, replacement: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let options = RegexpOptions::from_str(flags)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            regex: RegexBuilder::new(pattern)
+                .case_insensitive(options.case_insensitive)
+                .build()?,
+            global: options.global,
+            replacement: make_replacement(replacement),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_pattern(pattern: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::new(pattern, "", "")
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_pattern_flags(pattern: &str, flags: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::new(pattern, flags, "")
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_pattern_flags_for_count(pattern: &str, flags: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        if flags.contains('g') {
+            bail!("regexp_count() does not support the global option");
+        }
+        Self::new(pattern, flags, "")
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_pattern_replacement(pattern: &str, replacement: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::new(pattern, "", replacement)
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_pattern_replacement_flags(
+        pattern: &str,
+        replacement: &str,
+        flags: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::new(pattern, flags, replacement)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Construct the regex used to match and replace `\n` expression.
+/// <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/struct.Captures.html#method.expand>
+///
+/// ```text
+/// \& -> ${0}
+/// \1 -> ${1}
+/// ...
+/// \9 -> ${9}
+/// ```
+fn make_replacement(s: &str) -> String {
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+    let mut ret = String::with_capacity(s.len());
+    let mut chars = s.chars();
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        if c != '\\' {
+            ret.push(c);
+            continue;
+        }
+        match chars.next() {
+            Some('&') => ret.push_str("${0}"),
+            Some(c @ '1'..='9') => write!(&mut ret, "${{{c}}}").unwrap(),
+            Some(c) => write!(ret, "\\{c}").unwrap(),
+            None => ret.push('\\'),
+        }
+    }
+    ret
+}
+
+/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-matching.html#POSIX-EMBEDDED-OPTIONS-TABLE>
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+struct RegexpOptions {
+    /// `c` and `i`
+    case_insensitive: bool,
+    /// `g`
+    global: bool,
+}
+
+impl FromStr for RegexpOptions {
+    type Err = ExprError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut opts = Self::default();
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            match c {
+                // Case sensitive matching here
+                'c' => opts.case_insensitive = false,
+                // Case insensitive matching here
+                'i' => opts.case_insensitive = true,
+                // Global matching here
+                'g' => opts.global = true,
+                _ => {
+                    bail!("invalid regular expression option: \"{c}\"");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(opts)
+    }
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_match(source, pattern)
+    "regexp_match(varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
+)]
+#[function(
+    // regexp_match(source, pattern, flags)
+    "regexp_match(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_flags($1, $2)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_match(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Option<ListValue> {
+    // If there are multiple captures, then the first one is the whole match, and should be
+    // ignored in PostgreSQL's behavior.
+    let skip_first = regex.regex.captures_len() > 1;
+    let capture = regex.regex.captures(text)?;
+    let list = capture
+        .iter()
+        .skip(if skip_first { 1 } else { 0 })
+        .map(|mat| mat.map(|m| m.as_str().into()))
+        .collect();
+    Some(ListValue::new(list))
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_count(source, pattern)
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar) -> int32",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_count_start0(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
+    regexp_count(text, 1, regex)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_count(source, pattern, start)
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int32) -> int32",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
+)]
+#[function(
+    // regexp_count(source, pattern, start, flags)
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int32, varchar) -> int32",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_flags_for_count($1, $3)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_count(text: &str, start: i32, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
+    // First get the start position to count for
+    let start = match start {
+        ..0 => {
+            return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
+                name: "start",
+                reason: start.to_string().into(),
+            })
+        }
+        _ => start as usize - 1,
+    };
+
+    // Find the start byte index considering the unicode
+    let mut start = match text.char_indices().nth(start) {
+        Some((idx, _)) => idx,
+        // The `start` is out of bound
+        None => return Ok(0),
+    };
+
+    let mut count = 0;
+    while let Some(captures) = regex.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+        count += 1;
+        start += captures.get(0).unwrap().end();
+    }
+    Ok(count)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement)
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement($1, $2)?"
+)]
+#[function(
+    // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, flags)
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement_flags($1, $2, $3)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_replace0(text: &str, ctx: &RegexpContext) -> Result<Box<str>> {
+    regexp_replace(text, 1, None, ctx)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start)
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement($1, $2)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_replace_with_start(text: &str, start: i32, ctx: &RegexpContext) -> Result<Box<str>> {
+    regexp_replace(text, start, None, ctx)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start, N)
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32, int32) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement($1, $2)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_replace_with_start_n(
+    text: &str,
+    start: i32,
+    n: i32,
+    ctx: &RegexpContext,
+) -> Result<Box<str>> {
+    regexp_replace(text, start, Some(n), ctx)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start, N, flags)
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32, int32, varchar) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement_flags($1, $2, $5)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_replace_with_start_n_flags(
+    text: &str,
+    start: i32,
+    n: i32,
+    ctx: &RegexpContext,
+) -> Result<Box<str>> {
+    regexp_replace(text, start, Some(n), ctx)
+}
+
+// regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement [, start [, N ]] [, flags ])
+fn regexp_replace(
+    text: &str,
+    start: i32,
+    n: Option<i32>, // `None` if not specified
+    ctx: &RegexpContext,
+) -> Result<Box<str>> {
+    // The start position to begin the search
+    let start = match start {
+        ..0 => {
+            return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
+                name: "start",
+                reason: start.to_string().into(),
+            })
+        }
+        _ => start as usize - 1,
+    };
+
+    // This is because the source text may contain unicode
+    let start = match text.char_indices().nth(start) {
+        Some((idx, _)) => idx,
+        // With no match
+        None => return Ok(text.into()),
+    };
+
+    if n.is_none() && ctx.global || n == Some(0) {
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------
+        // `-g` enabled (& `N` is not specified) or `N` is `0`          |
+        // We need to replace all the occurrence of the matched pattern |
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        // See if there is capture group or not
+        if ctx.regex.captures_len() <= 1 {
+            // There is no capture groups in the regex
+            // Just replace all matched patterns after `start`
+            Ok(format!(
+                "{}{}",
+                &text[..start],
+                ctx.regex.replace_all(&text[start..], &ctx.replacement)
+            )
+            .into())
+        } else {
+            // The position to start searching for replacement
+            let mut search_start = start;
+
+            // Construct the return string
+            let mut ret = text[..search_start].to_string();
+
+            // Begin the actual replace logic
+            while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
+                let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
+                let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
+
+                if match_start == match_end {
+                    // If this is an empty match
+                    search_start += 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Append the portion of the text from `search_start` to `match_start`
+                ret.push_str(&text[search_start..search_start + match_start]);
+
+                // Start to replacing
+                // Note that the result will be written directly to `ret` buffer
+                capture.expand(&ctx.replacement, &mut ret);
+
+                // Update the `search_start`
+                search_start += match_end;
+            }
+
+            // Push the rest of the text to return string
+            ret.push_str(&text[search_start..]);
+
+            Ok(ret.into())
+        }
+    } else {
+        // -------------------------------------------------
+        // Only replace the first matched pattern          |
+        // Or the N-th matched pattern if `N` is specified |
+        // -------------------------------------------------
+
+        // Construct the return string
+        let mut ret = if start > 1 {
+            text[..start].to_string()
+        } else {
+            "".to_string()
+        };
+
+        // See if there is capture group or not
+        if ctx.regex.captures_len() <= 1 {
+            // There is no capture groups in the regex
+            if let Some(n) = n {
+                // Replace only the N-th match
+                let mut count = 1;
+                // The absolute index for the start of searching
+                let mut search_start = start;
+                while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
+                    // Get the current start & end index
+                    let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
+                    let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
+
+                    if count == n {
+                        // We've reached the pattern to replace
+                        // Let's construct the return string
+                        ret = format!(
+                            "{}{}{}",
+                            &text[..search_start + match_start],
+                            &ctx.replacement,
+                            &text[search_start + match_end..]
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // Update the counter
+                    count += 1;
+
+                    // Update `start`
+                    search_start += match_end;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // `N` is not specified
+                ret.push_str(&ctx.regex.replacen(&text[start..], 1, &ctx.replacement));
+            }
+        } else {
+            // There are capture groups in the regex
+            // Reset return string at the beginning
+            ret = "".to_string();
+            if let Some(n) = n {
+                // Replace only the N-th match
+                let mut count = 1;
+                while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+                    if count == n {
+                        // We've reached the pattern to replace
+                        let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
+                        let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
+
+                        // Get the replaced string and expand it
+                        capture.expand(&ctx.replacement, &mut ret);
+
+                        // Construct the return string
+                        ret = format!(
+                            "{}{}{}",
+                            &text[..start + match_start],
+                            ret,
+                            &text[start + match_end..]
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    // Update the counter
+                    count += 1;
+                }
+
+                // If there is no match, just return the original string
+                if ret.is_empty() {
+                    ret = text.into();
+                }
+            } else {
+                // `N` is not specified
+                if ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]).is_none() {
+                    // No match
+                    return Ok(text.into());
+                }
+                // Otherwise replace the source text
+                if let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+                    let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
+                    let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
+
+                    // Get the replaced string and expand it
+                    capture.expand(&ctx.replacement, &mut ret);
+
+                    // Construct the return string
+                    ret = format!(
+                        "{}{}{}",
+                        &text[..start + match_start],
+                        ret,
+                        &text[start + match_end..]
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ret.into())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs
index b46076b8eeefd..cff9ca7ab71bc 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("repeat(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn repeat(s: &str, count: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn repeat(s: &str, count: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for _ in 0..count {
         writer.write_str(s).unwrap();
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs
index 02eeefdc8490e..d60f1baab3ecd 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("replace(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn replace(s: &str, from_str: &str, to_str: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn replace(s: &str, from_str: &str, to_str: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     if from_str.is_empty() {
         writer.write_str(s).unwrap();
         return;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs
index b332e5a1fb7bb..94e00a7aeb8a8 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs
@@ -16,31 +16,29 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use sha1::{Digest, Sha1};
 use sha2::{Sha224, Sha256, Sha384, Sha512};
 
-use crate::Result;
-
 #[function("sha1(bytea) -> bytea")]
-pub fn sha1(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    Ok(Sha1::digest(data).to_vec().into())
+pub fn sha1(data: &[u8]) -> impl AsRef<[u8]> {
+    Sha1::digest(data)
 }
 
 #[function("sha224(bytea) -> bytea")]
-pub fn sha224(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    Ok(Sha224::digest(data).to_vec().into())
+pub fn sha224(data: &[u8]) -> impl AsRef<[u8]> {
+    Sha224::digest(data)
 }
 
 #[function("sha256(bytea) -> bytea")]
-pub fn sha256(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    Ok(Sha256::digest(data).to_vec().into())
+pub fn sha256(data: &[u8]) -> impl AsRef<[u8]> {
+    Sha256::digest(data)
 }
 
 #[function("sha384(bytea) -> bytea")]
-pub fn sha384(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    Ok(Sha384::digest(data).to_vec().into())
+pub fn sha384(data: &[u8]) -> impl AsRef<[u8]> {
+    Sha384::digest(data)
 }
 
 #[function("sha512(bytea) -> bytea")]
-pub fn sha512(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    Ok(Sha512::digest(data).to_vec().into())
+pub fn sha512(data: &[u8]) -> impl AsRef<[u8]> {
+    Sha512::digest(data)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -54,9 +52,8 @@ mod tests {
         )];
 
         for (ori, encoded) in cases {
-            let t = sha1(ori).unwrap();
-            let slice: &[u8] = &t;
-            assert_eq!(slice, encoded);
+            let t = sha1(ori);
+            assert_eq!(t.as_ref(), encoded);
         }
     }
 
@@ -67,9 +64,8 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         for (ori, encoded) in cases {
-            let t = sha224(ori).unwrap();
-            let slice: &[u8] = &t;
-            assert_eq!(slice, encoded);
+            let t = sha224(ori);
+            assert_eq!(t.as_ref(), encoded);
         }
     }
 
@@ -80,9 +76,8 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         for (ori, encoded) in cases {
-            let t = sha256(ori).unwrap();
-            let slice: &[u8] = &t;
-            assert_eq!(slice, encoded);
+            let t = sha256(ori);
+            assert_eq!(t.as_ref(), encoded);
         }
     }
 
@@ -93,9 +88,8 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         for (ori, encoded) in cases {
-            let t = sha384(ori).unwrap();
-            let slice: &[u8] = &t;
-            assert_eq!(slice, encoded);
+            let t = sha384(ori);
+            assert_eq!(t.as_ref(), encoded);
         }
     }
 
@@ -106,9 +100,8 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         for (ori, encoded) in cases {
-            let t = sha512(ori).unwrap();
-            let slice: &[u8] = &t;
-            assert_eq!(slice, encoded);
+            let t = sha512(ori);
+            assert_eq!(t.as_ref(), encoded);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs
index 72782c65ba1e8..ac0805e206911 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn split_part(
     string_expr: &str,
     delimiter_expr: &str,
     nth_expr: i32,
-    writer: &mut dyn Write,
+    writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     if nth_expr == 0 {
         return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs
index edff1207db89a..fac2d91c27198 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 /// A
 /// ```
 #[function("chr(int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn chr(code: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn chr(code: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     if let Some(c) = std::char::from_u32(code as u32) {
         write!(writer, "{}", c).unwrap();
     }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub fn starts_with(s: &str, prefix: &str) -> bool {
 /// The Quick Brown Fox
 /// ```
 #[function("initcap(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn initcap(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn initcap(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let mut capitalize_next = true;
     for c in s.chars() {
         if capitalize_next {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn initcap(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// abc
 /// ```
 #[function("lpad(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn lpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn lpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     lpad_fill(s, length, " ", writer);
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ pub fn lpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// hi
 /// ```
 #[function("lpad(varchar, int32, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn lpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn lpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let s_len = s.chars().count();
     let fill_len = fill.chars().count();
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ pub fn lpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// abc
 /// ```
 #[function("rpad(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn rpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn rpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     rpad_fill(s, length, " ", writer);
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ pub fn rpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// hi
 /// ```
 #[function("rpad(varchar, int32, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn rpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn rpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let s_len = s.chars().count();
     let fill_len = fill.chars().count();
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ pub fn rpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// fedcba
 /// ```
 #[function("reverse(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn reverse(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn reverse(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for c in s.chars().rev() {
         write!(writer, "{}", c).unwrap();
     }
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ pub fn reverse(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// Karel
 /// ```
 #[function("to_ascii(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn to_ascii(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn to_ascii(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for c in s.chars() {
         let ascii = match c {
             'Á' | 'À' | 'Â' | 'Ã' => 'A',
@@ -320,12 +320,12 @@ pub fn to_ascii(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// 8000000000000000
 /// ```
 #[function("to_hex(int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn to_hex_i32(n: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn to_hex_i32(n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "{:x}", n).unwrap();
 }
 
 #[function("to_hex(int64) -> varchar")]
-pub fn to_hex_i64(n: i64, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn to_hex_i64(n: i64, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "{:x}", n).unwrap();
 }
 
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ pub fn to_hex_i64(n: i64, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// select
 /// ```
 #[function("quote_ident(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn quote_ident(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn quote_ident(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let needs_quotes = s.chars().any(|c| !matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | '0'..='9' | '_'));
     if !needs_quotes {
         write!(writer, "{}", s).unwrap();
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ pub fn quote_ident(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// (empty)
 /// ```
 #[function("left(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn left(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn left(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let n = if n >= 0 {
         n as usize
     } else {
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ pub fn left(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// (empty)
 /// ```
 #[function("right(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn right(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn right(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let skip = if n >= 0 {
         s.chars().count().saturating_sub(n as usize)
     } else {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs
index c811d98fe71a4..3f24ce76fd04a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 #[function("substr(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn substr_start(s: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn substr_start(s: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     let skip = start.saturating_sub(1).max(0) as usize;
 
     let substr = s.chars().skip(skip);
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn substr_start(s: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
 }
 
 #[function("substr(varchar, int32, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn substr_start_for(s: &str, start: i32, count: i32, writer: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn substr_start_for(s: &str, start: i32, count: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     if count < 0 {
         return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
             name: "length",
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs
index 716a521f742e4..e745e39a13be0 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn timestamp_at_time_zone(input: Timestamp, time_zone: &str) -> Result<Times
 pub fn timestamptz_to_string(
     elem: Timestamptz,
     time_zone: &str,
-    writer: &mut dyn Write,
+    writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let time_zone = Timestamptz::lookup_time_zone(time_zone).map_err(time_zone_err)?;
     let instant_local = elem.to_datetime_in_zone(time_zone);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs
index 9c275640ff666..ae98d74c44dbc 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use aho_corasick::{AhoCorasick, AhoCorasickBuilder};
 use chrono::format::StrftimeItems;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
 
 use super::timestamptz::time_zone_err;
-use crate::Result;
+use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 type Pattern<'a> = Vec<chrono::format::Item<'a>>;
 
@@ -40,96 +42,105 @@ impl Debug for ChronoPattern {
     }
 }
 
-/// Compile the pg pattern to chrono pattern.
-// TODO: Chrono can not fully support the pg format, so consider using other implementations later.
-pub fn compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl: &str) -> ChronoPattern {
-    // mapping from pg pattern to chrono pattern
-    // pg pattern: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-formatting.html
-    // chrono pattern: https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html
-    const PATTERNS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
-        ("HH24", "%H"),
-        ("hh24", "%H"),
-        ("HH12", "%I"),
-        ("hh12", "%I"),
-        ("HH", "%I"),
-        ("hh", "%I"),
-        ("AM", "%p"),
-        ("PM", "%p"),
-        ("am", "%P"),
-        ("pm", "%P"),
-        ("MI", "%M"),
-        ("mi", "%M"),
-        ("SS", "%S"),
-        ("ss", "%S"),
-        ("YYYY", "%Y"),
-        ("yyyy", "%Y"),
-        ("YY", "%y"),
-        ("yy", "%y"),
-        ("IYYY", "%G"),
-        ("iyyy", "%G"),
-        ("IY", "%g"),
-        ("iy", "%g"),
-        ("MM", "%m"),
-        ("mm", "%m"),
-        ("Month", "%B"),
-        ("Mon", "%b"),
-        ("DD", "%d"),
-        ("dd", "%d"),
-        ("US", "%6f"),
-        ("us", "%6f"),
-        ("MS", "%3f"),
-        ("ms", "%3f"),
-        ("TZH:TZM", "%:z"),
-        ("tzh:tzm", "%:z"),
-        ("TZHTZM", "%z"),
-        ("tzhtzm", "%z"),
-        ("TZH", "%#z"),
-        ("tzh", "%#z"),
-    ];
-    // build an Aho-Corasick automaton for fast matching
-    static AC: LazyLock<AhoCorasick> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-        AhoCorasickBuilder::new()
-            .ascii_case_insensitive(false)
-            .match_kind(aho_corasick::MatchKind::LeftmostLongest)
-            .build(PATTERNS.iter().map(|(k, _)| k))
-            .expect("failed to build an Aho-Corasick automaton")
-    });
+impl ChronoPattern {
+    /// Compile the pg pattern to chrono pattern.
+    // TODO: Chrono can not fully support the pg format, so consider using other implementations
+    // later.
+    pub fn compile(tmpl: &str) -> ChronoPattern {
+        // mapping from pg pattern to chrono pattern
+        // pg pattern: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-formatting.html
+        // chrono pattern: https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html
+        const PATTERNS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+            ("HH24", "%H"),
+            ("hh24", "%H"),
+            ("HH12", "%I"),
+            ("hh12", "%I"),
+            ("HH", "%I"),
+            ("hh", "%I"),
+            ("AM", "%p"),
+            ("PM", "%p"),
+            ("am", "%P"),
+            ("pm", "%P"),
+            ("MI", "%M"),
+            ("mi", "%M"),
+            ("SS", "%S"),
+            ("ss", "%S"),
+            ("YYYY", "%Y"),
+            ("yyyy", "%Y"),
+            ("YY", "%y"),
+            ("yy", "%y"),
+            ("IYYY", "%G"),
+            ("iyyy", "%G"),
+            ("IY", "%g"),
+            ("iy", "%g"),
+            ("MM", "%m"),
+            ("mm", "%m"),
+            ("Month", "%B"),
+            ("Mon", "%b"),
+            ("DD", "%d"),
+            ("dd", "%d"),
+            ("US", "%6f"),
+            ("us", "%6f"),
+            ("MS", "%3f"),
+            ("ms", "%3f"),
+            ("TZH:TZM", "%:z"),
+            ("tzh:tzm", "%:z"),
+            ("TZHTZM", "%z"),
+            ("tzhtzm", "%z"),
+            ("TZH", "%#z"),
+            ("tzh", "%#z"),
+        ];
+        // build an Aho-Corasick automaton for fast matching
+        static AC: LazyLock<AhoCorasick> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+            AhoCorasickBuilder::new()
+                .ascii_case_insensitive(false)
+                .match_kind(aho_corasick::MatchKind::LeftmostLongest)
+                .build(PATTERNS.iter().map(|(k, _)| k))
+                .expect("failed to build an Aho-Corasick automaton")
+        });
 
-    // replace all pg patterns with chrono patterns
-    let mut chrono_tmpl = String::new();
-    AC.replace_all_with(tmpl, &mut chrono_tmpl, |mat, _, dst| {
-        dst.push_str(PATTERNS[mat.pattern()].1);
-        true
-    });
-    tracing::debug!(tmpl, chrono_tmpl, "compile_pattern_to_chrono");
-    ChronoPattern::new(chrono_tmpl, |tmpl| {
-        StrftimeItems::new(tmpl).collect::<Vec<_>>()
-    })
+        // replace all pg patterns with chrono patterns
+        let mut chrono_tmpl = String::new();
+        AC.replace_all_with(tmpl, &mut chrono_tmpl, |mat, _, dst| {
+            dst.push_str(PATTERNS[mat.pattern()].1);
+            true
+        });
+        tracing::debug!(tmpl, chrono_tmpl, "compile_pattern_to_chrono");
+        ChronoPattern::new(chrono_tmpl, |tmpl| {
+            StrftimeItems::new(tmpl).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        })
+    }
 }
 
-// #[function("to_char(timestamp, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn to_char_timestamp(data: Timestamp, tmpl: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
-    let pattern = compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl);
+#[function(
+    "to_char(timestamp, varchar) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "ChronoPattern::compile($1)"
+)]
+fn timestamp_to_char(data: Timestamp, pattern: &ChronoPattern, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let format = data.0.format_with_items(pattern.borrow_dependent().iter());
     write!(writer, "{}", format).unwrap();
 }
 
-// #[function("to_char(timestamptz, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn to_char_timestamptz(
-    data: Timestamptz,
-    tmpl: &str,
-    zone: &str,
-    writer: &mut dyn Write,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let pattern = compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl);
-    to_char_timestamptz_const_tmpl(data, &pattern, zone, writer)
+// Only to register this signature to function signature map.
+#[build_function("to_char(timestamptz, varchar) -> varchar")]
+fn timestamptz_to_char(
+    _return_type: DataType,
+    _children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
+        "to_char(timestamptz, varchar) should have been rewritten to include timezone".into(),
+    ))
 }
 
-pub fn to_char_timestamptz_const_tmpl(
+#[function(
+    "to_char(timestamptz, varchar, varchar) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "ChronoPattern::compile($1)"
+)]
+fn timestamptz_to_char3(
     data: Timestamptz,
-    tmpl: &ChronoPattern,
     zone: &str,
-    writer: &mut dyn Write,
+    tmpl: &ChronoPattern,
+    writer: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let format = data
         .to_datetime_in_zone(Timestamptz::lookup_time_zone(zone).map_err(time_zone_err)?)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs
index 43c3c14d5fee3..75b0496c04e1d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs
@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use chrono::format::Parsed;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Date, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
 
-// use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use super::timestamptz::{timestamp_at_time_zone, timestamptz_at_time_zone};
-use super::to_char::{compile_pattern_to_chrono, ChronoPattern};
-use crate::Result;
+use super::to_char::ChronoPattern;
+use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Parse the input string with the given chrono pattern.
 #[inline(always)]
@@ -66,8 +67,12 @@ fn parse(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Parsed> {
     Ok(parsed)
 }
 
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn to_timestamp_const_tmpl_legacy(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Timestamp> {
+#[function(
+    "to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamp",
+    prebuild = "ChronoPattern::compile($1)",
+    deprecated
+)]
+pub fn to_timestamp_legacy(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Timestamp> {
     let parsed = parse(s, tmpl)?;
     match parsed.offset {
         None => Ok(parsed.to_naive_datetime_with_offset(0)?.into()),
@@ -77,12 +82,11 @@ pub fn to_timestamp_const_tmpl_legacy(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<T
     }
 }
 
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn to_timestamp_const_tmpl(
-    s: &str,
-    tmpl: &ChronoPattern,
-    timezone: &str,
-) -> Result<Timestamptz> {
+#[function(
+    "to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz",
+    prebuild = "ChronoPattern::compile($1)"
+)]
+pub fn to_timestamp(s: &str, timezone: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Timestamptz> {
     let parsed = parse(s, tmpl)?;
     Ok(match parsed.offset {
         Some(_) => parsed.to_datetime()?.into(),
@@ -91,8 +95,19 @@ pub fn to_timestamp_const_tmpl(
     })
 }
 
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn to_date_const_tmpl(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Date> {
+// Only to register this signature to function signature map.
+#[build_function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz")]
+fn build_dummy(_return_type: DataType, _children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
+        "to_timestamp should have been rewritten to include timezone".into(),
+    ))
+}
+
+#[function(
+    "char_to_date(varchar, varchar) -> date",
+    prebuild = "ChronoPattern::compile($1)"
+)]
+pub fn to_date(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Date> {
     let mut parsed = parse(s, tmpl)?;
     if let Some(year) = &mut parsed.year && *year < 0 {
         *year += 1;
@@ -100,30 +115,12 @@ pub fn to_date_const_tmpl(s: &str, tmpl: &ChronoPattern) -> Result<Date> {
     Ok(parsed.to_naive_date()?.into())
 }
 
-// #[function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar) -> timestamp")]
-pub fn to_timestamp_legacy(s: &str, tmpl: &str) -> Result<Timestamp> {
-    let pattern = compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl);
-    to_timestamp_const_tmpl_legacy(s, &pattern)
-}
-
-// #[function("to_timestamp1(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> timestamptz")]
-pub fn to_timestamp(s: &str, tmpl: &str, timezone: &str) -> Result<Timestamptz> {
-    let pattern = compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl);
-    to_timestamp_const_tmpl(s, &pattern, timezone)
-}
-
-// #[function("to_date(varchar, varchar) -> date")]
-pub fn to_date(s: &str, tmpl: &str) -> Result<Date> {
-    let pattern = compile_pattern_to_chrono(tmpl);
-    to_date_const_tmpl(s, &pattern)
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_to_timestamp_legacy() {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_timestamp_legacy() {
         // This legacy expr can no longer be build by frontend, so we test its backward compatible
         // behavior in unit tests rather than e2e slt.
         for (input, format, expected) in [
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ mod tests {
                 "2020-02-03 09:34:56",
             ),
         ] {
-            let actual = to_timestamp_legacy(input, format).unwrap();
+            let actual = to_timestamp_legacy(input, &ChronoPattern::compile(format)).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(actual.to_string(), expected);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs
index 8dcec75307946..37c69561abad8 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("translate(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn translate(s: &str, match_str: &str, replace_str: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn translate(s: &str, match_str: &str, replace_str: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let mut char_map = HashMap::new();
     let mut match_chars = match_str.chars();
     let mut replace_chars = replace_str.chars();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs
index 754d90650f69c..b601e4c8e1b9f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("trim(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(s.trim()).unwrap();
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// are actually different when the string is in right-to-left languages like Arabic or Hebrew.
 /// Since we would like to simplify the implementation, currently we omit this case.
 #[function("ltrim(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn ltrim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn ltrim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(s.trim_start()).unwrap();
 }
 
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ pub fn ltrim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 /// are actually different when the string is in right-to-left languages like Arabic or Hebrew.
 /// Since we would like to simplify the implementation, currently we omit this case.
 #[function("rtrim(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn rtrim(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn rtrim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(s.trim_end()).unwrap();
 }
 
 #[function("trim(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn trim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn trim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let pattern = |c| characters.chars().any(|ch| ch == c);
     // We remark that feeding a &str and a slice of chars into trim_left/right_matches
     // means different, one is matching with the entire string and the other one is matching
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ pub fn trim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
 }
 
 #[function("ltrim(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn ltrim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn ltrim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let pattern = |c| characters.chars().any(|ch| ch == c);
     writer.write_str(s.trim_start_matches(pattern)).unwrap();
 }
 
 #[function("rtrim(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn rtrim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn rtrim_characters(s: &str, characters: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let pattern = |c| characters.chars().any(|ch| ch == c);
     writer.write_str(s.trim_end_matches(pattern)).unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs
index 45cf51ce9e327..70e6fe36d287e 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
 #[function("upper(varchar) -> varchar")]
-pub fn upper(s: &str, writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+pub fn upper(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for c in s.chars() {
         writer.write_char(c.to_ascii_uppercase()).unwrap();
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index 771d7a1c6406d..d8e3d17c54653 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools as _;
 use num_integer::Integer as _;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, ScalarImpl, StructType};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, StructType};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 pub use risingwave_expr::sig::func::*;
 
@@ -418,60 +418,13 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
         }
         ExprType::RegexpMatch => {
             ensure_arity!("regexp_match", 2 <= | inputs | <= 3);
-            if inputs.len() == 3 {
-                match &inputs[2] {
-                    ExprImpl::Literal(flag) => {
-                        match flag.get_data() {
-                            Some(flag) => {
-                                let ScalarImpl::Utf8(flag) = flag else {
-                                    return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                                        "flag in regexp_match must be a literal string".to_string(),
-                                    )
-                                    .into());
-                                };
-                                for c in flag.chars() {
-                                    if c == 'g' {
-                                        return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
-                                            "regexp_match() does not support the \"global\" option. Use the regexp_matches function instead."
-                                                .to_string(),
-                                        )
-                                        .into());
-                                    }
-                                    if !"ic".contains(c) {
-                                        return Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
-                                            format!("invalid regular expression option: \"{c}\""),
-                                            None.into(),
-                                        )
-                                        .into());
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            None => {
-                                // flag is NULL. Will return NULL.
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                            "flag in regexp_match must be a literal string".to_string(),
-                        )
-                        .into())
-                    }
-                }
+            inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
+            inputs[1].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
+            if let Some(flags) = inputs.get_mut(2) {
+                flags.cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
             }
             Ok(Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar))))
         }
-        ExprType::RegexpReplace => {
-            // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement [, start [, N ]] [, flags ])
-            // TODO: Preprocessing?
-            ensure_arity!("regexp_replace", 3 <= | inputs | <= 6);
-            Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
-        }
-        ExprType::RegexpCount => {
-            // TODO: Preprocessing?
-            ensure_arity!("regexp_count", 2 <= | inputs | <= 4);
-            Ok(Some(DataType::Int32))
-        }
         ExprType::ArrayCat => {
             ensure_arity!("array_cat", | inputs | == 2);
             let left_type = (!inputs[0].is_untyped()).then(|| inputs[0].return_type());
@@ -646,10 +599,6 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
             ensure_arity!("vnode", 1 <= | inputs |);
             Ok(Some(DataType::Int16))
         }
-        ExprType::Proctime => {
-            ensure_arity!("proctime", | inputs | == 0);
-            Ok(Some(DataType::Timestamptz))
-        }
         _ => Ok(None),
     }
 }

From 857a20e7d72b83f020a5f945e83e1ee484190c1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 21:52:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 041/430] feat(meta): expose hummock pinned versions and
 snapshots via rw_catalog (#12285)

---
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs         |  2 +
 .../catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs  |  4 ++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots.rs | 49 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_versions.rs  | 49 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs               | 36 ++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs                |  8 +++
 6 files changed, 148 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_versions.rs

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
index 5d4a785bd4513..2793351a8e532 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -403,6 +403,8 @@ prepare_sys_catalog! {
     { BuiltinCatalog::View(&RW_RELATIONS) },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_COLUMNS), read_rw_columns_info },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_TYPES), read_rw_types },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_VERSIONS), read_hummock_pinned_versions await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_SNAPSHOTS), read_hummock_pinned_snapshots await },
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
index 943f1e5d69ae7..4c5b79cd1de55 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ mod rw_databases;
 mod rw_ddl_progress;
 mod rw_fragments;
 mod rw_functions;
+mod rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots;
+mod rw_hummock_pinned_versions;
 mod rw_indexes;
 mod rw_materialized_views;
 mod rw_meta_snapshot;
@@ -45,6 +47,8 @@ pub use rw_databases::*;
 pub use rw_ddl_progress::*;
 pub use rw_fragments::*;
 pub use rw_functions::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_pinned_versions::*;
 pub use rw_indexes::*;
 pub use rw_materialized_views::*;
 pub use rw_meta_snapshot::*;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8628e2562e698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_SNAPSHOTS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int32, "worker_node_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "min_pinned_snapshot_id"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let pinned_snapshots = self
+            .meta_client
+            .list_hummock_pinned_snapshots()
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|s| {
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(s.0 as i32)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(s.1 as i64)),
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+        Ok(pinned_snapshots)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_versions.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_versions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..87b9804d8a26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_pinned_versions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_VERSIONS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_pinned_versions",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int32, "worker_node_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "min_pinned_version_id"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_pinned_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let pinned_versions = self
+            .meta_client
+            .list_hummock_pinned_versions()
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|s| {
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(s.0 as i32)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(s.1 as i64)),
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+        Ok(pinned_versions)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
index 0ab4fe6d5993b..670cc483a905a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ pub trait FrontendMetaClient: Send + Sync {
     async fn list_ddl_progress(&self) -> Result<Vec<DdlProgress>>;
 
     async fn get_tables(&self, table_ids: &[u32]) -> Result<HashMap<u32, Table>>;
+
+    /// Returns vector of (worker_id, min_pinned_version_id)
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<(u32, u64)>>;
+
+    /// Returns vector of (worker_id, min_pinned_snapshot_id)
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> Result<Vec<(u32, u64)>>;
 }
 
 pub struct FrontendMetaClientImpl(pub MetaClient);
@@ -145,4 +151,34 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for FrontendMetaClientImpl {
         let tables = self.0.get_tables(table_ids).await?;
         Ok(tables)
     }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<(u32, u64)>> {
+        let pinned_versions = self
+            .0
+            .risectl_get_pinned_versions_summary()
+            .await?
+            .summary
+            .unwrap()
+            .pinned_versions;
+        let ret = pinned_versions
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|v| (v.context_id, v.min_pinned_id))
+            .collect();
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> Result<Vec<(u32, u64)>> {
+        let pinned_snapshots = self
+            .0
+            .risectl_get_pinned_snapshots_summary()
+            .await?
+            .summary
+            .unwrap()
+            .pinned_snapshots;
+        let ret = pinned_snapshots
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|s| (s.context_id, s.minimal_pinned_snapshot))
+            .collect();
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index 086c4f0c496e3..1907c243bd05d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -824,6 +824,14 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for MockFrontendMetaClient {
     async fn get_tables(&self, _table_ids: &[u32]) -> RpcResult<HashMap<u32, Table>> {
         Ok(HashMap::new())
     }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_versions(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<(u32, u64)>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<(u32, u64)>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

From d7a65c150ee99475617d03c2728a1102f8d77c4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 09:28:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 042/430] chore(deps): Bump syn from 2.0.32 to 2.0.33 (#12290)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 1069bd493b209..56b77ea58fbc4 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "serde_json",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ checksum = "5fd55a5ba1179988837d24ab4c7cc8ed6efdeff578ede0416b4225a5fca35bd0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ checksum = "bc00ceb34980c03614e35a3a4e218276a0a824e911d07651cd0d858a51e8c0f0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "derive_utils",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ checksum = "cf85d5384815558275789d91d1895d1d9919a6e2534d6144650f036ac65691a6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f34ba9a9bcb8645379e9de8cb3ecfcf4d1c85ba66d90deb3259206fa5aa193b"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2108,7 +2108,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "scratch",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ checksum = "2fa16a70dd58129e4dfffdff535fb1bce66673f7bbeec4a5a1765a504e1ccd84"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2230,7 +2230,7 @@ checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core 0.20.3",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2350,7 +2350,7 @@ checksum = "9abcad25e9720609ccb3dcdb795d845e37d8ce34183330a9f48b03a1a71c8e21"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2526,7 +2526,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2546,7 +2546,7 @@ checksum = "eecf8589574ce9b895052fa12d69af7a233f99e6107f5cb8dd1044f2a17bfdcb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2559,7 +2559,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2896,7 +2896,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -2933,7 +2933,7 @@ checksum = "b0fa992f1656e1707946bbba340ad244f0814009ef8c0118eb7b658395f19a2e"
 dependencies = [
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2945,7 +2945,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2957,7 +2957,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3090,7 +3090,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4513,7 +4513,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "termcolor",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -5009,7 +5009,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5304,7 +5304,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "structmeta",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5509,7 +5509,7 @@ checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5636,7 +5636,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5832,9 +5832,9 @@ checksum = "dc375e1527247fe1a97d8b7156678dfe7c1af2fc075c9a4db3690ecd2a148068"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.66"
+version = "1.0.67"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18fb31db3f9bddb2ea821cde30a9f70117e3f119938b5ee630b7403aa6e2ead9"
+checksum = "3d433d9f1a3e8c1263d9456598b16fec66f4acc9a74dacffd35c7bb09b3a1328"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -5946,7 +5946,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
@@ -7002,7 +7002,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8092,7 +8092,7 @@ checksum = "4eca7ac642d82aa35b60049a6eccb4be6be75e599bd2e9adb5f875a737654af2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8153,7 +8153,7 @@ checksum = "8725e1dfadb3a50f7e5ce0b1a540466f6ed3fe7a0fca2ac2b8b831d31316bd00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8241,7 +8241,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8253,7 +8253,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8291,7 +8291,7 @@ checksum = "91d129178576168c589c9ec973feedf7d3126c01ac2bf08795109aa35b69fb8f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8669,7 +8669,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "structmeta-derive",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8680,7 +8680,7 @@ checksum = "a60bcaff7397072dca0017d1db428e30d5002e00b6847703e2e42005c95fbe00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8721,7 +8721,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8776,9 +8776,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.32"
+version = "2.0.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "239814284fd6f1a4ffe4ca893952cdd93c224b6a1571c9a9eadd670295c0c9e2"
+checksum = "9caece70c63bfba29ec2fed841a09851b14a235c60010fa4de58089b6c025668"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -8880,7 +8880,7 @@ checksum = "49922ecae66cc8a249b77e68d1d0623c1b2c514f0060c27cdc68bd62a1219d35"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9054,7 +9054,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9336,7 +9336,7 @@ checksum = "5f4f31f56159e98206da9efd823404b79b6ef3143b4a7ab76e67b1751b25a4ab"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9702,7 +9702,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -9736,7 +9736,7 @@ checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -10093,7 +10093,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10188,7 +10188,7 @@ checksum = "56097d5b91d711293a42be9289403896b68654625021732067eac7a4ca388a1f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10208,7 +10208,7 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.32",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From 96bca904e265c6c753c779c43ee3b77b1aaf7f95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 03:53:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 043/430] chore(deps): Bump libc from 0.2.147 to 0.2.148
 (#12288)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock             | 4 ++--
 src/common/Cargo.toml  | 2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 56b77ea58fbc4..f062a0bb9c98a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3973,9 +3973,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.147"
+version = "0.2.148"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4668fb0ea861c1df094127ac5f1da3409a82116a4ba74fca2e58ef927159bb3"
+checksum = "9cdc71e17332e86d2e1d38c1f99edcb6288ee11b815fb1a4b049eaa2114d369b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libflate"
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 18cd6c1509cc7..5484b2b88c412 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ libc = "0.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 darwin-libproc = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/darwin-libproc.git", rev = "a502be24bd0971463f5bcbfe035a248d8ba503b7" }
-libc = "0.2.147"
+libc = "0.2.148"
 mach2 = "0.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 1cdaccf3cdba5..6a07f6a990897 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["fs", "mman"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 darwin-libproc = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/darwin-libproc.git", rev = "a502be24bd0971463f5bcbfe035a248d8ba503b7" }
-libc = "0.2.147"
+libc = "0.2.148"
 mach2 = "0.4"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]

From 8e58cb96cb97bdb69849daef1198aeff6cc52f78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 11:57:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 044/430] fix(integration_tests): datagen timestamp and
 timestamptz accordingly (#12239)

---
 integration_tests/datagen/ad_click/ad_click.go       | 4 ++--
 integration_tests/datagen/ad_ctr/ad_ctr.go           | 4 ++--
 integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/nics.go        | 2 +-
 integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/tcp.go         | 2 +-
 integration_tests/datagen/clickstream/clickstream.go | 2 +-
 integration_tests/datagen/delivery/delivery.go       | 2 +-
 integration_tests/datagen/ecommerce/ecommerce.go     | 2 +-
 integration_tests/datagen/gen/generator.go           | 4 +++-
 integration_tests/datagen/twitter/twitter.go         | 4 ++--
 integration_tests/twitter-pulsar/pb/create_mv.sql    | 2 +-
 integration_tests/twitter/pb/create_mv.sql           | 2 +-
 11 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/ad_click/ad_click.go b/integration_tests/datagen/ad_click/ad_click.go
index 9ce71ae3f36bc..27928d3694e26 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/ad_click/ad_click.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/ad_click/ad_click.go
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func (g *adClickGen) Load(ctx context.Context, outCh chan<- sink.SinkRecord) {
 		record := &clickEvent{
 			UserId:              rand.Int63n(100000),
 			AdId:                rand.Int63n(10),
-			ClickTimestamp:      now.Add(time.Duration(rand.Intn(1000)) * time.Millisecond).Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
-			ImpressionTimestamp: now.Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+			ClickTimestamp:      now.Add(time.Duration(rand.Intn(1000)) * time.Millisecond).Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
+			ImpressionTimestamp: now.Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		}
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/ad_ctr/ad_ctr.go b/integration_tests/datagen/ad_ctr/ad_ctr.go
index 1134ce4c1e895..cd3000e33407e 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/ad_ctr/ad_ctr.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/ad_ctr/ad_ctr.go
@@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ func (g *adCtrGen) generate() []sink.SinkRecord {
 		&adImpressionEvent{
 			BidId:               bidId,
 			AdId:                adId,
-			ImpressionTimestamp: time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+			ImpressionTimestamp: time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		},
 	}
 	if g.hasClick(adId) {
 		randomDelay := time.Duration(g.faker.IntRange(1, 10) * int(time.Second))
 		events = append(events, &adClickEvent{
 			BidId:          bidId,
-			ClickTimestamp: time.Now().Add(randomDelay).Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+			ClickTimestamp: time.Now().Add(randomDelay).Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		})
 	}
 	return events
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/nics.go b/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/nics.go
index 6aae95479ec9f..a95be61012115 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/nics.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/nics.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (impl *deviceNicsMonitor) newMetrics(
 		MetricName:  metricName,
 		Aggregation: aggregation,
 		NicName:     "eth" + strconv.Itoa(NicId),
-		ReportTime:  reportTime.Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+		ReportTime:  reportTime.Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		Bandwidth:   maxBandwidth,
 		Value:       float64(value),
 	}
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/tcp.go b/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/tcp.go
index da7ce31d76dd3..f315a7572d4b6 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/tcp.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/cdn_metrics/tcp.go
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func (m *deviceTcpMonitor) newMetrics(metricName string, reportTime time.Time, v
 	return &tcpMetric{
 		DeviceId:   m.deviceId,
 		MetricName: metricName,
-		ReportTime: reportTime.Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+		ReportTime: reportTime.Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		Value:      value,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/clickstream/clickstream.go b/integration_tests/datagen/clickstream/clickstream.go
index c0e9350b3f2b1..201610a299283 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/clickstream/clickstream.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/clickstream/clickstream.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (g *clickStreamGen) generate() sink.SinkRecord {
 		UserId:           fmt.Sprint(userId),
 		TargetId:         string(target) + fmt.Sprint(targetId),
 		TargetType:       string(target),
-		EventTimestamp:   time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+		EventTimestamp:   time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 		BehaviorType:     behavior,
 		ParentTargetType: parentTargetType,
 		ParentTargetId:   parentTargetId,
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/delivery/delivery.go b/integration_tests/datagen/delivery/delivery.go
index 0ca20dd689fea..d8e1133f71497 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/delivery/delivery.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/delivery/delivery.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (g *orderEventGen) Load(ctx context.Context, outCh chan<- sink.SinkRecord)
 			OrderId:        g.seqOrderId,
 			RestaurantId:   rand.Int63n(num_of_restaurants),
 			OrderState:     order_states[rand.Intn(len(order_states))],
-			OrderTimestamp: now.Add(time.Duration(rand.Intn(total_minutes)) * time.Minute).Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+			OrderTimestamp: now.Add(time.Duration(rand.Intn(total_minutes)) * time.Minute).Format(gen.RwTimestampNaiveLayout),
 		}
 		g.seqOrderId++
 		select {
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/ecommerce/ecommerce.go b/integration_tests/datagen/ecommerce/ecommerce.go
index 18520c9b7eb60..34ee31cde6931 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/ecommerce/ecommerce.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/ecommerce/ecommerce.go
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (g *ecommerceGen) KafkaTopics() []string {
 }
 
 func (g *ecommerceGen) generate() []sink.SinkRecord {
-	ts := time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout)
+	ts := time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestampNaiveLayout)
 
 	if g.faker.Bool() && g.seqShipId >= g.seqOrderId {
 		// New order.
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/gen/generator.go b/integration_tests/datagen/gen/generator.go
index d519beec08c35..f84ffe3fcdea4 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/gen/generator.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/gen/generator.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"datagen/sink/postgres"
 	"datagen/sink/pulsar"
 	"datagen/sink/s3"
+	"time"
 
 	"gonum.org/v1/gonum/stat/distuv"
 )
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@ type LoadGenerator interface {
 	Load(ctx context.Context, outCh chan<- sink.SinkRecord)
 }
 
-const RwTimestampLayout = "2006-01-02 15:04:05.07+01:00"
+const RwTimestampNaiveLayout = time.DateTime
+const RwTimestamptzLayout = time.RFC3339
 
 type RandDist interface {
 	// Rand returns a random number ranging from [0, max].
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/twitter/twitter.go b/integration_tests/datagen/twitter/twitter.go
index 06a235aaf7d02..1daf193c36e6f 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/twitter/twitter.go
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/twitter/twitter.go
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func NewTwitterGen() gen.LoadGenerator {
 			endTime, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-01", fmt.Sprintf("%d-01-01", endYear))
 			startTime, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-01", fmt.Sprintf("%d-01-01", startYear))
 			users[id] = &twitterUser{
-				CreatedAt: faker.DateRange(startTime, endTime).Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+				CreatedAt: faker.DateRange(startTime, endTime).Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 				Id:        id,
 				Name:      fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", faker.Name(), faker.Adverb()),
 				UserName:  faker.Username(),
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func (t *twitterGen) generate() twitterEvent {
 	return twitterEvent{
 		Data: tweetData{
 			Id:        id,
-			CreatedAt: time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestampLayout),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().Format(gen.RwTimestamptzLayout),
 			Text:      sentence,
 			Lang:      gofakeit.Language(),
 		},
diff --git a/integration_tests/twitter-pulsar/pb/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/twitter-pulsar/pb/create_mv.sql
index c08722bacdbb3..06d2eb14e4074 100644
--- a/integration_tests/twitter-pulsar/pb/create_mv.sql
+++ b/integration_tests/twitter-pulsar/pb/create_mv.sql
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW hot_hashtags AS WITH tags AS (
     SELECT
         unnest(regexp_matches((data).text, '#\w+', 'g')) AS hashtag,
-        (data).created_at :: timestamp AS created_at
+        (data).created_at :: timestamptz AS created_at
     FROM
         twitter
 )
diff --git a/integration_tests/twitter/pb/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/twitter/pb/create_mv.sql
index c08722bacdbb3..06d2eb14e4074 100644
--- a/integration_tests/twitter/pb/create_mv.sql
+++ b/integration_tests/twitter/pb/create_mv.sql
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW hot_hashtags AS WITH tags AS (
     SELECT
         unnest(regexp_matches((data).text, '#\w+', 'g')) AS hashtag,
-        (data).created_at :: timestamp AS created_at
+        (data).created_at :: timestamptz AS created_at
     FROM
         twitter
 )

From 7a02d12ef2eb771d605013b1af522998db4209b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 13:05:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 045/430] feat(agg): support streaming `bool_and` and `bool_or`
 agg (#11956)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/boolean.slt      |  67 ++++++
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs  |   8 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs     |   2 +-
 src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs   |   4 +-
 src/expr/benches/expr.rs                      |   4 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 120 ++++++++---
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  65 +++++-
 src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs                   |  44 +++-
 src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs | 201 +++++++++++-------
 src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs                 |   6 +-
 src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs                  | 125 +++++++++++
 src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs                   | 125 +++++++++++
 src/expr/src/agg/def.rs                       |  10 +-
 src/expr/src/agg/general.rs                   | 101 +--------
 src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs                       |  34 ++-
 src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs                |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/error.rs                         |   3 +
 src/expr/src/expr/build.rs                    |   1 +
 src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs                       |  20 +-
 src/expr/src/sig/func.rs                      |   1 +
 src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs                       |  13 +-
 src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs            |   1 +
 src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs            |   1 +
 .../src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs    |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs     |   1 +
 .../tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml   |  53 ++---
 .../testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml  |  48 +++--
 .../testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/except.yaml         |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml      |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        |  50 ++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml |  50 ++---
 .../output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml       |  30 +--
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    |  36 ++--
 .../tests/testdata/output/share.yaml          |   4 +-
 .../testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml      |  72 +++----
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml           |  58 ++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml   |  19 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/union.yaml          |   4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  38 +++-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         |  16 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs    |  10 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs  |   6 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs       |   8 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/test_fragmenter.rs        |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs           |  55 -----
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    |  23 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs         |   2 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs     |  79 ++++++-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs     |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs |  20 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           | 137 ++++++------
 src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs  |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs         |  48 ++---
 src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs        |  12 ++
 .../src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs      |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs         |  14 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs         |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs       |  12 +-
 61 files changed, 1253 insertions(+), 660 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/boolean.slt
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/boolean.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/boolean.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..86cf018fda4e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/boolean.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table t (v boolean);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv as select
+    bool_and(v),
+    bool_or(v)
+from t;
+
+query BB
+select * from mv;
+----
+NULL NULL
+
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (true);
+
+# table values: true
+
+query BB
+select * from mv;
+----
+t t
+
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (false);
+
+# table values: true, false
+
+query BB
+select * from mv;
+----
+f t
+
+
+statement ok
+delete from t where v = true;
+
+# table values: false
+
+query BB
+select * from mv;
+----
+f f
+
+
+statement ok
+delete from t;
+
+# table values: empty
+
+query BB
+select * from mv;
+----
+NULL NULL
+
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index 33fe96a71c803..de8cfe14746cf 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ message SimpleAggNode {
   // Only used for stateless simple agg.
   repeated uint32 distribution_key = 2;
   repeated AggCallState agg_call_states = 3;
-  catalog.Table result_table = 4;
+  catalog.Table intermediate_state_table = 4;
   // Whether to optimize for append only stream.
   // It is true when the input is append-only
   bool is_append_only = 5;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ message HashAggNode {
   repeated uint32 group_key = 1;
   repeated expr.AggCall agg_calls = 2;
   repeated AggCallState agg_call_states = 3;
-  catalog.Table result_table = 4;
+  catalog.Table intermediate_state_table = 4;
   // Whether to optimize for append only stream.
   // It is true when the input is append-only
   bool is_append_only = 5;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
index 490bea5c342b3..9b85c2fbdddee 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Filter {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggCall};
     use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_pretty, Expression, LiteralExpression};
 
     use super::*;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ mod tests {
         let condition = LiteralExpression::new(DataType::Boolean, Some(true.into())).boxed();
         let agg = Filter::new(
             condition.into(),
-            build(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
+            build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
         );
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ mod tests {
         let expr = build_from_pretty("(greater_than:boolean $0:int8 5:int8)");
         let agg = Filter::new(
             expr.into(),
-            build(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
+            build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
         );
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ mod tests {
         let expr = build_from_pretty("(equal:boolean $0:int8 null:int8)");
         let agg = Filter::new(
             expr.into(),
-            build(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
+            build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(count:int8 $0:int8)")).unwrap(),
         );
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index 64191efa14dd9..a794823e75636 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use self::projection::Projection;
 
 /// Build an `BoxedAggregateFunction` from `AggCall`.
 pub fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
-    let mut aggregator = agg::build(agg)?;
+    let mut aggregator = agg::build_append_only(agg)?;
 
     if agg.distinct {
         aggregator = Box::new(Distinct::new(aggregator));
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs b/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
index 83112475201a6..cc8e950e42b12 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn visit_stream_node_tables_inner<F>(
             // Aggregation
             NodeBody::HashAgg(node) => {
                 assert_eq!(node.agg_call_states.len(), node.agg_calls.len());
-                always!(node.result_table, "HashAggResult");
+                always!(node.intermediate_state_table, "HashAggState");
                 for (call_idx, state) in node.agg_call_states.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                     match state.inner.as_mut().unwrap() {
                         agg_call_state::Inner::ValueState(_) => {}
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn visit_stream_node_tables_inner<F>(
             }
             NodeBody::SimpleAgg(node) => {
                 assert_eq!(node.agg_call_states.len(), node.agg_calls.len());
-                always!(node.result_table, "SimpleAggResult");
+                always!(node.intermediate_state_table, "SimpleAggState");
                 for (call_idx, state) in node.agg_call_states.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                     match state.inner.as_mut().unwrap() {
                         agg_call_state::Inner::ValueState(_) => {}
diff --git a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs b/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
index 6b6e7c9e41657..7dca801e057d6 100644
--- a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build as build_agg, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::agg_func_sigs;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::func::func_sigs;
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
             println!("todo: {sig:?}");
             continue;
         }
-        let agg = match build_agg(&AggCall {
+        let agg = match build_append_only(&AggCall {
             kind: sig.func,
             args: match sig.inputs_type {
                 [] => AggArgs::None,
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 9dcde3c6ffdc2..6b7d33ac74680 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -421,9 +421,11 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
     /// Generate a descriptor of the aggregate function.
     ///
     /// The types of arguments and return value should not contain wildcard.
+    /// `user_fn` could be either `fn` or `impl`.
+    /// If `build_fn` is true, `user_fn` must be a `fn` that builds the aggregate function.
     pub fn generate_aggregate_descriptor(
         &self,
-        user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr,
+        user_fn: &AggregateFnOrImpl,
         build_fn: bool,
     ) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
         let name = self.name.clone();
@@ -433,12 +435,23 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             args.push(data_type_name(ty));
         }
         let ret = data_type_name(&self.ret);
+        let state_type = match &self.state {
+            Some(ty) if ty != "ref" => data_type_name(ty),
+            _ => data_type_name(&self.ret),
+        };
+        let append_only = match build_fn {
+            false => !user_fn.has_retract(),
+            true => self.append_only,
+        };
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
-        let ctor_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
+        let ctor_name = match append_only {
+            false => format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name()),
+            true => format_ident!("{}_append_only", self.ident_name()),
+        };
         let descriptor_type = quote! { crate::sig::agg::AggFuncSig };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
-            let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
+            let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.as_fn().name);
             quote! { #name }
         } else {
             self.generate_agg_build_fn(user_fn)?
@@ -450,18 +463,20 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 unsafe { crate::sig::agg::_register(#descriptor_type {
                     func: crate::agg::AggKind::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
+                    state_type: #state_type,
                     ret_type: #ret,
                     build: #build_fn,
+                    append_only: #append_only,
                 }) };
             }
         })
     }
 
     /// Generate build function for aggregate function.
-    fn generate_agg_build_fn(&self, user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
+    fn generate_agg_build_fn(&self, user_fn: &AggregateFnOrImpl) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
         let state_type: TokenStream2 = match &self.state {
             Some(state) if state == "ref" => types::ref_type(&self.ret).parse().unwrap(),
-            Some(state) if state != "ref" => state.parse().unwrap(),
+            Some(state) if state != "ref" => types::owned_type(state).parse().unwrap(),
             _ => types::owned_type(&self.ret).parse().unwrap(),
         };
         let let_arrays = self
@@ -503,28 +518,49 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 }
             }
         });
-        let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
         let args = (0..self.args.len()).map(|i| format_ident!("v{i}"));
         let args = quote! { #(#args,)* };
-        let retract = match user_fn.retract {
-            true => quote! { matches!(op, Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete) },
-            false => quote! {},
-        };
-        let check_retract = match user_fn.retract {
-            true => quote! {},
-            false => {
-                let msg = format!("aggregate function {} only supports append", self.name);
-                quote! { assert_eq!(op, Op::Insert, #msg); }
+        let panic_on_retract = {
+            let msg = format!(
+                "attempt to retract on aggregate function {}, but it is append-only",
+                self.name
+            );
+            quote! { assert_eq!(op, Op::Insert, #msg); }
+        };
+        let mut next_state = match user_fn {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(f) => {
+                let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", f.name);
+                match f.retract {
+                    true => {
+                        quote! { #fn_name(state, #args matches!(op, Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete)) }
+                    }
+                    false => quote! {{
+                        #panic_on_retract
+                        #fn_name(state, #args)
+                    }},
+                }
+            }
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(i) => {
+                let retract = match i.retract {
+                    Some(_) => quote! { self.function.retract(state, #args) },
+                    None => panic_on_retract,
+                };
+                quote! {
+                    if matches!(op, Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete) {
+                        #retract
+                    } else {
+                        self.function.accumulate(state, #args)
+                    }
+                }
             }
         };
-        let mut next_state = quote! { #fn_name(state, #args #retract) };
-        next_state = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
+        next_state = match user_fn.accumulate().return_type_kind {
             ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { Some(#next_state) },
             ReturnTypeKind::Option => next_state,
             ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { Some(#next_state?) },
             ReturnTypeKind::ResultOption => quote! { #next_state? },
         };
-        if !user_fn.arg_option {
+        if !user_fn.accumulate().arg_option {
             match self.args.len() {
                 0 => {
                     next_state = quote! {
@@ -535,9 +571,16 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     };
                 }
                 1 => {
-                    let first_state = match &self.init_state {
-                        Some(_) => quote! { unreachable!() },
-                        _ => quote! { Some(v0.into()) },
+                    let first_state = if self.init_state.is_some() {
+                        quote! { unreachable!() }
+                    } else if let Some(s) = &self.state && s == "ref" {
+                        // for min/max/first/last, the state is the first value
+                        quote! { Some(v0) }
+                    } else {
+                        quote! {{
+                            let state = #state_type::default();
+                            #next_state
+                        }}
                     };
                     next_state = quote! {
                         match (state, v0) {
@@ -550,6 +593,32 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 _ => todo!("multiple arguments are not supported for non-option function"),
             }
         }
+        let get_result = match user_fn {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(impl_) if impl_.finalize.is_some() => {
+                quote! {
+                    let state = match state {
+                        Some(s) => s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap(),
+                        None => return Ok(None),
+                    };
+                    Ok(Some(self.function.finalize(state).into()))
+                }
+            }
+            _ => quote! { Ok(state.clone()) },
+        };
+        let function_field = match user_fn {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(_) => quote! {},
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(i) => {
+                let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", i.struct_name);
+                quote! { function: #struct_name, }
+            }
+        };
+        let function_new = match user_fn {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(_) => quote! {},
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(i) => {
+                let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", i.struct_name);
+                quote! { function: #struct_name::default(), }
+            }
+        };
 
         Ok(quote! {
             |agg| {
@@ -567,6 +636,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 #[derive(Clone)]
                 struct Agg {
                     return_type: DataType,
+                    #function_field
                 }
 
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
@@ -585,7 +655,6 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                             Vis::Bitmap(bitmap) => {
                                 for row_id in bitmap.iter_ones() {
                                     let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #check_retract
                                     #(#let_values)*
                                     state = #next_state;
                                 }
@@ -593,7 +662,6 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                             Vis::Compact(_) => {
                                 for row_id in 0..input.capacity() {
                                     let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #check_retract
                                     #(#let_values)*
                                     state = #next_state;
                                 }
@@ -617,7 +685,6 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                                         break;
                                     }
                                     let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #check_retract
                                     #(#let_values)*
                                     state = #next_state;
                                 }
@@ -625,7 +692,6 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                             Vis::Compact(_) => {
                                 for row_id in range {
                                     let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #check_retract
                                     #(#let_values)*
                                     state = #next_state;
                                 }
@@ -636,12 +702,14 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     }
 
                     async fn get_result(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
-                        Ok(state.as_datum().clone())
+                        let state = state.as_datum();
+                        #get_result
                     }
                 }
 
                 Ok(Box::new(Agg {
                     return_type: agg.return_type.clone(),
+                    #function_new
                 }))
             }
         })
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 0f490b6f18802..82e7c8014220a 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ pub fn build_function(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 pub fn aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     fn inner(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
         let fn_attr: FunctionAttr = syn::parse(attr)?;
-        let user_fn: UserFunctionAttr = syn::parse(item.clone())?;
+        let user_fn: AggregateFnOrImpl = syn::parse(item.clone())?;
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ pub fn aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 pub fn build_aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     fn inner(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
         let fn_attr: FunctionAttr = syn::parse(attr)?;
-        let user_fn: UserFunctionAttr = syn::parse(item.clone())?;
+        let user_fn: AggregateFnOrImpl = syn::parse(item.clone())?;
 
         let mut tokens: TokenStream2 = item.into();
         for attr in fn_attr.expand() {
@@ -437,15 +437,30 @@ pub fn build_aggregate(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 struct FunctionAttr {
+    /// Function name
     name: String,
+    /// Input argument types
     args: Vec<String>,
+    /// Return type
     ret: String,
+    /// Whether it is a table function
     is_table_function: bool,
+    /// Whether it is an append-only aggregate function
+    append_only: bool,
+    /// Optional function for batch evaluation.
     batch_fn: Option<String>,
+    /// State type for aggregate function.
+    /// If not specified, it will be the same as return type.
     state: Option<String>,
+    /// Initial state value for aggregate function.
+    /// If not specified, it will be NULL.
     init_state: Option<String>,
+    /// Prebuild function for arguments.
+    /// This could be any Rust expression.
     prebuild: Option<String>,
+    /// Type inference function.
     type_infer: Option<String>,
+    /// Whether the function is deprecated.
     deprecated: bool,
 }
 
@@ -474,6 +489,52 @@ struct UserFunctionAttr {
     return_type_span: proc_macro2::Span,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct AggregateImpl {
+    struct_name: String,
+    accumulate: UserFunctionAttr,
+    retract: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): add merge to trait
+    merge: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+    finalize: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): support encode
+    encode_state: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): support decode
+    decode_state: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
+enum AggregateFnOrImpl {
+    /// A simple accumulate/retract function.
+    Fn(UserFunctionAttr),
+    /// A full impl block.
+    Impl(AggregateImpl),
+}
+
+impl AggregateFnOrImpl {
+    fn as_fn(&self) -> &UserFunctionAttr {
+        match self {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(attr) => attr,
+            _ => panic!("expect fn"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn accumulate(&self) -> &UserFunctionAttr {
+        match self {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(attr) => attr,
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(impl_) => &impl_.accumulate,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn has_retract(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(fn_) => fn_.retract,
+            AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(impl_) => impl_.retract.is_some(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 enum ReturnTypeKind {
     T,
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
index e45ec20d174fe..dfcd08aafd3f9 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ impl Parse for FunctionAttr {
                 parsed.type_infer = Some(get_value()?);
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("deprecated") {
                 parsed.deprecated = true;
+            } else if meta.path().is_ident("append_only") {
+                parsed.append_only = true;
             } else {
                 return Err(Error::new(
                     meta.span(),
@@ -90,7 +92,12 @@ impl Parse for FunctionAttr {
 impl Parse for UserFunctionAttr {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
         let itemfn: syn::ItemFn = input.parse()?;
-        let sig = &itemfn.sig;
+        Ok(UserFunctionAttr::from(&itemfn.sig))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&syn::Signature> for UserFunctionAttr {
+    fn from(sig: &syn::Signature) -> Self {
         let (return_type_kind, iterator_item_kind, core_return_type) = match &sig.output {
             syn::ReturnType::Default => (ReturnTypeKind::T, None, "()".into()),
             syn::ReturnType::Type(_, ty) => {
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@ impl Parse for UserFunctionAttr {
                 }
             }
         };
-        Ok(UserFunctionAttr {
+        UserFunctionAttr {
             name: sig.ident.to_string(),
             write: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_write),
             context: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_context),
@@ -115,10 +122,43 @@ impl Parse for UserFunctionAttr {
             core_return_type,
             generic: sig.generics.params.len(),
             return_type_span: sig.output.span(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Parse for AggregateImpl {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let itemimpl: syn::ItemImpl = input.parse()?;
+        let parse_function = |name: &str| {
+            itemimpl.items.iter().find_map(|item| match item {
+                syn::ImplItem::Fn(syn::ImplItemFn { sig, .. }) if sig.ident == name => {
+                    Some(UserFunctionAttr::from(sig))
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            })
+        };
+        Ok(AggregateImpl {
+            struct_name: itemimpl.self_ty.to_token_stream().to_string(),
+            accumulate: parse_function("accumulate").expect("expect accumulate function"),
+            retract: parse_function("retract"),
+            merge: parse_function("merge"),
+            finalize: parse_function("finalize"),
+            encode_state: parse_function("encode_state"),
+            decode_state: parse_function("decode_state"),
         })
     }
 }
 
+impl Parse for AggregateFnOrImpl {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        if input.peek(Token![impl]) {
+            Ok(AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(input.parse()?))
+        } else {
+            Ok(AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(input.parse()?))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Check if the argument is `&mut impl Write`.
 fn arg_is_write(arg: &syn::FnArg) -> bool {
     let syn::FnArg::Typed(arg) = arg else {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
index 98eb203015a82..8a78edeb5a415 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Range;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::build_aggregate;
 use self::append_only::AppendOnlyBucket;
 use self::updatable::UpdatableBucket;
 use super::{AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState};
-use crate::Result;
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 mod append_only;
 mod updatable;
@@ -43,19 +42,21 @@ const LOG_COUNT_BITS: u8 = 6;
 const BIAS_CORRECTION: f64 = 0.7213 / (1. + (1.079 / NUM_OF_REGISTERS as f64));
 
 /// Count the approximate number of unique non-null values.
-#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int64")]
-fn build(_agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
-    Ok(Box::new(ApproxCountDistinct::<UpdatableBucket> {
-        _mark: PhantomData,
-    }))
+#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int64", state = "int64")]
+fn build_updatable(_agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
+    Ok(Box::new(UpdatableApproxCountDistinct))
 }
 
-struct ApproxCountDistinct<B: Bucket> {
-    _mark: PhantomData<B>,
+/// Count the approximate number of unique non-null values.
+#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int64", state = "int64[]", append_only)]
+fn build_append_only(_agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
+    Ok(Box::new(AppendOnlyApproxCountDistinct))
 }
 
+struct UpdatableApproxCountDistinct;
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<B: Bucket> AggregateFunction for ApproxCountDistinct<B> {
+impl AggregateFunction for UpdatableApproxCountDistinct {
     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
         DataType::Int64
     }
@@ -95,6 +96,115 @@ impl<B: Bucket> AggregateFunction for ApproxCountDistinct<B> {
         let state = state.downcast_ref::<UpdatableRegisters>();
         Ok(Some(state.calculate_result().into()))
     }
+
+    fn encode_state(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
+        let state = state.downcast_ref::<UpdatableRegisters>();
+        // FIXME: store state of updatable registers properly
+        Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(state.calculate_result())))
+    }
+
+    fn decode_state(&self, datum: Datum) -> Result<AggregateState> {
+        // FIXME: restore state of updatable registers properly
+        let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(initial_count)) = datum else {
+            return Err(ExprError::InvalidState("expect int64".into()));
+        };
+        Ok(AggregateState::Any(Box::new(UpdatableRegisters {
+            initial_count,
+            ..UpdatableRegisters::default()
+        })))
+    }
+}
+
+struct AppendOnlyApproxCountDistinct;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl AggregateFunction for AppendOnlyApproxCountDistinct {
+    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        DataType::Int64
+    }
+
+    fn create_state(&self) -> AggregateState {
+        AggregateState::Any(Box::<AppendOnlyRegisters>::default())
+    }
+
+    async fn update(&self, state: &mut AggregateState, input: &StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        let state = state.downcast_mut::<AppendOnlyRegisters>();
+        for (op, row) in input.rows() {
+            let retract = matches!(op, Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete);
+            if let Some(scalar) = row.datum_at(0) {
+                state.update(scalar, retract)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_range(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut AggregateState,
+        input: &StreamChunk,
+        range: Range<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let state = state.downcast_mut::<AppendOnlyRegisters>();
+        for (op, row) in input.rows_in(range) {
+            let retract = matches!(op, Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete);
+            if let Some(scalar) = row.datum_at(0) {
+                state.update(scalar, retract)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_result(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
+        let state = state.downcast_ref::<AppendOnlyRegisters>();
+        Ok(Some(state.calculate_result().into()))
+    }
+
+    fn encode_state(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
+        let reg = state.downcast_ref::<AppendOnlyRegisters>();
+
+        let buckets = &reg.registers[..];
+        let result_len = (buckets.len() * LOG_COUNT_BITS as usize - 1) / (i64::BITS as usize) + 1;
+        let mut result = vec![0u64; result_len];
+        for (i, bucket_val) in buckets.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (start_idx, begin_bit, post_end_bit) = pos_in_serialized(i);
+            result[start_idx] |= (buckets[i].0 as u64) << begin_bit;
+            if post_end_bit > i64::BITS {
+                result[start_idx + 1] |= (bucket_val.0 as u64) >> (i64::BITS - begin_bit as u32);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(
+            result
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|x| Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(x as i64)))
+                .collect(),
+        ))))
+    }
+
+    fn decode_state(&self, datum: Datum) -> Result<AggregateState> {
+        let scalar = datum.unwrap();
+        let list = scalar.as_list().values();
+        let bucket_num = list.len() * i64::BITS as usize / LOG_COUNT_BITS as usize;
+        let registers = (0..bucket_num)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let (start_idx, begin_bit, post_end_bit) = pos_in_serialized(i);
+                let val = *list[start_idx].as_ref().unwrap().as_int64();
+                let v = if post_end_bit <= i64::BITS {
+                    (val as u64) << (i64::BITS - post_end_bit)
+                        >> (i64::BITS - LOG_COUNT_BITS as u32)
+                } else {
+                    ((val as u64) >> begin_bit)
+                        + (((*list[start_idx + 1].as_ref().unwrap().as_int64() as u64)
+                            & ((1 << (post_end_bit - i64::BITS)) - 1))
+                            << (i64::BITS - begin_bit as u32))
+                };
+                AppendOnlyBucket(v as u8)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(AggregateState::Any(Box::new(AppendOnlyRegisters {
+            registers,
+            initial_count: 0,
+        })))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Approximates the count of non-null rows using a modified version of the `HyperLogLog` algorithm.
@@ -215,75 +325,6 @@ impl<B: Bucket> EstimateSize for Registers<B> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Serialize the state into a scalar.
-impl From<AppendOnlyRegisters> for ScalarImpl {
-    fn from(reg: AppendOnlyRegisters) -> Self {
-        let buckets = &reg.registers[..];
-        let result_len = (buckets.len() * LOG_COUNT_BITS as usize - 1) / (i64::BITS as usize) + 1;
-        let mut result = vec![0u64; result_len];
-        for (i, bucket_val) in buckets.iter().enumerate() {
-            let (start_idx, begin_bit, post_end_bit) = pos_in_serialized(i);
-            result[start_idx] |= (buckets[i].0 as u64) << begin_bit;
-            if post_end_bit > i64::BITS {
-                result[start_idx + 1] |= (bucket_val.0 as u64) >> (i64::BITS - begin_bit as u32);
-            }
-        }
-        ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(
-            result
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|x| Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(x as i64)))
-                .collect(),
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Deserialize the state from a scalar.
-impl From<ScalarImpl> for AppendOnlyRegisters {
-    fn from(state: ScalarImpl) -> Self {
-        let list = state.as_list().values();
-        let bucket_num = list.len() * i64::BITS as usize / LOG_COUNT_BITS as usize;
-        let registers = (0..bucket_num)
-            .map(|i| {
-                let (start_idx, begin_bit, post_end_bit) = pos_in_serialized(i);
-                let val = *list[start_idx].as_ref().unwrap().as_int64();
-                let v = if post_end_bit <= i64::BITS {
-                    (val as u64) << (i64::BITS - post_end_bit)
-                        >> (i64::BITS - LOG_COUNT_BITS as u32)
-                } else {
-                    ((val as u64) >> begin_bit)
-                        + (((*list[start_idx + 1].as_ref().unwrap().as_int64() as u64)
-                            & ((1 << (post_end_bit - i64::BITS)) - 1))
-                            << (i64::BITS - begin_bit as u32))
-                };
-                AppendOnlyBucket(v as u8)
-            })
-            .collect();
-        Self {
-            registers,
-            initial_count: 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Serialize the state into a scalar.
-impl From<UpdatableRegisters> for ScalarImpl {
-    fn from(reg: UpdatableRegisters) -> Self {
-        // FIXME: store state of updatable registers properly
-        ScalarImpl::Int64(reg.calculate_result())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Deserialize the state from a scalar.
-impl From<ScalarImpl> for UpdatableRegisters {
-    fn from(state: ScalarImpl) -> Self {
-        // FIXME: restore state of updatable registers properly
-        Self {
-            initial_count: state.into_int64(),
-            ..Self::default()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn pos_in_serialized(bucket_idx: usize) -> (usize, usize, u32) {
     // rust compiler will optimize for us
     let start_idx = bucket_idx * LOG_COUNT_BITS as usize / i64::BITS as usize;
@@ -301,7 +342,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
-        let approx_count_distinct = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let approx_count_distinct = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(approx_count_distinct:int8 $0:int4)",
         ))
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs
index 5e22b68dba70d..02f29a308fa64 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ mod tests {
             + 456
             + 789",
         );
-        let array_agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
+        let array_agg =
+            crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
         let mut state = array_agg.create_state();
         array_agg.update(&mut state, &chunk).await?;
         let actual = array_agg.get_result(&state).await?;
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_array_agg_empty() -> Result<()> {
-        let array_agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
+        let array_agg =
+            crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
         let mut state = array_agg.create_state();
 
         assert_eq!(array_agg.get_result(&state).await?, None);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ac716403ddbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+
+/// Returns true if all non-null input values are true, otherwise false.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (b1 boolean, b2 boolean, b3 boolean, b4 boolean);
+///
+/// query T
+/// select bool_and(b1) from t;
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///     (true,  null, false, null),
+///     (false, true, null,  null),
+///     (null,  true, false, null);
+///
+/// query TTTTTT
+/// select
+///     bool_and(b1),
+///     bool_and(b2),
+///     bool_and(b3),
+///     bool_and(b4),
+///     bool_and(NOT b2),
+///     bool_and(NOT b3)
+/// FROM t;
+/// ----
+/// f t f NULL f t
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[aggregate("bool_and(boolean) -> boolean", state = "ref")]
+fn bool_and_append_only(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
+    state && input
+}
+
+/// Returns true if all non-null input values are true, otherwise false.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (b boolean);
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// create materialized view mv as select bool_and(b) from t;
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values (true), (false), (null);
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// f
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// delete from t where b is false;
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// t
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop materialized view mv;
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct BoolAndUpdatable;
+
+#[aggregate("bool_and(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int64")]
+impl BoolAndUpdatable {
+    // state is the number of false values
+
+    fn accumulate(&self, state: i64, input: bool) -> i64 {
+        if input {
+            state
+        } else {
+            state + 1
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn retract(&self, state: i64, input: bool) -> i64 {
+        if input {
+            state
+        } else {
+            state - 1
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO: support merge
+    fn merge(&self, state1: i64, state2: i64) -> i64 {
+        state1 + state2
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, state: i64) -> bool {
+        state == 0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ad0c74bedacf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+
+/// Returns true if any non-null input value is true, otherwise false.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (b1 boolean, b2 boolean, b3 boolean, b4 boolean);
+///
+/// query T
+/// select bool_or(b1) from t;
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///     (true,  null, false, null),
+///     (false, true, null,  null),
+///     (null,  true, false, null);
+///
+/// query TTTTTT
+/// select
+///     bool_or(b1),
+///     bool_or(b2),
+///     bool_or(b3),
+///     bool_or(b4),
+///     bool_or(NOT b2),
+///     bool_or(NOT b3)
+/// FROM t;
+/// ----
+/// t t f NULL f t
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[aggregate("bool_or(boolean) -> boolean")]
+fn bool_or_append_only(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
+    state || input
+}
+
+/// Returns true if any non-null input value is true, otherwise false.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (b boolean);
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// create materialized view mv as select bool_or(b) from t;
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values (true), (false), (null);
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// t
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// delete from t where b is true;
+///
+/// query T
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// f
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop materialized view mv;
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct BoolOrUpdatable;
+
+#[aggregate("bool_or(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int64")]
+impl BoolOrUpdatable {
+    // state is the number of true values
+
+    fn accumulate(&self, state: i64, input: bool) -> i64 {
+        if input {
+            state + 1
+        } else {
+            state
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn retract(&self, state: i64, input: bool) -> i64 {
+        if input {
+            state - 1
+        } else {
+            state
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO: support merge
+    fn merge(&self, state1: i64, state2: i64) -> i64 {
+        state1 + state2
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, state: i64) -> bool {
+        state != 0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs
index 570e910b68714..d9829a3dbb37c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs
@@ -314,8 +314,6 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
         () => {
             AggKind::BitAnd
                 | AggKind::BitOr
-                | AggKind::BoolAnd
-                | AggKind::BoolOr
                 | AggKind::JsonbAgg
                 | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg
                 | AggKind::PercentileCont
@@ -410,6 +408,10 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
                 | AggKind::PercentileCont
                 | AggKind::PercentileDisc
                 | AggKind::Mode
+                // FIXME(wrj): move `BoolAnd` and `BoolOr` out
+                //  after we support general merge in stateless_simple_agg
+                | AggKind::BoolAnd
+                | AggKind::BoolOr
         };
     }
     pub use simply_cannot_two_phase;
@@ -423,6 +425,8 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
                 | AggKind::Sum0
                 | AggKind::Count
                 | AggKind::BitXor
+                | AggKind::BoolAnd
+                | AggKind::BoolOr
                 | AggKind::ApproxCountDistinct
         };
     }
@@ -455,8 +459,6 @@ impl AggKind {
             AggKind::BitAnd
             | AggKind::BitOr
             | AggKind::BitXor
-            | AggKind::BoolAnd
-            | AggKind::BoolOr
             | AggKind::Min
             | AggKind::Max
             | AggKind::Sum => Some(self),
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
index 1ee2017686ee9..8971c48c278c7 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
@@ -30,24 +30,19 @@ use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 #[aggregate("sum(interval) -> interval")]
 #[aggregate("sum(int256) -> int256")]
 #[aggregate("sum0(int64) -> int64", init_state = "0i64")]
-fn sum<S, T>(state: Option<S>, input: Option<T>, retract: bool) -> Result<Option<S>>
+fn sum<S, T>(state: S, input: T, retract: bool) -> Result<S>
 where
     S: Default + From<T> + CheckedAdd<Output = S> + CheckedSub<Output = S>,
 {
-    let Some(input) = input else {
-        return Ok(state);
-    };
-    let state = state.unwrap_or_default();
-    let result = if retract {
+    if retract {
         state
             .checked_sub(&S::from(input))
-            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?
+            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
     } else {
         state
             .checked_add(&S::from(input))
-            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?
-    };
-    Ok(Some(result))
+            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
+    }
 }
 
 #[aggregate("min(*) -> auto", state = "ref")]
@@ -60,7 +55,9 @@ fn max<T: Ord>(state: T, input: T) -> T {
     state.max(input)
 }
 
-#[aggregate("bit_and(*int) -> auto")]
+// XXX: state = "ref" is required so that
+// for the first non-null value, the state is set to that value.
+#[aggregate("bit_and(*int) -> auto", state = "ref")]
 fn bit_and<T>(state: T, input: T) -> T
 where
     T: BitAnd<Output = T>,
@@ -139,84 +136,6 @@ fn count_star(state: i64, retract: bool) -> i64 {
     }
 }
 
-/// Returns true if all non-null input values are true, otherwise false.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```slt
-/// statement ok
-/// create table t (b1 boolean, b2 boolean, b3 boolean, b4 boolean);
-///
-/// query T
-/// select bool_and(b1) from t;
-/// ----
-/// NULL
-///
-/// statement ok
-/// insert into t values
-///     (true,  null, false, null),
-///     (false, true, null,  null),
-///     (null,  true, false, null);
-///
-/// query TTTTTT
-/// select
-///     bool_and(b1),
-///     bool_and(b2),
-///     bool_and(b3),
-///     bool_and(b4),
-///     bool_and(NOT b2),
-///     bool_and(NOT b3)
-/// FROM t;
-/// ----
-/// f t f NULL f t
-///
-/// statement ok
-/// drop table t;
-/// ```
-#[aggregate("bool_and(boolean) -> boolean")]
-fn bool_and(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
-    state && input
-}
-
-/// Returns true if any non-null input value is true, otherwise false.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```slt
-/// statement ok
-/// create table t (b1 boolean, b2 boolean, b3 boolean, b4 boolean);
-///
-/// query T
-/// select bool_or(b1) from t;
-/// ----
-/// NULL
-///
-/// statement ok
-/// insert into t values
-///     (true,  null, false, null),
-///     (false, true, null,  null),
-///     (null,  true, false, null);
-///
-/// query TTTTTT
-/// select
-///     bool_or(b1),
-///     bool_or(b2),
-///     bool_or(b3),
-///     bool_or(b4),
-///     bool_or(NOT b2),
-///     bool_or(NOT b3)
-/// FROM t;
-/// ----
-/// t t f NULL f t
-///
-/// statement ok
-/// drop table t;
-/// ```
-#[aggregate("bool_or(boolean) -> boolean")]
-fn bool_or(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
-    state || input
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     extern crate test;
@@ -232,7 +151,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::agg::AggCall;
 
     fn test_agg(pretty: &str, input: StreamChunk, expected: Datum) {
-        let agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
+        let agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
         agg.update(&mut state, &input)
             .now_or_never()
@@ -515,7 +434,7 @@ mod tests {
         };
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, DataChunk::new(vec![Arc::new(data)], vis));
         let pretty = format!("({agg_desc}:int8 $0:int8)");
-        let agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
+        let agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
         b.iter(|| {
             agg.update(&mut state, &chunk)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs
index d6f05498b8527..15236ee642440 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ mod def;
 // concrete AggregateFunctions
 mod approx_count_distinct;
 mod array_agg;
+mod bool_and;
+mod bool_or;
 mod general;
 mod jsonb_agg;
 mod mode;
@@ -62,6 +64,19 @@ pub trait AggregateFunction: Send + Sync + 'static {
 
     /// Get aggregate result from the state.
     async fn get_result(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum>;
+
+    /// Encode the state into a datum that can be stored in state table.
+    fn encode_state(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
+        match state {
+            AggregateState::Datum(d) => Ok(d.clone()),
+            _ => panic!("cannot encode state"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Decode the state from a datum in state table.
+    fn decode_state(&self, datum: Datum) -> Result<AggregateState> {
+        Ok(AggregateState::Datum(datum))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Intermediate state of an aggregate function.
@@ -118,19 +133,27 @@ impl AggregateState {
 
 pub type BoxedAggregateFunction = Box<dyn AggregateFunction>;
 
-/// Build an `AggregateFunction` from `AggCall`.
+/// Build an append-only `Aggregator` from `AggCall`.
+pub fn build_append_only(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
+    build(agg, true)
+}
+
+/// Build a retractable `Aggregator` from `AggCall`.
+pub fn build_retractable(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
+    build(agg, false)
+}
+
+/// Build an `Aggregator` from `AggCall`.
 ///
 /// NOTE: This function ignores argument indices, `column_orders`, `filter` and `distinct` in
 /// `AggCall`. Such operations should be done in batch or streaming executors.
-pub fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
-    // NOTE: The function signature is checked by `AggCall::infer_return_type` in the frontend.
-
+pub fn build(agg: &AggCall, append_only: bool) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
     let args = (agg.args.arg_types().iter())
         .map(|t| t.into())
         .collect::<Vec<DataTypeName>>();
     let ret_type = (&agg.return_type).into();
     let desc = crate::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP
-        .get(agg.kind, &args, ret_type)
+        .get(agg.kind, &args, ret_type, append_only)
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(format!(
                 "{:?}",
@@ -140,6 +163,7 @@ pub fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
                     ret_type,
                     set_returning: false,
                     deprecated: false,
+                    append_only,
                 }
             ))
         })?;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs
index 2c37970c7413c..7b7a06ffe5567 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ mod tests {
             + ccc ,
             + ddd ,",
         );
-        let string_agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let string_agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(string_agg:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar)",
         ))?;
         let mut state = string_agg.create_state();
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ mod tests {
             + ccc _
             + ddd .",
         );
-        let string_agg = crate::agg::build(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let string_agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(string_agg:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar)",
         ))?;
         let mut state = string_agg.create_state();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/error.rs b/src/expr/src/error.rs
index e5136ac406a45..d1ae1eb35ad0c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/error.rs
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ pub enum ExprError {
 
     #[error("field name must not be null")]
     FieldNameNull,
+
+    #[error("invalid state: {0}")]
+    InvalidState(String),
 }
 
 static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<ExprError>(), 40);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
index a945481592f0c..1f34adead8855 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ pub fn build_func(
                     ret_type: (&ret_type).into(),
                     set_returning: false,
                     deprecated: false,
+                    append_only: false,
                 }
             ))
         })?;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs
index a5321ce726aae..455dc368eaa47 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs
@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ pub static AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<AggFuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
 pub struct AggFuncSig {
     pub func: AggKind,
     pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
+    pub state_type: DataTypeName,
     pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
     pub build: fn(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction>,
+    pub append_only: bool,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for AggFuncSig {
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for AggFuncSig {
             ret_type: self.ret_type,
             set_returning: false,
             deprecated: false,
+            append_only: self.append_only,
         }
         .fmt(f)
     }
@@ -58,21 +61,32 @@ impl fmt::Debug for AggFuncSig {
 pub struct AggFuncSigMap(HashMap<(AggKind, usize), Vec<AggFuncSig>>);
 
 impl AggFuncSigMap {
+    /// Inserts a function signature into the map.
     fn insert(&mut self, sig: AggFuncSig) {
         let arity = sig.inputs_type.len();
         self.0.entry((sig.func, arity)).or_default().push(sig);
     }
 
-    /// Returns a function signature with the given type, argument types and return type.
+    /// Returns a function signature with the given type, argument types, return type.
+    ///
+    /// The `append_only` flag only works when both append-only and retractable version exist.
+    /// Otherwise, return the signature of the only version.
     pub fn get(
         &self,
         ty: AggKind,
         args: &[DataTypeName],
         ret: DataTypeName,
+        append_only: bool,
     ) -> Option<&AggFuncSig> {
         let v = self.0.get(&(ty, args.len()))?;
-        v.iter()
-            .find(|d| d.inputs_type == args && d.ret_type == ret)
+        let mut iter = v
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|d| d.inputs_type == args && d.ret_type == ret);
+        if iter.clone().count() == 2 {
+            iter.find(|d| d.append_only == append_only)
+        } else {
+            iter.next()
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns the return type for the given function and arguments.
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
index 5dca4da2f4486..afacf43aee6b0 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
             ret_type: self.ret_type,
             set_returning: false,
             deprecated: self.deprecated,
+            append_only: false,
         }
         .fmt(f)
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs
index cea417a3ca4ee..052b31ad060bc 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs
@@ -29,20 +29,27 @@ pub(crate) struct FuncSigDebug<'a, T> {
     pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
     pub set_returning: bool,
     pub deprecated: bool,
+    pub append_only: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> std::fmt::Debug for FuncSigDebug<'a, T> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         let s = format!(
-            "{}({:?}) -> {}{:?}{}",
+            "{}({:?}) -> {}{:?}",
             self.func,
             self.inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
             if self.set_returning { "setof " } else { "" },
             self.ret_type,
-            if self.deprecated { " [deprecated]" } else { "" },
         )
         .to_ascii_lowercase();
 
-        f.write_str(&s)
+        f.write_str(&s)?;
+        if self.append_only {
+            write!(f, " [append-only]")?;
+        }
+        if self.deprecated {
+            write!(f, " [deprecated]")?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs
index a8ebce5e378bd..f4b2ac6de1e4b 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
             ret_type: self.ret_type,
             set_returning: true,
             deprecated: false,
+            append_only: false,
         }
         .fmt(f)
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
index 2ca3f28513b46..23453d9f7b956 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ pub fn build(
                     ret_type: (&return_type).into(),
                     set_returning: true,
                     deprecated: false,
+                    append_only: false,
                 }
             ))
         })?;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
index 15b01fabc2711..b67d42042bc91 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use super::buffer::WindowBuffer;
 use super::{StateEvictHint, StateKey, StatePos, WindowState};
-use crate::agg::{build as builg_agg, AggArgs, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use crate::agg::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use crate::function::window::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use crate::Result;
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl WindowState for AggregateState {
 
     fn curr_output(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
         let wrapper = AggregatorWrapper {
-            agg: builg_agg(&self.agg_call)?,
+            agg: build_append_only(&self.agg_call)?,
             arg_data_types: &self.arg_data_types,
         };
         wrapper.aggregate(self.buffer.curr_window_values().map(SmallVec::as_slice))
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
index becf633107df6..fe6e47b016d40 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ pub fn create_window_state(call: &WindowFuncCall) -> Result<Box<dyn WindowState
                     ret_type: call.return_type.clone().into(),
                     set_returning: false,
                     deprecated: false,
+                    append_only: false,
                 }
             )));
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
index 3575c8a50eb2f..b13081bddd1d5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [ol_number, sum_qty, sum_amount, avg_qty, avg_amount, count_order], stream_key: [ol_number], pk_columns: [ol_number], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_number, sum(order_line.ol_quantity), sum(order_line.ol_amount), (sum(order_line.ol_quantity)::Decimal / count(order_line.ol_quantity)::Decimal) as $expr1, (sum(order_line.ol_amount) / count(order_line.ol_amount)::Decimal) as $expr2, count] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [order_line.ol_number], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), sum(order_line.ol_amount), count(order_line.ol_quantity), count(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [order_line.ol_number], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), sum(order_line.ol_amount), count(order_line.ol_quantity), count(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
     StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] } { result table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
         │       └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: all } { left table: 26, right table: 28, left degree table: 27, right degree table: 29 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_entry_d] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 1
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [o_ol_cnt, order_count], stream_key: [o_ol_cnt], pk_columns: [o_ol_cnt], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_ol_cnt], aggs: [count] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue, supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_nationkey, cust_nation, l_year], pk_columns: [supplier.s_nationkey, cust_nation, l_year], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4, sum(order_line.ol_amount), supplier.s_nationkey] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr3, (sum($expr4) / sum(order_line.ol_amount)) as $expr5] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr3], aggs: [sum($expr4), sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, $expr2, sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, $expr2], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, sum(order_line.ol_amount), customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3, 5]) from 1
@@ -2071,7 +2071,7 @@
             ├── right table: 1
             ├── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, sum(stock.s_order_cnt), sum(stock.s_order_cnt)::Decimal as $expr2] }
             │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [sum(stock.s_order_cnt), count] }
-            │       ├── result table: 2
+            │       ├── intermediate state table: 2
             │       ├── state tables: []
             │       ├── distinct tables: []
             │       └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@
 
     Fragment 7
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum(sum(stock.s_order_cnt))::Decimal * 0.005:Decimal) as $expr3] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(stock.s_order_cnt)), count] } { result table: 14, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(stock.s_order_cnt)), count] } { intermediate state table: 14, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 8
 
     Fragment 8
@@ -2237,7 +2237,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, sum($expr1), sum($expr2)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_ol_cnt], aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -2328,13 +2328,16 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [c_count, custdist], stream_key: [c_count], pk_columns: [custdist, c_count], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [count(orders.o_id)], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [count(orders.o_id)], aggs: [count] }
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
+        ├── state tables: []
+        ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_id, count(orders.o_id)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_id], aggs: [count(orders.o_id), count] }
-        ├── result table: 1
+        ├── intermediate state table: 1
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2429,7 +2432,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [((100.00:Decimal * sum(sum($expr1))) / (1:Decimal + sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)))) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -2548,11 +2551,11 @@
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), count] } { result table: 11, state tables: [ 10 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [ 10 ], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 5
 
     Fragment 5
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(revenue1.total_revenue), count] } { result table: 13, state tables: [ 12 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(revenue1.total_revenue), count] } { intermediate state table: 13, state tables: [ 12 ], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no, Vnode(revenue1.supplier_no) as $expr2] }
         └── Chain { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) } { state table: 14 }
             ├── Upstream
@@ -2660,7 +2663,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, $expr2, item.i_price, count(distinct $expr3)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [item.i_name, $expr2, item.i_price], aggs: [count(distinct $expr3), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: $expr3, table id: 1) ]
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
@@ -2825,7 +2828,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [(sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)) / 2.0:Decimal) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -2837,7 +2840,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_i_id = item.i_id, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, (sum(order_line.ol_quantity)::Decimal / count(order_line.ol_quantity)::Decimal) as $expr2] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [item.i_id], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count(order_line.ol_quantity), count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [item.i_id], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count(order_line.ol_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [item.i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
                             ├── left table: 7
                             ├── right table: 9
@@ -2956,7 +2959,7 @@
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_last, customer.c_id, orders.o_entry_d, orders.o_ol_cnt, sum(order_line.ol_amount), sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (sum(order_line.ol_amount) > 200:Decimal) }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, orders.o_ol_cnt, sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, orders.o_ol_cnt], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, orders.o_ol_cnt], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id, output: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, orders.o_ol_cnt, order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
                         ├── left table: 1
                         ├── right table: 3
@@ -3060,7 +3063,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -3218,7 +3221,7 @@
     StreamProject { exprs: [((stock.s_i_id * stock.s_w_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((2:Int32 * stock.s_quantity) > sum(order_line.ol_quantity)) }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, sum(order_line.ol_quantity)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count] } { result table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id, output: all } { left table: 11, right table: 13, left degree table: 12, right degree table: 14 }
                     ├── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
                     │   ├── left table: 15
@@ -3389,7 +3392,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, numwait], stream_key: [s_name], pk_columns: [numwait, s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_name], aggs: [count] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
index 00b9c2339413d..0846fb23192fa 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(a.v), a.k1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [max(a.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(ak1.v), ak1.k1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1.k1], aggs: [max(ak1.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
@@ -362,7 +362,10 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v, ak1k2.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1k2.k1], pk_columns: [ak1k2.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(ak1k2.v), ak1k2.k1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1k2.k1], aggs: [max(ak1k2.v), count] } { result table: 1, state tables: [ 0 ], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1k2.k1], aggs: [max(ak1k2.v), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
+            ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
+            ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: ak1k2, columns: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.v, ak1k2.k2, ak1k2.a._row_id], pk: [ak1k2.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1k2.k1) }
                 ├── state table: 2
                 ├── Upstream
@@ -422,7 +425,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(ak1k2.v), ak1k2.k2] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1k2.k2], aggs: [max(ak1k2.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -484,7 +487,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [sum_v, ak1k2.k1(hidden), ak1k2.k2(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2], pk_columns: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(ak1k2.v), ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2], aggs: [sum(ak1k2.v), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2], aggs: [sum(ak1k2.v), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── Chain { table: ak1k2, columns: [ak1k2.k1, ak1k2.k2, ak1k2.v, ak1k2.a._row_id], pk: [ak1k2.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1k2.k1) }
                 ├── state table: 1
                 ├── Upstream
@@ -534,7 +537,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [sum_v, ak1.k1(hidden), ak1.k2(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.k1, ak1.k2], pk_columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.k2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(ak1.v), ak1.k1, ak1.k2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1.k1, ak1.k2], aggs: [sum(ak1.v), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ak1.k1, ak1.k2], aggs: [sum(ak1.v), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── Chain { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.k2, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
                 ├── state table: 1
                 ├── Upstream
@@ -595,11 +598,11 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(count), a.k1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [max(count), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
-                ├── result table: 2
+                ├── intermediate state table: 2
                 ├── state tables: []
                 ├── distinct tables: []
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -694,13 +697,16 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(count), a.k1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [max(count), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] }
+    ├── intermediate state table: 2
+    ├── state tables: []
+    ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -793,13 +799,16 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(count), a.k2] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k2], aggs: [max(count), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] }
+    ├── intermediate state table: 2
+    ├── state tables: []
+    ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -876,8 +885,11 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_num, a.k1(hidden), a.k2(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1, a.k2], pk_columns: [a.k1, a.k2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(count), a.k1, a.k2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [max(count), count] } { result table: 1, state tables: [ 0 ], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [max(count), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
+            ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
+            ├── distinct tables: []
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1, a.k2], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -963,7 +975,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1036,7 +1048,7 @@
         ├── right table: 2
         ├── left degree table: 1
         ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
@@ -1139,9 +1151,9 @@
         ├── right table: 2
         ├── left degree table: 1
         ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
index 7bbe8da04ff82..9a0a6bcae433e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [v1, min(v2), count(distinct v3)], output_watermarks: [v1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only, eowc] { group_key: [v1], aggs: [min(v2), count(distinct v3), count], output_watermarks: [v1] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: v3, table id: 1) ]
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, max(t.b)], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only, eowc] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(t.b), count], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
index 655d826dc5ab3..e57bf061d5335 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
                 ├── left table: 1
                 ├── right table: 3
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
                 ├── left table: 1
                 ├── right table: 3
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
index 1037a3a401599..06804444a4f9b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
                 ├── left table: 1
                 ├── right table: 3
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
                 ├── left table: 1
                 ├── right table: 3
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index b4dd68f7b04fc..c3bed3a331fc6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.category, (sum(max(bid.price)) / count(max(bid.price))::Decimal) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.category], aggs: [sum(max(bid.price)), count(max(bid.price)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.category, max(bid.price)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.category], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] }
-        ├── result table: 2
+        ├── intermediate state table: 2
         ├── state tables: [ 1 ]
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.category, bid.price, bid._row_id] }
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [window_start, max(count)] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { result table: 7, state tables: [ 6 ], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { intermediate state table: 7, state tables: [ 6 ], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction, window_start], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction, window_start], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 3
 
     Fragment 3
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@
 
     Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, max(bid.price), ($expr1 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 3
@@ -838,12 +838,12 @@
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
                 └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 5 }
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [bidder, bid_count, window_start, window_end], stream_key: [bidder, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [bidder, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start, window_end] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.bidder, count, $expr1, $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.bidder, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.bidder, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: bid.bidder, table id: 1), (distinct key: bid.auction, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1275,13 +1275,13 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [channel, day], pk_columns: [channel, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.bidder) filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bid.auction) filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: bid.bidder, table id: 1), (distinct key: bid.auction, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1410,13 +1410,13 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [channel, day], pk_columns: [channel, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.channel, $expr1, max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 4, 5, 14]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, min_price, max_price, avg_price, sum_price], stream_key: [auction, day], pk_columns: [auction, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, $expr1, count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), min(bid.price), max(bid.price), (sum(bid.price) / count(bid.price)::Decimal) as $expr2, sum(bid.price)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction, $expr1], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), min(bid.price), max(bid.price), sum(bid.price), count(bid.price)] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@
         ├── right degree table: 3
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, max(bid.price)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] } { left table: 0, right table: 1 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
         │           ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         │           └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2019,12 +2019,12 @@
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count(bid.auction))) as $expr1] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { result table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 4
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count(bid.auction)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { result table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 5
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
                 └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-                    ├── result table: 5
+                    ├── intermediate state table: 5
                     ├── state tables: []
                     ├── distinct tables: []
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2252,7 +2252,7 @@
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
                 └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-                    ├── result table: 5
+                    ├── intermediate state table: 5
                     ├── state tables: []
                     ├── distinct tables: []
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2371,7 +2371,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
@@ -2471,19 +2471,19 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [min(min(max(bid.price)))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [min(min(max(bid.price))), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [min(max(bid.price)), count] }
-    ├── result table: 3
+    ├── intermediate state table: 3
     ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
     ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, max(bid.price), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] }
-            ├── result table: 5
+            ├── intermediate state table: 5
             ├── state tables: [ 4 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, bid.price, bid._row_id] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index 8a96d59de67bd..eecfd41ef5c00 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [category, (sum(max(price)) / count(max(price))::Decimal) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [category], aggs: [sum(max(price)), count(max(price)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [id, category, max(price)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id, category], aggs: [max(price), count] }
-        ├── result table: 1
+        ├── intermediate state table: 1
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, category, price, _row_id, _row_id] }
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [window_start, max(count)] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { result table: 7, state tables: [ 6 ], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { intermediate state table: 7, state tables: [ 6 ], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction, window_start], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction, window_start], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 3
 
     Fragment 3
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, max(price), ($expr1 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(price), count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
 
     Fragment 4
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder), count(distinct bidder) filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder) filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder) filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct auction), count(distinct auction) filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct auction) filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct auction) filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: bidder, table id: 1), (distinct key: auction, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1117,13 +1117,13 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1185,15 +1185,15 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)))] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] } { result table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [channel, day], pk_columns: [channel, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder), count(distinct bidder) filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder) filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct bidder) filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct auction), count(distinct auction) filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct auction) filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct auction) filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: bidder, table id: 1), (distinct key: auction, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1331,13 +1331,13 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [channel, day], pk_columns: [channel, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [channel, $expr1, max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 4, 5, 14]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, min_price, max_price, avg_price, sum_price], stream_key: [auction, day], pk_columns: [auction, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction, $expr1, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), min(price), max(price), (sum(price) / count(price)::Decimal) as $expr2, sum(price)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction, $expr1], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), min(price), max(price), sum(price), count(price)] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction, max(price)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(auction) >= $expr1), output: [id, item_name, count(auction)] } { left table: 0, right table: 1 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [id, item_name, count(auction)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id, item_name], aggs: [count(auction), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id, item_name], aggs: [count(auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │       └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, auction, _row_id, _row_id] }
         │           ├── left table: 3
         │           ├── right table: 5
@@ -1908,12 +1908,12 @@
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count(auction))) as $expr1] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(auction)), count] } { result table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 5
 
     Fragment 5
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count(auction)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { result table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 6
 
     Fragment 6
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2182,7 +2182,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, item_name, count(auction), Vnode(id) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id, item_name], aggs: [count(auction), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id, item_name], aggs: [count(auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, auction, _row_id, _row_id] }
                 ├── left table: 3
                 ├── right table: 5
@@ -2291,19 +2291,19 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [min(min(max(price)))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [min(min(max(price))), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [min(max(price)), count] }
-    ├── result table: 3
+    ├── intermediate state table: 3
     ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
     ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, max(price), Vnode(id) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [id], aggs: [max(price), count] }
-            ├── result table: 4
+            ├── intermediate state table: 4
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, price, _row_id, _row_id] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
index 422fd4b798e8c..4b1c26e0a2be1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, (sum(max($expr8)) / count(max($expr8))::Decimal) as $expr10] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [sum(max($expr8)), count(max($expr8)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr5, max($expr8)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr5], aggs: [max($expr8), count] }
-        ├── result table: 2
+        ├── intermediate state table: 2
         ├── state tables: [ 1 ]
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr8, _row_id, _row_id] }
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [window_start, max(count)] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { result table: 10, state tables: [ 9 ], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [ 9 ], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 5
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr3, window_start], aggs: [count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr3, window_start], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 3
 
     Fragment 3
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr7, max($expr5), ($expr7 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr8] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr7], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { result table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr7], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 5
@@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr6)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [ 5 ], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [ 5 ], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count($expr5) >= $expr6), output: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr5)] } { left table: 0, right table: 1 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr5)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr5), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, _row_id, _row_id] }
         │           ├── left table: 3
         │           ├── right table: 5
@@ -1557,12 +1557,12 @@
 
     Fragment 6
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count($expr5))) as $expr6] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count($expr5)), count] } { result table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count($expr5)), count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 7
 
     Fragment 7
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count($expr5)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { result table: 12, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 12, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
 
     Fragment 8
@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { result table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1885,7 +1885,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count($expr5) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr6] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr5), Vnode($expr2) as $expr6] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr5), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, _row_id, _row_id] }
                 ├── left table: 3
                 ├── right table: 5
@@ -2011,19 +2011,19 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [min(min(max($expr7)))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [min(min(max($expr7))), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr9], aggs: [min(max($expr7)), count] }
-    ├── result table: 3
+    ├── intermediate state table: 3
     ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
     ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, max($expr7), Vnode($expr2) as $expr9] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max($expr7), count] }
-            ├── result table: 5
+            ├── intermediate state table: 5
             ├── state tables: [ 4 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr7, _row_id, _row_id] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index 34e8d6af3b5e3..9b9ff1d660dd5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -264,14 +264,14 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, (sum(max($expr6)) / count(max($expr6))::Decimal) as $expr7] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [sum(max($expr6)), count(max($expr6)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr4, max($expr6)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr4], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { result table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr4], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5 AND ($expr1 >= $expr1) AND ($expr1 <= $expr3), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr1), output: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr6, _row_id, _row_id] }
             ├── left table: 2
             ├── right table: 4
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin [window] { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output_watermarks: [window_start, window_start], output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [window_start, max(count)], output_watermarks: [window_start] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count], output_watermarks: [window_start] } { result table: 8, state tables: [ 7 ], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [window_start], aggs: [max(count), count], output_watermarks: [window_start] } { intermediate state table: 8, state tables: [ 7 ], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, window_start], aggs: [count], output_watermarks: [window_start] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, window_start], aggs: [count], output_watermarks: [window_start] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 3
 
     Fragment 3
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr4), ($expr5 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6], output_watermarks: [$expr5, $expr6] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr4), count], output_watermarks: [$expr5] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr4), count], output_watermarks: [$expr5] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
 
     Fragment 4
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [day], pk_columns: [day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [count, count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr4), count(distinct $expr4) filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr4) filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr4) filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr5), count(distinct $expr5) filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr5) filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr5) filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: $expr4, table id: 1), (distinct key: $expr5, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions], stream_key: [channel, day], pk_columns: [channel, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [max($expr4), count, count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr6), count(distinct $expr6) filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr6) filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr6) filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr7), count(distinct $expr7) filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr7) filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count(distinct $expr7) filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
-        ├── result table: 0
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: $expr6, table id: 1), (distinct key: $expr7, table id: 2) ]
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, min_price, max_price, avg_price, sum_price], stream_key: [auction, day], pk_columns: [auction, day], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, count, count filter(($expr4 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr4 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr4 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr4 >= 1000000:Int32)), min($expr4), max($expr4), (sum($expr4) / count($expr4)::Decimal) as $expr5, sum($expr4)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count, count filter(($expr4 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr4 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr4 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr4 >= 1000000:Int32)), min($expr4), max($expr4), sum($expr4), count($expr4)] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, max($expr5)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2077,7 +2077,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count($expr4) >= $expr5), output: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr4)] } { left table: 0, right table: 1 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr4)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr4), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr4), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         │       └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, _row_id, _row_id] }
         │           ├── left table: 3
         │           ├── right table: 5
@@ -2111,12 +2111,12 @@
 
     Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count($expr4))) as $expr5] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count($expr4)), count] } { result table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count($expr4)), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 6
 
     Fragment 6
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count($expr4)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { result table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
 
     Fragment 7
@@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2322,7 +2322,7 @@
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { result table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -2434,7 +2434,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count($expr4) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr5] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, count($expr4), Vnode($expr2) as $expr5] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr4), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [count($expr4), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, _row_id, _row_id] }
                 ├── left table: 3
                 ├── right table: 5
@@ -2558,15 +2558,15 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [min(min(max($expr5)))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [min(min(max($expr5))), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr6], aggs: [min(max($expr5)), count] } { result table: 3, state tables: [ 2 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr6], aggs: [min(max($expr5)), count] } { intermediate state table: 3, state tables: [ 2 ], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, max($expr5), Vnode($expr2) as $expr6] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { result table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4 AND ($expr1 >= $expr1) AND ($expr1 <= $expr3), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr1), output: [$expr2, $expr5, _row_id, _row_id] }
                 ├── left table: 5
                 ├── right table: 7
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
index 7e7b18e9de8fa..334de5ed0ea03 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum0(count)] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
     Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [t.a] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [count] }
-        ├── result table: 5
+        ├── intermediate state table: 5
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
index 03b1629b931fa..8019780382bad 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(s.v)] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: s, columns: [s.v, s.o, s.t._row_id], pk: [s.t._row_id], dist: Single }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(s.v)] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: s, columns: [s.v, s.o, s.t._row_id], pk: [s.t._row_id], dist: Single }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(s.v)] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [count(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: s, columns: [s.v, s.o, s.t._row_id], pk: [s.t._row_id], dist: Single }
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(s.s, ',':Varchar order_by(s.v ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [string_agg(s.s, ',':Varchar order_by(s.v ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [s.s, ',':Varchar, s.v, s.t._row_id] }
@@ -247,14 +247,14 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(t.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(t.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(t.v), count] }
-    ├── result table: 3
+    ├── intermediate state table: 3
     ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
     ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t.v, t._row_id, Vnode(t._row_id) as $expr1] }
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(ao.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [max(max(ao.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum(t.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(t.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum(ao.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [sum(sum(ao.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum0(count(t.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count(t.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum0(count(ao.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [sum0(count(ao.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -725,14 +725,14 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(t.v)), sum0(count(t.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(t.v)), sum0(count(t.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(t.v), count(t.v), count] }
-    ├── result table: 3
+    ├── intermediate state table: 3
     ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
     ├── distinct tables: []
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t.v, t._row_id, Vnode(t._row_id) as $expr1] }
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(ao.v)), sum0(count(ao.v))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [max(max(ao.v)), sum0(count(ao.v)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(t.v), string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [count(t.v), string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(ao.v), string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [count(ao.v), string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(t.v), string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(t.v), string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: [ 0, 1 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(ao.v), string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg [append_only] { aggs: [max(ao.v), string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(t.v), t.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [max(t.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(tk.v), tk.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [tk.k], aggs: [max(tk.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: tk, columns: [tk.k, tk.v, tk.t._row_id], pk: [tk.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(tk.k) }
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(s.v), s.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s.k], aggs: [max(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [max(ao.v), ao.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [ao.k], aggs: [max(ao.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(t.v), t.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [sum(t.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(tk.v), tk.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [tk.k], aggs: [sum(tk.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: tk, columns: [tk.k, tk.v, tk.t._row_id], pk: [tk.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(tk.k) }
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(s.v), s.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s.k], aggs: [sum(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(ao.v), ao.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [ao.k], aggs: [sum(ao.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(t.v), t.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [count(t.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(tk.v), tk.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [tk.k], aggs: [count(tk.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── Chain { table: tk, columns: [tk.k, tk.v, tk.t._row_id], pk: [tk.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(tk.k) }
@@ -1668,7 +1668,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(s.v), s.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s.k], aggs: [count(s.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(ao.v), ao.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [ao.k], aggs: [count(ao.v), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC)), t.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [string_agg(t.s, ',':Varchar order_by(t.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(tk.s, ',':Varchar order_by(tk.o ASC)), tk.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [tk.k], aggs: [string_agg(tk.s, ',':Varchar order_by(tk.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [tk.k, tk.s, ',':Varchar, tk.o, tk.t._row_id] }
@@ -1903,7 +1903,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(s.s, ',':Varchar order_by(s.o ASC)), s.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s.k], aggs: [string_agg(s.s, ',':Varchar order_by(s.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC)), ao.k] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [ao.k], aggs: [string_agg(ao.s, ',':Varchar order_by(ao.o ASC)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 1
+            ├── intermediate state table: 1
             ├── state tables: [ 0 ]
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
index 798765115e48d..b34d92178f43e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [lineitem.l_returnflag ASC, lineitem.l_linestatus ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr6] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_returnflag, lineitem.l_linestatus, sum(lineitem.l_quantity), sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice), sum($expr1), sum($expr2), (sum(lineitem.l_quantity) / count(lineitem.l_quantity)::Decimal) as $expr3, (sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice) / count(lineitem.l_extendedprice)::Decimal) as $expr4, (sum(lineitem.l_discount) / count(lineitem.l_discount)::Decimal) as $expr5, count, Vnode(lineitem.l_returnflag, lineitem.l_linestatus) as $expr6] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_returnflag, lineitem.l_linestatus], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice), sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count(lineitem.l_quantity), count(lineitem.l_extendedprice), sum(lineitem.l_discount), count(lineitem.l_discount), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_returnflag, lineitem.l_linestatus], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice), sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count(lineitem.l_quantity), count(lineitem.l_extendedprice), sum(lineitem.l_discount), count(lineitem.l_discount), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
     Fragment 7
     StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey AND min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) = partsupp.ps_supplycost, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), partsupp.ps_partkey] } { left table: 17, right table: 19, left degree table: 18, right degree table: 20 }
     ├── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
-    │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), count] } { result table: 22, state tables: [ 21 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), count] } { intermediate state table: 22, state tables: [ 21 ], distinct tables: [] }
     │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 23, right table: 25, left degree table: 24, right degree table: 26 }
     │           ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
     │           └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
 
     Fragment 8
     StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [count] } { result table: 27, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 27, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (part.p_size = 4:Int32) AND Like(part.p_type, '%TIN':Varchar) }
                 └── Chain { table: part, columns: [part.p_partkey, part.p_type, part.p_size], pk: [part.p_partkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(part.p_partkey) } { state table: 28 }
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [sum($expr1) DESC, orders.o_orderdate ASC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, sum($expr1), orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_shippriority, Vnode(lineitem.l_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_shippriority) as $expr2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_shippriority], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_shippriority], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [orders.o_orderpriority ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_orderpriority, count, Vnode(orders.o_orderpriority) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_orderpriority], aggs: [count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [sum($expr1) DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, sum($expr1), Vnode(nation.n_name) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum($expr1))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [nation.n_name ASC, nation.n_name ASC, $expr1 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1, sum($expr2), Vnode(nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
@@ -1693,7 +1693,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [$expr1 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr5] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, (sum($expr3) / sum($expr2)) as $expr4, Vnode($expr1) as $expr5] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum($expr3), sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2011,7 +2011,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [nation.n_name ASC, $expr1 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, $expr1, sum($expr2), Vnode(nation.n_name, $expr1) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 2
@@ -2258,7 +2258,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [sum($expr1) DESC], limit: 20, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, sum($expr1), customer.c_acctbal, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_comment, Vnode(customer.c_custkey) as $expr2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1.00:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
                 └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
                     ├── left table: 3
@@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@
             ├── right table: 3
             ├── StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, sum($expr1)] }
             │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [partsupp.ps_partkey], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
-            │       ├── result table: 4
+            │       ├── intermediate state table: 4
             │       ├── state tables: []
             │       ├── distinct tables: []
             │       └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2549,7 +2549,7 @@
 
     Fragment 8
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum(sum($expr2)) * 0.0001000000:Decimal) as $expr3] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr2)), count] } { result table: 16, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr2)), count] } { intermediate state table: 16, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 9
 
     Fragment 9
@@ -2690,7 +2690,7 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [lineitem.l_shipmode ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, sum($expr1), sum($expr2), Vnode(lineitem.l_shipmode) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_shipmode], aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -2821,7 +2821,7 @@
     ├── state table: 1
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [count(orders.o_orderkey), count, Vnode(count(orders.o_orderkey)) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [count(orders.o_orderkey)], aggs: [count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 2
@@ -2829,7 +2829,7 @@
     Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, count(orders.o_orderkey)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey], aggs: [count(orders.o_orderkey), count] }
-        ├── result table: 3
+        ├── intermediate state table: 3
         ├── state tables: []
         ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey] }
@@ -2977,7 +2977,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [((100.00:Decimal * sum(sum($expr1))) / sum(sum($expr2))) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), sum(sum($expr2)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -3159,7 +3159,7 @@
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_suppkey, sum($expr1)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { result table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 5
@@ -3172,11 +3172,11 @@
 
     Fragment 6
     StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(sum($expr1)))] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(sum($expr1))), count] } { result table: 14, state tables: [ 13 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(sum($expr1))), count] } { intermediate state table: 14, state tables: [ 13 ], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 7
 
     Fragment 7
-    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(sum($expr1)), count] } { result table: 16, state tables: [ 15 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(sum($expr1)), count] } { intermediate state table: 16, state tables: [ 15 ], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_suppkey, sum($expr1), Vnode(lineitem.l_suppkey) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
@@ -3326,7 +3326,7 @@
     ├── state table: 1
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size, count(distinct partsupp.ps_suppkey), Vnode(part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size], aggs: [count(distinct partsupp.ps_suppkey), count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: [ (distinct key: partsupp.ps_suppkey, table id: 3) ]
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 2, 3]) from 2
@@ -3530,7 +3530,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [(sum(sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice)) / 7.0:Decimal) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -3542,7 +3542,7 @@
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 2
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey, (0.2:Decimal * (sum(lineitem.l_quantity) / count(lineitem.l_quantity)::Decimal)) as $expr1] }
-                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { result table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                         └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM lineitem.l_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                             ├── left table: 12
                             ├── right table: 14
@@ -3575,7 +3575,7 @@
 
     Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [count] } { result table: 16, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 16, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (part.p_brand = 'Brand#13':Varchar) AND (part.p_container = 'JUMBO PKG':Varchar) }
                 └── Chain { table: part, columns: [part.p_partkey, part.p_brand, part.p_container], pk: [part.p_partkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(part.p_partkey) } { state table: 17 }
@@ -3756,7 +3756,7 @@
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [orders.o_totalprice DESC, orders.o_orderdate ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_name, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_totalprice, sum(lineitem.l_quantity), Vnode(orders.o_orderkey) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { result table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
                 ├── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                 │   ├── left table: 7
@@ -3768,7 +3768,7 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey] }
                     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (sum(lineitem.l_quantity) > 1:Decimal) }
                         └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, sum(lineitem.l_quantity)] }
-                            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { result table: 18, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 18, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 6
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -3948,7 +3948,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [sum(sum($expr1))] }
         └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
@@ -4142,7 +4142,7 @@
             ├── right degree table: 19
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 7
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { result table: 21, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 21, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 8
 
     Fragment 7
@@ -4378,7 +4378,7 @@
     ├── state table: 1
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, count, Vnode(supplier.s_name) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_name], aggs: [count] }
-            ├── result table: 2
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
index ebc0edb068a29..a484d4e2efddc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, min(ps_supplycost)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] } { result table: 26, state tables: [ 25 ], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] } { intermediate state table: 26, state tables: [ 25 ], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, s_nationkey] } { left table: 27, right table: 29, left degree table: 28, right degree table: 30 }
                     ├── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [p_partkey] } { state table: 31 }
                     │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 15
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, sum($expr1)] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue], stream_key: [supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year], pk_columns: [supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, n_name, $expr1, sum($expr2)] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name, n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name, n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
@@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, RoundDigit((sum($expr3) / sum($expr2)), 6:Int32) as $expr4] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum($expr3), sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, $expr1, RoundDigit(sum($expr2), 2:Int32) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_suppkey, output: all } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 5
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [sum(l_quantity), count] } { result table: 20, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [sum(l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 20, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
                         ├── left table: 21
                         ├── right table: 23
@@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@
 
     Fragment 9
     StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [count] } { result table: 25, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 25, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 6
 
     Fragment 10
@@ -2113,7 +2113,10 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, numwait], stream_key: [s_name], pk_columns: [numwait, s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s_name], aggs: [count] } { result table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [s_name], aggs: [count] }
+        ├── intermediate state table: 0
+        ├── state tables: []
+        ├── distinct tables: []
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
index 6c86e00aa2f54..0700225cb98e5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] }
-            ├── result table: 0
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
             ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 48f36e2c1dd36..86aee0c01a7c1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ use itertools::{Either, Itertools};
 use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, StrAssocArr};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, FieldDisplay, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, ColumnOrderDisplay, OrderType};
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding;
 use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
 use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbConstant};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{agg_call_state, AggCallState as AggCallStatePb};
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
         HashMap<usize, TableCatalog>,
     ) {
         (
-            self.infer_result_table(me, vnode_col_idx, window_col_idx),
+            self.infer_intermediate_state_table(me, vnode_col_idx, window_col_idx),
             self.infer_stream_agg_state(me, vnode_col_idx, window_col_idx),
             self.infer_distinct_dedup_tables(me, vnode_col_idx, window_col_idx),
         )
@@ -470,13 +472,43 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    pub fn infer_result_table(
+    /// table schema:
+    /// group key | state for AGG1 | state for AGG2 | ...
+    pub fn infer_intermediate_state_table(
         &self,
         me: &impl GenericPlanRef,
         vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
         window_col_idx: Option<usize>,
     ) -> TableCatalog {
-        let out_fields = me.schema().fields();
+        let mut out_fields = me.schema().fields().to_vec();
+
+        // rewrite data types in fields
+        let in_append_only = self.input.append_only();
+        for (agg_call, field) in self
+            .agg_calls
+            .iter()
+            .zip_eq_fast(&mut out_fields[self.group_key.len()..])
+        {
+            let sig = AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP
+                .get(
+                    agg_call.agg_kind,
+                    &agg_call
+                        .inputs
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|input| (&input.data_type).into())
+                        .collect_vec(),
+                    (&agg_call.return_type).into(),
+                    in_append_only,
+                )
+                .expect("agg not found");
+            if !in_append_only && sig.append_only {
+                // we use materialized input state for non-retractable aggregate function.
+                // for backward compatibility, the state type is same as the return type.
+                // its values in the intermediate state table are always null.
+            } else {
+                field.data_type = sig.state_type.into();
+            }
+        }
         let in_dist_key = self.input.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
         let n_group_key_cols = self.group_key.len();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 1bb6b3226e2c2..3fa4f5aa026e9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
             })
         }
         Node::SimpleAgg(me) => {
-            let result_table = me.core.infer_result_table(base, None, None);
+            let intermediate_state_table = me.core.infer_intermediate_state_table(base, None, None);
             let agg_states = me.core.infer_stream_agg_state(base, None, None);
             let distinct_dedup_tables = me.core.infer_distinct_dedup_tables(base, None, None);
 
@@ -590,8 +590,8 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
                     .collect(),
-                result_table: Some(
-                    result_table
+                intermediate_state_table: Some(
+                    intermediate_state_table
                         .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
                         .to_internal_table_prost(),
                 ),
@@ -624,9 +624,9 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
             PbNodeBody::GroupTopN(group_topn_node)
         }
         Node::HashAgg(me) => {
-            let result_table =
+            let intermediate_state_table =
                 me.core
-                    .infer_result_table(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
+                    .infer_intermediate_state_table(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
             let agg_states =
                 me.core
                     .infer_stream_agg_state(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
@@ -648,8 +648,8 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
                     .collect(),
-                result_table: Some(
-                    result_table
+                intermediate_state_table: Some(
+                    intermediate_state_table
                         .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
                         .to_internal_table_prost(),
                 ),
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                     .map(|&idx| idx as u32)
                     .collect(),
                 agg_call_states: vec![],
-                result_table: None,
+                intermediate_state_table: None,
                 is_append_only: me.input.0.append_only,
                 distinct_dedup_tables: Default::default(),
             })
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
index d4e48a94e417b..5f0cfc16a4171 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamHashAgg }
 impl StreamNode for StreamHashAgg {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
-        let (result_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) =
-            self.logical
-                .infer_tables(&self.base, self.vnode_col_idx, self.window_col_idx);
+        let (intermediate_state_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) = self
+            .logical
+            .infer_tables(&self.base, self.vnode_col_idx, self.window_col_idx);
 
         PbNodeBody::HashAgg(HashAggNode {
             group_key: self.group_key().to_vec_as_u32(),
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamHashAgg {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
                 .collect(),
-            result_table: Some(
-                result_table
+            intermediate_state_table: Some(
+                intermediate_state_table
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
                     .to_internal_table_prost(),
             ),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
index ce3de79153b31..f0c0bab5fae77 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamSimpleAgg }
 impl StreamNode for StreamSimpleAgg {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
-        let (result_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) =
+        let (intermediate_state_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) =
             self.logical.infer_tables(&self.base, None, None);
 
         PbNodeBody::SimpleAgg(SimpleAggNode {
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSimpleAgg {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
                 .collect(),
-            result_table: Some(
-                result_table
+            intermediate_state_table: Some(
+                intermediate_state_table
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
                     .to_internal_table_prost(),
             ),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
index b69ff2b518cbd..639b6c5782bb5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
                 .map(|idx| *idx as u32)
                 .collect_vec(),
             agg_call_states: vec![],
-            result_table: None,
+            intermediate_state_table: None,
             is_append_only: self.input().append_only(),
             distinct_dedup_tables: Default::default(),
         })
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
index 28cab1380dfd0..93acc73bd7957 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ impl StreamGraphFormatter {
             )),
             stream_node::NodeBody::SimpleAgg(inner) => {
                 fields.push((
-                    "result table",
-                    self.pretty_add_table(inner.get_result_table().unwrap()),
+                    "intermediate state table",
+                    self.pretty_add_table(inner.get_intermediate_state_table().unwrap()),
                 ));
                 fields.push(("state tables", self.call_states(&inner.agg_call_states)));
                 fields.push((
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ impl StreamGraphFormatter {
             }
             stream_node::NodeBody::HashAgg(inner) => {
                 fields.push((
-                    "result table",
-                    self.pretty_add_table(inner.get_result_table().unwrap()),
+                    "intermediate state table",
+                    self.pretty_add_table(inner.get_intermediate_state_table().unwrap()),
                 ));
                 fields.push(("state tables", self.call_states(&inner.agg_call_states)));
                 fields.push((
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/test_fragmenter.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/test_fragmenter.rs
index add6811272b04..68cb8125e67d0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/test_fragmenter.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/test_fragmenter.rs
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ fn make_stream_fragments() -> Vec<StreamFragment> {
             distribution_key: Default::default(),
             is_append_only: false,
             agg_call_states: vec![make_agg_call_result_state(), make_agg_call_result_state()],
-            result_table: Some(make_empty_table(1)),
+            intermediate_state_table: Some(make_empty_table(1)),
             ..Default::default()
         })),
         input: vec![filter_node],
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ fn make_stream_fragments() -> Vec<StreamFragment> {
             distribution_key: Default::default(),
             is_append_only: false,
             agg_call_states: vec![make_agg_call_result_state(), make_agg_call_result_state()],
-            result_table: Some(make_empty_table(2)),
+            intermediate_state_table: Some(make_empty_table(2)),
             ..Default::default()
         })),
         fields: vec![], // TODO: fill this later
diff --git a/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs b/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
index ab9703a557531..d686fbdd0f0ad 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::cmp::min;
 use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-use std::ptr::NonNull;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -171,18 +170,6 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize, S: BuildHasher, A: Clone + Al
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn get_mut_unsafe(&mut self, k: &K) -> Option<UnsafeMutGuard<V>> {
-        let v = self.inner.get_mut(k);
-        v.map(|inner| {
-            UnsafeMutGuard::new(
-                inner,
-                &mut self.kv_heap_size,
-                &mut self.last_reported_size_bytes,
-                &mut self.memory_usage_metrics,
-            )
-        })
-    }
-
     pub fn get<Q>(&mut self, k: &Q) -> Option<&V>
     where
         KeyRef<K>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -367,45 +354,3 @@ impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> DerefMut for MutGuard<'a, V> {
         self.inner
     }
 }
-
-pub struct UnsafeMutGuard<V: EstimateSize> {
-    inner: NonNull<V>,
-    // The size of the original value
-    original_val_size: usize,
-    // The total size of a collection
-    total_size: NonNull<usize>,
-    last_reported_size_bytes: NonNull<usize>,
-    memory_usage_metrics: NonNull<IntGauge>,
-}
-
-impl<V: EstimateSize> UnsafeMutGuard<V> {
-    pub fn new(
-        inner: &mut V,
-        total_size: &mut usize,
-        last_reported_size_bytes: &mut usize,
-        memory_usage_metrics: &mut IntGauge,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let original_val_size = inner.estimated_size();
-        Self {
-            inner: inner.into(),
-            original_val_size,
-            total_size: total_size.into(),
-            last_reported_size_bytes: last_reported_size_bytes.into(),
-            memory_usage_metrics: memory_usage_metrics.into(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// 1. Only 1 `MutGuard` should be held for each value.
-    /// 2. The returned `MutGuard` should not be moved to other threads.
-    pub unsafe fn as_mut_guard<'a>(&mut self) -> MutGuard<'a, V> {
-        MutGuard {
-            inner: self.inner.as_mut(),
-            original_val_size: self.original_val_size,
-            total_size: self.total_size.as_mut(),
-            last_reported_size_bytes: self.last_reported_size_bytes.as_mut(),
-            memory_usage_metrics: self.memory_usage_metrics.as_mut(),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index dfdd11732c942..be3c2620ddfe9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -728,9 +728,14 @@ where
             .unwrap_or_else(|e| self.handle_mem_table_error(e));
     }
 
-    fn update_inner(&mut self, key_bytes: Bytes, old_value_bytes: Bytes, new_value_bytes: Bytes) {
+    fn update_inner(
+        &mut self,
+        key_bytes: Bytes,
+        old_value_bytes: Option<Bytes>,
+        new_value_bytes: Bytes,
+    ) {
         self.local_store
-            .insert(key_bytes, new_value_bytes, Some(old_value_bytes))
+            .insert(key_bytes, new_value_bytes, old_value_bytes)
             .unwrap_or_else(|e| self.handle_mem_table_error(e));
     }
 
@@ -776,7 +781,19 @@ where
         let old_value_bytes = self.serialize_value(old_value);
         let new_value_bytes = self.serialize_value(new_value);
 
-        self.update_inner(new_key_bytes, old_value_bytes, new_value_bytes);
+        self.update_inner(new_key_bytes, Some(old_value_bytes), new_value_bytes);
+    }
+
+    /// Update a row without giving old value.
+    ///
+    /// `is_consistent_op` should be set to false.
+    pub fn update_without_old_value(&mut self, new_value: impl Row) {
+        let new_pk = (&new_value).project(self.pk_indices());
+        let new_key_bytes =
+            serialize_pk_with_vnode(new_pk, &self.pk_serde, self.compute_prefix_vnode(new_pk));
+        let new_value_bytes = self.serialize_value(new_value);
+
+        self.update_inner(new_key_bytes, None, new_value_bytes);
     }
 
     /// Write a record into state table. Must have the same schema with the table.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
index 56d9fec20d027..d6d63b4d65b8a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct AggExecutorArgs<S: StateStore, E: AggExecutorExtraArgs> {
     pub agg_calls: Vec<AggCall>,
     pub row_count_index: usize,
     pub storages: Vec<AggStateStorage<S>>,
-    pub result_table: StateTable<S>,
+    pub intermediate_state_table: StateTable<S>,
     pub distinct_dedup_tables: HashMap<usize, StateTable<S>>,
     pub watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
     pub metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
index fb93f600e1fb6..8c7853e2fc7af 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ pub struct AggGroup<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> {
     /// Current managed states for all [`AggCall`]s.
     states: Vec<AggState>,
 
-    /// Previous outputs of managed states. Initializing with `None`.
+    /// Previous outputs of aggregate functions. Initializing with `None`.
     prev_outputs: Option<OwnedRow>,
 
     /// Index of row count agg call (`count(*)`) in the call list.
@@ -195,17 +195,17 @@ impl<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> AggGroup<S, Strtg> {
         agg_calls: &[AggCall],
         agg_funcs: &[BoxedAggregateFunction],
         storages: &[AggStateStorage<S>],
-        result_table: &StateTable<S>,
+        intermediate_state_table: &StateTable<S>,
         pk_indices: &PkIndices,
         row_count_index: usize,
         extreme_cache_size: usize,
         input_schema: &Schema,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Self> {
-        let prev_outputs: Option<OwnedRow> = result_table
+        let encoded_states = intermediate_state_table
             .get_row(group_key.as_ref().map(GroupKey::table_pk))
             .await?;
-        if let Some(prev_outputs) = &prev_outputs {
-            assert_eq!(prev_outputs.len(), agg_calls.len());
+        if let Some(encoded_states) = &encoded_states {
+            assert_eq!(encoded_states.len(), agg_calls.len());
         }
 
         let mut states = Vec::with_capacity(agg_calls.len());
@@ -214,7 +214,50 @@ impl<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> AggGroup<S, Strtg> {
                 agg_call,
                 agg_func,
                 &storages[idx],
-                prev_outputs.as_ref().map(|outputs| &outputs[idx]),
+                encoded_states.as_ref().map(|outputs| &outputs[idx]),
+                pk_indices,
+                extreme_cache_size,
+                input_schema,
+            )?;
+            states.push(state);
+        }
+
+        let mut this = Self {
+            group_key,
+            states,
+            prev_outputs: None, // will be initialized later
+            row_count_index,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        };
+
+        if encoded_states.is_some() {
+            let (_, outputs) = this.get_outputs(storages, agg_funcs).await?;
+            this.prev_outputs = Some(outputs);
+        }
+
+        Ok(this)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a group from encoded states for EOWC. The previous output is set to `None`.
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn create_eowc(
+        group_key: Option<GroupKey>,
+        agg_calls: &[AggCall],
+        agg_funcs: &[BoxedAggregateFunction],
+        storages: &[AggStateStorage<S>],
+        encoded_states: &OwnedRow,
+        pk_indices: &PkIndices,
+        row_count_index: usize,
+        extreme_cache_size: usize,
+        input_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Self> {
+        let mut states = Vec::with_capacity(agg_calls.len());
+        for (idx, (agg_call, agg_func)) in agg_calls.iter().zip_eq_fast(agg_funcs).enumerate() {
+            let state = AggState::create(
+                agg_call,
+                agg_func,
+                &storages[idx],
+                Some(&encoded_states[idx]),
                 pk_indices,
                 extreme_cache_size,
                 input_schema,
@@ -225,7 +268,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> AggGroup<S, Strtg> {
         Ok(Self {
             group_key,
             states,
-            prev_outputs,
+            prev_outputs: None,
             row_count_index,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         })
@@ -314,6 +357,28 @@ impl<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> AggGroup<S, Strtg> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Encode intermediate states.
+    pub fn encode_states(
+        &self,
+        funcs: &[BoxedAggregateFunction],
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<OwnedRow> {
+        let mut encoded_states = Vec::with_capacity(self.states.len());
+        for (state, func) in self.states.iter().zip_eq_fast(funcs) {
+            let encoded = match state {
+                AggState::Value(s) => func.encode_state(s)?,
+                // For minput state, we don't need to store it in state table.
+                AggState::MaterializedInput(_) => None,
+            };
+            encoded_states.push(encoded);
+        }
+        let states = self
+            .group_key()
+            .map(GroupKey::table_row)
+            .chain(OwnedRow::new(encoded_states))
+            .into_owned_row();
+        Ok(states)
+    }
+
     /// Get the outputs of all managed agg states, without group key prefix.
     /// Possibly need to read/sync from state table if the state not cached in memory.
     /// This method is idempotent, i.e. it can be called multiple times and the outputs are
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
index 1bc4028eeac9d..bb59faf40f150 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub enum AggStateStorage<S: StateStore> {
 /// State for single aggregation call. It manages the state cache and interact with the
 /// underlying state store if necessary.
 pub enum AggState {
-    /// State as single scalar value.
+    /// State as a single scalar value.
     /// e.g. `count`, `sum`, append-only `min`/`max`.
     Value(AggregateState),
 
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ impl AggState {
         agg_call: &AggCall,
         agg_func: &BoxedAggregateFunction,
         storage: &AggStateStorage<impl StateStore>,
-        prev_output: Option<&Datum>,
+        encoded_state: Option<&Datum>,
         pk_indices: &PkIndices,
         extreme_cache_size: usize,
         input_schema: &Schema,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Self> {
         Ok(match storage {
             AggStateStorage::Value => {
-                let state = match prev_output {
-                    Some(prev) => AggregateState::Datum(prev.clone()),
+                let state = match encoded_state {
+                    Some(encoded) => agg_func.decode_state(encoded.clone())?,
                     None => agg_func.create_state(),
                 };
                 Self::Value(state)
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
index 7d65e9f787938..0b50875adf847 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggCall};
     use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2, field3, field4]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(min:int4 $2:int4)"); // min(c)
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2, field3, field4]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(max:int4 $2:int4)"); // max(c)
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -494,8 +494,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let agg_call_1 = AggCall::from_pretty("(min:varchar $0:varchar)"); // min(a)
         let agg_call_2 = AggCall::from_pretty("(max:int4 $1:int4)"); // max(b)
-        let agg1 = build(&agg_call_1).unwrap();
-        let agg2 = build(&agg_call_2).unwrap();
+        let agg1 = build_append_only(&agg_call_1).unwrap();
+        let agg2 = build_append_only(&agg_call_2).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table_1, mapping_1) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2, field3, field4]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(max:int4 $1:int4)"); // max(b)
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = Some(GroupKey::new(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(8.into())]), None));
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(min:int4 $0:int4)"); // min(a)
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(min:int4 $0:int4)"); // min(a)
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ mod tests {
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(string_agg:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar orderby $2:asc $0:desc)",
         );
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_schema = Schema::new(vec![field1, field2, field3, field4]);
 
         let agg_call = AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $1:int4 orderby $2:asc $0:desc)");
-        let agg = build(&agg_call).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&agg_call).unwrap();
         let group_key = None;
 
         let (mut table, mapping) = create_mem_state_table(
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 610c2857728b3..38938d23dfc1e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -18,16 +18,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::{stream, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
-use iter_chunks::IterChunks;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, PrecomputedBuildHasher};
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::agg_common::{AggExecutorArgs, HashAggExecutorExtraArgs};
@@ -101,11 +100,11 @@ struct ExecutorInner<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     /// `None` means the agg call need not to maintain a state table by itself.
     storages: Vec<AggStateStorage<S>>,
 
-    /// State table for the previous result of all agg calls.
-    /// The outputs of all managed agg states are collected and stored in this
+    /// Intermediate state table for value-state agg calls.
+    /// The state of all value-state aggregates are collected and stored in this
     /// table when `flush_data` is called.
     /// Also serves as EOWC sort buffer table.
-    result_table: StateTable<S>,
+    intermediate_state_table: StateTable<S>,
 
     /// State tables for deduplicating rows on distinct key for distinct agg calls.
     /// One table per distinct column (may be shared by multiple agg calls).
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> ExecutorInner<K, S> {
     fn all_state_tables_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut StateTable<S>> {
         iter_table_storage(&mut self.storages)
             .chain(self.distinct_dedup_tables.values_mut())
-            .chain(std::iter::once(&mut self.result_table))
+            .chain(std::iter::once(&mut self.intermediate_state_table))
     }
 }
 
@@ -209,7 +208,8 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
 
         let group_key_len = args.extra.group_key_indices.len();
         // NOTE: we assume the prefix of table pk is exactly the group key
-        let group_key_table_pk_projection = &args.result_table.pk_indices()[..group_key_len];
+        let group_key_table_pk_projection =
+            &args.intermediate_state_table.pk_indices()[..group_key_len];
         assert!(group_key_table_pk_projection
             .iter()
             .sorted()
@@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                 input_schema: input_info.schema,
                 group_key_indices: args.extra.group_key_indices,
                 group_key_table_pk_projection: group_key_table_pk_projection.to_vec().into(),
-                agg_funcs: args.agg_calls.iter().map(build).try_collect()?,
+                agg_funcs: args.agg_calls.iter().map(build_retractable).try_collect()?,
                 agg_calls: args.agg_calls,
                 row_count_index: args.row_count_index,
                 storages: args.storages,
-                result_table: args.result_table,
+                intermediate_state_table: args.intermediate_state_table,
                 distinct_dedup_tables: args.distinct_dedup_tables,
                 watermark_epoch: args.watermark_epoch,
                 extreme_cache_size: args.extreme_cache_size,
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                     stats.lookup_miss_count += 1;
                     Some(async {
                         // Create `AggGroup` for the current group if not exists. This will
-                        // fetch previous agg result from the result table.
+                        // restore agg states from the intermediate state table.
                         let agg_group = AggGroup::create(
                             Some(GroupKey::new(
                                 key.deserialize(group_key_types)?,
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                             &this.agg_calls,
                             &this.agg_funcs,
                             &this.storages,
-                            &this.result_table,
+                            &this.intermediate_state_table,
                             &this.input_pk_indices,
                             this.row_count_index,
                             this.extreme_cache_size,
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
     ) {
         // Update metrics.
         let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
-        let table_id_str = this.result_table.table_id().to_string();
+        let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
         this.metrics
             .agg_lookup_miss_count
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
@@ -434,70 +434,79 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         let window_watermark = vars.window_watermark.take();
         let n_dirty_group = vars.group_change_set.len();
 
-        let futs_of_all_groups = vars
-            .group_change_set
-            .drain()
-            .map(|key| {
-                // Get agg group of the key.
-                vars.agg_group_cache
-                    .get_mut_unsafe(&key)
-                    .expect("changed group must have corresponding AggGroup")
-            })
-            .map(|mut agg_group| {
-                let storages = &this.storages;
-                let funcs = &this.agg_funcs;
-                // SAFETY:
-                // 1. `key`s in `keys_in_batch` are unique by nature, because they're
-                // from `group_change_set` which is a set.
-                //
-                // 2. `MutGuard` should not be sent to other tasks.
-                let mut agg_group = unsafe { agg_group.as_mut_guard() };
-                async move {
-                    // Build aggregate result change.
-                    agg_group.build_change(storages, funcs).await
-                }
-            });
-
-        // TODO(rc): figure out a more reasonable concurrency limit.
-        const MAX_CONCURRENT_TASKS: usize = 100;
-        let mut futs_batches = IterChunks::chunks(futs_of_all_groups, MAX_CONCURRENT_TASKS);
-        while let Some(futs) = futs_batches.next() {
-            // Compute agg result changes for each group, and emit changes accordingly.
-            let changes = futures::future::try_join_all(futs).await?;
-
-            // Emit from changes
+        // flush changed states into intermediate state table
+        for key in &vars.group_change_set {
+            let agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(key).unwrap();
+            let encoded_states = agg_group.encode_states(&this.agg_funcs)?;
             if this.emit_on_window_close {
-                for change in changes.into_iter().flatten() {
-                    // For EOWC, write change to the sort buffer.
-                    vars.buffer.apply_change(change, &mut this.result_table);
-                }
+                vars.buffer
+                    .update_without_old_value(encoded_states, &mut this.intermediate_state_table);
             } else {
-                for change in changes.into_iter().flatten() {
-                    // For EOU, write change to result table and directly yield the change.
-                    this.result_table.write_record(change.as_ref());
-                    if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.append_record(change) {
-                        yield chunk;
-                    }
-                }
+                this.intermediate_state_table
+                    .update_without_old_value(encoded_states);
             }
         }
 
-        // Emit remaining results from result table.
         if this.emit_on_window_close {
+            // remove all groups under watermark and emit their results
             if let Some(watermark) = window_watermark.as_ref() {
                 #[for_await]
                 for row in vars
                     .buffer
-                    .consume(watermark.clone(), &mut this.result_table)
+                    .consume(watermark.clone(), &mut this.intermediate_state_table)
                 {
                     let row = row?;
-                    if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.append_row(Op::Insert, row) {
+                    let group_key = row
+                        .clone()
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .take(this.group_key_indices.len())
+                        .collect();
+                    let states = row.into_iter().skip(this.group_key_indices.len()).collect();
+
+                    let mut agg_group = AggGroup::create_eowc(
+                        Some(GroupKey::new(
+                            group_key,
+                            Some(this.group_key_table_pk_projection.clone()),
+                        )),
+                        &this.agg_calls,
+                        &this.agg_funcs,
+                        &this.storages,
+                        &states,
+                        &this.input_pk_indices,
+                        this.row_count_index,
+                        this.extreme_cache_size,
+                        &this.input_schema,
+                    )?;
+
+                    let change = agg_group
+                        .build_change(&this.storages, &this.agg_funcs)
+                        .await?;
+                    if let Some(change) = change {
+                        if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.append_record(change) {
+                            yield chunk;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // emit on update
+            // TODO(wrj,rc): we may need to parallelize it and set a reasonable concurrency limit.
+            for group_key in &vars.group_change_set {
+                let mut agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(group_key).unwrap();
+                let change = agg_group
+                    .build_change(&this.storages, &this.agg_funcs)
+                    .await?;
+                if let Some(change) = change {
+                    if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.append_record(change) {
                         yield chunk;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        // clear the change set
+        vars.group_change_set.clear();
+
         // Yield the remaining rows in chunk builder.
         if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.take() {
             yield chunk;
@@ -537,14 +546,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             inner: mut this,
         } = self;
 
-        let window_col_idx_in_group_key = this.result_table.pk_indices()[0];
+        let window_col_idx_in_group_key = this.intermediate_state_table.pk_indices()[0];
         let window_col_idx = this.group_key_indices[window_col_idx_in_group_key];
 
         let agg_group_cache_metrics_info = MetricsInfo::new(
             this.metrics.clone(),
-            this.result_table.table_id(),
+            this.intermediate_state_table.table_id(),
             this.actor_ctx.id,
-            "agg result table",
+            "agg intermediate state table",
         );
 
         let mut vars = ExecutionVars {
@@ -565,7 +574,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             buffered_watermarks: vec![None; this.group_key_indices.len()],
             window_watermark: None,
             chunk_builder: StreamChunkBuilder::new(this.chunk_size, this.info.schema.data_types()),
-            buffer: SortBuffer::new(window_col_idx_in_group_key, &this.result_table),
+            buffer: SortBuffer::new(window_col_idx_in_group_key, &this.intermediate_state_table),
         };
 
         // TODO(rc): use something like a `ColumnMapping` type
@@ -631,7 +640,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
 
                     // Update the vnode bitmap for state tables of all agg calls if asked.
                     if let Some(vnode_bitmap) = barrier.as_update_vnode_bitmap(this.actor_ctx.id) {
-                        let previous_vnode_bitmap = this.result_table.vnodes().clone();
+                        let previous_vnode_bitmap = this.intermediate_state_table.vnodes().clone();
                         this.all_state_tables_mut().for_each(|table| {
                             let _ = table.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap.clone());
                         });
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
index 34dc4c295fe1e..b0382aa12f342 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use anyhow::Context;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use multimap::MultiMap;
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ impl StreamConsumer for SenderConsumer {
                 let msg = item?;
                 let barrier = msg.as_barrier().cloned();
 
-                channel.send(msg).await.context("failed to send message")?;
+                channel.send(msg).await.expect("failed to send message");
 
                 if let Some(barrier) = barrier {
                     yield barrier;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
index a3109db69b4e3..b50f53977dc84 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::agg_common::{AggExecutorArgs, SimpleAggExecutorExtraArgs};
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ struct ExecutorInner<S: StateStore> {
     /// State storage for each agg calls.
     storages: Vec<AggStateStorage<S>>,
 
-    /// State table for the previous result of all agg calls.
-    /// The outputs of all managed agg states are collected and stored in this
+    /// Intermediate state table for value-state agg calls.
+    /// The state of all value-state aggregates are collected and stored in this
     /// table when `flush_data` is called.
-    result_table: StateTable<S>,
+    intermediate_state_table: StateTable<S>,
 
     /// State tables for deduplicating rows on distinct key for distinct agg calls.
     /// One table per distinct column (may be shared by multiple agg calls).
@@ -95,11 +95,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ExecutorInner<S> {
     fn all_state_tables_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut StateTable<S>> {
         iter_table_storage(&mut self.storages)
             .chain(self.distinct_dedup_tables.values_mut())
-            .chain(std::iter::once(&mut self.result_table))
-    }
-
-    fn all_state_tables_except_result_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut StateTable<S>> {
-        iter_table_storage(&mut self.storages).chain(self.distinct_dedup_tables.values_mut())
+            .chain(std::iter::once(&mut self.intermediate_state_table))
     }
 }
 
@@ -147,11 +143,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SimpleAggExecutor<S> {
                 },
                 input_pk_indices: input_info.pk_indices,
                 input_schema: input_info.schema,
-                agg_funcs: args.agg_calls.iter().map(build).try_collect()?,
+                agg_funcs: args.agg_calls.iter().map(build_retractable).try_collect()?,
                 agg_calls: args.agg_calls,
                 row_count_index: args.row_count_index,
                 storages: args.storages,
-                result_table: args.result_table,
+                intermediate_state_table: args.intermediate_state_table,
                 distinct_dedup_tables: args.distinct_dedup_tables,
                 watermark_epoch: args.watermark_epoch,
                 extreme_cache_size: args.extreme_cache_size,
@@ -220,30 +216,22 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SimpleAggExecutor<S> {
             vars.distinct_dedup
                 .flush(&mut this.distinct_dedup_tables, this.actor_ctx.clone())?;
 
-            // Commit all state tables except for result table.
+            // Flush states into intermediate state table.
+            let encoded_states = vars.agg_group.encode_states(&this.agg_funcs)?;
+            this.intermediate_state_table
+                .update_without_old_value(encoded_states);
+
+            // Commit all state tables.
             futures::future::try_join_all(
-                this.all_state_tables_except_result_mut()
-                    .map(|table| table.commit(epoch)),
+                this.all_state_tables_mut().map(|table| table.commit(epoch)),
             )
             .await?;
 
             // Retrieve modified states and put the changes into the builders.
-            match vars
-                .agg_group
+            vars.agg_group
                 .build_change(&this.storages, &this.agg_funcs)
                 .await?
-            {
-                Some(change) => {
-                    this.result_table.write_record(change.as_ref());
-                    this.result_table.commit(epoch).await?;
-                    Some(change.to_stream_chunk(&this.info.schema.data_types()))
-                }
-                None => {
-                    // Agg result is not changed.
-                    this.result_table.commit_no_data_expected(epoch);
-                    None
-                }
-            }
+                .map(|change| change.to_stream_chunk(&this.info.schema.data_types()))
         } else {
             // No state is changed.
             // Call commit on state table to increment the epoch.
@@ -271,13 +259,13 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SimpleAggExecutor<S> {
         });
 
         let mut vars = ExecutionVars {
-            // Create `AggGroup`. This will fetch previous agg result from the result table.
+            // This will fetch previous agg states from the intermediate state table.
             agg_group: AggGroup::create(
                 None,
                 &this.agg_calls,
                 &this.agg_funcs,
                 &this.storages,
-                &this.result_table,
+                &this.intermediate_state_table,
                 &this.input_pk_indices,
                 this.row_count_index,
                 this.extreme_cache_size,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
index 2a4cd4bf6ad78..709597109af14 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
@@ -118,6 +118,18 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SortBuffer<S> {
         self.cache.insert(key, new_row.into_owned_row());
     }
 
+    /// Update a row in the buffer without giving the old value.
+    pub fn update_without_old_value(
+        &mut self,
+        new_row: impl Row,
+        buffer_table: &mut StateTable<S>,
+    ) {
+        buffer_table.update_without_old_value(&new_row);
+        let key = row_to_cache_key(self.sort_column_index, &new_row, buffer_table);
+        self.cache.delete(&key);
+        self.cache.insert(key, new_row.into_owned_row());
+    }
+
     /// Apply a change to the buffer, insert/delete/update.
     pub fn apply_change(&mut self, change: Record<impl Row>, buffer_table: &mut StateTable<S>) {
         match change {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
index cf2abbebae8ee..150530e4ebb77 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build, AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 
 use super::aggregation::{agg_call_filter_res, generate_agg_schema};
 use super::error::StreamExecutorError;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
             pk_indices,
             identity: format!("StatelessSimpleAggExecutor-{}", executor_id),
         };
-        let aggs = agg_calls.iter().map(build).try_collect()?;
+        let aggs = agg_calls.iter().map(build_retractable).try_collect()?;
 
         Ok(StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
             ctx,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index 95479f448b895..3c06c36e41b47 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create result state table for agg executor.
-    pub async fn create_result_table<S: StateStore>(
+    /// Create intermediate state table for agg executor.
+    pub async fn create_intermediate_state_table<S: StateStore>(
         store: S,
         table_id: TableId,
         agg_calls: &[AggCall],
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             add_column_desc(agg_call.return_type.clone());
         });
 
-        StateTable::new_without_distribution(
+        StateTable::new_without_distribution_inconsistent_op(
             store,
             table_id,
             column_descs,
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             )
         }
 
-        let result_table = create_result_table(
+        let intermediate_state_table = create_intermediate_state_table(
             store,
             TableId::new(agg_calls.len() as u32),
             &agg_calls,
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             agg_calls,
             row_count_index,
             storages,
-            result_table,
+            intermediate_state_table,
             distinct_dedup_tables: Default::default(),
             watermark_epoch: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
             metrics: Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             )
         }
 
-        let result_table = create_result_table(
+        let intermediate_state_table = create_intermediate_state_table(
             store,
             TableId::new(agg_calls.len() as u32),
             &agg_calls,
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             agg_calls,
             row_count_index,
             storages,
-            result_table,
+            intermediate_state_table,
             distinct_dedup_tables: Default::default(),
             watermark_epoch: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
             metrics: Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
index c0f09d1c504f6..3d110624c2784 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
@@ -84,8 +84,9 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashAggExecutorBuilder {
             vnodes.clone(),
         )
         .await;
-        let result_table = StateTable::from_table_catalog(
-            node.get_result_table().unwrap(),
+        // disable sanity check so that old value is not required when updating states
+        let intermediate_state_table = StateTable::from_table_catalog_inconsistent_op(
+            node.get_intermediate_state_table().unwrap(),
             store.clone(),
             vnodes.clone(),
         )
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashAggExecutorBuilder {
                 agg_calls,
                 row_count_index: node.get_row_count_index() as usize,
                 storages,
-                result_table,
+                intermediate_state_table,
                 distinct_dedup_tables,
                 watermark_epoch: stream.get_watermark_epoch(),
                 metrics: params.executor_stats,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
index 78ab66df47ae0..403d82dc02e9a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
@@ -46,9 +46,13 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SimpleAggExecutorBuilder {
         let storages =
             build_agg_state_storages_from_proto(node.get_agg_call_states(), store.clone(), None)
                 .await;
-        let result_table =
-            StateTable::from_table_catalog(node.get_result_table().unwrap(), store.clone(), None)
-                .await;
+        // disable sanity check so that old value is not required when updating states
+        let intermediate_state_table = StateTable::from_table_catalog_inconsistent_op(
+            node.get_intermediate_state_table().unwrap(),
+            store.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await;
         let distinct_dedup_tables =
             build_distinct_dedup_table_from_proto(node.get_distinct_dedup_tables(), store, None)
                 .await;
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SimpleAggExecutorBuilder {
             agg_calls,
             row_count_index: node.get_row_count_index() as usize,
             storages,
-            result_table,
+            intermediate_state_table,
             distinct_dedup_tables,
             watermark_epoch: stream.get_watermark_epoch(),
             metrics: params.executor_stats,

From c07633a0c0c28ee41b91f8210d35a4a2c99c8685 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 13:44:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 046/430] fix(ci): fix regress test download of `locales`
 (#12296)

---
 ci/scripts/regress-test.sh | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh b/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
index e32eb2c9ad666..aa1ba7836dc57 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ mv target/debug/risingwave_regress_test-"$profile" target/debug/risingwave_regre
 chmod +x ./target/debug/risingwave_regress_test
 
 echo "--- Postgres regress test"
+apt-get -y update
 apt-get -y install locales
 locale-gen C
 export LANGUAGE=C

From 1aadfd0d6ebd533037da4ad6c47b7e437e0db494 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 13:55:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 047/430] refactor(sink): impl RowEncoder for JsonEncoder
 (#12264)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs | 309 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs  |  80 ++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs        |  19 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs      |  21 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs          |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs       |   9 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs        | 322 ++-----------------------
 7 files changed, 446 insertions(+), 315 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e4fe775f6306c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use base64::engine::general_purpose;
+use base64::Engine as _;
+use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ArrayResult};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
+
+use super::{Result, RowEncoder, SerTo, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::sink::SinkError;
+
+pub struct JsonEncoder<'a> {
+    schema: &'a Schema,
+    col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+    timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+}
+
+impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
+    pub fn new(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+        timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            schema,
+            col_indices,
+            timestamp_handling_mode,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> RowEncoder for JsonEncoder<'a> {
+    type Output = Map<String, Value>;
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.col_indices
+    }
+
+    fn encode_cols(
+        &self,
+        row: impl Row,
+        col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Output> {
+        let mut mappings = Map::with_capacity(self.schema.len());
+        for idx in col_indices {
+            let field = &self.schema[idx];
+            let key = field.name.clone();
+            let value =
+                datum_to_json_object(field, row.datum_at(idx), self.timestamp_handling_mode)
+                    .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
+            mappings.insert(key, value);
+        }
+        Ok(mappings)
+    }
+}
+
+impl SerTo<String> for Map<String, Value> {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> Result<String> {
+        Value::Object(self).ser_to()
+    }
+}
+
+impl SerTo<String> for Value {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> Result<String> {
+        Ok(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+fn datum_to_json_object(
+    field: &Field,
+    datum: DatumRef<'_>,
+    timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+) -> ArrayResult<Value> {
+    let scalar_ref = match datum {
+        None => return Ok(Value::Null),
+        Some(datum) => datum,
+    };
+
+    let data_type = field.data_type();
+
+    tracing::debug!("datum_to_json_object: {:?}, {:?}", data_type, scalar_ref);
+
+    let value = match (data_type, scalar_ref) {
+        (DataType::Boolean, ScalarRefImpl::Bool(v)) => {
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Int16, ScalarRefImpl::Int16(v)) => {
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Int32, ScalarRefImpl::Int32(v)) => {
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Int64, ScalarRefImpl::Int64(v)) => {
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Float32, ScalarRefImpl::Float32(v)) => {
+            json!(f32::from(v))
+        }
+        (DataType::Float64, ScalarRefImpl::Float64(v)) => {
+            json!(f64::from(v))
+        }
+        (DataType::Varchar, ScalarRefImpl::Utf8(v)) => {
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Decimal, ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(v)) => {
+            json!(v.to_text())
+        }
+        (DataType::Timestamptz, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamptz(v)) => {
+            // risingwave's timestamp with timezone is stored in UTC and does not maintain the
+            // timezone info and the time is in microsecond.
+            let parsed = v.to_datetime_utc().naive_utc();
+            let v = parsed.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f").to_string();
+            json!(v)
+        }
+        (DataType::Time, ScalarRefImpl::Time(v)) => {
+            // todo: just ignore the nanos part to avoid leap second complex
+            json!(v.0.num_seconds_from_midnight() as i64 * 1000)
+        }
+        (DataType::Date, ScalarRefImpl::Date(v)) => {
+            json!(v.0.num_days_from_ce())
+        }
+        (DataType::Timestamp, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamp(v)) => match timestamp_handling_mode {
+            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli => json!(v.0.timestamp_millis()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String => json!(v.0.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f").to_string()),
+        },
+        (DataType::Bytea, ScalarRefImpl::Bytea(v)) => {
+            json!(general_purpose::STANDARD_NO_PAD.encode(v))
+        }
+        // P<years>Y<months>M<days>DT<hours>H<minutes>M<seconds>S
+        (DataType::Interval, ScalarRefImpl::Interval(v)) => {
+            json!(v.as_iso_8601())
+        }
+        (DataType::Jsonb, ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => {
+            json!(jsonb_ref.to_string())
+        }
+        (DataType::List(datatype), ScalarRefImpl::List(list_ref)) => {
+            let elems = list_ref.iter();
+            let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(elems.len());
+            let inner_field = Field::unnamed(Box::<DataType>::into_inner(datatype));
+            for sub_datum_ref in elems {
+                let value =
+                    datum_to_json_object(&inner_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
+                vec.push(value);
+            }
+            json!(vec)
+        }
+        (DataType::Struct(st), ScalarRefImpl::Struct(struct_ref)) => {
+            let mut map = Map::with_capacity(st.len());
+            for (sub_datum_ref, sub_field) in struct_ref.iter_fields_ref().zip_eq_debug(
+                st.iter()
+                    .map(|(name, dt)| Field::with_name(dt.clone(), name)),
+            ) {
+                let value =
+                    datum_to_json_object(&sub_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
+                map.insert(sub_field.name.clone(), value);
+            }
+            json!(map)
+        }
+        (data_type, scalar_ref) => {
+            return Err(ArrayError::internal(
+                format!("datum_to_json_object: unsupported data type: field name: {:?}, logical type: {:?}, physical type: {:?}", field.name, data_type, scalar_ref),
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(value)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+
+    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp};
+
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_json_basic_type() {
+        let mock_field = Field {
+            data_type: DataType::Boolean,
+            name: Default::default(),
+            sub_fields: Default::default(),
+            type_name: Default::default(),
+        };
+        let boolean_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Boolean,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(boolean_value, json!(false));
+
+        let int16_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int16,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(16).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(int16_value, json!(16));
+
+        let int64_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int64,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(std::i64::MAX).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_string(&int64_value).unwrap(),
+            std::i64::MAX.to_string()
+        );
+
+        // https://github.com/debezium/debezium/blob/main/debezium-core/src/main/java/io/debezium/time/ZonedTimestamp.java
+        let tstz_inner = "2018-01-26T18:30:09.453Z".parse().unwrap();
+        let tstz_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Timestamptz,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(tstz_inner).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tstz_value, "2018-01-26 18:30:09.453000");
+
+        let ts_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(
+                ScalarImpl::Timestamp(Timestamp::from_timestamp_uncheck(1000, 0))
+                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
+            ),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ts_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
+
+        let ts_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(
+                ScalarImpl::Timestamp(Timestamp::from_timestamp_uncheck(1000, 0))
+                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
+            ),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ts_value, json!("1970-01-01 00:16:40.000000".to_string()));
+
+        // Represents the number of microseconds past midnigh, io.debezium.time.Time
+        let time_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Time,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(
+                ScalarImpl::Time(Time::from_num_seconds_from_midnight_uncheck(1000, 0))
+                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
+            ),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(time_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
+
+        let interval_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Interval,
+                ..mock_field
+            },
+            Some(
+                ScalarImpl::Interval(Interval::from_month_day_usec(13, 2, 1000000))
+                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
+            ),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(interval_value, json!("P1Y1M2DT0H0M1S"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..83f185935a44e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+
+use crate::sink::Result;
+
+mod json;
+
+pub use json::JsonEncoder;
+
+/// Encode a row of a relation into
+/// * an object in json
+/// * a message in protobuf
+/// * a record in avro
+pub trait RowEncoder {
+    type Output: SerTo<Vec<u8>>;
+
+    fn encode_cols(
+        &self,
+        row: impl Row,
+        col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Output>;
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema;
+    fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]>;
+
+    fn encode(&self, row: impl Row) -> Result<Self::Output> {
+        assert_eq!(row.len(), self.schema().len());
+        match self.col_indices() {
+            Some(col_indices) => self.encode_cols(row, col_indices.iter().copied()),
+            None => self.encode_cols(row, 0..self.schema().len()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Do the actual encoding from
+/// * an json object
+/// * a protobuf message
+/// * an avro record
+/// into
+/// * string (required by kinesis key)
+/// * bytes
+///
+/// This is like `TryInto` but allows us to `impl<T: SerTo<String>> SerTo<Vec<u8>> for T`.
+///
+/// Shall we consider `impl serde::Serialize` in the future?
+pub trait SerTo<T> {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> Result<T>;
+}
+
+impl<T: SerTo<String>> SerTo<Vec<u8>> for T {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.ser_to().map(|s: String| s.into_bytes())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SerTo<T> for T {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> Result<T> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Useful for both json and protobuf
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum TimestampHandlingMode {
+    Milli,
+    String,
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index aee99da2b74bb..72234bcbbb907 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::Value;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use super::{
     Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
     SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
@@ -546,10 +547,17 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
         let schema = self.schema.clone();
         let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
+        let key_encoder =
+            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
         // Initialize the upsert_stream
-        let upsert_stream =
-            gen_upsert_message_stream(&schema, &pk_indices, chunk, UpsertAdapterOpts::default());
+        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
+            chunk,
+            UpsertAdapterOpts::default(),
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
+        );
 
         #[for_await]
         for msg in upsert_stream {
@@ -564,13 +572,16 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
         let schema = self.schema.clone();
         let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
+        let key_encoder =
+            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
         // Initialize the append_only_stream
         let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
-            &schema,
-            &pk_indices,
             chunk,
             AppendOnlyAdapterOpts::default(),
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
         );
 
         #[for_await]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 7ef608b6c6372..b73b48771c2bd 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
 use super::SinkParam;
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::utils::{
     gen_append_only_message_stream, gen_debezium_message_stream, gen_upsert_message_stream,
     AppendOnlyAdapterOpts, DebeziumAdapterOpts, UpsertAdapterOpts,
@@ -202,11 +203,17 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
     }
 
     async fn upsert(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
+        let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
             &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
+            Some(&self.pk_indices),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+        );
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
             chunk,
             UpsertAdapterOpts::default(),
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
         );
 
         crate::impl_load_stream_write_record!(upsert_stream, self.put_record);
@@ -214,11 +221,17 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
     }
 
     async fn append_only(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
+        let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
             &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
+            Some(&self.pk_indices),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+        );
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
             chunk,
             AppendOnlyAdapterOpts::default(),
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
         );
 
         crate::impl_load_stream_write_record!(append_only_stream, self.put_record);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index c2a0f3019c942..3e785edc7a9e9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ pub mod boxed;
 pub mod catalog;
 pub mod clickhouse;
 pub mod coordinate;
+pub mod encoder;
 pub mod iceberg;
 pub mod kafka;
 pub mod kinesis;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 403ee4c7b73e5..046d29bc687b5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Sender, UnboundedReceiver};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{error, warn};
 
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
 use crate::sink::iceberg::REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK;
-use crate::sink::utils::{record_to_json, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::SinkError::Remote;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkParam,
@@ -351,12 +351,9 @@ where
         let payload = match self.payload_format {
             SinkPayloadFormat::Json => {
                 let mut row_ops = vec![];
+                let enc = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String);
                 for (op, row_ref) in chunk.rows() {
-                    let map = record_to_json(
-                        row_ref,
-                        &self.schema.fields,
-                        TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-                    )?;
+                    let map = enc.encode(row_ref)?;
                     let row_op = RowOp {
                         op_type: op.to_protobuf() as i32,
                         line: serde_json::to_string(&map)
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index 1eb2f91e9af22..cb3023b9e4f9b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -12,19 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use base64::engine::general_purpose;
-use base64::Engine as _;
-use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::Op;
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ArrayResult, RowRef, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::row::Row;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::{ZipEqDebug, ZipEqFast};
 use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
 use tracing::warn;
 
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError};
 
 const DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX: &str = "RisingWave";
@@ -62,6 +57,9 @@ pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
 
     let mut update_cache: Option<Map<String, Value>> = None;
 
+    let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, Some(pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+    let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
     for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
         let event_key_object: Option<Value> = Some(json!({
             "schema": json!({
@@ -70,14 +68,14 @@ pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
                 "optional": false,
                 "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
             }),
-            "payload": pk_to_json(row, &schema.fields, pk_indices)?,
+            "payload": key_encoder.encode(row)?,
         }));
         let event_object: Option<Value> = match op {
             Op::Insert => Some(json!({
                 "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
                 "payload": {
                     "before": null,
-                    "after": record_to_json(row, &schema.fields, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli)?,
+                    "after": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
                     "op": "c",
                     "ts_ms": ts_ms,
                     "source": source_field,
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
                 let value_obj = Some(json!({
                     "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
                     "payload": {
-                        "before": record_to_json(row, &schema.fields, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli)?,
+                        "before": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
                         "after": null,
                         "op": "d",
                         "ts_ms": ts_ms,
@@ -105,11 +103,7 @@ pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
                 continue;
             }
             Op::UpdateDelete => {
-                update_cache = Some(record_to_json(
-                    row,
-                    &schema.fields,
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                )?);
+                update_cache = Some(val_encoder.encode(row)?);
                 continue;
             }
             Op::UpdateInsert => {
@@ -118,7 +112,7 @@ pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
                         "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
                         "payload": {
                             "before": before,
-                            "after": record_to_json(row, &schema.fields, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli)?,
+                            "after": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
                             "op": "u",
                             "ts_ms": ts_ms,
                             "source": source_field,
@@ -245,186 +239,38 @@ pub(crate) fn field_to_json(field: &Field) -> Value {
     })
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn pk_to_json(
-    row: RowRef<'_>,
-    schema: &[Field],
-    pk_indices: &[usize],
-) -> Result<Map<String, Value>> {
-    let mut mappings = Map::with_capacity(schema.len());
-    for idx in pk_indices {
-        let field = &schema[*idx];
-        let key = field.name.clone();
-        let value = datum_to_json_object(field, row.datum_at(*idx), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli)
-            .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
-        mappings.insert(key, value);
-    }
-    Ok(mappings)
-}
-
 pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
     let mut records: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
     for (_, row) in chunk.rows() {
-        let record = Value::Object(record_to_json(
-            row,
-            &schema.fields,
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-        )?);
+        let record = Value::Object(encoder.encode(row)?);
         records.push(record.to_string());
     }
 
     Ok(records)
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum TimestampHandlingMode {
-    Milli,
-    String,
-}
-
-pub fn record_to_json(
-    row: RowRef<'_>,
-    schema: &[Field],
-    timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
-) -> Result<Map<String, Value>> {
-    let mut mappings = Map::with_capacity(schema.len());
-    for (field, datum_ref) in schema.iter().zip_eq_fast(row.iter()) {
-        let key = field.name.clone();
-        let value = datum_to_json_object(field, datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)
-            .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
-        mappings.insert(key, value);
-    }
-    Ok(mappings)
-}
-
-fn datum_to_json_object(
-    field: &Field,
-    datum: DatumRef<'_>,
-    timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
-) -> ArrayResult<Value> {
-    let scalar_ref = match datum {
-        None => return Ok(Value::Null),
-        Some(datum) => datum,
-    };
-
-    let data_type = field.data_type();
-
-    tracing::debug!("datum_to_json_object: {:?}, {:?}", data_type, scalar_ref);
-
-    let value = match (data_type, scalar_ref) {
-        (DataType::Boolean, ScalarRefImpl::Bool(v)) => {
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int16, ScalarRefImpl::Int16(v)) => {
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int32, ScalarRefImpl::Int32(v)) => {
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int64, ScalarRefImpl::Int64(v)) => {
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Float32, ScalarRefImpl::Float32(v)) => {
-            json!(f32::from(v))
-        }
-        (DataType::Float64, ScalarRefImpl::Float64(v)) => {
-            json!(f64::from(v))
-        }
-        (DataType::Varchar, ScalarRefImpl::Utf8(v)) => {
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Decimal, ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(v)) => {
-            json!(v.to_text())
-        }
-        (DataType::Timestamptz, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamptz(v)) => {
-            // risingwave's timestamp with timezone is stored in UTC and does not maintain the
-            // timezone info and the time is in microsecond.
-            let parsed = v.to_datetime_utc().naive_utc();
-            let v = parsed.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f").to_string();
-            json!(v)
-        }
-        (DataType::Time, ScalarRefImpl::Time(v)) => {
-            // todo: just ignore the nanos part to avoid leap second complex
-            json!(v.0.num_seconds_from_midnight() as i64 * 1000)
-        }
-        (DataType::Date, ScalarRefImpl::Date(v)) => {
-            json!(v.0.num_days_from_ce())
-        }
-        (DataType::Timestamp, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamp(v)) => match timestamp_handling_mode {
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli => json!(v.0.timestamp_millis()),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String => json!(v.0.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f").to_string()),
-        },
-        (DataType::Bytea, ScalarRefImpl::Bytea(v)) => {
-            json!(general_purpose::STANDARD_NO_PAD.encode(v))
-        }
-        // P<years>Y<months>M<days>DT<hours>H<minutes>M<seconds>S
-        (DataType::Interval, ScalarRefImpl::Interval(v)) => {
-            json!(v.as_iso_8601())
-        }
-        (DataType::Jsonb, ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => {
-            json!(jsonb_ref.to_string())
-        }
-        (DataType::List(datatype), ScalarRefImpl::List(list_ref)) => {
-            let elems = list_ref.iter();
-            let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(elems.len());
-            let inner_field = Field::unnamed(Box::<DataType>::into_inner(datatype));
-            for sub_datum_ref in elems {
-                let value =
-                    datum_to_json_object(&inner_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
-                vec.push(value);
-            }
-            json!(vec)
-        }
-        (DataType::Struct(st), ScalarRefImpl::Struct(struct_ref)) => {
-            let mut map = Map::with_capacity(st.len());
-            for (sub_datum_ref, sub_field) in struct_ref.iter_fields_ref().zip_eq_debug(
-                st.iter()
-                    .map(|(name, dt)| Field::with_name(dt.clone(), name)),
-            ) {
-                let value =
-                    datum_to_json_object(&sub_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
-                map.insert(sub_field.name.clone(), value);
-            }
-            json!(map)
-        }
-        (data_type, scalar_ref) => {
-            return Err(ArrayError::internal(
-                format!("datum_to_json_object: unsupported data type: field name: {:?}, logical type: {:?}, physical type: {:?}", field.name, data_type, scalar_ref),
-            ));
-        }
-    };
-
-    Ok(value)
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct UpsertAdapterOpts {}
 
 #[try_stream(ok = (Option<Value>, Option<Value>), error = SinkError)]
 pub async fn gen_upsert_message_stream<'a>(
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    pk_indices: &'a [usize],
     chunk: StreamChunk,
     _opts: UpsertAdapterOpts,
+    key_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
+    val_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
 ) {
     for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
-        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(pk_to_json(row, &schema.fields, pk_indices)?));
+        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(key_encoder.encode(row)?));
 
         let event_object = match op {
-            Op::Insert => Some(Value::Object(record_to_json(
-                row,
-                &schema.fields,
-                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-            )?)),
+            Op::Insert => Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?)),
             Op::Delete => Some(Value::Null),
             Op::UpdateDelete => {
                 // upsert semantic does not require update delete event
                 continue;
             }
-            Op::UpdateInsert => Some(Value::Object(record_to_json(
-                row,
-                &schema.fields,
-                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-            )?)),
+            Op::UpdateInsert => Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?)),
         };
 
         yield (event_key_object, event_object);
@@ -436,144 +282,18 @@ pub struct AppendOnlyAdapterOpts {}
 
 #[try_stream(ok = (Option<Value>, Option<Value>), error = SinkError)]
 pub async fn gen_append_only_message_stream<'a>(
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    pk_indices: &'a [usize],
     chunk: StreamChunk,
     _opts: AppendOnlyAdapterOpts,
+    key_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
+    val_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
 ) {
     for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
         if op != Op::Insert {
             continue;
         }
-        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(pk_to_json(row, &schema.fields, pk_indices)?));
-        let event_object = Some(Value::Object(record_to_json(
-            row,
-            &schema.fields,
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-        )?));
+        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(key_encoder.encode(row)?));
+        let event_object = Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?));
 
         yield (event_key_object, event_object);
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp};
-
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_to_json_basic_type() {
-        let mock_field = Field {
-            data_type: DataType::Boolean,
-            name: Default::default(),
-            sub_fields: Default::default(),
-            type_name: Default::default(),
-        };
-        let boolean_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Boolean,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(boolean_value, json!(false));
-
-        let int16_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Int16,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(16).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(int16_value, json!(16));
-
-        let int64_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Int64,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(std::i64::MAX).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::to_string(&int64_value).unwrap(),
-            std::i64::MAX.to_string()
-        );
-
-        // https://github.com/debezium/debezium/blob/main/debezium-core/src/main/java/io/debezium/time/ZonedTimestamp.java
-        let tstz_inner = "2018-01-26T18:30:09.453Z".parse().unwrap();
-        let tstz_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Timestamptz,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(tstz_inner).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(tstz_value, "2018-01-26 18:30:09.453000");
-
-        let ts_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(
-                ScalarImpl::Timestamp(Timestamp::from_timestamp_uncheck(1000, 0))
-                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
-            ),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ts_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
-
-        let ts_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(
-                ScalarImpl::Timestamp(Timestamp::from_timestamp_uncheck(1000, 0))
-                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
-            ),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ts_value, json!("1970-01-01 00:16:40.000000".to_string()));
-
-        // Represents the number of microseconds past midnigh, io.debezium.time.Time
-        let time_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Time,
-                ..mock_field.clone()
-            },
-            Some(
-                ScalarImpl::Time(Time::from_num_seconds_from_midnight_uncheck(1000, 0))
-                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
-            ),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(time_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
-
-        let interval_value = datum_to_json_object(
-            &Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Interval,
-                ..mock_field
-            },
-            Some(
-                ScalarImpl::Interval(Interval::from_month_day_usec(13, 2, 1000000))
-                    .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
-            ),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(interval_value, json!("P1Y1M2DT0H0M1S"));
-    }
-}

From 7b23eb28cbcbd777c11c6b89ff0069d1460d39e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 13:57:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 048/430] feat(frontend): implement `WITH ORDINALITY` clause
 (#12273)

---
 e2e_test/batch/basic/unnest.slt.part          |  35 +++
 e2e_test/streaming/project_set.slt            |  35 +++
 .../tests/testdata/input/with_ordinality.yaml |  64 ++++++
 .../testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml      | 210 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs      |   4 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs       |  24 +-
 .../src/binder/relation/table_function.rs     |  54 ++++-
 .../plan_node/logical_table_function.rs       |  38 ++--
 .../table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs     |  46 ++--
 src/frontend/src/planner/relation.rs          |  30 ++-
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/query.rs                |  15 +-
 src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs                 |   1 +
 src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs                   |   9 +-
 src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/select.yaml      |   6 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/time_window.rs |  12 +-
 15 files changed, 524 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/with_ordinality.yaml
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/unnest.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/unnest.slt.part
index efcf9981e65c9..0807637c88e2d 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/unnest.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/unnest.slt.part
@@ -83,3 +83,38 @@ select distinct unnest(array[1,1,2,3,1]) as x;
 1
 2
 3
+
+query I
+select * from unnest(array[0,1,2]) with ordinality;
+----
+0 1
+1 2
+2 3
+
+query I
+select * from unnest(array[0,1,2]) with ordinality, unnest(array[3,4]) with ordinality as unnest_2;
+----
+0 1 3 1
+0 1 4 2
+1 2 3 1
+1 2 4 2
+2 3 3 1
+2 3 4 2
+
+statement ok
+create table t(arr varchar[]);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (Array['a','b', 'c']), (Array['d','e']);
+
+query I rowsort
+select * from t cross join unnest(t.arr) WITH ORDINALITY AS x(elts, num);
+----
+{a,b,c} a 1
+{a,b,c} b 2
+{a,b,c} c 3
+{d,e}   d 1
+{d,e}   e 2
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/project_set.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/project_set.slt
index 959c75ebebefc..f360663067e3e 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/project_set.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/project_set.slt
@@ -107,3 +107,38 @@ with cte as (SELECT 1 as v1, unnest(array[1,2,3,4,5]) AS v2) select v1 from cte;
 1
 1
 1
+
+statement ok
+create table t(arr varchar[]);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv as select * from t cross join unnest(t.arr) WITH ORDINALITY AS x(elts, num);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (Array['a','b', 'c']), (Array['d','e']);
+
+query I rowsort
+select * from mv;
+----
+{a,b,c} a 1
+{a,b,c} b 2
+{a,b,c} c 3
+{d,e}   d 1
+{d,e}   e 2
+
+statement ok
+update t set arr = Array['a', 'c'] where arr = Array['a','b', 'c'];
+
+query I rowsort
+select * from mv;
+----
+{a,c} a 1
+{a,c} c 2
+{d,e} d 1
+{d,e} e 2
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/with_ordinality.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/with_ordinality.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..08dfafa2c7310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/with_ordinality.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# constant FROM
+- sql: |
+    select * from unnest(array[1,2,3]) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+# lateral join
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- name: use alias columns explicitlity
+  sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select x, arr, a, ord from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord,bar);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - binder_error
+# multiple with ordinality
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY, unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY AS unnest_2(arr_2,ordinality_2);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+# constant FROM (scalar function)
+- sql: |
+    select * from abs(1) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+# lateral join (scalar function)
+# FIXME: currently this panics due to CorrelatedInputRef in Values https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12231
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t, abs(x) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_error
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..208eec58ecdba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# This file is automatically generated. See `src/frontend/planner_test/README.md` for more information.
+- sql: |
+    select * from unnest(array[1,2,3]) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchProject { exprs: [Unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 3]:List(Int32)), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+    └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 3]:List(Int32))] }
+      └─BatchValues { rows: [[]] }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [unnest, ordinality, _row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, projected_row_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, projected_row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [Unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 3]:List(Int32)), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, _row_id, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 3]:List(Int32)), $0] }
+        └─StreamValues { rows: [[0:Int64]] }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, foo, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- name: use alias columns explicitlity
+  sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select x, arr, a, ord from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY as foo(a,ord,bar);
+  binder_error: 'Bind error: table "foo" has 2 columns available but 3 column aliases specified'
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t cross join unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY, unnest(arr) WITH ORDINALITY AS unnest_2(arr_2,ordinality_2);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr2] }
+      └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        ├─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: all }
+        │ ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        │ └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+        │   └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+        │     └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │       └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+        └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+            └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.arr] }
+              ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+              │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+              └─BatchProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+                └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [] }
+                  └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                    └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, arr_2, ordinality_2, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden), t.arr#1(hidden), projected_row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr, t.arr#1, projected_row_id#1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr, t.arr#1, projected_row_id#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr2, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+        ├─StreamShare { id: 8 }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+        │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        │     └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+        │         └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+        │           └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │             └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamShare { id: 8 }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
+                    ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                    │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+                    └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+                        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+                          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                            └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    select * from abs(1) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 1:Int64]] }'
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [abs, ordinality, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id], pk_columns: [_row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamValues { rows: [[Abs(1:Int32), 1:Int64, 0:Int64]] }
+- sql: |
+    create table t(x int , arr int[]);
+    select * from t, abs(x) WITH ORDINALITY;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: true, output: all }
+    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    │ └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, t.arr] }
+    │   ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+    │   │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
+    │   └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [] }
+    │     └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+    │       └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x], distribution: SomeShard }
+    └─BatchValues { rows: [[Abs(CorrelatedInputRef { index: 0, correlated_id: 1 }), 1:Int64]] }
+  stream_error: |-
+    Not supported: streaming nested-loop join
+    HINT: The non-equal join in the query requires a nested-loop join executor, which could be very expensive to run. Consider rewriting the query to use dynamic filter as a substitute if possible.
+    See also: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/rfcs/blob/main/rfcs/0033-dynamic-filter.md
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
index fed759d6eb83b..eb4ce96f9ab3f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/join.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Binder {
 
             let is_lateral = match &right {
                 Relation::Subquery(subquery) if subquery.lateral => true,
-                Relation::TableFunction(_) => true,
+                Relation::TableFunction { .. } => true,
                 _ => false,
             };
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl Binder {
 
             let is_lateral = match &right {
                 Relation::Subquery(subquery) if subquery.lateral => true,
-                Relation::TableFunction(_) => true,
+                Relation::TableFunction { .. } => true,
                 _ => false,
             };
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
index 2df943362e3f9..4ee4337c2f048 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ pub enum Relation {
     Join(Box<BoundJoin>),
     Apply(Box<BoundJoin>),
     WindowTableFunction(Box<BoundWindowTableFunction>),
-    TableFunction(ExprImpl),
+    /// Table function or scalar function.
+    TableFunction {
+        expr: ExprImpl,
+        with_ordinality: bool,
+    },
     Watermark(Box<BoundWatermark>),
     Share(Box<BoundShare>),
 }
@@ -69,7 +73,9 @@ impl RewriteExprsRecursive for Relation {
             Relation::WindowTableFunction(inner) => inner.rewrite_exprs_recursive(rewriter),
             Relation::Watermark(inner) => inner.rewrite_exprs_recursive(rewriter),
             Relation::Share(inner) => inner.rewrite_exprs_recursive(rewriter),
-            Relation::TableFunction(inner) => *inner = rewriter.rewrite_expr(inner.take()),
+            Relation::TableFunction { expr: inner, .. } => {
+                *inner = rewriter.rewrite_expr(inner.take())
+            }
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -113,7 +119,10 @@ impl Relation {
                 );
                 correlated_indices
             }
-            Relation::TableFunction(table_function) => table_function
+            Relation::TableFunction {
+                expr: table_function,
+                with_ordinality: _,
+            } => table_function
                 .collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth + 1, correlated_id),
             _ => vec![],
         }
@@ -437,9 +446,14 @@ impl Binder {
                 alias,
                 for_system_time_as_of_proctime,
             } => self.bind_relation_by_name(name, alias, for_system_time_as_of_proctime),
-            TableFactor::TableFunction { name, alias, args } => {
+            TableFactor::TableFunction {
+                name,
+                alias,
+                args,
+                with_ordinality,
+            } => {
                 self.try_mark_lateral_as_visible();
-                let result = self.bind_table_function(name, alias, args);
+                let result = self.bind_table_function(name, alias, args, with_ordinality);
                 self.try_mark_lateral_as_invisible();
                 result
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
index 7441473316e33..988ea0561a860 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_function.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{
     Field, Schema, PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME, RW_INTERNAL_TABLE_FUNCTION_NAME,
 };
+use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{Function, FunctionArg, ObjectName, TableAlias};
 
@@ -34,16 +35,29 @@ impl Binder {
     ///
     /// Besides [`crate::expr::TableFunction`] expr, it can also be other things like window table
     /// functions, or scalar functions.
+    ///
+    /// `with_ordinality` is only supported for the `TableFunction` case now.
     pub(super) fn bind_table_function(
         &mut self,
         name: ObjectName,
         alias: Option<TableAlias>,
         args: Vec<FunctionArg>,
+        with_ordinality: bool,
     ) -> Result<Relation> {
         let func_name = &name.0[0].real_value();
         // internal/system table functions
         {
             if func_name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(RW_INTERNAL_TABLE_FUNCTION_NAME) {
+                if with_ordinality {
+                    return Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                        format!(
+                            "WITH ORDINALITY for internal/system table function {}",
+                            func_name
+                        ),
+                        None.into(),
+                    )
+                    .into());
+                }
                 return self.bind_internal_table(args, alias);
             }
             if func_name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(PG_GET_KEYWORDS_FUNC_NAME)
@@ -51,6 +65,16 @@ impl Binder {
                     format!("{}.{}", PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME, PG_GET_KEYWORDS_FUNC_NAME).as_str(),
                 )
             {
+                if with_ordinality {
+                    return Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                        format!(
+                            "WITH ORDINALITY for internal/system table function {}",
+                            func_name
+                        ),
+                        None.into(),
+                    )
+                    .into());
+                }
                 return self.bind_relation_by_name_inner(
                     Some(PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME),
                     PG_KEYWORDS_TABLE_NAME,
@@ -61,12 +85,25 @@ impl Binder {
         }
         // window table functions (tumble/hop)
         if let Ok(kind) = WindowTableFunctionKind::from_str(func_name) {
+            if with_ordinality {
+                return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
+                    "WITH ORDINALITY for window table function {}",
+                    func_name
+                ))
+                .into());
+            }
             return Ok(Relation::WindowTableFunction(Box::new(
                 self.bind_window_table_function(alias, kind, args)?,
             )));
         }
         // watermark
         if is_watermark_func(func_name) {
+            if with_ordinality {
+                return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
+                    "WITH ORDINALITY for watermark".to_string(),
+                )
+                .into());
+            }
             return Ok(Relation::Watermark(Box::new(
                 self.bind_watermark(alias, args)?,
             )));
@@ -88,13 +125,14 @@ impl Binder {
         self.pop_context()?;
         let func = func?;
 
-        let columns = if let DataType::Struct(s) = func.return_type() {
-            // If the table function returns a struct, it's fields can be accessed just
-            // like a table's columns.
+        // bool indicates if the field is hidden
+        let mut columns = if let DataType::Struct(s) = func.return_type() {
+            // If the table function returns a struct, it will be flattened into multiple columns.
             let schema = Schema::from(&s);
             schema.fields.into_iter().map(|f| (false, f)).collect_vec()
         } else {
-            // If there is an table alias, we should use the alias as the table function's
+            // If there is an table alias (and it doesn't return a struct),
+            // we should use the alias as the table function's
             // column name. If column aliases are also provided, they
             // are handled in bind_table_to_context.
             //
@@ -112,9 +150,15 @@ impl Binder {
             };
             vec![(false, Field::with_name(func.return_type(), col_name))]
         };
+        if with_ordinality {
+            columns.push((false, Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "ordinality")));
+        }
 
         self.bind_table_to_context(columns, func_name.clone(), alias)?;
 
-        Ok(Relation::TableFunction(func))
+        Ok(Relation::TableFunction {
+            expr: func,
+            with_ordinality,
+        })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
index ee60a624be3ba..c42a51aeb9024 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
@@ -25,23 +25,30 @@ use super::{
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter, TableFunction};
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
-    BatchTableFunction, ColumnPruningContext, PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext,
-    ToStreamContext,
+    ColumnPruningContext, PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext, ToStreamContext,
 };
 use crate::optimizer::property::FunctionalDependencySet;
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, Condition};
 
-/// `LogicalGenerateSeries` implements Hop Table Function.
+/// `LogicalTableFunction` is a scalar/table function used as a relation (in the `FROM` clause).
+///
+/// If the function returns a struct, it will be flattened into multiple columns.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct LogicalTableFunction {
     pub base: PlanBase,
     pub table_function: TableFunction,
+    pub with_ordinality: bool,
 }
 
 impl LogicalTableFunction {
     /// Create a [`LogicalTableFunction`] node. Used internally by optimizer.
-    pub fn new(table_function: TableFunction, ctx: OptimizerContextRef) -> Self {
-        let schema = if let DataType::Struct(s) = table_function.return_type() {
+    pub fn new(
+        table_function: TableFunction,
+        with_ordinality: bool,
+        ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut schema = if let DataType::Struct(s) = table_function.return_type() {
+            // If the function returns a struct, it will be flattened into multiple columns.
             Schema::from(&s)
         } else {
             Schema {
@@ -51,11 +58,17 @@ impl LogicalTableFunction {
                 )],
             }
         };
+        if with_ordinality {
+            schema
+                .fields
+                .push(Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "ordinality"));
+        }
         let functional_dependency = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
         let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![], functional_dependency);
         Self {
             base,
             table_function,
+            with_ordinality,
         }
     }
 
@@ -110,26 +123,19 @@ impl PredicatePushdown for LogicalTableFunction {
 
 impl ToBatch for LogicalTableFunction {
     fn to_batch(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        Ok(BatchTableFunction::new(self.clone()).into())
+        unreachable!("TableFunction should be converted to ProjectSet")
     }
 }
 
 impl ToStream for LogicalTableFunction {
     fn to_stream(&self, _ctx: &mut ToStreamContext) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        Err(
-            ErrorCode::NotImplemented("LogicalTableFunction::to_stream".to_string(), None.into())
-                .into(),
-        )
+        unreachable!("TableFunction should be converted to ProjectSet")
     }
 
     fn logical_rewrite_for_stream(
         &self,
         _ctx: &mut RewriteStreamContext,
     ) -> Result<(PlanRef, ColIndexMapping)> {
-        Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
-            "LogicalTableFunction::logical_rewrite_for_stream".to_string(),
-            None.into(),
-        )
-        .into())
+        unreachable!("TableFunction should be converted to ProjectSet")
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
index 095e08664e1c4..5a6f1187fdd02 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
-    LogicalProject, LogicalProjectSet, LogicalTableFunction, LogicalValues,
+    LogicalProject, LogicalProjectSet, LogicalTableFunction, LogicalValues, PlanTreeNodeUnary,
 };
 use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
 
-/// Transform a table function into a project set
+/// Transform a `TableFunction` (used in FROM clause) into a `ProjectSet` so that it can be unnested later if it contains `CorrelatedInputRef`.
 ///
 /// Before:
 ///
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ impl Rule for TableFunctionToProjectSetRule {
             logical_table_function.base.ctx.clone(),
         );
         let logical_project_set = LogicalProjectSet::create(logical_values, vec![table_function]);
-        // We need a project to align schema type because `LogicalProjectSet` has a hidden column
-        // `projected_row_id` and table function could return multiple columns, while project set
-        // return only one column with struct type.
+        // We need a project to align schema type because
+        // 1. `LogicalProjectSet` has a hidden column `projected_row_id` (0-th col)
+        // 2. When the function returns a struct type, TableFunction will return flatten it into multiple columns, while ProjectSet still returns a single column.
         let table_function_col_idx = 1;
-        if let DataType::Struct(st) = table_function_return_type.clone() {
+        let logical_project = if let DataType::Struct(st) = table_function_return_type.clone() {
             let exprs = st
                 .types()
                 .enumerate()
@@ -66,13 +66,11 @@ impl Rule for TableFunctionToProjectSetRule {
                     let field_access = FunctionCall::new_unchecked(
                         ExprType::Field,
                         vec![
-                            ExprImpl::InputRef(
-                                InputRef::new(
-                                    table_function_col_idx,
-                                    table_function_return_type.clone(),
-                                )
-                                .into(),
-                            ),
+                            InputRef::new(
+                                table_function_col_idx,
+                                table_function_return_type.clone(),
+                            )
+                            .into(),
                             ExprImpl::literal_int(i as i32),
                         ],
                         data_type.clone(),
@@ -80,13 +78,27 @@ impl Rule for TableFunctionToProjectSetRule {
                     ExprImpl::FunctionCall(field_access.into())
                 })
                 .collect_vec();
-            let logical_project = LogicalProject::new(logical_project_set, exprs);
-            Some(logical_project.into())
+            LogicalProject::new(logical_project_set, exprs)
         } else {
-            let logical_project = LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(
+            LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(
                 logical_project_set,
                 std::iter::once(table_function_col_idx),
-            );
+            )
+        };
+
+        if logical_table_function.with_ordinality {
+            let projected_row_id = InputRef::new(0, DataType::Int64).into();
+            let ordinality = FunctionCall::new(
+                ExprType::Add,
+                vec![projected_row_id, ExprImpl::literal_bigint(1)],
+            )
+            .unwrap() // i64 + i64 is ok
+            .into();
+            let mut exprs = logical_project.exprs().clone();
+            exprs.push(ordinality);
+            let logical_project = LogicalProject::new(logical_project.input(), exprs);
+            Some(logical_project.into())
+        } else {
             Some(logical_project.into())
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/planner/relation.rs b/src/frontend/src/planner/relation.rs
index db4bb0233f077..f4085f6ffa42e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/planner/relation.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/planner/relation.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ impl Planner {
             Relation::Apply(join) => self.plan_apply(*join),
             Relation::WindowTableFunction(tf) => self.plan_window_table_function(*tf),
             Relation::Source(s) => self.plan_source(*s),
-            Relation::TableFunction(tf) => self.plan_table_function(tf),
+            Relation::TableFunction {
+                expr: tf,
+                with_ordinality,
+            } => self.plan_table_function(tf, with_ordinality),
             Relation::Watermark(tf) => self.plan_watermark(*tf),
             Relation::Share(share) => self.plan_share(*share),
         }
@@ -150,16 +153,33 @@ impl Planner {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn plan_table_function(&mut self, table_function: ExprImpl) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+    pub(super) fn plan_table_function(
+        &mut self,
+        table_function: ExprImpl,
+        with_ordinality: bool,
+    ) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         // TODO: maybe we can unify LogicalTableFunction with LogicalValues
         match table_function {
-            ExprImpl::TableFunction(tf) => Ok(LogicalTableFunction::new(*tf, self.ctx()).into()),
+            ExprImpl::TableFunction(tf) => {
+                Ok(LogicalTableFunction::new(*tf, with_ordinality, self.ctx()).into())
+            }
             expr => {
-                let schema = Schema {
+                let mut schema = Schema {
                     // TODO: should be named
                     fields: vec![Field::unnamed(expr.return_type())],
                 };
-                Ok(LogicalValues::create(vec![vec![expr]], schema, self.ctx()))
+                if with_ordinality {
+                    schema
+                        .fields
+                        .push(Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "ordinality"));
+                    Ok(LogicalValues::create(
+                        vec![vec![expr, ExprImpl::literal_bigint(1)]],
+                        schema,
+                        self.ctx(),
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(LogicalValues::create(vec![vec![expr]], schema, self.ctx()))
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/query.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/query.rs
index cc703e5b81a38..f018b853f3330 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/query.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/query.rs
@@ -387,11 +387,14 @@ pub enum TableFactor {
         subquery: Box<Query>,
         alias: Option<TableAlias>,
     },
-    /// `<expr>[ AS <alias> ]`
+    /// `<expr>(args)[ AS <alias> ]`
+    ///
+    /// Note that scalar functions can also be used in this way.
     TableFunction {
         name: ObjectName,
         alias: Option<TableAlias>,
         args: Vec<FunctionArg>,
+        with_ordinality: bool,
     },
     /// Represents a parenthesized table factor. The SQL spec only allows a
     /// join expression (`(foo <JOIN> bar [ <JOIN> baz ... ])`) to be nested,
@@ -433,8 +436,16 @@ impl fmt::Display for TableFactor {
                 }
                 Ok(())
             }
-            TableFactor::TableFunction { name, alias, args } => {
+            TableFactor::TableFunction {
+                name,
+                alias,
+                args,
+                with_ordinality,
+            } => {
                 write!(f, "{}({})", name, display_comma_separated(args))?;
+                if *with_ordinality {
+                    write!(f, " WITH ORDINALITY")?;
+                }
                 if let Some(alias) = alias {
                     write!(f, " AS {}", alias)?;
                 }
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
index 283a0a409512c..5c2fedb0ea547 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ define_keywords!(
     OPTION,
     OR,
     ORDER,
+    ORDINALITY,
     OTHERS,
     OUT,
     OUTER,
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
index 4302a4ea12ab1..7cb8a099436c9 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
@@ -4275,8 +4275,15 @@ impl Parser {
                 if !order_by.is_empty() {
                     return parser_err!("Table-valued functions do not support ORDER BY clauses");
                 }
+                let with_ordinality = self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::WITH, Keyword::ORDINALITY]);
+
                 let alias = self.parse_optional_table_alias(keywords::RESERVED_FOR_TABLE_ALIAS)?;
-                Ok(TableFactor::TableFunction { name, alias, args })
+                Ok(TableFactor::TableFunction {
+                    name,
+                    alias,
+                    args,
+                    with_ordinality,
+                })
             } else {
                 let for_system_time_as_of_proctime = self.parse_for_system_time_as_of_proctime()?;
                 let alias = self.parse_optional_table_alias(keywords::RESERVED_FOR_TABLE_ALIAS)?;
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/select.yaml b/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/select.yaml
index bbbb5a72bbdab..6aed3d2a4dc4c 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/select.yaml
+++ b/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/select.yaml
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@
   formatted_sql: SELECT (CAST(ROW(1, 2, 3) AS foo)).v1.*
 - input: SELECT * FROM generate_series('2'::INT,'10'::INT,'2'::INT)
   formatted_sql: SELECT * FROM generate_series(CAST('2' AS INT), CAST('10' AS INT), CAST('2' AS INT))
-  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [Wildcard(None)], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "generate_series", quote_style: None }]), alias: None, args: [Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("2")), data_type: Int })), Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("10")), data_type: Int })), Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("2")), data_type: Int }))] }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
+  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [Wildcard(None)], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "generate_series", quote_style: None }]), alias: None, args: [Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("2")), data_type: Int })), Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("10")), data_type: Int })), Unnamed(Expr(Cast { expr: Value(SingleQuotedString("2")), data_type: Int }))], with_ordinality: false }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
 - input: SELECT * FROM unnest(Array[1,2,3]);
   formatted_sql: SELECT * FROM unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 3])
-  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [Wildcard(None)], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "unnest", quote_style: None }]), alias: None, args: [Unnamed(Expr(Array(Array { elem: [Value(Number("1")), Value(Number("2")), Value(Number("3"))], named: true })))] }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
+  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [Wildcard(None)], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "unnest", quote_style: None }]), alias: None, args: [Unnamed(Expr(Array(Array { elem: [Value(Number("1")), Value(Number("2")), Value(Number("3"))], named: true })))], with_ordinality: false }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
 - input: SELECT id, fname, lname FROM customer WHERE salary <> 'Not Provided' AND salary <> ''
   formatted_sql: SELECT id, fname, lname FROM customer WHERE salary <> 'Not Provided' AND salary <> ''
 - input: SELECT id FROM customer WHERE NOT salary = ''
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
   formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [UnnamedExpr(Identifier(Ident { value: "id1", quote_style: None })), UnnamedExpr(Identifier(Ident { value: "a1", quote_style: None })), UnnamedExpr(Identifier(Ident { value: "id2", quote_style: None })), UnnamedExpr(Identifier(Ident { value: "a2", quote_style: None }))], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: Table { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "stream", quote_style: None }]), alias: Some(TableAlias { name: Ident { value: "S", quote_style: None }, columns: [] }), for_system_time_as_of_proctime: false }, joins: [Join { relation: Table { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "version", quote_style: None }]), alias: Some(TableAlias { name: Ident { value: "V", quote_style: None }, columns: [] }), for_system_time_as_of_proctime: true }, join_operator: Inner(On(BinaryOp { left: Identifier(Ident { value: "id1", quote_style: None }), op: Eq, right: Identifier(Ident { value: "id2", quote_style: None }) })) }] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
 - input: select percentile_cont(0.3) within group (order by x desc) from unnest(array[1,2,4,5,10]) as x
   formatted_sql: SELECT percentile_cont(0.3) FROM unnest(ARRAY[1, 2, 4, 5, 10]) AS x
-  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [UnnamedExpr(Function(Function { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "percentile_cont", quote_style: None }]), args: [Unnamed(Expr(Value(Number("0.3"))))], over: None, distinct: false, order_by: [], filter: None, within_group: Some(OrderByExpr { expr: Identifier(Ident { value: "x", quote_style: None }), asc: Some(false), nulls_first: None }) }))], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "unnest", quote_style: None }]), alias: Some(TableAlias { name: Ident { value: "x", quote_style: None }, columns: [] }), args: [Unnamed(Expr(Array(Array { elem: [Value(Number("1")), Value(Number("2")), Value(Number("4")), Value(Number("5")), Value(Number("10"))], named: true })))] }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
+  formatted_ast: 'Query(Query { with: None, body: Select(Select { distinct: All, projection: [UnnamedExpr(Function(Function { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "percentile_cont", quote_style: None }]), args: [Unnamed(Expr(Value(Number("0.3"))))], over: None, distinct: false, order_by: [], filter: None, within_group: Some(OrderByExpr { expr: Identifier(Ident { value: "x", quote_style: None }), asc: Some(false), nulls_first: None }) }))], from: [TableWithJoins { relation: TableFunction { name: ObjectName([Ident { value: "unnest", quote_style: None }]), alias: Some(TableAlias { name: Ident { value: "x", quote_style: None }, columns: [] }), args: [Unnamed(Expr(Array(Array { elem: [Value(Number("1")), Value(Number("2")), Value(Number("4")), Value(Number("5")), Value(Number("10"))], named: true })))], with_ordinality: false }, joins: [] }], lateral_views: [], selection: None, group_by: [], having: None }), order_by: [], limit: None, offset: None, fetch: None })'
 - input: select percentile_cont(0.3) within group (order by x, y desc) from t
   error_msg: 'sql parser error: only one arg in order by is expected here'
 - input: select 'apple' ~~ 'app%'
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/time_window.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/time_window.rs
index d5fd7c8936b22..053af729ee526 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/time_window.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/time_window.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
         let time_col = time_cols.choose(&mut self.rng).unwrap();
         let time_col = Expr::Identifier(time_col.name.as_str().into());
         let args = create_args(vec![name, time_col, size]);
-        let relation = create_tvf("tumble", alias, args);
+        let relation = create_tvf("tumble", alias, args, false);
 
         let table = Table::new(table_name, schema.clone());
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
         let time_col = Expr::Identifier(time_col.name.as_str().into());
         let args = create_args(vec![name, time_col, slide, size]);
 
-        let relation = create_tvf("hop", alias, args);
+        let relation = create_tvf("hop", alias, args, false);
 
         let table = Table::new(table_name, schema.clone());
 
@@ -120,11 +120,17 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
 }
 
 /// Create a table view function.
-fn create_tvf(name: &str, alias: TableAlias, args: Vec<FunctionArg>) -> TableFactor {
+fn create_tvf(
+    name: &str,
+    alias: TableAlias,
+    args: Vec<FunctionArg>,
+    with_ordinality: bool,
+) -> TableFactor {
     TableFactor::TableFunction {
         name: ObjectName(vec![name.into()]),
         alias: Some(alias),
         args,
+        with_ordinality,
     }
 }
 

From f25c625bdc7cdee4d43a5f4551f513f804f1c29e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 23:11:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 049/430] feat(sink): support elasticsearch 8 sink (#12269)

---
 .../sink/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_sink.slt |  2 +-
 .../elasticsearch-sink/README.md              | 41 +++++++++++
 .../elasticsearch-sink/create_es7_sink.sql    |  9 +++
 .../elasticsearch-sink/create_es8_sink.sql    |  9 +++
 .../elasticsearch-sink/create_mv.sql          |  7 ++
 .../elasticsearch-sink/create_source.sql      | 18 +++++
 .../elasticsearch-sink/docker-compose.yml     | 73 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../python-client/integration_tests.py        |  2 +-
 .../com/risingwave/connector/SinkUtils.java   |  4 +-
 .../{EsSink7Test.java => EsSinkTest.java}     | 12 +--
 .../connector/{EsSink7.java => EsSink.java}   | 31 +++++---
 .../{EsSink7Config.java => EsSinkConfig.java} | 10 +--
 ...EsSink7Factory.java => EsSinkFactory.java} | 10 +--
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              |  2 +-
 14 files changed, 200 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/README.md
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es7_sink.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es8_sink.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_mv.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_source.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/docker-compose.yml
 rename java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/{EsSink7Test.java => EsSinkTest.java} (94%)
 rename java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/{EsSink7.java => EsSink.java} (89%)
 rename java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/{EsSink7Config.java => EsSinkConfig.java} (87%)
 rename java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/{EsSink7Factory.java => EsSinkFactory.java} (91%)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_sink.slt
index 2728f33da04e5..cecf9a47cf94a 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_sink.slt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t7 (v1 int primary key, v2 bigint, v3 varchar);
 
 statement ok
 CREATE SINK s7 AS select t7.v1 as v1, t7.v2 as v2, t7.v3 as v3 from t7 WITH (
-    connector = 'elasticsearch-7',
+    connector = 'elasticsearch',
     index = 'test',
     url = 'http://elasticsearch:9200',
     username = 'elastic',
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/README.md b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b114e8132024a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Demo: Sinking to ElasticSearch
+
+In this demo, we want to showcase how RisingWave is able to sink data to ElasticSearch.
+
+1. Set the compose profile accordingly:
+Demo with elasticsearch 7:
+```
+export COMPOSE_PROFILES=es7
+```
+
+Demo with elasticsearch 8
+```
+export COMPOSE_PROFILES=es8
+```
+
+2. Launch the cluster:
+
+```sh
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+The cluster contains a RisingWave cluster and its necessary dependencies, a datagen that generates the data, a single-node elasticsearch for sink.
+
+3. Execute the SQL queries in sequence:
+
+- create_source.sql
+- create_mv.sql
+- create_es[7/8]_sink.sql
+
+4. Check the contents in ES:
+
+```sh
+# Check the document counts
+curl -XGET -u elastic:risingwave "http://localhost:9200/test/_count" -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
+
+# Check the content of a document by user_id
+curl -XGET -u elastic:risingwave "http://localhost:9200/test/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"query":{"term": {"user_id":2}}' | jq
+
+# Get the first 10 documents sort by user_id
+curl -XGET -u elastic:risingwave "http://localhost:9200/test/_search?size=10" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"query":{"match_all":{}}, "sort": ["user_id"]}' | jq
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es7_sink.sql b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es7_sink.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..997c238b90344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es7_sink.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CREATE SINK bhv_es_sink
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    connector = 'elasticsearch',
+    index = 'test',
+    url = 'http://elasticsearch8:9200',
+    username = 'elastic',
+    password = 'risingwave'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es8_sink.sql b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es8_sink.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..997c238b90344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_es8_sink.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CREATE SINK bhv_es_sink
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    connector = 'elasticsearch',
+    index = 'test',
+    url = 'http://elasticsearch8:9200',
+    username = 'elastic',
+    password = 'risingwave'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_mv.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a803f8a2762d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_mv.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW bhv_mv AS
+SELECT
+    user_id,
+    target_id,
+    event_timestamp
+FROM
+    user_behaviors;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_source.sql b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_source.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c28c10f3616da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/create_source.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+CREATE table user_behaviors (
+    user_id int,
+    target_id VARCHAR,
+    target_type VARCHAR,
+    event_timestamp TIMESTAMP,
+    behavior_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_id VARCHAR,
+    PRIMARY KEY(user_id)
+) WITH (
+    connector = 'datagen',
+    fields.user_id.kind = 'sequence',
+    fields.user_id.start = '1',
+    fields.user_id.end = '1000',
+    fields.user_name.kind = 'random',
+    fields.user_name.length = '10',
+    datagen.rows.per.second = '10'
+) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/docker-compose.yml b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..47d314d1f57e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/elasticsearch-sink/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+version: "3"
+services:
+  elasticsearch7:
+    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.11.0
+    environment:
+      - xpack.security.enabled=true
+      - discovery.type=single-node
+      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=risingwave
+    ports:
+      - 9200:9200
+    profiles:
+      - es7
+  elasticsearch8:
+    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
+    environment:
+      - xpack.security.enabled=true
+      - discovery.type=single-node
+      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=risingwave
+    ports:
+      - 9200:9200
+    profiles:
+      - es8
+  compactor-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compactor-0
+  compute-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compute-node-0
+  etcd-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: etcd-0
+  frontend-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: frontend-node-0
+  grafana-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: grafana-0
+  meta-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: meta-node-0
+  connector-node:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: connector-node
+  minio-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: minio-0
+  prometheus-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: prometheus-0
+volumes:
+  compute-node-0:
+    external: false
+  etcd-0:
+    external: false
+  grafana-0:
+    external: false
+  minio-0:
+    external: false
+  prometheus-0:
+    external: false
+  message_queue:
+    external: false
+name: risingwave-compose
diff --git a/java/connector-node/python-client/integration_tests.py b/java/connector-node/python-client/integration_tests.py
index 962f2a658018a..64fa949f48ce2 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/python-client/integration_tests.py
+++ b/java/connector-node/python-client/integration_tests.py
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ def test_jdbc_sink(input_file, param):
 
 def test_elasticsearch_sink(param):
     prop = {
-        "connector": "elasticsearch-7",
+        "connector": "elasticsearch",
         "url": "http://127.0.0.1:9200",
         "index": "test",
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkUtils.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkUtils.java
index ab3ac84346fa6..944d529a02d8d 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkUtils.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkUtils.java
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ public static SinkFactory getSinkFactory(String sinkName) {
                 return new IcebergSinkFactory();
             case "deltalake":
                 return new DeltaLakeSinkFactory();
-            case "elasticsearch-7":
-                return new EsSink7Factory();
+            case "elasticsearch":
+                return new EsSinkFactory();
             case "cassandra":
                 return new CassandraFactory();
             default:
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSink7Test.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSinkTest.java
similarity index 94%
rename from java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSink7Test.java
rename to java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSinkTest.java
index e3024ff09b26e..af0ea7190f946 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSink7Test.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/elasticsearch/EsSinkTest.java
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
-import com.risingwave.connector.EsSink7;
-import com.risingwave.connector.EsSink7Config;
+import com.risingwave.connector.EsSink;
+import com.risingwave.connector.EsSinkConfig;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.TableSchema;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.ArraySinkRow;
 import com.risingwave.proto.Data;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.testcontainers.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchContainer;
 
-public class EsSink7Test {
+public class EsSinkTest {
 
     static TableSchema getTestTableSchema() {
         return new TableSchema(
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ static TableSchema getTestTableSchema() {
 
     public void testEsSink(ElasticsearchContainer container, String username, String password)
             throws IOException {
-        EsSink7 sink =
-                new EsSink7(
-                        new EsSink7Config(container.getHttpHostAddress(), "test")
+        EsSink sink =
+                new EsSink(
+                        new EsSinkConfig(container.getHttpHostAddress(), "test")
                                 .withDelimiter("$")
                                 .withUsername(username)
                                 .withPassword(password),
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
similarity index 89%
rename from java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7.java
rename to java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
index 44f1610ceaaba..7c1727f4a82f3 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClientBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
@@ -55,17 +56,17 @@
  *
  * 4. bulkprocessor and high-level-client are deprecated in es 8 java api.
  */
-public class EsSink7 extends SinkWriterBase {
-    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EsSink7.class);
+public class EsSink extends SinkWriterBase {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EsSink.class);
     private static final String ERROR_REPORT_TEMPLATE = "Error when exec %s, message %s";
 
-    private final EsSink7Config config;
+    private final EsSinkConfig config;
     private final BulkProcessor bulkProcessor;
     private final RestHighLevelClient client;
     // For bulk listener
     private final List<Integer> primaryKeyIndexes;
 
-    public EsSink7(EsSink7Config config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
+    public EsSink(EsSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
         super(tableSchema);
         HttpHost host;
         try {
@@ -75,9 +76,14 @@ public EsSink7(EsSink7Config config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
         }
 
         this.config = config;
+
+        // ApiCompatibilityMode is enabled to ensure the client can talk to newer version es sever.
         this.client =
-                new RestHighLevelClient(
-                        configureRestClientBuilder(RestClient.builder(host), config));
+                new RestHighLevelClientBuilder(
+                                configureRestClientBuilder(RestClient.builder(host), config)
+                                        .build())
+                        .setApiCompatibilityMode(true)
+                        .build();
         // Test connection
         try {
             boolean isConnected = this.client.ping(RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
@@ -98,7 +104,7 @@ public EsSink7(EsSink7Config config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
     }
 
     private static RestClientBuilder configureRestClientBuilder(
-            RestClientBuilder builder, EsSink7Config config) {
+            RestClientBuilder builder, EsSinkConfig config) {
         // Possible config:
         // 1. Connection path prefix
         // 2. Username and password
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@ private static RestClientBuilder configureRestClientBuilder(
     }
 
     private BulkProcessor.Builder applyBulkConfig(
-            RestHighLevelClient client, EsSink7Config config, BulkProcessor.Listener listener) {
+            RestHighLevelClient client, EsSinkConfig config, BulkProcessor.Listener listener) {
         BulkProcessor.Builder builder =
                 BulkProcessor.builder(
                         (BulkRequestConsumerFactory)
@@ -181,7 +187,14 @@ public void afterBulk(long executionId, BulkRequest request, Throwable failure)
     private Map<String, Object> buildDoc(SinkRow row) {
         Map<String, Object> doc = new HashMap();
         for (int i = 0; i < getTableSchema().getNumColumns(); i++) {
-            doc.put(getTableSchema().getColumnDesc(i).getName(), row.get(i));
+            Object col = row.get(i);
+            if (col instanceof Date) {
+                // es client doesn't natively support java.sql.Timestamp/Time/Date
+                // so we need to convert Date type into a string as suggested in
+                // https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/31377#issuecomment-398102292
+                col = col.toString();
+            }
+            doc.put(getTableSchema().getColumnDesc(i).getName(), col);
         }
         return doc;
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Config.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkConfig.java
similarity index 87%
rename from java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Config.java
rename to java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkConfig.java
index 6d45b3ee52d87..e053dfed77b63 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Config.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkConfig.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.CommonSinkConfig;
 
-public class EsSink7Config extends CommonSinkConfig {
+public class EsSinkConfig extends CommonSinkConfig {
     /** Required */
     private String url;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class EsSink7Config extends CommonSinkConfig {
     private String password;
 
     @JsonCreator
-    public EsSink7Config(
+    public EsSinkConfig(
             @JsonProperty(value = "url") String url, @JsonProperty(value = "index") String index) {
         this.url = url;
         this.index = index;
@@ -64,17 +64,17 @@ public String getPassword() {
         return password;
     }
 
-    public EsSink7Config withDelimiter(String delimiter) {
+    public EsSinkConfig withDelimiter(String delimiter) {
         this.delimiter = delimiter;
         return this;
     }
 
-    public EsSink7Config withUsername(String username) {
+    public EsSinkConfig withUsername(String username) {
         this.username = username;
         return this;
     }
 
-    public EsSink7Config withPassword(String password) {
+    public EsSinkConfig withPassword(String password) {
         this.password = password;
         return this;
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Factory.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkFactory.java
similarity index 91%
rename from java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Factory.java
rename to java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkFactory.java
index 4bc6fa6cc1990..a31826a45a5ab 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink7Factory.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSinkFactory.java
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public class EsSink7Factory implements SinkFactory {
-    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EsSink7Factory.class);
+public class EsSinkFactory implements SinkFactory {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EsSinkFactory.class);
 
     public SinkWriter createWriter(TableSchema tableSchema, Map<String, String> tableProperties) {
         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
-        EsSink7Config config = mapper.convertValue(tableProperties, EsSink7Config.class);
-        return new SinkWriterV1.Adapter(new EsSink7(config, tableSchema));
+        EsSinkConfig config = mapper.convertValue(tableProperties, EsSinkConfig.class);
+        return new SinkWriterV1.Adapter(new EsSink(config, tableSchema));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public void validate(
             Catalog.SinkType sinkType) {
         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
         mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_MISSING_CREATOR_PROPERTIES, true);
-        EsSink7Config config = mapper.convertValue(tableProperties, EsSink7Config.class);
+        EsSinkConfig config = mapper.convertValue(tableProperties, EsSinkConfig.class);
 
         // 1. check url
         HttpHost host;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 046d29bc687b5..851c81b8916d0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub const VALID_REMOTE_SINKS: [&str; 5] = [
     "jdbc",
     REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK,
     "deltalake",
-    "elasticsearch-7",
+    "elasticsearch",
     "cassandra",
 ];
 

From c7fb909188e441086cb167d0655f2ae2f5c3f648 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:28:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 050/430] fix(storage): remove directly convert of tier
 compaction picker (#12280)

---
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs |  2 +-
 .../picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs          | 34 +-------
 src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs                   |  2 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       | 85 ++++++++-----------
 4 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
index 15e7a61f548ee..cf3a4555e18e1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 
 pub const MAX_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT: usize = 42;
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct LocalPickerStatistic {
     pub skip_by_write_amp_limit: u64,
     pub skip_by_count_limit: u64,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
index 99b17694f528e..5b3058317a4b0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::can_concat;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::prost_key_range::KeyRangeExt;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactionConfig, InputLevel, LevelType, OverlappingLevel};
 
@@ -69,33 +67,11 @@ impl TierCompactionPicker {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let mut input_level = InputLevel {
+            let input_level = InputLevel {
                 level_idx: 0,
                 level_type: level.level_type,
                 table_infos: level.table_infos.clone(),
             };
-            // Since the level is overlapping, we can change the order of origin sstable infos in
-            // task.
-            input_level.table_infos.sort_by(|sst1, sst2| {
-                let a = sst1.key_range.as_ref().unwrap();
-                let b = sst2.key_range.as_ref().unwrap();
-                a.compare(b)
-            });
-
-            if can_concat(&input_level.table_infos) {
-                return Some(CompactionInput {
-                    select_input_size: input_level
-                        .table_infos
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|sst| sst.file_size)
-                        .sum(),
-                    total_file_count: input_level.table_infos.len() as u64,
-                    input_levels: vec![input_level],
-                    target_level: 0,
-                    target_sub_level_id: level.sub_level_id,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
 
             let mut select_level_inputs = vec![input_level];
 
@@ -182,7 +158,6 @@ impl CompactionPicker for TierCompactionPicker {
 pub mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
-    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::can_concat;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::new_sub_level;
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::{LevelType, OverlappingLevel};
@@ -281,11 +256,8 @@ pub mod tests {
         // sub-level 0 is excluded because it's nonoverlapping and violating
         // sub_level_max_compaction_bytes.
         let mut picker = TierCompactionPicker::new(config);
-        let ret = picker
-            .pick_compaction(&levels, &levels_handler, &mut local_stats)
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ret.input_levels.len(), 1);
-        assert!(can_concat(&ret.input_levels[0].table_infos));
+        let ret = picker.pick_compaction(&levels, &levels_handler, &mut local_stats);
+        assert!(ret.is_none())
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
index c19c06d9ab2cd..1518495df0f7c 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ impl MetaMetrics {
         let opts = histogram_opts!(
             "storage_compact_task_size",
             "Total size of compact that have been issued to state store",
-            exponential_buckets(4096.0, 1.6, 28).unwrap()
+            exponential_buckets(1048576.0, 2.0, 16).unwrap()
         );
 
         let compact_task_size =
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index ca5418cbe6a0f..5864fa9c0a484 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -422,67 +422,54 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await;
 
         // 2. get compact task
-        let mut compact_task = hummock_manager_ref
+
+        // 3. compact
+        while let Some(compact_task) = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
                 &mut default_level_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-        let compaction_filter_flag = CompactionFilterFlag::NONE;
-        compact_task.compaction_filter_mask = compaction_filter_flag.bits();
-        compact_task.current_epoch_time = 0;
-
-        // assert compact_task
-        assert_eq!(
-            compact_task
-                .input_ssts
-                .iter()
-                .map(|level| level.table_infos.len())
-                .sum::<usize>(),
-            SST_COUNT as usize / 2 + 1,
-        );
-        compact_task.target_level = 6;
-
-        // 3. compact
-        let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
-            compact_ctx,
-            compact_task.clone(),
-            rx,
-            Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
-        )
-        .await;
+        {
+            // 3. compact
+            let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+            let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+                compact_ctx.clone(),
+                compact_task.clone(),
+                rx,
+                Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+            )
+            .await;
 
-        hummock_manager_ref
-            .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+            hummock_manager_ref
+                .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+        }
 
         // 4. get the latest version and check
         let version = hummock_manager_ref.get_current_version().await;
-        let output_table = version
+        let output_tables = version
             .get_compaction_group_levels(StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into())
             .levels
-            .last()
-            .unwrap()
-            .table_infos
-            .first()
-            .unwrap();
-        let table = storage
-            .sstable_store()
-            .sstable(output_table, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let target_table_size = storage.storage_opts().sstable_size_mb * (1 << 20);
-
-        assert!(
-            table.value().meta.estimated_size > target_table_size,
-            "table.meta.estimated_size {} <= target_table_size {}",
-            table.value().meta.estimated_size,
-            target_table_size
-        );
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|level| level.table_infos.clone())
+            .collect_vec();
+        for output_table in &output_tables {
+            let table = storage
+                .sstable_store()
+                .sstable(output_table, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            let target_table_size = storage.storage_opts().sstable_size_mb * (1 << 20);
+            assert!(
+                table.value().meta.estimated_size > target_table_size,
+                "table.meta.estimated_size {} <= target_table_size {}",
+                table.value().meta.estimated_size,
+                target_table_size
+            );
+        }
 
         // 5. storage get back the correct kv after compaction
         storage.wait_version(version).await;

From 888f2dda736a99f294487c5935b81fbbfdd59d7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:32:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 051/430] fix: panic when dumping memory profile (#12276)

---
 Cargo.lock                                  |  6 +++---
 Cargo.toml                                  |  4 ++++
 src/batch/Cargo.toml                        |  2 +-
 src/cmd/Cargo.toml                          |  6 ++----
 src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml                      | 12 +++++++-----
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                      |  2 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs |  5 ++---
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml             |  4 +---
 8 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f062a0bb9c98a..e9edb2360ef31 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8927,7 +8927,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemalloc-ctl"
 version = "0.5.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=64a2d9#64a2d988d687a94cd859855e19241cd8b0705466"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "paste",
@@ -8937,7 +8937,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys"
 version = "0.5.4+5.3.0-patched"
-source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=64a2d9#64a2d988d687a94cd859855e19241cd8b0705466"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -8946,7 +8946,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tikv-jemallocator"
 version = "0.5.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=b7f9f3#b7f9f34664dcfea190e64bef64587e23f9f2710c"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git?rev=64a2d9#64a2d988d687a94cd859855e19241cd8b0705466"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index e33c09ddc5734..332bc5f8e7acc 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ arrow-schema = "46"
 arrow-buffer = "46"
 arrow-flight = "46"
 arrow-select = "46"
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
+  "profiling",
+  "stats",
+], rev = "64a2d9" }
 
 risingwave_backup = { path = "./src/storage/backup" }
 risingwave_batch = { path = "./src/batch" }
diff --git a/src/batch/Cargo.toml b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
index 5f90151a400ab..35ede881bc47f 100644
--- a/src/batch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ rand = "0.8"
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "b7f9f3" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "filter"
diff --git a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
index 46a33654d3545..894d19c9f969a 100644
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,11 +46,9 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
-    "profiling",
-    "stats",
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
     "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
-], rev = "b7f9f3" }
+] }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "frontend"
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
index b6907cdebaeff..f22f0b59ea2db 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
@@ -53,17 +53,19 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 expect-test = "1"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-vergen = { version = "8", default-features = false, features = ["build", "git", "gitcl"] }
+vergen = { version = "8", default-features = false, features = [
+    "build",
+    "git",
+    "gitcl",
+] }
 
 [target.'cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)'.dependencies]
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
-    "profiling",
-    "stats",
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
     "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
-], rev = "b7f9f3" }
+] }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "risingwave"
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 7774a2d917731..e0e2a4ab0528b 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "b7f9f3" }
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 5c3602a46fe68..005edb813f823 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -128,9 +128,8 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
                     .unwrap()
                     .to_string()
             } else {
-                let prof_prefix_mib = jemalloc_prof::prefix::mib().unwrap();
-                let prof_prefix = prof_prefix_mib.read().unwrap();
-                let mut file_path = prof_prefix.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+                let prof_prefix = jemalloc_opt::prof_prefix::read().unwrap();
+                let mut file_path = prof_prefix.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
                 file_path.push_str(&file_name);
                 file_path
             };
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 594f06b3b61c3..0e7b4e0d8be8f 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ serde_derive = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.106"
 sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
 tempfile = "3"
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
-    "profiling",
-], rev = "b7f9f3" }
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tracing = "0.1"

From 5ffd58db7d018989b28ec492e7c85c3625dd1d23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:35:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 052/430] refactor(connector): replace validate source rpc with
 jni (#12270)

---
 .../source/JniSourceValidateHandler.java      | 49 +++++++++++++++++
 .../source/SourceValidateHandler.java         |  6 +--
 .../src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs          | 53 ++++++++++++++-----
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       |  4 +-
 4 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/JniSourceValidateHandler.java

diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/JniSourceValidateHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/JniSourceValidateHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a25bf0dee065a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/JniSourceValidateHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector.source;
+
+import static com.risingwave.connector.source.SourceValidateHandler.validateResponse;
+import static com.risingwave.connector.source.SourceValidateHandler.validateSource;
+
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSourceValidateHandler {
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSourceValidateHandler.class);
+
+    public static byte[] validate(byte[] validateSourceRequestBytes)
+            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        try {
+            var request =
+                    ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest.parseFrom(
+                            validateSourceRequestBytes);
+
+            // For jni.rs
+            java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
+                    .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
+            validateSource(request);
+            // validate pass
+            return ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceResponse.newBuilder().build().toByteArray();
+        } catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Source validation failed", e);
+            return validateResponse(e.getMessage()).toByteArray();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Internal error on source validation", e);
+            return validateResponse("Internal error: " + e.getMessage()).toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
index 2611d1cca676b..38fd23ae1c1aa 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public void handle(ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest request) {
         }
     }
 
-    private ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceResponse validateResponse(String message) {
+    public static ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceResponse validateResponse(String message) {
         return ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceResponse.newBuilder()
                 .setError(
                         ConnectorServiceProto.ValidationError.newBuilder()
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ private ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceResponse validateResponse(String mes
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private void ensurePropNotNull(Map<String, String> props, String name) {
+    public static void ensurePropNotNull(Map<String, String> props, String name) {
         if (!props.containsKey(name)) {
             throw ValidatorUtils.invalidArgument(
                     String.format("'%s' not found, please check the WITH properties", name));
         }
     }
 
-    private void validateSource(ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest request)
+    public static void validateSource(ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest request)
             throws Exception {
         var props = request.getPropertiesMap();
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
index 1c689026e568b..0b98005b270f4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use jni::objects::{JByteArray, JValue, JValueOwned};
+use prost::Message;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SourceType;
+use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::JVM;
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{SourceType, ValidateSourceRequest, ValidateSourceResponse};
 
 use crate::source::cdc::{
     CdcProperties, CdcSourceTypeTrait, CdcSplitBase, Citus, DebeziumCdcSplit, MySqlCdcSplit, Mysql,
@@ -49,10 +53,6 @@ where
         props: CdcProperties<T>,
         context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        let connector_client = context.connector_client.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
-            anyhow!("connector node endpoint not specified or unable to connect to connector node")
-        })?;
-
         let server_addrs = props
             .props
             .get(DATABASE_SERVERS_KEY)
@@ -69,15 +69,42 @@ where
             SourceType::from(T::source_type())
         );
 
+        let mut env = JVM.as_ref()?.attach_current_thread()?;
+
+        let validate_source_request = ValidateSourceRequest {
+            source_id: context.info.source_id as u64,
+            source_type: props.get_source_type_pb() as _,
+            properties: props.props,
+            table_schema: Some(props.table_schema),
+        };
+
+        let validate_source_request_bytes =
+            env.byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&validate_source_request))?;
+
         // validate connector properties
-        connector_client
-            .validate_source_properties(
-                context.info.source_id as u64,
-                props.get_source_type_pb(),
-                props.props,
-                Some(props.table_schema),
-            )
-            .await?;
+        let response = env.call_static_method(
+            "com/risingwave/connector/source/JniSourceValidateHandler",
+            "validate",
+            "([B)[B",
+            &[JValue::Object(&validate_source_request_bytes)],
+        )?;
+
+        let validate_source_response_bytes = match response {
+            JValueOwned::Object(o) => unsafe { JByteArray::from_raw(o.into_raw()) },
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        let validate_source_response: ValidateSourceResponse = Message::decode(
+            risingwave_jni_core::to_guarded_slice(&validate_source_response_bytes, &mut env)?
+                .deref(),
+        )?;
+
+        validate_source_response.error.map_or(Ok(()), |err| {
+            Err(anyhow!(format!(
+                "source cannot pass validation: {}",
+                err.error_message
+            )))
+        })?;
 
         tracing::debug!("validate cdc source properties success");
         Ok(Self {
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index a8f0e5a683e35..6fa6f2f10e991 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub type GetEventStreamJniSender = Sender<GetEventStreamResponse>;
 static RUNTIME: LazyLock<Runtime> = LazyLock::new(|| tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap());
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
-enum BindingError {
+pub enum BindingError {
     #[error("JniError {error}")]
     Jni {
         #[from]
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ enum BindingError {
 
 type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, BindingError>;
 
-fn to_guarded_slice<'array, 'env>(
+pub fn to_guarded_slice<'array, 'env>(
     array: &'array JByteArray<'env>,
     env: &'array mut JNIEnv<'env>,
 ) -> Result<SliceGuard<'env, 'array>> {

From 4525e67bf73a98304350c46c4bea72786074a893 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:38:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 053/430] feat(stream): support source throttling (#12295)

---
 e2e_test/streaming/rate_limit.slt             |   2 +-
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |   2 +
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs          |   6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         |   3 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs  |   7 +
 src/stream/src/executor/flow_control.rs       |  12 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs           | 274 +++++++++---------
 7 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/rate_limit.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/rate_limit.slt
index 95e87b9fd681c..539a9736754cf 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/rate_limit.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/rate_limit.slt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ statement ok
 CREATE TABLE t1(v1 int, v2 int);
 
 statement ok
-SET RW_STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT TO 10000;
+SET STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT TO 10000;
 
 statement ok
 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m AS SELECT * FROM t1;
diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index de8cfe14746cf..bd54c0f924900 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ message StreamSource {
   map<string, string> properties = 6;
   catalog.StreamSourceInfo info = 7;
   string source_name = 8;
+  // Streaming rate limit
+  optional uint32 rate_limit = 9;
 }
 
 // The executor only for receiving barrier from the meta service. It always resides in the leaves
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index 7e8ad82665bab..2643f9e0643d4 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 37] = [
     "LOCK_TIMEOUT",
     "ROW_SECURITY",
     "STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS",
-    "RW_STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT",
+    "STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT",
     "CDC_BACKFILL",
     "RW_STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY",
 ];
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ const STATEMENT_TIMEOUT: usize = 30;
 const LOCK_TIMEOUT: usize = 31;
 const ROW_SECURITY: usize = 32;
 const STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS: usize = 33;
-const RW_STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
+const STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
 const CDC_BACKFILL: usize = 35;
 const STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY: usize = 36;
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ type StatementTimeout = ConfigI32<STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, 0>;
 type LockTimeout = ConfigI32<LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0>;
 type RowSecurity = ConfigBool<ROW_SECURITY, true>;
 type StandardConformingStrings = ConfigString<STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS>;
-type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<RW_STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
+type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
 type CdcBackfill = ConfigBool<CDC_BACKFILL, false>;
 
 /// Report status or notice to caller.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 3fa4f5aa026e9..828f509351b37 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -735,6 +735,8 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
             log_store_type: SinkLogStoreType::InMemoryLogStore as i32,
         }),
         Node::Source(me) => {
+            // TODO(kwannoel): Is branch used, seems to be a duplicate of stream_source?
+            let rate_limit = me.ctx().session_ctx().config().get_streaming_rate_limit();
             let me = &me.core.catalog;
             let source_inner = me.as_ref().map(|me| StreamSource {
                 source_id: me.id,
@@ -748,6 +750,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                 row_id_index: me.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
                 columns: me.columns.iter().map(|c| c.to_protobuf()).collect(),
                 properties: me.properties.clone().into_iter().collect(),
+                rate_limit,
             });
             PbNodeBody::Source(SourceNode { source_inner })
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
index 3172c4c06f80c..f188889189464 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{PbStreamSource, SourceNode};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, StreamNode};
 use crate::catalog::source_catalog::SourceCatalog;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::column_names_pretty;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
@@ -86,6 +87,12 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSource {
                 .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
                 .collect_vec(),
             properties: source_catalog.properties.clone().into_iter().collect(),
+            rate_limit: self
+                .base
+                .ctx()
+                .session_ctx()
+                .config()
+                .get_streaming_rate_limit(),
         });
         PbNodeBody::Source(SourceNode { source_inner })
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/flow_control.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/flow_control.rs
index 1790f212566b7..45e04717e2a9d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/flow_control.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/flow_control.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 
 use governor::clock::MonotonicClock;
-use governor::{Quota, RateLimiter};
+use governor::{InsufficientCapacity, Quota, RateLimiter};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -58,10 +58,12 @@ impl FlowControlExecutor {
                         let result = rate_limiter
                             .until_n_ready(NonZeroU32::new(chunk.cardinality() as u32).unwrap())
                             .await;
-                        assert!(
-                            result.is_ok(),
-                            "the capacity of rate_limiter must be larger than the cardinality of chunk"
-                        );
+                        if let Err(InsufficientCapacity(n)) = result {
+                            tracing::error!(
+                                "Rate Limit {} smaller than chunk cardinality {n}",
+                                self.rate_limit,
+                            );
+                        }
                     }
                     yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs
index f8487b98dc6a8..77bbcc53e69c5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::executor::external::ExternalStorageTable;
 use crate::executor::source::StreamSourceCore;
 use crate::executor::source_executor::SourceExecutor;
 use crate::executor::state_table_handler::SourceStateTableHandler;
-use crate::executor::{CdcBackfillExecutor, FsSourceExecutor};
+use crate::executor::{CdcBackfillExecutor, FlowControlExecutor, FsSourceExecutor};
 
 const FS_CONNECTORS: &[&str] = &["s3"];
 pub struct SourceExecutorBuilder;
@@ -50,150 +50,157 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
         let system_params = params.env.system_params_manager_ref().get_params();
 
         if let Some(source) = &node.source_inner {
-            let source_id = TableId::new(source.source_id);
-            let source_name = source.source_name.clone();
-            let source_info = source.get_info()?;
-
-            let source_desc_builder = SourceDescBuilder::new(
-                source.columns.clone(),
-                params.env.source_metrics(),
-                source.row_id_index.map(|x| x as _),
-                source.properties.clone(),
-                source_info.clone(),
-                params.env.connector_params(),
-                params.env.config().developer.connector_message_buffer_size,
-                // `pk_indices` is used to ensure that a message will be skipped instead of parsed
-                // with null pk when the pk column is missing.
-                //
-                // Currently pk_indices for source is always empty since pk information is not
-                // passed via `StreamSource` so null pk may be emitted to downstream.
-                //
-                // TODO: use the correct information to fill in pk_dicies.
-                // We should consdier add back the "pk_column_ids" field removed by #8841 in
-                // StreamSource
-                params.pk_indices.clone(),
-            );
-
-            let source_ctrl_opts = SourceCtrlOpts {
-                chunk_size: params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
-            };
-
-            let column_ids: Vec<_> = source
-                .columns
-                .iter()
-                .map(|column| ColumnId::from(column.get_column_desc().unwrap().column_id))
-                .collect();
-            let fields = source
-                .columns
-                .iter()
-                .map(|prost| {
-                    let column_desc = prost.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap();
-                    let data_type = DataType::from(column_desc.column_type.as_ref().unwrap());
-                    let name = column_desc.name.clone();
-                    Field::with_name(data_type, name)
-                })
-                .collect();
-            let schema = Schema::new(fields);
-
-            let state_table_handler = SourceStateTableHandler::from_table_catalog(
-                source.state_table.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                store.clone(),
-            )
-            .await;
-            let stream_source_core = StreamSourceCore::new(
-                source_id,
-                source_name,
-                column_ids,
-                source_desc_builder,
-                state_table_handler,
-            );
-
-            let connector = source
-                .properties
-                .get("connector")
-                .map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase())
-                .unwrap_or_default();
-            let is_fs_connector = FS_CONNECTORS.contains(&connector.as_str());
-
-            if is_fs_connector {
-                Ok(Box::new(FsSourceExecutor::new(
-                    params.actor_context,
-                    schema,
-                    params.pk_indices,
-                    stream_source_core,
-                    params.executor_stats,
-                    barrier_receiver,
-                    system_params,
-                    params.executor_id,
-                    source_ctrl_opts,
-                )?))
-            } else {
-                let source_exec = SourceExecutor::new(
-                    params.actor_context.clone(),
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    params.pk_indices.clone(),
-                    Some(stream_source_core),
-                    params.executor_stats.clone(),
-                    barrier_receiver,
-                    system_params,
-                    params.executor_id,
-                    source_ctrl_opts.clone(),
+            let executor = {
+                let source_id = TableId::new(source.source_id);
+                let source_name = source.source_name.clone();
+                let source_info = source.get_info()?;
+
+                let source_desc_builder = SourceDescBuilder::new(
+                    source.columns.clone(),
+                    params.env.source_metrics(),
+                    source.row_id_index.map(|x| x as _),
+                    source.properties.clone(),
+                    source_info.clone(),
                     params.env.connector_params(),
+                    params.env.config().developer.connector_message_buffer_size,
+                    // `pk_indices` is used to ensure that a message will be skipped instead of parsed
+                    // with null pk when the pk column is missing.
+                    //
+                    // Currently pk_indices for source is always empty since pk information is not
+                    // passed via `StreamSource` so null pk may be emitted to downstream.
+                    //
+                    // TODO: use the correct information to fill in pk_dicies.
+                    // We should consdier add back the "pk_column_ids" field removed by #8841 in
+                    // StreamSource
+                    params.pk_indices.clone(),
                 );
 
-                let table_type = ExternalTableType::from_properties(&source.properties);
-                if table_type.can_backfill() && let Some(table_desc) = source_info.upstream_table.clone() {
-                    let upstream_table_name = SchemaTableName::from_properties(&source.properties);
-                    let pk_indices = table_desc
-                        .pk
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|k| k.column_index as usize)
-                        .collect_vec();
-
-                    let order_types = table_desc
-                        .pk
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|desc| OrderType::from_protobuf(desc.get_order_type().unwrap()))
-                        .collect_vec();
-
-                    let table_reader = table_type.create_table_reader(source.properties.clone(), schema.clone())?;
-                    let external_table = ExternalStorageTable::new(
-                         TableId::new(source.source_id),
-                        upstream_table_name,
-                        table_reader,
-                        schema.clone(),
-                        order_types,
-                        pk_indices.clone(),
-                         (0..table_desc.columns.len()).collect_vec(),
-                    );
+                let source_ctrl_opts = SourceCtrlOpts {
+                    chunk_size: params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
+                };
+
+                let column_ids: Vec<_> = source
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|column| ColumnId::from(column.get_column_desc().unwrap().column_id))
+                    .collect();
+                let fields = source
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|prost| {
+                        let column_desc = prost.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap();
+                        let data_type = DataType::from(column_desc.column_type.as_ref().unwrap());
+                        let name = column_desc.name.clone();
+                        Field::with_name(data_type, name)
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                let schema = Schema::new(fields);
+
+                let state_table_handler = SourceStateTableHandler::from_table_catalog(
+                    source.state_table.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                    store.clone(),
+                )
+                .await;
+                let stream_source_core = StreamSourceCore::new(
+                    source_id,
+                    source_name,
+                    column_ids,
+                    source_desc_builder,
+                    state_table_handler,
+                );
 
-                    // use the state table from source to store the backfill state (may refactor in future)
-                    let source_state_handler = SourceStateTableHandler::from_table_catalog(
-                        source.state_table.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                        store.clone(),
-                    ).await;
-                    let cdc_backfill = CdcBackfillExecutor::new(
+                let connector = source
+                    .properties
+                    .get("connector")
+                    .map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                let is_fs_connector = FS_CONNECTORS.contains(&connector.as_str());
+
+                if is_fs_connector {
+                    FsSourceExecutor::new(
+                        params.actor_context,
+                        schema,
+                        params.pk_indices,
+                        stream_source_core,
+                        params.executor_stats,
+                        barrier_receiver,
+                        system_params,
+                        params.executor_id,
+                        source_ctrl_opts,
+                    )?
+                    .boxed()
+                } else {
+                    let source_exec = SourceExecutor::new(
                         params.actor_context.clone(),
-                        external_table,
-                        Box::new(source_exec),
-                        (0..source.columns.len()).collect_vec(),    // eliminate the last column (_rw_offset)
-                        None,
                         schema.clone(),
-                        pk_indices,
-                        params.executor_stats,
-                        source_state_handler,
-                        source_ctrl_opts.chunk_size
+                        params.pk_indices.clone(),
+                        Some(stream_source_core),
+                        params.executor_stats.clone(),
+                        barrier_receiver,
+                        system_params,
+                        params.executor_id,
+                        source_ctrl_opts.clone(),
+                        params.env.connector_params(),
                     );
-                    Ok(Box::new(cdc_backfill))
 
-                } else {
-                    Ok(Box::new(source_exec))
+                    let table_type = ExternalTableType::from_properties(&source.properties);
+                    if table_type.can_backfill() && let Some(table_desc) = source_info.upstream_table.clone() {
+                        let upstream_table_name = SchemaTableName::from_properties(&source.properties);
+                        let pk_indices = table_desc
+                            .pk
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|k| k.column_index as usize)
+                            .collect_vec();
+
+                        let order_types = table_desc
+                            .pk
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|desc| OrderType::from_protobuf(desc.get_order_type().unwrap()))
+                            .collect_vec();
+
+                        let table_reader = table_type.create_table_reader(source.properties.clone(), schema.clone())?;
+                        let external_table = ExternalStorageTable::new(
+                            TableId::new(source.source_id),
+                            upstream_table_name,
+                            table_reader,
+                            schema.clone(),
+                            order_types,
+                            pk_indices.clone(),
+                            (0..table_desc.columns.len()).collect_vec(),
+                        );
+
+                        // use the state table from source to store the backfill state (may refactor in future)
+                        let source_state_handler = SourceStateTableHandler::from_table_catalog(
+                            source.state_table.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                            store.clone(),
+                        ).await;
+                        let cdc_backfill = CdcBackfillExecutor::new(
+                            params.actor_context.clone(),
+                            external_table,
+                            Box::new(source_exec),
+                            (0..source.columns.len()).collect_vec(),    // eliminate the last column (_rw_offset)
+                            None,
+                            schema.clone(),
+                            pk_indices,
+                            params.executor_stats,
+                            source_state_handler,
+                            source_ctrl_opts.chunk_size
+                        );
+                        cdc_backfill.boxed()
+                    } else {
+                        source_exec.boxed()
+                    }
                 }
+            };
+            if let Ok(rate_limit) = source.get_rate_limit() {
+                Ok(FlowControlExecutor::new(executor, *rate_limit).boxed())
+            } else {
+                Ok(executor)
             }
         } else {
             // If there is no external stream source, then no data should be persisted. We pass a
             // `PanicStateStore` type here for indication.
-            Ok(Box::new(SourceExecutor::<PanicStateStore>::new(
+            Ok(SourceExecutor::<PanicStateStore>::new(
                 params.actor_context,
                 params.schema,
                 params.pk_indices,
@@ -205,7 +212,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                 // we don't expect any data in, so no need to set chunk_sizes
                 SourceCtrlOpts::default(),
                 params.env.connector_params(),
-            )))
+            )
+            .boxed())
         }
     }
 }

From 9814af8e4f86ada5ef051583a24acd5e56e30357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:45:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 054/430] feat(expr): add `pg_sleep` function (#12294)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 proto/expr.proto                         |  3 ++
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                |  6 ++-
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                | 34 +++++++++++++---
 src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs              | 10 +++--
 src/expr/macro/src/types.rs              |  4 ++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs          | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs            |  1 +
 src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs       |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs |  6 ++-
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs            |  6 ++-
 10 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs

diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index c4779deafacb4..e81036f92190d 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -220,6 +220,9 @@ message ExprNode {
     VNODE = 1101;
     // Non-deterministic functions
     PROCTIME = 2023;
+    PG_SLEEP = 2024;
+    PG_SLEEP_FOR = 2025;
+    PG_SLEEP_UNTIL = 2026;
   }
   Type function_type = 1;
   data.DataType return_type = 3;
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 6b7d33ac74680..9e8b4d9d3c1b2 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -235,11 +235,13 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             true => quote! { &mut writer, },
             false => quote! {},
         };
+        let await_ = user_fn.async_.then(|| quote! { .await });
         // call the user defined function
         // inputs: [ Option<impl ScalarRef> ]
-        let mut output =
-            quote! { #fn_name #generic(#(#non_prebuilt_inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg #context #writer) };
+        let mut output = quote! { #fn_name #generic(#(#non_prebuilt_inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg #context #writer) #await_ };
         output = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
+            // XXX: we don't support void type yet. return null::int for now.
+            _ if self.ret == "void" => quote! { { #output; Option::<i32>::None } },
             ReturnTypeKind::T => quote! { Some(#output) },
             ReturnTypeKind::Option => output,
             ReturnTypeKind::Result => quote! { Some(#output?) },
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 82e7c8014220a..4d8c48ca9ccac 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,18 +30,19 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// # Table of Contents
 ///
-/// - [Function Signature](#function-signature)
+/// - [SQL Function Signature](#sql-function-signature)
 ///     - [Multiple Function Definitions](#multiple-function-definitions)
 ///     - [Type Expansion](#type-expansion)
 ///     - [Automatic Type Inference](#automatic-type-inference)
 ///     - [Custom Type Inference Function](#custom-type-inference-function)
-/// - [Rust Function Requirements](#rust-function-requirements)
+/// - [Rust Function Signature](#rust-function-signature)
 ///     - [Nullable Arguments](#nullable-arguments)
 ///     - [Return Value](#return-value)
 ///     - [Optimization](#optimization)
 ///     - [Functions Returning Strings](#functions-returning-strings)
 ///     - [Preprocessing Constant Arguments](#preprocessing-constant-arguments)
 ///     - [Context](#context)
+///     - [Async Function](#async-function)
 /// - [Table Function](#table-function)
 /// - [Registration and Invocation](#registration-and-invocation)
 /// - [Appendix: Type Matrix](#appendix-type-matrix)
@@ -55,13 +56,13 @@ mod utils;
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
-/// # Function Signature
+/// # SQL Function Signature
 ///
 /// Each function must have a signature, specified in the `function("...")` part of the macro
 /// invocation. The signature follows this pattern:
 ///
 /// ```text
-/// name([arg_types],*) -> [setof] return_type
+/// name ( [arg_types],* ) [ -> [setof] return_type ]
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Where `name` is the function name, which must match the function name defined in `prost`.
@@ -73,6 +74,9 @@ mod utils;
 /// function (table function), meaning it can return multiple values instead of just one. For more
 /// details, see the section on table functions.
 ///
+/// If no return type is specified, the function returns `void`. However, the void type is not
+/// supported in our type system, so it now returns a null value of type int.
+///
 /// ## Multiple Function Definitions
 ///
 /// Multiple `#[function]` macros can be applied to a single generic Rust function to define
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// This type inference function will be invoked at the frontend.
 ///
-/// # Rust Function Requirements
+/// # Rust Function Signature
 ///
 /// The `#[function]` macro can handle various types of Rust functions.
 ///
@@ -277,6 +281,19 @@ mod utils;
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ## Async Function
+///
+/// Functions can be asynchronous.
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[function("pg_sleep(float64)")]
+/// async fn pg_sleep(second: F64) {
+///     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64(second.0)).await;
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Asynchronous functions will be evaluated on rows sequentially.
+///
 /// # Table Function
 ///
 /// A table function is a special kind of function that can return multiple values instead of just
@@ -460,6 +477,8 @@ struct FunctionAttr {
     prebuild: Option<String>,
     /// Type inference function.
     type_infer: Option<String>,
+    /// Whether the function is volatile.
+    volatile: bool,
     /// Whether the function is deprecated.
     deprecated: bool,
 }
@@ -469,6 +488,8 @@ struct FunctionAttr {
 struct UserFunctionAttr {
     /// Function name
     name: String,
+    /// Whether the function is async.
+    async_: bool,
     /// Whether contains argument `&Context`.
     context: bool,
     /// The last argument type is `&mut dyn Write`.
@@ -556,7 +577,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 impl UserFunctionAttr {
     /// Returns true if the function is like `fn(T1, T2, .., Tn) -> T`.
     fn is_pure(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.write
+        !self.async_
+            && !self.write
             && !self.context
             && !self.arg_option
             && self.return_type_kind == ReturnTypeKind::T
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
index dfcd08aafd3f9..be7a6c86df624 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ impl Parse for FunctionAttr {
 
         let sig = input.parse::<LitStr>()?;
         let sig_str = sig.value();
-        let (name_args, ret) = sig_str
-            .split_once("->")
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::new_spanned(&sig, "expected '->'"))?;
+        let (name_args, ret) = match sig_str.split_once("->") {
+            Some((name_args, ret)) => (name_args, ret),
+            None => (sig_str.as_str(), "void"),
+        };
         let (name, args) = name_args
             .split_once('(')
             .ok_or_else(|| Error::new_spanned(&sig, "expected '('"))?;
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ impl Parse for FunctionAttr {
                 parsed.prebuild = Some(get_value()?);
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("type_infer") {
                 parsed.type_infer = Some(get_value()?);
+            } else if meta.path().is_ident("volatile") {
+                parsed.volatile = true;
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("deprecated") {
                 parsed.deprecated = true;
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("append_only") {
@@ -113,6 +116,7 @@ impl From<&syn::Signature> for UserFunctionAttr {
         };
         UserFunctionAttr {
             name: sig.ident.to_string(),
+            async_: sig.asyncness.is_some(),
             write: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_write),
             context: sig.inputs.iter().any(arg_is_context),
             retract: last_arg_is_retract(sig),
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
index b9e4e9b6ccef5..53f224b79a773 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ fn lookup_matrix(mut ty: &str, idx: usize) -> &str {
         ty = "list";
     } else if ty.starts_with("struct") {
         ty = "struct";
+    } else if ty == "void" {
+        // XXX: we don't support void type yet.
+        //      replace it with int32 for now.
+        ty = "int32";
     }
     let s = TYPE_MATRIX.trim().lines().find_map(|line| {
         let mut parts = line.split_whitespace();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b1661e56e75b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, F64};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+/// Makes the current session's process sleep until the given number of seconds have elapsed.
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// query I
+/// SELECT pg_sleep(1.5);
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+/// ```
+#[function("pg_sleep(float64)", volatile)]
+async fn pg_sleep(second: F64) {
+    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64(second.0)).await;
+}
+
+/// Makes the current session's process sleep until the given interval has elapsed.
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// query I
+/// SELECT pg_sleep_for('1 second');
+/// ----
+/// NULL
+/// ```
+#[function("pg_sleep_for(interval)", volatile)]
+async fn pg_sleep_for(interval: Interval) {
+    // we only use the microsecond part of the interval
+    let usecs = if interval.is_positive() {
+        interval.usecs() as u64
+    } else {
+        // return if the interval is not positive
+        return;
+    };
+    let duration = Duration::from_micros(usecs);
+    tokio::time::sleep(duration).await;
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
index aa0f99a505d68..acad4f8e71686 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub mod cmp;
 pub mod concat_op;
 pub mod conjunction;
 pub mod date_trunc;
+pub mod delay;
 pub mod encdec;
 pub mod exp;
 pub mod extract;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
index f0ad130cd6d3d..12b0aa6e5ef51 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Get the processing time in Timestamptz scalar from the task-local epoch.
-#[function("proctime() -> timestamptz")]
+#[function("proctime() -> timestamptz", volatile)]
 fn proctime() -> Result<Timestamptz> {
     let epoch = epoch::task_local::curr_epoch().ok_or(ExprError::Context)?;
     Ok(epoch.as_timestamptz())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 6bfa4883c6a5e..9cb17c5e39250 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -1142,7 +1142,11 @@ impl Binder {
                 // non-deterministic
                 ("now", now()),
                 ("current_timestamp", now()),
-                ("proctime", proctime())
+                ("proctime", proctime()),
+                ("pg_sleep", raw_call(ExprType::PgSleep)),
+                ("pg_sleep_for", raw_call(ExprType::PgSleepFor)),
+                // TODO: implement pg_sleep_until
+                // ("pg_sleep_until", raw_call(ExprType::PgSleepUntil)),
             ]
             .into_iter()
             .collect()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index a229fed79b4f0..3c48aa6561821 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -207,7 +207,11 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
                 x
             }
             // expression output is not deterministic
-            expr_node::Type::Vnode | expr_node::Type::Proctime => true,
+            expr_node::Type::Vnode
+            | expr_node::Type::Proctime
+            | expr_node::Type::PgSleep
+            | expr_node::Type::PgSleepFor
+            | expr_node::Type::PgSleepUntil => true,
         }
     }
 }

From ec129b65f8a3645532d070f3cc4c4ee8f4f67406 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 16:04:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 055/430] chore: use cfg! to instead of #cfg[] for jemalloc
 control policy (#12307)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  1 +
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                        |  4 +--
 .../src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs   |  3 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      | 31 +++++++------------
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        | 18 ++++-------
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e9edb2360ef31..9a481abea2090 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10094,6 +10094,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index e0e2a4ab0528b..24d12151c04b7 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ risingwave_storage = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_stream = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
-
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ tonic = { workspace = true }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
index 9481ef0ebef71..656d42ed54422 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
         auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
     ) -> Arc<Self> {
         let memory_control_policy =
-            build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes, auto_dump_heap_profile_config.clone())
-                .unwrap();
+            build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes, auto_dump_heap_profile_config.clone());
         tracing::info!("memory control policy: {:?}", &memory_control_policy);
 
         if auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index f9553f860ae41..0b45f92bfb4a1 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ pub mod memory_manager;
 
 // Only enable the non-trivial policies on Linux as it relies on statistics from `jemalloc-ctl`
 // which might be inaccurate on other platforms.
-#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 pub mod policy;
 
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
 use risingwave_common::config::{AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig, StorageConfig, StorageMemoryConfig};
-use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::util::pretty_bytes::convert;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 
@@ -69,28 +67,23 @@ pub trait MemoryControl: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug {
     ) -> MemoryControlStats;
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
     total_memory_bytes: usize,
     auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
-) -> Result<MemoryControlRef> {
+) -> MemoryControlRef {
     use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
 
-    Ok(Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
-        total_memory_bytes,
-        auto_dump_heap_profile_config,
-    )))
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
-pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
-    _total_memory_bytes: usize,
-    _auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
-) -> Result<MemoryControlRef> {
-    // We disable memory control on operating systems other than Linux now because jemalloc
-    // stats do not work well.
-    tracing::warn!("memory control is only enabled on Linux now");
-    Ok(Box::new(DummyPolicy))
+    if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+        Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
+            total_memory_bytes,
+            auto_dump_heap_profile_config,
+        ))
+    } else {
+        // We disable memory control on operating systems other than Linux now because jemalloc
+        // stats do not work well.
+        tracing::warn!("memory control is only enabled on Linux now");
+        Box::new(DummyPolicy)
+    }
 }
 
 /// `DummyPolicy` is used for operarting systems other than Linux. It does nothing as memory control
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 640eb03be7415..01f1ed6d1c4cf 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
     #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
     async fn heap_profiling(
         &self,
@@ -117,6 +116,12 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
 
         use tikv_jemalloc_ctl;
 
+        if !cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+            return Err(Status::unimplemented(
+                "heap profiling is only implemented on Linux",
+            ));
+        }
+
         if !tikv_jemalloc_ctl::opt::prof::read().unwrap() {
             return Err(Status::failed_precondition(
                 "Jemalloc profiling is not enabled on the node. Try start the node with `MALLOC_CONF=prof:true`",
@@ -147,17 +152,6 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_path_ptr) };
         response
     }
-
-    #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
-    async fn heap_profiling(
-        &self,
-        _request: Request<HeapProfilingRequest>,
-    ) -> Result<Response<HeapProfilingResponse>, Status> {
-        Err(Status::unimplemented(
-            "heap profiling is only implemented on Linux",
-        ))
-    }
 }
 
 pub use grpc_middleware::*;
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index a539527690fce..c84d4dcb26edf 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@ smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "unio
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }

From 7ca370a5482347ba66eec16e1c4d464665ed32c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 16:24:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 056/430] feat(refill): fetch whole sst file when refilling
 (#12265)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  10 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py |  24 +---
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |   2 +-
 src/config/example.toml                       |   2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |   2 +-
 .../src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs     | 135 +++++++++---------
 src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs   |  15 ++
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs      |  61 ++++----
 10 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9a481abea2090..3483b01481b89 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2803,7 +2803,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
 dependencies = [
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-intrusive",
@@ -2814,7 +2814,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
@@ -2828,7 +2828,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-intrusive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cmsketch",
@@ -2845,7 +2845,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-storage"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-channel",
@@ -2875,7 +2875,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-workspace-hack"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=2c6f080#2c6f080835f49fc6026b97fd53d389bae81e9361"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "either",
diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index b57021d2cef98..f77c96fcf853c 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 6fa036b257f09..98869325bb63d 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -2262,16 +2262,12 @@ def section_hummock_tiered_cache(outer_panels):
                     "",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('data_refill_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (op, instance)",
-                            "data file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('refill_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (type, op, instance)",
+                            "{{type}} file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('data_refill_filtered_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance)",
-                            "data file cache refill - filtered @ {{instance}}",
-                        ),
-                        panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('meta_refill_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (op, instance)",
-                            "meta file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('refill_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (type, op, instance)",
+                            "{{type}} file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -2281,17 +2277,9 @@ def section_hummock_tiered_cache(outer_panels):
                     [
                         *quantile(
                             lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('data_refill_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, op, instance))",
-                                f"p{legend} - " +
-                                "data file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
-                            ),
-                            [50, 99, "max"],
-                        ),
-                        *quantile(
-                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_refill_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance))",
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('refill_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, type, op, instance))",
                                 f"p{legend} - " +
-                                "meta cache refill @ {{instance}}",
+                                "{{type}} file cache refill - {{op}} @ {{instance}}",
                             ),
                             [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index b57021d2cef98..f77c96fcf853c 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 8c32a1a0b80c8..7ad9a29e429c1 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ pub mod default {
         }
 
         pub fn concurrency() -> usize {
-            100
+            10
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index b088843c66c65..603d0b5cc2bba 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ reclaim_rate_limit_mb = 0
 [storage.cache_refill]
 data_refill_levels = []
 timeout_ms = 6000
-concurrency = 100
+concurrency = 10
 
 [system]
 barrier_interval_ms = 1000
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 6a07f6a990897..77501cd5f4dcd 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ dyn-clone = "1.0.13"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"
-foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "2c6f080" }
+foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "41b1d39" }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hex = "0.4"
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
index 7e14f92bd76a4..a25461a9f8a1e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use futures::future::{join_all, try_join_all};
 use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericCounter};
+use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec};
 use prometheus::{
-    register_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_histogram_with_registry,
-    register_int_counter_with_registry, register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, HistogramVec,
-    IntGauge, Registry,
+    register_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_int_counter_vec_with_registry,
+    register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, HistogramVec, IntGauge, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::SstDeltaInfo;
@@ -41,46 +40,52 @@ pub static GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS: LazyLock<CacheRefillMetrics> =
     LazyLock::new(|| CacheRefillMetrics::new(&GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY));
 
 pub struct CacheRefillMetrics {
-    pub data_refill_duration: HistogramVec,
+    pub refill_duration: HistogramVec,
+    pub refill_total: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
-    pub data_refill_duration_admitted: Histogram,
-    pub data_refill_duration_rejected: Histogram,
-    pub data_refill_filtered_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub data_refill_success_duration: Histogram,
+    pub meta_refill_success_duration: Histogram,
 
-    pub meta_refill_duration: Histogram,
+    pub data_refill_filtered_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub data_refill_attempts_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub meta_refill_attempts_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
 
     pub refill_queue_total: IntGauge,
 }
 
 impl CacheRefillMetrics {
     pub fn new(registry: &Registry) -> Self {
-        let data_refill_duration = register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
-            "data_refill_duration",
-            "data refill duration",
-            &["op"],
+        let refill_duration = register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+            "refill_duration",
+            "refill duration",
+            &["type", "op"],
             registry,
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let data_refill_duration_admitted = data_refill_duration
-            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["admitted"])
-            .unwrap();
-        let data_refill_duration_rejected = data_refill_duration
-            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["rejected"])
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let data_refill_filtered_total = register_int_counter_with_registry!(
-            "data_refill_filtered_total",
-            "data refill filtered total",
+        let refill_total = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "refill_total",
+            "refill total",
+            &["type", "op"],
             registry,
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let meta_refill_duration = register_histogram_with_registry!(
-            "meta_refill_duration",
-            "meta refill duration",
-            registry,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let data_refill_success_duration = refill_duration
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "success"])
+            .unwrap();
+        let meta_refill_success_duration = refill_duration
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["meta", "success"])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let data_refill_filtered_total = refill_total
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "filtered"])
+            .unwrap();
+        let data_refill_attempts_total = refill_total
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "attempts"])
+            .unwrap();
+        let meta_refill_attempts_total = refill_total
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["meta", "attempts"])
+            .unwrap();
 
         let refill_queue_total = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
             "refill_queue_total",
@@ -90,11 +95,14 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
         .unwrap();
 
         Self {
-            data_refill_duration,
-            data_refill_duration_admitted,
-            data_refill_duration_rejected,
+            refill_duration,
+            refill_total,
+
+            data_refill_success_duration,
+            meta_refill_success_duration,
             data_refill_filtered_total,
-            meta_refill_duration,
+            data_refill_attempts_total,
+            meta_refill_attempts_total,
             refill_queue_total,
         }
     }
@@ -233,10 +241,14 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
             .insert_sst_infos
             .iter()
             .map(|info| async {
-                let _timer = GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
-                    .meta_refill_duration
-                    .start_timer();
-                context.sstable_store.sstable_syncable(info, &stats).await
+                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.meta_refill_attempts_total.inc();
+
+                let now = Instant::now();
+                let res = context.sstable_store.sstable_syncable(info, &stats).await;
+                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
+                    .meta_refill_success_duration
+                    .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64());
+                res
             })
             .collect_vec();
         let res = try_join_all(tasks).await?;
@@ -271,42 +283,31 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
                 .iter()
                 .any(|id| filter.contains(id))
         {
-            let blocks = holders
-                .iter()
-                .map(|meta| meta.value().block_count() as u64)
-                .sum();
-            GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
-                .data_refill_filtered_total
-                .inc_by(blocks);
+            GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_filtered_total.inc();
             return;
         }
 
         let mut tasks = vec![];
         for sst_info in &holders {
-            for block_index in 0..sst_info.value().block_count() {
-                let meta = sst_info.value();
-                let mut stat = StoreLocalStatistic::default();
-                let task = async move {
-                    let permit = context.concurrency.acquire().await.unwrap();
-                    match context
-                        .sstable_store
-                        .may_fill_data_file_cache(meta, block_index, &mut stat)
-                        .await
-                    {
-                        Ok(true) => GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
-                            .data_refill_duration_admitted
-                            .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
-                        Ok(false) => GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
-                            .data_refill_duration_rejected
-                            .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            tracing::warn!("data cache refill error: {:?}", e);
-                        }
+            let task = async move {
+                let permit = context.concurrency.acquire().await.unwrap();
+
+                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_attempts_total.inc();
+                match context
+                    .sstable_store
+                    .fill_data_file_cache(sst_info.value())
+                    .await
+                {
+                    Ok(()) => GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
+                        .data_refill_success_duration
+                        .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        tracing::warn!("data cache refill error: {:?}", e);
                     }
-                    drop(permit);
-                };
-                tasks.push(task);
-            }
+                }
+                drop(permit);
+            };
+            tasks.push(task);
         }
 
         join_all(tasks).await;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
index da47c1562eaee..fd549cbc2a96c 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
@@ -264,6 +264,21 @@ where
         }
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, value))]
+    pub async fn insert_force(&self, key: K, value: V) -> Result<bool> {
+        match self {
+            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
+            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
+                let store = store.clone();
+                runtime
+                    .spawn(async move { store.insert_force(key, value).await })
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// only fetch value if judge pass
     #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, fetch_value))]
     pub async fn insert_with<F, FU>(
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
index 340244af73d4a..5faa0a8841ea9 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use fail::fail_point;
+use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::{future, StreamExt};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::cache::{CachePriority, LookupResponse, LruCacheEventListener};
@@ -547,43 +548,43 @@ impl SstableStore {
         &self.data_file_cache
     }
 
-    pub async fn may_fill_data_file_cache(
-        &self,
-        sst: &Sstable,
-        block_index: usize,
-        stats: &mut StoreLocalStatistic,
-    ) -> HummockResult<bool> {
+    pub async fn fill_data_file_cache(&self, sst: &Sstable) -> HummockResult<()> {
         let object_id = sst.id;
-        let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
-
-        stats.cache_data_block_total += 1;
-        let fetch_block = move || {
-            stats.cache_data_block_miss += 1;
-            let data_path = self.get_sst_data_path(object_id);
-            let store = self.store.clone();
-
-            async move {
-                let data = store.read(&data_path, range).await?;
-                let block = Block::decode(data, uncompressed_capacity)?;
-                let block = Box::new(block);
-
-                Ok(block)
-            }
-        };
 
         if let Some(filter) = self.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref() {
             filter.insert(object_id);
         }
 
-        let key = SstableBlockIndex {
-            sst_id: object_id,
-            block_idx: block_index as u64,
-        };
+        let data = self
+            .store
+            .read(&self.get_sst_data_path(object_id), ..)
+            .await?;
 
-        self.data_file_cache
-            .insert_with(key, fetch_block, uncompressed_capacity)
-            .await
-            .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)
+        let mut tasks = vec![];
+        for block_index in 0..sst.block_count() {
+            let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
+            let bytes = data.slice(range);
+            let block = Block::decode(bytes, uncompressed_capacity)?;
+            let block = Box::new(block);
+
+            let key = SstableBlockIndex {
+                sst_id: object_id,
+                block_idx: block_index as u64,
+            };
+
+            let cache = self.data_file_cache.clone();
+            let task = async move {
+                cache
+                    .insert_force(key, block)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)
+            };
+            tasks.push(task);
+        }
+
+        try_join_all(tasks).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 

From ae4b1f8a9e1c0a2aef700adb8554142ae4fe4a8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 08:41:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 057/430] chore(deps): Bump clap from 4.4.2 to 4.4.3 (#12245)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3483b01481b89..edabb832341fb 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1552,9 +1552,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.4.2"
+version = "4.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a13b88d2c62ff462f88e4a121f17a82c1af05693a2f192b5c38d14de73c19f6"
+checksum = "84ed82781cea27b43c9b106a979fe450a13a31aab0500595fb3fc06616de08e6"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",

From 1ecea639b746ee61f741456b2a3d6a98b637f897 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 16:43:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 058/430] refactor(risedev): split the steps for building and
 running playground (#12279)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 .cargo/config.toml                  |  1 -
 Cargo.lock                          | 10 +++++
 Makefile.toml                       | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 scripts/coredump/sign-and-run       | 10 -----
 src/risedevtool/common.toml         |  1 +
 src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml        |  1 +
 src/utils/runtime/src/panic_hook.rs |  4 ++
 7 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100755 scripts/coredump/sign-and-run

diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
index ce84940299190..2c41ca0110f64 100644
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ rustflags = [
 ]
 
 [target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
-runner = "scripts/coredump/sign-and-run"
 rustflags = [
     # neon is enabled by default
     "-Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/ld64.lld",
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index edabb832341fb..faec2fdfb3aa8 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7367,6 +7367,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_variables",
+ "rlimit",
  "time",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-opentelemetry",
@@ -7708,6 +7709,15 @@ version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3582f63211428f83597b51b2ddb88e2a91a9d52d12831f9d08f5e624e8977422"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rlimit"
+version = "0.10.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3560f70f30a0f16d11d01ed078a07740fe6b489667abc7c7b029155d9f21c3d8"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rsa"
 version = "0.9.2"
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index bbcc0df84243a..1583f7185e179 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -281,6 +281,23 @@ ln -s "$(pwd)/target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave" "$
 ln -s "$(pwd)/target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave" "${PREFIX_BIN}/risingwave/standalone"
 '''
 
+[tasks.codesign-playground]
+private = true
+category = "RiseDev - Build"
+description = "Codesign playground binary to support coredump"
+# If core dump is enabled by RiseDev and we're on an Apple Silicon platform,
+# codesign the binary before running.
+# https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/694233?answerId=695943022#695943022
+condition = { env_set = [
+  "ENABLE_COREDUMP",
+], env = { "SYSTEM" = "darwin-arm64" } }
+script = '''
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+codesign -s - -f --entitlements scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements "target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave"
+'''
+
 [tasks.codesign-binaries]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
@@ -303,6 +320,7 @@ else
   binaries=("meta-node" "compute-node" "frontend" "compactor")
 fi
 
+set -ex
 echo -n "${binaries[*]}" | parallel -d ' ' \
   "codesign -s - -f --entitlements scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements \"target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/{}\""
 '''
@@ -393,6 +411,24 @@ ${BUILD_HUMMOCK_TRACE_CMD}\
             ${RISEDEV_CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_ARGS}
 '''
 
+[tasks.build-risingwave-playground]
+category = "RiseDev - Build"
+description = "Build RisingWave playground"
+condition = { env_true = ["ENABLE_BUILD_RUST"] }
+script = '''
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+[[ -z "${RISEDEV_RUSTFLAGS}" ]] || export RUSTFLAGS="${RISEDEV_RUSTFLAGS}"
+echo + RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS:-<not set>}"
+set -xe
+
+cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all \
+          --profile "${RISINGWAVE_BUILD_PROFILE}" \
+          ${RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS} \
+          ${RISEDEV_CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_ARGS}
+'''
+
 [tasks.clean]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
@@ -508,7 +544,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [tasks.pre-start-playground]
 category = "RiseDev - Prepare"
 description = "Preparation steps for playground"
-dependencies = ["build-connector-node"]
+dependencies = [
+  "build-risingwave-playground",
+  "codesign-playground",
+  "build-connector-node",
+]
 
 [tasks.check-risedev-env-file]
 private = true
@@ -557,35 +597,31 @@ dependencies = ["pre-start-playground"]
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -ex
-
+set -e
 if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "+ ulimit -c unlimited"
   ulimit -c unlimited
 fi
 
-cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
-          --profile "${RISINGWAVE_BUILD_PROFILE}" \
-          ${RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS} \
-          -- playground
+set -x
+target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave playground $@
 '''
 
 [tasks.standalone]
 category = "RiseDev - Start/Stop"
 description = "🌟 Start a RisingWave standalone instance"
-dependencies = ["build"]
+dependencies = ["pre-start-playground"]
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -euo pipefail
-
+set -e
 if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "+ ulimit -c unlimited"
   ulimit -c unlimited
 fi
 
-cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
-          --profile "${RISINGWAVE_BUILD_PROFILE}" \
-          ${RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS} \
-          -- standalone $@
+set -x
+target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risingwave standalone $@
 '''
 
 # TODO(kwannoel): Support `tasks.standalone-dev` as well.
@@ -612,12 +648,13 @@ description = "🌟 Start a full RisingWave dev cluster using risedev-dev"
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -ex
-
+set -e
 if [[ $ENABLE_COREDUMP == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "+ ulimit -c unlimited"
   ulimit -c unlimited
 fi
 
+set -x
 target/${BUILD_MODE_DIR}/risedev-dev ${@}
 '''
 
diff --git a/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run b/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run
deleted file mode 100755
index 9f2bf69471d61..0000000000000
--- a/scripts/coredump/sign-and-run
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env zsh
-
-# If core dump is enabled by RiseDev and we're on an Apple Silicon platform,
-# codesign the binary before running.
-# https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/694233?answerId=695943022#695943022
-if [[ "$ENABLE_COREDUMP" == "true" ]]; then
-    codesign -s - -f --entitlements scripts/coredump/coredump.entitlements "$1"
-fi
-
-exec "$@"
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/common.toml b/src/risedevtool/common.toml
index a664f13635a08..9e0b30ae7e561 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/common.toml
+++ b/src/risedevtool/common.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [env]
 RISEDEV = "1"
+RUST_BACKTRACE = "1"
 OS = { source = "${CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_OS}", mapping = { linux = "linux", macos = "darwin" } }
 ARCH = { source = "${CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_ARCH}", mapping = { x86_64 = "amd64", aarch64 = "arm64" } }
 SYSTEM = "${OS}-${ARCH}"
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
index 6a11fce54ffb6..f63f7d63d7e7b 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pprof = { version = "0.12", features = ["flamegraph"] }
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_variables = { workspace = true }
+rlimit = "0.10"
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["formatting", "local-offset"] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/src/panic_hook.rs b/src/utils/runtime/src/panic_hook.rs
index 992126e196f58..848e7df8509c7 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/src/panic_hook.rs
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/src/panic_hook.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 /// Set panic hook to abort the process if we're not catching unwind, without losing the information
 /// of stack trace and await-tree.
 pub fn set_panic_hook() {
+    if let Ok(limit) = rlimit::Resource::CORE.get_soft() && limit > 0 {
+        tracing::info!(limit, "coredump on panic is likely to be enabled");
+    };
+
     std::panic::update_hook(|default_hook, info| {
         default_hook(info);
 

From db0c09929b01bad38c67fadbe1c6d65779e3fb4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 17:30:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 059/430] feat(stream): handling watermark in temporal join
 (#12302)

---
 .../temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt | 71 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs      | 48 ++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d1557ab2fa75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int, v1 timestamp with time zone, watermark for v1 as v1 - INTERVAL '10' SECOND) APPEND ONLY;
+
+# FIXME. If we don't insert at first, it would cause a panic when create eowc_mv.
+statement ok
+insert into stream values (1, 1, 1, '2023-09-14 06:00:00');
+
+statement ok
+create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2));
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view temporal_join_mv as select id1, a1, id2, v1 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on id1 = id2;
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view eowc_mv as select window_start, count(id1) from tumble(temporal_join_mv, v1, interval '5 s') group by window_start emit on window close;
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from temporal_join_mv;
+----
+1 1 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from eowc_mv;
+----
+
+statement ok
+insert into stream values (2, 2, 2, '2023-09-14 06:00:25');
+
+sleep 5s
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from temporal_join_mv;
+----
+1 1 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00
+2 2 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:25+00:00
+
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from eowc_mv;
+----
+2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00 1
+
+statement ok
+insert into stream values (3, 3, 3, '2023-09-14 06:00:45');
+
+sleep 5s
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from temporal_join_mv;
+----
+1 1 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00
+2 2 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:25+00:00
+3 3 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:45+00:00
+
+query IIII rowsort
+select * from eowc_mv;
+----
+2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00 1
+2023-09-14 06:00:25+00:00 1
+
+statement ok
+drop table stream cascade;
+
+statement ok
+drop table version cascade;
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
index 1372ad808eab0..462f3f2fe1af0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ use crate::cache::{cache_may_stale, new_with_hasher_in, ManagedLruCache};
 use crate::common::metrics::MetricsInfo;
 use crate::common::JoinStreamChunkBuilder;
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
-use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, BoxedExecutor, JoinType, JoinTypePrimitive, PkIndices};
+use crate::executor::{
+    ActorContextRef, BoxedExecutor, JoinType, JoinTypePrimitive, PkIndices, Watermark,
+};
 use crate::task::AtomicU64Ref;
 
 pub struct TemporalJoinExecutor<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> {
@@ -235,15 +237,16 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> TemporalSide<K, S> {
 enum InternalMessage {
     Chunk(StreamChunk),
     Barrier(Vec<StreamChunk>, Barrier),
+    WaterMark(Watermark),
 }
 
 #[try_stream(ok = StreamChunk, error = StreamExecutorError)]
-pub async fn chunks_until_barrier(stream: impl MessageStream, expected_barrier: Barrier) {
+async fn chunks_until_barrier(stream: impl MessageStream, expected_barrier: Barrier) {
     #[for_await]
     for item in stream {
         match item? {
             Message::Watermark(_) => {
-                // TODO: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/6042
+                // ignore
             }
             Message::Chunk(c) => yield c,
             Message::Barrier(b) if b.epoch != expected_barrier.epoch => {
@@ -254,6 +257,23 @@ pub async fn chunks_until_barrier(stream: impl MessageStream, expected_barrier:
     }
 }
 
+#[try_stream(ok = InternalMessage, error = StreamExecutorError)]
+async fn internal_messages_until_barrier(stream: impl MessageStream, expected_barrier: Barrier) {
+    #[for_await]
+    for item in stream {
+        match item? {
+            Message::Watermark(w) => {
+                yield InternalMessage::WaterMark(w);
+            }
+            Message::Chunk(c) => yield InternalMessage::Chunk(c),
+            Message::Barrier(b) if b.epoch != expected_barrier.epoch => {
+                return Err(StreamExecutorError::align_barrier(expected_barrier, b));
+            }
+            Message::Barrier(_) => return Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // Align the left and right inputs according to their barriers,
 // such that in the produced stream, an aligned interval starts with
 // any number of `InternalMessage::Chunk(left_chunk)` and followed by
@@ -285,18 +305,20 @@ async fn align_input(left: Box<dyn Executor>, right: Box<dyn Executor>) {
                 }
                 Some(Either::Right(Ok(Message::Barrier(b)))) => {
                     #[for_await]
-                    for chunk in chunks_until_barrier(left.by_ref(), b.clone()) {
-                        yield InternalMessage::Chunk(chunk?);
+                    for internal_message in
+                        internal_messages_until_barrier(left.by_ref(), b.clone())
+                    {
+                        yield internal_message?;
                     }
                     yield InternalMessage::Barrier(right_chunks, b);
                     break 'inner;
                 }
                 Some(Either::Left(Err(e)) | Either::Right(Err(e))) => return Err(e),
-                Some(
-                    Either::Left(Ok(Message::Watermark(_)))
-                    | Either::Right(Ok(Message::Watermark(_))),
-                ) => {
-                    // TODO: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/6042
+                Some(Either::Left(Ok(Message::Watermark(w)))) => {
+                    yield InternalMessage::WaterMark(w);
+                }
+                Some(Either::Right(Ok(Message::Watermark(_)))) => {
+                    // ignore right side watermark
                 }
                 None => return Ok(()),
             }
@@ -381,6 +403,8 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
             self.right.schema().len(),
         );
 
+        let left_to_output: HashMap<usize, usize> = HashMap::from_iter(left_map.iter().cloned());
+
         let right_stream_key_indices = self.right.pk_indices().to_vec();
 
         let null_matched = K::Bitmap::from_bool_vec(self.null_safe);
@@ -398,6 +422,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
                 .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
                 .set(self.right_table.cache.len() as i64);
             match msg? {
+                InternalMessage::WaterMark(watermark) => {
+                    let output_watermark_col_idx = *left_to_output.get(&watermark.col_idx).unwrap();
+                    yield Message::Watermark(watermark.with_idx(output_watermark_col_idx));
+                }
                 InternalMessage::Chunk(chunk) => {
                     // Compact chunk, otherwise the following keys and chunk rows might fail to zip.
                     let chunk = chunk.compact();

From a93418501fc269a2400ccff18c6290c6c032d2c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 17:31:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 060/430] fix(optimizer): relax scan predicate pull up mapping
 inverse restriction (#12308)

---
 .../testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml      | 12 +++++++
 .../testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml     | 35 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs   | 21 +++++++----
 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
index e1215c828cc7f..d17cb92dc8577 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -92,3 +92,15 @@
   expected_outputs:
     - batch_plan
     - stream_plan
+- name: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12298
+  sql: |
+    create table t1(c varchar, n varchar, id varchar, d varchar);
+    create table t2(c varchar, p varchar, id varchar, d varchar);
+    select array_agg(t1.n order by path_idx) from t1
+    join t2
+    on t1.c = 'abc'
+    and t2.c = 'abc'
+    cross join unnest((case when t2.p <> '' then (string_to_array(trim(t2.p, ','), ',') || t2.d) else ARRAY[t2.d] end)) WITH ORDINALITY AS path_cols(path_val, path_idx)
+    where path_val = t1.id;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
index b67362ea5da4f..2f72bc6d4f4a2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -173,3 +173,38 @@
           └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- name: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12298
+  sql: |
+    create table t1(c varchar, n varchar, id varchar, d varchar);
+    create table t2(c varchar, p varchar, id varchar, d varchar);
+    select array_agg(t1.n order by path_idx) from t1
+    join t2
+    on t1.c = 'abc'
+    and t2.c = 'abc'
+    cross join unnest((case when t2.p <> '' then (string_to_array(trim(t2.p, ','), ',') || t2.d) else ARRAY[t2.d] end)) WITH ORDINALITY AS path_cols(path_val, path_idx)
+    where path_val = t1.id;
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [array_agg], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [array_agg(t1.n order_by($expr1 ASC))] }
+      └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [array_agg(t1.n order_by($expr1 ASC)), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.n, (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t1._row_id, t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d, projected_row_id, t1.id, t2._row_id] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.p IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.p AND t2.p IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.p AND t2.d IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.d AND t2.d IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.d, output: [t1.n, t1.id, projected_row_id, t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d, Unnest(Case(($1 <> '':Varchar), ArrayAppend(StringToArray(Trim($1, ',':Varchar), ',':Varchar), $3), Array($3))), t2.p, t2.d, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+              ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.p, t2.d) }
+              │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.id = Unnest(Case(($1 <> '':Varchar), ArrayAppend(StringToArray(Trim($1, ',':Varchar), ',':Varchar), $3), Array($3))), output: [t1.n, t1.id, projected_row_id, t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d, Unnest(Case(($1 <> '':Varchar), ArrayAppend(StringToArray(Trim($1, ',':Varchar), ',':Varchar), $3), Array($3))), t1._row_id] }
+              │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.id) }
+              │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.n, t1.id, t1._row_id] }
+              │   │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t1.c = 'abc':Varchar) }
+              │   │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.n, t1.id, t1._row_id, t1.c], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+              │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest(Case(($1 <> '':Varchar), ArrayAppend(StringToArray(Trim($1, ',':Varchar), ',':Varchar), $3), Array($3)))) }
+              │     └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, $1, $2, $3, Unnest(Case(($1 <> '':Varchar), ArrayAppend(StringToArray(Trim($1, ',':Varchar), ',':Varchar), $3), Array($3)))] }
+              │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d] }
+              │         └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d], aggs: [count] }
+              │           └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d) }
+              │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d, t2._row_id] }
+              │               └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t2.c = 'abc':Varchar) }
+              │                 └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.p, t2.p, t2.d, t2.d, t2._row_id, t2.c], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.p, t2.d) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.p, t2.d, t2._row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t2.c = 'abc':Varchar) }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.p, t2.d, t2._row_id, t2.c], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
index d7574abed7b29..e671f7412c661 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
@@ -232,13 +232,20 @@ impl LogicalScan {
             return (self.core.clone(), Condition::true_cond(), None);
         }
 
-        let mut mapping = ColIndexMapping::with_target_size(
-            self.required_col_idx().iter().map(|i| Some(*i)).collect(),
-            self.table_desc().columns.len(),
-        )
-        .inverse()
-        .expect("must be invertible");
-        predicate = predicate.rewrite_expr(&mut mapping);
+        let mut inverse_mapping = {
+            let mapping = ColIndexMapping::with_target_size(
+                self.required_col_idx().iter().map(|i| Some(*i)).collect(),
+                self.table_desc().columns.len(),
+            );
+            // Since `required_col_idx` mapping is not invertible, we need to inverse manually.
+            let mut inverse_map = vec![None; mapping.target_size()];
+            for (src, dst) in mapping.mapping_pairs() {
+                inverse_map[dst] = Some(src);
+            }
+            ColIndexMapping::with_target_size(inverse_map, mapping.source_size())
+        };
+
+        predicate = predicate.rewrite_expr(&mut inverse_mapping);
 
         let scan_without_predicate = generic::Scan::new(
             self.table_name().to_string(),

From 827ed5ef587a7b11daed2d9e351e45681ff3de49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 17:31:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 061/430] refactor(connector): migrate cdc source metric from
 connector to compute (#12283)

---
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |  8 ++++++++
 src/connector/src/source/monitor/metrics.rs   | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index f85367d32e5bf..d4b20a86d7a2e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -131,6 +131,9 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
             snapshot_done: self.snapshot_done,
         };
 
+        let source_id = get_event_stream_request.source_id.to_string();
+        let source_type = get_event_stream_request.source_type.to_string();
+
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
             let mut env = JVM
                 .as_ref()
@@ -163,6 +166,11 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
 
         while let Some(GetEventStreamResponse { events, .. }) = rx.recv().await {
             tracing::debug!("receive events {:?}", events.len());
+            self.source_ctx
+                .metrics
+                .connector_source_rows_received
+                .with_label_values(&[&source_type, &source_id])
+                .inc_by(events.len() as u64);
             let msgs = events.into_iter().map(SourceMessage::from).collect_vec();
             yield msgs;
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/monitor/metrics.rs b/src/connector/src/source/monitor/metrics.rs
index c6ea9998e55e4..fa3e836993c4f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/monitor/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/monitor/metrics.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ pub struct SourceMetrics {
     /// Report latest message id
     pub latest_message_id: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub rdkafka_native_metric: Arc<RdKafkaStats>,
+
+    pub connector_source_rows_received: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 }
 
 pub static GLOBAL_SOURCE_METRICS: LazyLock<SourceMetrics> =
@@ -103,6 +105,15 @@ impl SourceMetrics {
             registry,
         )
         .unwrap();
+
+        let connector_source_rows_received = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "connector_source_rows_received",
+            "Number of rows received by source",
+            &["source_type", "source_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let rdkafka_native_metric = Arc::new(RdKafkaStats::new(registry.clone()));
         SourceMetrics {
             partition_input_count,
@@ -110,6 +121,7 @@ impl SourceMetrics {
             user_source_error_count,
             latest_message_id,
             rdkafka_native_metric,
+            connector_source_rows_received,
         }
     }
 }

From 0e72056bfb36271b89c48b58c8f6bd1c6b2ea369 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 18:42:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 062/430] refactor(jdbc-sink): execute statements in batch and
 set isolation level to RC (#12250)

---
 .../connector/sink/jdbc/JDBCSinkTest.java     | 73 +++++++++-------
 .../com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java    | 86 ++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/jdbc/JDBCSinkTest.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/jdbc/JDBCSinkTest.java
index f38cd83b10e7c..da9b9d866583b 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/jdbc/JDBCSinkTest.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/sink/jdbc/JDBCSinkTest.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static TableSchema getTestTableSchema() {
 
     static void testJDBCSync(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
             throws SQLException {
-        String tableName = "test";
+        String tableName = "test2";
         createMockTable(container.getJdbcUrl(), tableName, testType);
         JDBCSink sink =
                 new JDBCSink(
@@ -97,12 +97,13 @@ static void testJDBCSync(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
         sink.sync();
 
         Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
-        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM test");
-        int count;
-        for (count = 0; rs.next(); ) {
-            count++;
+        try (var rs = stmt.executeQuery(String.format("SELECT * FROM %s", tableName))) {
+            int count;
+            for (count = 0; rs.next(); ) {
+                count++;
+            }
+            assertEquals(1, count);
         }
-        assertEquals(1, count);
 
         sink.write(
                 Iterators.forArray(
@@ -116,12 +117,14 @@ static void testJDBCSync(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
                                 "{\"key\": \"password\", \"value\": \"Singularity123\"}",
                                 "I want to sleep".getBytes())));
         sink.sync();
-        stmt = conn.createStatement();
-        rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM test");
-        for (count = 0; rs.next(); ) {
-            count++;
+        try (var rs = stmt.executeQuery(String.format("SELECT * FROM %s", tableName))) {
+            int count;
+            for (count = 0; rs.next(); ) {
+                count++;
+            }
+            assertEquals(2, count);
         }
-        assertEquals(2, count);
+        stmt.close();
 
         sink.sync();
         sink.drop();
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ static void testJDBCSync(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
 
     static void testJDBCWrite(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
             throws SQLException {
-        String tableName = "test";
+        String tableName = "test1";
         createMockTable(container.getJdbcUrl(), tableName, testType);
 
         JDBCSink sink =
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ static void testJDBCWrite(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
                         getTestTableSchema());
         assertEquals(tableName, sink.getTableName());
         Connection conn = sink.getConn();
+        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
 
         sink.write(
                 Iterators.forArray(
@@ -158,7 +162,16 @@ static void testJDBCWrite(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
                                 new Time(1000000000),
                                 new Timestamp(1000000000),
                                 "{\"key\": \"password\", \"value\": \"Singularity123\"}",
-                                "I want to sleep".getBytes()),
+                                "I want to sleep".getBytes())));
+
+        // chunk will commit after sink.write()
+        try (var rs = stmt.executeQuery(String.format("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM %s", tableName))) {
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt(1));
+        }
+
+        sink.write(
+                Iterators.forArray(
                         new ArraySinkRow(
                                 Op.UPDATE_DELETE,
                                 1,
@@ -186,22 +199,22 @@ static void testJDBCWrite(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
                                 new Timestamp(1000000000),
                                 "{\"key\": \"password\", \"value\": \"Singularity123\"}",
                                 "I want to sleep".getBytes())));
-        sink.sync();
 
-        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
-        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM test");
-        rs.next();
+        try (var rs = stmt.executeQuery(String.format("SELECT * FROM %s", tableName))) {
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
 
-        // check if rows are inserted
-        assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
-        assertEquals("Clare", rs.getString(2));
-        assertEquals(new Date(2000000000).toString(), rs.getDate(3).toString());
-        assertEquals(new Time(2000000000).toString(), rs.getTime(4).toString());
-        assertEquals(new Timestamp(2000000000), rs.getTimestamp(5));
-        assertEquals(
-                "{\"key\": \"password\", \"value\": \"Singularity123123123123\"}", rs.getString(6));
-        assertEquals("I want to eat", new String(rs.getBytes(7)));
-        assertFalse(rs.next());
+            // check if rows are inserted
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            assertEquals("Clare", rs.getString(2));
+            assertEquals(new Date(2000000000).toString(), rs.getDate(3).toString());
+            assertEquals(new Time(2000000000).toString(), rs.getTime(4).toString());
+            assertEquals(new Timestamp(2000000000), rs.getTimestamp(5));
+            assertEquals(
+                    "{\"key\": \"password\", \"value\": \"Singularity123123123123\"}",
+                    rs.getString(6));
+            assertEquals("I want to eat", new String(rs.getBytes(7)));
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+        }
 
         sink.sync();
         stmt.close();
@@ -209,7 +222,7 @@ static void testJDBCWrite(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
 
     static void testJDBCDrop(JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> container, TestType testType)
             throws SQLException {
-        String tableName = "test";
+        String tableName = "test3";
         createMockTable(container.getJdbcUrl(), tableName, testType);
 
         JDBCSink sink =
@@ -237,8 +250,8 @@ public void testPostgres() throws SQLException {
                         .withUrlParam("user", "postgres")
                         .withUrlParam("password", "password");
         pg.start();
-        testJDBCSync(pg, TestType.TestPg);
         testJDBCWrite(pg, TestType.TestPg);
+        testJDBCSync(pg, TestType.TestPg);
         testJDBCDrop(pg, TestType.TestPg);
         pg.stop();
     }
@@ -254,8 +267,8 @@ public void testMySQL() throws SQLException {
                         .withUrlParam("user", "postgres")
                         .withUrlParam("password", "password");
         mysql.start();
-        testJDBCSync(mysql, TestType.TestMySQL);
         testJDBCWrite(mysql, TestType.TestMySQL);
+        testJDBCSync(mysql, TestType.TestMySQL);
         testJDBCDrop(mysql, TestType.TestMySQL);
         mysql.stop();
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
index 216503b8d824b..fe23c7db5d846 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
 import com.risingwave.proto.Data;
 import io.grpc.Status;
 import java.sql.*;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
+import java.util.*;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@ public class JDBCSink extends SinkWriterBase {
     private PreparedStatement deletePreparedStmt;
 
     private boolean updateFlag = false;
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JDBCSink.class);
 
     public JDBCSink(JDBCSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
@@ -59,9 +58,17 @@ public JDBCSink(JDBCSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
         this.config = config;
         try {
             this.conn = DriverManager.getConnection(config.getJdbcUrl());
-            this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);
             this.pkColumnNames =
                     getPkColumnNames(conn, config.getTableName(), config.getSchemaName());
+            // disable auto commit can improve performance
+            this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+            // explicitly set isolation level to RC
+            this.conn.setTransactionIsolation(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED);
+
+            LOG.info(
+                    "JDBC connection: autoCommit = {}, trxn = {}",
+                    conn.getAutoCommit(),
+                    conn.getTransactionIsolation());
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw Status.INTERNAL
                     .withDescription(
@@ -133,6 +140,7 @@ private PreparedStatement prepareInsertStatement(SinkRow row) {
         try {
             var preparedStmt = insertPreparedStmt;
             jdbcDialect.bindInsertIntoStatement(preparedStmt, conn, getTableSchema(), row);
+            preparedStmt.addBatch();
             return preparedStmt;
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
@@ -149,7 +157,7 @@ private PreparedStatement prepareUpsertStatement(SinkRow row) {
             switch (row.getOp()) {
                 case INSERT:
                     jdbcDialect.bindUpsertStatement(preparedStmt, conn, getTableSchema(), row);
-                    return preparedStmt;
+                    break;
                 case UPDATE_INSERT:
                     if (!updateFlag) {
                         throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -158,12 +166,14 @@ private PreparedStatement prepareUpsertStatement(SinkRow row) {
                     }
                     jdbcDialect.bindUpsertStatement(preparedStmt, conn, getTableSchema(), row);
                     updateFlag = false;
-                    return preparedStmt;
+                    break;
                 default:
                     throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
                             .withDescription("unexpected op type: " + row.getOp())
                             .asRuntimeException();
             }
+            preparedStmt.addBatch();
+            return preparedStmt;
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
                     .withDescription(
@@ -192,6 +202,7 @@ private PreparedStatement prepareDeleteStatement(SinkRow row) {
                 Object fromRow = getTableSchema().getFromRow(primaryKey, row);
                 deletePreparedStmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, fromRow);
             }
+            deletePreparedStmt.addBatch();
             return deletePreparedStmt;
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw Status.INTERNAL
@@ -203,48 +214,53 @@ private PreparedStatement prepareDeleteStatement(SinkRow row) {
 
     @Override
     public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
+        PreparedStatement deleteStatement = null;
+        PreparedStatement upsertStatement = null;
+        PreparedStatement insertStatement = null;
+
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
             try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                PreparedStatement stmt;
                 if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.UPDATE_DELETE) {
                     updateFlag = true;
                     continue;
                 }
-
                 if (config.isUpsertSink()) {
-                    stmt = prepareForUpsert(row);
+                    if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.DELETE) {
+                        deleteStatement = prepareDeleteStatement(row);
+                    } else {
+                        upsertStatement = prepareUpsertStatement(row);
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    stmt = prepareForAppendOnly(row);
-                }
-
-                try {
-                    LOG.debug("Executing statement: {}", stmt);
-                    stmt.executeUpdate();
-                    stmt.clearParameters();
-                } catch (SQLException e) {
-                    throw Status.INTERNAL
-                            .withDescription(
-                                    String.format(ERROR_REPORT_TEMPLATE, stmt, e.getMessage()))
-                            .asRuntimeException();
+                    insertStatement = prepareInsertStatement(row);
                 }
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 throw new RuntimeException(e);
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    private PreparedStatement prepareForUpsert(SinkRow row) {
-        PreparedStatement stmt;
-        if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.DELETE) {
-            stmt = prepareDeleteStatement(row);
-        } else {
-            stmt = prepareUpsertStatement(row);
+        try {
+            // Execute staging statements after all rows are prepared.
+            // We execute DELETE statement before to avoid accidentally deletion.
+            executeStatement(deleteStatement);
+            executeStatement(upsertStatement);
+            executeStatement(insertStatement);
+
+            conn.commit();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription(
+                            String.format(ERROR_REPORT_TEMPLATE, e.getSQLState(), e.getMessage()))
+                    .asRuntimeException();
         }
-        return stmt;
     }
 
-    private PreparedStatement prepareForAppendOnly(SinkRow row) {
-        return prepareInsertStatement(row);
+    private void executeStatement(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException {
+        if (stmt == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        LOG.debug("Executing statement: {}", stmt);
+        stmt.executeBatch();
+        stmt.clearParameters();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -255,14 +271,6 @@ public void sync() {
                             "expected UPDATE_INSERT to complete an UPDATE operation, got `sync`")
                     .asRuntimeException();
         }
-        try {
-            conn.commit();
-        } catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription(
-                            String.format(ERROR_REPORT_TEMPLATE, e.getSQLState(), e.getMessage()))
-                    .asRuntimeException();
-        }
     }
 
     @Override

From a740364d9eff5a3a20fdd6698562ed85f08b1339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huangjw <1223644280@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 19:11:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 063/430] chore(ci): install locales in prebuilt image (#12311)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 ci/Dockerfile              |  4 ++--
 ci/build-ci-image.sh       |  2 +-
 ci/docker-compose.yml      | 10 +++++-----
 ci/scripts/regress-test.sh |  2 --
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/Dockerfile b/ci/Dockerfile
index ec7607f0d62ba..4b0663bc7f529 100644
--- a/ci/Dockerfile
+++ b/ci/Dockerfile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ RUN sed -i 's|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubun
 RUN apt-get update -yy && \
     DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install make build-essential cmake protobuf-compiler curl parallel python3 python3-pip \
     openssl libssl-dev libsasl2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev pkg-config bash openjdk-11-jdk wget unzip git tmux lld postgresql-client kafkacat netcat mysql-client \
-    maven zstd libzstd-dev -yy \
+    maven zstd libzstd-dev locales -yy \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/{apt,dpkg,cache,log}/
 
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ RUN curl -L --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ca
 RUN cargo binstall -y --no-symlinks cargo-llvm-cov cargo-nextest cargo-hakari cargo-sort cargo-cache cargo-audit \
     cargo-make@0.36.10 \
     sqllogictest-bin@0.15.3 \
-    && cargo install sccache --locked \
+    && cargo install sccache \
     && cargo cache -a \
     && rm -rf "/root/.cargo/registry/index" \
     && rm -rf "/root/.cargo/registry/cache" \
diff --git a/ci/build-ci-image.sh b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
index 299b5d91878fe..078fd419bd541 100755
--- a/ci/build-ci-image.sh
+++ b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cat ../rust-toolchain
 # !!! CHANGE THIS WHEN YOU WANT TO BUMP CI IMAGE !!! #
 #          AND ALSO docker-compose.yml               #
 ######################################################
-export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20230909
+export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20230914
 
 export BUILD_TAG="public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:${BUILD_ENV_VERSION}"
 
diff --git a/ci/docker-compose.yml b/ci/docker-compose.yml
index d0cdbe4af816a..4f5da42df5405 100644
--- a/ci/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/ci/docker-compose.yml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ services:
       retries: 5
 
   source-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230909
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   sink-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230909
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   rw-build-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230909
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
     volumes:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   ci-flamegraph-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230909
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
     # NOTE(kwannoel): This is used in order to permit
     # syscalls for `nperf` (perf_event_open),
     # so it can do CPU profiling.
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   regress-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230909
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
     depends_on:
       db:
         condition: service_healthy
diff --git a/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh b/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
index aa1ba7836dc57..aa5912e591df8 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/regress-test.sh
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ mv target/debug/risingwave_regress_test-"$profile" target/debug/risingwave_regre
 chmod +x ./target/debug/risingwave_regress_test
 
 echo "--- Postgres regress test"
-apt-get -y update
-apt-get -y install locales
 locale-gen C
 export LANGUAGE=C
 export LANG=C

From 5aa5a47000e3907f242bd676048417a74cc5ee17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 21:02:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 064/430] feat(meta): add hummock version relevant tables to
 rw_catalog (#12309)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           | 14 ++++
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs         |  4 +
 .../catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs  |  6 ++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_branched_objects.rs | 48 ++++++++++++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs          | 74 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version_deltas.rs   | 57 ++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs               | 35 ++++++++-
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs                | 20 ++++-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs    |  6 ++
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs   | 23 ++++++
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  7 ++
 11 files changed, 292 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_branched_objects.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version_deltas.rs

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index b0a5152821009..fd16e32457ec5 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -627,6 +627,12 @@ message RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse {
   repeated CompactTaskProgress task_progress = 3;
 }
 
+message ListBranchedObjectRequest {}
+
+message ListBranchedObjectResponse {
+  repeated BranchedObject branched_objects = 1;
+}
+
 service HummockManagerService {
   rpc UnpinVersionBefore(UnpinVersionBeforeRequest) returns (UnpinVersionBeforeResponse);
   rpc GetCurrentVersion(GetCurrentVersionRequest) returns (GetCurrentVersionResponse);
@@ -657,6 +663,7 @@ service HummockManagerService {
   rpc SplitCompactionGroup(SplitCompactionGroupRequest) returns (SplitCompactionGroupResponse);
   rpc RiseCtlListCompactionStatus(RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest) returns (RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse);
   rpc SubscribeCompactionEvent(stream SubscribeCompactionEventRequest) returns (stream SubscribeCompactionEventResponse);
+  rpc ListBranchedObject(ListBranchedObjectRequest) returns (ListBranchedObjectResponse);
 }
 
 message CompactionConfig {
@@ -708,3 +715,10 @@ message WriteLimits {
   // < compaction group id, write limit info >
   map<uint64, WriteLimit> write_limits = 1;
 }
+
+message BranchedObject {
+  uint64 object_id = 1;
+  uint64 sst_id = 2;
+  // Compaction group id the SST belongs to.
+  uint64 compaction_group_id = 3;
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
index 2793351a8e532..59685698ddc99 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -405,6 +405,10 @@ prepare_sys_catalog! {
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_TYPES), read_rw_types },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_VERSIONS), read_hummock_pinned_versions await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_SNAPSHOTS), read_hummock_pinned_snapshots await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_CURRENT_VERSION), read_hummock_current_version await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION), read_hummock_checkpoint_version await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_VERSION_DELTAS), read_hummock_version_deltas await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_BRANCHED_OBJECTS), read_hummock_branched_objects await },
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
index 4c5b79cd1de55..58beecbb528a6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ mod rw_databases;
 mod rw_ddl_progress;
 mod rw_fragments;
 mod rw_functions;
+mod rw_hummock_branched_objects;
 mod rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots;
 mod rw_hummock_pinned_versions;
+mod rw_hummock_version;
+mod rw_hummock_version_deltas;
 mod rw_indexes;
 mod rw_materialized_views;
 mod rw_meta_snapshot;
@@ -47,8 +50,11 @@ pub use rw_databases::*;
 pub use rw_ddl_progress::*;
 pub use rw_fragments::*;
 pub use rw_functions::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_branched_objects::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_pinned_versions::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_version::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_version_deltas::*;
 pub use rw_indexes::*;
 pub use rw_materialized_views::*;
 pub use rw_meta_snapshot::*;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_branched_objects.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_branched_objects.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5e9ad57107690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_branched_objects.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_BRANCHED_OBJECTS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_branched_objects",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "object_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "sst_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "compaction_group_id"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_branched_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let branched_objects = self.meta_client.list_branched_objects().await?;
+        let rows = branched_objects
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|o| {
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(o.object_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(o.sst_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(o.compaction_group_id as _)),
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(rows)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..550636a6c9c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_CURRENT_VERSION: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_current_version",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "version_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "max_committed_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "safe_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "compaction_group"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[],
+};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_checkpoint_version",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "version_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "max_committed_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "safe_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "compaction_group"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_current_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_current_version().await?;
+        Ok(version_to_rows(&version))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn read_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_checkpoint_version().await?;
+        Ok(version_to_rows(&version))
+    }
+}
+
+fn version_to_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
+    version
+        .levels
+        .values()
+        .map(|cg| {
+            OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.id as _)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.max_committed_epoch as _)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.safe_epoch as _)),
+                // FIXME #8612: The byte array key_range is encoded to a string by serde_json. We need disable this behavior as it makes it harder to understand the key range.
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(cg).into())),
+            ])
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version_deltas.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version_deltas.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..059fa5d7d47da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version_deltas.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_VERSION_DELTAS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_version_deltas",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "prev_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "max_committed_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "safe_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Boolean, "trivial_move"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "gc_object_ids"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "group_deltas"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[0],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_version_deltas(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let deltas = self.meta_client.list_version_deltas().await?;
+        let rows = deltas
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|d| {
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(d.id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(d.prev_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(d.max_committed_epoch as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(d.safe_epoch as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(d.trivial_move)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(d.gc_object_ids).into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(d.group_deltas).into())),
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(rows)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
index 670cc483a905a..c45cf12377269 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
 use risingwave_pb::backup_service::MetaSnapshotMetadata;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::DdlProgress;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockSnapshot;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
+    BranchedObject, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::PbJobs;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_actor_states_response::ActorState;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_fragment_distribution_response::FragmentDistribution;
@@ -76,6 +78,14 @@ pub trait FrontendMetaClient: Send + Sync {
 
     /// Returns vector of (worker_id, min_pinned_snapshot_id)
     async fn list_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> Result<Vec<(u32, u64)>>;
+
+    async fn get_hummock_current_version(&self) -> Result<HummockVersion>;
+
+    async fn get_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> Result<HummockVersion>;
+
+    async fn list_version_deltas(&self) -> Result<Vec<HummockVersionDelta>>;
+
+    async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>>;
 }
 
 pub struct FrontendMetaClientImpl(pub MetaClient);
@@ -181,4 +191,27 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for FrontendMetaClientImpl {
             .collect();
         Ok(ret)
     }
+
+    async fn get_hummock_current_version(&self) -> Result<HummockVersion> {
+        self.0.get_current_version().await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> Result<HummockVersion> {
+        self.0
+            .risectl_get_checkpoint_hummock_version()
+            .await
+            .map(|v| v.checkpoint_version.unwrap())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_version_deltas(&self) -> Result<Vec<HummockVersionDelta>> {
+        // FIXME #8612: there can be lots of version deltas, so better to fetch them by pages and refactor `SysRowSeqScanExecutor` to yield multiple chunks.
+        self.0
+            .list_version_deltas(0, u32::MAX, u64::MAX)
+            .await
+            .map(|v| v.version_deltas)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
+        self.0.list_branched_object().await
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index 1907c243bd05d..abdfa90c064b2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView, Table,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress};
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockSnapshot;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
+    BranchedObject, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::PbJobs;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_actor_states_response::ActorState;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_fragment_distribution_response::FragmentDistribution;
@@ -832,6 +834,22 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for MockFrontendMetaClient {
     async fn list_hummock_pinned_snapshots(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<(u32, u64)>> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
+
+    async fn get_hummock_current_version(&self) -> RpcResult<HummockVersion> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn get_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> RpcResult<HummockVersion> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn list_version_deltas(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<HummockVersionDelta>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
index 09a331fa3d9f5..1e939513bbf3d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
@@ -271,6 +271,12 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
         guard.write_limit.clone()
     }
+
+    #[named]
+    pub async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> BTreeMap<HummockSstableObjectId, BranchedSstInfo> {
+        let guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
+        guard.branched_ssts.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Calculates write limits for `target_groups`.
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
index 58310cc6eb110..a8419da6e2077 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
@@ -513,4 +513,27 @@ impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
 
         Ok(Response::new(RwReceiverStream::new(rx)))
     }
+
+    async fn list_branched_object(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ListBranchedObjectRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ListBranchedObjectResponse>, Status> {
+        let branched_objects = self
+            .hummock_manager
+            .list_branched_objects()
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(object_id, v)| {
+                v.into_iter()
+                    .map(move |(compaction_group_id, sst_id)| BranchedObject {
+                        object_id,
+                        sst_id,
+                        compaction_group_id,
+                    })
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(Response::new(ListBranchedObjectResponse {
+            branched_objects,
+        }))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index a6a8b1d5baff4..e4b837ba517f0 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -1044,6 +1044,12 @@ impl MetaClient {
         ))
     }
 
+    pub async fn list_branched_object(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
+        let req = ListBranchedObjectRequest {};
+        let resp = self.inner.list_branched_object(req).await?;
+        Ok(resp.branched_objects)
+    }
+
     pub async fn delete_worker_node(&self, worker: HostAddress) -> Result<()> {
         let _resp = self
             .inner
@@ -1709,6 +1715,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_meta_rpc {
             ,{ hummock_client, split_compaction_group, SplitCompactionGroupRequest, SplitCompactionGroupResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_list_compaction_status, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, subscribe_compaction_event, impl tonic::IntoStreamingRequest<Message = SubscribeCompactionEventRequest>, Streaming<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse> }
+            ,{ hummock_client, list_branched_object, ListBranchedObjectRequest, ListBranchedObjectResponse }
             ,{ user_client, create_user, CreateUserRequest, CreateUserResponse }
             ,{ user_client, update_user, UpdateUserRequest, UpdateUserResponse }
             ,{ user_client, drop_user, DropUserRequest, DropUserResponse }

From 28bbf1042cc606357c9a06fe4be6e600ecc91501 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:40:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 065/430] fix(ci): exclude tikv-jemalloc-sys in hakari check
 (#12320)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 .config/hakari.toml           | 2 ++
 Cargo.lock                    | 1 -
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml | 2 --
 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index 9cdfbb3b0c07f..e998f5fea2fbe 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -35,4 +35,6 @@ third-party = [
     { name = "criterion" },
     { name = "console" },
     { name = "similar" },
+    # FYI: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12315
+    { name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys", git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" },
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index faec2fdfb3aa8..8a882bd21a360 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10104,7 +10104,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
- "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index c84d4dcb26edf..a539527690fce 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
@@ -196,7 +195,6 @@ smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "unio
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }

From a566cfe698af6a6b869a63eb53da2ea8b5c32d87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 12:58:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 066/430] feat(expr): add `array_sum` (#12162)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part  | 46 +++++++++++
 proto/expr.proto                             |  1 +
 src/expr/src/sig/func.rs                     |  3 +
 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs          | 84 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs                |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs     |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs | 15 ++++
 8 files changed, 152 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7fc81e2105b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+query I
+select array_sum(array[1, 2, 3]);
+----
+6
+
+# Testing for int16 with positive numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[10, 20, 30]);
+----
+60
+
+# Testing for int16 with a mix of positive and negative numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[-10, 20, -30]);
+----
+-20
+
+# Testing for int16 with all zeros
+query I
+select array_sum(array[0, 0, 0]);
+----
+0
+
+# Testing for int32 with larger positive numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[1000, 2000, 3000]);
+----
+6000
+
+# Testing for int32 with a mix of larger positive and negative numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[-1000, 2000, -3000]);
+----
+-2000
+
+# Testing for int64 with much larger numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[1000000000, 2000000000, 3000000000]);
+----
+6000000000
+
+# Testing for int64 with a mix of much larger positive and negative numbers
+query I
+select array_sum(array[-1000000000, 2000000000, -3000000000]);
+----
+-2000000000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index e81036f92190d..a0e655aaee0f7 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ message ExprNode {
     ARRAY_TRANSFORM = 545;
     ARRAY_MIN = 546;
     ARRAY_MAX = 547;
+    ARRAY_SUM = 548;
     ARRAY_SORT = 549;
 
     // Int256 functions
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
index afacf43aee6b0..6e665ead3fc40 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
@@ -206,6 +206,9 @@ mod tests {
                 ArrayMax: [
                     "array_max(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
                 ],
+                ArraySum: [
+                    "array_sum(list) -> interval/decimal/float64/float32/int64",
+                ],
             }
         "#]];
         expected.assert_debug_eq(&duplicated);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..45a0ae53a6ec7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ListRef};
+use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Decimal, Scalar, ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+
+/// `array_sum(int16`[]) -> int64
+/// `array_sum(int32`[]) -> int64
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> int64")]
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> float32")]
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> float64")]
+/// `array_sum(int64`[]) -> decimal
+/// `array_sum(decimal`[]) -> decimal
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> decimal")]
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> interval")]
+fn array_sum<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>>
+where
+    T: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>, Error = ArrayError> + CheckedAdd<Output = T>,
+{
+    let flag = match list.iter().flatten().next() {
+        Some(v) => match v {
+            ScalarRefImpl::Int16(_) | ScalarRefImpl::Int32(_) => 1,
+            ScalarRefImpl::Int64(_) => 2,
+            _ => 0,
+        },
+        None => return Ok(None),
+    };
+
+    if flag != 0 {
+        match flag {
+            1 => {
+                let mut sum = 0;
+                for e in list.iter().flatten() {
+                    sum = sum
+                        .checked_add(match e {
+                            ScalarRefImpl::Int16(v) => v as i64,
+                            ScalarRefImpl::Int32(v) => v as i64,
+                            _ => panic!("Expect ScalarRefImpl::Int16 or ScalarRefImpl::Int32"),
+                        })
+                        .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
+                }
+                Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::from(sum).try_into()?))
+            }
+            2 => {
+                let mut sum = Decimal::Normalized(0.into());
+                for e in list.iter().flatten() {
+                    sum = sum
+                        .checked_add(match e {
+                            ScalarRefImpl::Int64(v) => Decimal::Normalized(v.into()),
+                            ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(v) => v,
+                            // FIXME: We can't panic here due to the macro expansion
+                            _ => Decimal::Normalized(0.into()),
+                        })
+                        .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
+                }
+                Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::from(sum).try_into()?))
+            }
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    } else {
+        let mut sum = T::default();
+        for e in list.iter().flatten() {
+            let v = e.try_into()?;
+            sum = sum
+                .checked_add(v)
+                .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
+        }
+        Ok(Some(sum))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
index acad4f8e71686..7125ca33ec3de 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ pub mod array_range_access;
 pub mod array_remove;
 pub mod array_replace;
 pub mod array_sort;
+pub mod array_sum;
 pub mod array_to_string;
 pub mod ascii;
 pub mod bitwise_op;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 9cb17c5e39250..c3bdf1febcccb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 ("array_remove", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayRemove)),
                 ("array_replace", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayReplace)),
                 ("array_max", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayMax)),
+                ("array_sum", raw_call(ExprType::ArraySum)),
                 ("array_position", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayPosition)),
                 ("array_positions", raw_call(ExprType::ArrayPositions)),
                 ("trim_array", raw_call(ExprType::TrimArray)),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 3c48aa6561821..cea3b9eb46bc2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayToString
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayCat
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayMax
+            | expr_node::Type::ArraySum
             | expr_node::Type::ArraySort
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayAppend
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayPrepend
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index d8e3d17c54653..f359b3bcea642 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -578,6 +578,21 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
 
             Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone()))
         }
+        ExprType::ArraySum => {
+            ensure_arity!("array_sum", | inputs | == 1);
+            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
+
+            let return_type = match inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone() {
+                DataType::Int16 | DataType::Int32 => DataType::Int64,
+                DataType::Int64 | DataType::Decimal => DataType::Decimal,
+                DataType::Float32 => DataType::Float32,
+                DataType::Float64 => DataType::Float64,
+                DataType::Interval => DataType::Interval,
+                _ => return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidParameterValue("".to_string()).into()),
+            };
+
+            Ok(Some(return_type))
+        }
         ExprType::StringToArray => {
             ensure_arity!("string_to_array", 2 <= | inputs | <= 3);
 

From 41ebb2ad72c8432bae643daed980c818344b1df8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 22:02:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 067/430] fix(regexp): substraction overflow when incorrectly
 speicifying `start` (#12325)

---
 src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
index fef488b23afb0..9cf713551cff4 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ fn regexp_count_start0(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
 fn regexp_count(text: &str, start: i32, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
     // First get the start position to count for
     let start = match start {
-        ..0 => {
+        ..=0 => {
             return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
                 name: "start",
                 reason: start.to_string().into(),
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ fn regexp_replace(
 ) -> Result<Box<str>> {
     // The start position to begin the search
     let start = match start {
-        ..0 => {
+        ..=0 => {
             return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
                 name: "start",
                 reason: start.to_string().into(),

From 214118baea97103207dfcd6e134a1e8fe63c31ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 10:03:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 068/430] chore(deps): Bump serde_json from 1.0.106 to 1.0.107
 (#12322)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                      | 4 ++--
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 8a882bd21a360..bd4277aa05617 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8118,9 +8118,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.106"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2cc66a619ed80bf7a0f6b17dd063a84b88f6dea1813737cf469aef1d081142c2"
+checksum = "6b420ce6e3d8bd882e9b243c6eed35dbc9a6110c9769e74b584e0d68d1f20c65"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 0e7b4e0d8be8f..82992b8b04c2a 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlsmith = { workspace = true }
 serde = "1.0.188"
 serde_derive = "1.0.188"
-serde_json = "1.0.106"
+serde_json = "1.0.107"
 sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
 tempfile = "3"
 tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }

From 43c010ee16c1cc6a05c1b085b0abd1c77f1685ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 11:59:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 069/430] chore: fix comment and metrics (#12331)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs | 10 +++++++++-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs            |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
index a25461a9f8a1e..f0685724a4da0 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ pub struct CacheRefillMetrics {
 
     pub data_refill_filtered_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
     pub data_refill_attempts_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub data_refill_started_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
     pub meta_refill_attempts_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
 
     pub refill_queue_total: IntGauge,
@@ -83,6 +84,9 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
         let data_refill_attempts_total = refill_total
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "attempts"])
             .unwrap();
+        let data_refill_started_total = refill_total
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "started"])
+            .unwrap();
         let meta_refill_attempts_total = refill_total
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&["meta", "attempts"])
             .unwrap();
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
             meta_refill_success_duration,
             data_refill_filtered_total,
             data_refill_attempts_total,
+            data_refill_started_total,
             meta_refill_attempts_total,
             refill_queue_total,
         }
@@ -290,9 +295,12 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
         let mut tasks = vec![];
         for sst_info in &holders {
             let task = async move {
+                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_attempts_total.inc();
+
                 let permit = context.concurrency.acquire().await.unwrap();
 
-                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_attempts_total.inc();
+                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_started_total.inc();
+
                 match context
                     .sstable_store
                     .fill_data_file_cache(sst_info.value())
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
index e79779bd46d78..70b4fc6b64f36 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ impl BlockMeta {
     /// Format:
     ///
     /// ```plain
-    /// | offset (4B) | len (4B) | smallest key len (4B) | smallest key |
+    /// | offset (4B) | len (4B) | uncompressed size (4B) | smallest key len (4B) | smallest key |
     /// ```
     pub fn encode(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) {
         buf.put_u32_le(self.offset);

From a99e6f3eb346176f34d27f309c2108b767b4ed8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 13:58:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 070/430] fix(stream): fix pk indices of GroupTopN executors
 (#12304)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../streaming/group_top_n/group_top_1.slt     | 45 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../main1.slt}                                |  0
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs  | 14 ++++--
 .../executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs  | 11 +++--
 src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs      |  5 ++-
 5 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/group_top_1.slt
 rename e2e_test/streaming/{group_top_n.slt => group_top_n/main1.slt} (100%)

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/group_top_1.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/group_top_1.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2bed792a4ae82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/group_top_1.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+# https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12282
+
+statement ok
+create table t(a int, b int, c int);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv as SELECT * FROM (
+    SELECT
+        *,
+        row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b) AS rank
+        FROM t
+) WHERE rank <= 1;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1, 1, 1);
+
+query iiiI
+select * from mv;
+----
+1  1  1  1
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1, 0, 1);
+
+query iiiI
+select * from mv;
+----
+1  0  1  1
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1, 0, 1);
+
+query iiiI
+select * from mv;
+----
+1  0  1  1
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/main1.slt
similarity index 100%
rename from e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n.slt
rename to e2e_test/streaming/group_top_n/main1.slt
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
index 421b1141843a0..7e075002b99cb 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> GroupTopNExecutor<K, S, W
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
         let info = input.info();
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> GroupTopNExecutor<K, S, W
                 state_table,
                 watermark_epoch,
                 ctx,
+                pk_indices,
             )?,
         })
     }
@@ -109,9 +111,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerGroupTopNExecutor<K,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
         let ExecutorInfo {
-            pk_indices, schema, ..
+            schema: input_schema,
+            ..
         } = input_info;
 
         let metrics_info = MetricsInfo::new(
@@ -121,12 +125,13 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerGroupTopNExecutor<K,
             "GroupTopN",
         );
 
-        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &schema, &order_by, &group_by);
+        let cache_key_serde =
+            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &input_schema, &order_by, &group_by);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
             info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema,
+                schema: input_schema,
                 pk_indices,
                 identity: format!("GroupTopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
             },
@@ -408,6 +413,7 @@ mod tests {
             vec![1],
             state_table,
             Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            pk_indices(),
         )
         .unwrap();
         let top_n_executor = Box::new(a);
@@ -505,6 +511,7 @@ mod tests {
                 vec![1],
                 state_table,
                 Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+                pk_indices(),
             )
             .unwrap(),
         );
@@ -595,6 +602,7 @@ mod tests {
                 vec![1, 2],
                 state_table,
                 Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+                pk_indices(),
             )
             .unwrap(),
         );
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
index ceb4a3bca4d40..8df8ee17768c5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
         let info = input.info();
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
                 state_table,
                 watermark_epoch,
                 ctx,
+                pk_indices,
             )?,
         })
     }
@@ -129,9 +131,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
         let ExecutorInfo {
-            pk_indices, schema, ..
+            schema: input_schema,
+            ..
         } = input_info;
 
         let metrics_info = MetricsInfo::new(
@@ -141,12 +145,13 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
             "GroupTopN",
         );
 
-        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &schema, &order_by, &group_by);
+        let cache_key_serde =
+            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &input_schema, &order_by, &group_by);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
             info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema,
+                schema: input_schema,
                 pk_indices,
                 identity: format!("AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
             },
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
index 9f74134308daa..a91d4a91a6ef0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::GroupTopNNode;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
-use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor, GroupTopNExecutor};
+use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor, GroupTopNExecutor, PkIndices};
 use crate::task::AtomicU64Ref;
 
 pub struct GroupTopNExecutorBuilder<const APPEND_ONLY: bool>;
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ impl<const APPEND_ONLY: bool> ExecutorBuilder for GroupTopNExecutorBuilder<APPEN
             state_table,
             watermark_epoch: stream.get_watermark_epoch(),
             group_key_types,
+            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
 
             with_ties: node.with_ties,
             append_only: APPEND_ONLY,
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ struct GroupTopNExecutorDispatcherArgs<S: StateStore> {
     state_table: StateTable<S>,
     watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
     group_key_types: Vec<DataType>,
+    pk_indices: PkIndices,
 
     with_ties: bool,
     append_only: bool,
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> HashKeyDispatcher for GroupTopNExecutorDispatcherArgs<S> {
                     self.group_by,
                     self.state_table,
                     self.watermark_epoch,
+                    self.pk_indices,
                 )?
                 .boxed())
             };

From 7baa27ff9bbce41e40079f97b3d22488a6965fa4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 14:00:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 071/430] chore: split full debug info for release build
 (#12255)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock             | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 Cargo.toml             |  8 +++--
 ci/scripts/release.sh  |  4 +++
 docker/Dockerfile      |  5 ++-
 docker/Dockerfile.hdfs |  5 ++-
 5 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index bd4277aa05617..f337e66f93a92 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4071,7 +4071,7 @@ checksum = "57bcfdad1b858c2db7c38303a6d2ad4dfaf5eb53dfeb0910128b2c26d6158503"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "local_stats_alloc"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
@@ -5434,7 +5434,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pgwire"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "byteorder",
@@ -6406,7 +6406,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risedev"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
@@ -6435,7 +6435,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risedev-config"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -6448,7 +6448,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_backup"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -6468,7 +6468,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_backup_cmd"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
@@ -6480,7 +6480,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_batch"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_matches",
@@ -6524,7 +6524,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_bench"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "aws-config",
@@ -6557,7 +6557,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_cmd"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
@@ -6577,7 +6577,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_cmd_all"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -6608,7 +6608,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_common"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
@@ -6700,7 +6700,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_common_proc_macro"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "bae",
  "proc-macro-error",
@@ -6712,7 +6712,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_common_service"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -6731,7 +6731,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_compaction_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -6757,7 +6757,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_compactor"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -6781,7 +6781,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_compute"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -6821,7 +6821,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_connector"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "apache-avro 0.15.0 (git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/avro?branch=idx0dev/resolved_schema)",
@@ -6901,7 +6901,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_ctl"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bytes",
@@ -6935,7 +6935,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
@@ -6950,7 +6950,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_expr"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "anyhow",
@@ -7007,7 +7007,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_frontend"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
@@ -7073,7 +7073,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_hummock_sdk"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "hex",
@@ -7087,7 +7087,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_hummock_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
@@ -7119,7 +7119,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_hummock_trace"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bincode 2.0.0-rc.3",
@@ -7176,7 +7176,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_meta"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
@@ -7241,7 +7241,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_object_store"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "await-tree",
@@ -7269,7 +7269,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_pb"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "enum-as-inner",
  "fs-err",
@@ -7286,7 +7286,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_planner_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "expect-test",
@@ -7306,7 +7306,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_regress_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -7320,7 +7320,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_rpc_client"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -7349,7 +7349,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_rt"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "await-tree",
  "chrono",
@@ -7423,7 +7423,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_source"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_matches",
@@ -7446,7 +7446,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_sqlparser"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "matches",
@@ -7473,7 +7473,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_sqlsmith"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
@@ -7499,7 +7499,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_state_cleaning_test"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -7519,7 +7519,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_storage"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
@@ -7583,7 +7583,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_stream"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_matches",
@@ -7645,7 +7645,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_test_runner"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "fail",
  "sync-point",
@@ -7669,7 +7669,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_variables"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "workspace-hack",
@@ -10010,7 +10010,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "workspace-config"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "openssl-sys",
@@ -10021,7 +10021,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "workspace-hack"
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "anyhow",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 332bc5f8e7acc..5742b9efc3713 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ members = [
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "1.1.0-alpha"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 edition = "2021"
 homepage = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave"
 keywords = ["sql", "database", "streaming"]
@@ -177,8 +177,9 @@ redundant_explicit_links = "allow"
 lto = 'off'
 
 [profile.release]
-debug = 1
-lto = 'thin'
+debug = "full"
+split-debuginfo = "packed"
+lto = "thin"
 
 # The profile used for CI in main branch.
 # This profile inherits from the release profile, but turns on some checks and assertions for us to
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ lto = 'thin'
 inherits = "release"
 incremental = false
 debug = "line-tables-only"
+split-debuginfo = "off"
 debug-assertions = true
 overflow-checks = true
 
diff --git a/ci/scripts/release.sh b/ci/scripts/release.sh
index b222e49c08261..9852d48e0ba50 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/release.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/release.sh
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ if [[ -n "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" ]]; then
   tar -czvf risingwave-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz risingwave
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risingwave-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
 
+  echo "--- Release upload risingwave debug info"
+  tar -czvf risingwave-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.dwp.tar.gz risingwave.dwp
+  gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risingwave-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.dwp.tar.gz
+
   echo "--- Release upload risectl asset"
   tar -czvf risectl-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz risectl
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risectl-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 1e467d4feac2e..d788b4f435a0d 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ RUN rustup self update \
 
 RUN cargo fetch && \
   cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all --release --features "rw-static-link" && \
-  mkdir -p /risingwave/bin && mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave /risingwave/bin/ && \
+  mkdir -p /risingwave/bin && \
+    mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave /risingwave/bin/ && \
+    mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/ && \
   cp ./target/release/build/tikv-jemalloc-sys-*/out/build/bin/jeprof /risingwave/bin/ && \
   chmod +x /risingwave/bin/jeprof && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/lib && cargo clean
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ RUN apt-get -y install gdb \
 RUN mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && mkdir -p /risingwave/lib
 
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave /risingwave/bin/risingwave
+COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/connector-node /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/ui /risingwave/ui
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/jeprof /usr/local/bin/jeprof
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
index 7d22f7b516d48..23b6cf802fc4f 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${JAVA_HOME_PATH}/lib/server:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
 
 RUN cargo fetch && \
   cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all --release --features "rw-static-link" && \
-  mkdir -p /risingwave/bin && mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave /risingwave/bin/ && \
+  mkdir -p /risingwave/bin && \
+    mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave /risingwave/bin/ && \
+    mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/ && \
   cp ./target/release/build/tikv-jemalloc-sys-*/out/build/bin/jeprof /risingwave/bin/ && \
   chmod +x /risingwave/bin/jeprof && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/lib && cargo clean
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ FROM image-base as risingwave
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave
 RUN mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && mkdir -p /risingwave/lib
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave /risingwave/bin/risingwave
+COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/connector-node /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/ui /risingwave/ui
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/hdfs_env.sh /risingwave/hdfs_env.sh

From 59bb645b27d6345abddfebef5e3095c56b74ffe7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 14:54:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 072/430] chore: add platforms to hakari (#12333)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 .config/hakari.toml             |   9 +-
 Cargo.lock                      |  14 ++++
 Makefile.toml                   |  13 ++-
 src/compute/Cargo.toml          |   4 +-
 src/test_runner/Cargo.toml      |   2 +
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml |   4 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml   | 144 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index e998f5fea2fbe..e3e58e80cbf16 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ resolver = "2"
 # Add triples corresponding to platforms commonly used by developers here.
 # https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support.html
 platforms = [
-    # "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    # "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    # "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
 ]
 
 # Write out exact versions rather than a semver range. (Defaults to false.)
@@ -35,6 +36,4 @@ third-party = [
     { name = "criterion" },
     { name = "console" },
     { name = "similar" },
-    # FYI: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12315
-    { name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys", git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" },
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f337e66f93a92..9e73822d5a77d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10029,6 +10029,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
+ "axum",
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
@@ -10070,12 +10071,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime_guess",
+ "miniz_oxide",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
+ "once_cell",
+ "openssl-sys",
+ "opentelemetry",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -10090,12 +10097,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rdkafka-sys",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
+ "rustix 0.38.11",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -10104,6 +10114,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
+ "tikv-jemallocator",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10115,6 +10127,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml_edit",
  "tonic",
  "tower",
+ "tower-http",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -10123,6 +10136,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "url",
  "uuid",
  "zeroize",
+ "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 1583f7185e179..ac237fac06628 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -946,7 +946,18 @@ set -e
 
 cargo check \
   --config "target.'cfg(all())'.rustflags = ['--cfg=madsim']" \
-  -p risingwave_simulation --all-targets "$@"
+  -p risingwave_batch \
+  -p risingwave_common \
+  -p risingwave_compute \
+  -p risingwave_connector \
+  -p risingwave_frontend \
+  -p risingwave_meta \
+  -p risingwave_object_store \
+  -p risingwave_source \
+  -p risingwave_storage \
+  -p risingwave_stream \
+  -p pgwire \
+  -p risingwave_simulation --tests "$@"
 """
 
 [tasks.sslt]
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 24d12151c04b7..7fb7dbd1ab2bd 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ risingwave_storage = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_stream = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -54,6 +53,9 @@ tonic = { workspace = true }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
+[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
+
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/test_runner/Cargo.toml b/src/test_runner/Cargo.toml
index f5ed8b05dc03a..3b9819bd45dad 100644
--- a/src/test_runner/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/test_runner/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 [dependencies]
 fail = "0.5"
 sync-point = { path = "../utils/sync-point" }
+
+[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [lints]
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 82992b8b04c2a..ab9201e6ddd3f 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,11 +46,13 @@ serde_derive = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.107"
 sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
 tempfile = "3"
-tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
+[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
+
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index a539527690fce..63cf30bf854df 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -215,4 +215,148 @@ url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
 zeroize = { version = "1", features = ["zeroize_derive"] }
 
+[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From c0060b2ecbcbe16ce518f49237b2f380d1e41e40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 15:32:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 073/430] feat(meta): add hummock config relevant tables to
 rw_catalog (#12337)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           | 15 ++++
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs         |  2 +
 .../catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs  |  4 +
 .../rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs.rs    | 72 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_meta_configs.rs     | 50 +++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs               | 21 +++++-
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs                | 15 +++-
 src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs |  7 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/vacuum.rs                |  3 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs   | 73 ++++++++++++++++++-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             | 15 ++++
 11 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_meta_configs.rs

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index fd16e32457ec5..db99cbe5f8509 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -633,6 +633,19 @@ message ListBranchedObjectResponse {
   repeated BranchedObject branched_objects = 1;
 }
 
+message ListActiveWriteLimitRequest {}
+
+message ListActiveWriteLimitResponse {
+  // < compaction group id, write limit info >
+  map<uint64, WriteLimits.WriteLimit> write_limits = 1;
+}
+
+message ListHummockMetaConfigRequest {}
+
+message ListHummockMetaConfigResponse {
+  map<string, string> configs = 1;
+}
+
 service HummockManagerService {
   rpc UnpinVersionBefore(UnpinVersionBeforeRequest) returns (UnpinVersionBeforeResponse);
   rpc GetCurrentVersion(GetCurrentVersionRequest) returns (GetCurrentVersionResponse);
@@ -664,6 +677,8 @@ service HummockManagerService {
   rpc RiseCtlListCompactionStatus(RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest) returns (RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse);
   rpc SubscribeCompactionEvent(stream SubscribeCompactionEventRequest) returns (stream SubscribeCompactionEventResponse);
   rpc ListBranchedObject(ListBranchedObjectRequest) returns (ListBranchedObjectResponse);
+  rpc ListActiveWriteLimit(ListActiveWriteLimitRequest) returns (ListActiveWriteLimitResponse);
+  rpc ListHummockMetaConfig(ListHummockMetaConfigRequest) returns (ListHummockMetaConfigResponse);
 }
 
 message CompactionConfig {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
index 59685698ddc99..185f8017311c2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -409,6 +409,8 @@ prepare_sys_catalog! {
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION), read_hummock_checkpoint_version await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_VERSION_DELTAS), read_hummock_version_deltas await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_BRANCHED_OBJECTS), read_hummock_branched_objects await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_COMPACTION_GROUP_CONFIGS), read_hummock_compaction_group_configs await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_META_CONFIGS), read_hummock_meta_configs await},
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
index 58beecbb528a6..9f89c9eed5e81 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ mod rw_ddl_progress;
 mod rw_fragments;
 mod rw_functions;
 mod rw_hummock_branched_objects;
+mod rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs;
+mod rw_hummock_meta_configs;
 mod rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots;
 mod rw_hummock_pinned_versions;
 mod rw_hummock_version;
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@ pub use rw_ddl_progress::*;
 pub use rw_fragments::*;
 pub use rw_functions::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_branched_objects::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs::*;
+pub use rw_hummock_meta_configs::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_pinned_snapshots::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_pinned_versions::*;
 pub use rw_hummock_version::*;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..758d639388f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_COMPACTION_GROUP_CONFIGS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_compaction_group_configs",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "parent_id"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "member_tables"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "compaction_config"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "active_write_limit"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[0],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_compaction_group_configs(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let info = self
+            .meta_client
+            .list_hummock_compaction_group_configs()
+            .await?;
+        let mut write_limits = self.meta_client.list_hummock_active_write_limits().await?;
+        let mut rows = info
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|i| {
+                let active_write_limit = write_limits
+                    .remove(&i.id)
+                    .map(|w| ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(w).into()));
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(i.id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(i.parent_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(i.member_table_ids).into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(i.compaction_config).into())),
+                    active_write_limit,
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+        // As compaction group configs and active write limits are fetched via two RPCs, it's possible there's inconsistency.
+        // Just leave unknown field blank.
+        rows.extend(write_limits.into_iter().map(|(cg, w)| {
+            OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(cg as _)),
+                None,
+                None,
+                None,
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(w).into())),
+            ])
+        }));
+        Ok(rows)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_meta_configs.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_meta_configs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e28dc0a926c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_meta_configs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+
+use crate::catalog::system_catalog::{BuiltinTable, SysCatalogReaderImpl};
+
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_META_CONFIGS: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_meta_configs",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Varchar, "config_name"),
+        (DataType::Varchar, "config_value"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[0],
+};
+
+impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
+    pub async fn read_hummock_meta_configs(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let configs = self
+            .meta_client
+            .list_hummock_meta_configs()
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .sorted()
+            .map(|(k, v)| {
+                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(k.into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(v.into())),
+                ])
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+        Ok(configs)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
index c45cf12377269..ae90c2e345f9f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
 use risingwave_pb::backup_service::MetaSnapshotMetadata;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::DdlProgress;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
-    BranchedObject, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
+    BranchedObject, CompactionGroupInfo, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::PbJobs;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_actor_states_response::ActorState;
@@ -86,6 +87,12 @@ pub trait FrontendMetaClient: Send + Sync {
     async fn list_version_deltas(&self) -> Result<Vec<HummockVersionDelta>>;
 
     async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>>;
+
+    async fn list_hummock_compaction_group_configs(&self) -> Result<Vec<CompactionGroupInfo>>;
+
+    async fn list_hummock_active_write_limits(&self) -> Result<HashMap<u64, WriteLimit>>;
+
+    async fn list_hummock_meta_configs(&self) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>>;
 }
 
 pub struct FrontendMetaClientImpl(pub MetaClient);
@@ -214,4 +221,16 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for FrontendMetaClientImpl {
     async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
         self.0.list_branched_object().await
     }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_compaction_group_configs(&self) -> Result<Vec<CompactionGroupInfo>> {
+        self.0.risectl_list_compaction_group().await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_active_write_limits(&self) -> Result<HashMap<u64, WriteLimit>> {
+        self.0.list_active_write_limit().await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_meta_configs(&self) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+        self.0.list_hummock_meta_config().await
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index abdfa90c064b2..20eb252fc5053 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView, Table,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
-    BranchedObject, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
+    BranchedObject, CompactionGroupInfo, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::PbJobs;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::list_actor_states_response::ActorState;
@@ -850,6 +851,18 @@ impl FrontendMetaClient for MockFrontendMetaClient {
     async fn list_branched_objects(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_compaction_group_configs(&self) -> RpcResult<Vec<CompactionGroupInfo>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_active_write_limits(&self) -> RpcResult<HashMap<u64, WriteLimit>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_meta_configs(&self) -> RpcResult<HashMap<String, String>> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
index 1eea48307cb33..c280572c796d4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_backup::error::BackupError;
 use risingwave_backup::storage::{BoxedMetaSnapshotStorage, ObjectStoreMetaSnapshotStorage};
 use risingwave_backup::{MetaBackupJobId, MetaSnapshotId, MetaSnapshotManifest};
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl BackupManager {
     }
 
     /// List all `SSTables` required by backups.
-    pub fn list_pinned_ssts(&self) -> Vec<HummockSstableObjectId> {
+    pub fn list_pinned_ssts(&self) -> HashSet<HummockSstableObjectId> {
         self.backup_store
             .load()
             .0
@@ -315,8 +315,7 @@ impl BackupManager {
             .snapshot_metadata
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|s| s.ssts.clone())
-            .dedup()
-            .collect_vec()
+            .collect()
     }
 
     pub fn manifest(&self) -> Arc<MetaSnapshotManifest> {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/vacuum.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/vacuum.rs
index 31f4651d6fdfd..992deb5e636ce 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/vacuum.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/vacuum.rs
@@ -164,8 +164,7 @@ impl VacuumManager {
         &self,
         objects_to_delete: &mut Vec<HummockSstableObjectId>,
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let reject: HashSet<HummockSstableObjectId> =
-            self.backup_manager.list_pinned_ssts().into_iter().collect();
+        let reject = self.backup_manager.list_pinned_ssts();
         // Ack these SSTs immediately, because they tend to be pinned for long time.
         // They will be GCed during full GC when they are no longer pinned.
         let to_ack = objects_to_delete
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
index a8419da6e2077..161e92ddad113 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use futures::StreamExt;
@@ -48,6 +48,18 @@ impl HummockServiceImpl {
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! fields_to_kvs {
+    ($struct:ident, $($field:ident),*) => {
+        {
+            let mut kvs = HashMap::default();
+            $(
+                kvs.insert(stringify!($field).to_string(), $struct.$field.to_string());
+            )*
+            kvs
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
     type SubscribeCompactionEventStream = RwReceiverStream<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse>;
@@ -536,4 +548,63 @@ impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
             branched_objects,
         }))
     }
+
+    async fn list_active_write_limit(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ListActiveWriteLimitRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ListActiveWriteLimitResponse>, Status> {
+        Ok(Response::new(ListActiveWriteLimitResponse {
+            write_limits: self.hummock_manager.write_limits().await,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn list_hummock_meta_config(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ListHummockMetaConfigRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ListHummockMetaConfigResponse>, Status> {
+        let opt = &self.hummock_manager.env.opts;
+        let configs = fields_to_kvs!(
+            opt,
+            vacuum_interval_sec,
+            vacuum_spin_interval_ms,
+            hummock_version_checkpoint_interval_sec,
+            min_delta_log_num_for_hummock_version_checkpoint,
+            min_sst_retention_time_sec,
+            full_gc_interval_sec,
+            collect_gc_watermark_spin_interval_sec,
+            periodic_compaction_interval_sec,
+            periodic_space_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+            periodic_ttl_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+            periodic_tombstone_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+            periodic_split_compact_group_interval_sec,
+            split_group_size_limit,
+            min_table_split_size,
+            do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle,
+            partition_vnode_count,
+            table_write_throughput_threshold,
+            min_table_split_write_throughput,
+            compaction_task_max_heartbeat_interval_secs
+        );
+        Ok(Response::new(ListHummockMetaConfigResponse { configs }))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fields_to_kvs() {
+        struct S {
+            foo: u64,
+            bar: String,
+        }
+        let s = S {
+            foo: 15,
+            bar: "foobar".to_string(),
+        };
+        let kvs: HashMap<String, String> = fields_to_kvs!(s, foo, bar);
+        assert_eq!(kvs.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(kvs.get("foo").unwrap(), "15");
+        assert_eq!(kvs.get("bar").unwrap(), "foobar");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index e4b837ba517f0..8ebbded3dd083 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::*;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_manager_service_client::HummockManagerServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::rise_ctl_update_compaction_config_request::mutable_config::MutableConfig;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::Register;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::*;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::PbJobs;
@@ -1050,6 +1051,18 @@ impl MetaClient {
         Ok(resp.branched_objects)
     }
 
+    pub async fn list_active_write_limit(&self) -> Result<HashMap<u64, WriteLimit>> {
+        let req = ListActiveWriteLimitRequest {};
+        let resp = self.inner.list_active_write_limit(req).await?;
+        Ok(resp.write_limits)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_hummock_meta_config(&self) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+        let req = ListHummockMetaConfigRequest {};
+        let resp = self.inner.list_hummock_meta_config(req).await?;
+        Ok(resp.configs)
+    }
+
     pub async fn delete_worker_node(&self, worker: HostAddress) -> Result<()> {
         let _resp = self
             .inner
@@ -1716,6 +1729,8 @@ macro_rules! for_all_meta_rpc {
             ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_list_compaction_status, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, subscribe_compaction_event, impl tonic::IntoStreamingRequest<Message = SubscribeCompactionEventRequest>, Streaming<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse> }
             ,{ hummock_client, list_branched_object, ListBranchedObjectRequest, ListBranchedObjectResponse }
+            ,{ hummock_client, list_active_write_limit, ListActiveWriteLimitRequest, ListActiveWriteLimitResponse }
+            ,{ hummock_client, list_hummock_meta_config, ListHummockMetaConfigRequest, ListHummockMetaConfigResponse }
             ,{ user_client, create_user, CreateUserRequest, CreateUserResponse }
             ,{ user_client, update_user, UpdateUserRequest, UpdateUserResponse }
             ,{ user_client, drop_user, DropUserRequest, DropUserResponse }

From bf5b14ecb6904fa09bb449f5e8358cddfd7aab21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 16:06:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 074/430] chore: lift decoding message size limit for ddl
 client (#12340)

---
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 8ebbded3dd083..f3d9f8ad12fd2 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -1288,7 +1288,8 @@ impl GrpcMetaClientCore {
         let cluster_client = ClusterServiceClient::new(channel.clone());
         let meta_member_client = MetaMemberClient::new(channel.clone());
         let heartbeat_client = HeartbeatServiceClient::new(channel.clone());
-        let ddl_client = DdlServiceClient::new(channel.clone());
+        let ddl_client =
+            DdlServiceClient::new(channel.clone()).max_decoding_message_size(usize::MAX);
         let hummock_client =
             HummockManagerServiceClient::new(channel.clone()).max_decoding_message_size(usize::MAX);
         let notification_client =

From 8a36ca33c116752be189f2da8f1dfbaf9934247f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 16:11:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 075/430] feat(meta): Add `creating_status` field for stream
 jobs (#12330)

---
 proto/catalog.proto                                  | 12 ++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs                |  3 ++-
 src/frontend/src/catalog/index_catalog.rs            |  3 ++-
 src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs            |  6 ++++--
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_index.rs             |  3 ++-
 src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs              |  3 ++-
 src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs |  3 ++-
 7 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/catalog.proto b/proto/catalog.proto
index aa09274a0d818..07aff3baee22f 100644
--- a/proto/catalog.proto
+++ b/proto/catalog.proto
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ enum SchemaRegistryNameStrategy {
   TOPIC_RECORD_NAME_STRATEGY = 2;
 }
 
+enum StreamJobStatus {
+  // Prefixed by `STREAM_JOB_STATUS` due to protobuf namespacing rules.
+  STREAM_JOB_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  CREATING = 1;
+  CREATED = 2;
+}
+
 message StreamSourceInfo {
   // deprecated
   plan_common.RowFormatType row_format = 1;
@@ -116,6 +123,7 @@ message Sink {
   optional uint64 created_at_epoch = 16;
   string db_name = 17;
   string sink_from_name = 18;
+  StreamJobStatus stream_job_status = 19;
 }
 
 message Connection {
@@ -157,6 +165,7 @@ message Index {
 
   optional uint64 initialized_at_epoch = 10;
   optional uint64 created_at_epoch = 11;
+  StreamJobStatus stream_job_status = 12;
 }
 
 message Function {
@@ -250,6 +259,9 @@ message Table {
   // In older versions we can just initialize without it.
   bool cleaned_by_watermark = 30;
 
+  // Used to filter created / creating tables in meta.
+  StreamJobStatus stream_job_status = 31;
+
   // Per-table catalog version, used by schema change. `None` for internal tables and tests.
   // Not to be confused with the global catalog version for notification service.
   TableVersion version = 100;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
index 16b53af17499a..fd307b05e115e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSink, PbSinkType};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSink, PbSinkType, PbStreamJobStatus};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Hash, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SinkId {
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ impl SinkCatalog {
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|e| e.0),
             db_name: self.db_name.clone(),
             sink_from_name: self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/index_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/index_catalog.rs
index caf0557b2fd09..ca4b4036332d3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/index_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/index_catalog.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::IndexId;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbIndex;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbIndex, PbStreamJobStatus};
 
 use super::ColumnId;
 use crate::catalog::{DatabaseId, OwnedByUserCatalog, SchemaId, TableCatalog};
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ impl IndexCatalog {
             original_columns: self.original_columns.iter().map(Into::into).collect_vec(),
             initialized_at_epoch: self.initialized_at_epoch.map(|e| e.0),
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|e| e.0),
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
index 6c83df13e80be..2b8ef546c9be9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::{OptionalAssociatedSourceId, PbTableType, PbTableVersion};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::DefaultColumnDesc;
 
@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ impl TableCatalog {
             initialized_at_epoch: self.initialized_at_epoch.map(|epoch| epoch.0),
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|epoch| epoch.0),
             cleaned_by_watermark: self.cleaned_by_watermark,
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::*;
     use risingwave_common::types::*;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
+    use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
     use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbColumnCatalog, PbColumnDesc};
 
     use super::*;
@@ -605,6 +606,7 @@ mod tests {
             cardinality: None,
             created_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
         }
         .into();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_index.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_index.rs
index ad4512aca354a..a5a002d3b3d79 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_index.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_index.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{IndexId, TableDesc, TableId};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbIndex, PbTable};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbIndex, PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_fragment_graph::Parallelism;
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::{Action, Object};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast;
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_create_index_plan(
         original_columns,
         initialized_at_epoch: None,
         created_at_epoch: None,
+        stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
     };
 
     let plan: PlanRef = materialize.into();
diff --git a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
index 47ce552300e22..d861c8256d961 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TABLE_PREFIX_LEN;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
-    use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
+    use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
     use risingwave_pb::common::{PbColumnOrder, PbDirection, PbNullsAre, PbOrderType};
     use risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnCatalog;
 
@@ -549,6 +549,7 @@ mod tests {
             cardinality: None,
             created_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index 683cff8fac45d..258fb62d3b740 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::setup_compute_env_with_config;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::MockHummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::object_metrics::ObjectStoreMetrics;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::parse_remote_object_store;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactionConfig, CompactionGroupInfo};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ async fn compaction_test(
         cardinality: None,
         created_at_epoch: None,
         cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+        stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into(),
     };
     let mut delete_range_table = delete_key_table.clone();
     delete_range_table.id = 2;

From c443197f2b0c32363a494bc9320073ccc9969c4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 16:22:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 076/430] feat(optimizer): support correlated column in order
 by (#12341)

---
 .../tests/testdata/input/subquery_expr.yaml   | 13 +++++++
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr.yaml  | 38 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs              | 14 +++++--
 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery_expr.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery_expr.yaml
index a51035b4750c0..255a87f84099d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery_expr.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery_expr.yaml
@@ -116,3 +116,16 @@
     select x from t1 where y not in (select y from t2);
   expected_outputs:
   - logical_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int);
+    create table t2 (b int);
+    SELECT *
+    FROM t1
+    WHERE EXISTS
+    (SELECT 1
+    FROM t2
+    GROUP BY a
+    ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 90);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - logical_plan
+    - batch_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr.yaml
index bc1da0f48dfb2..1383c156a18f5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr.yaml
@@ -234,3 +234,41 @@
       ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id] }
       └─LogicalProject { exprs: [t2.y] }
         └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.x, t2.y, t2._row_id] }
+- sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int);
+    create table t2 (b int);
+    SELECT *
+    FROM t1
+    WHERE EXISTS
+    (SELECT 1
+    FROM t2
+    GROUP BY a
+    ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 90);
+  logical_plan: |-
+    LogicalProject { exprs: [t1.a] }
+    └─LogicalApply { type: LeftSemi, on: true, correlated_id: 1 }
+      ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1._row_id] }
+      └─LogicalProject { exprs: [1:Int32] }
+        └─LogicalTopN { order: [$expr2 DESC], limit: 90, offset: 0 }
+          └─LogicalProject { exprs: [1:Int32, CorrelatedInputRef { index: 0, correlated_id: 1 } as $expr2] }
+            └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [] }
+              └─LogicalProject { exprs: [CorrelatedInputRef { index: 0, correlated_id: 1 } as $expr1] }
+                └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2._row_id] }
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t1.a, output: all }
+      ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+      │ └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a], distribution: SomeShard }
+      └─BatchProject { exprs: [t1.a] }
+        └─BatchGroupTopN { order: [t1.a DESC], limit: 90, offset: 0, group_key: [t1.a] }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+            └─BatchProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.a] }
+              └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [] }
+                └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+                  └─BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: true, output: all }
+                    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+                    │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [] }
+                    │   └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+                    │     └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a], distribution: SomeShard }
+                    └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+                      └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [], distribution: SomeShard }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
index 5f85031c9833b..bb1c30d22b3d2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
@@ -92,9 +92,17 @@ impl BoundQuery {
         depth: Depth,
         correlated_id: CorrelatedId,
     ) -> Vec<usize> {
-        // TODO: collect `correlated_input_ref` in `extra_order_exprs`.
-        self.body
-            .collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth, correlated_id)
+        let mut correlated_indices = vec![];
+
+        correlated_indices.extend(
+            self.body
+                .collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth, correlated_id),
+        );
+
+        correlated_indices.extend(self.extra_order_exprs.iter_mut().flat_map(|expr| {
+            expr.collect_correlated_indices_by_depth_and_assign_id(depth, correlated_id)
+        }));
+        correlated_indices
     }
 
     /// Simple `VALUES` without other clauses.

From 467ba4b00c2b30d2228c9ee1638fbe80fb53fa12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 16:28:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 077/430] fix: stream backfill executor use correct schema
 (#12314)

Co-authored-by: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 e2e_test/streaming/bug_fixes/issue_12299.slt | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs           | 25 +++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/bug_fixes/issue_12299.slt

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/bug_fixes/issue_12299.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/bug_fixes/issue_12299.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7be47038f15cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/bug_fixes/issue_12299.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12299
+# TL;DR When upstream's stream key is not pk and the stream scan does not contain whole pk.
+
+statement ok
+create table t1(
+  id bigint primary key,
+  i bigint
+);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv1 as select id, i from t1 order by id, i;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t1 values(1, 1);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv2 as select id from mv1;
+
+query I
+select * from mv2;
+----
+1
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv2;
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv1;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t1;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
index d1a971a5cbb4a..667772fcfdd60 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, ColumnId, TableId, TableOption};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, ColumnId, Schema, TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::StorageTableDesc;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{ChainNode, ChainType};
@@ -40,28 +40,31 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
         stream: &mut LocalStreamManagerCore,
     ) -> StreamResult<BoxedExecutor> {
         let [mview, snapshot]: [_; 2] = params.input.try_into().unwrap();
-
         // For reporting the progress.
         let progress = stream
             .context
             .register_create_mview_progress(params.actor_context.id);
 
-        // The batch query executor scans on a mapped adhoc mview table, thus we should directly use
-        // its schema.
-        let schema = snapshot.schema().clone();
-
         let output_indices = node
             .output_indices
             .iter()
             .map(|&i| i as usize)
             .collect_vec();
 
-        // For `Chain`s other than `Backfill`, there should be no extra mapping required. We can
-        // directly output the columns received from the upstream or snapshot.
-        if !matches!(node.chain_type(), ChainType::Backfill) {
-            let all_indices = (0..schema.len()).collect_vec();
+        let schema = if matches!(node.chain_type(), ChainType::Backfill) {
+            Schema::new(
+                output_indices
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|i| snapshot.schema().fields()[*i].clone())
+                    .collect_vec(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            // For `Chain`s other than `Backfill`, there should be no extra mapping required. We can
+            // directly output the columns received from the upstream or snapshot.
+            let all_indices = (0..snapshot.schema().len()).collect_vec();
             assert_eq!(output_indices, all_indices);
-        }
+            snapshot.schema().clone()
+        };
 
         let executor = match node.chain_type() {
             ChainType::Chain | ChainType::UpstreamOnly => {

From 00321457dafc2c07590d7213ee076f6bf07ff073 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 16:57:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 078/430] refactor(expr): support variadic function in
 `#[function]` macro (#12178)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/format.slt.part      |  23 ++
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs            |   1 +
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   1 -
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 110 +++++---
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  27 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/types.rs                   |   7 +-
 src/expr/src/error.rs                         |   3 +
 src/expr/src/expr/build.rs                    |   5 -
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_concat_ws.rs           | 250 ------------------
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_nested_construct.rs    | 153 -----------
 src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs                      |   2 -
 src/expr/src/sig/func.rs                      |  22 +-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs               |  28 ++
 src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs           |  70 +++++
 .../src => expr/src/vector_op}/format.rs      | 102 ++++++-
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs                 |   3 +
 .../tests/testdata/input/format.yaml          |   8 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/format.yaml         |  30 +--
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs      |  72 +----
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs  |  16 ++
 20 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 570 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_concat_ws.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_nested_construct.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs
 rename src/{common/src => expr/src/vector_op}/format.rs (50%)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/format.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/format.slt.part
index 92b4fc1553a65..ab6090737e304 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/functions/format.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/format.slt.part
@@ -7,3 +7,26 @@ query T
 SELECT format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %%', 'one', 'two', 'three');
 ----
 Testing one, two, three, %
+
+query T
+SELECT format('%s %s', a, b) from (values
+    ('Hello', 'World'),
+    ('Rising', 'Wave')
+) as t(a, b);
+----
+Hello World
+Rising Wave
+
+query T
+SELECT format(f, a, b) from (values
+    ('%s %s', 'Hello', 'World'),
+    ('%s%s', 'Hello', null),
+    (null, 'Hello', 'World')
+) as t(f, a, b);
+----
+Hello World
+Hello
+NULL
+
+query error too few arguments for format()
+SELECT format('%s %s', 'Hello');
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
index f335b56a60edb..cc4bef12cccff 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
@@ -779,6 +779,7 @@ impl DataChunkTestExt for DataChunk {
                     "." => None,
                     "t" => Some(true.into()),
                     "f" => Some(false.into()),
+                    "(empty)" => Some("".into()),
                     _ => Some(ScalarImpl::from_text(val_str.as_bytes(), ty).unwrap()),
                 };
                 builder.append(datum);
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index 5f7e9fd476da5..da58e53b8c52d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ pub mod system_param;
 pub mod telemetry;
 pub mod transaction;
 
-pub mod format;
 pub mod metrics;
 pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod types;
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 9e8b4d9d3c1b2..56464f2bf2809 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -59,10 +59,14 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             return self.generate_table_function_descriptor(user_fn, build_fn);
         }
         let name = self.name.clone();
-        let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(self.args.len());
-        for ty in &self.args {
-            args.push(data_type_name(ty));
+        let variadic = matches!(self.args.last(), Some(t) if t == "...");
+        let args = match variadic {
+            true => &self.args[..self.args.len() - 1],
+            false => &self.args[..],
         }
+        .iter()
+        .map(|ty| data_type_name(ty))
+        .collect_vec();
         let ret = data_type_name(&self.ret);
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
@@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 unsafe { crate::sig::func::_register(#descriptor_type {
                     func: risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
+                    variadic: #variadic,
                     ret_type: #ret,
                     build: #build_fn,
                     deprecated: #deprecated,
@@ -99,7 +104,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         user_fn: &UserFunctionAttr,
         optimize_const: bool,
     ) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
-        let num_args = self.args.len();
+        let variadic = matches!(self.args.last(), Some(t) if t == "...");
+        let num_args = self.args.len() - if variadic { 1 } else { 0 };
         let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
         let struct_name = match optimize_const {
             true => format_ident!("{}OptimizeConst", utils::to_camel_case(&self.ident_name())),
@@ -148,8 +154,6 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         let inputs = idents("i", &children_indices);
         let prebuilt_inputs = idents("i", &prebuilt_indices);
         let non_prebuilt_inputs = idents("i", &non_prebuilt_indices);
-        let all_child = idents("child", &(0..num_args).collect_vec());
-        let child = idents("child", &children_indices);
         let array_refs = idents("array", &children_indices);
         let arrays = idents("a", &children_indices);
         let datums = idents("v", &children_indices);
@@ -210,15 +214,41 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         } else {
             quote! { () }
         };
-        let generic = if self.ret == "boolean" && user_fn.generic == 3 {
+
+        // ensure the number of children matches the number of arguments
+        let check_children = match variadic {
+            true => quote! { crate::ensure!(children.len() >= #num_args); },
+            false => quote! { crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args); },
+        };
+
+        // evaluate variadic arguments in `eval`
+        let eval_variadic = variadic.then(|| {
+            quote! {
+                let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len() - #num_args);
+                for child in &self.children[#num_args..] {
+                    columns.push(child.eval_checked(input).await?);
+                }
+                let variadic_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.vis().clone());
+            }
+        });
+        // evaluate variadic arguments in `eval_row`
+        let eval_row_variadic = variadic.then(|| {
+            quote! {
+                let mut row = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len() - #num_args);
+                for child in &self.children[#num_args..] {
+                    row.push(child.eval_row(input).await?);
+                }
+                let variadic_row = OwnedRow::new(row);
+            }
+        });
+
+        let generic = (self.ret == "boolean" && user_fn.generic == 3).then(|| {
             // XXX: for generic compare functions, we need to specify the compatible type
             let compatible_type = types::ref_type(types::min_compatible_type(&self.args))
                 .parse::<TokenStream2>()
                 .unwrap();
             quote! { ::<_, _, #compatible_type> }
-        } else {
-            quote! {}
-        };
+        });
         let prebuilt_arg = match (&self.prebuild, optimize_const) {
             // use the prebuilt argument
             (Some(_), true) => quote! { &self.prebuilt_arg, },
@@ -227,18 +257,21 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             // no prebuilt argument
             (None, _) => quote! {},
         };
-        let context = match user_fn.context {
-            true => quote! { &self.context, },
-            false => quote! {},
-        };
-        let writer = match user_fn.write {
-            true => quote! { &mut writer, },
-            false => quote! {},
-        };
+        let variadic_args = variadic.then(|| quote! { variadic_row, });
+        let context = user_fn.context.then(|| quote! { &self.context, });
+        let writer = user_fn.write.then(|| quote! { &mut writer, });
         let await_ = user_fn.async_.then(|| quote! { .await });
         // call the user defined function
         // inputs: [ Option<impl ScalarRef> ]
-        let mut output = quote! { #fn_name #generic(#(#non_prebuilt_inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg #context #writer) #await_ };
+        let mut output = quote! { #fn_name #generic(
+            #(#non_prebuilt_inputs,)*
+            #prebuilt_arg
+            #variadic_args
+            #context
+            #writer
+        ) #await_ };
+        // handle error if the function returns `Result`
+        // wrap a `Some` if the function doesn't return `Option`
         output = match user_fn.return_type_kind {
             // XXX: we don't support void type yet. return null::int for now.
             _ if self.ret == "void" => quote! { { #output; Option::<i32>::None } },
@@ -257,7 +290,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 }
             };
         };
-        // output: Option<impl ScalarRef or Scalar>
+        // now the `output` is: Option<impl ScalarRef or Scalar>
         let append_output = match user_fn.write {
             true => quote! {{
                 let mut writer = builder.writer().begin();
@@ -292,13 +325,20 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         };
         // the main body in `eval`
         let eval = if let Some(batch_fn) = &self.batch_fn {
+            assert!(
+                !variadic,
+                "customized batch function is not supported for variadic functions"
+            );
             // user defined batch function
             let fn_name = format_ident!("{}", batch_fn);
             quote! {
                 let c = #fn_name(#(#arrays),*);
                 Ok(Arc::new(c.into()))
             }
-        } else if (types::is_primitive(&self.ret) || self.ret == "boolean") && user_fn.is_pure() {
+        } else if (types::is_primitive(&self.ret) || self.ret == "boolean")
+            && user_fn.is_pure()
+            && !variadic
+        {
             // SIMD optimization for primitive types
             match self.args.len() {
                 0 => quote! {
@@ -330,10 +370,15 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             }
         } else {
             // no optimization
-            let array_zip = match num_args {
+            let array_zip = match children_indices.len() {
                 0 => quote! { std::iter::repeat(()).take(input.capacity()) },
                 _ => quote! { multizip((#(#arrays.iter(),)*)) },
             };
+            let let_variadic = variadic.then(|| {
+                quote! {
+                    let variadic_row = variadic_input.row_at_unchecked_vis(i);
+                }
+            });
             quote! {
                 let mut builder = #builder_type::with_type(input.capacity(), self.context.return_type.clone());
 
@@ -341,16 +386,18 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
                         // allow using `zip` for performance
                         #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
-                        for ((#(#inputs,)*), visible) in #array_zip.zip(vis.iter()) {
+                        for (i, ((#(#inputs,)*), visible)) in #array_zip.zip(vis.iter()).enumerate() {
                             if !visible {
                                 builder.append_null();
                                 continue;
                             }
+                            #let_variadic
                             #append_output
                         }
                     }
                     Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                        for (#(#inputs,)*) in #array_zip {
+                        for (i, (#(#inputs,)*)) in #array_zip.enumerate() {
+                            #let_variadic
                             #append_output
                         }
                     }
@@ -374,19 +421,17 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use crate::expr::{Context, BoxedExpression};
                 use crate::Result;
 
-                crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
+                #check_children
                 let prebuilt_arg = #prebuild_const;
                 let context = Context {
                     return_type,
                     arg_types: children.iter().map(|c| c.return_type()).collect(),
                 };
-                let mut iter = children.into_iter();
-                #(let #all_child = iter.next().unwrap();)*
 
                 #[derive(Debug)]
                 struct #struct_name {
                     context: Context,
-                    #(#child: BoxedExpression,)*
+                    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
                     prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
@@ -395,25 +440,26 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                         self.context.return_type.clone()
                     }
                     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-                        // evaluate children and downcast arrays
                         #(
-                            let #array_refs = self.#child.eval_checked(input).await?;
+                            let #array_refs = self.children[#children_indices].eval_checked(input).await?;
                             let #arrays: &#arg_arrays = #array_refs.as_ref().into();
                         )*
+                        #eval_variadic
                         #eval
                     }
                     async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
                         #(
-                            let #datums = self.#child.eval_row(input).await?;
+                            let #datums = self.children[#children_indices].eval_row(input).await?;
                             let #inputs: Option<#arg_types> = #datums.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into().unwrap());
                         )*
+                        #eval_row_variadic
                         Ok(#row_output)
                     }
                 }
 
                 Ok(Box::new(#struct_name {
                     context,
-                    #(#child,)*
+                    children,
                     prebuilt_arg,
                 }))
             }
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 4d8c48ca9ccac..c6ebffdff660f 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ mod utils;
 /// - [Rust Function Signature](#rust-function-signature)
 ///     - [Nullable Arguments](#nullable-arguments)
 ///     - [Return Value](#return-value)
+///     - [Variadic Function](#variadic-function)
 ///     - [Optimization](#optimization)
 ///     - [Functions Returning Strings](#functions-returning-strings)
 ///     - [Preprocessing Constant Arguments](#preprocessing-constant-arguments)
@@ -62,13 +63,15 @@ mod utils;
 /// invocation. The signature follows this pattern:
 ///
 /// ```text
-/// name ( [arg_types],* ) [ -> [setof] return_type ]
+/// name ( [arg_types],* [...] ) [ -> [setof] return_type ]
 /// ```
 ///
-/// Where `name` is the function name, which must match the function name defined in `prost`.
+/// Where `name` is the function name in `snake_case`, which must match the function name defined
+/// in `prost`.
 ///
-/// The allowed data types are listed in the `name` column of the appendix's [type matrix].
-/// Wildcards or `auto` can also be used, as explained below.
+/// `arg_types` is a comma-separated list of argument types. The allowed data types are listed in
+/// in the `name` column of the appendix's [type matrix]. Wildcards or `auto` can also be used, as
+/// explained below. If the function is variadic, the last argument can be denoted as `...`.
 ///
 /// When `setof` appears before the return type, this indicates that the function is a set-returning
 /// function (table function), meaning it can return multiple values instead of just one. For more
@@ -203,6 +206,21 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// Therefore, try to avoid returning `Option` and `Result` whenever possible.
 ///
+/// ## Variadic Function
+///
+/// Variadic functions accept a `impl Row` input to represent tailing arguments.
+/// For example:
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[function("concat_ws(varchar, ...) -> varchar")]
+/// fn concat_ws(sep: &str, vals: impl Row) -> Option<Box<str>> {
+///     let mut string_iter = vals.iter().flatten();
+///     // ...
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// See `risingwave_common::row::Row` for more details.
+///
 /// ## Functions Returning Strings
 ///
 /// For functions that return varchar types, you can also use the writer style function signature to
@@ -569,6 +587,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
     fn ident_name(&self) -> String {
         format!("{}_{}_{}", self.name, self.args.join("_"), self.ret)
             .replace("[]", "list")
+            .replace("...", "variadic")
             .replace(['<', '>', ' ', ','], "_")
             .replace("__", "_")
     }
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
index 53f224b79a773..f0868697757f7 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
@@ -40,9 +40,10 @@ const TYPE_MATRIX: &str = "
 /// Maps a data type to its corresponding data type name.
 pub fn data_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
     // XXX:
-    // For functions that contain `any` type, there are special handlings in the frontend,
-    // and the signature won't be accessed. So we simply return a placeholder here.
-    if ty == "any" {
+    // For functions that contain `any` type, or `...` variable arguments,
+    // there are special handlings in the frontend, and the signature won't be accessed.
+    // So we simply return a placeholder here.
+    if ty == "any" || ty == "..." {
         return "Int32";
     }
     lookup_matrix(ty, 1)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/error.rs b/src/expr/src/error.rs
index d1ae1eb35ad0c..1128c05e76a77 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/error.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ pub enum ExprError {
     #[error("field name must not be null")]
     FieldNameNull,
 
+    #[error("too few arguments for format()")]
+    TooFewArguments,
+
     #[error("invalid state: {0}")]
     InvalidState(String),
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
index 1f34adead8855..b2b6db6eafc3c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 use super::expr_array_transform::ArrayTransformExpression;
 use super::expr_case::CaseExpression;
 use super::expr_coalesce::CoalesceExpression;
-use super::expr_concat_ws::ConcatWsExpression;
 use super::expr_field::FieldExpression;
 use super::expr_in::InExpression;
-use super::expr_nested_construct::NestedConstructExpression;
 use super::expr_some_all::SomeAllExpression;
 use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
@@ -56,10 +54,7 @@ pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
         E::In => InExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Case => CaseExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Coalesce => CoalesceExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::ConcatWs => ConcatWsExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Field => FieldExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Array => NestedConstructExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Row => NestedConstructExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
         E::Vnode => VnodeExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
 
         _ => {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_concat_ws.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_concat_ws.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bca7d0aea75c..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_concat_ws.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-use std::fmt::Write;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, Utf8ArrayBuilder,
-};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ConcatWsExpression {
-    return_type: DataType,
-    sep_expr: BoxedExpression,
-    string_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for ConcatWsExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let sep_column = self.sep_expr.eval_checked(input).await?;
-        let sep_column = sep_column.as_utf8();
-
-        let mut string_columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.string_exprs.len());
-        for expr in &self.string_exprs {
-            string_columns.push(expr.eval_checked(input).await?);
-        }
-        let string_columns_ref = string_columns
-            .iter()
-            .map(|c| c.as_utf8())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        let row_len = input.capacity();
-        let vis = input.vis();
-        let mut builder = Utf8ArrayBuilder::new(row_len);
-
-        for row_idx in 0..row_len {
-            if !vis.is_set(row_idx) {
-                builder.append(None);
-                continue;
-            }
-            let sep = match sep_column.value_at(row_idx) {
-                Some(sep) => sep,
-                None => {
-                    builder.append(None);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            };
-
-            let mut writer = builder.writer().begin();
-
-            let mut string_columns = string_columns_ref.iter();
-            for string_column in string_columns.by_ref() {
-                if let Some(string) = string_column.value_at(row_idx) {
-                    writer.write_str(string).unwrap();
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            for string_column in string_columns {
-                if let Some(string) = string_column.value_at(row_idx) {
-                    writer.write_str(sep).unwrap();
-                    writer.write_str(string).unwrap();
-                }
-            }
-
-            writer.finish();
-        }
-        Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::from(builder.finish())))
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let sep = self.sep_expr.eval_row(input).await?;
-        let sep = match sep {
-            Some(sep) => sep,
-            None => return Ok(None),
-        };
-
-        let mut strings = Vec::with_capacity(self.string_exprs.len());
-        for expr in &self.string_exprs {
-            strings.push(expr.eval_row(input).await?);
-        }
-        let mut final_string = String::new();
-
-        let mut strings_iter = strings.iter();
-        if let Some(string) = strings_iter.by_ref().flatten().next() {
-            final_string.push_str(string.as_utf8())
-        }
-
-        for string in strings_iter.flatten() {
-            final_string.push_str(sep.as_utf8());
-            final_string.push_str(string.as_utf8());
-        }
-
-        Ok(Some(final_string.into()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl ConcatWsExpression {
-    pub fn new(
-        return_type: DataType,
-        sep_expr: BoxedExpression,
-        string_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        ConcatWsExpression {
-            return_type,
-            sep_expr,
-            string_exprs,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for ConcatWsExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::ConcatWs);
-
-        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-
-        let children = &func_call_node.children;
-        let sep_expr = expr_build_from_prost(&children[0])?;
-
-        let string_exprs = children[1..]
-            .iter()
-            .map(expr_build_from_prost)
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
-        Ok(ConcatWsExpression::new(ret_type, sep_expr, string_exprs))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use itertools::Itertools;
-    use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, DataChunkTestExt};
-    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-    use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::TypeName;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::PbDataType;
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::ConcatWs;
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
-
-    use crate::expr::expr_concat_ws::ConcatWsExpression;
-    use crate::expr::test_utils::make_input_ref;
-    use crate::expr::Expression;
-
-    pub fn make_concat_ws_function(children: Vec<ExprNode>, ret: TypeName) -> ExprNode {
-        ExprNode {
-            function_type: ConcatWs as i32,
-            return_type: Some(PbDataType {
-                type_name: ret as i32,
-                ..Default::default()
-            }),
-            rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(FunctionCall { children })),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_concat_ws_expr() {
-        let input_node1 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node2 = make_input_ref(1, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node3 = make_input_ref(2, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node4 = make_input_ref(3, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let concat_ws_expr = ConcatWsExpression::try_from(&make_concat_ws_function(
-            vec![input_node1, input_node2, input_node3, input_node4],
-            TypeName::Varchar,
-        ))
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let chunk = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "
-            T T T T
-            , a b c
-            . a b c
-            , . b c
-            , . . .
-            . . . .",
-        );
-
-        let actual = concat_ws_expr.eval(&chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let actual = actual
-            .iter()
-            .map(|r| r.map(|s| s.into_utf8()))
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        let expected = vec![Some("a,b,c"), None, Some("b,c"), Some(""), None];
-
-        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_row_concat_ws_expr() {
-        let input_node1 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node2 = make_input_ref(1, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node3 = make_input_ref(2, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let input_node4 = make_input_ref(3, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let concat_ws_expr = ConcatWsExpression::try_from(&make_concat_ws_function(
-            vec![input_node1, input_node2, input_node3, input_node4],
-            TypeName::Varchar,
-        ))
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let row_inputs = vec![
-            vec![Some(","), Some("a"), Some("b"), Some("c")],
-            vec![None, Some("a"), Some("b"), Some("c")],
-            vec![Some(","), None, Some("b"), Some("c")],
-            vec![Some(","), None, None, None],
-            vec![None, None, None, None],
-        ];
-
-        let expected = [Some("a,b,c"), None, Some("b,c"), Some(""), None];
-
-        for (i, row_input) in row_inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            let datum_vec: Vec<Datum> = row_input.iter().map(|e| e.map(|s| s.into())).collect();
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(datum_vec);
-
-            let result = concat_ws_expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = expected[i].map(|s| s.into());
-
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_nested_construct.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_nested_construct.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ece26ed138258..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_nested_construct.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::array::{
-    ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk, ListArrayBuilder, ListValue, StructArray,
-    StructValue,
-};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, Scalar};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
-
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct NestedConstructExpression {
-    data_type: DataType,
-    elements: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for NestedConstructExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.data_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.elements.len());
-        for e in &self.elements {
-            columns.push(e.eval_checked(input).await?);
-        }
-
-        if let DataType::Struct(ty) = &self.data_type {
-            let array = StructArray::new(ty.clone(), columns, input.vis().to_bitmap());
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::Struct(array)))
-        } else if let DataType::List { .. } = &self.data_type {
-            let chunk = DataChunk::new(columns, input.vis().clone());
-            let mut builder = ListArrayBuilder::with_type(input.capacity(), self.data_type.clone());
-            for row in chunk.rows_with_holes() {
-                if let Some(row) = row {
-                    builder.append_row_ref(row);
-                } else {
-                    builder.append_null();
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrayImpl::List(builder.finish())))
-        } else {
-            Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                "expects struct or list type".to_string(),
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let mut datums = Vec::with_capacity(self.elements.len());
-        for e in &self.elements {
-            datums.push(e.eval_row(input).await?);
-        }
-        if let DataType::Struct { .. } = &self.data_type {
-            Ok(Some(StructValue::new(datums).to_scalar_value()))
-        } else if let DataType::List(_) = &self.data_type {
-            Ok(Some(ListValue::new(datums).to_scalar_value()))
-        } else {
-            Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
-                "expects struct or list type".to_string(),
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl NestedConstructExpression {
-    pub fn new(data_type: DataType, elements: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Self {
-        NestedConstructExpression {
-            data_type,
-            elements,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for NestedConstructExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        ensure!([Type::Array, Type::Row].contains(&prost.get_function_type().unwrap()));
-
-        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
-        let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call_node) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
-            bail!("Expected RexNode::FuncCall");
-        };
-        let elements = func_call_node
-            .children
-            .iter()
-            .map(expr_build_from_prost)
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<BoxedExpression>>>()?;
-        Ok(NestedConstructExpression::new(ret_type, elements))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, ListValue};
-    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Scalar, ScalarImpl};
-
-    use super::NestedConstructExpression;
-    use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, LiteralExpression};
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_array_expr() {
-        let expr = NestedConstructExpression {
-            data_type: DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
-            elements: vec![i32_expr(1.into()), i32_expr(2.into())],
-        };
-
-        let arr = expr.eval(&DataChunk::new_dummy(2)).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_row_array_expr() {
-        let expr = NestedConstructExpression {
-            data_type: DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
-            elements: vec![i32_expr(1.into()), i32_expr(2.into())],
-        };
-
-        let scalar_impl = expr
-            .eval_row(&OwnedRow::new(vec![]))
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-        let expected = ListValue::new(vec![Some(1.into()), Some(2.into())]).to_scalar_value();
-        assert_eq!(expected, scalar_impl);
-    }
-
-    fn i32_expr(v: ScalarImpl) -> BoxedExpression {
-        Box::new(LiteralExpression::new(DataType::Int32, Some(v)))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
index 8a424f4908448..33509506753fa 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -37,12 +37,10 @@ mod expr_binary_nonnull;
 mod expr_binary_nullable;
 mod expr_case;
 mod expr_coalesce;
-mod expr_concat_ws;
 mod expr_field;
 mod expr_in;
 mod expr_input_ref;
 mod expr_literal;
-mod expr_nested_construct;
 mod expr_some_all;
 pub(crate) mod expr_udf;
 mod expr_unary;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
index 6e665ead3fc40..e8e0d19ec11d7 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
@@ -40,30 +40,30 @@ pub fn func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static FuncSign> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<(PbType, usize), Vec<FuncSign>>);
+pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<PbType, Vec<FuncSign>>);
 
 impl FuncSigMap {
     /// Inserts a function signature.
     pub fn insert(&mut self, desc: FuncSign) {
-        self.0
-            .entry((desc.func, desc.inputs_type.len()))
-            .or_default()
-            .push(desc)
+        self.0.entry(desc.func).or_default().push(desc)
     }
 
     /// Returns a function signature with the same type, argument types and return type.
     /// Deprecated functions are included.
     pub fn get(&self, ty: PbType, args: &[DataTypeName], ret: DataTypeName) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&(ty, args.len()))?;
+        let v = self.0.get(&ty)?;
         v.iter()
-            .find(|d| d.inputs_type == args && d.ret_type == ret)
+            .find(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type == args) && d.ret_type == ret)
     }
 
     /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
     /// Deprecated functions are excluded.
     pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, ty: PbType, nargs: usize) -> Vec<&FuncSign> {
-        match self.0.get(&(ty, nargs)) {
-            Some(v) => v.iter().filter(|d| !d.deprecated).collect(),
+        match self.0.get(&ty) {
+            Some(v) => v
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type.len() == nargs) && !d.deprecated)
+                .collect(),
             None => vec![],
         }
     }
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ impl FuncSigMap {
 pub struct FuncSign {
     pub func: PbType,
     pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
+    pub variadic: bool,
     pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
     pub build: fn(return_type: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
     /// Whether the function is deprecated and should not be used in the frontend.
@@ -128,11 +129,10 @@ mod tests {
         // convert FUNC_SIG_MAP to a more convenient map for testing
         let mut new_map: BTreeMap<PbType, BTreeMap<Vec<DataTypeName>, Vec<FuncSign>>> =
             BTreeMap::new();
-        for ((func, num_args), sigs) in &FUNC_SIG_MAP.0 {
+        for (func, sigs) in &FUNC_SIG_MAP.0 {
             for sig in sigs {
                 // validate the FUNC_SIG_MAP is consistent
                 assert_eq!(func, &sig.func);
-                assert_eq!(num_args, &sig.inputs_type.len());
                 // exclude deprecated functions
                 if sig.deprecated {
                     continue;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..26f1fa2492064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StructValue};
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+#[function("array(...) -> list")]
+fn array(row: impl Row) -> ListValue {
+    ListValue::new(row.iter().map(|d| d.to_owned_datum()).collect())
+}
+
+#[function("row(...) -> struct")]
+fn row_(row: impl Row) -> StructValue {
+    StructValue::new(row.iter().map(|d| d.to_owned_datum()).collect())
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..293adb3079c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+/// Concatenates all but the first argument, with separators. The first argument is used as the
+/// separator string, and should not be NULL. Other NULL arguments are ignored.
+#[function("concat_ws(varchar, ...) -> varchar")]
+fn concat_ws(sep: &str, vals: impl Row, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Option<()> {
+    let mut string_iter = vals.iter().flatten();
+    if let Some(string) = string_iter.next() {
+        string.write(writer).unwrap();
+    }
+    for string in string_iter {
+        write!(writer, "{}", sep).unwrap();
+        string.write(writer).unwrap();
+    }
+    Some(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
+    use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+    use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
+    use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
+    use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+
+    use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_concat_ws() {
+        let concat_ws =
+            build_from_pretty("(concat_ws:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar $2:varchar $3:varchar)");
+        let (input, expected) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "T T T T  T
+             , a b c  a,b,c
+             , . b c  b,c
+             . a b c  .
+             , . . .  (empty)
+             . . . .  .",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(4);
+
+        // test eval
+        let output = concat_ws.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&output, expected.column_at(0));
+
+        // test eval_row
+        for (row, expected) in input.rows().zip_eq_debug(expected.rows()) {
+            let result = concat_ws.eval_row(&row.to_owned_row()).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(result, expected.datum_at(0).to_owned_datum());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/format.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs
similarity index 50%
rename from src/common/src/format.rs
rename to src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs
index 4bd5e8c905a4d..081a1e2ef1fb6 100644
--- a/src/common/src/format.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,53 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use thiserror::Error;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use super::string::quote_ident;
+use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+
+/// Formats arguments according to a format string.
+#[function(
+    "format(varchar, ...) -> varchar",
+    prebuild = "Formatter::from_str($0).map_err(|e| ExprError::Parse(e.to_string().into()))?"
+)]
+fn format(formatter: &Formatter, row: impl Row, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut args = row.iter();
+    for node in &formatter.nodes {
+        match node {
+            FormatterNode::Literal(literal) => writer.write_str(literal).unwrap(),
+            FormatterNode::Specifier(sp) => {
+                let arg = args.next().ok_or(ExprError::TooFewArguments)?;
+                match sp.ty {
+                    SpecifierType::SimpleString => {
+                        if let Some(scalar) = arg {
+                            scalar.write(writer).unwrap();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    SpecifierType::SqlIdentifier => match arg {
+                        Some(ScalarRefImpl::Utf8(arg)) => quote_ident(arg, writer),
+                        _ => {
+                            return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
+                                "unsupported data for specifier type 'I'".to_string(),
+                            ))
+                        }
+                    },
+                    SpecifierType::SqlLiteral => {
+                        return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
+                            "unsupported specifier type 'L'".to_string(),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
 
 /// The type of format conversion to use to produce the format specifier's output.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -31,7 +77,7 @@ pub enum SpecifierType {
 impl TryFrom<char> for SpecifierType {
     type Error = ();
 
-    fn try_from(c: char) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_from(c: char) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match c {
             's' => Ok(SpecifierType::SimpleString),
             'I' => Ok(SpecifierType::SqlIdentifier),
@@ -42,34 +88,36 @@ impl TryFrom<char> for SpecifierType {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Specifier {
+struct Specifier {
     // TODO: support position, flags and width.
-    pub ty: SpecifierType,
+    ty: SpecifierType,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum FormatterNode {
+enum FormatterNode {
     Specifier(Specifier),
     Literal(String),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Formatter {
+struct Formatter {
     nodes: Vec<FormatterNode>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub enum ParseFormatError {
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+enum ParseFormatError {
     #[error("unrecognized format() type specifier \"{0}\"")]
     UnrecognizedSpecifierType(char),
     #[error("unterminated format() type specifier")]
     UnterminatedSpecifier,
 }
 
-impl Formatter {
+impl FromStr for Formatter {
+    type Err = ParseFormatError;
+
     /// Parse the format string into a high-efficient representation.
     /// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-FORMAT>
-    pub fn parse(format: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseFormatError> {
+    fn from_str(format: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, ParseFormatError> {
         // 8 is a good magic number here, it can cover an input like 'Testing %s, %s, %s, %%'.
         let mut nodes = Vec::with_capacity(8);
         let mut after_percent = false;
@@ -106,8 +154,38 @@ impl Formatter {
 
         Ok(Formatter { nodes })
     }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
+    use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+    use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
+    use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
+    use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 
-    pub fn nodes(&self) -> &[FormatterNode] {
-        &self.nodes
+    use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_format() {
+        let format = build_from_pretty("(format:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar $2:varchar)");
+        let (input, expected) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "T          T       T       T
+             Hello%s    World   .       HelloWorld
+             %s%s       Hello   World   HelloWorld
+             %I         &&      .       \"&&\"
+             .          a       b       .",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(3);
+
+        // test eval
+        let output = format.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&output, expected.column_at(0));
+
+        // test eval_row
+        for (row, expected) in input.rows().zip_eq_debug(expected.rows()) {
+            let result = format.eval_row(&row.to_owned_row()).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(result, expected.datum_at(0).to_owned_datum());
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
index 7125ca33ec3de..0027abfa65542 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 pub mod arithmetic_op;
+pub mod array;
 pub mod array_access;
 pub mod array_concat;
 pub mod array_distinct;
@@ -31,12 +32,14 @@ pub mod cardinality;
 pub mod cast;
 pub mod cmp;
 pub mod concat_op;
+pub mod concat_ws;
 pub mod conjunction;
 pub mod date_trunc;
 pub mod delay;
 pub mod encdec;
 pub mod exp;
 pub mod extract;
+pub mod format;
 pub mod format_type;
 pub mod int256;
 pub mod jsonb_access;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/format.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/format.yaml
index 010d188766555..dd0df4dcd02df 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/format.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/format.yaml
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@
     CREATE TABLE t1(v1 varchar, v2 int, v3 int);
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%', v1, v2, v3) FROM t1;
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_plan
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %%', 'one', 'two');
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_error
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %', 'one', 'two', 'three');
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_error
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %f, %d, %', 'one', 'two', 'three');
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_error
 - sql: |
     SELECT format();
   expected_outputs:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/format.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/format.yaml
index 06ace2257308c..1c42a0f9252ac 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/format.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/format.yaml
@@ -7,38 +7,24 @@
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%', v1, v2, v3) FROM t1;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchProject { exprs: [ConcatWs('':Varchar, 'Testing ':Varchar, t1.v1, ', ':Varchar, QuoteIdent(t1.v2), ', ':Varchar, t1.v3::Varchar, ', %':Varchar) as $expr1] }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [Format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%':Varchar, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1.v3::Varchar) as $expr1] }
       └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1.v3], distribution: SomeShard }
 - sql: |
     CREATE TABLE t1(v1 varchar, v2 int, v3 int);
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%', v1, v2, v3) FROM t1;
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%', v1, v2, v3)
-
-    Caused by:
-      Feature is not yet implemented: QuoteIdent[Int32]
-    Tracking issue: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/112
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [Format('Testing %s, %I, %s, %%':Varchar, t1.v1, t1.v2::Varchar, t1.v3::Varchar) as $expr1] }
+      └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1.v3], distribution: SomeShard }
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %%', 'one', 'two');
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %%', 'one', 'two')
-
-    Caused by:
-      Bind error: Function `format` required 3 arguments based on the `formatstr`, but 2 found.
+  batch_error: 'Expr error: too few arguments for format()'
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %', 'one', 'two', 'three');
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: format('Testing %s, %s, %s, %', 'one', 'two', 'three')
-
-    Caused by:
-      Bind error: unterminated format() type specifier
+  batch_error: 'Expr error: Parse error: unterminated format() type specifier'
 - sql: |
     SELECT format('Testing %s, %f, %d, %', 'one', 'two', 'three');
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: format('Testing %s, %f, %d, %', 'one', 'two', 'three')
-
-    Caused by:
-      Bind error: unrecognized format() type specifier "f"
+  batch_error: 'Expr error: Parse error: unrecognized format() type specifier "f"'
 - sql: |
     SELECT format();
   binder_error: |-
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index c3bdf1febcccb..44c79a1620c79 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::format::{Formatter, FormatterNode, SpecifierType};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::USER_NAME_WILD_CARD;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
@@ -755,7 +754,7 @@ impl Binder {
                     rewrite(ExprType::ConcatWs, Binder::rewrite_concat_to_concat_ws),
                 ),
                 ("concat_ws", raw_call(ExprType::ConcatWs)),
-                ("format", rewrite(ExprType::ConcatWs, Binder::rewrite_format_to_concat_ws)),
+                ("format", raw_call(ExprType::Format)),
                 ("translate", raw_call(ExprType::Translate)),
                 ("split_part", raw_call(ExprType::SplitPart)),
                 ("char_length", raw_call(ExprType::CharLength)),
@@ -1204,75 +1203,6 @@ impl Binder {
         }
     }
 
-    fn rewrite_format_to_concat_ws(inputs: Vec<ExprImpl>) -> Result<Vec<ExprImpl>> {
-        let Some((format_expr, args)) = inputs.split_first() else {
-            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                "Function `format` takes at least 1 arguments (0 given)".to_string(),
-            )
-            .into());
-        };
-        let ExprImpl::Literal(expr_literal) = format_expr else {
-            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                "Function `format` takes a literal string as the first argument".to_string(),
-            )
-            .into());
-        };
-        let Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(format_str)) = expr_literal.get_data() else {
-            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                "Function `format` takes a literal string as the first argument".to_string(),
-            )
-            .into());
-        };
-        let formatter = Formatter::parse(format_str)
-            .map_err(|err| -> RwError { ErrorCode::BindError(err.to_string()).into() })?;
-
-        let specifier_count = formatter
-            .nodes()
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|f_node| matches!(f_node, FormatterNode::Specifier(_)))
-            .count();
-        if specifier_count != args.len() {
-            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
-                "Function `format` required {} arguments based on the `formatstr`, but {} found.",
-                specifier_count,
-                args.len()
-            ))
-            .into());
-        }
-
-        // iter the args.
-        let mut j = 0;
-        let new_args = [Ok(ExprImpl::literal_varchar("".to_string()))]
-            .into_iter()
-            .chain(formatter.nodes().iter().map(move |f_node| -> Result<_> {
-                let new_arg = match f_node {
-                    FormatterNode::Specifier(sp) => {
-                        // We've checked the count.
-                        let arg = &args[j];
-                        j += 1;
-                        match sp.ty {
-                            SpecifierType::SimpleString => arg.clone(),
-                            SpecifierType::SqlIdentifier => {
-                                FunctionCall::new(ExprType::QuoteIdent, vec![arg.clone()])?.into()
-                            }
-                            SpecifierType::SqlLiteral => {
-                                return Err::<_, RwError>(
-                                    ErrorCode::BindError(
-                                        "unsupported specifier type 'L'".to_string(),
-                                    )
-                                    .into(),
-                                )
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    FormatterNode::Literal(literal) => ExprImpl::literal_varchar(literal.clone()),
-                };
-                Ok(new_arg)
-            }))
-            .try_collect()?;
-        Ok(new_args)
-    }
-
     /// Make sure inputs only have 2 value and rewrite the arguments.
     /// Nullif(expr1,expr2) -> Case(Equal(expr1 = expr2),null,expr1).
     fn rewrite_nullif_to_case_when(inputs: Vec<ExprImpl>) -> Result<Vec<ExprImpl>> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index f359b3bcea642..69be8376b46ca 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -342,6 +342,21 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
                 .try_collect()?;
             Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
         }
+        ExprType::Format => {
+            ensure_arity!("format", 1 <= | inputs |);
+            let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
+            *inputs = inputs_owned
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, input)| match i {
+                    // 0-th arg must be string
+                    0 => input.cast_implicit(DataType::Varchar).map_err(Into::into),
+                    // subsequent can be any type, using the output format
+                    _ => input.cast_output(),
+                })
+                .try_collect()?;
+            Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
+        }
         ExprType::IsNotNull => {
             ensure_arity!("is_not_null", | inputs | == 1);
             match inputs[0].return_type() {
@@ -1203,6 +1218,7 @@ mod tests {
                 sig_map.insert(FuncSign {
                     func: DUMMY_FUNC,
                     inputs_type: formals,
+                    variadic: false,
                     ret_type: DUMMY_RET,
                     build: |_, _| unreachable!(),
                     deprecated: false,

From 31fdc265c0ab7ed22fc081e71c5af3c3d88f82a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2023 21:01:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 079/430] feat(expr): switch to `fancy-regex` crate & update
 the original version (#12329)

Co-authored-by: xzhseh <xzhseh@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 21 +++++++++++++
 e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part            | 24 +++++++++++++++
 src/expr/Cargo.toml                           |  1 +
 src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs |  1 +
 src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs              | 30 ++++++++++++-------
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9e73822d5a77d..b6a0183a9f564 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1160,6 +1160,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0700ddab506f33b20a03b13996eccd309a48e5ff77d0d95926aa0210fb4e95f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -2668,6 +2677,16 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4443176a9f2c162692bd3d352d745ef9413eec5782a80d8fd6f8a1ac692a07f7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fancy-regex"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b95f7c0680e4142284cf8b22c14a476e87d61b004a3a0861872b32ef7ead40a2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-set",
+ "regex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "faster-hex"
 version = "0.8.1"
@@ -6967,6 +6986,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "easy-ext",
  "either",
  "expect-test",
+ "fancy-regex",
  "futures",
  "futures-async-stream",
  "futures-util",
@@ -10031,6 +10051,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-smithy-client",
  "axum",
  "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
index 22c07c7dd2b45..ec60f6512406d 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
@@ -570,6 +570,30 @@ select regexp_replace('💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar亲爱的😭baz这不
 ----
 💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar亲爱的😭这是🥵爱情❤️‍🔥
 
+# Positive Lookahead
+query T
+select regexp_replace('foobarbaz', 'a(?=r)', 'X');
+----
+foobXrbaz
+
+# Negative Lookahead
+query T
+select regexp_replace('chocolate', 'o(?!c)', 'X');
+----
+chocXlate
+
+# Positive Lookbehind
+query T
+select regexp_replace('foobarXaz', '(?<=X)a', 'X');
+----
+foobarXXz
+
+# Negative Lookbehind
+query T
+select regexp_replace('foobarXaz', '(?<!X)a', 'X');
+----
+foobXrXaz
+
 query T
 select regexp_count('ABCABCAXYaxy', 'A.');
 ----
diff --git a/src/expr/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/Cargo.toml
index 0d575232a10a4..3736cb15700d7 100644
--- a/src/expr/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/expr/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ ctor = "0.2"
 downcast-rs = "1.2"
 easy-ext = "1"
 either = "1"
+fancy-regex = "0.11.0"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 futures-util = "0.3"
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
index 4e3b104354008..8a16b84b2bc5c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ fn regexp_matches<'a>(
         // ignored in PostgreSQL's behavior.
         let skip_flag = regex.regex.captures_len() > 1;
         let list = capture
+            .unwrap()
             .iter()
             .skip(if skip_flag { 1 } else { 0 })
             .map(|mat| mat.map(|m| m.as_str().into()))
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
index 9cf713551cff4..0962d0bf16c4f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
-use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
+use fancy_regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 
@@ -32,10 +32,17 @@ pub struct RegexpContext {
 impl RegexpContext {
     fn new(pattern: &str, flags: &str, replacement: &str) -> Result<Self> {
         let options = RegexpOptions::from_str(flags)?;
+
+        let origin = if options.case_insensitive {
+            format!("(?i:{})", pattern)
+        } else {
+            pattern.to_string()
+        };
+
         Ok(Self {
-            regex: RegexBuilder::new(pattern)
-                .case_insensitive(options.case_insensitive)
-                .build()?,
+            regex: RegexBuilder::new(&origin)
+                .build()
+                .map_err(|e| ExprError::Parse(e.to_string().into()))?,
             global: options.global,
             replacement: make_replacement(replacement),
         })
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ fn regexp_match(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Option<ListValue> {
     // If there are multiple captures, then the first one is the whole match, and should be
     // ignored in PostgreSQL's behavior.
     let skip_first = regex.regex.captures_len() > 1;
-    let capture = regex.regex.captures(text)?;
+    let capture = regex.regex.captures(text).unwrap()?;
     let list = capture
         .iter()
         .skip(if skip_first { 1 } else { 0 })
@@ -190,7 +197,7 @@ fn regexp_count(text: &str, start: i32, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
     };
 
     let mut count = 0;
-    while let Some(captures) = regex.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+    while let Ok(Some(captures)) = regex.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
         count += 1;
         start += captures.get(0).unwrap().end();
     }
@@ -297,7 +304,7 @@ fn regexp_replace(
             let mut ret = text[..search_start].to_string();
 
             // Begin the actual replace logic
-            while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
+            while let Ok(Some(capture)) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
                 let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
                 let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
 
@@ -344,7 +351,7 @@ fn regexp_replace(
                 let mut count = 1;
                 // The absolute index for the start of searching
                 let mut search_start = start;
-                while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
+                while let Ok(Some(capture)) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[search_start..]) {
                     // Get the current start & end index
                     let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
                     let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@ fn regexp_replace(
             if let Some(n) = n {
                 // Replace only the N-th match
                 let mut count = 1;
-                while let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+                while let Ok(Some(capture)) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
                     if count == n {
                         // We've reached the pattern to replace
                         let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
@@ -406,12 +413,13 @@ fn regexp_replace(
                 }
             } else {
                 // `N` is not specified
-                if ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]).is_none() {
+                if let Ok(None) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
                     // No match
                     return Ok(text.into());
                 }
+
                 // Otherwise replace the source text
-                if let Some(capture) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
+                if let Ok(Some(capture)) = ctx.regex.captures(&text[start..]) {
                     let match_start = capture.get(0).unwrap().start();
                     let match_end = capture.get(0).unwrap().end();
 
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 63cf30bf854df..e4f7f52a66ca3 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features =
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
 base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
+bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features =
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
 base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
+bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }

From 8ef74ad37194848ab7c75c7d39d503ad1d64025f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2023 12:16:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 080/430] fix(udf): handle visibility of input chunks in UDTF
 (#12357)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/udf/udf.slt                        | 29 ++++++++++++++++
 src/common/src/array/arrow.rs               |  6 ++--
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs          | 22 ++++++++++++
 src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs          |  4 +--
 src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs | 38 ++++++++++++++++-----
 5 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt b/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
index 33579a825832e..110b1c0f373dd 100644
--- a/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
@@ -224,6 +224,35 @@ select (extract_tcp_info(E'\\x45000034a8a8400040065b8ac0a8000ec0a80001035d20b6d9
 ----
 192.168.0.14 192.168.0.1 861 8374
 
+# steaming
+# to ensure UDF & UDTF respect visibility
+
+statement ok
+create table t (x int);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv as select gcd(x, x), series(x) from t where x <> 2;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1), (2), (3);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query II
+select * from mv;
+----
+1 0
+3 0
+3 1
+3 2
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
+
 # error handling
 
 statement error
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
index 9b4165b608d98..0f89e6b4f53f4 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use crate::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 
 // Implement bi-directional `From` between `DataChunk` and `arrow_array::RecordBatch`.
 
+// note: DataChunk -> arrow RecordBatch will IGNORE the visibilities.
 impl TryFrom<&DataChunk> for arrow_array::RecordBatch {
     type Error = ArrayError;
 
@@ -47,8 +48,9 @@ impl TryFrom<&DataChunk> for arrow_array::RecordBatch {
             .collect();
 
         let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(fields));
-
-        arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new(schema, columns)
+        let opts =
+            arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(chunk.capacity()));
+        arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(schema, columns, &opts)
             .map_err(|err| ArrayError::ToArrow(err.to_string()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
index cc4bef12cccff..657dfd3c366f9 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::hash::BuildHasher;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -265,6 +266,27 @@ impl DataChunk {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Convert the chunk to compact format.
+    ///
+    /// If the chunk is not compacted, return a new compacted chunk, otherwise return a reference to self.
+    pub fn compact_cow(&self) -> Cow<'_, Self> {
+        match &self.vis2 {
+            Vis::Compact(_) => Cow::Borrowed(self),
+            Vis::Bitmap(visibility) => {
+                let cardinality = visibility.count_ones();
+                let columns = self
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|col| {
+                        let array = col;
+                        array.compact(visibility, cardinality).into()
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                Cow::Owned(Self::new(columns, cardinality))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn from_protobuf(proto: &PbDataChunk) -> ArrayResult<Self> {
         let mut columns = vec![];
         for any_col in proto.get_columns() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
index 23453d9f7b956..245eebd7f3720 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub trait TableFunction: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     /// # Contract of the output
     ///
     /// The returned `DataChunk` contains exact two columns:
-    /// - The first column is an I32Array containing row indexes of input chunk. It should be
+    /// - The first column is an I32Array containing row indices of input chunk. It should be
     ///   monotonically increasing.
     /// - The second column is the output values. The data type of the column is `return_type`.
     ///
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub trait TableFunction: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     /// (You don't need to understand this section to implement a `TableFunction`)
     ///
     /// The output of the `TableFunction` is different from the output of the `ProjectSet` executor.
-    /// `ProjectSet` executor uses the row indexes to stitch multiple table functions and produces
+    /// `ProjectSet` executor uses the row indices to stitch multiple table functions and produces
     /// `projected_row_id`.
     ///
     /// ## Example
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 7b0385854c544..813cf23504482 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use arrow_array::RecordBatch;
 use arrow_schema::{Field, Fields, Schema, SchemaRef};
 use futures_util::stream;
-use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
+use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, I32Array};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_udf::ArrowFlightUdfClient;
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ use super::*;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct UserDefinedTableFunction {
     children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     arg_schema: SchemaRef,
     return_type: DataType,
     client: Arc<ArrowFlightUdfClient>,
@@ -49,25 +51,42 @@ impl TableFunction for UserDefinedTableFunction {
 impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
     #[try_stream(boxed, ok = DataChunk, error = ExprError)]
     async fn eval_inner<'a>(&'a self, input: &'a DataChunk) {
+        // evaluate children expressions
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for c in &self.children {
-            let val = c.eval_checked(input).await?.as_ref().try_into()?;
+            let val = c.eval_checked(input).await?;
             columns.push(val);
         }
+        let direct_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.vis().clone());
+
+        // compact the input chunk and record the row mapping
+        let visible_rows = direct_input.vis().iter_ones().collect_vec();
+        let compacted_input = direct_input.compact_cow();
+        let arrow_input = RecordBatch::try_from(compacted_input.as_ref())?;
 
-        let opts =
-            arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(input.cardinality()));
-        let input =
-            arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(self.arg_schema.clone(), columns, &opts)
-                .expect("failed to build record batch");
+        // call UDTF
         #[for_await]
         for res in self
             .client
-            .call_stream(&self.identifier, stream::once(async { input }))
+            .call_stream(&self.identifier, stream::once(async { arrow_input }))
             .await?
         {
             let output = DataChunk::try_from(&res?)?;
             self.check_output(&output)?;
+
+            // we send the compacted input to UDF, so we need to map the row indices back to the original input
+            let origin_indices = output
+                .column_at(0)
+                .as_int32()
+                .raw_iter()
+                // we have checked all indices are non-negative
+                .map(|idx| visible_rows[idx as usize] as i32)
+                .collect::<I32Array>();
+
+            let output = DataChunk::new(
+                vec![origin_indices.into_ref(), output.column_at(1).clone()],
+                output.vis().clone(),
+            );
             yield output;
         }
     }
@@ -87,6 +106,9 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
                 DataType::Int32,
             );
         }
+        if output.column_at(0).as_int32().raw_iter().any(|i| i < 0) {
+            bail!("UDF returned negative row index");
+        }
         if !output
             .column_at(1)
             .data_type()

From a975d9346333c53f34c6f73793fb718076177d7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2023 19:04:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 081/430] fix: handle kafka sink message timeout error (#12350)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 72234bcbbb907..34403c4e44ad4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -434,7 +434,14 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
                 Err((e, rec)) => {
                     record = rec;
                     match e {
-                        KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull) => {
+                        err @ KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull)
+                        | err @ KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::MessageTimedOut) => {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                "producing message (key {:?}) to topic {} failed, err {:?}, retrying",
+                                record.key.map(|k| k.to_bytes()),
+                                record.topic,
+                                err
+                            );
                             tokio::time::sleep(self.config.retry_interval).await;
                             continue;
                         }

From f304ed214295b26fd068ef4e408524ef095a9c7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2023 20:20:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 082/430] revert: Revert "chore: add platforms to hakari
 (#12333)" (#12363)

---
 .config/hakari.toml           |   8 +-
 Cargo.lock                    |  14 ----
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml | 144 ----------------------------------
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 162 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index e3e58e80cbf16..fd5ad4473184f 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ resolver = "2"
 # Add triples corresponding to platforms commonly used by developers here.
 # https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support.html
 platforms = [
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    # "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    # "aarch64-apple-darwin",
 ]
 
 # Write out exact versions rather than a semver range. (Defaults to false.)
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b6a0183a9f564..6cb0662b32155 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10049,7 +10049,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
- "axum",
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
@@ -10092,18 +10091,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "memchr",
- "mime_guess",
- "miniz_oxide",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
- "openssl-sys",
- "opentelemetry",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -10118,15 +10111,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "rdkafka-sys",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
- "rustix 0.38.11",
- "rustls 0.21.7",
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -10135,8 +10125,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
- "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
- "tikv-jemallocator",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10148,7 +10136,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml_edit",
  "tonic",
  "tower",
- "tower-http",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -10157,7 +10144,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "url",
  "uuid",
  "zeroize",
- "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index e4f7f52a66ca3..603619f3a8b27 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -217,148 +217,4 @@ url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
 zeroize = { version = "1", features = ["zeroize_derive"] }
 
-[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From 1877aed241f9db69468fb7122bf8540ffc7b4dd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 13:49:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 083/430] refactor(sink): impl SinkFormatter for AppendOnly and
 Upsert (#12321)

---
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                      |  1 +
 .../src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs         | 55 +++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       | 50 ++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs    | 61 ++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               | 72 +++++++----------
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             | 81 +++++++++----------
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 | 41 ++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs               | 48 -----------
 8 files changed, 274 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 75a895a5f80cd..f103346bf14fa 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
+#![feature(iter_from_generator)]
 
 use std::time::Duration;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ba7d018cd7fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::Op;
+
+use super::{Result, SinkFormatter, StreamChunk};
+use crate::sink::encoder::RowEncoder;
+use crate::tri;
+
+pub struct AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    key_encoder: KE,
+    val_encoder: VE,
+}
+
+impl<KE, VE> AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    pub fn new(key_encoder: KE, val_encoder: VE) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<KE: RowEncoder, VE: RowEncoder> SinkFormatter for AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    type K = KE::Output;
+    type V = VE::Output;
+
+    fn format_chunk(
+        &self,
+        chunk: &StreamChunk,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Self::K>, Option<Self::V>)>> {
+        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+            for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+                if op != Op::Insert {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let event_key_object = Some(tri!(self.key_encoder.encode(row)));
+                let event_object = Some(tri!(self.val_encoder.encode(row)));
+
+                yield Ok((event_key_object, event_object))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..432e4d33e0f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+
+use crate::sink::Result;
+
+mod append_only;
+mod upsert;
+
+pub use append_only::AppendOnlyFormatter;
+pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
+
+/// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
+/// for example append-only, upsert or debezium.
+pub trait SinkFormatter {
+    type K;
+    type V;
+
+    fn format_chunk(
+        &self,
+        chunk: &StreamChunk,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Self::K>, Option<Self::V>)>>;
+}
+
+/// `tri!` in generators yield `Err` and return `()`
+/// `?` in generators return `Err`
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! tri {
+    ($expr:expr) => {
+        match $expr {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => {
+                yield Err(err);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6ef2b5f2ca333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::Op;
+
+use super::{Result, SinkFormatter, StreamChunk};
+use crate::sink::encoder::RowEncoder;
+use crate::tri;
+
+pub struct UpsertFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    key_encoder: KE,
+    val_encoder: VE,
+}
+
+impl<KE, VE> UpsertFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    pub fn new(key_encoder: KE, val_encoder: VE) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<KE: RowEncoder, VE: RowEncoder> SinkFormatter for UpsertFormatter<KE, VE> {
+    type K = KE::Output;
+    type V = VE::Output;
+
+    fn format_chunk(
+        &self,
+        chunk: &StreamChunk,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Self::K>, Option<Self::V>)>> {
+        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+            for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+                let event_key_object = Some(tri!(self.key_encoder.encode(row)));
+
+                let event_object = match op {
+                    Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => Some(tri!(self.val_encoder.encode(row))),
+                    // Empty value with a key
+                    Op::Delete => None,
+                    Op::UpdateDelete => {
+                        // upsert semantic does not require update delete event
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                yield Ok((event_key_object, event_object))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 34403c4e44ad4..378c4ee8d930a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -30,19 +30,16 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::Value;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
 use super::{
-    Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
+    SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
-use crate::sink::utils::{
-    gen_append_only_message_stream, gen_debezium_message_stream, gen_upsert_message_stream,
-    AppendOnlyAdapterOpts, DebeziumAdapterOpts, UpsertAdapterOpts,
-};
+use crate::sink::utils::{gen_debezium_message_stream, DebeziumAdapterOpts};
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
 };
@@ -460,20 +457,20 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         ret
     }
 
-    async fn write_json_objects(
+    async fn write_inner(
         &mut self,
-        event_key_object: Option<Value>,
-        event_object: Option<Value>,
+        event_key_object: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+        event_object: Option<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let topic = self.config.common.topic.clone();
         // here we assume the key part always exists and value part is optional.
         // if value is None, we will skip the payload part.
-        let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap().to_string();
-        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(topic.as_str()).key(key_str.as_bytes());
+        let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap();
+        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(topic.as_str()).key(&key_str);
         let payload;
         if let Some(value) = event_object {
-            payload = value.to_string();
-            record = record.payload(payload.as_bytes());
+            payload = value;
+            record = record.payload(&payload);
         }
         // Send the data but not wait it to finish sinking
         // Will join all `DeliveryFuture` during commit
@@ -544,8 +541,11 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         #[for_await]
         for msg in dbz_stream {
             let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            self.write_json_objects(event_key_object, event_object)
-                .await?;
+            self.write_inner(
+                event_key_object.map(|j| j.to_string().into_bytes()),
+                event_object.map(|j| j.to_string().into_bytes()),
+            )
+            .await?;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -559,20 +559,9 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
         // Initialize the upsert_stream
-        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
-            chunk,
-            UpsertAdapterOpts::default(),
-            key_encoder,
-            val_encoder,
-        );
+        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
 
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in upsert_stream {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            self.write_json_objects(event_key_object, event_object)
-                .await?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
     async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
@@ -584,20 +573,18 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
         // Initialize the append_only_stream
-        let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
-            chunk,
-            AppendOnlyAdapterOpts::default(),
-            key_encoder,
-            val_encoder,
-        );
+        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
 
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in append_only_stream {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            self.write_json_objects(event_key_object, event_object)
-                .await?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl FormattedSink for KafkaSinkWriter {
+    type K = Vec<u8>;
+    type V = Vec<u8>;
+
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_inner(k, v).await
     }
 }
 
@@ -652,6 +639,7 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+    use serde_json::Value;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::sink::utils::*;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index b73b48771c2bd..e319984de8a34 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -29,13 +29,11 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
-use super::SinkParam;
+use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
+use super::{FormattedSink, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use crate::sink::utils::{
-    gen_append_only_message_stream, gen_debezium_message_stream, gen_upsert_message_stream,
-    AppendOnlyAdapterOpts, DebeziumAdapterOpts, UpsertAdapterOpts,
-};
+use crate::sink::utils::{gen_debezium_message_stream, DebeziumAdapterOpts};
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
     SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
@@ -173,7 +171,8 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         })
     }
 
-    async fn put_record(&self, key: &str, payload: Blob) -> Result<PutRecordOutput> {
+    async fn put_record(&self, key: &str, payload: Vec<u8>) -> Result<PutRecordOutput> {
+        let payload = Blob::new(payload);
         // todo: switch to put_records() for batching
         Retry::spawn(
             ExponentialBackoff::from_millis(100).map(jitter).take(3),
@@ -202,40 +201,28 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         })
     }
 
-    async fn upsert(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn upsert(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
         let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
             &self.schema,
             Some(&self.pk_indices),
             TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
         );
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let upsert_stream = gen_upsert_message_stream(
-            chunk,
-            UpsertAdapterOpts::default(),
-            key_encoder,
-            val_encoder,
-        );
+        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
 
-        crate::impl_load_stream_write_record!(upsert_stream, self.put_record);
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
-    async fn append_only(&self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn append_only(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
         let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
             &self.schema,
             Some(&self.pk_indices),
             TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
         );
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let append_only_stream = gen_append_only_message_stream(
-            chunk,
-            AppendOnlyAdapterOpts::default(),
-            key_encoder,
-            val_encoder,
-        );
+        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
 
-        crate::impl_load_stream_write_record!(append_only_stream, self.put_record);
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
     async fn debezium_update(&self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
@@ -249,12 +236,36 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
             &self.sink_from_name,
         );
 
-        crate::impl_load_stream_write_record!(dbz_stream, self.put_record);
+        #[for_await]
+        for msg in dbz_stream {
+            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
+            let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap().to_string();
+            self.put_record(
+                &key_str,
+                if let Some(value) = event_object {
+                    value.to_string().into_bytes()
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                },
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
+impl FormattedSink for &KinesisSinkWriter {
+    type K = String;
+    type V = Vec<u8>;
+
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.put_record(&k.unwrap(), v.unwrap_or_default())
+            .await
+            .map(|_| ())
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SinkWriter for KinesisSinkWriter {
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
@@ -285,23 +296,3 @@ impl SinkWriter for KinesisSinkWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! impl_load_stream_write_record {
-    ($stream:ident, $op_fn:stmt) => {
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in $stream {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap().to_string();
-            $op_fn(
-                &key_str,
-                Blob::new(if let Some(value) = event_object {
-                    value.to_string().into_bytes()
-                } else {
-                    vec![]
-                }),
-            )
-            .await?;
-        }
-    };
-}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 3e785edc7a9e9..b8fba46813199 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub mod catalog;
 pub mod clickhouse;
 pub mod coordinate;
 pub mod encoder;
+pub mod formatter;
 pub mod iceberg;
 pub mod kafka;
 pub mod kinesis;
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ pub use tracing;
 
 use self::catalog::SinkType;
 use self::clickhouse::{ClickHouseConfig, ClickHouseSink};
+use self::encoder::SerTo;
+use self::formatter::SinkFormatter;
 use self::iceberg::{IcebergSink, ICEBERG_SINK, REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK};
 use crate::sink::boxed::BoxSink;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
@@ -202,6 +205,44 @@ pub trait SinkWriterV1: Send + 'static {
     async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
 }
 
+/// A free-form sink that may output in multiple formats and encodings. Examples include kafka,
+/// kinesis, nats and redis.
+///
+/// The implementor specifies required key & value type (likely string or bytes), as well as how to
+/// write a single pair. The provided `write_chunk` method would handle the interaction with a
+/// `SinkFormatter`.
+///
+/// Currently kafka takes `&mut self` while kinesis takes `&self`. So we use `&mut self` in trait
+/// but implement it for `&Kinesis`. This allows us to hold `&mut &Kinesis` and `&Kinesis`
+/// simultaneously, preventing the schema clone issue propagating from kafka to kinesis.
+pub trait FormattedSink {
+    type K;
+    type V;
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()>;
+
+    async fn write_chunk<F: SinkFormatter>(
+        &mut self,
+        chunk: StreamChunk,
+        formatter: F,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        F::K: SerTo<Self::K>,
+        F::V: SerTo<Self::V>,
+    {
+        for r in formatter.format_chunk(&chunk) {
+            let (event_key_object, event_object) = r?;
+
+            self.write_one(
+                event_key_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
+                event_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct SinkWriterV1Adapter<W: SinkWriterV1> {
     is_empty: bool,
     epoch: u64,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index cb3023b9e4f9b..e1bae62c2b5c2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -249,51 +249,3 @@ pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>>
 
     Ok(records)
 }
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct UpsertAdapterOpts {}
-
-#[try_stream(ok = (Option<Value>, Option<Value>), error = SinkError)]
-pub async fn gen_upsert_message_stream<'a>(
-    chunk: StreamChunk,
-    _opts: UpsertAdapterOpts,
-    key_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
-    val_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
-) {
-    for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
-        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(key_encoder.encode(row)?));
-
-        let event_object = match op {
-            Op::Insert => Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?)),
-            Op::Delete => Some(Value::Null),
-            Op::UpdateDelete => {
-                // upsert semantic does not require update delete event
-                continue;
-            }
-            Op::UpdateInsert => Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?)),
-        };
-
-        yield (event_key_object, event_object);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct AppendOnlyAdapterOpts {}
-
-#[try_stream(ok = (Option<Value>, Option<Value>), error = SinkError)]
-pub async fn gen_append_only_message_stream<'a>(
-    chunk: StreamChunk,
-    _opts: AppendOnlyAdapterOpts,
-    key_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
-    val_encoder: JsonEncoder<'a>,
-) {
-    for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
-        if op != Op::Insert {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let event_key_object = Some(Value::Object(key_encoder.encode(row)?));
-        let event_object = Some(Value::Object(val_encoder.encode(row)?));
-
-        yield (event_key_object, event_object);
-    }
-}

From 711ecd5c06ded04a13d8e8753a961c73453804c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 14:11:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 084/430] feat(state_table): add iterator sub range under a
 certain pk prefix (#12251)

---
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    |  94 +++++++--
 .../src/common/table/test_state_table.rs      | 182 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 261 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index be3c2620ddfe9..045fb1fdaeba9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::ops::Bound::*;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use either::Either;
 use futures::{pin_mut, FutureExt, Stream, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
@@ -1195,6 +1196,27 @@ where
             .await
     }
 
+    /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `pk_sub_range` under the same
+    /// `vnode`.
+    pub async fn iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(
+        &self,
+        pk_prefix: impl Row,
+        sub_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
+        prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
+        let vnode = self.compute_prefix_vnode(&pk_prefix).to_be_bytes();
+
+        let memcomparable_range =
+            prefix_and_sub_range_to_memcomparable(&self.pk_serde, sub_range, pk_prefix);
+
+        let memcomparable_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(memcomparable_range, &vnode);
+        Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
+            self.iter_kv(memcomparable_range_with_vnode, None, prefetch_options)
+                .await?,
+            &self.row_serde,
+        ))
+    }
+
     /// This function scans raw key-values from the relational table with specific `pk_range` under
     /// the same `vnode`.
     async fn iter_kv_with_pk_range(
@@ -1297,15 +1319,38 @@ pub fn prefix_range_to_memcomparable(
     range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
 ) -> (Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>) {
     (
-        to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &range.0, false),
-        to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &range.1, true),
+        start_range_to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &range.0),
+        end_range_to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &range.1, None),
+    )
+}
+
+fn prefix_and_sub_range_to_memcomparable(
+    pk_serde: &OrderedRowSerde,
+    sub_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
+    pk_prefix: impl Row,
+) -> (Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>) {
+    let (range_start, range_end) = sub_range;
+    let prefix_serializer = pk_serde.prefix(pk_prefix.len());
+    let serialized_pk_prefix = serialize_pk(&pk_prefix, &prefix_serializer);
+    let start_range = match range_start {
+        Included(start_range) => Bound::Included(Either::Left((&pk_prefix).chain(start_range))),
+        Excluded(start_range) => Bound::Excluded(Either::Left((&pk_prefix).chain(start_range))),
+        Unbounded => Bound::Included(Either::Right(&pk_prefix)),
+    };
+    let end_range = match range_end {
+        Included(end_range) => Bound::Included((&pk_prefix).chain(end_range)),
+        Excluded(end_range) => Bound::Excluded((&pk_prefix).chain(end_range)),
+        Unbounded => Unbounded,
+    };
+    (
+        start_range_to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &start_range),
+        end_range_to_memcomparable(pk_serde, &end_range, Some(serialized_pk_prefix)),
     )
 }
 
-fn to_memcomparable<R: Row>(
+fn start_range_to_memcomparable<R: Row>(
     pk_serde: &OrderedRowSerde,
     bound: &Bound<R>,
-    is_upper: bool,
 ) -> Bound<Bytes> {
     let serialize_pk_prefix = |pk_prefix: &R| {
         let prefix_serializer = pk_serde.prefix(pk_prefix.len());
@@ -1315,20 +1360,39 @@ fn to_memcomparable<R: Row>(
         Unbounded => Unbounded,
         Included(r) => {
             let serialized = serialize_pk_prefix(r);
-            if is_upper {
-                end_bound_of_prefix(&serialized)
-            } else {
-                Included(serialized)
-            }
+
+            Included(serialized)
         }
         Excluded(r) => {
             let serialized = serialize_pk_prefix(r);
-            if !is_upper {
-                // if lower
-                start_bound_of_excluded_prefix(&serialized)
-            } else {
-                Excluded(serialized)
-            }
+
+            start_bound_of_excluded_prefix(&serialized)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn end_range_to_memcomparable<R: Row>(
+    pk_serde: &OrderedRowSerde,
+    bound: &Bound<R>,
+    serialized_pk_prefix: Option<Bytes>,
+) -> Bound<Bytes> {
+    let serialize_pk_prefix = |pk_prefix: &R| {
+        let prefix_serializer = pk_serde.prefix(pk_prefix.len());
+        serialize_pk(pk_prefix, &prefix_serializer)
+    };
+    match bound {
+        Unbounded => match serialized_pk_prefix {
+            Some(serialized_pk_prefix) => end_bound_of_prefix(&serialized_pk_prefix),
+            None => Unbounded,
+        },
+        Included(r) => {
+            let serialized = serialize_pk_prefix(r);
+
+            end_bound_of_prefix(&serialized)
+        }
+        Excluded(r) => {
+            let serialized = serialize_pk_prefix(r);
+            Excluded(serialized)
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
index c3e5759a47ae6..2f5dc3202adb9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::Bound;
+
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
@@ -1833,3 +1835,183 @@ async fn test_state_table_watermark_cache_refill() {
             .as_scalar_ref_impl()
     )
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_state_table_iter_prefix_and_sub_range() {
+    const TEST_TABLE_ID: TableId = TableId { table_id: 233 };
+    let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
+
+    let order_types = vec![OrderType::ascending(), OrderType::ascending()];
+    let column_ids = [ColumnId::from(0), ColumnId::from(1), ColumnId::from(2)];
+    let column_descs = vec![
+        ColumnDesc::unnamed(column_ids[0], DataType::Int32),
+        ColumnDesc::unnamed(column_ids[1], DataType::Int32),
+        ColumnDesc::unnamed(column_ids[2], DataType::Int32),
+    ];
+    let pk_index = vec![0_usize, 1_usize];
+    let read_prefix_len_hint = 0;
+    let table = gen_prost_table(
+        TEST_TABLE_ID,
+        column_descs,
+        order_types,
+        pk_index,
+        read_prefix_len_hint,
+    );
+
+    test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
+    let mut state_table =
+        StateTable::from_table_catalog_inconsistent_op(&table, test_env.storage.clone(), None)
+            .await;
+    let mut epoch = EpochPair::new_test_epoch(1);
+    state_table.init_epoch(epoch);
+
+    state_table.insert(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+        Some(1_i32.into()),
+        Some(11_i32.into()),
+        Some(111_i32.into()),
+    ]));
+    state_table.insert(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+        Some(1_i32.into()),
+        Some(22_i32.into()),
+        Some(222_i32.into()),
+    ]));
+    state_table.insert(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+        Some(1_i32.into()),
+        Some(33_i32.into()),
+        Some(333_i32.into()),
+    ]));
+
+    state_table.insert(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+        Some(4_i32.into()),
+        Some(44_i32.into()),
+        Some(444_i32.into()),
+    ]));
+
+    epoch.inc();
+    state_table.commit(epoch).await.unwrap();
+
+    let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
+
+    let sub_range1 = (
+        std::ops::Bound::Included(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(11_i32.into())])),
+        std::ops::Bound::Excluded(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(33_i32.into())])),
+    );
+
+    let iter = state_table
+        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range1, Default::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    pin_mut!(iter);
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(11_i32.into()),
+            Some(111_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(22_i32.into()),
+            Some(222_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await;
+    assert!(res.is_none());
+
+    let sub_range2: (Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = (
+        std::ops::Bound::Excluded(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(11_i32.into())])),
+        std::ops::Bound::Unbounded,
+    );
+
+    let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
+    let iter = state_table
+        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range2, Default::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    pin_mut!(iter);
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(22_i32.into()),
+            Some(222_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(33_i32.into()),
+            Some(333_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await;
+    assert!(res.is_none());
+
+    let sub_range3: (Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = (
+        std::ops::Bound::Unbounded,
+        std::ops::Bound::Included(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(33_i32.into())])),
+    );
+
+    let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
+    let iter = state_table
+        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range3, Default::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    pin_mut!(iter);
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(11_i32.into()),
+            Some(111_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(22_i32.into()),
+            Some(222_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        &OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(1_i32.into()),
+            Some(33_i32.into()),
+            Some(333_i32.into()),
+        ]),
+        res.as_ref()
+    );
+
+    let res = iter.next().await;
+    assert!(res.is_none());
+}

From 784fe568d44e40fa29915292ac2df61faf5e5c91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 14:47:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 085/430] fix(backup): ensure correct delta log order (#12371)

---
 .../backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs    | 18 +++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
index 0df9966607b93..e54c9f443f125 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::future::Future;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
@@ -65,18 +65,22 @@ impl<S: MetaStore> MetaSnapshotBuilder<S> {
         // hummock_version and version_stats is guaranteed to exist in a initialized cluster.
         let hummock_version = {
             let mut redo_state = hummock_version;
-            let hummock_version_deltas =
-                HummockVersionDelta::list_at_snapshot::<S>(&meta_store_snapshot).await?;
-            for version_delta in &hummock_version_deltas {
+            let hummock_version_deltas: BTreeMap<_, _> =
+                HummockVersionDelta::list_at_snapshot::<S>(&meta_store_snapshot)
+                    .await?
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|d| (d.id, d))
+                    .collect();
+            for version_delta in hummock_version_deltas.values() {
                 if version_delta.prev_id == redo_state.id {
                     redo_state.apply_version_delta(version_delta);
                 }
             }
-            if let Some(log) = hummock_version_deltas.iter().next_back() {
-                if log.id != redo_state.id {
+            if let Some((max_log_id, _)) = hummock_version_deltas.last_key_value() {
+                if *max_log_id != redo_state.id {
                     return Err(BackupError::Other(anyhow::anyhow!(format!(
                         "inconsistent hummock version: expected {}, actual {}",
-                        log.id, redo_state.id
+                        max_log_id, redo_state.id
                     ))));
                 }
             }

From 71d9b0bcb2fd804789f659ccc6dd15d9a556d664 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:32:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 086/430] feat(meta): update StreamJob status on finish
 (#12342)

---
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs      | 20 +++++++--
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs           | 41 ++++++++++++-------
 .../src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs   |  9 +++-
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
index 705474dd27a6d..9531e663a587a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    Connection, Database, Function, Index, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
+    Connection, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
 };
 
 use super::{ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FunctionId, RelationId, SchemaId, SinkId, SourceId, ViewId};
@@ -147,10 +147,22 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
         (
             self.databases.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
             self.schemas.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
-            self.tables.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
+            self.tables
+                .values()
+                .filter(|t| t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .cloned()
+                .collect_vec(),
             self.sources.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
-            self.sinks.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
-            self.indexes.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
+            self.sinks
+                .values()
+                .filter(|s| s.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .cloned()
+                .collect_vec(),
+            self.indexes
+                .values()
+                .filter(|i| i.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .cloned()
+                .collect_vec(),
             self.views.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
             self.functions.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
             self.connections.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index 6d512c1133d0d..1c8f0c2f397c0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
 use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    Connection, Database, Function, Index, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
+    Connection, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::{ActionWithGrantOption, Object};
@@ -725,8 +725,8 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     /// This is used for both `CREATE TABLE` and `CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`.
     pub async fn finish_create_table_procedure(
         &self,
-        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
-        table: Table,
+        mut internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+        mut table: Table,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
@@ -742,8 +742,10 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             .in_progress_creation_streaming_job
             .remove(&table.id);
 
+        table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
-        for table in &internal_tables {
+        for table in &mut internal_tables {
+            table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
             tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
         }
         commit_meta!(self, tables)?;
@@ -1730,8 +1732,8 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     pub async fn finish_create_table_procedure_with_source(
         &self,
         source: Source,
-        mview: Table,
-        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+        mut mview: Table,
+        mut internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
@@ -1762,8 +1764,10 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             .remove(&mview.id);
 
         sources.insert(source.id, source.clone());
+        mview.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         tables.insert(mview.id, mview.clone());
-        for table in &internal_tables {
+        for table in &mut internal_tables {
+            table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
             tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
         }
         commit_meta!(self, sources, tables)?;
@@ -1870,9 +1874,9 @@ impl CatalogManager {
 
     pub async fn finish_create_index_procedure(
         &self,
-        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
-        index: Index,
-        table: Table,
+        mut internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+        mut index: Index,
+        mut table: Table,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
@@ -1891,10 +1895,13 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             .in_progress_creation_streaming_job
             .remove(&table.id);
 
+        index.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         indexes.insert(index.id, index.clone());
 
+        table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
-        for table in &internal_tables {
+        for table in &mut internal_tables {
+            table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
             tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
         }
         commit_meta!(self, indexes, tables)?;
@@ -1955,8 +1962,8 @@ impl CatalogManager {
 
     pub async fn finish_create_sink_procedure(
         &self,
-        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
-        sink: Sink,
+        mut internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+        mut sink: Sink,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
@@ -1974,8 +1981,10 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             .in_progress_creation_streaming_job
             .remove(&sink.id);
 
+        sink.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         sinks.insert(sink.id, sink.clone());
-        for table in &internal_tables {
+        for table in &mut internal_tables {
+            table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
             tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
         }
         commit_meta!(self, sinks, tables)?;
@@ -2118,6 +2127,8 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         // TODO: Here we reuse the `creation` tracker for `alter` procedure, as an `alter` must
         database_core.in_progress_creation_tracker.remove(&key);
 
+        let mut table = table.clone();
+        table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
         commit_meta!(self, tables, indexes, sources)?;
 
@@ -2127,7 +2138,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
                 Operation::Update,
                 Info::RelationGroup(RelationGroup {
                     relations: vec![Relation {
-                        relation_info: RelationInfo::Table(table.to_owned()).into(),
+                        relation_info: RelationInfo::Table(table).into(),
                     }]
                     .into_iter()
                     .chain(source.iter().map(|source| Relation {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
index 0fcbfe4929ec6..06f87e6d194c1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_pb::backup_service::MetaBackupManifestId;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, Table};
 use risingwave_pb::common::worker_node::State::Running;
 use risingwave_pb::common::{WorkerNode, WorkerType};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::WriteLimits;
@@ -120,7 +120,12 @@ impl NotificationServiceImpl {
 
     async fn get_tables_and_creating_tables_snapshot(&self) -> (Vec<Table>, NotificationVersion) {
         let catalog_guard = self.catalog_manager.get_catalog_core_guard().await;
-        let mut tables = catalog_guard.database.list_tables();
+        let mut tables = catalog_guard
+            .database
+            .list_tables()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|t| t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+            .collect_vec();
         tables.extend(catalog_guard.database.list_creating_tables());
         let notification_version = self.env.notification_manager().current_version().await;
         (tables, notification_version)

From cedaec96ce04d12f160a1e04ad4f24af199ab103 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:54:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 087/430] feat(optimizer): support agg group by simplify rule
 (#12349)

---
 .../tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml             |   6 +
 .../tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml            |  41 ++--
 .../testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml     |   6 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/except.yaml         |  96 +++++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml      |  96 +++++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        | 228 ++++++++++++------
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml       |  28 +--
 .../output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml      |   8 +-
 .../src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs     |   7 +-
 .../rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs        |  92 +++++++
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs        |   3 +
 11 files changed, 438 insertions(+), 173 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
index e02e071c70aba..b5b8e182703f8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
@@ -923,3 +923,9 @@
     SELECT count(DISTINCT i) FROM integers;
   expected_outputs:
   - batch_plan
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t(id int primary key, a int, b int);
+    SELECT count(*) FROM t group by a, id, b;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
index fd57f0dfe9fdb..d62ce89d0ed3b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
@@ -1395,21 +1395,21 @@
         sq_1.col_2;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchProject { exprs: [max(max(lineitem.l_commitdate))] }
-      └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_commitdate], aggs: [max(max(lineitem.l_commitdate))] }
-        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_commitdate) }
-          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_commitdate], aggs: [max(lineitem.l_commitdate)] }
-            └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_tax, lineitem.l_commitdate, lineitem.l_shipinstruct], aggs: [] }
-              └─BatchScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_tax, lineitem.l_commitdate, lineitem.l_shipinstruct], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))))] }
+      └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))))] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))) }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))] }
+            └─BatchSortAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))] }
+              └─BatchScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_commitdate], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col_0, lineitem.l_commitdate(hidden)], stream_key: [lineitem.l_commitdate], pk_columns: [lineitem.l_commitdate], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(lineitem.l_commitdate)), lineitem.l_commitdate] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_commitdate], aggs: [max(max(lineitem.l_commitdate)), count] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_commitdate) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_commitdate, $expr1], aggs: [max(lineitem.l_commitdate), count] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_tax, lineitem.l_commitdate, lineitem.l_shipinstruct, Vnode(lineitem.l_orderkey) as $expr1] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_tax, lineitem.l_commitdate, lineitem.l_shipinstruct], aggs: [count] }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_tax, lineitem.l_commitdate, lineitem.l_shipinstruct], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col_0, first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))(hidden)], stream_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], pk_columns: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))), first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))) }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), $expr1], aggs: [max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))), count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), Vnode(lineitem.l_orderkey) as $expr1] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), count] }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_commitdate], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
 - name: two phase agg on hop window input should use two phase agg
   sql: |
     SET QUERY_MODE TO DISTRIBUTED;
@@ -1636,3 +1636,16 @@
         └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [integers.i], aggs: [] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
             └─BatchScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i], distribution: SomeShard }
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t(id int primary key, a int, b int);
+    SELECT count(*) FROM t group by a, id, b;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [count] }
+      └─BatchSortAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [count] }
+        └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.id], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t.id) }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [count, t.id(hidden)], stream_key: [t.id], pk_columns: [t.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [count, t.id] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [count] }
+        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id], pk: [t.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
index 945c4a7e707b1..236bc31b2503e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
     select t2.c, t2.d, count(distinct t.a) from t join t2 on t.a = t2.c group by t2.c, t2.d;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t2.c, t2.d], aggs: [count(t.a)] }
-      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t2.c, t2.d) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t2.c, t2.d, t.a], aggs: [] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC))], aggs: [first_value(first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC)) order_by(first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC)) ASC)), count(t.a)] }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC))) }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC)), first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC))] }
           └─BatchLookupJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.a = t2.c, output: [t2.c, t2.d, t.a] }
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.a) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a], distribution: SomeShard }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
index e57bf061d5335..58cde9cb9db38 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
@@ -108,69 +108,105 @@
     create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key(a));
     select * from t1 except select * from t2;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [] }
+    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
     └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftAnti, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.a, t2.a) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.b, t2.b) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.c, t2.c), output: all }
       ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c] }
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
       └─BatchLookupJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
-          │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.a, t2.b, t2.c) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
+            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.a, t2.b, t2.c) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-                ├── left table: 1
-                ├── right table: 3
-                ├── left degree table: 2
-                ├── right degree table: 4
-                ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
+            ├── state tables: [ 0, 1 ]
+            ├── distinct tables: []
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 5 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
+    ├── left table: 3
+    ├── right table: 5
+    ├── left degree table: 4
+    ├── right degree table: 6
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
+    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 7 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 6 }
+    Fragment 3
+    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_c, t1_b ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, first_value(t1_b order_by(t1_b ASC)), first_value(t1_c order_by(t1_c ASC)), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+
+    Table 4
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 4
+    Table 6
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 5
+    Table 7
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -178,7 +214,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 6
+    Table 8
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -186,7 +222,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
index 06804444a4f9b..405966685afaf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
@@ -108,69 +108,105 @@
     create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key(a));
     select * from t1 intersect select * from t2;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [] }
+    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
     └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftSemi, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.a, t2.a) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.b, t2.b) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.c, t2.c), output: all }
       ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c] }
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
       └─BatchLookupJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
-          │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.a, t2.b, t2.c) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
+            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.a, t2.b, t2.c) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a, b, c], pk_columns: [a, b, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 0, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-                ├── left table: 1
-                ├── right table: 3
-                ├── left degree table: 2
-                ├── right degree table: 4
-                ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
+            ├── state tables: [ 0, 1 ]
+            ├── distinct tables: []
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 5 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
+    ├── left table: 3
+    ├── right table: 5
+    ├── left degree table: 4
+    ├── right degree table: 6
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
+    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 7 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 6 }
+    Fragment 3
+    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_c, t1_b ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, first_value(t1_b order_by(t1_b ASC)), first_value(t1_c order_by(t1_c ASC)), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+
+    Table 4
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 4
+    Table 6
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 5
+    Table 7
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -178,7 +214,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 6
+    Table 8
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -186,7 +222,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index c3bed3a331fc6..5e451505c1d2e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -805,9 +805,9 @@
       AND P.endtime = A.endtime;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, person.name, $expr1] }
+    └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1] }
       ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [] }
+      │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
       │   └─BatchProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
       │     └─BatchProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
       │       └─BatchScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
@@ -817,11 +817,11 @@
             └─BatchProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
               └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2] }
-      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count] }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
+      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), count] }
       │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
       │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
       │         └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
@@ -833,47 +833,53 @@
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+        ├── left table: 0
+        ├── right table: 2
+        ├── left degree table: 1
+        ├── right degree table: 3
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 7, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [ 4 ], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
-                └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 5 }
+                └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 6 }
                     ├── Upstream
                     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4, auction.id] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3, auction.id] }
-        └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
+        └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ person_id, person_name, $expr1, $expr2 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person_name order_by(person_name ASC)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, person_name, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ person_id, person_name, $expr1, $expr2, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, person_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person_name order_by(person_name ASC)), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
   before:
@@ -1962,9 +1968,9 @@
         SELECT COUNT(*) / COUNT(DISTINCT auction) FROM bid
     )
   batch_plan: |-
-    BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
+    BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
     ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction)] }
+    │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
     │   └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
     │     ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
     │     │ └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -1978,10 +1984,10 @@
               └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
                 └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
-      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
-      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
       │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
       │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
       │     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -1997,44 +2003,53 @@
                     └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] } { left table: 0, right table: 1 }
-        ├── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-        │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
+    └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+        ├── left table: 0
+        ├── right table: 1
+        ├── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
+        │       ├── intermediate state table: 3
+        │       ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
+        │       ├── distinct tables: []
+        │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+        │           ├── left table: 4
+        │           ├── right table: 6
+        │           ├── left degree table: 5
+        │           ├── right degree table: 7
         │           ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         │           └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
         └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 3
 
     Fragment 1
-    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
+    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 9 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count(bid.auction))) as $expr1] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 4
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count(bid.auction)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 5
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 11 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 12 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, count(bid_auction) ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction) ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
@@ -2042,23 +2057,36 @@
     Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1 ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, count(bid_auction), count ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 2, 3 ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid__row_id ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 8
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 9
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -2066,11 +2094,11 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid_auction)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid_auction)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ bid_auction, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ bid_auction, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11
+    Table 12
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
@@ -2080,10 +2108,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
 - id: nexmark_q103
   before:
@@ -2341,20 +2369,20 @@
     BatchTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
     └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
       └─BatchTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction)] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
           └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
             ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
             │ └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
               └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
       └─StreamTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
                 └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
                   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
                   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -2362,60 +2390,106 @@
                     └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id, auction_item_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction)] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
         └── StreamTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 } { state table: 0 }
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.item_name, count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id, auction.item_name], aggs: [count(bid.auction), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 3
+            ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
+            ├── distinct tables: []
+            └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+                ├── left table: 4
+                ├── right table: 6
+                ├── left degree table: 5
+                ├── right degree table: 7
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
+    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 9 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 3
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, count(bid_auction), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid__row_id ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7
+    ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 9
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: []
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
 - id: nexmark_q106
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
index 21c3cfb03847a..ca6375cfaace9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
@@ -582,29 +582,29 @@
     create table t(x int[], y int[], k int primary key);
     select *, (select sum(i) from (select unnest(x) i, 1 c) Q where k = c ) as sum_x from t;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, t.x) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
+    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
     ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k] }
-    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
-      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, t.x) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.k, Unnest($0)] }
-        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [] }
+    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
+      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
         │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k] }
-        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [t.x, t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
           └─LogicalProjectSet { select_list: [$0, $1, Unnest($0)] }
-            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: all }
-              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [] }
+            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k] }
+              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
               │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], predicate: (t.k = 1:Int32) }
               └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
   optimized_logical_plan_for_stream: |-
-    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, t.x) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
+    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
     ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k] }
-    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
-      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, t.x) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.k, Unnest($0)] }
-        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [] }
+    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
+      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
         │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k] }
-        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [t.x, t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
           └─LogicalProjectSet { select_list: [$0, $1, Unnest($0)] }
-            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: all }
-              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.x, t.k], aggs: [] }
+            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k] }
+              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
               │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], predicate: (t.k = 1:Int32) }
               └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
 - name: CorrelatedInputRef in ProjectSet and apply on condition refers to table function.
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
index 797bdda0f5bf0..6d216ad9c81c4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
@@ -466,14 +466,14 @@
                     └─LogicalScan { table: c, columns: [c.c1, c.c2, c.c3, c._row_id] }
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
     LogicalAgg { aggs: [count] }
-    └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(a.a3, a.a3) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, b.b2), output: [] }
+    └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(a.a3, first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, b.b2), output: [] }
       ├─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: (a.a3 = b.b2), output: all }
       │ ├─LogicalScan { table: a, columns: [a.a3] }
       │ └─LogicalScan { table: b, columns: [b.b2] }
       └─LogicalFilter { predicate: (3:Int32 = count(1:Int32)) }
-        └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [a.a3, b.b2], aggs: [count(1:Int32)] }
-          └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(a.a3, c.c3) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, c.c2), output: [a.a3, b.b2, 1:Int32] }
-            ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [a.a3, b.b2], aggs: [] }
+        └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), b.b2], aggs: [count(1:Int32)] }
+          └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), c.c3) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, c.c2), output: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), b.b2, 1:Int32] }
+            ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [b.b2], aggs: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC))] }
             │ └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: (a.a3 = b.b2), output: all }
             │   ├─LogicalScan { table: a, columns: [a.a3] }
             │   └─LogicalScan { table: b, columns: [b.b2] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
index 4d958d21ec044..7a59c968326fe 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,11 @@ static PUSH_CALC_OF_JOIN: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 static CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_STREAM: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     OptimizationStage::new(
         "Convert Distinct Aggregation",
-        vec![UnionToDistinctRule::create(), DistinctAggRule::create(true)],
+        vec![
+            UnionToDistinctRule::create(),
+            DistinctAggRule::create(true),
+            AggGroupBySimplifyRule::create(),
+        ],
         ApplyOrder::TopDown,
     )
 });
@@ -250,6 +254,7 @@ static CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_BATCH: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::n
         vec![
             UnionToDistinctRule::create(),
             DistinctAggRule::create(false),
+            AggGroupBySimplifyRule::create(),
         ],
         ApplyOrder::TopDown,
     )
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..46b1b9126ffec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
+use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+
+use super::super::plan_node::*;
+use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
+use crate::expr::InputRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::{Agg, GenericPlanRef};
+use crate::utils::{Condition, IndexSet};
+
+/// Use functional dependencies to simplify aggregation's group by
+/// Before:
+/// group by = [a, b, c], where b -> [a, c]
+/// After
+/// group by b, `first_value`(a), `first_value`(c),
+pub struct AggGroupBySimplifyRule {}
+impl Rule for AggGroupBySimplifyRule {
+    fn apply(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> Option<PlanRef> {
+        let agg: &LogicalAgg = plan.as_logical_agg()?;
+        let (agg_calls, group_key, grouping_sets, agg_input, _two_phase) = agg.clone().decompose();
+        if !grouping_sets.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let functional_dependency = agg_input.functional_dependency();
+        let group_key = group_key.to_vec();
+        if !functional_dependency.is_key(&group_key) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let minimized_group_key = functional_dependency.minimize_key(&group_key);
+        if minimized_group_key.len() < group_key.len() {
+            let new_group_key = IndexSet::from(minimized_group_key);
+            let new_group_key_len = new_group_key.len();
+            let mut new_agg_calls = vec![];
+            for &i in &group_key {
+                if !new_group_key.contains(i) {
+                    let data_type = agg_input.schema().fields[i].data_type();
+                    new_agg_calls.push(PlanAggCall {
+                        agg_kind: AggKind::FirstValue,
+                        return_type: data_type.clone(),
+                        inputs: vec![InputRef::new(i, data_type)],
+                        distinct: false,
+                        order_by: vec![ColumnOrder::new(i, OrderType::ascending())],
+                        filter: Condition::true_cond(),
+                        direct_args: vec![],
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            new_agg_calls.extend(agg_calls);
+
+            // Use project to align schema type
+            let mut out_fields = vec![];
+            let mut remained_group_key_offset = 0;
+            let mut removed_group_key_offset = new_group_key_len;
+            for &i in &group_key {
+                if new_group_key.contains(i) {
+                    out_fields.push(remained_group_key_offset);
+                    remained_group_key_offset += 1;
+                } else {
+                    out_fields.push(removed_group_key_offset);
+                    removed_group_key_offset += 1;
+                }
+            }
+            for i in group_key.len()..agg.base.schema().len() {
+                out_fields.push(i);
+            }
+            let new_agg = Agg::new(new_agg_calls, new_group_key, agg.input());
+
+            Some(LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(new_agg.into(), out_fields.into_iter()).into())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AggGroupBySimplifyRule {
+    pub fn create() -> BoxedRule {
+        Box::new(AggGroupBySimplifyRule {})
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
index 6542ac8e163bb..388a8ea632c89 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ mod apply_expand_transpose_rule;
 pub use apply_expand_transpose_rule::*;
 mod expand_to_project_rule;
 pub use expand_to_project_rule::*;
+mod agg_group_by_simplify_rule;
+pub use agg_group_by_simplify_rule::*;
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! for_all_rules {
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_rules {
             , { ApplyOverWindowTransposeRule }
             , { ApplyExpandTransposeRule }
             , { ExpandToProjectRule }
+            , { AggGroupBySimplifyRule }
         }
     };
 }

From 71d81704ec1c3ff7fb9375fd111a0aab3b3c5f6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:58:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 088/430] refactor(expr): allow defining functions in frontend
 (#12287)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 proto/expr.proto                              |  3 ++
 src/batch/src/executor/sort_over_window.rs    |  5 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 48 +++++++++----------
 src/expr/src/lib.rs                           |  6 ++-
 .../src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs    |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs  |  4 +-
 src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs     |  3 +-
 .../src/window_function/state/row_number.rs   |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs      |  4 +-
 .../expr/function_impl/col_description.rs}    | 12 ++++-
 .../src/expr/function_impl}/mod.rs            |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs                  |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                 |  3 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/window_function.rs      |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/over_window.rs          |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_over_window.rs          |  2 +-
 .../rule/over_window_to_agg_and_join_rule.rs  |  2 +-
 .../rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs          |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/eowc_over_window.rs |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/over_window.rs      |  2 +-
 .../integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs     |  2 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs    |  2 +-
 22 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
 rename src/{expr/src/function/mod.rs => frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs} (62%)
 rename src/{expr/src/function/window => frontend/src/expr/function_impl}/mod.rs (94%)

diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index a0e655aaee0f7..7d24241850918 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ message ExprNode {
     PG_SLEEP = 2024;
     PG_SLEEP_FOR = 2025;
     PG_SLEEP_UNTIL = 2026;
+
+    // Adminitration functions
+    COL_DESCRIPTION = 2100;
   }
   Type function_type = 1;
   data.DataType return_type = 3;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/sort_over_window.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/sort_over_window.rs
index f12ebc2452384..c8b6c7ef9388c 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/sort_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/sort_over_window.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::WindowFuncCall;
-use risingwave_expr::window_function::{create_window_state, StateKey, WindowStates};
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{
+    create_window_state, StateKey, WindowFuncCall, WindowStates,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 
 use super::{BoxedDataChunkStream, BoxedExecutor, BoxedExecutorBuilder, Executor, ExecutorBuilder};
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 56464f2bf2809..77026581492c2 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
         let ctor_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { crate::sig::func::FuncSign };
+        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::func::FuncSign };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
             quote! { #name }
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         };
         let deprecated = self.deprecated;
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[ctor::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { crate::sig::func::_register(#descriptor_type {
+                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::func::_register(#descriptor_type {
                     func: risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
                     variadic: #variadic,
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     let #prebuilt_inputs = match &#prebuilt_inputs {
                         Some(s) => s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into()?,
                         // the function should always return null if any const argument is null
-                        None => return Ok(Box::new(crate::expr::LiteralExpression::new(
+                        None => return Ok(Box::new(risingwave_expr::expr::LiteralExpression::new(
                             return_type,
                             None,
                         ))),
@@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 
         // ensure the number of children matches the number of arguments
         let check_children = match variadic {
-            true => quote! { crate::ensure!(children.len() >= #num_args); },
-            false => quote! { crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args); },
+            true => quote! { risingwave_expr::ensure!(children.len() >= #num_args); },
+            false => quote! { risingwave_expr::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args); },
         };
 
         // evaluate variadic arguments in `eval`
@@ -407,8 +407,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         };
 
         Ok(quote! {
-            |return_type: DataType, children: Vec<crate::expr::BoxedExpression>|
-                -> crate::Result<crate::expr::BoxedExpression>
+            |return_type: DataType, children: Vec<risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression>|
+                -> risingwave_expr::Result<risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression>
             {
                 use std::sync::Arc;
                 use risingwave_common::array::*;
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
                 use itertools::multizip;
 
-                use crate::expr::{Context, BoxedExpression};
-                use crate::Result;
+                use risingwave_expr::expr::{Context, BoxedExpression};
+                use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
                 #check_children
                 let prebuilt_arg = #prebuild_const;
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-                impl crate::expr::Expression for #struct_name {
+                impl risingwave_expr::expr::Expression for #struct_name {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.context.return_type.clone()
                     }
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             false => format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name()),
             true => format_ident!("{}_append_only", self.ident_name()),
         };
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { crate::sig::agg::AggFuncSig };
+        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AggFuncSig };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.as_fn().name);
             quote! { #name }
@@ -505,11 +505,11 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             self.generate_agg_build_fn(user_fn)?
         };
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[ctor::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { crate::sig::agg::_register(#descriptor_type {
-                    func: crate::agg::AggKind::#pb_type,
+                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::agg::_register(#descriptor_type {
+                    func: risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
                     state_type: #state_type,
                     ret_type: #ret,
@@ -678,8 +678,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
                 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 
-                use crate::Result;
-                use crate::agg::AggregateState;
+                use risingwave_expr::Result;
+                use risingwave_expr::agg::AggregateState;
 
                 #[derive(Clone)]
                 struct Agg {
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 }
 
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-                impl crate::agg::AggregateFunction for Agg {
+                impl risingwave_expr::agg::AggregateFunction for Agg {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.return_type.clone()
                     }
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
         let ctor_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { crate::sig::table_function::FuncSign };
+        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::FuncSign };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
             quote! { #name }
@@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             quote! { |_| Ok(#ty) }
         };
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[ctor::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { crate::sig::table_function::_register(#descriptor_type {
+                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::_register(#descriptor_type {
                     func: risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::Type::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
                     ret_type: #ret,
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
                 use itertools::multizip;
 
-                crate::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
+                risingwave_expr::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
                 let mut iter = children.into_iter();
                 #(let #all_child = iter.next().unwrap();)*
                 #(
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     let #const_child = match &#const_child {
                         Some(s) => s.as_scalar_ref_impl().try_into()?,
                         // the function should always return empty if any const argument is null
-                        None => return Ok(crate::table_function::empty(return_type)),
+                        None => return Ok(risingwave_expr::table_function::empty(return_type)),
                     };
                 )*
 
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
                 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-                impl crate::table_function::TableFunction for #struct_name {
+                impl risingwave_expr::table_function::TableFunction for #struct_name {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.return_type.clone()
                     }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/src/lib.rs
index ee4cea38e4bb5..c8f2e432f79af 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,15 +24,17 @@
 #![feature(test)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
 
+extern crate self as risingwave_expr;
+
 pub mod agg;
 mod error;
 pub mod expr;
-pub mod function;
 pub mod sig;
 pub mod table_function;
 pub mod vector_op;
 pub mod window_function;
 
+pub use ctor::ctor;
 pub use error::{ExprError, Result};
-use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
+pub use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 pub use risingwave_expr_macro::*;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
index b67d42042bc91..749baf7784343 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use super::buffer::WindowBuffer;
 use super::{StateEvictHint, StateKey, StatePos, WindowState};
 use crate::agg::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
-use crate::function::window::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
+use crate::window_function::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct AggregateState {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
index 97f68b18375b2..a375c7bfec225 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use either::Either;
 
-use crate::function::window::{Frame, FrameBounds, FrameExclusion};
+use crate::window_function::{Frame, FrameBounds, FrameExclusion};
 
 struct Entry<K: Ord, V> {
     key: K,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ mod tests {
     use itertools::Itertools;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::function::window::{Frame, FrameBound};
+    use crate::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_rows_frame_unbounded_preceding_to_current_row() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
index fe6e47b016d40..977a04b2a7a70 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DefaultOrdered};
 use risingwave_common::util::memcmp_encoding::MemcmpEncoded;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
-use super::WindowFuncCall;
-use crate::function::window::WindowFuncKind;
+use super::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
index 01b713cbc1196..7abf30fc5f5c7 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use super::{StateEvictHint, StateKey, StatePos, WindowState};
-use crate::function::window::WindowFuncCall;
+use crate::window_function::WindowFuncCall;
 use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(EstimateSize)]
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::agg::AggArgs;
-    use crate::function::window::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
+    use crate::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
 
     fn create_state_key(pk: i64) -> StateKey {
         StateKey {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 44c79a1620c79..1146050e8dde4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::session_config::USER_NAME_WILD_CARD;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
 use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{
     Frame, FrameBound, FrameBounds, FrameExclusion, WindowFuncKind,
 };
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 // TODO: really implement them.
                 // https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-COMMENT-TABLE
                 // WARN: Hacked in [`Binder::bind_function`]!!!
-                ("col_description", raw_literal(ExprImpl::literal_varchar("".to_string()))),
+                ("col_description", raw_call(ExprType::ColDescription)),
                 ("obj_description", raw_literal(ExprImpl::literal_varchar("".to_string()))),
                 ("shobj_description", raw_literal(ExprImpl::literal_varchar("".to_string()))),
                 ("pg_is_in_recovery", raw_literal(ExprImpl::literal_bool(false))),
diff --git a/src/expr/src/function/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
similarity index 62%
rename from src/expr/src/function/mod.rs
rename to src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
index ed628e99398ca..8b6458eba5d30 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub mod window;
+use std::fmt::Write;
 
-// TODO(rc): this module is to be removed
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError};
+
+#[function("col_description(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+fn col_description(_name: &str, _col: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), ExprError> {
+    // TODO: Currently we don't support `COMMENT` statement, so we just return empty string.
+    writer.write_str("").unwrap();
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/function/window/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/function/window/mod.rs
rename to src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
index add145718c948..33d402b4bb6af 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/function/window/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub use crate::window_function::*;
+mod col_description;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
index d999fcbe4c1e8..11fa86d682b7b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub use order_by_expr::{OrderBy, OrderByExpr};
 mod expr_mutator;
 mod expr_rewriter;
 mod expr_visitor;
+mod function_impl;
 mod session_timezone;
 mod type_inference;
 mod utils;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index cea3b9eb46bc2..91e92ee651205 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::Proctime
             | expr_node::Type::PgSleep
             | expr_node::Type::PgSleepFor
-            | expr_node::Type::PgSleepUntil => true,
+            | expr_node::Type::PgSleepUntil
+            | expr_node::Type::ColDescription => true,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/window_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/window_function.rs
index 62f961515cdd0..371a00dc6b62a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/window_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/window_function.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{Frame, WindowFuncKind};
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, WindowFuncKind};
 
 use super::{AggCall, Expr, ExprImpl, OrderBy, RwResult};
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
index 5f7b0705fba26..c148711698a24 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, ColumnOrderDisplay};
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{Frame, WindowFuncKind};
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, WindowFuncKind};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::PbWindowFunction;
 
 use super::{DistillUnit, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
index b2057f28e05fc..ed74f379cf4ba 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
 
 use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, OverWindow, PlanWindowFunction, ProjectBuilder};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_agg_and_join_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_agg_and_join_rule.rs
index b9587650f8726..dbf3e9809675c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_agg_and_join_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_agg_and_join_rule.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::WindowFuncKind;
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::WindowFuncKind;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
index 297522a41c8c9..dfb6963c7fb4f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::WindowFuncKind;
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::WindowFuncKind;
 
 use super::Rule;
 use crate::expr::{collect_input_refs, ExprImpl, ExprType};
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/eowc_over_window.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/eowc_over_window.rs
index 0cd0060a40b68..bcee0736ae30f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::WindowFuncCall;
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::WindowFuncCall;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::PbEowcOverWindowNode;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/over_window.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/over_window.rs
index 7d139ca3f74db..e18e753caf126 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/over_window.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::session_config::OverWindowCachePolicy;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::WindowFuncCall;
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::WindowFuncCall;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::PbOverWindowNode;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
index d7d788680af55..35cc4954aff45 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggArgs, AggKind};
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use risingwave_stream::executor::{EowcOverWindowExecutor, EowcOverWindowExecutorArgs};
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
index 4b7b53aaae31b..2377ce12e9147 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::session_config::OverWindowCachePolicy;
 use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggArgs, AggKind};
-use risingwave_expr::function::window::{
+use risingwave_expr::window_function::{
     Frame, FrameBound, FrameExclusion, WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind,
 };
 use risingwave_stream::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;

From b37a19ccd4a78238683e2ff712c2ad2d796f9a01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 16:18:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 089/430] feat(dashboard): add memory profiling (#12052)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  11 +
 dashboard/components/Layout.tsx               |   1 +
 dashboard/package-lock.json                   |  14 +
 dashboard/package.json                        |   1 +
 dashboard/pages/heap_profiling.tsx            | 267 ++++++++++++++++++
 proto/monitor_service.proto                   |  19 ++
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |  37 ++-
 src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs       |  49 ++++
 src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs          |  19 ++
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   1 +
 src/compute/src/lib.rs                        |   6 +-
 .../src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs   |  10 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      |   6 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs   |  38 +--
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        |  82 +++++-
 src/compute/src/server.rs                     |   8 +-
 src/config/example.toml                       |   8 +-
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/profile.rs               |   3 +-
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |   2 +-
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |   1 +
 src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs                 | 110 +++++++-
 src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs                    |   5 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/compute_client.rs          |  21 +-
 src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs              |  21 +-
 25 files changed, 663 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 dashboard/pages/heap_profiling.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6cb0662b32155..a7e376422e966 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1076,6 +1076,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "vsimd",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base64-url"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c5b0a88aa36e9f095ee2e2b13fb8c5e4313e022783aedacc123328c0084916d"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
 version = "1.6.0"
@@ -6704,6 +6713,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sysinfo",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tinyvec",
  "toml 0.7.8",
  "tower-layer",
@@ -7205,6 +7215,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-config",
  "aws-sdk-ec2",
  "axum",
+ "base64-url",
  "bytes",
  "clap",
  "crepe",
diff --git a/dashboard/components/Layout.tsx b/dashboard/components/Layout.tsx
index 184e17ac1e535..6d6b17cdc7d80 100644
--- a/dashboard/components/Layout.tsx
+++ b/dashboard/components/Layout.tsx
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ function Layout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
           <VStack width="full" alignItems="flex-start" px={3}>
             <NavTitle>Debug</NavTitle>
             <NavButton href="/await_tree/">Await Tree Dump</NavButton>
+            <NavButton href="/heap_profiling/">Heap Profiling</NavButton>
           </VStack>
           <VStack mb={3}></VStack>
           <NavButton href="/settings/">Settings</NavButton>
diff --git a/dashboard/package-lock.json b/dashboard/package-lock.json
index 482996c302099..e72946b00bff7 100644
--- a/dashboard/package-lock.json
+++ b/dashboard/package-lock.json
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
         "@monaco-editor/react": "^4.4.6",
         "@types/d3": "^7.4.0",
         "@types/lodash": "^4.14.184",
+        "base64url": "^3.0.1",
         "bootstrap-icons": "^1.9.1",
         "d3": "^7.6.1",
         "d3-axis": "^3.0.0",
@@ -3615,6 +3616,14 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base16/-/base16-1.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-pNdYkNPiJUnEhnfXV56+sQy8+AaPcG3POZAUnwr4EeqCUZFz4u2PePbo3e5Gj4ziYPCWGUZT9RHisvJKnwFuBQ=="
     },
+    "node_modules/base64url": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base64url/-/base64url-3.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ir1UPr3dkwexU7FdV8qBBbNDRUhMmIekYMFZfi+C/sLNnRESKPl23nB9b2pltqfOQNnGzsDdId90AEtG5tCx4A==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/big-integer": {
       "version": "1.6.51",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/big-integer/-/big-integer-1.6.51.tgz",
@@ -13631,6 +13640,11 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base16/-/base16-1.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-pNdYkNPiJUnEhnfXV56+sQy8+AaPcG3POZAUnwr4EeqCUZFz4u2PePbo3e5Gj4ziYPCWGUZT9RHisvJKnwFuBQ=="
     },
+    "base64url": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/base64url/-/base64url-3.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ir1UPr3dkwexU7FdV8qBBbNDRUhMmIekYMFZfi+C/sLNnRESKPl23nB9b2pltqfOQNnGzsDdId90AEtG5tCx4A=="
+    },
     "big-integer": {
       "version": "1.6.51",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/big-integer/-/big-integer-1.6.51.tgz",
diff --git a/dashboard/package.json b/dashboard/package.json
index 94e8fccdf6138..a0642de4380df 100644
--- a/dashboard/package.json
+++ b/dashboard/package.json
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     "@monaco-editor/react": "^4.4.6",
     "@types/d3": "^7.4.0",
     "@types/lodash": "^4.14.184",
+    "base64url": "^3.0.1",
     "bootstrap-icons": "^1.9.1",
     "d3": "^7.6.1",
     "d3-axis": "^3.0.0",
diff --git a/dashboard/pages/heap_profiling.tsx b/dashboard/pages/heap_profiling.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..88dce6a6a4d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dashboard/pages/heap_profiling.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import {
+  Box,
+  Button,
+  Flex,
+  FormControl,
+  FormLabel,
+  Select,
+  VStack,
+} from "@chakra-ui/react"
+import Editor from "@monaco-editor/react"
+import base64url from "base64url"
+import { randomUUID } from "crypto"
+import Head from "next/head"
+import path from "path"
+import { Fragment, useEffect, useState } from "react"
+import SpinnerOverlay from "../components/SpinnerOverlay"
+import Title from "../components/Title"
+import { WorkerNode } from "../proto/gen/common"
+import { ListHeapProfilingResponse } from "../proto/gen/monitor_service"
+import api from "./api/api"
+import { getClusterInfoComputeNode } from "./api/cluster"
+import useFetch from "./api/fetch"
+
+const SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 200
+
+interface FileList {
+  dir: string
+  name: string[]
+}
+
+export default function HeapProfiling() {
+  const { response: computeNodes } = useFetch(getClusterInfoComputeNode)
+
+  const [computeNodeId, setComputeNodeId] = useState<number>()
+  const [displayInfo, setDisplayInfo] = useState<string | undefined>("")
+  const [profileList, setProfileList] = useState<
+    ListHeapProfilingResponse | undefined
+  >()
+  const [selectedProfileList, setSelectedProfileList] = useState<
+    FileList | undefined
+  >()
+  const [profileType, setProfileType] = useState<string | undefined>("Auto")
+  const [analyzeTargetFileName, setAnalyzeTargetFileName] = useState<
+    string | undefined
+  >()
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (computeNodes && !computeNodeId && computeNodes.length > 0) {
+      setComputeNodeId(computeNodes[0].id)
+    }
+  }, [computeNodes, computeNodeId])
+
+  async function getProfileList(
+    computeNodes: WorkerNode[] | undefined,
+    computeNodeId: number | undefined
+  ) {
+    if (computeNodes && computeNodeId && computeNodes.length > 0) {
+      try {
+        let list: ListHeapProfilingResponse =
+          ListHeapProfilingResponse.fromJSON(
+            await api.get(`/api/monitor/list_heap_profile/${computeNodeId}`)
+          )
+        setProfileList(list)
+      } catch (e: any) {
+        console.error(e)
+        let result = `Getting Profiling File List\n$Error: ${e.message}]`
+        setDisplayInfo(result)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    getProfileList(computeNodes, computeNodeId)
+  }, [computeNodes, computeNodeId])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!profileList) {
+      return
+    }
+    if (profileType === "Auto") {
+      setSelectedProfileList({
+        dir: profileList.dir,
+        name: profileList.nameAuto,
+      })
+    } else if (profileType === "Manually") {
+      setSelectedProfileList({
+        dir: profileList.dir,
+        name: profileList.nameManually,
+      })
+    } else {
+      console.error(`Bad profileType ${profileType}`)
+    }
+  }, [profileType, profileList])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!selectedProfileList) {
+      return
+    }
+    if (selectedProfileList.name.length > 0) {
+      setAnalyzeTargetFileName(selectedProfileList.name[0])
+    }
+  }, [selectedProfileList])
+
+  async function dumpProfile() {
+    api.get(`/api/monitor/dump_heap_profile/${computeNodeId}`)
+    getProfileList(computeNodes, computeNodeId)
+  }
+
+  async function analyzeHeapFile() {
+    if (
+      selectedProfileList === undefined ||
+      analyzeTargetFileName === undefined
+    ) {
+      console.log(
+        `selectedProfileList: ${selectedProfileList}, analyzeTargetFileName: ${analyzeTargetFileName}`
+      )
+      return
+    }
+
+    let analyzeFilePath = path.join(
+      selectedProfileList.dir,
+      analyzeTargetFileName
+    )
+
+    setDisplayInfo(
+      `Analyzing ${analyzeTargetFileName} from Compute Node ${computeNodeId}`
+    )
+
+    const title = `Collapsed Profiling of Compute Node ${computeNodeId} for ${analyzeTargetFileName}`
+
+    let result
+    try {
+      let analyzeFilePathBase64 = base64url(analyzeFilePath)
+      let resObj = await fetch(
+        `/api/monitor/analyze/${computeNodeId}/${analyzeFilePathBase64}`
+      ).then(async (res) => ({
+        filename: res.headers.get("content-disposition"),
+        blob: await res.blob(),
+      }))
+      let objUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(resObj.blob)
+      let link = document.createElement("a")
+      link.href = objUrl
+      link.download = resObj.filename || randomUUID()
+      link.click()
+      result = `${title}\n\nDownloaded!`
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      result = `${title}\n\nError: ${e.message}`
+    }
+
+    setDisplayInfo(result)
+  }
+
+  const retVal = (
+    <Flex p={3} height="calc(50vh - 20px)" flexDirection="column">
+      <Title>Heap Profiling</Title>
+      <Flex flexDirection="row" height="full" width="full">
+        <VStack
+          mr={3}
+          spacing={3}
+          alignItems="flex-start"
+          width={SIDEBAR_WIDTH}
+          height="full"
+        >
+          <FormControl>
+            <FormLabel textColor="teal.500">Dump Heap Profile</FormLabel>
+            <VStack>
+              <FormLabel>Compute Nodes</FormLabel>
+              <Select
+                onChange={(event) =>
+                  setComputeNodeId(parseInt(event.target.value))
+                }
+              >
+                {computeNodes &&
+                  computeNodes.map((n) => (
+                    <option value={n.id} key={n.id}>
+                      ({n.id}) {n.host?.host}:{n.host?.port}
+                    </option>
+                  ))}
+              </Select>
+              <Button onClick={(_) => dumpProfile()} width="full">
+                Dump
+              </Button>
+            </VStack>
+          </FormControl>
+          <FormControl>
+            <FormLabel textColor="teal.500">Analyze Heap Profile</FormLabel>
+            <VStack>
+              <FormLabel>Dumped By</FormLabel>
+              <Select onChange={(event) => setProfileType(event.target.value)}>
+                {["Auto", "Manually"].map((n) => (
+                  <option value={n} key={n}>
+                    {n}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+              <FormLabel>Dumped Files</FormLabel>
+              <Select
+                onChange={(event) =>
+                  setAnalyzeTargetFileName(event.target.value)
+                }
+              >
+                {selectedProfileList &&
+                  selectedProfileList.name.map((n) => (
+                    <option value={n} key={n}>
+                      {n}
+                    </option>
+                  ))}
+              </Select>
+              <Button onClick={(_) => analyzeHeapFile()} width="full">
+                Analyze
+              </Button>
+            </VStack>
+          </FormControl>
+        </VStack>
+        <Box
+          flex={1}
+          height="full"
+          ml={3}
+          overflowX="scroll"
+          overflowY="scroll"
+        >
+          {displayInfo === undefined ? (
+            <SpinnerOverlay></SpinnerOverlay>
+          ) : (
+            <Editor
+              language="sql"
+              options={{
+                fontSize: 13,
+                readOnly: true,
+                renderWhitespace: "boundary",
+                wordWrap: "on",
+              }}
+              defaultValue='Select a compute node and target profiling result file and click "Analyze"...'
+              value={displayInfo}
+            ></Editor>
+          )}
+        </Box>
+      </Flex>
+    </Flex>
+  )
+
+  return (
+    <Fragment>
+      <Head>
+        <title>Heap Profiling</title>
+      </Head>
+      {retVal}
+    </Fragment>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/proto/monitor_service.proto b/proto/monitor_service.proto
index e364a2bff7704..7c7769da6b7ff 100644
--- a/proto/monitor_service.proto
+++ b/proto/monitor_service.proto
@@ -31,8 +31,27 @@ message HeapProfilingRequest {
 
 message HeapProfilingResponse {}
 
+message ListHeapProfilingRequest {}
+message ListHeapProfilingResponse {
+  string dir = 1;
+  repeated string name_manually = 2;
+  repeated string name_auto = 3;
+}
+
+// Analyze dumped files
+message AnalyzeHeapRequest {
+  // The file path
+  string path = 1;
+}
+
+message AnalyzeHeapResponse {
+  bytes result = 1;
+}
+
 service MonitorService {
   rpc StackTrace(StackTraceRequest) returns (StackTraceResponse);
   rpc Profiling(ProfilingRequest) returns (ProfilingResponse);
   rpc HeapProfiling(HeapProfilingRequest) returns (HeapProfilingResponse);
+  rpc ListHeapProfiling(ListHeapProfilingRequest) returns (ListHeapProfilingResponse);
+  rpc AnalyzeHeap(AnalyzeHeapRequest) returns (AnalyzeHeapResponse);
 }
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 5484b2b88c412..92992687c6c2e 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 sysinfo = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
 thiserror = "1"
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["rustc_1_55", "grab_spare_slice"] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 7ad9a29e429c1..2924b5dcdbf6b 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ pub struct ServerConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default::server::telemetry_enabled")]
     pub telemetry_enabled: bool,
 
-    #[serde(default, flatten)]
-    pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
-
     /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
     #[serde(default)]
-    pub auto_dump_heap_profile: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
+    pub heap_profiling: HeapProfilingConfig,
+
+    #[serde(default, flatten)]
+    pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 }
 
 /// The section `[batch]` in `risingwave.toml`.
@@ -657,18 +657,18 @@ impl AsyncStackTraceOption {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, DefaultFromSerde)]
-pub struct AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig {
+pub struct HeapProfilingConfig {
     /// Enable to auto dump heap profile when memory usage is high
-    #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::enabled")]
-    pub enabled: bool,
+    #[serde(default = "default::heap_profiling::enable_auto")]
+    pub enable_auto: bool,
+
+    /// The proportion (number between 0 and 1) of memory usage to trigger heap profile dump
+    #[serde(default = "default::heap_profiling::threshold_auto")]
+    pub threshold_auto: f32,
 
     /// The directory to dump heap profile. If empty, the prefix in `MALLOC_CONF` will be used
-    #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::dir")]
+    #[serde(default = "default::heap_profiling::dir")]
     pub dir: String,
-
-    /// The proportion (number between 0 and 1) of memory usage to trigger heap profile dump
-    #[serde(default = "default::auto_dump_heap_profile::threshold")]
-    pub threshold: f32,
 }
 
 serde_with::with_prefix!(streaming_prefix "stream_");
@@ -736,7 +736,6 @@ pub struct BatchDeveloperConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default::developer::batch_chunk_size")]
     pub chunk_size: usize,
 }
-
 /// The section `[system]` in `risingwave.toml`. All these fields are used to initialize the system
 /// parameters persisted in Meta store. Most fields are for testing purpose only and should not be
 /// documented.
@@ -1125,17 +1124,17 @@ pub mod default {
         }
     }
 
-    pub mod auto_dump_heap_profile {
-        pub fn enabled() -> bool {
+    pub mod heap_profiling {
+        pub fn enable_auto() -> bool {
             true
         }
 
-        pub fn dir() -> String {
-            "".to_string()
+        pub fn threshold_auto() -> f32 {
+            0.9
         }
 
-        pub fn threshold() -> f32 {
-            0.9
+        pub fn dir() -> String {
+            "./".to_string()
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5c79c67604418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::{env, fs};
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+pub async fn run(profile_path: String, collapsed_path: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let executable_path = env::current_exe()?;
+
+    let prof_cmd = move || {
+        Command::new("jeprof")
+            .arg("--collapsed")
+            .arg(executable_path)
+            .arg(Path::new(&profile_path))
+            .output()
+    };
+    match tokio::task::spawn_blocking(prof_cmd).await.unwrap() {
+        Ok(output) => {
+            if output.status.success() {
+                fs::write(Path::new(&collapsed_path), &output.stdout)?;
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(anyhow!(
+                    "jeprof exit with an error. stdout: {}, stderr: {}",
+                    String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+                    String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+                )
+                .into())
+            }
+        }
+        Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7ab270bdecca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub const MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME: &str = "manually-dump.compute.heap";
+pub const AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME: &str = "auto-dump.compute.heap";
+pub const COLLAPSED_SUFFIX: &str = "collapsed";
+
+pub mod jeprof;
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index da58e53b8c52d..86d29213374a0 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod vnode_mapping;
 
+pub mod heap_profiling;
 pub mod range;
 
 pub mod test_prelude {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/lib.rs b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
index e19bdaeb1427a..ba53ebb2d3aef 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ pub struct ComputeNodeOpts {
     pub async_stack_trace: Option<AsyncStackTraceOption>,
 
     /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_AUTO_DUMP_HEAP_PROFILE_DIR")]
-    #[override_opts(path = server.auto_dump_heap_profile.dir)]
-    pub auto_dump_heap_profile_dir: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_HEAP_PROFILING_DIR")]
+    #[override_opts(path = server.heap_profiling.dir)]
+    pub heap_profiling_dir: Option<String>,
 
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
     #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms)]
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
index 656d42ed54422..4f011debd77d6 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig;
+use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::SystemParamsReaderRef;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
@@ -47,15 +47,13 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
     pub fn new(
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         total_memory_bytes: usize,
-        auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
+        heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
     ) -> Arc<Self> {
         let memory_control_policy =
-            build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes, auto_dump_heap_profile_config.clone());
+            build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes, heap_profiling_config.clone());
         tracing::info!("memory control policy: {:?}", &memory_control_policy);
 
-        if auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled {
-            fs::create_dir_all(&auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir).unwrap();
-        }
+        fs::create_dir_all(&heap_profiling_config.dir).unwrap();
         Arc::new(Self {
             watermark_epoch: Arc::new(0.into()),
             metrics,
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 0b45f92bfb4a1..6d41eaac9955f 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::{AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig, StorageConfig, StorageMemoryConfig};
+use risingwave_common::config::{HeapProfilingConfig, StorageConfig, StorageMemoryConfig};
 use risingwave_common::util::pretty_bytes::convert;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ pub trait MemoryControl: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug {
 
 pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
     total_memory_bytes: usize,
-    auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
+    heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
 ) -> MemoryControlRef {
     use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
 
     if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
         Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
             total_memory_bytes,
-            auto_dump_heap_profile_config,
+            heap_profiling_config,
         ))
     } else {
         // We disable memory control on operating systems other than Linux now because jemalloc
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 005edb813f823..9d450a4f38fc4 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use chrono;
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig;
+use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ pub struct JemallocMemoryControl {
     jemalloc_dump_mib: jemalloc_prof::dump_mib,
 
     dump_seq: u64,
-    auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
+    heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
 }
 
 impl JemallocMemoryControl {
@@ -51,15 +52,12 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
     const THRESHOLD_GRACEFUL: f64 = 0.8;
     const THRESHOLD_STABLE: f64 = 0.7;
 
-    pub fn new(
-        total_memory: usize,
-        auto_dump_heap_profile_config: AutoDumpHeapProfileConfig,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(total_memory: usize, heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig) -> Self {
         let threshold_stable = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_STABLE) as usize;
         let threshold_graceful = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_GRACEFUL) as usize;
         let threshold_aggressive = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_AGGRESSIVE) as usize;
         let threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile =
-            (total_memory as f64 * auto_dump_heap_profile_config.threshold as f64) as usize;
+            (total_memory as f64 * heap_profiling_config.threshold_auto as f64) as usize;
 
         let jemalloc_epoch_mib = jemalloc_epoch::mib().unwrap();
         let jemalloc_allocated_mib = jemalloc_stats::allocated::mib().unwrap();
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             jemalloc_active_mib,
             jemalloc_dump_mib,
             dump_seq: 0,
-            auto_dump_heap_profile_config,
+            heap_profiling_config,
         }
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
     }
 
     fn dump_heap_prof(&self, cur_used_memory_bytes: usize, prev_used_memory_bytes: usize) {
-        if !self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.enabled {
+        if !self.heap_profiling_config.enable_auto {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -116,23 +114,13 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             }
 
             let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-            let file_name = format!(
-                "{}.exceed-threshold-aggressive-heap-prof.compute.dump.{}\0",
-                time_prefix, self.dump_seq,
-            );
+            let file_name = format!("{}.{}.{}\0", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME, self.dump_seq,);
 
-            let file_path = if !self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir.is_empty() {
-                Path::new(&self.auto_dump_heap_profile_config.dir)
-                    .join(Path::new(&file_name))
-                    .to_str()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .to_string()
-            } else {
-                let prof_prefix = jemalloc_opt::prof_prefix::read().unwrap();
-                let mut file_path = prof_prefix.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
-                file_path.push_str(&file_name);
-                file_path
-            };
+            let file_path = Path::new(&self.heap_profiling_config.dir)
+                .join(Path::new(&file_name))
+                .to_str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_string();
 
             let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.into_boxed_str());
             let file_path_bytes = unsafe { file_path_str.as_bytes_mut() };
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 01f1ed6d1c4cf..02b89f5bdf4bf 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,20 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::config::ServerConfig;
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::{
+    self, AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX, MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorService;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
-    HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
+    AnalyzeHeapRequest, AnalyzeHeapResponse, HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse,
+    ListHeapProfilingRequest, ListHeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
     StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse,
 };
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
@@ -27,16 +35,19 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 pub struct MonitorServiceImpl {
     stream_mgr: Arc<LocalStreamManager>,
     grpc_await_tree_reg: Option<AwaitTreeRegistryRef>,
+    server_config: ServerConfig,
 }
 
 impl MonitorServiceImpl {
     pub fn new(
         stream_mgr: Arc<LocalStreamManager>,
         grpc_await_tree_reg: Option<AwaitTreeRegistryRef>,
+        server_config: ServerConfig,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             stream_mgr,
             grpc_await_tree_reg,
+            server_config,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -129,8 +140,13 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }
 
         let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-        let file_name = format!("{}.risectl-dump-heap-prof.compute.dump\0", time_prefix,);
-        let dir = PathBuf::from(request.into_inner().get_dir());
+        let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME);
+        let arg_dir = request.into_inner().get_dir().clone();
+        let dir = PathBuf::from(if arg_dir.is_empty() {
+            &self.server_config.heap_profiling.dir
+        } else {
+            &arg_dir
+        });
         create_dir_all(&dir)?;
 
         let file_path_buf = dir.join(file_name);
@@ -144,7 +160,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         let response = if let Err(e) = tikv_jemalloc_ctl::prof::dump::write(
             CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap(),
         ) {
-            tracing::warn!("Risectl Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
+            tracing::warn!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
             Err(Status::internal(e.to_string()))
         } else {
             Ok(Response::new(HeapProfilingResponse {}))
@@ -152,6 +168,64 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_path_ptr) };
         response
     }
+
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    async fn list_heap_profiling(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ListHeapProfilingRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ListHeapProfilingResponse>, Status> {
+        let dump_dir = self.server_config.heap_profiling.dir.clone();
+        let auto_dump_files_name: Vec<_> = fs::read_dir(dump_dir.clone())?
+            .map(|entry| {
+                let entry = entry?;
+                Ok::<_, Status>(entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string())
+            })
+            .filter(|name| {
+                if let Ok(name) = name {
+                    name.contains(AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
+                } else {
+                    true
+                }
+            })
+            .try_collect()?;
+        let manually_dump_files_name: Vec<_> = fs::read_dir(dump_dir.clone())?
+            .map(|entry| {
+                let entry = entry?;
+                Ok::<_, Status>(entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string())
+            })
+            .filter(|name| {
+                if let Ok(name) = name {
+                    name.contains(MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
+                } else {
+                    true
+                }
+            })
+            .try_collect()?;
+
+        Ok(Response::new(ListHeapProfilingResponse {
+            dir: dump_dir,
+            name_auto: auto_dump_files_name,
+            name_manually: manually_dump_files_name,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    async fn analyze_heap(
+        &self,
+        request: Request<AnalyzeHeapRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<AnalyzeHeapResponse>, Status> {
+        let dumped_path_str = request.into_inner().get_path().clone();
+        let collapsed_path_str = format!("{}.{}", dumped_path_str, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX);
+        let collapsed_path = Path::new(&collapsed_path_str);
+
+        // run jeprof if the target was not analyzed before
+        if !collapsed_path.exists() {
+            heap_profiling::jeprof::run(dumped_path_str, collapsed_path_str.clone()).await?;
+        }
+
+        let file = fs::read(Path::new(&collapsed_path_str))?;
+        Ok(Response::new(AnalyzeHeapResponse { result: file }))
+    }
 }
 
 pub use grpc_middleware::*;
diff --git a/src/compute/src/server.rs b/src/compute/src/server.rs
index aef6895ad6b5b..a86bf198efaf4 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/server.rs
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
     let memory_mgr = GlobalMemoryManager::new(
         streaming_metrics.clone(),
         total_memory_bytes,
-        config.server.auto_dump_heap_profile.clone(),
+        config.server.heap_profiling.clone(),
     );
     // Run a background memory monitor
     tokio::spawn(memory_mgr.clone().run(
@@ -372,7 +372,11 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
     let exchange_srv =
         ExchangeServiceImpl::new(batch_mgr.clone(), stream_mgr.clone(), exchange_srv_metrics);
     let stream_srv = StreamServiceImpl::new(stream_mgr.clone(), stream_env.clone());
-    let monitor_srv = MonitorServiceImpl::new(stream_mgr.clone(), grpc_await_tree_reg.clone());
+    let monitor_srv = MonitorServiceImpl::new(
+        stream_mgr.clone(),
+        grpc_await_tree_reg.clone(),
+        config.server.clone(),
+    );
     let config_srv = ConfigServiceImpl::new(batch_mgr, stream_mgr);
     let health_srv = HealthServiceImpl::new();
 
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index 603d0b5cc2bba..c2456a59e45b3 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ connection_pool_size = 16
 metrics_level = "Info"
 telemetry_enabled = true
 
-[server.auto_dump_heap_profile]
-enabled = true
-dir = ""
-threshold = 0.8999999761581421
+[server.heap_profiling]
+enable_auto = true
+threshold_auto = 0.8999999761581421
+dir = "./"
 
 [meta]
 min_sst_retention_time_sec = 86400
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/profile.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/profile.rs
index 0069adee37687..fc487f1d2c17d 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/profile.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/profile.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ pub async fn cpu_profile(context: &CtlContext, sleep_s: u64) -> anyhow::Result<(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub async fn heap_profile(context: &CtlContext, dir: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+pub async fn heap_profile(context: &CtlContext, dir: Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let dir = dir.unwrap_or_default();
     let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
 
     let workers = meta_client.get_cluster_info().await?.worker_nodes;
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index adcb6cf3b3472..45e61f80b5fae 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ pub enum ProfileCommands {
     Heap {
         /// The output directory of the dumped file
         #[clap(long = "dir")]
-        dir: String,
+        dir: Option<String>,
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index d8401cc5a7f71..cd81265e5f733 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ assert_matches = "1"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 aws-config = { workspace = true }
 aws-sdk-ec2 = { workspace = true }
+base64-url = { version = "2.0.0" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive", "env"] }
 crepe = "0.1"
diff --git a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
index a08eaa70cf515..2ebc9d924f50b 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ mod proxy;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::path::Path as FilePath;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use axum::body::Body;
+use axum::body::{boxed, Body};
 use axum::extract::{Extension, Path};
 use axum::http::{Method, StatusCode};
-use axum::response::IntoResponse;
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
 use axum::routing::{get, get_service};
 use axum::Router;
 use hyper::Request;
@@ -45,8 +46,7 @@ pub struct DashboardService {
     pub cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
     pub fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
     pub compute_clients: ComputeClientPool,
-
-    // TODO: replace with catalog manager.
+    pub ui_path: Option<String>,
     pub meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
 }
 
@@ -56,11 +56,15 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
     use anyhow::Context;
     use axum::Json;
     use itertools::Itertools;
+    use risingwave_common::bail;
+    use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::COLLAPSED_SUFFIX;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::{Sink, Source, Table};
     use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
     use risingwave_pb::meta::{ActorLocation, PbTableFragments};
-    use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::StackTraceResponse;
+    use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
+        HeapProfilingResponse, ListHeapProfilingResponse, StackTraceResponse,
+    };
     use serde_json::json;
 
     use super::*;
@@ -75,6 +79,12 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
         DashboardError(err.into())
     }
 
+    impl From<anyhow::Error> for DashboardError {
+        fn from(value: anyhow::Error) -> Self {
+            DashboardError(value)
+        }
+    }
+
     impl IntoResponse for DashboardError {
         fn into_response(self) -> axum::response::Response {
             let mut resp = Json(json!({
@@ -206,11 +216,93 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
 
         Ok(result.into())
     }
+
+    pub async fn heap_profile(
+        Path(worker_id): Path<WorkerId>,
+        Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
+    ) -> Result<Json<HeapProfilingResponse>> {
+        let worker_node = srv
+            .cluster_manager
+            .get_worker_by_id(worker_id)
+            .await
+            .context("worker node not found")
+            .map_err(err)?
+            .worker_node;
+
+        let client = srv.compute_clients.get(&worker_node).await.map_err(err)?;
+
+        let result = client.heap_profile("".to_string()).await.map_err(err)?;
+
+        Ok(result.into())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_heap_profile(
+        Path(worker_id): Path<WorkerId>,
+        Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
+    ) -> Result<Json<ListHeapProfilingResponse>> {
+        let worker_node = srv
+            .cluster_manager
+            .get_worker_by_id(worker_id)
+            .await
+            .context("worker node not found")
+            .map_err(err)?
+            .worker_node;
+
+        let client = srv.compute_clients.get(&worker_node).await.map_err(err)?;
+
+        let result = client.list_heap_profile().await.map_err(err)?;
+        Ok(result.into())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn analyze_heap(
+        Path((worker_id, file_path)): Path<(WorkerId, String)>,
+        Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
+    ) -> Result<Response> {
+        if srv.ui_path.is_none() {
+            bail!("Should provide ui_path");
+        }
+
+        let file_path =
+            String::from_utf8(base64_url::decode(&file_path).map_err(err)?).map_err(err)?;
+
+        let file_name = FilePath::new(&file_path)
+            .file_name()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string();
+
+        let collapsed_file_name = format!("{}.{}", file_name, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX);
+
+        let worker_node = srv
+            .cluster_manager
+            .get_worker_by_id(worker_id)
+            .await
+            .context("worker node not found")
+            .map_err(err)?
+            .worker_node;
+
+        let client = srv.compute_clients.get(&worker_node).await.map_err(err)?;
+
+        let collapsed_bin = client
+            .analyze_heap(file_path.clone())
+            .await
+            .map_err(err)?
+            .result;
+        let collapsed_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&collapsed_bin).to_string();
+
+        let response = Response::builder()
+            .header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+            .header("Content-Disposition", collapsed_file_name)
+            .body(boxed(collapsed_str));
+
+        response.map_err(err)
+    }
 }
 
 impl DashboardService {
-    pub async fn serve(self, ui_path: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub async fn serve(self) -> Result<()> {
         use handlers::*;
+        let ui_path = self.ui_path.clone();
         let srv = Arc::new(self);
 
         let cors_layer = CorsLayer::new()
@@ -233,6 +325,12 @@ impl DashboardService {
                 get(prometheus::list_prometheus_actor_back_pressure),
             )
             .route("/monitor/await_tree/:worker_id", get(dump_await_tree))
+            .route("/monitor/dump_heap_profile/:worker_id", get(heap_profile))
+            .route(
+                "/monitor/list_heap_profile/:worker_id",
+                get(list_heap_profile),
+            )
+            .route("/monitor/analyze/:worker_id/*path", get(analyze_heap))
             .layer(
                 ServiceBuilder::new()
                     .layer(AddExtensionLayer::new(srv.clone()))
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
index cb64adc13dae9..53000dee54f40 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
 ) -> MetaResult<()> {
     tracing::info!("Defining leader services");
     let prometheus_endpoint = opts.prometheus_endpoint.clone();
-    let env = MetaSrvEnv::new(opts, init_system_params, meta_store.clone()).await?;
+    let env = MetaSrvEnv::new(opts.clone(), init_system_params, meta_store.clone()).await?;
     let fragment_manager = Arc::new(FragmentManager::new(env.clone()).await.unwrap());
 
     let system_params_manager = env.system_params_manager_ref();
@@ -426,8 +426,9 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
             fragment_manager: fragment_manager.clone(),
             compute_clients: ComputeClientPool::default(),
             meta_store: env.meta_store_ref(),
+            ui_path: address_info.ui_path,
         };
-        let task = tokio::spawn(dashboard_service.serve(address_info.ui_path));
+        let task = tokio::spawn(dashboard_service.serve());
         Some(task)
     } else {
         None
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/compute_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/compute_client.rs
index aac767570052e..15516380bd418 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/compute_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/compute_client.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::compute::config_service_client::ConfigServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::compute::{ShowConfigRequest, ShowConfigResponse};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_client::MonitorServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
-    HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
+    AnalyzeHeapRequest, AnalyzeHeapResponse, HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse,
+    ListHeapProfilingRequest, ListHeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
     StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::task_service::exchange_service_client::ExchangeServiceClient;
@@ -211,6 +212,24 @@ impl ComputeClient {
             .into_inner())
     }
 
+    pub async fn list_heap_profile(&self) -> Result<ListHeapProfilingResponse> {
+        Ok(self
+            .monitor_client
+            .to_owned()
+            .list_heap_profiling(ListHeapProfilingRequest {})
+            .await?
+            .into_inner())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn analyze_heap(&self, path: String) -> Result<AnalyzeHeapResponse> {
+        Ok(self
+            .monitor_client
+            .to_owned()
+            .analyze_heap(AnalyzeHeapRequest { path })
+            .await?
+            .into_inner())
+    }
+
     pub async fn show_config(&self) -> Result<ShowConfigResponse> {
         Ok(self
             .config_client
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
index 80f146d30f5ed..d7f01115610f1 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::compactor::compactor_service_server::CompactorService;
 use risingwave_pb::compactor::{EchoRequest, EchoResponse};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorService;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
-    HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
+    AnalyzeHeapRequest, AnalyzeHeapResponse, HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse,
+    ListHeapProfilingRequest, ListHeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
     StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse,
 };
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
@@ -83,4 +84,22 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             "Heap profiling unimplemented in compactor",
         ))
     }
+
+    async fn list_heap_profiling(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ListHeapProfilingRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ListHeapProfilingResponse>, Status> {
+        Err(Status::unimplemented(
+            "Heap profiling unimplemented in compactor",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    async fn analyze_heap(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<AnalyzeHeapRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<AnalyzeHeapResponse>, Status> {
+        Err(Status::unimplemented(
+            "Heap profiling unimplemented in compactor",
+        ))
+    }
 }

From cbdc1acb67e7b366e51f58bb7d05568664191d28 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huangjw <1223644280@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 16:22:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 090/430] chore(ci): move release jobs to main-cron pipeline
 (#12339)

---
 ci/workflows/docker.yml    |  2 +-
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/docker.yml b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
index 91b3dadfcf28a..d313195ae2eb7 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ steps:
             DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "release"
+  - label: "pre build binary"
     command: "ci/scripts/release.sh"
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index 1be478a3c21b4..462bdbf526038 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -581,3 +581,66 @@ steps:
           - "17"
     timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "release"
+    command: "ci/scripts/release.sh"
+    if: build.tag != null
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: release-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - GITHUB_TOKEN
+            - BUILDKITE_TAG
+            - BUILDKITE_SOURCE
+    timeout_in_minutes: 60
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "release docker image: amd64"
+    command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
+    key: "build-amd64"
+    if: build.tag != null
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
+            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
+            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
+            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
+    timeout_in_minutes: 60
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "docker-build-push: aarch64"
+    command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
+    key: "build-aarch64"
+    if: build.tag != null
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
+            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
+            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
+            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
+    timeout_in_minutes: 60
+    agents:
+      queue: "linux-arm64"
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "multi arch image create push"
+    command: "ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh"
+    if: build.tag != null
+    depends_on:
+      - "build-amd64"
+      - "build-aarch64"
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            GHCR_USERNAME: ghcr-username
+            GHCR_TOKEN: ghcr-token
+            DOCKER_TOKEN: docker-token
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry

From c82fc9cf7ff1cad6a514f6ab723d47d6836c1bae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 08:37:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 091/430] chore(deps): Bump chrono from 0.4.30 to 0.4.31
 (#12359)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                               | 4 ++--
 src/common/src/types/datetime.rs                         | 2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/message.rs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a7e376422e966..2519cf2a63356 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1493,9 +1493,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.30"
+version = "0.4.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "defd4e7873dbddba6c7c91e199c7fcb946abc4a6a4ac3195400bcfb01b5de877"
+checksum = "7f2c685bad3eb3d45a01354cedb7d5faa66194d1d58ba6e267a8de788f79db38"
 dependencies = [
  "android-tzdata",
  "iana-time-zone",
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs b/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
index dd02713e8f217..69f049736cb97 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ impl Timestamp {
     }
 
     pub fn get_timestamp_nanos(&self) -> i64 {
-        self.0.timestamp_nanos()
+        self.0.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap()
     }
 
     pub fn with_micros(timestamp_micros: i64) -> Result<Self> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/message.rs b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/message.rs
index 490dc86234348..398ae82febade 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/message.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/message.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl From<TaggedReceivedMessage> for SourceMessage {
                     _ => Some(payload),
                 }
             },
-            offset: timestamp.timestamp_nanos().to_string(),
+            offset: timestamp.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap().to_string(),
             split_id,
             meta: SourceMeta::GooglePubsub(GooglePubsubMeta {
                 timestamp: Some(timestamp.timestamp_millis()),

From 83d970f9430027e317945016e10d830f3b9fe3cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 16:45:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 092/430] feat(metrics): improve backpressure metrics (#12353)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |  2 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 10 +--
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |  2 +-
 .../risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py    |  6 +-
 grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json        |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs           | 84 +++++++++++++++++--
 src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs  |  1 +
 src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs              |  3 +-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   |  6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs           |  7 +-
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs         |  5 +-
 12 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index f77c96fcf853c..7124176909caa 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 0044f24f3313f..25870e98d782c 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 98869325bb63d..37f3872df52e1 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -900,14 +900,14 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_percentage(
-                    "Actor Backpressure",
+                    "Actor Output Blocking Time Ratio (Backpressure)",
                     "We first record the total blocking duration(ns) of output buffer of each actor. It shows how "
                     "much time it takes an actor to process a message, i.e. a barrier, a watermark or rows of data, "
                     "on average. Then we divide this duration by 1 second and show it as a percentage.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval]) / 1000000000",
-                            "{{actor_id}}",
+                            f"avg(rate({metric('stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval])) by (fragment_id, downstream_fragment_id) / 1000000000",
+                            "fragment {{fragment_id}}->{{downstream_fragment_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -947,8 +947,8 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     "",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval]) / 1000000000",
-                            "{{actor_id}}->{{upstream_fragment_id}}",
+                            f"avg(rate({metric('stream_actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval])) by (fragment_id, upstream_fragment_id) / 1000000000",
+                            "fragment {{fragment_id}}<-{{upstream_fragment_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index f77c96fcf853c..7124176909caa 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
index dfe12c34904a5..3ff1f2fe3a753 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -672,14 +672,14 @@ def section_streaming(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_percentage(
-                    "Actor Backpressure",
+                    "Actor Output Blocking Time Ratio (Backpressure)",
                     "We first record the total blocking duration(ns) of output buffer of each actor. It shows how "
                     "much time it takes an actor to process a message, i.e. a barrier, a watermark or rows of data, "
                     "on average. Then we divide this duration by 1 second and show it as a percentage.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval]) / 1000000000",
-                            "{{actor_id}}",
+                            f"avg(rate({metric('stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns')}[$__rate_interval])) by (fragment_id, downstream_fragment_id) / 1000000000",
+                            "fragment {{fragment_id}}->{{downstream_fragment_id}}",
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 0044f24f3313f..25870e98d782c 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
index 024b830161ccf..fdf67eafcd5c5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ struct DispatchExecutorInner {
     dispatchers: Vec<DispatcherImpl>,
     actor_id: u32,
     actor_id_str: String,
+    fragment_id_str: String,
     context: Arc<SharedContext>,
     metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
 }
@@ -66,24 +67,50 @@ impl DispatchExecutorInner {
     }
 
     async fn dispatch(&mut self, msg: Message) -> StreamResult<()> {
-        let start_time = Instant::now();
         match msg {
             Message::Watermark(watermark) => {
                 for dispatcher in &mut self.dispatchers {
+                    let start_time = Instant::now();
                     dispatcher.dispatch_watermark(watermark.clone()).await?;
+                    self.metrics
+                        .actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
+                        .with_label_values(&[
+                            &self.actor_id_str,
+                            &self.fragment_id_str,
+                            dispatcher.dispatcher_id_str(),
+                        ])
+                        .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                 }
             }
             Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                 self.metrics
                     .actor_out_record_cnt
-                    .with_label_values(&[&self.actor_id_str])
+                    .with_label_values(&[&self.actor_id_str, &self.fragment_id_str])
                     .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
                 if self.dispatchers.len() == 1 {
                     // special clone optimization when there is only one downstream dispatcher
+                    let start_time = Instant::now();
                     self.single_inner_mut().dispatch_data(chunk).await?;
+                    self.metrics
+                        .actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
+                        .with_label_values(&[
+                            &self.actor_id_str,
+                            &self.fragment_id_str,
+                            self.dispatchers[0].dispatcher_id_str(),
+                        ])
+                        .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                 } else {
                     for dispatcher in &mut self.dispatchers {
+                        let start_time = Instant::now();
                         dispatcher.dispatch_data(chunk.clone()).await?;
+                        self.metrics
+                            .actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
+                            .with_label_values(&[
+                                &self.actor_id_str,
+                                &self.fragment_id_str,
+                                dispatcher.dispatcher_id_str(),
+                            ])
+                            .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -91,15 +118,20 @@ impl DispatchExecutorInner {
                 let mutation = barrier.mutation.clone();
                 self.pre_mutate_dispatchers(&mutation)?;
                 for dispatcher in &mut self.dispatchers {
+                    let start_time = Instant::now();
                     dispatcher.dispatch_barrier(barrier.clone()).await?;
+                    self.metrics
+                        .actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
+                        .with_label_values(&[
+                            &self.actor_id_str,
+                            &self.fragment_id_str,
+                            dispatcher.dispatcher_id_str(),
+                        ])
+                        .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                 }
                 self.post_mutate_dispatchers(&mutation)?;
             }
         };
-        self.metrics
-            .actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
-            .with_label_values(&[&self.actor_id_str])
-            .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -253,6 +285,7 @@ impl DispatchExecutor {
         input: BoxedExecutor,
         dispatchers: Vec<DispatcherImpl>,
         actor_id: u32,
+        fragment_id: u32,
         context: Arc<SharedContext>,
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -262,6 +295,7 @@ impl DispatchExecutor {
                 dispatchers,
                 actor_id,
                 actor_id_str: actor_id.to_string(),
+                fragment_id_str: fragment_id.to_string(),
                 context,
                 metrics,
             },
@@ -411,6 +445,12 @@ macro_rules! impl_dispatcher {
                 }
             }
 
+            pub fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str {
+                match self {
+                    $(Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.dispatcher_id_str(), )*
+                }
+            }
+
             pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
                 match self {
                     $(Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.is_empty(), )*
@@ -450,8 +490,14 @@ pub trait Dispatcher: Debug + 'static {
 
     /// The ID of the dispatcher. A [`DispatchExecutor`] may have multiple dispatchers with
     /// different IDs.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the dispatcher id is always equal to the downstream fragment id.
+    /// See also `proto/stream_plan.proto`.
     fn dispatcher_id(&self) -> DispatcherId;
 
+    /// Dispatcher id in string. See [`Dispatcher::dispatcher_id`].
+    fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str;
+
     /// Whether the dispatcher has no outputs. If so, it'll be cleaned up from the
     /// [`DispatchExecutor`].
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool;
@@ -463,6 +509,7 @@ pub struct RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     cur: usize,
     dispatcher_id: DispatcherId,
+    dispatcher_id_str: String,
 }
 
 impl RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
@@ -476,6 +523,7 @@ impl RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
             output_indices,
             cur: 0,
             dispatcher_id,
+            dispatcher_id_str: dispatcher_id.to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -522,6 +570,10 @@ impl Dispatcher for RoundRobinDataDispatcher {
         self.dispatcher_id
     }
 
+    fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.dispatcher_id_str
+    }
+
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.outputs.is_empty()
     }
@@ -535,6 +587,7 @@ pub struct HashDataDispatcher {
     /// different downstream actors.
     hash_mapping: ExpandedActorMapping,
     dispatcher_id: DispatcherId,
+    dispatcher_id_str: String,
 }
 
 impl Debug for HashDataDispatcher {
@@ -561,6 +614,7 @@ impl HashDataDispatcher {
             output_indices,
             hash_mapping,
             dispatcher_id,
+            dispatcher_id_str: dispatcher_id.to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -674,6 +728,10 @@ impl Dispatcher for HashDataDispatcher {
         self.dispatcher_id
     }
 
+    fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.dispatcher_id_str
+    }
+
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.outputs.is_empty()
     }
@@ -685,6 +743,7 @@ pub struct BroadcastDispatcher {
     outputs: HashMap<ActorId, BoxedOutput>,
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     dispatcher_id: DispatcherId,
+    dispatcher_id_str: String,
 }
 
 impl BroadcastDispatcher {
@@ -697,6 +756,7 @@ impl BroadcastDispatcher {
             outputs: Self::into_pairs(outputs).collect(),
             output_indices,
             dispatcher_id,
+            dispatcher_id_str: dispatcher_id.to_string(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -749,6 +809,10 @@ impl Dispatcher for BroadcastDispatcher {
         self.dispatcher_id
     }
 
+    fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.dispatcher_id_str
+    }
+
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.outputs.is_empty()
     }
@@ -773,6 +837,7 @@ pub struct SimpleDispatcher {
     output: SmallVec<[BoxedOutput; 2]>,
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     dispatcher_id: DispatcherId,
+    dispatcher_id_str: String,
 }
 
 impl SimpleDispatcher {
@@ -785,6 +850,7 @@ impl SimpleDispatcher {
             output: smallvec![output],
             output_indices,
             dispatcher_id,
+            dispatcher_id_str: dispatcher_id.to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -836,6 +902,10 @@ impl Dispatcher for SimpleDispatcher {
         self.dispatcher_id
     }
 
+    fn dispatcher_id_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.dispatcher_id_str
+    }
+
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.output.is_empty()
     }
@@ -970,6 +1040,7 @@ mod tests {
         let _schema = Schema { fields: vec![] };
         let (tx, rx) = channel_for_test();
         let actor_id = 233;
+        let fragment_id = 666;
         let input = Box::new(ReceiverExecutor::for_test(rx));
         let ctx = Arc::new(SharedContext::for_test());
         let metrics = Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused());
@@ -1017,6 +1088,7 @@ mod tests {
             input,
             vec![broadcast_dispatcher, simple_dispatcher],
             actor_id,
+            fragment_id,
             ctx.clone(),
             metrics,
         ))
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
index b0382aa12f342..7a6c6f53301ca 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ async fn test_merger_sum_aggr() {
             0,
         ))],
         0,
+        0,
         ctx,
         metrics,
     );
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
index dad7bf4ea3abb..e317509555839 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ impl MergeExecutor {
         let select_all = SelectReceivers::new(self.actor_context.id, self.upstreams);
         let actor_id = self.actor_context.id;
         let actor_id_str = actor_id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.fragment_id.to_string();
         let mut upstream_fragment_id_str = self.upstream_fragment_id.to_string();
 
         // Channels that're blocked by the barrier to align.
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ impl MergeExecutor {
         while let Some(msg) = select_all.next().await {
             self.metrics
                 .actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
-                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &upstream_fragment_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, &upstream_fragment_id_str])
                 .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
             let mut msg: Message = msg?;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 2fc0c1b8b3b7d..dc2c83c0d4bef 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
             "Total blocking duration (ns) of output buffer",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "downstream_fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
             "Total blocking duration (ns) of input buffer",
-            &["actor_id", "upstream_fragment_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "upstream_fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_out_record_cnt = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_out_record_cnt",
             "Total number of rows actor sent",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
index 1c0e7c6399a56..64c4bfabc1b58 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ impl Executor for ReceiverExecutor {
     fn execute(mut self: Box<Self>) -> BoxedMessageStream {
         let actor_id = self.actor_context.id;
         let actor_id_str = actor_id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.fragment_id.to_string();
         let mut upstream_fragment_id_str = self.upstream_fragment_id.to_string();
 
         let stream = #[try_stream]
@@ -124,7 +125,11 @@ impl Executor for ReceiverExecutor {
             while let Some(msg) = self.input.next().await {
                 self.metrics
                     .actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns
-                    .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &upstream_fragment_id_str])
+                    .with_label_values(&[
+                        &actor_id_str,
+                        &fragment_id_str,
+                        &upstream_fragment_id_str,
+                    ])
                     .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                 let mut msg: Message = msg?;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index 2abc8212e2984..5129f04d5e8ce 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         input: BoxedExecutor,
         dispatchers: &[stream_plan::Dispatcher],
         actor_id: ActorId,
+        fragment_id: FragmentId,
     ) -> StreamResult<DispatchExecutor> {
         let dispatcher_impls = dispatchers
             .iter()
@@ -456,6 +457,7 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
             input,
             dispatcher_impls,
             actor_id,
+            fragment_id,
             self.context.clone(),
             self.streaming_metrics.clone(),
         ))
@@ -638,7 +640,8 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
                 .may_trace_hummock()
                 .await?;
 
-            let dispatcher = self.create_dispatcher(executor, &actor.dispatcher, actor_id)?;
+            let dispatcher =
+                self.create_dispatcher(executor, &actor.dispatcher, actor_id, actor.fragment_id)?;
             let actor = Actor::new(
                 dispatcher,
                 subtasks,

From 3d2fb5f107930ee0ce0b9efc16ba15f7e43f3d5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 08:50:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 093/430] chore(deps): Bump proc-macro2 from 1.0.66 to 1.0.67
 (#12289)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>

From ff7667a76330bbbc852e720d1b26cd0f9926bb50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 17:23:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 094/430] fix: fix source schema display (#12375)

---
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index a4d993a126f64..25fb429c61200 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ impl SourceSchema {
 
 impl fmt::Display for SourceSchema {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "ROW FORMAT ")?;
         match self {
             SourceSchema::Protobuf(protobuf_schema) => write!(f, "PROTOBUF {}", protobuf_schema),
             SourceSchema::Json => write!(f, "JSON"),

From 8003961b073e59c9073e501205009123829db5c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 17:24:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 095/430] chore: add compatible notice for old row format
 syntax (#12373)

---
 src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs           |  3 ++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs      |  5 ++++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/explain.rs            | 11 +++++++----
 src/frontend/src/handler/mod.rs                | 12 +++++++-----
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs             |  9 ++++++---
 6 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
index 048851ebd17da..fee910f59f066 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
@@ -418,7 +418,8 @@ impl TestCase {
                 } => {
                     // TODO(st1page): refacor it
                     let notice = Default::default();
-                    let source_schema = source_schema.map(|schema| schema.into_source_schema_v2());
+                    let source_schema =
+                        source_schema.map(|schema| schema.into_source_schema_v2().0);
 
                     create_table::handle_create_table(
                         handler_args,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
index 35524e70e7f1e..1a6d02b963e9d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_table_column.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub async fn handle_alter_table_column(
     };
     let source_schema = source_schema
         .clone()
-        .map(|source_schema| source_schema.into_source_schema_v2());
+        .map(|source_schema| source_schema.into_source_schema_v2().0);
 
     if let Some(source_schema) = &source_schema {
         if schema_has_schema_registry(source_schema) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index a8f59bd5ccc61..993d23084d21f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -1068,7 +1068,10 @@ pub async fn handle_create_source(
         )));
     }
 
-    let source_schema = stmt.source_schema.into_source_schema_v2();
+    let (source_schema, notice) = stmt.source_schema.into_source_schema_v2();
+    if let Some(notice) = notice {
+        session.notice_to_user(notice)
+    };
 
     let mut with_properties = handler_args.with_options.into_inner().into_iter().collect();
     validate_compatibility(&source_schema, &mut with_properties)?;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/explain.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/explain.rs
index b31aa33aff8d0..5de7ec95b38bd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/explain.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/explain.rs
@@ -63,10 +63,13 @@ async fn do_handle_explain(
                 ..
             } => {
                 // TODO(st1page): refacor it
-                let notice: Option<String> = Default::default();
-
-                let source_schema =
-                    source_schema.map(|source_schema| source_schema.into_source_schema_v2());
+                let (source_schema, notice) = match source_schema {
+                    Some(s) => {
+                        let (s, notice) = s.into_source_schema_v2();
+                        (Some(s), notice)
+                    }
+                    None => (None, None),
+                };
                 let with_options = context.with_options();
                 let plan = match check_create_table_with_source(with_options, source_schema)? {
                     Some(s) => {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/mod.rs
index 4821a12455e04..149f39bead330 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/mod.rs
@@ -248,11 +248,13 @@ pub async fn handle(
                 )
                 .await;
             }
-            // TODO(st1page): refacor it
-            let notice = Default::default();
-            let source_schema =
-                source_schema.map(|source_schema| source_schema.into_source_schema_v2());
-
+            let (source_schema, notice) = match source_schema {
+                Some(s) => {
+                    let (s, notice) = s.into_source_schema_v2();
+                    (Some(s), notice)
+                }
+                None => (None, None),
+            };
             create_table::handle_create_table(
                 handler_args,
                 name,
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index 25fb429c61200..3a90d21be7cc1 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for CompatibleSourceSchema {
 }
 
 impl CompatibleSourceSchema {
+    #[deprecated]
     pub fn into_source_schema(
         self,
     ) -> Result<(SourceSchema, Vec<SqlOption>, Option<String>), ParserError> {
@@ -497,10 +498,12 @@ impl CompatibleSourceSchema {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn into_source_schema_v2(self) -> SourceSchemaV2 {
+    pub fn into_source_schema_v2(self) -> (SourceSchemaV2, Option<String>) {
         match self {
-            CompatibleSourceSchema::RowFormat(inner) => inner.into_source_schema_v2(),
-            CompatibleSourceSchema::V2(inner) => inner,
+            CompatibleSourceSchema::RowFormat(inner) => (
+                inner.into_source_schema_v2(),
+                Some("RisingWave will stop supporting the syntax \"ROW FORMAT\" in future versions, which will be changed to \"FORMAT ... ENCODE ...\" syntax.".to_string())),
+            CompatibleSourceSchema::V2(inner) => (inner, None),
         }
     }
 }

From cc7e506b3cef2a29d9c30cc16ccbedd6d9380e08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 17:46:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 096/430] refactor(sink): impl SinkFormatter for
 DebeziumJsonFormatter (#12372)

---
 .../src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs       | 352 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       |   2 +
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  92 +----
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  32 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs               | 226 +----------
 5 files changed, 372 insertions(+), 332 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f5b48e836c64d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::array::Op;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
+use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
+use tracing::warn;
+
+use super::{Result, SinkFormatter, StreamChunk};
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::tri;
+
+const DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX: &str = "RisingWave";
+
+pub struct DebeziumAdapterOpts {
+    gen_tombstone: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for DebeziumAdapterOpts {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            gen_tombstone: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn concat_debezium_name_field(db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &str, value: &str) -> String {
+    DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX.to_owned() + "." + db_name + "." + sink_from_name + "." + value
+}
+
+pub struct DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
+    schema: &'a Schema,
+    pk_indices: &'a [usize],
+    db_name: &'a str,
+    sink_from_name: &'a str,
+    opts: DebeziumAdapterOpts,
+    ts_ms: u64,
+}
+
+impl<'a> DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
+    pub fn new(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        pk_indices: &'a [usize],
+        db_name: &'a str,
+        sink_from_name: &'a str,
+        opts: DebeziumAdapterOpts,
+        ts_ms: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            db_name,
+            sink_from_name,
+            opts,
+            ts_ms,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
+    type K = Value;
+    type V = Value;
+
+    fn format_chunk(
+        &self,
+        chunk: &StreamChunk,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Value>, Option<Value>)>> {
+        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+            let DebeziumJsonFormatter {
+                schema,
+                pk_indices,
+                db_name,
+                sink_from_name,
+                opts,
+                ts_ms,
+            } = self;
+            let source_field = json!({
+                "db": db_name,
+                "table": sink_from_name,
+            });
+
+            let mut update_cache: Option<Map<String, Value>> = None;
+
+            let key_encoder =
+                JsonEncoder::new(schema, Some(pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+            for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+                let event_key_object: Option<Value> = Some(json!({
+                    "schema": json!({
+                        "type": "struct",
+                        "fields": fields_pk_to_json(&schema.fields, pk_indices),
+                        "optional": false,
+                        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
+                    }),
+                    "payload": tri!(key_encoder.encode(row)),
+                }));
+                let event_object: Option<Value> = match op {
+                    Op::Insert => Some(json!({
+                        "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
+                        "payload": {
+                            "before": null,
+                            "after": tri!(val_encoder.encode(row)),
+                            "op": "c",
+                            "ts_ms": ts_ms,
+                            "source": source_field,
+                        }
+                    })),
+                    Op::Delete => {
+                        let value_obj = Some(json!({
+                            "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
+                            "payload": {
+                                "before": tri!(val_encoder.encode(row)),
+                                "after": null,
+                                "op": "d",
+                                "ts_ms": ts_ms,
+                                "source": source_field,
+                            }
+                        }));
+                        yield Ok((event_key_object.clone(), value_obj));
+
+                        if opts.gen_tombstone {
+                            // Tomestone event
+                            // https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-delete-events
+                            yield Ok((event_key_object, None));
+                        }
+
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    Op::UpdateDelete => {
+                        update_cache = Some(tri!(val_encoder.encode(row)));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    Op::UpdateInsert => {
+                        if let Some(before) = update_cache.take() {
+                            Some(json!({
+                                "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "before": before,
+                                    "after": tri!(val_encoder.encode(row)),
+                                    "op": "u",
+                                    "ts_ms": ts_ms,
+                                    "source": source_field,
+                                }
+                            }))
+                        } else {
+                            warn!(
+                                "not found UpdateDelete in prev row, skipping, row index {:?}",
+                                row.index()
+                            );
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                yield Ok((event_key_object, event_object));
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn schema_to_json(schema: &Schema, db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &str) -> Value {
+    let mut schema_fields = Vec::new();
+    schema_fields.push(json!({
+        "type": "struct",
+        "fields": fields_to_json(&schema.fields),
+        "optional": true,
+        "field": "before",
+        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
+    }));
+    schema_fields.push(json!({
+        "type": "struct",
+        "fields": fields_to_json(&schema.fields),
+        "optional": true,
+        "field": "after",
+        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
+    }));
+
+    schema_fields.push(json!({
+        "type": "struct",
+        "optional": false,
+        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Source"),
+        "fields": vec![
+            json!({
+                "type": "string",
+                "optional": false,
+                "field": "db"
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "type": "string",
+                "optional": true,
+                "field": "table"
+            })],
+        "field": "source"
+    }));
+    schema_fields.push(json!({
+        "type": "string",
+        "optional": false,
+        "field": "op"
+    }));
+    schema_fields.push(json!({
+        "type": "int64",
+        "optional": false,
+        "field": "ts_ms"
+    }));
+
+    json!({
+        "type": "struct",
+        "fields": schema_fields,
+        "optional": false,
+        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Envelope"),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn fields_pk_to_json(fields: &[Field], pk_indices: &[usize]) -> Value {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+    for idx in pk_indices {
+        res.push(field_to_json(&fields[*idx]));
+    }
+    json!(res)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn fields_to_json(fields: &[Field]) -> Value {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+
+    fields
+        .iter()
+        .for_each(|field| res.push(field_to_json(field)));
+
+    json!(res)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn field_to_json(field: &Field) -> Value {
+    // mapping from 'https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-data-types'
+    let r#type = match field.data_type() {
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Boolean => "boolean",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int16 => "int16",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int32 => "int32",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64 => "int64",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int256 => "string",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float32 => "float",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float64 => "double",
+        // currently, we only support handling decimal as string.
+        // https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-decimal-types
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Decimal => "string",
+
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Varchar => "string",
+
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Date => "int32",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Time => "int64",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamp => "int64",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamptz => "string",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Interval => "string",
+
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Bytea => "bytes",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Jsonb => "string",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Serial => "int32",
+        // since the original debezium pg support HSTORE via encoded as json string by default,
+        // we do the same here
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Struct(_) => "string",
+        risingwave_common::types::DataType::List { .. } => "string",
+    };
+    json!({
+        "field": field.name,
+        "optional": true,
+        "type": r#type,
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
+    use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::sink::utils::chunk_to_json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_chunk_to_json() -> Result<()> {
+        let chunk = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+            " i   f   {i,f}
+            + 0 0.0 {0,0.0}
+            + 1 1.0 {1,1.0}
+            + 2 2.0 {2,2.0}
+            + 3 3.0 {3,3.0}
+            + 4 4.0 {4,4.0}
+            + 5 5.0 {5,5.0}
+            + 6 6.0 {6,6.0}
+            + 7 7.0 {7,7.0}
+            + 8 8.0 {8,8.0}
+            + 9 9.0 {9,9.0}",
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int32,
+                name: "v1".into(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "".into(),
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Float32,
+                name: "v2".into(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "".into(),
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::new_struct(
+                    vec![DataType::Int32, DataType::Float32],
+                    vec!["v4".to_string(), "v5".to_string()],
+                ),
+                name: "v3".into(),
+                sub_fields: vec![
+                    Field {
+                        data_type: DataType::Int32,
+                        name: "v4".into(),
+                        sub_fields: vec![],
+                        type_name: "".into(),
+                    },
+                    Field {
+                        data_type: DataType::Float32,
+                        name: "v5".into(),
+                        sub_fields: vec![],
+                        type_name: "".into(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                type_name: "".into(),
+            },
+        ]);
+
+        let json_chunk = chunk_to_json(chunk, &schema).unwrap();
+        let schema_json = schema_to_json(&schema, "test_db", "test_table");
+        assert_eq!(schema_json, serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"before\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"after\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"source\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"db\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"table\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Source\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"op\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"ts_ms\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"int64\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Envelope\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"}").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&json_chunk[0]).unwrap(),
+            serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"v1\":0,\"v2\":0.0,\"v3\":{\"v4\":0,\"v5\":0.0}}")
+                .unwrap()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 432e4d33e0f2b..585752b03327c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use crate::sink::Result;
 
 mod append_only;
+mod debezium_json;
 mod upsert;
 
 pub use append_only::AppendOnlyFormatter;
+pub use debezium_json::{DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter};
 pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 378c4ee8d930a..ec5192666916c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
-use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use rdkafka::error::{KafkaError, KafkaResult};
 use rdkafka::message::ToBytes;
 use rdkafka::producer::{DeliveryFuture, FutureProducer, FutureRecord};
@@ -33,13 +32,14 @@ use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
+use super::formatter::{
+    AppendOnlyFormatter, DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter, UpsertFormatter,
+};
 use super::{
     FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
     SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
-use crate::sink::utils::{gen_debezium_message_stream, DebeziumAdapterOpts};
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
 };
@@ -528,26 +528,16 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
         let sink_from_name = self.sink_from_name.clone();
 
         // Initialize the dbz_stream
-        let dbz_stream = gen_debezium_message_stream(
+        let f = DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
             &schema,
             &pk_indices,
-            chunk,
-            ts_ms,
-            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
             &db_name,
             &sink_from_name,
+            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
+            ts_ms,
         );
 
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in dbz_stream {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            self.write_inner(
-                event_key_object.map(|j| j.to_string().into_bytes()),
-                event_object.map(|j| j.to_string().into_bytes()),
-            )
-            .await?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
     async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
@@ -637,12 +627,9 @@ impl SinkWriterV1 for KafkaSinkWriter {
 mod test {
     use maplit::hashmap;
     use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
-    use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-    use serde_json::Value;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::sink::utils::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn parse_rdkafka_props() {
@@ -840,69 +827,4 @@ mod test {
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_chunk_to_json() -> Result<()> {
-        let chunk = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
-            " i   f   {i,f}
-            + 0 0.0 {0,0.0}
-            + 1 1.0 {1,1.0}
-            + 2 2.0 {2,2.0}
-            + 3 3.0 {3,3.0}
-            + 4 4.0 {4,4.0}
-            + 5 5.0 {5,5.0}
-            + 6 6.0 {6,6.0}
-            + 7 7.0 {7,7.0}
-            + 8 8.0 {8,8.0}
-            + 9 9.0 {9,9.0}",
-        );
-
-        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
-            Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Int32,
-                name: "v1".into(),
-                sub_fields: vec![],
-                type_name: "".into(),
-            },
-            Field {
-                data_type: DataType::Float32,
-                name: "v2".into(),
-                sub_fields: vec![],
-                type_name: "".into(),
-            },
-            Field {
-                data_type: DataType::new_struct(
-                    vec![DataType::Int32, DataType::Float32],
-                    vec!["v4".to_string(), "v5".to_string()],
-                ),
-                name: "v3".into(),
-                sub_fields: vec![
-                    Field {
-                        data_type: DataType::Int32,
-                        name: "v4".into(),
-                        sub_fields: vec![],
-                        type_name: "".into(),
-                    },
-                    Field {
-                        data_type: DataType::Float32,
-                        name: "v5".into(),
-                        sub_fields: vec![],
-                        type_name: "".into(),
-                    },
-                ],
-                type_name: "".into(),
-            },
-        ]);
-
-        let json_chunk = chunk_to_json(chunk, &schema).unwrap();
-        let schema_json = schema_to_json(&schema, "test_db", "test_table");
-        assert_eq!(schema_json, serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"before\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"after\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"source\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"db\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"table\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Source\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"op\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"ts_ms\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"int64\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Envelope\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"}").unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&json_chunk[0]).unwrap(),
-            serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"v1\":0,\"v2\":0.0,\"v3\":{\"v4\":0,\"v5\":0.0}}")
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index e319984de8a34..2789b63aae23c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use aws_sdk_kinesis::error::DisplayErrorContext;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::operation::put_record::PutRecordOutput;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::primitives::Blob;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::Client as KinesisClient;
-use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
@@ -29,11 +28,12 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
-use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
+use super::formatter::{
+    AppendOnlyFormatter, DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter, UpsertFormatter,
+};
 use super::{FormattedSink, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use crate::sink::utils::{gen_debezium_message_stream, DebeziumAdapterOpts};
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
     SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
@@ -225,33 +225,17 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
-    async fn debezium_update(&self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let dbz_stream = gen_debezium_message_stream(
+    async fn debezium_update(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        let f = DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
             &self.schema,
             &self.pk_indices,
-            chunk,
-            ts_ms,
-            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
             &self.db_name,
             &self.sink_from_name,
+            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
+            ts_ms,
         );
 
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in dbz_stream {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = msg?;
-            let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap().to_string();
-            self.put_record(
-                &key_str,
-                if let Some(value) = event_object {
-                    value.to_string().into_bytes()
-                } else {
-                    vec![]
-                },
-            )
-            .await?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index e1bae62c2b5c2..b68164beea206 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -12,232 +12,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
-use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::Op;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
-use tracing::warn;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use serde_json::Value;
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError};
-
-const DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX: &str = "RisingWave";
-
-pub struct DebeziumAdapterOpts {
-    gen_tombstone: bool,
-}
-
-impl Default for DebeziumAdapterOpts {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            gen_tombstone: true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn concat_debezium_name_field(db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &str, value: &str) -> String {
-    DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX.to_owned() + "." + db_name + "." + sink_from_name + "." + value
-}
-
-#[try_stream(ok = (Option<Value>, Option<Value>), error = SinkError)]
-pub async fn gen_debezium_message_stream<'a>(
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    pk_indices: &'a [usize],
-    chunk: StreamChunk,
-    ts_ms: u64,
-    opts: DebeziumAdapterOpts,
-    db_name: &'a str,
-    sink_from_name: &'a str,
-) {
-    let source_field = json!({
-        "db": db_name,
-        "table": sink_from_name,
-    });
-
-    let mut update_cache: Option<Map<String, Value>> = None;
-
-    let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, Some(pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-    let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-    for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
-        let event_key_object: Option<Value> = Some(json!({
-            "schema": json!({
-                "type": "struct",
-                "fields": fields_pk_to_json(&schema.fields, pk_indices),
-                "optional": false,
-                "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
-            }),
-            "payload": key_encoder.encode(row)?,
-        }));
-        let event_object: Option<Value> = match op {
-            Op::Insert => Some(json!({
-                "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
-                "payload": {
-                    "before": null,
-                    "after": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
-                    "op": "c",
-                    "ts_ms": ts_ms,
-                    "source": source_field,
-                }
-            })),
-            Op::Delete => {
-                let value_obj = Some(json!({
-                    "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
-                    "payload": {
-                        "before": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
-                        "after": null,
-                        "op": "d",
-                        "ts_ms": ts_ms,
-                        "source": source_field,
-                    }
-                }));
-                yield (event_key_object.clone(), value_obj);
-
-                if opts.gen_tombstone {
-                    // Tomestone event
-                    // https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-delete-events
-                    yield (event_key_object, None);
-                }
-
-                continue;
-            }
-            Op::UpdateDelete => {
-                update_cache = Some(val_encoder.encode(row)?);
-                continue;
-            }
-            Op::UpdateInsert => {
-                if let Some(before) = update_cache.take() {
-                    Some(json!({
-                        "schema": schema_to_json(schema, db_name, sink_from_name),
-                        "payload": {
-                            "before": before,
-                            "after": val_encoder.encode(row)?,
-                            "op": "u",
-                            "ts_ms": ts_ms,
-                            "source": source_field,
-                        }
-                    }))
-                } else {
-                    warn!(
-                        "not found UpdateDelete in prev row, skipping, row index {:?}",
-                        row.index()
-                    );
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        yield (event_key_object, event_object);
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn schema_to_json(schema: &Schema, db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &str) -> Value {
-    let mut schema_fields = Vec::new();
-    schema_fields.push(json!({
-        "type": "struct",
-        "fields": fields_to_json(&schema.fields),
-        "optional": true,
-        "field": "before",
-        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
-    }));
-    schema_fields.push(json!({
-        "type": "struct",
-        "fields": fields_to_json(&schema.fields),
-        "optional": true,
-        "field": "after",
-        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Key"),
-    }));
-
-    schema_fields.push(json!({
-        "type": "struct",
-        "optional": false,
-        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Source"),
-        "fields": vec![
-            json!({
-                "type": "string",
-                "optional": false,
-                "field": "db"
-            }),
-            json!({
-                "type": "string",
-                "optional": true,
-                "field": "table"
-            })],
-        "field": "source"
-    }));
-    schema_fields.push(json!({
-        "type": "string",
-        "optional": false,
-        "field": "op"
-    }));
-    schema_fields.push(json!({
-        "type": "int64",
-        "optional": false,
-        "field": "ts_ms"
-    }));
-
-    json!({
-        "type": "struct",
-        "fields": schema_fields,
-        "optional": false,
-        "name": concat_debezium_name_field(db_name, sink_from_name, "Envelope"),
-    })
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn fields_pk_to_json(fields: &[Field], pk_indices: &[usize]) -> Value {
-    let mut res = Vec::new();
-    for idx in pk_indices {
-        res.push(field_to_json(&fields[*idx]));
-    }
-    json!(res)
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn fields_to_json(fields: &[Field]) -> Value {
-    let mut res = Vec::new();
-
-    fields
-        .iter()
-        .for_each(|field| res.push(field_to_json(field)));
-
-    json!(res)
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn field_to_json(field: &Field) -> Value {
-    // mapping from 'https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-data-types'
-    let r#type = match field.data_type() {
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Boolean => "boolean",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int16 => "int16",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int32 => "int32",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64 => "int64",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int256 => "string",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float32 => "float",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float64 => "double",
-        // currently, we only support handling decimal as string.
-        // https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.1/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-decimal-types
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Decimal => "string",
-
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Varchar => "string",
-
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Date => "int32",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Time => "int64",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamp => "int64",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamptz => "string",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Interval => "string",
-
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Bytea => "bytes",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Jsonb => "string",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Serial => "int32",
-        // since the original debezium pg support HSTORE via encoded as json string by default,
-        // we do the same here
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::Struct(_) => "string",
-        risingwave_common::types::DataType::List { .. } => "string",
-    };
-    json!({
-        "field": field.name,
-        "optional": true,
-        "type": r#type,
-    })
-}
+use crate::sink::Result;
 
 pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
     let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);

From 4dadb7c107ef6b256209eba8e201280c310ce1e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 20:57:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 097/430] feat(storage): emergency picker for write_limit
 (#12183)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           |  3 +
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |  9 ++-
 src/config/example.toml                       |  3 +-
 .../src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs  |  5 ++
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |  4 ++
 .../hummock/compaction/compaction_config.rs   |  1 +
 .../src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs  | 49 +++++++++++++-
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs        |  4 +-
 .../picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs    | 20 +-----
 .../picker/compaction_task_validator.rs       | 46 +++++--------
 .../picker/emergency_compaction_picker.rs     | 64 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs |  4 +-
 .../manager/compaction_group_manager.rs       |  3 +
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           | 46 +++++++++++--
 14 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/emergency_compaction_picker.rs

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index db99cbe5f8509..a631bcf40ddab 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ message CompactTask {
     SHARED_BUFFER = 4;
     TTL = 5;
     TOMBSTONE = 6;
+    EMERGENCY = 7;
   }
 
   // Identifies whether the task is space_reclaim, if the compact_task_type increases, it will be refactored to enum
@@ -578,6 +579,7 @@ message RiseCtlUpdateCompactionConfigRequest {
       uint32 level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count = 12;
       uint64 max_space_reclaim_bytes = 13;
       uint64 level0_max_compact_file_number = 14;
+      bool enable_emergency_picker = 15;
     }
   }
   repeated uint64 compaction_group_ids = 1;
@@ -709,6 +711,7 @@ message CompactionConfig {
   // for tier compaction pick overlapping level
   uint32 level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count = 18;
   uint32 tombstone_reclaim_ratio = 19;
+  bool enable_emergency_picker = 20;
 }
 
 message TableStats {
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 2924b5dcdbf6b..d34d794b4062c 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -1202,11 +1202,12 @@ pub mod default {
         const DEFAULT_MAX_SUB_COMPACTION: u32 = 4;
         const DEFAULT_LEVEL_MULTIPLIER: u64 = 5;
         const DEFAULT_MAX_SPACE_RECLAIM_BYTES: u64 = 512 * 1024 * 1024; // 512MB;
-        const DEFAULT_LEVEL0_STOP_WRITE_THRESHOLD_SUB_LEVEL_NUMBER: u64 = 1000;
+        const DEFAULT_LEVEL0_STOP_WRITE_THRESHOLD_SUB_LEVEL_NUMBER: u64 = 300;
         const DEFAULT_MAX_COMPACTION_FILE_COUNT: u64 = 96;
         const DEFAULT_MIN_SUB_LEVEL_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT: u32 = 3;
         const DEFAULT_MIN_OVERLAPPING_SUB_LEVEL_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT: u32 = 6;
         const DEFAULT_TOMBSTONE_RATIO_PERCENT: u32 = 40;
+        const DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_PICKER: bool = true;
 
         use crate::catalog::hummock::CompactionFilterFlag;
 
@@ -1252,6 +1253,10 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn tombstone_reclaim_ratio() -> u32 {
             DEFAULT_TOMBSTONE_RATIO_PERCENT
         }
+
+        pub fn enable_emergency_picker() -> bool {
+            DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_PICKER
+        }
     }
 
     pub mod s3_objstore_config {
@@ -1377,6 +1382,8 @@ pub struct CompactionConfig {
     pub level0_max_compact_file_number: u64,
     #[serde(default = "default::compaction_config::tombstone_reclaim_ratio")]
     pub tombstone_reclaim_ratio: u32,
+    #[serde(default = "default::compaction_config::enable_emergency_picker")]
+    pub enable_emergency_picker: bool,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index c2456a59e45b3..6e735dee19e04 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -49,12 +49,13 @@ level0_tier_compact_file_number = 6
 target_file_size_base = 33554432
 compaction_filter_mask = 6
 max_sub_compaction = 4
-level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number = 1000
+level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number = 300
 level0_sub_level_compact_level_count = 3
 level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count = 6
 max_space_reclaim_bytes = 536870912
 level0_max_compact_file_number = 96
 tombstone_reclaim_ratio = 40
+enable_emergency_picker = true
 
 [batch]
 enable_barrier_read = false
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
index 75a9884aece75..6f16279939e8f 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ pub fn build_compaction_config_vec(
     max_space_reclaim_bytes: Option<u64>,
     level0_max_compact_file_number: Option<u64>,
     level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
+    enable_emergency_picker: Option<bool>,
 ) -> Vec<MutableConfig> {
     let mut configs = vec![];
     if let Some(c) = max_bytes_for_level_base {
@@ -101,6 +102,10 @@ pub fn build_compaction_config_vec(
     if let Some(c) = level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count {
         configs.push(MutableConfig::Level0OverlappingSubLevelCompactLevelCount(c))
     }
+    if let Some(c) = enable_emergency_picker {
+        configs.push(MutableConfig::EnableEmergencyPicker(c))
+    }
+
     configs
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index 45e61f80b5fae..854b9e9260eb3 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,6 +220,8 @@ enum HummockCommands {
         level0_max_compact_file_number: Option<u64>,
         #[clap(long)]
         level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
+        #[clap(long)]
+        enable_emergency_picker: Option<bool>,
     },
     /// Split given compaction group into two. Moves the given tables to the new group.
     SplitCompactionGroup {
@@ -549,6 +551,7 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
             max_space_reclaim_bytes,
             level0_max_compact_file_number,
             level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
+            enable_emergency_picker,
         }) => {
             cmd_impl::hummock::update_compaction_config(
                 context,
@@ -567,6 +570,7 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
                     max_space_reclaim_bytes,
                     level0_max_compact_file_number,
                     level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
+                    enable_emergency_picker,
                 ),
             )
             .await?
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/compaction_config.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/compaction_config.rs
index 13d568b3eaa37..4dfd0edc62a13 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/compaction_config.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/compaction_config.rs
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ impl CompactionConfigBuilder {
                 level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count:
                     compaction_config::level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count(),
                 tombstone_reclaim_ratio: compaction_config::tombstone_reclaim_ratio(),
+                enable_emergency_picker: compaction_config::enable_emergency_picker(),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
index 893dffd79d6bc..05975f64da1b1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{compact_task, CompactionConfig, LevelType};
 
 use super::picker::{
-    CompactionTaskValidator, IntraCompactionPicker, SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker,
-    SpaceReclaimPickerState, TtlPickerState, TtlReclaimCompactionPicker,
+    CompactionTaskValidator, EmergencyCompactionPicker, IntraCompactionPicker,
+    SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker, SpaceReclaimPickerState, TtlPickerState,
+    TtlReclaimCompactionPicker,
 };
 use super::{
     create_compaction_task, LevelCompactionPicker, ManualCompactionOption, ManualCompactionPicker,
@@ -616,6 +617,50 @@ pub fn default_level_selector() -> Box<dyn LevelSelector> {
     Box::<DynamicLevelSelector>::default()
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct EmergencySelector {}
+
+impl LevelSelector for EmergencySelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        let picker =
+            EmergencyCompactionPicker::new(ctx.base_level, group.compaction_config.clone());
+
+        let mut stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
+        if let Some(compaction_input) = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut stats) {
+            compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+
+            return Some(create_compaction_task(
+                group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
+                compaction_input,
+                ctx.base_level,
+                self.task_type(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        selector_stats.skip_picker.push((0, ctx.base_level, stats));
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "EmergencyCompaction"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::Emergency
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use std::ops::Range;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
index a30e4b0422111..23585da8999a9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactTask, CompactionConfig, KeyRange, LevelType};
 
 pub use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::{
-    default_level_selector, DynamicLevelSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, LevelSelector,
-    ManualCompactionSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
+    default_level_selector, DynamicLevelSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, EmergencySelector,
+    LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
 };
 use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::{OverlapStrategy, RangeOverlapStrategy};
 use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{CompactionInput, LocalPickerStatistic};
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
index c224fbfe6ce55..d9bd8d6020a23 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -131,21 +131,6 @@ impl LevelCompactionPicker {
         level_handlers: &[LevelHandler],
         stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic,
     ) -> Option<CompactionInput> {
-        // TODO: remove this
-        let l0_size = l0.total_file_size - level_handlers[0].get_pending_file_size();
-        let base_level_size = target_level.total_file_size
-            - level_handlers[target_level.level_idx as usize].get_pending_file_size();
-        if l0_size < base_level_size {
-            stats.skip_by_write_amp_limit += 1;
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        // no running base_compaction
-        let strict_check = level_handlers[0]
-            .get_pending_tasks()
-            .iter()
-            .any(|task| task.target_level != 0);
-
         let overlap_strategy = create_overlap_strategy(self.config.compaction_mode());
         let min_compaction_bytes = self.config.sub_level_max_compaction_bytes;
         let non_overlap_sub_level_picker = NonOverlapSubLevelPicker::new(
@@ -239,8 +224,7 @@ impl LevelCompactionPicker {
                 &result,
                 ValidationRuleType::ToBase,
                 stats,
-            ) && strict_check
-            {
+            ) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -588,7 +572,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         // Pick with small max_compaction_bytes results partial sub levels included in input.
         let config = Arc::new(
             CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
-                .max_compaction_bytes(50000)
+                .max_compaction_bytes(100010)
                 .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count(1)
                 .build(),
         );
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
index 4de77467205f7..eafe074a88288 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ impl CompactionTaskValidator {
             ValidationRuleType::Tier,
             Box::new(TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
                 config: config.clone(),
-                enable: true,
             }),
         );
 
@@ -49,31 +48,34 @@ impl CompactionTaskValidator {
             ValidationRuleType::Intra,
             Box::new(IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
                 config: config.clone(),
-                enable: true,
             }),
         );
 
         validation_rules.insert(
             ValidationRuleType::ToBase,
-            Box::new(BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule {
-                config,
-                enable: true,
-            }),
+            Box::new(BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule { config }),
         );
 
         CompactionTaskValidator { validation_rules }
     }
 
+    pub fn unused() -> Self {
+        CompactionTaskValidator {
+            validation_rules: HashMap::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn valid_compact_task(
         &self,
         input: &CompactionInput,
         picker_type: ValidationRuleType,
         stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic,
     ) -> bool {
-        self.validation_rules
-            .get(&picker_type)
-            .unwrap()
-            .validate(input, stats)
+        if let Some(validation_rule) = self.validation_rules.get(&picker_type) {
+            validation_rule.validate(input, stats)
+        } else {
+            true
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -83,15 +85,10 @@ pub trait CompactionTaskValidationRule {
 
 struct TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
-    enable: bool,
 }
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
-        if !self.enable {
-            return true;
-        }
-
         // so the design here wants to merge multiple overlapping-levels in one compaction
         let max_compaction_bytes = std::cmp::min(
             self.config.max_compaction_bytes,
@@ -128,12 +125,11 @@ impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
 
 struct IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
-    enable: bool,
 }
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
-        if !self.enable {
+        if input.total_file_count >= self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -141,6 +137,7 @@ impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
             self.config.level0_sub_level_compact_level_count as usize;
 
         if input.input_levels.len() < intra_sub_level_compact_level_count {
+            stats.skip_by_count_limit += 1;
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -163,34 +160,21 @@ impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
             max_level_size * self.config.level0_sub_level_compact_level_count as u64 / 2
                 >= input.select_input_size;
 
-        if is_write_amp_large && input.total_file_count < self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number
-        {
+        if is_write_amp_large {
             stats.skip_by_write_amp_limit += 1;
             return false;
         }
 
-        if input.input_levels.len() < intra_sub_level_compact_level_count
-            && input.total_file_count < self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number
-        {
-            stats.skip_by_count_limit += 1;
-            return false;
-        }
-
         true
     }
 }
 
 struct BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
-    enable: bool,
 }
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
-        if !self.enable {
-            return true;
-        }
-
         // The size of target level may be too large, we shall skip this compact task and wait
         //  the data in base level compact to lower level.
         if input.target_input_size > self.config.max_compaction_bytes {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/emergency_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/emergency_compaction_picker.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9866f7b644262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/emergency_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::CompactionConfig;
+
+use super::{
+    CompactionInput, CompactionPicker, CompactionTaskValidator, LevelCompactionPicker,
+    LocalPickerStatistic, TierCompactionPicker,
+};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+
+pub struct EmergencyCompactionPicker {
+    target_level: usize,
+    config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
+}
+
+impl EmergencyCompactionPicker {
+    pub fn new(target_level: usize, config: Arc<CompactionConfig>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target_level,
+            config,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn pick_compaction(
+        &self,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &[LevelHandler],
+        stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionInput> {
+        let unused_validator = Arc::new(CompactionTaskValidator::unused());
+
+        let mut base_level_compaction_picker = LevelCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
+            self.target_level,
+            self.config.clone(),
+            unused_validator.clone(),
+        );
+
+        if let Some(ret) =
+            base_level_compaction_picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, stats)
+        {
+            return Some(ret);
+        }
+
+        let mut tier_compaction_picker =
+            TierCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(self.config.clone(), unused_validator);
+
+        tier_compaction_picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, stats)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
index cf3a4555e18e1..ac1a8f825aa33 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 mod base_level_compaction_picker;
+mod emergency_compaction_picker;
 mod intra_compaction_picker;
 mod manual_compaction_picker;
 mod min_overlap_compaction_picker;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ mod compaction_task_validator;
 
 pub use base_level_compaction_picker::LevelCompactionPicker;
 pub use compaction_task_validator::{CompactionTaskValidator, ValidationRuleType};
+pub use emergency_compaction_picker::EmergencyCompactionPicker;
 pub use intra_compaction_picker::IntraCompactionPicker;
 pub use manual_compaction_picker::ManualCompactionPicker;
 pub use min_overlap_compaction_picker::MinOverlappingPicker;
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ pub struct LocalPickerStatistic {
     pub skip_by_overlapping: u64,
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct CompactionInput {
     pub input_levels: Vec<InputLevel>,
     pub target_level: usize,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
index 8fa1aea32115f..3e83937897b3d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
@@ -911,6 +911,9 @@ fn update_compaction_config(target: &mut CompactionConfig, items: &[MutableConfi
             MutableConfig::Level0MaxCompactFileNumber(c) => {
                 target.level0_max_compact_file_number = *c;
             }
+            MutableConfig::EnableEmergencyPicker(c) => {
+                target.enable_emergency_picker = *c;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 99f0c41d696d3..a1e55506bc22e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ use tonic::Streaming;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    CompactStatus, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption, TombstoneCompactionSelector,
+    CompactStatus, EmergencySelector, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption,
+    TombstoneCompactionSelector,
 };
 use crate::hummock::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::hummock::metrics_utils::{
@@ -821,6 +822,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 return Ok(None);
             }
         };
+
         let (current_version, watermark) = {
             let versioning_guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
             let max_committed_epoch = versioning_guard.current_version.max_committed_epoch;
@@ -829,7 +831,6 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 .values()
                 .map(|v| v.minimal_pinned_snapshot)
                 .fold(max_committed_epoch, std::cmp::min);
-
             (versioning_guard.current_version.clone(), watermark)
         };
         if current_version.levels.get(&compaction_group_id).is_none() {
@@ -837,7 +838,8 @@ impl HummockManager {
             return Ok(None);
         }
 
-        let can_trivial_move = matches!(selector.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic);
+        let can_trivial_move = matches!(selector.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
+            || matches!(selector.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Emergency);
 
         let mut stats = LocalSelectorStatistic::default();
         let member_table_ids = &current_version
@@ -1277,8 +1279,6 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let label = if is_trivial_reclaim {
             "trivial-space-reclaim"
         } else if is_trivial_move {
-            // TODO: only support can_trivial_move in DynamicLevelCompcation, will check
-            // task_type next PR
             "trivial-move"
         } else {
             self.compactor_manager
@@ -1312,7 +1312,8 @@ impl HummockManager {
         );
 
         if !deterministic_mode
-            && matches!(compact_task.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
+            && (matches!(compact_task.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
+                || matches!(compact_task.task_type(), compact_task::TaskType::Emergency))
         {
             // only try send Dynamic compaction
             self.try_send_compaction_request(
@@ -2469,6 +2470,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         }
     }
 
+    #[named]
     pub fn compaction_event_loop(
         hummock_manager: Arc<Self>,
         mut compactor_streams_change_rx: UnboundedReceiver<(
@@ -2558,7 +2560,32 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                 assert_ne!(0, pull_task_count);
                                 if let Some(compactor) = hummock_manager.compactor_manager.get_compactor(context_id) {
                                     if let Some((group, task_type)) = hummock_manager.auto_pick_compaction_group_and_type().await {
-                                        let selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector> = compaction_selectors.get_mut(&task_type).unwrap();
+                                        let selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector> = {
+                                            let versioning_guard = read_lock!(hummock_manager, versioning).await;
+                                            let versioning = versioning_guard.deref();
+
+                                            if versioning.write_limit.contains_key(&group) {
+                                                let enable_emergency_picker = match hummock_manager
+                                                    .compaction_group_manager
+                                                    .read()
+                                                    .await
+                                                    .try_get_compaction_group_config(group)
+                                                {
+                                                    Some(config) =>{ config.compaction_config.enable_emergency_picker },
+                                                    None => { unreachable!("compaction-group {} not exist", group) }
+                                                };
+
+                                                if enable_emergency_picker {
+                                                    compaction_selectors.get_mut(&TaskType::Emergency).unwrap()
+                                                } else {
+                                                    compaction_selectors.get_mut(&task_type).unwrap()
+                                                }
+                                            } else {
+                                                compaction_selectors.get_mut(&task_type).unwrap()
+                                            }
+
+                                        };
+
                                         for _ in 0..pull_task_count {
                                             let compact_task =
                                                 hummock_manager
@@ -2881,6 +2908,11 @@ fn init_selectors() -> HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn LevelSelector>> {
         compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone,
         Box::<TombstoneCompactionSelector>::default(),
     );
+
+    compaction_selectors.insert(
+        compact_task::TaskType::Emergency,
+        Box::<EmergencySelector>::default(),
+    );
     compaction_selectors
 }
 

From b17569d774f25351f4458b3c42723bf51e6bccd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yufan Song <33971064+yufansong@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 20:13:30 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 098/430] feat(stream): add nkey and jwt auth methods for nats
 connector (#12227)

Co-authored-by: yufansong <yufansong@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 256 ++++++------------
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   3 +
 src/connector/src/common.rs                   | 118 +++++---
 .../src/source/nats/enumerator/mod.rs         |  14 +-
 src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs          |   6 +
 .../src/source/nats/source/message.rs         |  30 +-
 .../src/source/nats/source/reader.rs          |  43 ++-
 src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs        |  26 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   4 -
 9 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 227 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 2519cf2a63356..7abddeda699db 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ checksum = "9c0fdddc3fdac97394ffcc5c89c634faa9c1c166ced54189af34e407c97b6ee7"
 dependencies = [
  "apache-avro-derive",
  "byteorder",
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
  "lazy_static",
  "libflate",
  "log",
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "bzip2",
  "crc32fast",
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
  "lazy_static",
  "libflate",
  "log",
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "regex",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "time",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "md-5",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "sha1",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -1224,15 +1224,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "triple_accel",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "block-buffer"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4152116fd6e9dadb291ae18fc1ec3575ed6d84c29642d97890f4b4a3417297e4"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
 version = "0.10.4"
@@ -1776,12 +1767,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "const-oid"
-version = "0.6.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d6f2aa4d0537bcc1c74df8755072bd31c1ef1a3a1b85a68e8404a8c353b7b8b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.9.5"
@@ -2091,15 +2076,29 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek"
-version = "3.2.0"
+version = "4.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b9fdf9972b2bd6af2d913799d9ebc165ea4d2e65878e329d9c6b372c4491b61"
+checksum = "622178105f911d937a42cdb140730ba4a3ed2becd8ae6ce39c7d28b5d75d4588"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
- "digest 0.9.0",
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "curve25519-dalek-derive",
+ "digest",
+ "fiat-crypto",
+ "platforms",
+ "rustc_version",
  "subtle",
- "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "curve25519-dalek-derive"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "83fdaf97f4804dcebfa5862639bc9ce4121e82140bec2a987ac5140294865b5b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2300,23 +2299,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "uuid",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "der"
-version = "0.4.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79b71cca7d95d7681a4b3b9cdf63c8dbc3730d0584c2c74e31416d64a90493f4"
-dependencies = [
- "const-oid 0.6.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "der"
 version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fffa369a668c8af7dbf8b5e56c9f744fbd399949ed171606040001947de40b1c"
 dependencies = [
- "const-oid 0.9.5",
- "pem-rfc7468 0.7.0",
+ "const-oid",
+ "pem-rfc7468",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
@@ -2395,23 +2385,14 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6184e33543162437515c2e2b48714794e37845ec9851711914eec9d308f6ebe8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "digest"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3dd60d1080a57a05ab032377049e0591415d2b31afd7028356dbf3cc6dcb066"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
 dependencies = [
- "block-buffer 0.10.4",
- "const-oid 0.9.5",
+ "block-buffer",
+ "const-oid",
  "crypto-common",
  "subtle",
 ]
@@ -2483,23 +2464,23 @@ checksum = "49457524c7e65648794c98283282a0b7c73b10018e7091f1cdcfff314fd7ae59"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519"
-version = "1.5.3"
+version = "2.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91cff35c70bba8a626e3185d8cd48cc11b5437e1a5bcd15b9b5fa3c64b6dfee7"
+checksum = "60f6d271ca33075c88028be6f04d502853d63a5ece419d269c15315d4fc1cf1d"
 dependencies = [
- "signature 1.6.4",
+ "signature",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519-dalek"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c762bae6dcaf24c4c84667b8579785430908723d5c889f469d76a41d59cc7a9d"
+checksum = "7277392b266383ef8396db7fdeb1e77b6c52fed775f5df15bb24f35b72156980"
 dependencies = [
  "curve25519-dalek",
  "ed25519",
- "sha2 0.9.9",
- "zeroize",
+ "sha2",
+ "signature",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2720,6 +2701,12 @@ version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6999dc1837253364c2ebb0704ba97994bd874e8f195d665c50b7548f6ea92764"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fiat-crypto"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d0870c84016d4b481be5c9f323c24f65e31e901ae618f0e80f4308fb00de1d2d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fiemap"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -3439,7 +3426,7 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
 dependencies = [
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4373,7 +4360,7 @@ version = "0.10.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6365506850d44bff6e2fbcb5176cf63650e48bd45ef2fe2665ae1570e0f4b9ca"
 dependencies = [
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4610,7 +4597,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha1",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "subprocess",
  "thiserror",
@@ -4686,9 +4673,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nkeys"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3e9261eb915c785ea65708bc45ef43507ea46914e1a73f1412d1a38aba967c8e"
+checksum = "aad178aad32087b19042ee36dfd450b73f5f934fbfb058b59b198684dfec4c47"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "data-encoding",
@@ -4922,7 +4909,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_path_to_error",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "thiserror",
  "url",
 ]
@@ -4948,12 +4935,6 @@ version = "11.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ab1bc2a289d34bd04a330323ac98a1b4bc82c9d9fcb1e66b63caa84da26b575"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "opaque-debug"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "opendal"
 version = "0.39.0"
@@ -4982,7 +4963,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reqwest",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "tokio",
  "uuid",
 ]
@@ -5415,15 +5396,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "pem-rfc7468"
-version = "0.2.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f22eb0e3c593294a99e9ff4b24cf6b752d43f193aa4415fe5077c159996d497"
-dependencies = [
- "base64ct",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pem-rfc7468"
 version = "0.7.0"
@@ -5558,21 +5530,9 @@ version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c8ffb9f10fa047879315e6625af03c164b16962a5368d724ed16323b68ace47f"
 dependencies = [
- "der 0.7.8",
- "pkcs8 0.10.2",
- "spki 0.7.2",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "pkcs8"
-version = "0.7.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee3ef9b64d26bad0536099c816c6734379e45bbd5f14798def6809e5cc350447"
-dependencies = [
- "der 0.4.5",
- "pem-rfc7468 0.2.3",
- "spki 0.4.1",
- "zeroize",
+ "der",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "spki",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5581,8 +5541,8 @@ version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f950b2377845cebe5cf8b5165cb3cc1a5e0fa5cfa3e1f7f55707d8fd82e0a7b7"
 dependencies = [
- "der 0.7.8",
- "spki 0.7.2",
+ "der",
+ "spki",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5591,6 +5551,12 @@ version = "0.3.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "26072860ba924cbfa98ea39c8c19b4dd6a4a25423dbdf219c1eca91aa0cf6964"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "platforms"
+version = "3.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4503fa043bf02cee09a9582e9554b4c6403b2ef55e4612e96561d294419429f8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "plotters"
 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -5681,7 +5647,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "md-5",
  "memchr",
  "rand",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "stringprep",
 ]
 
@@ -6163,7 +6129,7 @@ checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6173,15 +6139,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90bde5296fc891b0cef12a6d03ddccc162ce7b2aff54160af9338f8d40df6d19"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
 version = "0.6.4"
@@ -6197,7 +6157,7 @@ version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6f97cdb2a36ed4183de61b2f824cc45c9f1037f28afe0a322e9fff4c108b5aaa"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6359,7 +6319,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha1",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
@@ -6894,6 +6854,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "mysql_async",
  "mysql_common",
  "nexmark",
+ "nkeys",
  "num-bigint",
  "opendal",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -6919,6 +6880,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "simd-json",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
+ "time",
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -7017,7 +6979,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha1",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "static_assertions",
  "thiserror",
@@ -7090,7 +7052,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_variables",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
@@ -7756,17 +7718,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6ab43bb47d23c1a631b4b680199a45255dce26fa9ab2fa902581f624ff13e6a8"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
- "const-oid 0.9.5",
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "const-oid",
+ "digest",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
  "num-iter",
  "num-traits",
  "pkcs1",
- "pkcs8 0.10.2",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "signature 2.1.0",
- "spki 0.7.2",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core",
+ "signature",
+ "spki",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -8343,7 +8305,7 @@ checksum = "f04293dc80c3993519f2d7f6f511707ee7094fe0c6d3406feb330cdb3540eba3"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8352,19 +8314,6 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ae1a47186c03a32177042e55dbc5fd5aee900b8e0069a8d70fba96a9375cd012"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sha2"
-version = "0.9.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4d58a1e1bf39749807d89cf2d98ac2dfa0ff1cb3faa38fbb64dd88ac8013d800"
-dependencies = [
- "block-buffer 0.9.0",
- "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
- "digest 0.9.0",
- "opaque-debug",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sha2"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -8373,7 +8322,7 @@ checksum = "479fb9d862239e610720565ca91403019f2f00410f1864c5aa7479b950a76ed8"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
- "digest 0.10.7",
+ "digest",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8439,30 +8388,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signatory"
-version = "0.23.2"
+version = "0.27.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5dfecc059e81632eef1dd9b79e22fc28b8fe69b30d3357512a77a0ad8ee3c782"
+checksum = "c1e303f8205714074f6068773f0e29527e0453937fe837c9717d066635b65f31"
 dependencies = [
- "pkcs8 0.7.6",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "signature 1.6.4",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core",
+ "signature",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signature"
-version = "1.6.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74233d3b3b2f6d4b006dc19dee745e73e2a6bfb6f93607cd3b02bd5b00797d7c"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "signature"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e1788eed21689f9cf370582dfc467ef36ed9c707f073528ddafa8d83e3b8500"
+checksum = "8fe458c98333f9c8152221191a77e2a44e8325d0193484af2e9421a53019e57d"
 dependencies = [
- "digest 0.10.7",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "digest",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8624,15 +8567,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "spki"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c01a0c15da1b0b0e1494112e7af814a678fec9bd157881b49beac661e9b6f32"
-dependencies = [
- "der 0.4.5",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "spki"
 version = "0.7.2"
@@ -8640,7 +8574,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9d1e996ef02c474957d681f1b05213dfb0abab947b446a62d37770b23500184a"
 dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
- "der 0.7.8",
+ "der",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10063,7 +9997,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
- "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "cc",
  "chrono",
@@ -10121,7 +10054,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prost",
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rand_core",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
@@ -10154,7 +10087,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-normalization",
  "url",
  "uuid",
- "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10238,20 +10170,6 @@ name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2a0956f1ba7c7909bfb66c2e9e4124ab6f6482560f6628b5aaeba39207c9aad9"
-dependencies = [
- "zeroize_derive",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "zeroize_derive"
-version = "1.4.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd"
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 6b0aebf4b0f18..bb1b4b2b4ee0f 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ mysql_common = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = [
     "chrono",
 ] }
 nexmark = { version = "0.2", features = ["serde"] }
+nkeys = "0.3.2"
 num-bigint = "0.4"
 opendal = "0.39"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
 simd-json = "0.10.6"
 tempfile = "3"
 thiserror = "1"
+time = "0.3.28"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@ tonic = { workspace = true }
 tracing = "0.1"
 url = "2"
 urlencoding = "2"
+
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/common.rs b/src/connector/src/common.rs
index 5a03fc7bfd9af..4e2142fda0adb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/common.rs
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::json::JsonString;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
-
+use crate::source::nats::source::NatsOffset;
 // The file describes the common abstractions for each connector and can be used in both source and
 // sink.
 
@@ -342,27 +343,33 @@ pub struct UpsertMessage<'a> {
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct NatsCommon {
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.server_url")]
+    #[serde(rename = "server_url")]
     pub server_url: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.subject")]
+    #[serde(rename = "subject")]
     pub subject: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.user")]
+    #[serde(rename = "connect_mode")]
+    pub connect_mode: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "username")]
     pub user: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.password")]
+    #[serde(rename = "password")]
     pub password: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.max_bytes")]
+    #[serde(rename = "jwt")]
+    pub jwt: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "nkey")]
+    pub nkey: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "max_bytes")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub max_bytes: Option<i64>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.max_messages")]
+    #[serde(rename = "max_messages")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub max_messages: Option<i64>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.max_messages_per_subject")]
+    #[serde(rename = "max_messages_per_subject")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub max_messages_per_subject: Option<i64>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.max_consumers")]
+    #[serde(rename = "max_consumers")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub max_consumers: Option<i32>,
-    #[serde(rename = "nats.max_message_size")]
+    #[serde(rename = "max_message_size")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub max_message_size: Option<i32>,
 }
@@ -370,9 +377,39 @@ pub struct NatsCommon {
 impl NatsCommon {
     pub(crate) async fn build_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<async_nats::Client> {
         let mut connect_options = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new();
-        if let (Some(v_user), Some(v_password)) = (self.user.as_ref(), self.password.as_ref()) {
-            connect_options = connect_options.user_and_password(v_user.into(), v_password.into());
-        }
+        match self.connect_mode.as_deref() {
+            Some("user_and_password") => {
+                if let (Some(v_user), Some(v_password)) =
+                    (self.user.as_ref(), self.password.as_ref())
+                {
+                    connect_options =
+                        connect_options.user_and_password(v_user.into(), v_password.into())
+                } else {
+                    return Err(anyhow_error!(
+                        "nats connect mode is user_and_password, but user or password is empty"
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+
+            Some("credential") => {
+                if let (Some(v_nkey), Some(v_jwt)) = (self.nkey.as_ref(), self.jwt.as_ref()) {
+                    connect_options = connect_options
+                        .credentials(&self.create_credential(v_nkey, v_jwt)?)
+                        .expect("failed to parse static creds")
+                } else {
+                    return Err(anyhow_error!(
+                        "nats connect mode is credential, but nkey or jwt is empty"
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+            Some("plain") => {}
+            _ => {
+                return Err(anyhow_error!(
+                    "nats connect mode only accept user_and_password/credential/plain"
+                ));
+            }
+        };
+
         let servers = self.server_url.split(',').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         let client = connect_options
             .connect(
@@ -394,8 +431,8 @@ impl NatsCommon {
 
     pub(crate) async fn build_consumer(
         &self,
-        split_id: i32,
-        start_sequence: Option<u64>,
+        split_id: String,
+        start_sequence: NatsOffset,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<
         async_nats::jetstream::consumer::Consumer<async_nats::jetstream::consumer::pull::Config>,
     > {
@@ -406,23 +443,28 @@ impl NatsCommon {
             ack_policy: jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy::None,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        match start_sequence {
-            Some(v) => {
-                let consumer = stream
-                    .get_or_create_consumer(&name, {
-                        config.deliver_policy = DeliverPolicy::ByStartSequence {
-                            start_sequence: v + 1,
-                        };
-                        config
-                    })
-                    .await?;
-                Ok(consumer)
-            }
-            None => {
-                let consumer = stream.get_or_create_consumer(&name, config).await?;
-                Ok(consumer)
+
+        let deliver_policy = match start_sequence {
+            NatsOffset::Earliest => DeliverPolicy::All,
+            NatsOffset::Latest => DeliverPolicy::Last,
+            NatsOffset::SequenceNumber(v) => {
+                let parsed = v.parse::<u64>()?;
+                DeliverPolicy::ByStartSequence {
+                    start_sequence: 1 + parsed,
+                }
             }
-        }
+            NatsOffset::Timestamp(v) => DeliverPolicy::ByStartTime {
+                start_time: OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp_nanos(v * 1_000_000)?,
+            },
+            NatsOffset::None => DeliverPolicy::All,
+        };
+        let consumer = stream
+            .get_or_create_consumer(&name, {
+                config.deliver_policy = deliver_policy;
+                config
+            })
+            .await?;
+        Ok(consumer)
     }
 
     pub(crate) async fn build_or_get_stream(
@@ -432,6 +474,7 @@ impl NatsCommon {
         let mut config = jetstream::stream::Config {
             // the subject default use name value
             name: self.subject.clone(),
+            max_bytes: 1000000,
             ..Default::default()
         };
         if let Some(v) = self.max_bytes {
@@ -452,4 +495,17 @@ impl NatsCommon {
         let stream = jetstream.get_or_create_stream(config).await?;
         Ok(stream)
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn create_credential(&self, seed: &str, jwt: &str) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+        let creds = format!(
+            "-----BEGIN NATS USER JWT-----\n{}\n------END NATS USER JWT------\n\n\
+                         ************************* IMPORTANT *************************\n\
+                         NKEY Seed printed below can be used to sign and prove identity.\n\
+                         NKEYs are sensitive and should be treated as secrets.\n\n\
+                         -----BEGIN USER NKEY SEED-----\n{}\n------END USER NKEY SEED------\n\n\
+                         *************************************************************",
+            jwt, seed
+        );
+        Ok(creds)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/enumerator/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/enumerator/mod.rs
index 88384bfb685e6..e987a45188114 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/enumerator/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/enumerator/mod.rs
@@ -12,17 +12,19 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 
-use super::source::NatsSplit;
+use super::source::{NatsOffset, NatsSplit};
 use super::NatsProperties;
-use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContextRef, SplitEnumerator};
+use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContextRef, SplitEnumerator, SplitId};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct NatsSplitEnumerator {
     subject: String,
-    split_num: i32,
+    split_id: SplitId,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ impl SplitEnumerator for NatsSplitEnumerator {
     ) -> anyhow::Result<NatsSplitEnumerator> {
         Ok(Self {
             subject: properties.common.subject,
-            split_num: 0,
+            split_id: Arc::from("0"),
         })
     }
 
@@ -44,8 +46,8 @@ impl SplitEnumerator for NatsSplitEnumerator {
         // TODO: to simplify the logic, return 1 split for first version
         let nats_split = NatsSplit {
             subject: self.subject.clone(),
-            split_num: 0, // be the same as `from_nats_jetstream_message`
-            start_sequence: None,
+            split_id: Arc::from("0"), // be the same as `from_nats_jetstream_message`
+            start_sequence: NatsOffset::None,
         };
 
         Ok(vec![nats_split])
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
index 1d887e342f1f8..3e8cc57bc1da8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ pub const NATS_CONNECTOR: &str = "nats";
 pub struct NatsProperties {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: NatsCommon,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.mode")]
+    pub scan_startup_mode: Option<String>,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.timestamp_millis")]
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl NatsProperties {}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/message.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/message.rs
index afb3029d3b917..e582df86664e8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/message.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/message.rs
@@ -13,19 +13,37 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use async_nats;
+use async_nats::jetstream::Message;
 
 use crate::source::base::SourceMessage;
-use crate::source::SourceMeta;
+use crate::source::{SourceMeta, SplitId};
 
-impl SourceMessage {
-    pub fn from_nats_jetstream_message(message: async_nats::jetstream::message::Message) -> Self {
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct NatsMessage {
+    pub split_id: SplitId,
+    pub sequence_number: String,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl From<NatsMessage> for SourceMessage {
+    fn from(message: NatsMessage) -> Self {
         SourceMessage {
             key: None,
-            payload: Some(message.message.payload.to_vec()),
+            payload: Some(message.payload),
             // For nats jetstream, use sequence id as offset
-            offset: message.info().unwrap().stream_sequence.to_string(),
-            split_id: "0".into(),
+            offset: message.sequence_number,
+            split_id: message.split_id,
             meta: SourceMeta::Empty,
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl NatsMessage {
+    pub fn new(split_id: SplitId, message: Message) -> Self {
+        NatsMessage {
+            split_id,
+            sequence_number: message.info().unwrap().stream_sequence.to_string(),
+            payload: message.message.payload.to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
index d958b5a898495..6e22748bcf468 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/source/reader.rs
@@ -12,18 +12,19 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use anyhow::Result;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_nats::jetstream::consumer;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 
+use super::message::NatsMessage;
+use super::{NatsOffset, NatsSplit};
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 use crate::source::common::{into_chunk_stream, CommonSplitReader};
-use crate::source::nats::split::NatsSplit;
 use crate::source::nats::NatsProperties;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitReader,
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceMessage, SplitId, SplitReader,
 };
 
 pub struct NatsSplitReader {
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ pub struct NatsSplitReader {
     properties: NatsProperties,
     parser_config: ParserConfig,
     source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
+    start_position: NatsOffset,
+    split_id: SplitId,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -47,15 +50,42 @@ impl SplitReader for NatsSplitReader {
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         // TODO: to simplify the logic, return 1 split for first version
         assert!(splits.len() == 1);
+        let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
+        let split_id = split.split_id;
+        let start_position = match &split.start_sequence {
+            NatsOffset::None => match &properties.scan_startup_mode {
+                None => NatsOffset::Earliest,
+                Some(mode) => match mode.as_str() {
+                    "latest" => NatsOffset::Latest,
+                    "earliest" => NatsOffset::Earliest,
+                    "timestamp_millis" => {
+                        if let Some(time) = &properties.start_time {
+                            NatsOffset::Timestamp(time.parse()?)
+                        } else {
+                            return Err(anyhow!("scan_startup_timestamp_millis is required"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        return Err(anyhow!(
+                            "invalid scan_startup_mode, accept earliest/latest/timestamp_millis"
+                        ))
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            start_position => start_position.to_owned(),
+        };
+
         let consumer = properties
             .common
-            .build_consumer(0, splits[0].start_sequence)
+            .build_consumer(split_id.to_string(), start_position.clone())
             .await?;
         Ok(Self {
             consumer,
             properties,
             parser_config,
             source_ctx,
+            start_position,
+            split_id,
         })
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +105,10 @@ impl CommonSplitReader for NatsSplitReader {
         for msgs in messages.ready_chunks(capacity) {
             let mut msg_vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
             for msg in msgs {
-                msg_vec.push(SourceMessage::from_nats_jetstream_message(msg?));
+                msg_vec.push(SourceMessage::from(NatsMessage::new(
+                    self.split_id.clone(),
+                    msg?,
+                )));
             }
             yield msg_vec;
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
index f0fcfaff35481..4072de230d983 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
@@ -18,20 +18,29 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::source::{SplitId, SplitMetaData};
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Hash)]
+pub enum NatsOffset {
+    Earliest,
+    Latest,
+    SequenceNumber(String),
+    Timestamp(i128),
+    None,
+}
+
 /// The states of a NATS split, which will be persisted to checkpoint.
 #[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct NatsSplit {
     pub(crate) subject: String,
     // TODO: to simplify the logic, return 1 split for first version. May use parallelism in
     // future.
-    pub(crate) split_num: i32,
-    pub(crate) start_sequence: Option<u64>,
+    pub(crate) split_id: SplitId,
+    pub(crate) start_sequence: NatsOffset,
 }
 
 impl SplitMetaData for NatsSplit {
     fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
         // TODO: should avoid constructing a string every time
-        format!("{}", self.split_num).into()
+        format!("{}", self.split_id).into()
     }
 
     fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
@@ -44,16 +53,21 @@ impl SplitMetaData for NatsSplit {
 }
 
 impl NatsSplit {
-    pub fn new(subject: String, split_num: i32, start_sequence: Option<u64>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(subject: String, split_id: SplitId, start_sequence: NatsOffset) -> Self {
         Self {
             subject,
-            split_num,
+            split_id,
             start_sequence,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_sequence: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_sequence = Some(start_sequence.as_str().parse::<u64>().unwrap());
+        let start_sequence = if start_sequence.is_empty() {
+            NatsOffset::Earliest
+        } else {
+            NatsOffset::SequenceNumber(start_sequence)
+        };
+        self.start_sequence = start_sequence;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 603619f3a8b27..bc01c7f871d89 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["n
 base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
 bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
@@ -112,7 +111,6 @@ unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
 url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
-zeroize = { version = "1", features = ["zeroize_derive"] }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
@@ -124,7 +122,6 @@ aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["n
 base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
 bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
@@ -215,6 +212,5 @@ unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
 url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
-zeroize = { version = "1", features = ["zeroize_derive"] }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From 588bb80eec402eeb63dc1c8bc66661e996ba85fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 11:39:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 099/430] chore(deps): Bump aho-corasick from 1.0.5 to 1.1.0
 (#12402)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7abddeda699db..891ab13dc4a91 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c378d78423fdad8089616f827526ee33c19f2fddbd5de1629152c9593ba4783"
+checksum = "0f2135563fb5c609d2b2b87c1e8ce7bc41b0b45430fa9661f457981503dd5bf0"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]

From 161b9b0ef684aa065b3c78f1103925f13aafdf30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:03:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 100/430] feat(frontend): support background ddl for
 materialized views (#12355)

---
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh                  |  1 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt           | 73 ++++++++++++++++++
 proto/ddl_service.proto                     |  7 ++
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs        | 20 ++++-
 src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs | 14 +++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs       | 12 ++-
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs              |  6 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs        |  2 +
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs          | 85 +++++++++++++++++----
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs     | 24 +++++-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs           |  2 +
 11 files changed, 220 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index ea97c93276eea..fc0fb5e648865 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ echo "--- e2e, $mode, batch"
 RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=info,risingwave_batch=info,risingwave_storage=info" \
 cluster_start
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/visibility_mode/*.slt' --junit "batch-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/database/prepare.slt'
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d test './e2e_test/database/test.slt'
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6a8141697d006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+statement ok
+SET BACKGROUND_DDL=true;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER SYSTEM SET max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs TO 4;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE t (v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 500000);
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m2 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m3 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+sleep 3s
+
+query I
+select count(*) from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
+----
+3
+
+statement error
+SELECT * FROM m1;
+
+# Meta should always reject duplicate mview.
+statement error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m3 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+# Wait for background ddl to finish
+sleep 30s
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m1;
+----
+500000
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m2;
+----
+500000
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m3;
+----
+500000
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1;
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m2;
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m3;
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+statement ok
+SET BACKGROUND_DDL=false;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER SYSTEM SET max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs TO 1;
diff --git a/proto/ddl_service.proto b/proto/ddl_service.proto
index 27c9f2ee82f83..68a74d421462c 100644
--- a/proto/ddl_service.proto
+++ b/proto/ddl_service.proto
@@ -97,9 +97,16 @@ message DropSinkResponse {
   uint64 version = 2;
 }
 
+enum StreamJobExecutionMode {
+  STREAM_JOB_EXECUTION_MODE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  BACKGROUND = 1;
+  FOREGROUND = 2;
+}
+
 message CreateMaterializedViewRequest {
   catalog.Table materialized_view = 1;
   stream_plan.StreamFragmentGraph fragment_graph = 2;
+  StreamJobExecutionMode stream_job_execution_mode = 3;
 }
 
 message CreateMaterializedViewResponse {
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index 2643f9e0643d4..367cf4ce35ac4 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::util::epoch::Epoch;
 
 // This is a hack, &'static str is not allowed as a const generics argument.
 // TODO: refine this using the adt_const_params feature.
-const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 37] = [
+const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
     "RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH",
     "CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV",
     "QUERY_MODE",
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 37] = [
     "STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT",
     "CDC_BACKFILL",
     "RW_STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY",
+    "BACKGROUND_DDL",
 ];
 
 // MUST HAVE 1v1 relationship to CONFIG_KEYS. e.g. CONFIG_KEYS[IMPLICIT_FLUSH] =
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ const STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS: usize = 33;
 const STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
 const CDC_BACKFILL: usize = 35;
 const STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY: usize = 36;
+const BACKGROUND_DDL: usize = 37;
 
 trait ConfigEntry: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<&'a [&'a str], Error = RwError> {
     fn entry_name() -> &'static str;
@@ -339,6 +341,7 @@ type RowSecurity = ConfigBool<ROW_SECURITY, true>;
 type StandardConformingStrings = ConfigString<STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS>;
 type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
 type CdcBackfill = ConfigBool<CDC_BACKFILL, false>;
+type BackgroundDdl = ConfigBool<BACKGROUND_DDL, false>;
 
 /// Report status or notice to caller.
 pub trait ConfigReporter {
@@ -486,6 +489,8 @@ pub struct ConfigMap {
     /// Cache policy for partition cache in streaming over window.
     /// Can be "full", "recent", "recent_first_n" or "recent_last_n".
     streaming_over_window_cache_policy: OverWindowCachePolicy,
+
+    background_ddl: BackgroundDdl,
 }
 
 impl ConfigMap {
@@ -603,6 +608,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             self.cdc_backfill = val.as_slice().try_into()?
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(OverWindowCachePolicy::entry_name()) {
             self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
+            self.background_ddl = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else {
             return Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into());
         }
@@ -690,6 +697,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             Ok(self.cdc_backfill.to_string())
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(OverWindowCachePolicy::entry_name()) {
             Ok(self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy.to_string())
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
+            Ok(self.background_ddl.to_string())
         } else {
             Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into())
         }
@@ -882,6 +891,11 @@ impl ConfigMap {
                 setting: self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy.to_string(),
                 description: String::from(r#"Cache policy for partition cache in streaming over window. Can be "full", "recent", "recent_first_n" or "recent_last_n"."#),
             },
+            VariableInfo{
+                name: BackgroundDdl::entry_name().to_lowercase(),
+                setting: self.background_ddl.to_string(),
+                description: String::from("Run DDL statements in background"),
+            },
         ]
     }
 
@@ -1020,4 +1034,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
     pub fn get_streaming_over_window_cache_policy(&self) -> OverWindowCachePolicy {
         self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy
     }
+
+    pub fn get_background_ddl(&self) -> bool {
+        self.background_ddl.0
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
index 14a9f9ad104cc..bc2648fe105bd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::alter_relation_name_request::Relation;
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::create_connection_request;
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, StreamJobExecutionMode};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFragmentGraph;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::MetaClient;
 use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ pub trait CatalogWriter: Send + Sync {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
+        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()>;
 
     async fn create_table(
@@ -190,12 +191,19 @@ impl CatalogWriter for CatalogWriterImpl {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
+        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let (_, version) = self
             .meta_client
-            .create_materialized_view(table, graph)
+            .create_materialized_view(table, graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
             .await?;
-        self.wait_version(version).await
+        if matches!(
+            stream_job_execution_mode,
+            StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground | StreamJobExecutionMode::Unspecified
+        ) {
+            self.wait_version(version).await?
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn create_view(&self, view: PbView) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
index cc08064700aff..3983291e2845f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::StreamJobExecutionMode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_fragment_graph::Parallelism;
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::Action;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{EmitMode, Ident, ObjectName, Query};
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ It only indicates the physical clustering of the data, which may improve the per
         (table, graph)
     };
 
+    // Ensure writes to `StreamJobTracker` are atomic.
     let _job_guard =
         session
             .env()
@@ -199,9 +201,17 @@ It only indicates the physical clustering of the data, which may improve the per
                 table.name.clone(),
             ));
 
+    let run_in_background = session.config().get_background_ddl();
+    let stream_job_execution_mode = if run_in_background {
+        StreamJobExecutionMode::Background
+    } else {
+        StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground
+    };
+
+    let session = session.clone();
     let catalog_writer = session.catalog_writer()?;
     catalog_writer
-        .create_materialized_view(table, graph)
+        .create_materialized_view(table, graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
         .await?;
 
     Ok(PgResponse::empty_result(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index 20eb252fc5053..1823dcec91281 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView, Table,
 };
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress};
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress, StreamJobExecutionMode};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     BranchedObject, CompactionGroupInfo, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ impl CatalogWriter for MockCatalogWriter {
         &self,
         mut table: PbTable,
         _graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
+        _stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         table.id = self.gen_id();
         self.catalog.write().create_table(&table);
@@ -260,7 +261,8 @@ impl CatalogWriter for MockCatalogWriter {
             table.optional_associated_source_id =
                 Some(OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id));
         }
-        self.create_materialized_view(table, graph).await?;
+        self.create_materialized_view(table, graph, StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground)
+            .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
index 5e4172911ba70..2e6272a79c68f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ pub type MessageStatus = Status;
 pub type Notification = Result<SubscribeResponse, Status>;
 pub type NotificationManagerRef = Arc<NotificationManager>;
 pub type NotificationVersion = u64;
+/// NOTE(kwannoel): This is just ignored, used in background DDL
+pub const IGNORED_NOTIFICATION_VERSION: u64 = 0;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum LocalNotification {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index 254e1ae5eca29..42b46da61c604 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     connection, Connection, Database, Function, Schema, Source, Table, View,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::alter_relation_name_request::Relation;
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::DdlProgress;
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{DdlProgress, StreamJobExecutionMode};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFragmentGraph as StreamFragmentGraphProto;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tracing::log::warn;
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use crate::manager::{
     CatalogManagerRef, ClusterManagerRef, ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FragmentManagerRef, FunctionId,
     IdCategory, IndexId, LocalNotification, MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion, RelationIdEnum,
     SchemaId, SinkId, SourceId, StreamingClusterInfo, StreamingJob, TableId, ViewId,
+    IGNORED_NOTIFICATION_VERSION,
 };
 use crate::model::{StreamEnvironment, TableFragments};
 use crate::rpc::cloud_provider::AwsEc2Client;
@@ -92,7 +93,11 @@ pub enum DdlCommand {
     DropFunction(FunctionId),
     CreateView(View),
     DropView(ViewId, DropMode),
-    CreateStreamingJob(StreamingJob, StreamFragmentGraphProto),
+    CreateStreamingJob(
+        StreamingJob,
+        StreamFragmentGraphProto,
+        StreamJobExecutionMode,
+    ),
     DropStreamingJob(StreamingJobId, DropMode),
     ReplaceTable(StreamingJob, StreamFragmentGraphProto, ColIndexMapping),
     AlterRelationName(Relation, String),
@@ -235,8 +240,13 @@ impl DdlController {
                 DdlCommand::DropView(view_id, drop_mode) => {
                     ctrl.drop_view(view_id, drop_mode).await
                 }
-                DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph) => {
-                    ctrl.create_streaming_job(stream_job, fragment_graph).await
+                DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
+                    stream_job,
+                    fragment_graph,
+                    stream_job_execution_mode,
+                ) => {
+                    ctrl.create_streaming_job(stream_job, fragment_graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
+                        .await
                 }
                 DdlCommand::DropStreamingJob(job_id, drop_mode) => {
                     ctrl.drop_streaming_job(job_id, drop_mode).await
@@ -404,6 +414,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         &self,
         mut stream_job: StreamingJob,
         fragment_graph: StreamFragmentGraphProto,
+        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let _permit = self
             .creating_streaming_job_permits
@@ -429,32 +440,76 @@ impl DdlController {
 
             internal_tables = ctx.internal_tables();
 
-            match &stream_job {
-                StreamingJob::Table(Some(source), _) => {
+            match stream_job {
+                StreamingJob::Table(Some(ref source), _) => {
                     // Register the source on the connector node.
                     self.source_manager.register_source(source).await?;
                 }
-                StreamingJob::Sink(sink) => {
+                StreamingJob::Sink(ref sink) => {
                     // Validate the sink on the connector node.
                     validate_sink(sink, self.env.connector_client()).await?;
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
-
-            self.stream_manager
-                .create_streaming_job(table_fragments, ctx)
-                .await?;
+            (ctx, table_fragments)
         };
 
-        match result {
-            Ok(_) => self.finish_stream_job(stream_job, internal_tables).await,
-            Err(err) => {
+        let (ctx, table_fragments) = match result {
+            Ok(r) => r,
+            Err(e) => {
                 self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await;
-                Err(err)
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+        };
+
+        match stream_job_execution_mode {
+            StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground | StreamJobExecutionMode::Unspecified => {
+                self.create_streaming_job_inner(stream_job, table_fragments, ctx, internal_tables)
+                    .await
+            }
+            StreamJobExecutionMode::Background => {
+                let ctrl = self.clone();
+                let definition = stream_job.definition();
+                let fut = async move {
+                    let result = ctrl
+                        .create_streaming_job_inner(
+                            stream_job,
+                            table_fragments,
+                            ctx,
+                            internal_tables,
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                    match result {
+                        Err(e) => tracing::error!(definition, error = ?e, "stream_job_error"),
+                        Ok(_) => {
+                            tracing::info!(definition, "stream_job_ok")
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                tokio::spawn(fut);
+                Ok(IGNORED_NOTIFICATION_VERSION)
             }
         }
     }
 
+    async fn create_streaming_job_inner(
+        &self,
+        stream_job: StreamingJob,
+        table_fragments: TableFragments,
+        ctx: CreateStreamingJobContext,
+        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let result = self
+            .stream_manager
+            .create_streaming_job(table_fragments, ctx)
+            .await;
+        if let Err(e) = result {
+            self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await;
+            return Err(e);
+        };
+        self.finish_stream_job(stream_job, internal_tables).await
+    }
+
     async fn drop_streaming_job(
         &self,
         job_id: StreamingJobId,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
index 8cf8f3e419a50..e22deadf947e8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
@@ -229,7 +229,11 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
 
         let version = self
             .ddl_controller
-            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph))
+            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
+                stream_job,
+                fragment_graph,
+                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+            ))
             .await?;
 
         Ok(Response::new(CreateSinkResponse {
@@ -280,7 +284,11 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
 
         let version = self
             .ddl_controller
-            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph))
+            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
+                stream_job,
+                fragment_graph,
+                req.stream_job_execution_mode(),
+            ))
             .await?;
 
         Ok(Response::new(CreateMaterializedViewResponse {
@@ -331,7 +339,11 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
 
         let version = self
             .ddl_controller
-            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph))
+            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
+                stream_job,
+                fragment_graph,
+                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+            ))
             .await?;
 
         Ok(Response::new(CreateIndexResponse {
@@ -423,7 +435,11 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
 
         let version = self
             .ddl_controller
-            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph))
+            .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
+                stream_job,
+                fragment_graph,
+                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+            ))
             .await?;
 
         Ok(Response::new(CreateTableResponse {
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index f3d9f8ad12fd2..50cab50c92682 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -332,10 +332,12 @@ impl MetaClient {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
+        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<(TableId, CatalogVersion)> {
         let request = CreateMaterializedViewRequest {
             materialized_view: Some(table),
             fragment_graph: Some(graph),
+            stream_job_execution_mode: stream_job_execution_mode as i32,
         };
         let resp = self.inner.create_materialized_view(request).await?;
         // TODO: handle error in `resp.status` here

From a5b596fb41706e5cd0785584a54590b77ece5782 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:31:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 101/430] feat(dashboard): add metrics for agg dirty groups
 count & heap size (#12378)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 16 +++++
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           | 58 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 20 +++++++
 5 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 7124176909caa..c22b0b044b88f 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 37f3872df52e1..f0cacbe7116af 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -1236,6 +1236,22 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                                       "stream agg distinct cached keys count |table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
                     ],
                 ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Aggregation Dirty Group Count",
+                    "Statistics for dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_group_count')}",
+                                      "stream agg dirty group count | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Aggregation Dirty Group Heap Size",
+                    "Statistics for dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_group_heap_size')}",
+                                      "stream agg dirty group heap size | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
+                    ],
+                ),
                 panels.timeseries_count(
                     "TopN Cached Keys",
                     "The number of keys cached in each top_n executor's executor cache.",
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 7124176909caa..c22b0b044b88f 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 38938d23dfc1e..488c73f8768b0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, PrecomputedBuildHasher};
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -142,6 +143,9 @@ struct ExecutionVars<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     /// Changed group keys in the current epoch (before next flush).
     group_change_set: HashSet<K>,
 
+    /// Heap size of `group_change_set` and dirty [`AggGroup`]s in `agg_group_cache`.
+    dirty_groups_heap_size: KvSize,
+
     /// Distinct deduplicater to deduplicate input rows for each distinct agg call.
     distinct_dedup: DistinctDeduplicater<S>,
 
@@ -363,6 +367,15 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         // Apply chunk to each of the state (per agg_call), for each group.
         for (key, visibility) in group_visibilities {
             let mut agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(&key).unwrap();
+
+            // Mark the group as changed.
+            let key_size = key.estimated_size();
+            let old_group_size = if vars.group_change_set.insert(key) {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(agg_group.estimated_size())
+            };
+
             let visibilities = call_visibilities
                 .iter()
                 .map(|call_vis| call_vis & &visibility)
@@ -390,8 +403,39 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             agg_group
                 .apply_chunk(&chunk, &this.agg_calls, &this.agg_funcs, visibilities)
                 .await?;
-            // Mark the group as changed.
-            vars.group_change_set.insert(key);
+
+            // Update the metrics.
+            let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
+            let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
+            let metric_dirty_count = this
+                .metrics
+                .agg_dirty_group_count
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str]);
+            let metric_dirty_heap_size = this
+                .metrics
+                .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str]);
+            let new_group_size = agg_group.estimated_size();
+            if let Some(old_group_size) = old_group_size {
+                match new_group_size.cmp(&old_group_size) {
+                    std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => {
+                        let inc_size = new_group_size - old_group_size;
+                        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.add_size(inc_size);
+                        metric_dirty_heap_size.add(inc_size as i64);
+                    }
+                    std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
+                        let dec_size = old_group_size - new_group_size;
+                        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.sub_size(dec_size);
+                        metric_dirty_heap_size.sub(dec_size as i64);
+                    }
+                    std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {}
+                }
+            } else {
+                let inc_size = key_size * 2 + new_group_size;
+                vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.add_size(inc_size);
+                metric_dirty_heap_size.add(inc_size as i64);
+                metric_dirty_count.set(vars.group_change_set.len() as i64);
+            }
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -506,6 +550,15 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
 
         // clear the change set
         vars.group_change_set.clear();
+        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.set(0);
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_dirty_group_count
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .set(0);
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .set(0);
 
         // Yield the remaining rows in chunk builder.
         if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.take() {
@@ -564,6 +617,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                 PrecomputedBuildHasher,
             ),
             group_change_set: HashSet::new(),
+            dirty_groups_heap_size: KvSize::default(),
             distinct_dedup: DistinctDeduplicater::new(
                 &this.agg_calls,
                 &this.watermark_epoch,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index dc2c83c0d4bef..0a5fbd6334556 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub agg_distinct_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_distinct_total_cache_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_distinct_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub agg_dirty_group_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub agg_dirty_group_heap_size: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
 
     // Streaming TopN
     pub group_top_n_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -472,6 +474,22 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let agg_dirty_group_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_agg_dirty_group_count",
+            "Total dirty group counts in aggregation executor",
+            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let agg_dirty_group_heap_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_agg_dirty_group_heap_size",
+            "Total dirty group heap size in aggregation executor",
+            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let group_top_n_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count",
             "Group top n executor cache miss count",
@@ -817,6 +835,8 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             agg_distinct_cache_miss_count,
             agg_distinct_total_cache_count,
             agg_distinct_cached_entry_count,
+            agg_dirty_group_count,
+            agg_dirty_group_heap_size,
             group_top_n_cache_miss_count,
             group_top_n_total_query_cache_count,
             group_top_n_cached_entry_count,

From 0ae5c0e0126400d3e49da934fbea977a1b9a7ad4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:39:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 102/430] chore(test): tune datagen range (#12408)

---
 backwards-compat-tests/slt/tpch-backwards-compat/seed.slt | 3 ---
 e2e_test/batch/issue_7324.slt                             | 3 ---
 e2e_test/batch/tpch.slt                                   | 3 ---
 src/common/src/field_generator/numeric.rs                 | 4 ++--
 src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-docslt.rs                 | 5 +----
 src/tests/regress/src/schedule.rs                         | 1 -
 6 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backwards-compat-tests/slt/tpch-backwards-compat/seed.slt b/backwards-compat-tests/slt/tpch-backwards-compat/seed.slt
index b56cefeab247e..9cb3b200f4f84 100644
--- a/backwards-compat-tests/slt/tpch-backwards-compat/seed.slt
+++ b/backwards-compat-tests/slt/tpch-backwards-compat/seed.slt
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
 statement ok
 SET QUERY_MODE TO distributed;
 
-statement ok
-SET CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV TO true;
-
 include ../tpch/create_tables.slt.part
 
 include ../tpch/insert_customer.slt.part
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/issue_7324.slt b/e2e_test/batch/issue_7324.slt
index c5ac2636cc44b..76f70ee0443ed 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/issue_7324.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/issue_7324.slt
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 statement ok
 SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
 
-statement ok
-SET CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV TO true;
-
 statement ok
 CREATE TABLE INT2_TBL(f1 int2);
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/tpch.slt b/e2e_test/batch/tpch.slt
index b952fa798e96f..e895e30826104 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/tpch.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/tpch.slt
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ include ../tpch/drop_tables.slt.part
 statement ok
 SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
 
-statement ok
-SET CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV TO true;
-
 statement ok
 SET QUERY_MODE TO distributed;
 
diff --git a/src/common/src/field_generator/numeric.rs b/src/common/src/field_generator/numeric.rs
index 00920b9ff2104..e8e215a257772 100644
--- a/src/common/src/field_generator/numeric.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/field_generator/numeric.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ where
         if let Some(max_option) = max_option {
             max = max_option.parse::<T>()?;
         }
-        assert!(min < max);
+        assert!(min <= max);
 
         Ok(Self { min, max, seed })
     }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ where
             end = end_option.parse::<T>()?;
         }
 
-        assert!(start < end);
+        assert!(start <= end);
         Ok(Self {
             start,
             end,
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-docslt.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-docslt.rs
index b9e5e70d6e5f8..6a76ed1035959 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-docslt.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-docslt.rs
@@ -112,10 +112,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
             # This file is generated from `{}` at {}.\n\
             \n\
             statement ok\n\
-            set RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH to true;\n\
-            \n\
-            statement ok\n\
-            set CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV to true;\n",
+            set RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH to true;\n",
             path.display(),
             chrono::Utc::now()
         )?;
diff --git a/src/tests/regress/src/schedule.rs b/src/tests/regress/src/schedule.rs
index a1f6807c537d3..357cab473d135 100644
--- a/src/tests/regress/src/schedule.rs
+++ b/src/tests/regress/src/schedule.rs
@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ impl TestCase {
             DatabaseMode::Risingwave => {
                 vec![
                     "SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;\n",
-                    "SET CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV TO true;\n",
                     "SET QUERY_MODE TO LOCAL;\n",
                 ]
             }

From eb92f6f79cabee17f34bdf3d1f8976b34f392211 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:19:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 103/430] chore(deps): Bump pbjson from 0.5.1 to 0.6.0 (#12401)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock           | 6 +++---
 src/prost/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 891ab13dc4a91..53b60cbf31664 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -5351,11 +5351,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pbjson"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "048f9ac93c1eab514f9470c4bc8d97ca2a0a236b84f45cc19d69a59fc11467f6"
+checksum = "1030c719b0ec2a2d25a5df729d6cff1acf3cc230bf766f4f97833591f7577b90"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
  "serde",
 ]
 
diff --git a/src/prost/Cargo.toml b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
index a1acb61dc86d8..dc6375662f806 100644
--- a/src/prost/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ repository = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
-pbjson = "0.5"
+pbjson = "0.6"
 prost = "0.11"
 prost-helpers = { path = "helpers" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }

From e19a53690491f43e16de5d89d6735346a356663f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 06:05:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 104/430] chore(deps): Bump moka from 0.11.3 to 0.12.0 (#12403)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 99 +------------------
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |  2 +-
 .../src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs        |  3 +-
 src/rpc_client/Cargo.toml                     |  2 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs                     | 25 -----
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 53b60cbf31664..b364cac8b55b5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -404,26 +404,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "async-io"
-version = "1.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0fc5b45d93ef0529756f812ca52e44c221b35341892d3dcc34132ac02f3dd2af"
-dependencies = [
- "async-lock",
- "autocfg",
- "cfg-if",
- "concurrent-queue",
- "futures-lite",
- "log",
- "parking",
- "polling",
- "rustix 0.37.23",
- "slab",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
- "waker-fn",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "async-lock"
 version = "2.8.0"
@@ -3082,21 +3062,6 @@ version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4fff74096e71ed47f8e023204cfd0aa1289cd54ae5430a9523be060cdb849964"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "futures-lite"
-version = "1.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49a9d51ce47660b1e808d3c990b4709f2f415d928835a17dfd16991515c46bce"
-dependencies = [
- "fastrand 1.9.0",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-io",
- "memchr",
- "parking",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "waker-fn",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
 version = "0.3.28"
@@ -4072,12 +4037,6 @@ version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f051f77a7c8e6957c0696eac88f26b0117e54f52d3fc682ab19397a8812846a4"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.3.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef53942eb7bf7ff43a617b3e2c1c4a5ecf5944a7c1bc12d7ee39bbb15e5c1519"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.5"
@@ -4477,12 +4436,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "moka"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fa6e72583bf6830c956235bff0d5afec8cf2952f579ebad18ae7821a917d950f"
+checksum = "8dc65d4615c08c8a13d91fd404b5a2a4485ba35b4091e3315cf8798d280c2f29"
 dependencies = [
- "async-io",
  "async-lock",
+ "async-trait",
  "crossbeam-channel",
  "crossbeam-epoch",
  "crossbeam-utils",
@@ -4491,7 +4450,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "quanta",
  "rustc_version",
- "scheduled-thread-pool",
  "skeptic",
  "smallvec",
  "tagptr",
@@ -5200,12 +5158,6 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "384e52fd8fbd4cbe3c317e8216260c21a0f9134de108cea8a4dd4e7e152c472d"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "parking"
-version = "2.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "14f2252c834a40ed9bb5422029649578e63aa341ac401f74e719dd1afda8394e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.11.2"
@@ -5585,22 +5537,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "plotters-backend",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "polling"
-version = "2.8.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b2d323e8ca7996b3e23126511a523f7e62924d93ecd5ae73b333815b0eb3dce"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "cfg-if",
- "concurrent-queue",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "windows-sys 0.48.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
 version = "1.4.3"
@@ -7795,20 +7731,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.45.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rustix"
-version = "0.37.23"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4d69718bf81c6127a49dc64e44a742e8bb9213c0ff8869a22c308f84c1d4ab06"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "errno",
- "io-lifetimes",
- "libc",
- "linux-raw-sys 0.3.8",
- "windows-sys 0.48.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
 version = "0.38.11"
@@ -7948,15 +7870,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "scheduled-thread-pool"
-version = "0.2.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3cbc66816425a074528352f5789333ecff06ca41b36b0b0efdfbb29edc391a19"
-dependencies = [
- "parking_lot 0.12.1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "scoped-tls"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -9625,12 +9538,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "waker-fn"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d5b2c62b4012a3e1eca5a7e077d13b3bf498c4073e33ccd58626607748ceeca"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
 version = "2.4.0"
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index bb1b4b2b4ee0f..c8cb5a0204fa9 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ itertools = "0.11"
 jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
 jsonschema-transpiler = { git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
 maplit = "1.0.2"
-moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
+moka = { version = "0.12", features = ["future"] }
 mysql_async = { version = "0.32", default-features = false, features = [
     "default",
 ] }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
index a020109d0c79c..1383367ee557a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ impl ConfluentSchemaResolver {
 
     // get the writer schema by id
     pub async fn get(&self, schema_id: i32) -> Result<Arc<Schema>> {
-        if let Some(schema) = self.writer_schemas.get(&schema_id) {
+        // TODO: use `get_with`
+        if let Some(schema) = self.writer_schemas.get(&schema_id).await {
             Ok(schema)
         } else {
             let raw_schema = self.confluent_client.get_schema_by_id(schema_id).await?;
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/Cargo.toml b/src/rpc_client/Cargo.toml
index 7c3707d4fbc4c..f340837bf5d65 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/rpc_client/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 hyper = "0.14"
 itertools = "0.11.0"
 lru = "0.10.1"
+moka = { version = "0.12", features = ["future"] }
 rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ tracing = "0.1"
 url = "2.4.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
-moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [lints]
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
index aabb8e7378b65..7d94c1a0d789d 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 
 use std::any::type_name;
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::iter::repeat;
@@ -40,15 +38,12 @@ use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt};
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 use moka::future::Cache;
 use rand::prelude::SliceRandom;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::heartbeat_request::extra_info;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{channel, Sender};
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
@@ -84,12 +79,7 @@ pub trait RpcClient: Send + Sync + 'static + Clone {
 pub struct RpcClientPool<S> {
     connection_pool_size: u16,
 
-    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
     clients: Cache<HostAddr, Vec<S>>,
-
-    // moka::Cache internally uses system thread, so we can't use it in simulation
-    #[cfg(madsim)]
-    clients: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<HostAddr, S>>>,
 }
 
 impl<S> Default for RpcClientPool<S>
@@ -108,10 +98,7 @@ where
     pub fn new(connection_pool_size: u16) -> Self {
         Self {
             connection_pool_size,
-            #[cfg(not(madsim))]
             clients: Cache::new(u64::MAX),
-            #[cfg(madsim)]
-            clients: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -124,7 +111,6 @@ where
 
     /// Gets the RPC client for the given addr. If the connection is not established, a
     /// new client will be created and returned.
-    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
     pub async fn get_by_addr(&self, addr: HostAddr) -> Result<S> {
         Ok(self
             .clients
@@ -140,17 +126,6 @@ where
             .unwrap()
             .clone())
     }
-
-    #[cfg(madsim)]
-    pub async fn get_by_addr(&self, addr: HostAddr) -> Result<S> {
-        let mut clients = self.clients.lock().await;
-        if let Some(client) = clients.get(&addr) {
-            return Ok(client.clone());
-        }
-        let client = S::new_client(addr.clone()).await?;
-        clients.insert(addr, client.clone());
-        Ok(client)
-    }
 }
 
 /// `ExtraInfoSource` is used by heartbeat worker to pull extra info that needs to be piggybacked.
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 77501cd5f4dcd..3d38a575291ba 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_futures"] }
-moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
+moka = { version = "0.12", features = ["future"] }
 risingwave_test_runner = { workspace = true }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"] }
 

From 86dfcc4885f22e034660cdbd1579f54f608a7532 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:18:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 105/430] feat(ci): support trigger standalone tests in
 `pull-request` workflow (#12394)

---
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 1ae02ba16c295..b5fdbd8111f90 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -460,3 +460,19 @@ steps:
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
     timeout_in_minutes: 5
+
+  - label: "e2e standalone binary test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-dev -m standalone"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-standalone-tests"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+      - "docslt"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
+    retry: *auto-retry

From 7f647a36b80c7a3117b23a0332c8c830800a260b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:27:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 106/430] feat(sqlparser): support specifying DEBEZIUM JSON for
 CDC tables to enable schema change (#12306)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt |  42 ++++++
 src/common/src/error.rs                       |  19 +--
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs            | 139 +++++++++++-------
 src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs                   |  57 +------
 4 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 116 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt b/e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt
index 15fce0b554dc9..4ac6669913c58 100644
--- a/e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt
@@ -125,3 +125,45 @@ create table shipments (
  table.name = 'shipments',
  slot.name = 'shipments'
 );
+
+# format & encode provided and match with debezium json, this is okay
+statement ok
+explain create table shipments (
+  shipment_id INTEGER,
+  order_id INTEGER,
+  origin STRING,
+  destination STRING,
+  is_arrived boolean,
+ PRIMARY KEY (shipment_id)
+) with (
+ connector = 'postgres-cdc',
+ hostname = 'db',
+ port = '5432',
+ username = 'postgres',
+ password = 'postgres',
+ database.name = 'cdc_test',
+ schema.name = 'public',
+ table.name = 'shipments',
+ slot.name = 'shipments'
+) format debezium encode json;
+
+# format & encode provided but mismatch with debezium json, this is not allowed
+statement error Row format for CDC connectors should be either omitted or set to `FORMAT DEBEZIUM ENCODE JSON`
+create table shipments (
+  shipment_id INTEGER,
+  order_id real,
+  origin STRING,
+  destination STRING,
+  is_arrived boolean,
+ PRIMARY KEY (shipment_id)
+) with (
+ connector = 'postgres-cdc',
+ hostname = 'db',
+ port = '5432',
+ username = 'postgres',
+ password = 'postgres',
+ database.name = 'cdc_test',
+ schema.name = 'public',
+ table.name = 'shipments',
+ slot.name = 'shipments'
+) format canal encode csv;
diff --git a/src/common/src/error.rs b/src/common/src/error.rs
index b0c577ea42947..3c143a7f23d5f 100644
--- a/src/common/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/error.rs
@@ -330,7 +330,8 @@ impl<T> ToErrorStr for tokio::sync::mpsc::error::SendError<T> {
 
 impl ToErrorStr for anyhow::Error {
     fn to_error_str(self) -> String {
-        self.to_string()
+        // Note: use alternate Display to print the source chain.
+        format!("{:#}", self)
     }
 }
 
@@ -559,13 +560,13 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_rw_result() {
-        let res: core::result::Result<(), anyhow::Error> = Err(anyhow::Error::new(
-            std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted, "abc"),
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            res.to_rw_result().unwrap_err().to_string(),
-            "internal error: abc"
-        );
+    fn test_internal_sources() {
+        use anyhow::Context;
+
+        let res: Result<()> = Err(anyhow::anyhow!("inner"))
+            .context("outer")
+            .map_err(Into::into);
+
+        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "internal error: outer: inner");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index 3a90d21be7cc1..f0df9808094b8 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -397,9 +397,10 @@ impl Format {
             "CANAL" => Format::Canal,
             "PLAIN" => Format::Plain,
             "UPSERT" => Format::Upsert,
+            "NATIVE" => Format::Native, // used internally for schema change
             _ => {
                 return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "expected CANAL | PROTOBUF | DEBEZIUM | MAXWELL | Plain after FORMAT"
+                    "expected CANAL | PROTOBUF | DEBEZIUM | MAXWELL | PLAIN | NATIVE after FORMAT"
                         .to_string(),
                 ))
             }
@@ -444,9 +445,11 @@ impl Encode {
             "CSV" => Encode::Csv,
             "PROTOBUF" => Encode::Protobuf,
             "JSON" => Encode::Json,
+            "NATIVE" => Encode::Native, // used internally for schema change
             _ => {
                 return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "expected AVRO | BYTES | CSV | PROTOBUF | JSON after Encode".to_string(),
+                    "expected AVRO | BYTES | CSV | PROTOBUF | JSON | NATIVE after Encode"
+                        .to_string(),
                 ))
             }
         })
@@ -514,7 +517,7 @@ impl From<SourceSchemaV2> for CompatibleSourceSchema {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn parse_source_shcema(p: &mut Parser) -> Result<CompatibleSourceSchema, ParserError> {
+fn parse_source_schema(p: &mut Parser) -> Result<CompatibleSourceSchema, ParserError> {
     if p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT]) {
         p.expect_keyword(Keyword::FORMAT)?;
         let id = p.parse_identifier()?;
@@ -561,18 +564,20 @@ pub fn parse_source_shcema(p: &mut Parser) -> Result<CompatibleSourceSchema, Par
                 impl_parse_to!(csv_info: CsvInfo, p);
                 SourceSchema::Csv(csv_info)
             }
+            "NATIVE" => SourceSchema::Native, // used internally by schema change
             "DEBEZIUM_AVRO" => {
                 impl_parse_to!(avro_schema: DebeziumAvroSchema, p);
                 SourceSchema::DebeziumAvro(avro_schema)
             }
-            "BYTES" => {
-                SourceSchema::Bytes
+            "BYTES" => SourceSchema::Bytes,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
+                    "expected JSON | UPSERT_JSON | PROTOBUF | DEBEZIUM_JSON | DEBEZIUM_AVRO \
+                    | AVRO | UPSERT_AVRO | MAXWELL | CANAL_JSON | BYTES | NATIVE after ROW FORMAT"
+                        .to_string(),
+                ))
             }
-            _ => return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                "expected JSON | UPSERT_JSON | PROTOBUF | DEBEZIUM_JSON | DEBEZIUM_AVRO | AVRO | UPSERT_AVRO | MAXWELL | CANAL_JSON | BYTES after ROW FORMAT".to_string(),
-            ))
-
-        }    ;
+        };
         Ok(CompatibleSourceSchema::RowFormat(schema))
     } else {
         Err(ParserError::ParserError(
@@ -581,7 +586,77 @@ pub fn parse_source_shcema(p: &mut Parser) -> Result<CompatibleSourceSchema, Par
     }
 }
 
+impl Parser {
+    /// Peek the next tokens to see if it is `FORMAT` or `ROW FORMAT` (for compatibility).
+    fn peek_source_schema_format(&mut self) -> bool {
+        (self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
+            && self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT])) // ROW FORMAT
+            || self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT]) // FORMAT
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the source schema. The behavior depends on the `connector` type.
+    pub fn parse_source_schema_with_connector(
+        &mut self,
+        connector: &str,
+    ) -> Result<CompatibleSourceSchema, ParserError> {
+        // row format for cdc source must be debezium json
+        // row format for nexmark source must be native
+        // default row format for datagen source is native
+        if connector.contains("-cdc") {
+            let expected = SourceSchemaV2::debezium_json();
+            if self.peek_source_schema_format() {
+                let schema = parse_source_schema(self)?.into_source_schema_v2().0;
+                if schema != expected {
+                    return Err(ParserError::ParserError(format!(
+                        "Row format for CDC connectors should be \
+                         either omitted or set to `{expected}`",
+                    )));
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(expected.into())
+        } else if connector.contains("nexmark") {
+            let expected = SourceSchemaV2::native();
+            if self.peek_source_schema_format() {
+                let schema = parse_source_schema(self)?.into_source_schema_v2().0;
+                if schema != expected {
+                    return Err(ParserError::ParserError(format!(
+                        "Row format for nexmark connectors should be \
+                         either omitted or set to `{expected}`",
+                    )));
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(expected.into())
+        } else if connector.contains("datagen") {
+            Ok(if self.peek_source_schema_format() {
+                parse_source_schema(self)?
+            } else {
+                SourceSchemaV2::native().into()
+            })
+        } else {
+            Ok(parse_source_schema(self)?)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl SourceSchemaV2 {
+    /// Create a new source schema with `Debezium` format and `Json` encoding.
+    pub const fn debezium_json() -> Self {
+        SourceSchemaV2 {
+            format: Format::Debezium,
+            row_encode: Encode::Json,
+            row_options: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new source schema with `Native` format and encoding.
+    pub const fn native() -> Self {
+        SourceSchemaV2 {
+            format: Format::Native,
+            row_encode: Encode::Native,
+            row_options: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn gen_options(&self) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, String>, ParserError> {
         self.row_options
             .iter()
@@ -900,49 +975,7 @@ impl ParseTo for CreateSourceStatement {
         // row format for cdc source must be debezium json
         // row format for nexmark source must be native
         // default row format for datagen source is native
-        let source_schema = if connector.contains("-cdc") {
-            if (p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                && p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                || p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-            {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError("Row format for cdc connectors should not be set here because it is limited to debezium json".to_string()));
-            }
-            SourceSchemaV2 {
-                format: Format::Debezium,
-                row_encode: Encode::Json,
-                row_options: Default::default(),
-            }
-            .into()
-        } else if connector.contains("nexmark") {
-            if (p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                && p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                || p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-            {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError("Row format for nexmark connectors should not be set here because it is limited to internal native format".to_string()));
-            }
-            SourceSchemaV2 {
-                format: Format::Native,
-                row_encode: Encode::Native,
-                row_options: Default::default(),
-            }
-            .into()
-        } else if connector.contains("datagen") {
-            if (p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                && p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                || p.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-            {
-                parse_source_shcema(p)?
-            } else {
-                SourceSchemaV2 {
-                    format: Format::Native,
-                    row_encode: Encode::Native,
-                    row_options: Default::default(),
-                }
-                .into()
-            }
-        } else {
-            parse_source_shcema(p)?
-        };
+        let source_schema = p.parse_source_schema_with_connector(&connector)?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             if_not_exists,
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
index 7cb8a099436c9..ee054f7d17031 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs
@@ -2431,62 +2431,11 @@ impl Parser {
             .iter()
             .find(|&opt| opt.name.real_value() == UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY);
         let connector = option.map(|opt| opt.value.to_string());
-        // row format for cdc source must be debezium json
-        // row format for nexmark source must be native
-        // default row format for datagen source is native
+
         let source_schema = if let Some(connector) = connector {
-            if connector.contains("-cdc") {
-                if (self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                    && self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                    || self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-                {
-                    return Err(ParserError::ParserError("Row format for cdc connectors should not be set here because it is limited to debezium json".to_string()));
-                }
-                Some(
-                    SourceSchemaV2 {
-                        format: Format::Debezium,
-                        row_encode: Encode::Json,
-                        row_options: Default::default(),
-                    }
-                    .into(),
-                )
-            } else if connector.contains("nexmark") {
-                if (self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                    && self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                    || self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-                {
-                    return Err(ParserError::ParserError("Row format for nexmark connectors should not be set here because it is limited to internal native format".to_string()));
-                }
-                Some(
-                    SourceSchemaV2 {
-                        format: Format::Native,
-                        row_encode: Encode::Native,
-                        row_options: Default::default(),
-                    }
-                    .into(),
-                )
-            } else if connector.contains("datagen") {
-                if (self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::ROW])
-                    && self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(1, &[Keyword::FORMAT]))
-                    || self.peek_nth_any_of_keywords(0, &[Keyword::FORMAT])
-                {
-                    Some(parse_source_shcema(self)?)
-                } else {
-                    Some(
-                        SourceSchemaV2 {
-                            format: Format::Native,
-                            row_encode: Encode::Native,
-                            row_options: Default::default(),
-                        }
-                        .into(),
-                    )
-                }
-            } else {
-                Some(parse_source_shcema(self)?)
-            }
+            Some(self.parse_source_schema_with_connector(&connector)?)
         } else {
-            // Table is NOT created with an external connector.
-            None
+            None // Table is NOT created with an external connector.
         };
 
         // Parse optional `AS ( query )`

From a789c615be99eb126c24df6de452f1d92a5444a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:33:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 107/430] chore: update hakari config to reduce
 [build-dependencies] (#12411)

---
 .config/hakari.toml           |  10 ++-
 Cargo.lock                    |  15 ++++
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml | 163 +++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 3 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index fd5ad4473184f..2aa25a035985a 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -15,15 +15,17 @@ resolver = "2"
 # Add triples corresponding to platforms commonly used by developers here.
 # https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support.html
 platforms = [
-    # "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    # "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    # "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    # "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
 ]
 
 # Write out exact versions rather than a semver range. (Defaults to false.)
 # exact-versions = true
 
+unify-target-host = "unify-if-both"
+
 [traversal-excludes]
 workspace-members = [
     "workspace-config",
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b364cac8b55b5..a47ade465d8d4 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9901,9 +9901,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
+ "axum",
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
+ "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "cc",
  "chrono",
@@ -9942,12 +9944,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime_guess",
+ "miniz_oxide",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
+ "once_cell",
+ "openssl-sys",
+ "opentelemetry",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -9962,12 +9970,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core",
+ "rdkafka-sys",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
+ "rustix 0.38.11",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -9976,6 +9987,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
+ "tikv-jemallocator",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -9987,6 +10000,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml_edit",
  "tonic",
  "tower",
+ "tower-http",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -9994,6 +10008,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-normalization",
  "url",
  "uuid",
+ "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index bc01c7f871d89..5d5d6d7bd0902 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -116,66 +116,26 @@ uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
-aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["hardcoded-credentials"] }
-aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
-aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
-base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
-bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
-clap = { version = "4", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
-clap_builder = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["cargo", "color", "env", "help", "std", "suggestions", "usage"] }
-combine = { version = "4" }
-crossbeam-epoch = { version = "0.9" }
-crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
 deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
 either = { version = "1" }
-fail = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["failpoints"] }
 fixedbitset = { version = "0.4" }
-flate2 = { version = "1", features = ["zlib"] }
 frunk_core = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-futures = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-channel = { version = "0.3", features = ["sink"] }
-futures-core = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-io = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-sink = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
-hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
-hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
-indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
-jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
-lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
-lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
-lexical-parse-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
-lexical-util = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "parse-floats", "parse-integers", "std", "write-floats", "write-integers"] }
-lexical-write-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
-lexical-write-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
-lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
-mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", features = ["i128", "libm"] }
-opentelemetry_api = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
-parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock", "deadlock_detection"] }
-parking_lot_core = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
 phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
-postgres-types = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "with-chrono-0_4", "with-serde_json-1"] }
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1", features = ["span-locations"] }
-prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
 prost = { version = "0.11", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
 rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
@@ -183,34 +143,115 @@ rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
-reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json", "rustls-tls"] }
-ring = { version = "0.16", features = ["std"] }
-rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
-scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
-serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
-smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
-subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
-tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
-tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "4538cd6", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
-tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
-tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
-tonic = { version = "0.9", features = ["gzip", "tls-webpki-roots"] }
-tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["balance", "buffer", "filter", "limit", "load-shed", "retry", "timeout", "util"] }
-tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
-tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "local-time", "parking_lot"] }
-unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
-unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
-url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
-uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.6" }
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+mime_guess = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
+rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
+tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
+zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
+
+[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
+memchr = { version = "2" }
+miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
+once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From aa5e7988fe85acb5b4bf06c0340ec30e24627cee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rossil <40714231+Rossil2012@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:40:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 108/430] feat(sink): implement pulsar sink (#12286)

---
 src/connector/src/common.rs                   | 111 +++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  11 +
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              | 354 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/source/pulsar/enumerator/client.rs    |   4 +-
 src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs        | 119 +-----
 .../src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs        |   2 +-
 6 files changed, 484 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/src/common.rs b/src/connector/src/common.rs
index 4e2142fda0adb..a0be76d7a837c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/common.rs
@@ -14,21 +14,28 @@
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::Write;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use anyhow::Ok;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Ok};
 use async_nats::jetstream::consumer::DeliverPolicy;
 use async_nats::jetstream::{self};
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::Client as KinesisClient;
 use clickhouse::Client;
+use pulsar::authentication::oauth2::{OAuth2Authentication, OAuth2Params};
+use pulsar::{Authentication, Pulsar, TokioExecutor};
 use rdkafka::ClientConfig;
-use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
+use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::InvalidParameterValue;
+use risingwave_common::error::{anyhow_error, RwError};
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::json::JsonString;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 use time::OffsetDateTime;
+use url::Url;
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
+use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
 use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
 use crate::source::nats::source::NatsOffset;
@@ -245,6 +252,106 @@ impl KafkaCommon {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PulsarCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "topic", alias = "pulsar.topic")]
+    pub topic: String,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "service.url", alias = "pulsar.service.url")]
+    pub service_url: String,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "auth.token")]
+    pub auth_token: Option<String>,
+
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub oauth: Option<PulsarOauthCommon>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PulsarOauthCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "oauth.issuer.url")]
+    pub issuer_url: String,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "oauth.credentials.url")]
+    pub credentials_url: String,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "oauth.audience")]
+    pub audience: String,
+
+    #[serde(rename = "oauth.scope")]
+    pub scope: Option<String>,
+
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    /// required keys refer to [`crate::aws_utils::AWS_DEFAULT_CONFIG`]
+    pub s3_credentials: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl PulsarCommon {
+    pub(crate) async fn build_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Pulsar<TokioExecutor>> {
+        let mut pulsar_builder = Pulsar::builder(&self.service_url, TokioExecutor);
+        let mut temp_file = None;
+        if let Some(oauth) = &self.oauth {
+            let url = Url::parse(&oauth.credentials_url)?;
+            match url.scheme() {
+                "s3" => {
+                    let credentials = load_file_descriptor_from_s3(
+                        &url,
+                        &AwsAuthProps::from_pairs(
+                            oauth
+                                .s3_credentials
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v.as_str())),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                    let mut f = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+                    f.write_all(&credentials)?;
+                    f.as_file().sync_all()?;
+                    temp_file = Some(f);
+                }
+                "file" => {}
+                _ => {
+                    return Err(RwError::from(InvalidParameterValue(String::from(
+                        "invalid credentials_url, only file url and s3 url are supported",
+                    )))
+                    .into());
+                }
+            }
+
+            let auth_params = OAuth2Params {
+                issuer_url: oauth.issuer_url.clone(),
+                credentials_url: if temp_file.is_none() {
+                    oauth.credentials_url.clone()
+                } else {
+                    let mut raw_path = temp_file
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .path()
+                        .to_str()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_string();
+                    raw_path.insert_str(0, "file://");
+                    raw_path
+                },
+                audience: Some(oauth.audience.clone()),
+                scope: oauth.scope.clone(),
+            };
+
+            pulsar_builder = pulsar_builder
+                .with_auth_provider(OAuth2Authentication::client_credentials(auth_params));
+        } else if let Some(auth_token) = &self.auth_token {
+            pulsar_builder = pulsar_builder.with_auth(Authentication {
+                name: "token".to_string(),
+                data: Vec::from(auth_token.as_str()),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let res = pulsar_builder.build().await.map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+        drop(temp_file);
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct KinesisCommon {
     #[serde(rename = "stream", alias = "kinesis.stream.name")]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index b8fba46813199..9588e00aa655a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub mod iceberg;
 pub mod kafka;
 pub mod kinesis;
 pub mod nats;
+pub mod pulsar;
 pub mod redis;
 pub mod remote;
 #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ use self::clickhouse::{ClickHouseConfig, ClickHouseSink};
 use self::encoder::SerTo;
 use self::formatter::SinkFormatter;
 use self::iceberg::{IcebergSink, ICEBERG_SINK, REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK};
+use self::pulsar::{PulsarConfig, PulsarSink};
 use crate::sink::boxed::BoxSink;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
 use crate::sink::clickhouse::CLICKHOUSE_SINK;
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ use crate::sink::iceberg::{IcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergSink
 use crate::sink::kafka::{KafkaConfig, KafkaSink, KAFKA_SINK};
 use crate::sink::kinesis::{KinesisSink, KinesisSinkConfig, KINESIS_SINK};
 use crate::sink::nats::{NatsConfig, NatsSink, NATS_SINK};
+use crate::sink::pulsar::PULSAR_SINK;
 use crate::sink::redis::{RedisConfig, RedisSink};
 use crate::sink::remote::{CoordinatedRemoteSink, RemoteConfig, RemoteSink};
 #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
@@ -321,6 +324,7 @@ pub enum SinkConfig {
     Kinesis(Box<KinesisSinkConfig>),
     Iceberg(IcebergConfig),
     RemoteIceberg(RemoteIcebergConfig),
+    Pulsar(PulsarConfig),
     BlackHole,
     ClickHouse(Box<ClickHouseConfig>),
     Nats(NatsConfig),
@@ -386,6 +390,7 @@ impl SinkConfig {
                 ClickHouseConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
             ))),
             BLACKHOLE_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::BlackHole),
+            PULSAR_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Pulsar(PulsarConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?)),
             REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::RemoteIceberg(
                 RemoteIcebergConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
             )),
@@ -411,6 +416,7 @@ pub enum SinkImpl {
     Redis(RedisSink),
     Kafka(KafkaSink),
     Remote(RemoteSink),
+    Pulsar(PulsarSink),
     BlackHole(BlackHoleSink),
     Kinesis(KinesisSink),
     ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink),
@@ -426,6 +432,7 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             SinkImpl::Kafka(_) => "kafka",
             SinkImpl::Redis(_) => "redis",
             SinkImpl::Remote(_) => "remote",
+            SinkImpl::Pulsar(_) => "pulsar",
             SinkImpl::BlackHole(_) => "blackhole",
             SinkImpl::Kinesis(_) => "kinesis",
             SinkImpl::ClickHouse(_) => "clickhouse",
@@ -446,6 +453,7 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_sink {
             SinkImpl::Redis($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Kafka($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Remote($sink) => $body,
+            SinkImpl::Pulsar($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::BlackHole($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Kinesis($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::ClickHouse($sink) => $body,
@@ -464,6 +472,7 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             SinkConfig::Kafka(cfg) => SinkImpl::Kafka(KafkaSink::new(*cfg, param)),
             SinkConfig::Kinesis(cfg) => SinkImpl::Kinesis(KinesisSink::new(*cfg, param)),
             SinkConfig::Remote(cfg) => SinkImpl::Remote(RemoteSink::new(cfg, param)),
+            SinkConfig::Pulsar(cfg) => SinkImpl::Pulsar(PulsarSink::new(cfg, param)),
             SinkConfig::BlackHole => SinkImpl::BlackHole(BlackHoleSink),
             SinkConfig::ClickHouse(cfg) => SinkImpl::ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink::new(
                 *cfg,
@@ -508,6 +517,8 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     ClickHouse(String),
     #[error("Nats error: {0}")]
     Nats(anyhow::Error),
+    #[error("Pulsar error: {0}")]
+    Pulsar(anyhow::Error),
 }
 
 impl From<RpcError> for SinkError {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..306fc2046b719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use futures::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::TryFutureExt;
+use pulsar::producer::{Message, SendFuture};
+use pulsar::{Producer, ProducerOptions, Pulsar, TokioExecutor};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
+use super::{
+    FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+    SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+};
+use crate::common::PulsarCommon;
+use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result};
+
+pub const PULSAR_SINK: &str = "pulsar";
+
+/// The delivery buffer queue size
+/// When the `SendFuture` the current `send_future_buffer`
+/// is buffering is greater than this size, then enforcing commit once
+const PULSAR_SEND_FUTURE_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE: usize = 65536;
+
+const fn _default_max_retries() -> u32 {
+    3
+}
+
+const fn _default_retry_backoff() -> Duration {
+    Duration::from_millis(100)
+}
+
+const fn _default_batch_size() -> u32 {
+    10000
+}
+
+const fn _default_batch_byte_size() -> usize {
+    1 << 20
+}
+
+fn pulsar_to_sink_err(e: pulsar::Error) -> SinkError {
+    SinkError::Pulsar(anyhow!(e))
+}
+
+async fn build_pulsar_producer(
+    pulsar: &Pulsar<TokioExecutor>,
+    config: &PulsarConfig,
+) -> Result<Producer<TokioExecutor>> {
+    pulsar
+        .producer()
+        .with_options(ProducerOptions {
+            batch_size: Some(config.producer_properties.batch_size),
+            batch_byte_size: Some(config.producer_properties.batch_byte_size),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .with_topic(&config.common.topic)
+        .build()
+        .map_err(pulsar_to_sink_err)
+        .await
+}
+
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PulsarPropertiesProducer {
+    #[serde(rename = "properties.batch.size", default = "_default_batch_size")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    batch_size: u32,
+
+    #[serde(
+        rename = "properties.batch.byte.size",
+        default = "_default_batch_byte_size"
+    )]
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    batch_byte_size: usize,
+}
+
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PulsarConfig {
+    #[serde(rename = "properties.retry.max", default = "_default_max_retries")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    pub max_retry_num: u32,
+
+    #[serde(
+        rename = "properties.retry.interval",
+        default = "_default_retry_backoff",
+        deserialize_with = "deserialize_duration_from_string"
+    )]
+    pub retry_interval: Duration,
+
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub common: PulsarCommon,
+
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub producer_properties: PulsarPropertiesProducer,
+
+    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
+}
+
+impl PulsarConfig {
+    pub fn from_hashmap(values: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let config = serde_json::from_value::<PulsarConfig>(serde_json::to_value(values).unwrap())
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
+
+        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "`{}` must be {}, or {}",
+                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct PulsarSink {
+    pub config: PulsarConfig,
+    schema: Schema,
+    downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+}
+
+impl PulsarSink {
+    pub fn new(config: PulsarConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            schema: param.schema(),
+            downstream_pk: param.downstream_pk,
+            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Sink for PulsarSink {
+    type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
+    type Writer = PulsarSinkWriter;
+
+    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+        PulsarSinkWriter::new(
+            self.config.clone(),
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.downstream_pk.clone(),
+            self.is_append_only,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+        // For upsert Pulsar sink, the primary key must be defined.
+        if !self.is_append_only && self.downstream_pk.is_empty() {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "primary key not defined for {} pulsar sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
+                self.config.r#type
+            )));
+        }
+
+        // Validate pulsar connection.
+        let pulsar = self.config.common.build_client().await?;
+        build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &self.config).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PulsarSinkWriter {
+    pulsar: Pulsar<TokioExecutor>,
+    producer: Producer<TokioExecutor>,
+    config: PulsarConfig,
+    schema: Schema,
+    downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+    send_future_buffer: VecDeque<SendFuture>,
+}
+
+impl PulsarSinkWriter {
+    pub async fn new(
+        config: PulsarConfig,
+        schema: Schema,
+        downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let pulsar = config.common.build_client().await?;
+        let producer = build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &config).await?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            pulsar,
+            producer,
+            config,
+            schema,
+            downstream_pk,
+            is_append_only,
+            send_future_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn send_message(&mut self, message: Message) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut success_flag = false;
+        let mut connection_err = None;
+
+        for _ in 0..self.config.max_retry_num {
+            match self.producer.send(message.clone()).await {
+                // If the message is sent successfully,
+                // a SendFuture holding the message receipt
+                // or error after sending is returned
+                Ok(send_future) => {
+                    // Check if send_future_buffer is greater than the preset limit
+                    while self.send_future_buffer.len() >= PULSAR_SEND_FUTURE_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE {
+                        self.send_future_buffer
+                            .pop_front()
+                            .expect("Expect the SendFuture not to be None")
+                            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Pulsar(anyhow!(e)))
+                            .await?;
+                    }
+
+                    success_flag = true;
+                    self.send_future_buffer.push_back(send_future);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // error upon sending
+                Err(e) => match e {
+                    pulsar::Error::Connection(_)
+                    | pulsar::Error::Producer(_)
+                    | pulsar::Error::Consumer(_) => {
+                        connection_err = Some(e);
+                        tokio::time::sleep(self.config.retry_interval).await;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    _ => return Err(SinkError::Pulsar(anyhow!(e))),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !success_flag {
+            Err(SinkError::Pulsar(anyhow!(connection_err.unwrap())))
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn write_inner(
+        &mut self,
+        event_key_object: Option<String>,
+        event_object: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let message = Message {
+            partition_key: event_key_object,
+            payload: event_object.unwrap_or_default(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        self.send_message(message).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
+        let schema = self.schema.clone();
+        let downstream_pk = self.downstream_pk.clone();
+        let key_encoder =
+            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&downstream_pk), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+        // Initialize the append_only_stream
+        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
+    }
+
+    async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
+        let schema = self.schema.clone();
+        let downstream_pk = self.downstream_pk.clone();
+        let key_encoder =
+            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&downstream_pk), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+        // Initialize the upsert_stream
+        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+
+        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.producer
+            .send_batch()
+            .map_err(pulsar_to_sink_err)
+            .await?;
+        try_join_all(
+            self.send_future_buffer
+                .drain(..)
+                .map(|send_future| send_future.map_err(|e| SinkError::Pulsar(anyhow!(e)))),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FormattedSink for PulsarSinkWriter {
+    type K = String;
+    type V = Vec<u8>;
+
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_inner(k, v).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SinkWriter for PulsarSinkWriter {
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_append_only {
+            self.append_only(chunk).await
+        } else {
+            self.upsert(chunk).await
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Self::CommitMetadata> {
+        if is_checkpoint {
+            self.commit_inner().await?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/enumerator/client.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/enumerator/client.rs
index e7ec559cf91b8..32362fb156f42 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/enumerator/client.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/enumerator/client.rs
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ impl SplitEnumerator for PulsarSplitEnumerator {
         properties: PulsarProperties,
         _context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
     ) -> Result<PulsarSplitEnumerator> {
-        let pulsar = properties.build_pulsar_client().await?;
-        let topic = properties.topic;
+        let pulsar = properties.common.build_client().await?;
+        let topic = properties.common.topic;
         let parsed_topic = parse_topic(&topic)?;
 
         let mut scan_start_offset = match properties
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
index 1dbcdf2e7bfb7..544d1b7fb3ed3 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/mod.rs
@@ -17,137 +17,32 @@ pub mod source;
 pub mod split;
 pub mod topic;
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::io::Write;
-
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 pub use enumerator::*;
-use pulsar::authentication::oauth2::{OAuth2Authentication, OAuth2Params};
-use pulsar::{Authentication, Pulsar, TokioExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::InvalidParameterValue;
-use risingwave_common::error::RwError;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 pub use split::*;
-use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
-use url::Url;
 
-use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
-use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
+use crate::common::PulsarCommon;
 use crate::source::pulsar::source::reader::PulsarSplitReader;
 use crate::source::SourceProperties;
 
 pub const PULSAR_CONNECTOR: &str = "pulsar";
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
-pub struct PulsarOauth {
-    #[serde(rename = "oauth.issuer.url")]
-    pub issuer_url: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "oauth.credentials.url")]
-    pub credentials_url: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "oauth.audience")]
-    pub audience: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "oauth.scope")]
-    pub scope: Option<String>,
+impl SourceProperties for PulsarProperties {
+    type Split = PulsarSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = PulsarSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = PulsarSplitReader;
 
-    #[serde(flatten)]
-    /// required keys refer to [`crate::aws_utils::AWS_DEFAULT_CONFIG`]
-    pub s3_credentials: HashMap<String, String>,
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = PULSAR_CONNECTOR;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PulsarProperties {
-    #[serde(rename = "topic", alias = "pulsar.topic")]
-    pub topic: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "service.url", alias = "pulsar.service.url")]
-    pub service_url: String,
-
     #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.mode", alias = "pulsar.scan.startup.mode")]
     pub scan_startup_mode: Option<String>,
 
     #[serde(rename = "scan.startup.timestamp_millis", alias = "pulsar.time.offset")]
     pub time_offset: Option<String>,
 
-    #[serde(rename = "auth.token")]
-    pub auth_token: Option<String>,
-
     #[serde(flatten)]
-    pub oauth: Option<PulsarOauth>,
-}
-
-impl SourceProperties for PulsarProperties {
-    type Split = PulsarSplit;
-    type SplitEnumerator = PulsarSplitEnumerator;
-    type SplitReader = PulsarSplitReader;
-
-    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = PULSAR_CONNECTOR;
-}
-
-impl PulsarProperties {
-    pub async fn build_pulsar_client(&self) -> Result<Pulsar<TokioExecutor>> {
-        let mut pulsar_builder = Pulsar::builder(&self.service_url, TokioExecutor);
-        let mut temp_file = None;
-        if let Some(oauth) = &self.oauth {
-            let url = Url::parse(&oauth.credentials_url)?;
-            match url.scheme() {
-                "s3" => {
-                    let credentials = load_file_descriptor_from_s3(
-                        &url,
-                        &AwsAuthProps::from_pairs(
-                            oauth
-                                .s3_credentials
-                                .iter()
-                                .map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v.as_str())),
-                        ),
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                    let mut f = NamedTempFile::new()?;
-                    f.write_all(&credentials)?;
-                    f.as_file().sync_all()?;
-                    temp_file = Some(f);
-                }
-                "file" => {}
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(RwError::from(InvalidParameterValue(String::from(
-                        "invalid credentials_url, only file url and s3 url are supported",
-                    )))
-                    .into());
-                }
-            }
-
-            let auth_params = OAuth2Params {
-                issuer_url: oauth.issuer_url.clone(),
-                credentials_url: if temp_file.is_none() {
-                    oauth.credentials_url.clone()
-                } else {
-                    let mut raw_path = temp_file
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .path()
-                        .to_str()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .to_string();
-                    raw_path.insert_str(0, "file://");
-                    raw_path
-                },
-                audience: Some(oauth.audience.clone()),
-                scope: oauth.scope.clone(),
-            };
-
-            pulsar_builder = pulsar_builder
-                .with_auth_provider(OAuth2Authentication::client_credentials(auth_params));
-        } else if let Some(auth_token) = &self.auth_token {
-            pulsar_builder = pulsar_builder.with_auth(Authentication {
-                name: "token".to_string(),
-                data: Vec::from(auth_token.as_str()),
-            });
-        }
-
-        let res = pulsar_builder.build().await.map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
-        drop(temp_file);
-        Ok(res)
-    }
+    pub common: PulsarCommon,
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
index db6ccfedd726b..85d85a8d18714 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/source/reader.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl SplitReader for PulsarSplitReader {
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(splits.len() == 1, "only support single split");
         let split = splits.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-        let pulsar = props.build_pulsar_client().await?;
+        let pulsar = props.common.build_client().await?;
         let topic = split.topic.to_string();
 
         tracing::debug!("creating consumer for pulsar split topic {}", topic,);

From b715bde58b43f2c8555e7aeaae405d369acd14f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:08:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 109/430] refactor(udf): connect lazily to get rid of
 `block_in_place` (#12413)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs | 4 +---
 src/udf/src/error.rs          | 2 +-
 src/udf/src/external.rs       | 7 +++++++
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index d0ecf58c3af98..b7a03a6611f53 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -164,9 +164,7 @@ pub(crate) fn get_or_create_client(link: &str) -> Result<Arc<ArrowFlightUdfClien
         Ok(client)
     } else {
         // create new client
-        let client = Arc::new(tokio::task::block_in_place(|| {
-            tokio::runtime::Handle::current().block_on(ArrowFlightUdfClient::connect(link))
-        })?);
+        let client = Arc::new(ArrowFlightUdfClient::connect_lazy(link)?);
         clients.insert(link.into(), Arc::downgrade(&client));
         Ok(client)
     }
diff --git a/src/udf/src/error.rs b/src/udf/src/error.rs
index f20816ee5b2c0..98b9faa57171b 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("failed to connect to UDF service: {0}")]
     Connect(#[from] tonic::transport::Error),
 
-    #[error("failed to check UDF: {0}")]
+    #[error("failed to send requests to UDF service: {0}")]
     Tonic(#[from] Box<tonic::Status>),
 
     #[error("failed to call UDF: {0}")]
diff --git a/src/udf/src/external.rs b/src/udf/src/external.rs
index 585adc7ebec5b..d2e6afe71233d 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/external.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/external.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
         Ok(Self { client })
     }
 
+    /// Connect to a UDF service lazily (i.e. only when the first request is sent).
+    pub fn connect_lazy(addr: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let conn = tonic::transport::Endpoint::new(addr.to_string())?.connect_lazy();
+        let client = FlightServiceClient::new(conn);
+        Ok(Self { client })
+    }
+
     /// Check if the function is available and the schema is match.
     pub async fn check(&self, id: &str, args: &Schema, returns: &Schema) -> Result<()> {
         let descriptor = FlightDescriptor::new_path(vec![id.into()]);

From ff50ccbc9f4de4c8eadba0a5a96fe48e439cf025 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:26:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 110/430] refactor(storage): Use TableKey struct in the state
 store interfaces (#11943)

---
 src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs          |   2 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |   2 +-
 src/storage/benches/bench_merge_iter.rs       |   9 +-
 src/storage/clippy.toml                       |  26 +
 src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key.rs            |   7 +
 .../benches/bench_hummock_iter.rs             |   7 +-
 .../src/bin/replay/replay_impl.rs             |  20 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       |  31 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/failpoint_tests.rs       |  27 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/hummock_storage_tests.rs | 358 ++++-------
 .../hummock_test/src/snapshot_tests.rs        |  27 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/state_store_tests.rs     | 236 ++++---
 .../hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs      |  94 ++-
 src/storage/hummock_test/src/test_utils.rs    |  16 +-
 .../compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs        |   2 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/error.rs              |   6 -
 src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/mod.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs     |   8 +-
 .../src/hummock/iterator/merge_inner.rs       |   2 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/mod.rs       |   2 -
 .../src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs        |   6 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs                | 316 +---------
 .../shared_buffer/shared_buffer_batch.rs      |  14 +-
 .../src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs      | 574 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...tate_store.rs => local_hummock_storage.rs} |  54 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/store/mod.rs          |   7 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs      |   7 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs         |  10 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/utils.rs              |  17 +-
 src/storage/src/lib.rs                        |   1 -
 src/storage/src/mem_table.rs                  | 123 ++--
 src/storage/src/memory.rs                     |  70 ++-
 src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_store.rs    |  20 +-
 src/storage/src/monitor/traced_store.rs       |  36 +-
 src/storage/src/panic_store.rs                |  23 +-
 src/storage/src/row_serde/row_serde_util.rs   |   5 +-
 src/storage/src/store.rs                      |  38 +-
 src/storage/src/store_impl.rs                 |  72 ++-
 .../src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs    |  11 +-
 .../common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs   |   3 +-
 .../common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs    |  30 +-
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    |  28 +-
 .../src/compaction_test_runner.rs             |   6 +-
 .../src/delete_range_runner.rs                |  19 +-
 src/tests/compaction_test/src/lib.rs          |   1 +
 45 files changed, 1424 insertions(+), 951 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/storage/clippy.toml
 create mode 100644 src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
 rename src/storage/src/hummock/store/{state_store.rs => local_hummock_storage.rs} (92%)

diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
index 92bb09885f960..7395a0f82273f 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::java_binding::key_range::Bound;
 use risingwave_pb::java_binding::{KeyRange, ReadPlan};
 use risingwave_storage::error::{StorageError, StorageResult};
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::PinnedVersion;
-use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::state_store::HummockStorageIterator;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::version::HummockVersionReader;
+use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::HummockStorageIterator;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::{CachePolicy, FileCache, SstableStore};
 use risingwave_storage::monitor::HummockStateStoreMetrics;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::value_serde::ValueRowSerdeNew;
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 50cab50c92682..2b695f9c045b0 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ impl GrpcMetaClient {
         force_refresh_receiver: Receiver<Sender<Result<()>>>,
         meta_config: MetaConfig,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let core_ref = self.core.clone();
+        let core_ref: Arc<RwLock<GrpcMetaClientCore>> = self.core.clone();
         let current_leader = init_leader_addr;
 
         let enable_period_tick = matches!(members, Either::Right(_));
diff --git a/src/storage/benches/bench_merge_iter.rs b/src/storage/benches/bench_merge_iter.rs
index 295ab2784a7a9..67c2642a86e64 100644
--- a/src/storage/benches/bench_merge_iter.rs
+++ b/src/storage/benches/bench_merge_iter.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use futures::executor::block_on;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::iterator::{
     Forward, HummockIterator, HummockIteratorUnion, OrderedMergeIteratorInner,
     UnorderedMergeIteratorInner,
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@ fn gen_interleave_shared_buffer_batch_iter(
         let mut batch_data = vec![];
         for j in 0..batch_size {
             batch_data.push((
-                Bytes::copy_from_slice(format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes()),
+                TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(
+                    format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes(),
+                )),
                 HummockValue::put(Bytes::copy_from_slice("value".as_bytes())),
             ));
         }
@@ -63,7 +66,9 @@ fn gen_interleave_shared_buffer_batch_enum_iter(
         let mut batch_data = vec![];
         for j in 0..batch_size {
             batch_data.push((
-                Bytes::copy_from_slice(format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes()),
+                TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(
+                    format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes(),
+                )),
                 HummockValue::put(Bytes::copy_from_slice("value".as_bytes())),
             ));
         }
diff --git a/src/storage/clippy.toml b/src/storage/clippy.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e87606a3672d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/storage/clippy.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+disallowed-methods = [
+    { path = "std::iter::Iterator::zip", reason = "Please use `zip_eq_fast` if it's available. Otherwise use `zip_eq_debug`" },
+    { path = "itertools::Itertools::zip_eq", reason = "Please use `zip_eq_fast` if it's available. Otherwise use `zip_eq_debug`" },
+    { path = "futures::stream::select_all", reason = "Please use `risingwave_common::util::select_all` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_common::array::JsonbVal::from_serde", reason = "Please add dedicated methods as part of `JsonbRef`/`JsonbVal`, rather than take inner `serde_json::Value` out, process, and put back." },
+    { path = "std::panic::catch_unwind", reason = "Please use `risingwave_common::util::panic::rw_catch_unwind` instead." },
+    { path = "futures::FutureExt::catch_unwind", reason = "Please use `risingwave_common::util::panic::FutureCatchUnwindExt::rw_catch_unwind` instead." },
+]
+disallowed-macros = [
+    { path = "lazy_static::lazy_static", reason = "Please use `std::sync::LazyLock` instead." },
+]
+doc-valid-idents = [
+    "RisingWave",
+    "MinIO",
+    "ProtoBuf",
+    "BloomFilter",
+    "gRPC",
+    "PostgreSQL",
+    "MySQL",
+    "TopN",
+    "VNode"
+]
+avoid-breaking-exported-api = false
+upper-case-acronyms-aggressive = true
+too-many-arguments-threshold = 10
+ignore-interior-mutability = ["risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key.rs b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key.rs
index f58f32dd9aac9..d635bb4518a4d 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use std::ptr;
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 
 use crate::HummockEpoch;
@@ -411,6 +412,12 @@ impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> TableKey<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl EstimateSize for TableKey<Bytes> {
+    fn estimated_heap_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.estimated_heap_size()
+    }
+}
+
 #[inline]
 pub fn map_table_key_range(range: (Bound<KeyPayloadType>, Bound<KeyPayloadType>)) -> TableKeyRange {
     (range.0.map(TableKey), range.1.map(TableKey))
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/benches/bench_hummock_iter.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/benches/bench_hummock_iter.rs
index 3bd6738f9f9a2..1c6294fc672be 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/benches/bench_hummock_iter.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/benches/bench_hummock_iter.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use futures::{pin_mut, TryStreamExt};
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_hummock_test::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use risingwave_hummock_test::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
 use risingwave_hummock_test::test_utils::TestIngestBatch;
@@ -34,13 +35,15 @@ use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 fn gen_interleave_shared_buffer_batch_iter(
     batch_size: usize,
     batch_count: usize,
-) -> Vec<Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>> {
+) -> Vec<Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>> {
     let mut ret = Vec::new();
     for i in 0..batch_count {
         let mut batch_data = vec![];
         for j in 0..batch_size {
             batch_data.push((
-                Bytes::copy_from_slice(format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes()),
+                TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(
+                    format!("test_key_{:08}", j * batch_count + i).as_bytes(),
+                )),
                 StorageValue::new_put(Bytes::copy_from_slice("value".as_bytes())),
             ));
         }
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/replay_impl.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/replay_impl.rs
index e96855d75f925..84dc71d88599f 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/replay_impl.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/replay_impl.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::{for_await, try_stream};
 use risingwave_common::error::Result as RwResult;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::{Channel, NotificationClient};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use risingwave_hummock_trace::{
     GlobalReplay, LocalReplay, LocalReplayRead, ReplayItem, ReplayRead, ReplayStateStore,
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_meta::manager::{MessageStatus, MetaSrvEnv, NotificationManagerRef
 use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation as RespOperation};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::{SubscribeResponse, SubscribeType};
-use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::state_store::LocalHummockStorage;
+use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::LocalHummockStorage;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::HummockStorage;
 use risingwave_storage::store::{
     LocalStateStore, StateStoreIterItemStream, StateStoreRead, SyncResult,
@@ -107,8 +108,8 @@ impl ReplayRead for GlobalReplayImpl {
         read_options: TracedReadOptions,
     ) -> Result<BoxStream<'static, Result<ReplayItem>>> {
         let key_range = (
-            key_range.0.map(TracedBytes::into),
-            key_range.1.map(TracedBytes::into),
+            key_range.0.map(TracedBytes::into).map(TableKey),
+            key_range.1.map(TracedBytes::into).map(TableKey),
         );
 
         let iter = self
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ impl ReplayRead for GlobalReplayImpl {
     ) -> Result<Option<TracedBytes>> {
         Ok(self
             .store
-            .get(key.into(), epoch, read_options.into())
+            .get(TableKey(key.into()), epoch, read_options.into())
             .await
             .unwrap()
             .map(TracedBytes::from))
@@ -240,7 +241,10 @@ impl LocalReplayRead for LocalReplayImpl {
         key_range: (Bound<TracedBytes>, Bound<TracedBytes>),
         read_options: TracedReadOptions,
     ) -> Result<BoxStream<'static, Result<ReplayItem>>> {
-        let key_range = (key_range.0.map(|b| b.into()), key_range.1.map(|b| b.into()));
+        let key_range = (
+            key_range.0.map(|b| TableKey(b.into())),
+            key_range.1.map(|b| TableKey(b.into())),
+        );
 
         let iter = LocalStateStore::iter(&self.0, key_range, read_options.into())
             .await
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ impl LocalReplayRead for LocalReplayImpl {
         read_options: TracedReadOptions,
     ) -> Result<Option<TracedBytes>> {
         Ok(
-            LocalStateStore::get(&self.0, key.into(), read_options.into())
+            LocalStateStore::get(&self.0, TableKey(key.into()), read_options.into())
                 .await
                 .unwrap()
                 .map(TracedBytes::from),
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ impl ReplayWrite for LocalReplayImpl {
     ) -> Result<()> {
         LocalStateStore::insert(
             &mut self.0,
-            key.into(),
+            TableKey(key.into()),
             new_val.into(),
             old_val.map(|b| b.into()),
         )
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ impl ReplayWrite for LocalReplayImpl {
     }
 
     fn delete(&mut self, key: TracedBytes, old_val: TracedBytes) -> Result<()> {
-        LocalStateStore::delete(&mut self.0, key.into(), old_val.into()).unwrap();
+        LocalStateStore::delete(&mut self.0, TableKey(key.into()), old_val.into()).unwrap();
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index 5864fa9c0a484..dc432b468a0f3 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::NotificationClient;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockVersionExt;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
-    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TableKey, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::to_prost_table_stats_map;
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::{default_level_selector, ManualCompactionOption};
@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             new_val.extend_from_slice(&epoch.to_be_bytes());
             local
                 .ingest_batch(
-                    vec![(key.clone(), StorageValue::new_put(Bytes::from(new_val)))],
+                    vec![(
+                        TableKey(key.clone()),
+                        StorageValue::new_put(Bytes::from(new_val)),
+                    )],
                     vec![],
                     WriteOptions {
                         epoch,
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .pin_snapshot(worker_node2.id)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let key = key.freeze();
+        let key = TableKey(key.freeze());
         const SST_COUNT: u64 = 32;
         const TEST_WATERMARK: u64 = 8;
         prepare_test_put_data(
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 key.clone(),
                 ((TEST_WATERMARK - 1) * 1000) << 16,
                 ReadOptions {
-                    prefix_hint: Some(key.clone()),
+                    prefix_hint: Some(key.clone().0),
                     cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
                     ..Default::default()
                 },
@@ -407,7 +410,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let mut key = BytesMut::default();
         key.put_u16(0);
         key.put_slice(b"same_key");
-        let key = key.freeze();
+        let key = TableKey(key.freeze());
         const SST_COUNT: u64 = 16;
 
         let mut val = b"0"[..].repeat(1 << 20);
@@ -528,7 +531,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 let mut key = idx.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
                 let ramdom_key = rand::thread_rng().gen::<[u8; 32]>();
                 key.extend_from_slice(&ramdom_key);
-                local.insert(Bytes::from(key), val.clone(), None).unwrap();
+                local
+                    .insert(TableKey(Bytes::from(key)), val.clone(), None)
+                    .unwrap();
             }
             local.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
             local.seal_current_epoch(epoch + 1);
@@ -709,7 +714,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             prefix.put_u16(1);
             prefix.put_slice(random_key.as_slice());
 
-            storage.insert(prefix.freeze(), val.clone(), None).unwrap();
+            storage
+                .insert(TableKey(prefix.freeze()), val.clone(), None)
+                .unwrap();
             storage.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
             storage.seal_current_epoch(next_epoch);
             other.seal_current_epoch(next_epoch);
@@ -893,7 +900,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             prefix.put_u16(1);
             prefix.put_slice(random_key.as_slice());
 
-            local.insert(prefix.freeze(), val.clone(), None).unwrap();
+            local
+                .insert(TableKey(prefix.freeze()), val.clone(), None)
+                .unwrap();
             local.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
             local.seal_current_epoch(next_epoch);
 
@@ -1084,7 +1093,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
             let ramdom_key = [key_prefix.as_ref(), &rand::thread_rng().gen::<[u8; 32]>()].concat();
             local
-                .insert(Bytes::from(ramdom_key), val.clone(), None)
+                .insert(TableKey(Bytes::from(ramdom_key)), val.clone(), None)
                 .unwrap();
             local.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
             local.seal_current_epoch(next_epoch);
@@ -1183,8 +1192,8 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             key_prefix.to_vec(),
         ]
         .concat();
-        let start_bound_key = key_prefix;
-        let end_bound_key = Bytes::from(next_key(start_bound_key.as_ref()));
+        let start_bound_key = TableKey(key_prefix);
+        let end_bound_key = TableKey(Bytes::from(next_key(start_bound_key.as_ref())));
         let scan_result = storage
             .scan(
                 (
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/failpoint_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/failpoint_tests.rs
index 83af92d469afe..f71d479c3c55c 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/failpoint_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/failpoint_tests.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes};
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TABLE_PREFIX_LEN;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::setup_compute_env;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use crate::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use crate::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
-use crate::test_utils::TestIngestBatch;
+use crate::test_utils::{gen_key_from_str, TestIngestBatch};
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[ignore]
@@ -62,15 +63,21 @@ async fn test_failpoints_state_store_read_upload() {
 
     let mut local = hummock_storage.new_local(NewLocalOptions::default()).await;
 
-    let anchor = Bytes::from("aa");
+    let anchor = gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa");
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("cc"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
     batch1.sort_by(|(k1, _), (k2, _)| k1.cmp(k2));
 
     let mut batch2 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("cc"), StorageValue::new_put("333")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("333"),
+        ),
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_delete()),
     ];
     // Make sure the batch is sorted.
@@ -162,7 +169,10 @@ async fn test_failpoints_state_store_read_upload() {
     assert!(result.is_err());
     let result = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             2,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: Default::default(),
@@ -181,7 +191,7 @@ async fn test_failpoints_state_store_read_upload() {
     };
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("ee"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee"),
             2,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefix_hint: Some(Bytes::from(bee_prefix_hint)),
@@ -233,7 +243,10 @@ async fn test_failpoints_state_store_read_upload() {
     assert_eq!(value, Bytes::from("111"));
     let iters = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             5,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/hummock_storage_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/hummock_storage_tests.rs
index 4e3d6e1aed919..ce91c109a814b 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/hummock_storage_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/hummock_storage_tests.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{map_table_key_range, FullKey, UserKey, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::store::version::{read_filter_for_batch, read_filter_for_local};
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::CachePolicy;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use risingwave_storage::store::*;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use crate::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
-use crate::test_utils::{prepare_hummock_test_env, TestIngestBatch};
+use crate::test_utils::{gen_key_from_str, prepare_hummock_test_env, TestIngestBatch};
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_storage_basic() {
@@ -40,15 +40,14 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
         .storage
         .new_local(NewLocalOptions::for_test(TEST_TABLE_ID))
         .await;
-
     // First batch inserts the anchor and others.
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("111"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             StorageValue::new_put("222"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -59,11 +58,11 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     // Second batch modifies the anchor.
     let mut batch2 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
             StorageValue::new_put("333"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("111111"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -74,15 +73,15 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     // Third batch deletes the anchor
     let mut batch3 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dd"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dd"),
             StorageValue::new_put("444"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ee"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee"),
             StorageValue::new_put("555"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             StorageValue::new_delete(),
         ),
     ];
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ab"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ab"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             epoch3,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ff"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ff"),
             epoch3,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -242,9 +241,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
         .iter(
             (
                 Unbounded,
-                Included(Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ee"].concat(),
-                )),
+                Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
             ),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
@@ -259,11 +256,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     futures::pin_mut!(iter);
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                 epoch1
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"111"[..])
@@ -272,11 +267,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                 epoch1
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"222"[..])
@@ -289,7 +282,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -307,7 +300,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     let value = test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -326,9 +319,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
         .iter(
             (
                 Unbounded,
-                Included(Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ee"].concat(),
-                )),
+                Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
             ),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
@@ -342,11 +333,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     futures::pin_mut!(iter);
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                 epoch2
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"111111"[..])
@@ -355,11 +344,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                 epoch1
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"222"[..])
@@ -368,11 +355,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                 epoch2
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"333"[..])
@@ -387,9 +372,7 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
         .iter(
             (
                 Unbounded,
-                Included(Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ee"].concat(),
-                )),
+                Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
             ),
             epoch3,
             ReadOptions {
@@ -403,11 +386,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     futures::pin_mut!(iter);
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                 epoch1
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"222"[..])
@@ -416,11 +397,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                 epoch2
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"333"[..])
@@ -429,11 +408,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dd".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dd"),
                 epoch3
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"444"[..])
@@ -442,11 +419,9 @@ async fn test_storage_basic() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         Some((
-            FullKey::for_test(
+            FullKey::new(
                 TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                Bytes::from(
-                    [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"ee".as_slice()].concat()
-                ),
+                gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee"),
                 epoch3
             ),
             Bytes::copy_from_slice(&b"555"[..])
@@ -476,11 +451,11 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
     // ingest 16B batch
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aaaa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aaaa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("1111"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bbbb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bbbb"),
             StorageValue::new_put("2222"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -501,15 +476,15 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
     // ingest 24B batch
     let mut batch2 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cccc"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cccc"),
             StorageValue::new_put("3333"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dddd"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dddd"),
             StorageValue::new_put("4444"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee"),
             StorageValue::new_put("5555"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -531,7 +506,7 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
 
     // ingest more 8B then will trigger a sync behind the scene
     let mut batch3 = vec![(
-        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat()),
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee"),
         StorageValue::new_put("6666"),
     )];
     batch3.sort_by(|(k1, _), (k2, _)| k1.cmp(k2));
@@ -563,26 +538,11 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
 
     {
         let kv_map = [
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aaaa"].concat()),
-                "1111",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bbbb"].concat()),
-                "2222",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cccc"].concat()),
-                "3333",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dddd"].concat()),
-                "4444",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat()),
-                "5555",
-            ),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aaaa"), "1111"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bbbb"), "2222"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cccc"), "3333"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dddd"), "4444"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee"), "5555"),
         ];
 
         for (k, v) in kv_map {
@@ -620,26 +580,11 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
 
     {
         let kv_map = [
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aaaa"].concat()),
-                "1111",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bbbb"].concat()),
-                "2222",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cccc"].concat()),
-                "3333",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dddd"].concat()),
-                "4444",
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat()),
-                "6666",
-            ),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aaaa"), "1111"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bbbb"), "2222"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cccc"), "3333"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dddd"), "4444"),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee"), "6666"),
         ];
 
         for (k, v) in kv_map {
@@ -668,9 +613,7 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
             .iter(
                 (
                     Unbounded,
-                    Included(Bytes::from(
-                        [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat(),
-                    )),
+                    Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee")),
                 ),
                 epoch1,
                 ReadOptions {
@@ -684,38 +627,18 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
         futures::pin_mut!(iter);
 
         let kv_map = [
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aaaa"].concat()),
-                "1111",
-                epoch1,
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bbbb"].concat()),
-                "2222",
-                epoch1,
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cccc"].concat()),
-                "3333",
-                epoch1,
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dddd"].concat()),
-                "4444",
-                epoch1,
-            ),
-            (
-                Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat()),
-                "5555",
-                epoch1,
-            ),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aaaa"), "1111", epoch1),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bbbb"), "2222", epoch1),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cccc"), "3333", epoch1),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dddd"), "4444", epoch1),
+            (gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee"), "5555", epoch1),
         ];
 
         for (k, v, e) in kv_map {
             let result = iter.try_next().await.unwrap();
             assert_eq!(
                 result,
-                Some((FullKey::for_test(TEST_TABLE_ID, k, e), Bytes::from(v)))
+                Some((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, k, e), Bytes::from(v)))
             );
         }
 
@@ -728,9 +651,7 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
             .iter(
                 (
                     Unbounded,
-                    Included(Bytes::from(
-                        [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"eeee"].concat(),
-                    )),
+                    Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "eeee")),
                 ),
                 epoch2,
                 ReadOptions {
@@ -745,11 +666,11 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
         futures::pin_mut!(iter);
 
         let kv_map = [
-            (b"aaaa", "1111", epoch1),
-            (b"bbbb", "2222", epoch1),
-            (b"cccc", "3333", epoch1),
-            (b"dddd", "4444", epoch1),
-            (b"eeee", "6666", epoch2),
+            ("aaaa", "1111", epoch1),
+            ("bbbb", "2222", epoch1),
+            ("cccc", "3333", epoch1),
+            ("dddd", "4444", epoch1),
+            ("eeee", "6666", epoch2),
         ];
 
         for (k, v, e) in kv_map {
@@ -757,13 +678,7 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync() {
             assert_eq!(
                 result,
                 Some((
-                    FullKey::for_test(
-                        TEST_TABLE_ID,
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), k.as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
-                        e
-                    ),
+                    FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, k), e),
                     Bytes::from(v)
                 ))
             );
@@ -791,8 +706,14 @@ async fn test_delete_get() {
 
     hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
     let batch1 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("111"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
     hummock_storage
         .ingest_batch(
@@ -814,7 +735,10 @@ async fn test_delete_get() {
         .unwrap();
     let epoch2 = initial_epoch + 2;
     hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
-    let batch2 = vec![(Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_delete())];
+    let batch2 = vec![(
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+        StorageValue::new_delete(),
+    )];
     hummock_storage
         .ingest_batch(
             batch2,
@@ -836,7 +760,7 @@ async fn test_delete_get() {
     assert!(test_env
         .storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("bb"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefix_hint: None,
@@ -868,8 +792,14 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
     let epoch1 = initial_epoch + 1;
     hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
     let batch1 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("111"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
     hummock_storage
         .ingest_batch(
@@ -885,7 +815,10 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
 
     let epoch2 = initial_epoch + 2;
     hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
-    let batch2 = vec![(Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_delete())];
+    let batch2 = vec![(
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+        StorageValue::new_delete(),
+    )];
     hummock_storage
         .ingest_batch(
             batch2,
@@ -901,8 +834,14 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
     let epoch3 = initial_epoch + 3;
     hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch3);
     let batch3 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("444")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("555")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("444"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("555"),
+        ),
     ];
     hummock_storage
         .ingest_batch(
@@ -921,7 +860,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
             assert_eq!(
                 hummock_storage_clone
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from("bb"),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch1,
                         ReadOptions {
                             table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -936,7 +875,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
             );
             assert!(hummock_storage_clone
                 .get(
-                    Bytes::from("bb"),
+                    gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                     epoch2,
                     ReadOptions {
                         table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -951,7 +890,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync() {
             assert_eq!(
                 hummock_storage_clone
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from("bb"),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch3,
                         ReadOptions {
                             table_id: TEST_TABLE_ID,
@@ -1000,18 +939,15 @@ async fn test_iter_with_min_epoch() {
 
     let epoch1 = (31 * 1000) << 16;
 
-    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> String { format!("\0\0key_{}", index) };
+    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> TableKey<Bytes> {
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, format!("\0\0key_{}", index).as_str())
+    };
 
     let gen_val = |index: usize| -> String { format!("val_{}", index) };
 
     // epoch 1 write
-    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
@@ -1031,13 +967,8 @@ async fn test_iter_with_min_epoch() {
     let epoch2 = (32 * 1000) << 16;
     hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
     // epoch 2 write
-    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     hummock_storage
@@ -1219,40 +1150,27 @@ async fn test_hummock_version_reader() {
 
     let epoch1 = (31 * 1000) << 16;
 
-    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> String { format!("\0\0key_{}", index) };
+    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> TableKey<Bytes> {
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, format!("\0\0key_{}", index).as_str())
+    };
 
     let gen_val = |index: usize| -> String { format!("val_{}", index) };
 
     // epoch 1 write
-    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     let epoch2 = (32 * 1000) << 16;
     // epoch 2 write
-    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     let epoch3 = (33 * 1000) << 16;
     // epoch 3 write
-    let batch_epoch3: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (40..50)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch3: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (40..50)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
     {
         hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
@@ -1565,10 +1483,10 @@ async fn test_hummock_version_reader() {
             }
 
             {
-                let start_key = Bytes::from(gen_key(25));
-                let end_key = Bytes::from(gen_key(50));
+                let start_key = gen_key(25);
+                let end_key = gen_key(50);
 
-                let key_range = map_table_key_range((Included(start_key), Excluded(end_key)));
+                let key_range = (Included(start_key), Excluded(end_key));
 
                 {
                     let read_snapshot = {
@@ -1659,20 +1577,15 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
     let epoch1 = (31 * 1000) << 16;
     hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
 
-    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> Vec<u8> {
-        UserKey::for_test(TEST_TABLE_ID, format!("key_{}", index)).encode()
+    let gen_key = |index: usize| -> TableKey<Bytes> {
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, format!("key_{}", index).as_str())
     };
 
     let gen_val = |index: usize| -> String { format!("val_{}", index) };
 
     // epoch 1 write
-    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch1: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (0..10)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     hummock_storage
@@ -1690,13 +1603,8 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
     let epoch2 = (32 * 1000) << 16;
     hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
     // epoch 2 write
-    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
-        .map(|index| {
-            (
-                Bytes::from(gen_key(index)),
-                StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index)),
-            )
-        })
+    let batch_epoch2: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> = (20..30)
+        .map(|index| (gen_key(index), StorageValue::new_put(gen_val(index))))
         .collect();
 
     hummock_storage
@@ -1713,7 +1621,7 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
 
     {
         // test before sync
-        let k = Bytes::from(gen_key(0));
+        let k = gen_key(0);
         let prefix_hint = {
             let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(TABLE_PREFIX_LEN + k.len());
             ret.put_u32(TEST_TABLE_ID.table_id());
@@ -1811,7 +1719,7 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
         .unwrap();
 
     test_env.storage.try_wait_epoch_for_test(epoch2).await;
-    let k = Bytes::from(gen_key(0));
+    let k = gen_key(0);
     let prefix_hint = {
         let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(TABLE_PREFIX_LEN + k.len());
         ret.put_u32(TEST_TABLE_ID.table_id());
@@ -1857,7 +1765,7 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
     }
 
     {
-        let k = Bytes::from(gen_key(0));
+        let k = gen_key(0);
         let v = test_env
             .storage
             .get(
@@ -1876,7 +1784,7 @@ async fn test_get_with_min_epoch() {
     }
 
     {
-        let k = Bytes::from(gen_key(0));
+        let k = gen_key(0);
         let v = test_env
             .storage
             .get(
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/snapshot_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/snapshot_tests.rs
index 3870dae070903..ebc8b52358b8e 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/snapshot_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/snapshot_tests.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{map_table_key_range, TableKey};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::MockHummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ macro_rules! assert_count_range_scan {
         );
         let it = $storage
             .iter(
-                bounds,
+                map_table_key_range(bounds),
                 $epoch,
                 ReadOptions {
                     prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ async fn test_snapshot_inner(
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             vec![
-                (Bytes::from("1"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
-                (Bytes::from("2"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("1")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("2")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
             ],
             vec![],
             WriteOptions {
@@ -145,9 +146,9 @@ async fn test_snapshot_inner(
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             vec![
-                (Bytes::from("1"), StorageValue::new_delete()),
-                (Bytes::from("3"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
-                (Bytes::from("4"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("1")), StorageValue::new_delete()),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("3")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("4")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
             ],
             vec![],
             WriteOptions {
@@ -182,9 +183,9 @@ async fn test_snapshot_inner(
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             vec![
-                (Bytes::from("2"), StorageValue::new_delete()),
-                (Bytes::from("3"), StorageValue::new_delete()),
-                (Bytes::from("4"), StorageValue::new_delete()),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("2")), StorageValue::new_delete()),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("3")), StorageValue::new_delete()),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("4")), StorageValue::new_delete()),
             ],
             vec![],
             WriteOptions {
@@ -232,10 +233,10 @@ async fn test_snapshot_range_scan_inner(
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             vec![
-                (Bytes::from("1"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
-                (Bytes::from("2"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
-                (Bytes::from("3"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
-                (Bytes::from("4"), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("1")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("2")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("3")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
+                (TableKey(Bytes::from("4")), StorageValue::new_put("test")),
             ],
             vec![],
             WriteOptions {
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/state_store_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/state_store_tests.rs
index bc68da1f9d298..3b9752c6c6fe4 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/state_store_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/state_store_tests.rs
@@ -38,14 +38,16 @@ use risingwave_storage::store::*;
 
 use crate::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use crate::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
-use crate::test_utils::{with_hummock_storage_v2, HummockStateStoreTestTrait, TestIngestBatch};
+use crate::test_utils::{
+    gen_key_from_str, with_hummock_storage_v2, HummockStateStoreTestTrait, TestIngestBatch,
+};
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_empty_read_v2() {
     let (hummock_storage, _meta_client) = with_hummock_storage_v2(Default::default()).await;
     assert!(hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("test_key"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "test_key"),
             u64::MAX,
             ReadOptions {
                 table_id: TableId { table_id: 2333 },
@@ -82,12 +84,15 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     hummock_storage: impl HummockStateStoreTestTrait,
     meta_client: Arc<MockHummockMetaClient>,
 ) {
-    let anchor = Bytes::from("aa");
+    let anchor = gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa");
 
     // First batch inserts the anchor and others.
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
 
     // Make sure the batch is sorted.
@@ -95,7 +100,10 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
 
     // Second batch modifies the anchor.
     let mut batch2 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("cc"), StorageValue::new_put("333")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("333"),
+        ),
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_put("111111")),
     ];
 
@@ -104,8 +112,14 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
 
     // Third batch deletes the anchor
     let mut batch3 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("dd"), StorageValue::new_put("444")),
-        (Bytes::from("ee"), StorageValue::new_put("555")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dd"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("444"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("555"),
+        ),
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_delete()),
     ];
 
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     assert_eq!(value, Bytes::from("111"));
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("bb"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     // Test looking for a nonexistent key. `next()` would return the next key.
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("ab"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ab"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -255,7 +269,7 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     // Get non-existent maximum key.
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("ff"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ff"),
             epoch3,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -269,7 +283,10 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     // Write aa bb
     let iter = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -313,7 +330,10 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     // Update aa, write cc
     let iter = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
@@ -329,7 +349,10 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     // Delete aa, write dd,ee
     let iter = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             epoch3,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
@@ -353,7 +376,7 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
         .unwrap();
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("bb"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -366,7 +389,7 @@ async fn test_basic_inner(
     assert_eq!(value, Bytes::from("222"));
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("dd"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dd"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -392,8 +415,14 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync_inner(
 
     // ingest 16B batch
     let mut batch1 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("\0\0aaaa"), StorageValue::new_put("1111")),
-        (Bytes::from("\0\0bbbb"), StorageValue::new_put("2222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0aaaa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("1111"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0bbbb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("2222"),
+        ),
     ];
 
     // Make sure the batch is sorted.
@@ -418,15 +447,15 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync_inner(
     // ingest 24B batch
     let mut batch2 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"\0\0cccc"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0cccc"),
             StorageValue::new_put("3333"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"\0\0dddd"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0dddd"),
             StorageValue::new_put("4444"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"\0\0eeee"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0eeee"),
             StorageValue::new_put("5555"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -457,7 +486,7 @@ async fn test_state_store_sync_inner(
 
     // ingest more 8B then will trigger a sync behind the scene
     let mut batch3 = vec![(
-        Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"\0\0eeee"),
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "\0\0eeee"),
         StorageValue::new_put("5555"),
     )];
     batch3.sort_by(|(k1, _), (k2, _)| k1.cmp(k2));
@@ -504,12 +533,15 @@ async fn test_reload_storage() {
     let (env, hummock_manager_ref, _cluster_manager_ref, worker_node) =
         setup_compute_env(8080).await;
     let (hummock_storage, meta_client) = with_hummock_storage_v2(Default::default()).await;
-    let anchor = Bytes::from("aa");
+    let anchor = gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa");
 
     // First batch inserts the anchor and others.
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
 
     // Make sure the batch is sorted.
@@ -517,7 +549,10 @@ async fn test_reload_storage() {
 
     // Second batch modifies the anchor.
     let mut batch2 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("cc"), StorageValue::new_put("333")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("333"),
+        ),
         (anchor.clone(), StorageValue::new_put("111111")),
     ];
 
@@ -570,7 +605,7 @@ async fn test_reload_storage() {
     // Test looking for a nonexistent key. `next()` would return the next key.
     let value = hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("ab"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ab"),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -614,7 +649,10 @@ async fn test_reload_storage() {
     // Write aa bb
     let iter = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             epoch1,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
@@ -659,7 +697,10 @@ async fn test_reload_storage() {
     // Update aa, write cc
     let iter = hummock_storage
         .iter(
-            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(Bytes::from("ee"))),
+            (
+                Bound::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "ee")),
+            ),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
@@ -695,7 +736,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
                 "111".as_bytes(),
                 hummock_storage
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                         epoch,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -710,7 +751,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
                 "222".as_bytes(),
                 hummock_storage
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -725,7 +766,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
                 "333".as_bytes(),
                 hummock_storage
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat()),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                         epoch,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -740,12 +781,8 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             let iter = hummock_storage
                 .iter(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat(),
-                        )),
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat(),
-                        )),
+                        Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa")),
+                        Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc")),
                     ),
                     epoch,
                     ReadOptions {
@@ -758,11 +795,9 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             futures::pin_mut!(iter);
             assert_eq!(
                 (
-                    FullKey::for_test(
+                    FullKey::new(
                         TableId::default(),
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa".as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                         epoch
                     ),
                     Bytes::from("111")
@@ -771,11 +806,9 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 (
-                    FullKey::for_test(
+                    FullKey::new(
                         TableId::default(),
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb".as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch
                     ),
                     Bytes::from("222")
@@ -784,11 +817,9 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 (
-                    FullKey::for_test(
+                    FullKey::new(
                         TableId::default(),
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc".as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                         epoch
                     ),
                     Bytes::from("333")
@@ -801,15 +832,15 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
 
     let batch1 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("111"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             StorageValue::new_put("222"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
             StorageValue::new_put("333"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -838,7 +869,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
                 "111_new".as_bytes(),
                 hummock_storage
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                         epoch,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -852,7 +883,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
 
             assert!(hummock_storage
                 .get(
-                    Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+                    gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                     epoch,
                     ReadOptions {
                         cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -866,7 +897,7 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
                 "333".as_bytes(),
                 hummock_storage
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat()),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                         epoch,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -880,12 +911,8 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             let iter = hummock_storage
                 .iter(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat(),
-                        )),
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc"].concat(),
-                        )),
+                        Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa")),
+                        Bound::Included(gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc")),
                     ),
                     epoch,
                     ReadOptions {
@@ -898,11 +925,9 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             futures::pin_mut!(iter);
             assert_eq!(
                 (
-                    FullKey::for_test(
+                    FullKey::new(
                         TableId::default(),
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa".as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
                         epoch
                     ),
                     Bytes::from("111_new")
@@ -911,11 +936,9 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 (
-                    FullKey::for_test(
+                    FullKey::new(
                         TableId::default(),
-                        Bytes::from(
-                            [VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cc".as_slice()].concat()
-                        ),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cc"),
                         epoch
                     ),
                     Bytes::from("333")
@@ -929,11 +952,11 @@ async fn test_write_anytime_inner(
     // Update aa, delete bb, cc unchanged
     let batch2 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("111_new"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             StorageValue::new_delete(),
         ),
     ];
@@ -1006,8 +1029,14 @@ async fn test_delete_get_inner(
     let initial_epoch = hummock_storage.get_pinned_version().max_committed_epoch();
     let epoch1 = initial_epoch + 1;
     let batch1 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("111"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
     let mut local = hummock_storage.new_local(NewLocalOptions::default()).await;
     local.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
@@ -1031,7 +1060,10 @@ async fn test_delete_get_inner(
     let epoch2 = initial_epoch + 2;
 
     local.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
-    let batch2 = vec![(Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_delete())];
+    let batch2 = vec![(
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+        StorageValue::new_delete(),
+    )];
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             batch2,
@@ -1056,7 +1088,7 @@ async fn test_delete_get_inner(
         .unwrap();
     assert!(hummock_storage
         .get(
-            Bytes::from("bb"),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
             epoch2,
             ReadOptions {
                 cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -1081,8 +1113,14 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
     let initial_epoch = hummock_storage.get_pinned_version().max_committed_epoch();
     let epoch1 = initial_epoch + 1;
     let batch1 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("111")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("222")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("111"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("222"),
+        ),
     ];
 
     let mut local = hummock_storage.new_local(NewLocalOptions::default()).await;
@@ -1101,7 +1139,10 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
 
     let epoch2 = initial_epoch + 2;
     local.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
-    let batch2 = vec![(Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_delete())];
+    let batch2 = vec![(
+        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+        StorageValue::new_delete(),
+    )];
     local
         .ingest_batch(
             batch2,
@@ -1116,8 +1157,14 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
 
     let epoch3 = initial_epoch + 3;
     let batch3 = vec![
-        (Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("444")),
-        (Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("555")),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("444"),
+        ),
+        (
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            StorageValue::new_put("555"),
+        ),
     ];
     local.seal_current_epoch(epoch3);
     local
@@ -1138,7 +1185,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
             assert_eq!(
                 hummock_storage_clone
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from("bb"),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch1,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -1152,7 +1199,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
             );
             assert!(hummock_storage_clone
                 .get(
-                    Bytes::from("bb"),
+                    gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                     epoch2,
                     ReadOptions {
                         cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -1165,7 +1212,7 @@ async fn test_multiple_epoch_sync_inner(
             assert_eq!(
                 hummock_storage_clone
                     .get(
-                        Bytes::from("bb"),
+                        gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
                         epoch3,
                         ReadOptions {
                             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -1220,10 +1267,18 @@ async fn test_gc_watermark_and_clear_shared_buffer() {
     let epoch1 = initial_epoch + 1;
     local_hummock_storage.init_for_test(epoch1).await.unwrap();
     local_hummock_storage
-        .insert(Bytes::from("aa"), Bytes::from("111"), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aa"),
+            Bytes::from("111"),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local_hummock_storage
-        .insert(Bytes::from("bb"), Bytes::from("222"), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            Bytes::from("222"),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local_hummock_storage.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -1237,7 +1292,10 @@ async fn test_gc_watermark_and_clear_shared_buffer() {
     let epoch2 = initial_epoch + 2;
     local_hummock_storage.seal_current_epoch(epoch2);
     local_hummock_storage
-        .delete(Bytes::from("bb"), Bytes::from("222"))
+        .delete(
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bb"),
+            Bytes::from("222"),
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local_hummock_storage.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -1343,11 +1401,11 @@ async fn test_replicated_local_hummock_storage() {
     // ingest 16B batch
     let mut batch1 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"aaaa"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "aaaa"),
             StorageValue::new_put("1111"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"bbbb"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "bbbb"),
             StorageValue::new_put("2222"),
         ),
     ];
@@ -1414,11 +1472,11 @@ async fn test_replicated_local_hummock_storage() {
     // ingest 16B batch
     let mut batch2 = vec![
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"cccc"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "cccc"),
             StorageValue::new_put("3333"),
         ),
         (
-            Bytes::from([VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), b"dddd"].concat()),
+            gen_key_from_str(VirtualNode::ZERO, "dddd"),
             StorageValue::new_put("4444"),
         ),
     ];
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
index 7194dd2d963ea..d28db261785c0 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::hummock::CompactionFilterFlag;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockVersionExt;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, user_key};
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::compact;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::CompactorContext;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::{CachePolicy, GetObjectId, SstableObjectIdManager};
-use risingwave_storage::store::{LocalStateStore, NewLocalOptions, ReadOptions};
+use risingwave_storage::store::{LocalStateStore, NewLocalOptions, ReadOptions, StateStoreRead};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use serial_test::serial;
 
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ use super::compactor_tests::tests::{
 };
 use crate::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use crate::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
+use crate::test_utils::gen_key_from_bytes;
 
 #[tokio::test]
 #[cfg(feature = "sync_point")]
@@ -308,25 +310,37 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     let val1 = Bytes::from(b"1"[..].repeat(1 << 10)); // 1024 Byte value
 
     local.init_for_test(100).await.unwrap();
-    let mut start_key = b"\0\0aaa".to_vec();
+    let mut start_key = b"aaa".to_vec();
     for _ in 0..10 {
         local
             .insert(
-                Bytes::copy_from_slice(start_key.as_slice()),
+                gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, start_key.as_slice()),
                 val0.clone(),
                 None,
             )
             .unwrap();
-        start_key = next_key(&start_key);
+        start_key = next_key(start_key.as_slice());
     }
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0ggg".as_slice()), val0.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"ggg"),
+            val0.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0hhh".as_slice()), val0.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"hhh"),
+            val0.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0kkk".as_slice()), val0.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"kkk"),
+            val0.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
     local.seal_current_epoch(101);
@@ -339,10 +353,18 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     .await;
 
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0aaa".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"aaa"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0bbb".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"bbb"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
         .flush(vec![(
@@ -361,10 +383,18 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     .await;
 
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0hhh".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"hhh"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0iii".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"iii"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
         .flush(vec![(
@@ -384,10 +414,18 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     .await;
 
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0lll".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"lll"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local
-        .insert(Bytes::from(b"\0\0mmm".as_slice()), val1.clone(), None)
+        .insert(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"mmm"),
+            val1.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .unwrap();
     local.flush(Vec::new()).await.unwrap();
     local.seal_current_epoch(u64::MAX);
@@ -424,22 +462,38 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     let get_result = storage
-        .get(Bytes::from("\0\0hhh"), 120, read_options.clone())
+        .get(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"hhh"),
+            120,
+            read_options.clone(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(get_result.unwrap(), val1);
     let get_result = storage
-        .get(Bytes::from("\0\0ggg"), 120, read_options.clone())
+        .get(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"ggg"),
+            120,
+            read_options.clone(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert!(get_result.is_none());
     let get_result = storage
-        .get(Bytes::from("\0\0aaa"), 120, read_options.clone())
+        .get(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"aaa"),
+            120,
+            read_options.clone(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(get_result.unwrap(), val1);
     let get_result = storage
-        .get(Bytes::from("\0\0aab"), 120, read_options.clone())
+        .get(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"aab"),
+            120,
+            read_options.clone(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(get_result.unwrap(), val0);
@@ -452,7 +506,11 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
         }
     });
     let get_result = storage
-        .get(Bytes::from("\0\0kkk"), 120, read_options.clone())
+        .get(
+            gen_key_from_bytes(VirtualNode::ZERO, b"kkk"),
+            120,
+            read_options.clone(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(get_result.unwrap(), val0);
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/test_utils.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/test_utils.rs
index d69c835930aa2..cd713e3977777 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::ObserverManager;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::{
     register_table_ids_to_compaction_group, setup_compute_env,
 };
@@ -48,6 +50,16 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedReceiver, UnboundedSender};
 
 use crate::mock_notification_client::get_notification_client_for_test;
 
+pub fn gen_key_from_bytes(vnode: VirtualNode, payload: &[u8]) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
+    TableKey(Bytes::from(
+        [vnode.to_be_bytes().as_slice(), payload].concat(),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub fn gen_key_from_str(vnode: VirtualNode, payload: &str) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
+    gen_key_from_bytes(vnode, payload.as_bytes())
+}
+
 pub async fn prepare_first_valid_version(
     env: MetaSrvEnv,
     hummock_manager_ref: HummockManagerRef,
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ pub async fn prepare_first_valid_version(
 pub trait TestIngestBatch: LocalStateStore {
     async fn ingest_batch(
         &mut self,
-        kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize>;
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ pub trait TestIngestBatch: LocalStateStore {
 impl<S: LocalStateStore> TestIngestBatch for S {
     async fn ingest_batch(
         &mut self,
-        kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
index bcbaa19e2c3b1..0eca74f1dcaba 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ use crate::hummock::shared_buffer::shared_buffer_batch::{
     SharedBufferBatch, SharedBufferBatchInner, SharedBufferVersionedEntry,
 };
 use crate::hummock::sstable::CompactionDeleteRangesBuilder;
-use crate::hummock::store::memtable::ImmutableMemtable;
 use crate::hummock::utils::MemoryTracker;
 use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
 use crate::hummock::{
@@ -49,6 +48,7 @@ use crate::hummock::{
     CompactionDeleteRanges, GetObjectId, HummockError, HummockResult, SstableBuilderOptions,
     SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
 };
+use crate::mem_table::ImmutableMemtable;
 
 const GC_DELETE_KEYS_FOR_FLUSH: bool = false;
 const GC_WATERMARK_FOR_FLUSH: u64 = 0;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/error.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/error.rs
index efd25c8076383..3243beb0cdcda 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/error.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/error.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ enum HummockErrorInner {
     ObjectIoError(Box<ObjectError>),
     #[error("Meta error {0}.")]
     MetaError(String),
-    #[error("Invalid WriteBatch.")]
-    InvalidWriteBatch,
     #[error("SharedBuffer error {0}.")]
     SharedBufferError(String),
     #[error("Wait epoch error {0}.")]
@@ -105,10 +103,6 @@ impl HummockError {
         HummockErrorInner::MetaError(error.to_string()).into()
     }
 
-    pub fn invalid_write_batch() -> HummockError {
-        HummockErrorInner::InvalidWriteBatch.into()
-    }
-
     pub fn shared_buffer_error(error: impl ToString) -> HummockError {
         HummockErrorInner::SharedBufferError(error.to_string()).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/mod.rs
index 7b9bfd09835cd..4a80ff1a51033 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/mod.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::version_update_payload;
 use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};
 
 use crate::hummock::shared_buffer::shared_buffer_batch::SharedBufferBatch;
-use crate::hummock::store::memtable::ImmutableMemtable;
 use crate::hummock::HummockResult;
+use crate::mem_table::ImmutableMemtable;
 use crate::store::SyncResult;
 
 pub mod hummock_event_handler;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
index f57ac33bfe6a2..995a9d181e2f5 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ use crate::hummock::compactor::{merge_imms_in_memory, CompactionExecutor};
 use crate::hummock::event_handler::hummock_event_handler::BufferTracker;
 use crate::hummock::event_handler::LocalInstanceId;
 use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::PinnedVersion;
-use crate::hummock::store::memtable::{ImmId, ImmutableMemtable};
 use crate::hummock::store::version::StagingSstableInfo;
 use crate::hummock::utils::MemoryTracker;
-use crate::hummock::{HummockError, HummockResult};
+use crate::hummock::{HummockError, HummockResult, ImmutableMemtable};
+use crate::mem_table::ImmId;
 use crate::monitor::HummockStateStoreMetrics;
 use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
 
@@ -1044,9 +1044,9 @@ mod tests {
     };
     use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::PinnedVersion;
     use crate::hummock::shared_buffer::shared_buffer_batch::SharedBufferBatch;
-    use crate::hummock::store::memtable::{ImmId, ImmutableMemtable};
     use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
     use crate::hummock::{HummockError, HummockResult, MemoryLimiter};
+    use crate::mem_table::{ImmId, ImmutableMemtable};
     use crate::monitor::HummockStateStoreMetrics;
     use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
     use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ mod tests {
         limiter: Option<&MemoryLimiter>,
     ) -> ImmutableMemtable {
         let sorted_items = SharedBufferBatch::build_shared_buffer_item_batches(vec![(
-            Bytes::from(dummy_table_key()),
+            TableKey(Bytes::from(dummy_table_key())),
             StorageValue::new_delete(),
         )]);
         let size = SharedBufferBatch::measure_batch_size(&sorted_items);
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/merge_inner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/merge_inner.rs
index cf92df72abcdf..8a4e29ae58633 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/merge_inner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/merge_inner.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl<I: HummockIterator> OrderedMergeIteratorInner<I> {
 
 impl OrderedMergeIteratorInner<SharedBufferBatchIterator<Forward>> {
     /// Used in `merge_imms_in_memory` to merge immutable memtables.
-    pub fn current_item(&self) -> (Bytes, (HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)) {
+    pub fn current_item(&self) -> (TableKey<Bytes>, (HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)) {
         let item = self
             .heap
             .peek()
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/mod.rs
index d1e61a8621b57..2a20039eecba8 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/mod.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ pub trait HummockIterator: Send + 'static {
     ///
     /// # Panics
     /// This function will panic if the iterator is invalid.
-    // TODO: Add lifetime
     fn key(&self) -> FullKey<&[u8]>;
 
     /// Retrieves the current value, decoded as [`HummockValue`].
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@ pub trait HummockIterator: Send + 'static {
     /// # Panics
     /// This function will panic if the iterator is invalid, or the value cannot be decoded into
     /// [`HummockValue`].
-    // TODO: Add lifetime
     fn value(&self) -> HummockValue<&[u8]>;
 
     /// Indicates whether the iterator can be used.
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
index 175079da96ce4..a11e46e879dda 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, UserKey};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, UserKey};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockSstableObjectId};
 use risingwave_object_store::object::{
     InMemObjectStore, ObjectStore, ObjectStoreImpl, ObjectStoreRef,
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ pub fn iterator_test_value_of(idx: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
 
 pub fn transform_shared_buffer(
     batches: Vec<(Vec<u8>, HummockValue<Bytes>)>,
-) -> Vec<(Bytes, HummockValue<Bytes>)> {
+) -> Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, HummockValue<Bytes>)> {
     batches
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|(k, v)| (k.into(), v))
+        .map(|(k, v)| (TableKey(k.into()), v))
         .collect_vec()
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
index 0e93eeff782bc..5634fbd56086a 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
@@ -14,29 +14,17 @@
 
 //! Hummock is the state store of the streaming system.
 
-use std::ops::{Bound, Deref};
-use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
+use std::ops::Bound;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
 
-use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, UserKeyRangeRef};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, *};
-#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::{version_update_payload, SstableInfo};
-use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
-use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedSender};
-use tracing::log::error;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::SstableInfo;
 
 mod block_cache;
 pub use block_cache::*;
 
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager;
-use crate::hummock::store::state_store::LocalHummockStorage;
-use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
-
 mod file_cache;
 pub use file_cache::*;
 
@@ -50,7 +38,6 @@ pub mod hummock_meta_client;
 pub mod iterator;
 pub mod shared_buffer;
 pub mod sstable_store;
-mod state_store;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
 pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod utils;
@@ -60,6 +47,7 @@ pub mod event_handler;
 pub mod local_version;
 pub mod observer_manager;
 pub mod store;
+pub use store::*;
 pub mod vacuum;
 mod validator;
 pub mod value;
@@ -67,306 +55,14 @@ pub mod write_limiter;
 
 pub use error::*;
 pub use risingwave_common::cache::{CacheableEntry, LookupResult, LruCache};
-use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::{NotificationClient, ObserverManager};
 pub use validator::*;
 use value::*;
 
-use self::event_handler::refiller::CacheRefillConfig;
-use self::event_handler::ReadVersionMappingType;
 use self::iterator::HummockIterator;
 pub use self::sstable_store::*;
-use super::monitor::HummockStateStoreMetrics;
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorManager;
-use crate::hummock::backup_reader::{BackupReader, BackupReaderRef};
-use crate::hummock::compactor::CompactorContext;
-use crate::hummock::event_handler::hummock_event_handler::BufferTracker;
-use crate::hummock::event_handler::{HummockEvent, HummockEventHandler};
-use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::{start_pinned_version_worker, PinnedVersion};
-use crate::hummock::observer_manager::HummockObserverNode;
-use crate::hummock::store::memtable::ImmutableMemtable;
-use crate::hummock::store::version::HummockVersionReader;
-use crate::hummock::write_limiter::{WriteLimiter, WriteLimiterRef};
-use crate::monitor::{CompactorMetrics, StoreLocalStatistic};
-use crate::store::{NewLocalOptions, ReadOptions};
-
-struct HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
-    shutdown_sender: UnboundedSender<HummockEvent>,
-}
-
-impl Drop for HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let _ = self
-            .shutdown_sender
-            .send(HummockEvent::Shutdown)
-            .inspect_err(|e| error!("unable to send shutdown: {:?}", e));
-    }
-}
-
-/// Hummock is the state store backend.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct HummockStorage {
-    hummock_event_sender: UnboundedSender<HummockEvent>,
-
-    context: CompactorContext,
-
-    sstable_object_id_manager: SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
-
-    buffer_tracker: BufferTracker,
-
-    version_update_notifier_tx: Arc<tokio::sync::watch::Sender<HummockEpoch>>,
-
-    seal_epoch: Arc<AtomicU64>,
-
-    pinned_version: Arc<ArcSwap<PinnedVersion>>,
-
-    hummock_version_reader: HummockVersionReader,
-
-    _shutdown_guard: Arc<HummockStorageShutdownGuard>,
-
-    read_version_mapping: Arc<ReadVersionMappingType>,
-
-    backup_reader: BackupReaderRef,
-
-    /// current_epoch < min_current_epoch cannot be read.
-    min_current_epoch: Arc<AtomicU64>,
-
-    write_limiter: WriteLimiterRef,
-}
-
-impl HummockStorage {
-    /// Creates a [`HummockStorage`].
-    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    pub async fn new(
-        options: Arc<StorageOpts>,
-        sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
-        hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
-        notification_client: impl NotificationClient,
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: Arc<RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager>,
-        state_store_metrics: Arc<HummockStateStoreMetrics>,
-        compactor_metrics: Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
-    ) -> HummockResult<Self> {
-        let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
-            hummock_meta_client.clone(),
-            options.sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
-        ));
-        let backup_reader = BackupReader::new(
-            &options.backup_storage_url,
-            &options.backup_storage_directory,
-        )
-        .await
-        .map_err(HummockError::read_backup_error)?;
-        let write_limiter = Arc::new(WriteLimiter::default());
-        let (event_tx, mut event_rx) = unbounded_channel();
-
-        let observer_manager = ObserverManager::new(
-            notification_client,
-            HummockObserverNode::new(
-                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
-                backup_reader.clone(),
-                event_tx.clone(),
-                write_limiter.clone(),
-            ),
-        )
-        .await;
-        observer_manager.start().await;
-
-        let hummock_version = match event_rx.recv().await {
-            Some(HummockEvent::VersionUpdate(version_update_payload::Payload::PinnedVersion(version))) => version,
-            _ => unreachable!("the hummock observer manager is the first one to take the event tx. Should be full hummock version")
-        };
-
-        let (pin_version_tx, pin_version_rx) = unbounded_channel();
-        let pinned_version = PinnedVersion::new(hummock_version, pin_version_tx);
-        tokio::spawn(start_pinned_version_worker(
-            pin_version_rx,
-            hummock_meta_client.clone(),
-        ));
-
-        let compactor_context = CompactorContext::new_local_compact_context(
-            options.clone(),
-            sstable_store.clone(),
-            compactor_metrics.clone(),
-            FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
-                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
-            ),
-        );
-
-        let seal_epoch = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(pinned_version.max_committed_epoch()));
-        let min_current_epoch = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(pinned_version.max_committed_epoch()));
-        let hummock_event_handler = HummockEventHandler::new(
-            event_tx.clone(),
-            event_rx,
-            pinned_version,
-            compactor_context.clone(),
-            sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
-            state_store_metrics.clone(),
-            CacheRefillConfig {
-                timeout: Duration::from_millis(options.cache_refill_timeout_ms),
-                data_refill_levels: options
-                    .cache_refill_data_refill_levels
-                    .iter()
-                    .copied()
-                    .collect(),
-                concurrency: options.cache_refill_concurrency,
-            },
-        );
-
-        let instance = Self {
-            context: compactor_context,
-            sstable_object_id_manager,
-            buffer_tracker: hummock_event_handler.buffer_tracker().clone(),
-            version_update_notifier_tx: hummock_event_handler.version_update_notifier_tx(),
-            seal_epoch,
-            hummock_event_sender: event_tx.clone(),
-            pinned_version: hummock_event_handler.pinned_version(),
-            hummock_version_reader: HummockVersionReader::new(
-                sstable_store,
-                state_store_metrics.clone(),
-            ),
-            _shutdown_guard: Arc::new(HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
-                shutdown_sender: event_tx,
-            }),
-            read_version_mapping: hummock_event_handler.read_version_mapping(),
-            backup_reader,
-            min_current_epoch,
-            write_limiter,
-        };
-
-        tokio::spawn(hummock_event_handler.start_hummock_event_handler_worker());
-
-        Ok(instance)
-    }
-
-    async fn new_local_inner(&self, option: NewLocalOptions) -> LocalHummockStorage {
-        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        self.hummock_event_sender
-            .send(HummockEvent::RegisterReadVersion {
-                table_id: option.table_id,
-                new_read_version_sender: tx,
-                is_replicated: option.is_replicated,
-            })
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let (basic_read_version, instance_guard) = rx.await.unwrap();
-        let version_update_notifier_tx = self.version_update_notifier_tx.clone();
-        LocalHummockStorage::new(
-            instance_guard,
-            basic_read_version,
-            self.hummock_version_reader.clone(),
-            self.hummock_event_sender.clone(),
-            self.buffer_tracker.get_memory_limiter().clone(),
-            self.write_limiter.clone(),
-            option,
-            version_update_notifier_tx,
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn sstable_store(&self) -> SstableStoreRef {
-        self.context.sstable_store.clone()
-    }
-
-    pub fn sstable_object_id_manager(&self) -> &SstableObjectIdManagerRef {
-        &self.sstable_object_id_manager
-    }
-
-    pub fn filter_key_extractor_manager(&self) -> &FilterKeyExtractorManager {
-        &self.context.filter_key_extractor_manager
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_memory_limiter(&self) -> Arc<MemoryLimiter> {
-        self.buffer_tracker.get_memory_limiter().clone()
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_pinned_version(&self) -> PinnedVersion {
-        self.pinned_version.load().deref().deref().clone()
-    }
-
-    pub fn backup_reader(&self) -> BackupReaderRef {
-        self.backup_reader.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
-impl HummockStorage {
-    /// Used in the compaction test tool
-    pub async fn update_version_and_wait(&self, version: HummockVersion) {
-        use tokio::task::yield_now;
-        let version_id = version.id;
-        self.hummock_event_sender
-            .send(HummockEvent::VersionUpdate(
-                version_update_payload::Payload::PinnedVersion(version),
-            ))
-            .unwrap();
-        loop {
-            if self.pinned_version.load().id() >= version_id {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            yield_now().await
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn wait_version(&self, version: HummockVersion) {
-        use tokio::task::yield_now;
-        loop {
-            if self.pinned_version.load().id() >= version.id {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            yield_now().await
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_shared_buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.buffer_tracker.get_buffer_size()
-    }
-
-    pub async fn try_wait_epoch_for_test(&self, wait_epoch: u64) {
-        let mut rx = self.version_update_notifier_tx.subscribe();
-        while *(rx.borrow_and_update()) < wait_epoch {
-            rx.changed().await.unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a [`HummockStorage`] with default stats. Should only be used by tests.
-    pub async fn for_test(
-        options: Arc<StorageOpts>,
-        sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
-        hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
-        notification_client: impl NotificationClient,
-    ) -> HummockResult<Self> {
-        Self::new(
-            options,
-            sstable_store,
-            hummock_meta_client,
-            notification_client,
-            Arc::new(RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager::default()),
-            Arc::new(HummockStateStoreMetrics::unused()),
-            Arc::new(CompactorMetrics::unused()),
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    pub fn storage_opts(&self) -> &Arc<StorageOpts> {
-        &self.context.storage_opts
-    }
-
-    pub fn version_reader(&self) -> &HummockVersionReader {
-        &self.hummock_version_reader
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
-    pub async fn wait_version_update(&self, old_id: u64) -> u64 {
-        use tokio::task::yield_now;
-        loop {
-            let cur_id = self.pinned_version.load().id();
-            if cur_id > old_id {
-                return cur_id;
-            }
-            yield_now().await;
-        }
-    }
-}
+use crate::mem_table::ImmutableMemtable;
+use crate::monitor::StoreLocalStatistic;
+use crate::store::ReadOptions;
 
 pub async fn get_from_sstable_info(
     sstable_store_ref: SstableStoreRef,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/shared_buffer/shared_buffer_batch.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/shared_buffer/shared_buffer_batch.rs
index 7e67b87434e4a..8a3ab574ef3d5 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/shared_buffer/shared_buffer_batch.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/shared_buffer/shared_buffer_batch.rs
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ use crate::hummock::iterator::{
     Backward, DeleteRangeIterator, DirectionEnum, Forward, HummockIterator,
     HummockIteratorDirection,
 };
-use crate::hummock::store::memtable::ImmId;
 use crate::hummock::utils::{range_overlap, MemoryTracker};
 use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
 use crate::hummock::{HummockEpoch, HummockResult, MonotonicDeleteEvent};
+use crate::mem_table::ImmId;
 use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
 use crate::store::ReadOptions;
 
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ fn whether_update_largest_key<P: AsRef<[u8]>, Q: AsRef<[u8]>>(
 }
 
 /// The key is `table_key`, which does not contain table id or epoch.
-pub(crate) type SharedBufferItem = (Bytes, HummockValue<Bytes>);
+pub(crate) type SharedBufferItem = (TableKey<Bytes>, HummockValue<Bytes>);
 pub type SharedBufferBatchId = u64;
 
 /// A shared buffer may contain data from multiple epochs,
 /// there are multiple versions for a given key (`table_key`), we put those versions into a vector
 /// and sort them in descending order, aka newest to oldest.
-pub type SharedBufferVersionedEntry = (Bytes, Vec<(HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)>);
+pub type SharedBufferVersionedEntry = (TableKey<Bytes>, Vec<(HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)>);
 type PointRangePair = (PointRange<Vec<u8>>, PointRange<Vec<u8>>);
 
 struct SharedBufferDeleteRangeMeta {
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ impl SharedBufferBatchInner {
 
         if let Some(item) = payload.last() {
             if whether_update_largest_key(&largest_table_key, &item.0) {
-                largest_table_key = Bound::Included(item.0.clone());
+                largest_table_key = Bound::Included(item.0.clone().0);
             }
         }
         if let Some(item) = payload.first() {
-            if smallest_empty || item.0.lt(&smallest_table_key.as_ref()) {
+            if smallest_empty || item.0.as_ref().lt(smallest_table_key.as_ref()) {
                 smallest_table_key.clear();
                 smallest_table_key.extend_from_slice(item.0.as_ref());
             }
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ impl SharedBufferBatch {
     }
 
     pub fn build_shared_buffer_item_batches(
-        kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
     ) -> Vec<SharedBufferItem> {
         kv_pairs
             .into_iter()
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ impl<D: HummockIteratorDirection> SharedBufferBatchIterator<D> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn current_item(&self) -> (&Bytes, &(HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)) {
+    pub(crate) fn current_item(&self) -> (&TableKey<Bytes>, &(HummockEpoch, HummockValue<Bytes>)) {
         assert!(self.is_valid(), "iterator is not valid");
         let (idx, version_idx) = match D::direction() {
             DirectionEnum::Forward => (self.current_idx, self.current_version_idx),
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a4bafcdb99c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::ops::{Bound, Deref};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering as MemOrdering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use more_asserts::assert_gt;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::{NotificationClient, ObserverManager};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{version_update_payload, SstableInfo};
+use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedSender};
+use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+use tracing::log::error;
+
+use super::local_hummock_storage::{HummockStorageIterator, LocalHummockStorage};
+use super::version::{CommittedVersion, HummockVersionReader};
+use crate::error::StorageResult;
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::{FilterKeyExtractorManager, RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager};
+use crate::hummock::backup_reader::{BackupReader, BackupReaderRef};
+use crate::hummock::compactor::CompactorContext;
+use crate::hummock::event_handler::hummock_event_handler::BufferTracker;
+use crate::hummock::event_handler::refiller::CacheRefillConfig;
+use crate::hummock::event_handler::{HummockEvent, HummockEventHandler, ReadVersionMappingType};
+use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::{start_pinned_version_worker, PinnedVersion};
+use crate::hummock::observer_manager::HummockObserverNode;
+use crate::hummock::store::version::read_filter_for_batch;
+use crate::hummock::utils::{validate_safe_epoch, wait_for_epoch};
+use crate::hummock::write_limiter::{WriteLimiter, WriteLimiterRef};
+use crate::hummock::{
+    HummockEpoch, HummockError, HummockResult, MemoryLimiter, SstableObjectIdManager,
+    SstableObjectIdManagerRef, SstableStoreRef,
+};
+use crate::mem_table::ImmutableMemtable;
+use crate::monitor::{CompactorMetrics, HummockStateStoreMetrics, StoreLocalStatistic};
+use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
+use crate::store::*;
+use crate::StateStore;
+
+struct HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
+    shutdown_sender: UnboundedSender<HummockEvent>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = self
+            .shutdown_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::Shutdown)
+            .inspect_err(|e| error!("unable to send shutdown: {:?}", e));
+    }
+}
+
+/// `HummockStorage` is the entry point of the Hummock state store backend.
+/// It implements the `StateStore` and `StateStoreRead` traits but not the `StateStoreWrite` trait
+/// since all writes should be done via `LocalHummockStorage` to ensure the single writer property
+/// of hummock. `LocalHummockStorage` instance can be created via `new_local` call.
+/// Hummock is the state store backend.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct HummockStorage {
+    hummock_event_sender: UnboundedSender<HummockEvent>,
+
+    context: CompactorContext,
+
+    sstable_object_id_manager: SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
+
+    buffer_tracker: BufferTracker,
+
+    version_update_notifier_tx: Arc<tokio::sync::watch::Sender<HummockEpoch>>,
+
+    seal_epoch: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+
+    pinned_version: Arc<ArcSwap<PinnedVersion>>,
+
+    hummock_version_reader: HummockVersionReader,
+
+    _shutdown_guard: Arc<HummockStorageShutdownGuard>,
+
+    read_version_mapping: Arc<ReadVersionMappingType>,
+
+    backup_reader: BackupReaderRef,
+
+    /// current_epoch < min_current_epoch cannot be read.
+    min_current_epoch: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+
+    write_limiter: WriteLimiterRef,
+}
+
+impl HummockStorage {
+    /// Creates a [`HummockStorage`].
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub async fn new(
+        options: Arc<StorageOpts>,
+        sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
+        hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
+        notification_client: impl NotificationClient,
+        filter_key_extractor_manager: Arc<RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager>,
+        state_store_metrics: Arc<HummockStateStoreMetrics>,
+        compactor_metrics: Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
+    ) -> HummockResult<Self> {
+        let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
+            hummock_meta_client.clone(),
+            options.sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
+        ));
+        let backup_reader = BackupReader::new(
+            &options.backup_storage_url,
+            &options.backup_storage_directory,
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(HummockError::read_backup_error)?;
+        let write_limiter = Arc::new(WriteLimiter::default());
+        let (event_tx, mut event_rx) = unbounded_channel();
+
+        let observer_manager = ObserverManager::new(
+            notification_client,
+            HummockObserverNode::new(
+                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
+                backup_reader.clone(),
+                event_tx.clone(),
+                write_limiter.clone(),
+            ),
+        )
+        .await;
+        observer_manager.start().await;
+
+        let hummock_version = match event_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(HummockEvent::VersionUpdate(version_update_payload::Payload::PinnedVersion(version))) => version,
+            _ => unreachable!("the hummock observer manager is the first one to take the event tx. Should be full hummock version")
+        };
+
+        let (pin_version_tx, pin_version_rx) = unbounded_channel();
+        let pinned_version = PinnedVersion::new(hummock_version, pin_version_tx);
+        tokio::spawn(start_pinned_version_worker(
+            pin_version_rx,
+            hummock_meta_client.clone(),
+        ));
+
+        let compactor_context = CompactorContext::new_local_compact_context(
+            options.clone(),
+            sstable_store.clone(),
+            compactor_metrics.clone(),
+            FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
+            ),
+        );
+
+        let seal_epoch = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(pinned_version.max_committed_epoch()));
+        let min_current_epoch = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(pinned_version.max_committed_epoch()));
+        let hummock_event_handler = HummockEventHandler::new(
+            event_tx.clone(),
+            event_rx,
+            pinned_version,
+            compactor_context.clone(),
+            sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
+            state_store_metrics.clone(),
+            CacheRefillConfig {
+                timeout: Duration::from_millis(options.cache_refill_timeout_ms),
+                data_refill_levels: options
+                    .cache_refill_data_refill_levels
+                    .iter()
+                    .copied()
+                    .collect(),
+                concurrency: options.cache_refill_concurrency,
+            },
+        );
+
+        let instance = Self {
+            context: compactor_context,
+            sstable_object_id_manager,
+            buffer_tracker: hummock_event_handler.buffer_tracker().clone(),
+            version_update_notifier_tx: hummock_event_handler.version_update_notifier_tx(),
+            seal_epoch,
+            hummock_event_sender: event_tx.clone(),
+            pinned_version: hummock_event_handler.pinned_version(),
+            hummock_version_reader: HummockVersionReader::new(
+                sstable_store,
+                state_store_metrics.clone(),
+            ),
+            _shutdown_guard: Arc::new(HummockStorageShutdownGuard {
+                shutdown_sender: event_tx,
+            }),
+            read_version_mapping: hummock_event_handler.read_version_mapping(),
+            backup_reader,
+            min_current_epoch,
+            write_limiter,
+        };
+
+        tokio::spawn(hummock_event_handler.start_hummock_event_handler_worker());
+
+        Ok(instance)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the value of a specified `key` in the table specified in `read_options`.
+    /// The result is based on a snapshot corresponding to the given `epoch`.
+    /// if `key` has consistent hash virtual node value, then such value is stored in `value_meta`
+    ///
+    /// If `Ok(Some())` is returned, the key is found. If `Ok(None)` is returned,
+    /// the key is not found. If `Err()` is returned, the searching for the key
+    /// failed due to other non-EOF errors.
+    async fn get_inner(
+        &self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        epoch: HummockEpoch,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+        let key_range = (Bound::Included(key.clone()), Bound::Included(key.clone()));
+
+        let read_version_tuple = if read_options.read_version_from_backup {
+            self.build_read_version_tuple_from_backup(epoch).await?
+        } else {
+            self.build_read_version_tuple(epoch, read_options.table_id, &key_range)?
+        };
+
+        self.hummock_version_reader
+            .get(key, epoch, read_options, read_version_tuple)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn iter_inner(
+        &self,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
+        epoch: u64,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> StorageResult<StreamTypeOfIter<HummockStorageIterator>> {
+        let read_version_tuple = if read_options.read_version_from_backup {
+            self.build_read_version_tuple_from_backup(epoch).await?
+        } else {
+            self.build_read_version_tuple(epoch, read_options.table_id, &key_range)?
+        };
+
+        self.hummock_version_reader
+            .iter(key_range, epoch, read_options, read_version_tuple)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn build_read_version_tuple_from_backup(
+        &self,
+        epoch: u64,
+    ) -> StorageResult<(Vec<ImmutableMemtable>, Vec<SstableInfo>, CommittedVersion)> {
+        match self.backup_reader.try_get_hummock_version(epoch).await {
+            Ok(Some(backup_version)) => {
+                validate_safe_epoch(backup_version.safe_epoch(), epoch)?;
+                Ok((Vec::default(), Vec::default(), backup_version))
+            }
+            Ok(None) => Err(HummockError::read_backup_error(format!(
+                "backup include epoch {} not found",
+                epoch
+            ))
+            .into()),
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn build_read_version_tuple(
+        &self,
+        epoch: u64,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        key_range: &TableKeyRange,
+    ) -> StorageResult<(Vec<ImmutableMemtable>, Vec<SstableInfo>, CommittedVersion)> {
+        let pinned_version = self.pinned_version.load();
+        validate_safe_epoch(pinned_version.safe_epoch(), epoch)?;
+
+        // check epoch if lower mce
+        let read_version_tuple: (Vec<ImmutableMemtable>, Vec<SstableInfo>, CommittedVersion) =
+            if epoch <= pinned_version.max_committed_epoch() {
+                // read committed_version directly without build snapshot
+                (Vec::default(), Vec::default(), (**pinned_version).clone())
+            } else {
+                let read_version_vec = {
+                    let read_guard = self.read_version_mapping.read();
+                    read_guard
+                        .get(&table_id)
+                        .map(|v| {
+                            v.values()
+                                .filter(|v| !v.read_arc().is_replicated())
+                                .cloned()
+                                .collect_vec()
+                        })
+                        .unwrap_or_default()
+                };
+
+                // When the system has just started and no state has been created, the memory state
+                // may be empty
+                if read_version_vec.is_empty() {
+                    (Vec::default(), Vec::default(), (**pinned_version).clone())
+                } else {
+                    let (imm_vec, sst_vec) =
+                        read_filter_for_batch(epoch, table_id, key_range, read_version_vec)?;
+                    let committed_version = (**pinned_version).clone();
+
+                    (imm_vec, sst_vec, committed_version)
+                }
+            };
+
+        Ok(read_version_tuple)
+    }
+
+    async fn new_local_inner(&self, option: NewLocalOptions) -> LocalHummockStorage {
+        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        self.hummock_event_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::RegisterReadVersion {
+                table_id: option.table_id,
+                new_read_version_sender: tx,
+                is_replicated: option.is_replicated,
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (basic_read_version, instance_guard) = rx.await.unwrap();
+        let version_update_notifier_tx = self.version_update_notifier_tx.clone();
+        LocalHummockStorage::new(
+            instance_guard,
+            basic_read_version,
+            self.hummock_version_reader.clone(),
+            self.hummock_event_sender.clone(),
+            self.buffer_tracker.get_memory_limiter().clone(),
+            self.write_limiter.clone(),
+            option,
+            version_update_notifier_tx,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn sstable_store(&self) -> SstableStoreRef {
+        self.context.sstable_store.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn sstable_object_id_manager(&self) -> &SstableObjectIdManagerRef {
+        &self.sstable_object_id_manager
+    }
+
+    pub fn filter_key_extractor_manager(&self) -> &FilterKeyExtractorManager {
+        &self.context.filter_key_extractor_manager
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_memory_limiter(&self) -> Arc<MemoryLimiter> {
+        self.buffer_tracker.get_memory_limiter().clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_pinned_version(&self) -> PinnedVersion {
+        self.pinned_version.load().deref().deref().clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn backup_reader(&self) -> BackupReaderRef {
+        self.backup_reader.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl StateStoreRead for HummockStorage {
+    type IterStream = StreamTypeOfIter<HummockStorageIterator>;
+
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        epoch: u64,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + '_ {
+        self.get_inner(key, epoch, read_options)
+    }
+
+    fn iter(
+        &self,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
+        epoch: u64,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
+        self.iter_inner(key_range, epoch, read_options)
+    }
+}
+
+impl StateStore for HummockStorage {
+    type Local = LocalHummockStorage;
+
+    /// Waits until the local hummock version contains the epoch. If `wait_epoch` is `Current`,
+    /// we will only check whether it is le `sealed_epoch` and won't wait.
+    async fn try_wait_epoch(&self, wait_epoch: HummockReadEpoch) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        self.validate_read_epoch(wait_epoch)?;
+        let wait_epoch = match wait_epoch {
+            HummockReadEpoch::Committed(epoch) => {
+                assert_ne!(epoch, HummockEpoch::MAX, "epoch should not be u64::MAX");
+                epoch
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(()),
+        };
+        wait_for_epoch(&self.version_update_notifier_tx, wait_epoch).await
+    }
+
+    async fn sync(&self, epoch: u64) -> StorageResult<SyncResult> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.hummock_event_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::AwaitSyncEpoch {
+                new_sync_epoch: epoch,
+                sync_result_sender: tx,
+            })
+            .expect("should send success");
+        Ok(rx.await.expect("should wait success")?)
+    }
+
+    fn seal_epoch(&self, epoch: u64, is_checkpoint: bool) {
+        // Update `seal_epoch` synchronously,
+        // as `HummockEvent::SealEpoch` is handled asynchronously.
+        let prev_epoch = self.seal_epoch.swap(epoch, MemOrdering::SeqCst);
+        assert_gt!(epoch, prev_epoch);
+
+        if is_checkpoint {
+            let _ = self.min_current_epoch.compare_exchange(
+                HummockEpoch::MAX,
+                epoch,
+                MemOrdering::SeqCst,
+                MemOrdering::SeqCst,
+            );
+        }
+        self.hummock_event_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::SealEpoch {
+                epoch,
+                is_checkpoint,
+            })
+            .expect("should send success");
+        StoreLocalStatistic::flush_all();
+    }
+
+    async fn clear_shared_buffer(&self) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.hummock_event_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::Clear(tx))
+            .expect("should send success");
+        rx.await.expect("should wait success");
+
+        let epoch = self.pinned_version.load().max_committed_epoch();
+        self.min_current_epoch
+            .store(HummockEpoch::MAX, MemOrdering::SeqCst);
+        self.seal_epoch.store(epoch, MemOrdering::SeqCst);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn new_local(&self, option: NewLocalOptions) -> impl Future<Output = Self::Local> + Send + '_ {
+        self.new_local_inner(option)
+    }
+
+    fn validate_read_epoch(&self, epoch: HummockReadEpoch) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        if let HummockReadEpoch::Current(read_current_epoch) = epoch {
+            assert_ne!(
+                read_current_epoch,
+                HummockEpoch::MAX,
+                "epoch should not be u64::MAX"
+            );
+            let sealed_epoch = self.seal_epoch.load(MemOrdering::SeqCst);
+            if read_current_epoch > sealed_epoch {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "invalid barrier read {} > max seal epoch {}",
+                    read_current_epoch,
+                    sealed_epoch
+                );
+                return Err(HummockError::read_current_epoch().into());
+            }
+
+            let min_current_epoch = self.min_current_epoch.load(MemOrdering::SeqCst);
+            if read_current_epoch < min_current_epoch {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "invalid barrier read {} < min current epoch {}",
+                    read_current_epoch,
+                    min_current_epoch
+                );
+                return Err(HummockError::read_current_epoch().into());
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+impl HummockStorage {
+    pub async fn seal_and_sync_epoch(&self, epoch: u64) -> StorageResult<SyncResult> {
+        self.seal_epoch(epoch, true);
+        self.sync(epoch).await
+    }
+
+    /// Used in the compaction test tool
+    pub async fn update_version_and_wait(&self, version: HummockVersion) {
+        use tokio::task::yield_now;
+        let version_id = version.id;
+        self.hummock_event_sender
+            .send(HummockEvent::VersionUpdate(
+                version_update_payload::Payload::PinnedVersion(version),
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+        loop {
+            if self.pinned_version.load().id() >= version_id {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            yield_now().await
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn wait_version(&self, version: HummockVersion) {
+        use tokio::task::yield_now;
+        loop {
+            if self.pinned_version.load().id() >= version.id {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            yield_now().await
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_shared_buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buffer_tracker.get_buffer_size()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn try_wait_epoch_for_test(&self, wait_epoch: u64) {
+        let mut rx = self.version_update_notifier_tx.subscribe();
+        while *(rx.borrow_and_update()) < wait_epoch {
+            rx.changed().await.unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a [`HummockStorage`] with default stats. Should only be used by tests.
+    pub async fn for_test(
+        options: Arc<StorageOpts>,
+        sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
+        hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
+        notification_client: impl NotificationClient,
+    ) -> HummockResult<Self> {
+        Self::new(
+            options,
+            sstable_store,
+            hummock_meta_client,
+            notification_client,
+            Arc::new(RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager::default()),
+            Arc::new(HummockStateStoreMetrics::unused()),
+            Arc::new(CompactorMetrics::unused()),
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    pub fn storage_opts(&self) -> &Arc<StorageOpts> {
+        &self.context.storage_opts
+    }
+
+    pub fn version_reader(&self) -> &HummockVersionReader {
+        &self.hummock_version_reader
+    }
+
+    pub async fn wait_version_update(&self, old_id: u64) -> u64 {
+        use tokio::task::yield_now;
+        loop {
+            let cur_id = self.pinned_version.load().id();
+            if cur_id > old_id {
+                return cur_id;
+            }
+            yield_now().await;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/state_store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/storage/src/hummock/store/state_store.rs
rename to src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
index f5a6f65b8d6fc..18ae72300cd67 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/state_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{map_table_key_range, TableKey, TableKeyRange};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockEpoch;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tracing::{warn, Instrument};
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
 use crate::store::*;
 use crate::StateStoreIter;
 
+/// `LocalHummockStorage` is a handle for a state table shard to access data from and write data to
+/// the hummock state backend. It is created via `HummockStorage::new_local`.
 pub struct LocalHummockStorage {
     mem_table: MemTable,
 
@@ -141,24 +143,22 @@ impl LocalHummockStorage {
 
     pub async fn may_exist_inner(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<bool> {
         if self.mem_table.iter(key_range.clone()).next().is_some() {
             return Ok(true);
         }
 
-        let table_key_range = map_table_key_range(key_range);
-
         let read_snapshot = read_filter_for_local(
             HummockEpoch::MAX, // Use MAX epoch to make sure we read from latest
             read_options.table_id,
-            &table_key_range,
+            &key_range,
             self.read_version.clone(),
         )?;
 
         self.hummock_version_reader
-            .may_exist(table_key_range, read_options, read_snapshot)
+            .may_exist(key_range, read_options, read_snapshot)
             .await
     }
 }
@@ -168,22 +168,22 @@ impl StateStoreRead for LocalHummockStorage {
 
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + '_ {
         assert!(epoch <= self.epoch());
-        self.get_inner(TableKey(key), epoch, read_options)
+        self.get_inner(key, epoch, read_options)
     }
 
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
         assert!(epoch <= self.epoch());
-        self.iter_inner(map_table_key_range(key_range), epoch, read_options)
+        self.iter_inner(key_range, epoch, read_options)
             .instrument(tracing::trace_span!("hummock_iter"))
     }
 }
@@ -193,18 +193,19 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
 
     fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<bool>> + Send + '_ {
         self.may_exist_inner(key_range, read_options)
     }
 
-    async fn get(&self, key: Bytes, read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+    async fn get(
+        &self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
         match self.mem_table.buffer.get(&key) {
-            None => {
-                self.get_inner(TableKey(key), self.epoch(), read_options)
-                    .await
-            }
+            None => self.get_inner(key, self.epoch(), read_options).await,
             Some(op) => match op {
                 KeyOp::Insert(value) | KeyOp::Update((_, value)) => Ok(Some(value.clone())),
                 KeyOp::Delete(_) => Ok(None),
@@ -215,19 +216,13 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
     #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
         async move {
             let stream = self
-                .iter_inner(
-                    map_table_key_range(key_range.clone()),
-                    self.epoch(),
-                    read_options,
-                )
+                .iter_inner(key_range.clone(), self.epoch(), read_options)
                 .await?;
-            let (l, r) = key_range;
-            let key_range = (l.map(Bytes::from), r.map(Bytes::from));
             Ok(merge_stream(
                 self.mem_table.iter(key_range),
                 stream,
@@ -237,7 +232,12 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: Bytes, new_val: Bytes, old_val: Option<Bytes>) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        new_val: Bytes,
+        old_val: Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> StorageResult<()> {
         match old_val {
             None => self.mem_table.insert(key, new_val)?,
             Some(old_val) => self.mem_table.update(key, old_val, new_val)?,
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
         self.mem_table.delete(key, old_val)?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
 impl LocalHummockStorage {
     async fn flush_inner(
         &mut self,
-        kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/mod.rs
index 1f74b4f004e5c..0831ff35d2dea 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub mod memtable;
-pub mod state_store;
+pub mod hummock_storage;
+pub mod local_hummock_storage;
 pub mod version;
+
+pub use hummock_storage::*;
+pub use local_hummock_storage::*;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
index 38f7cb4e54e3f..41273e51657c8 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::{HummockVersionDelta, LevelType, SstableInfo};
 use sync_point::sync_point;
 use tracing::Instrument;
 
-use super::memtable::{ImmId, ImmutableMemtable};
-use super::state_store::StagingDataIterator;
+use super::StagingDataIterator;
 use crate::error::StorageResult;
 use crate::hummock::iterator::{
     ConcatIterator, ForwardMergeRangeIterator, HummockIteratorUnion, OrderedMergeIteratorInner,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ use crate::hummock::iterator::{
 use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::PinnedVersion;
 use crate::hummock::sstable::SstableIteratorReadOptions;
 use crate::hummock::sstable_store::SstableStoreRef;
-use crate::hummock::store::state_store::HummockStorageIterator;
+use crate::hummock::store::HummockStorageIterator;
 use crate::hummock::utils::{
     check_subset_preserve_order, filter_single_sst, prune_nonoverlapping_ssts,
     prune_overlapping_ssts, range_overlap, search_sst_idx,
@@ -50,6 +49,7 @@ use crate::hummock::{
     get_from_batch, get_from_sstable_info, hit_sstable_bloom_filter, Sstable,
     SstableDeleteRangeIterator, SstableIterator,
 };
+use crate::mem_table::{ImmId, ImmutableMemtable};
 use crate::monitor::{
     GetLocalMetricsGuard, HummockStateStoreMetrics, MayExistLocalMetricsGuard, StoreLocalStatistic,
 };
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ impl StagingSstableInfo {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum StagingData {
-    // ImmMem(Arc<Memtable>),
     ImmMem(ImmutableMemtable),
     MergedImmMem(ImmutableMemtable),
     Sst(StagingSstableInfo),
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
index cded494d128a3..3381b629ddfe6 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_common::must_match;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, PointRange, UserKey};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, PointRange, TableKey, UserKey};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockSstableObjectId};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{KeyRange, SstableInfo};
 
@@ -63,19 +63,19 @@ pub fn default_opts_for_test() -> StorageOpts {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn gen_dummy_batch(n: u64) -> Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> {
+pub fn gen_dummy_batch(n: u64) -> Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> {
     vec![(
-        Bytes::from(iterator_test_table_key_of(n as usize)),
+        TableKey(Bytes::from(iterator_test_table_key_of(n as usize))),
         StorageValue::new_put(b"value1".to_vec()),
     )]
 }
 
-pub fn gen_dummy_batch_several_keys(n: usize) -> Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)> {
+pub fn gen_dummy_batch_several_keys(n: usize) -> Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)> {
     let mut kvs = vec![];
     let v = Bytes::from(b"value1".to_vec().repeat(100));
     for idx in 0..n {
         kvs.push((
-            Bytes::from(iterator_test_table_key_of(idx)),
+            TableKey(Bytes::from(iterator_test_table_key_of(idx))),
             StorageValue::new_put(v.clone()),
         ));
     }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/utils.rs
index d24ff4ab09ec9..7ccb3fbf04790 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/utils.rs
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ pub(crate) const ENABLE_SANITY_CHECK: bool = cfg!(debug_assertions);
 
 /// Make sure the key to insert should not exist in storage.
 pub(crate) async fn do_insert_sanity_check(
-    key: Bytes,
+    key: TableKey<Bytes>,
     value: Bytes,
     inner: &impl StateStoreRead,
     epoch: u64,
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn do_insert_sanity_check(
 
 /// Make sure that the key to delete should exist in storage and the value should be matched.
 pub(crate) async fn do_delete_sanity_check(
-    key: Bytes,
+    key: TableKey<Bytes>,
     old_value: Bytes,
     inner: &impl StateStoreRead,
     epoch: u64,
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn do_delete_sanity_check(
 
 /// Make sure that the key to update should exist in storage and the value should be matched
 pub(crate) async fn do_update_sanity_check(
-    key: Bytes,
+    key: TableKey<Bytes>,
     old_value: Bytes,
     new_value: Bytes,
     inner: &impl StateStoreRead,
@@ -497,9 +497,9 @@ fn validate_delete_range(left: &Bound<Bytes>, right: &Bound<Bytes>) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn filter_with_delete_range<'a>(
-    kv_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (Bytes, KeyOp)> + 'a,
+    kv_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (TableKey<Bytes>, KeyOp)> + 'a,
     mut delete_ranges_iter: impl Iterator<Item = &'a (Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)> + 'a,
-) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Bytes, KeyOp)> + 'a {
+) -> impl Iterator<Item = (TableKey<Bytes>, KeyOp)> + 'a {
     let mut range = delete_ranges_iter.next();
     if let Some((range_start, range_end)) = range {
         assert!(
@@ -511,10 +511,11 @@ pub(crate) fn filter_with_delete_range<'a>(
     }
     kv_iter.filter(move |(ref key, _)| {
         if let Some(range_bound) = range {
-            if cmp_delete_range_left_bounds(Included(key), range_bound.0.as_ref()) == Ordering::Less
+            if cmp_delete_range_left_bounds(Included(&key.0), range_bound.0.as_ref())
+                == Ordering::Less
             {
                 true
-            } else if range_bound.contains(key) {
+            } else if range_bound.contains(key.as_ref()) {
                 false
             } else {
                 // Key has exceeded the current key range. Advance to the next range.
@@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ pub(crate) fn filter_with_delete_range<'a>(
                         {
                             // Not fall in the next delete range
                             break true;
-                        } else if range_bound.contains(key) {
+                        } else if range_bound.contains(key.as_ref()) {
                             // Fall in the next delete range
                             break false;
                         } else {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
index 5ebcb4fe78b00..72b925170a6ef 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ pub mod error;
 pub mod opts;
 pub mod store_impl;
 pub mod table;
-pub mod write_batch;
 
 pub mod filter_key_extractor;
 pub mod mem_table;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/mem_table.rs b/src/storage/src/mem_table.rs
index 1ff090690aa4a..34508a730a5fb 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/mem_table.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/mem_table.rs
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 use crate::error::{StorageError, StorageResult};
+use crate::hummock::shared_buffer::shared_buffer_batch::{SharedBufferBatch, SharedBufferBatchId};
 use crate::hummock::utils::{
     cmp_delete_range_left_bounds, do_delete_sanity_check, do_insert_sanity_check,
     do_update_sanity_check, filter_with_delete_range, ENABLE_SANITY_CHECK,
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ use crate::row_serde::value_serde::ValueRowSerde;
 use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
 use crate::store::*;
 
+pub type ImmutableMemtable = SharedBufferBatch;
+
+pub type ImmId = SharedBufferBatchId;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, EstimateSize)]
 pub enum KeyOp {
     Insert(Bytes),
@@ -46,7 +51,7 @@ pub enum KeyOp {
 /// `MemTable` is a buffer for modify operations without encoding
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MemTable {
-    pub(crate) buffer: BTreeMap<Bytes, KeyOp>,
+    pub(crate) buffer: BTreeMap<TableKey<Bytes>, KeyOp>,
     pub(crate) is_consistent_op: bool,
     pub(crate) kv_size: KvSize,
 }
@@ -54,7 +59,11 @@ pub struct MemTable {
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum MemTableError {
     #[error("Inconsistent operation")]
-    InconsistentOperation { key: Bytes, prev: KeyOp, new: KeyOp },
+    InconsistentOperation {
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        prev: KeyOp,
+        new: KeyOp,
+    },
 }
 
 type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<MemTableError>>;
@@ -77,13 +86,8 @@ impl MemTable {
         !self.buffer.is_empty()
     }
 
-    /// read methods
-    pub fn get_key_op(&self, pk: &[u8]) -> Option<&KeyOp> {
-        self.buffer.get(pk)
-    }
-
     /// write methods
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, pk: Bytes, value: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, pk: TableKey<Bytes>, value: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.is_consistent_op {
             let key_len = std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>() + pk.len();
             let insert_value = KeyOp::Insert(value);
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ impl MemTable {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, pk: Bytes, old_value: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, pk: TableKey<Bytes>, old_value: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
         let key_len = std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>() + pk.len();
         if !self.is_consistent_op {
             let delete_value = KeyOp::Delete(old_value);
@@ -185,7 +189,12 @@ impl MemTable {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn update(&mut self, pk: Bytes, old_value: Bytes, new_value: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn update(
+        &mut self,
+        pk: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        old_value: Bytes,
+        new_value: Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.is_consistent_op {
             let key_len = std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>() + pk.len();
 
@@ -245,13 +254,16 @@ impl MemTable {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn into_parts(self) -> BTreeMap<Bytes, KeyOp> {
+    pub fn into_parts(self) -> BTreeMap<TableKey<Bytes>, KeyOp> {
         self.buffer
     }
 
-    pub fn iter<'a, R>(&'a self, key_range: R) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'a Bytes, &'a KeyOp)>
+    pub fn iter<'a, R>(
+        &'a self,
+        key_range: R,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'a TableKey<Bytes>, &'a KeyOp)>
     where
-        R: RangeBounds<Bytes> + 'a,
+        R: RangeBounds<TableKey<Bytes>> + 'a,
     {
         self.buffer.range(key_range)
     }
@@ -291,7 +303,7 @@ impl KeyOp {
 
 #[try_stream(ok = StateStoreIterItem, error = StorageError)]
 pub(crate) async fn merge_stream<'a>(
-    mem_table_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a Bytes, &'a KeyOp)> + 'a,
+    mem_table_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a TableKey<Bytes>, &'a KeyOp)> + 'a,
     inner_stream: impl StateStoreReadIterStream,
     table_id: TableId,
     epoch: u64,
@@ -314,17 +326,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn merge_stream<'a>(
                 let (key, key_op) = mem_table_iter.next().unwrap();
                 match key_op {
                     KeyOp::Insert(value) | KeyOp::Update((_, value)) => {
-                        yield (
-                            FullKey::new(table_id, TableKey(key.clone()), epoch),
-                            value.clone(),
-                        )
+                        yield (FullKey::new(table_id, key.clone(), epoch), value.clone())
                     }
                     _ => {}
                 }
             }
             (Some(Ok((inner_key, _))), Some((mem_table_key, _))) => {
                 debug_assert_eq!(inner_key.user_key.table_id, table_id);
-                match inner_key.user_key.table_key.0.cmp(mem_table_key) {
+                match inner_key.user_key.table_key.cmp(mem_table_key) {
                     Ordering::Less => {
                         // yield data from storage
                         let (key, value) = inner_stream.next().await.unwrap()?;
@@ -354,10 +363,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn merge_stream<'a>(
 
                         match key_op {
                             KeyOp::Insert(value) => {
-                                yield (
-                                    FullKey::new(table_id, TableKey(key.clone()), epoch),
-                                    value.clone(),
-                                );
+                                yield (FullKey::new(table_id, key.clone(), epoch), value.clone());
                             }
                             KeyOp::Delete(_) => {}
                             KeyOp::Update(_) => unreachable!(
@@ -409,13 +415,17 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        _key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        _key_range: TableKeyRange,
         _read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<bool> {
         Ok(true)
     }
 
-    async fn get(&self, key: Bytes, read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+    async fn get(
+        &self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
         match self.mem_table.buffer.get(&key) {
             None => self.inner.get(key, self.epoch(), read_options).await,
             Some(op) => match op {
@@ -428,7 +438,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
     #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
         async move {
@@ -436,8 +446,6 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
                 .inner
                 .iter(key_range.clone(), self.epoch(), read_options)
                 .await?;
-            let (l, r) = key_range;
-            let key_range = (l.map(Bytes::from), r.map(Bytes::from));
             Ok(merge_stream(
                 self.mem_table.iter(key_range),
                 stream,
@@ -447,7 +455,12 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: Bytes, new_val: Bytes, old_val: Option<Bytes>) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        new_val: Bytes,
+        old_val: Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> StorageResult<()> {
         match old_val {
             None => self.mem_table.insert(key, new_val)?,
             Some(old_val) => self.mem_table.update(key, old_val, new_val)?,
@@ -455,7 +468,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
         Ok(self.mem_table.delete(key, old_val)?)
     }
 
@@ -567,6 +580,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreWrite + StateStoreRead> LocalStateStore for MemtableLocalState
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use bytes::Bytes;
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 
     use crate::mem_table::{KeyOp, MemTable};
 
@@ -575,7 +589,9 @@ mod tests {
         let mut mem_table = MemTable::new(true);
         assert_eq!(mem_table.kv_size.size(), 0);
 
-        mem_table.insert("key1".into(), "value1".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .insert(TableKey("key1".into()), "value1".into())
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -587,7 +603,9 @@ mod tests {
         // delete
         mem_table.drain();
         assert_eq!(mem_table.kv_size.size(), 0);
-        mem_table.delete("key2".into(), "value2".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .delete(TableKey("key2".into()), "value2".into())
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -595,7 +613,9 @@ mod tests {
                 + std::mem::size_of::<KeyOp>()
                 + Bytes::from("value2").len()
         );
-        mem_table.insert("key2".into(), "value22".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .insert(TableKey("key2".into()), "value22".into())
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -605,7 +625,9 @@ mod tests {
                 + Bytes::from("value2").len()
         );
 
-        mem_table.delete("key2".into(), "value22".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .delete(TableKey("key2".into()), "value22".into())
+            .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
@@ -618,7 +640,9 @@ mod tests {
         // update
         mem_table.drain();
         assert_eq!(mem_table.kv_size.size(), 0);
-        mem_table.insert("key3".into(), "value3".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .insert(TableKey("key3".into()), "value3".into())
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -629,7 +653,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // update-> insert
         mem_table
-            .update("key3".into(), "value3".into(), "value333".into())
+            .update(TableKey("key3".into()), "value3".into(), "value333".into())
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
@@ -641,7 +665,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         mem_table.drain();
         mem_table
-            .update("key4".into(), "value4".into(), "value44".into())
+            .update(TableKey("key4".into()), "value4".into(), "value44".into())
             .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
@@ -653,7 +677,11 @@ mod tests {
                 + Bytes::from("value44").len()
         );
         mem_table
-            .update("key4".into(), "value44".into(), "value4444".into())
+            .update(
+                TableKey("key4".into()),
+                "value44".into(),
+                "value4444".into(),
+            )
             .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
@@ -671,7 +699,10 @@ mod tests {
         let mut mem_table = MemTable::new(false);
         assert_eq!(mem_table.kv_size.size(), 0);
 
-        mem_table.insert("key1".into(), "value1".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .insert(TableKey("key1".into()), "value1".into())
+            .unwrap();
+
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -680,7 +711,9 @@ mod tests {
                 + Bytes::from("value1").len()
         );
 
-        mem_table.insert("key1".into(), "value111".into()).unwrap();
+        mem_table
+            .insert(TableKey("key1".into()), "value111".into())
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             mem_table.kv_size.size(),
             std::mem::size_of::<Bytes>()
@@ -691,7 +724,7 @@ mod tests {
         mem_table.drain();
 
         mem_table
-            .update("key4".into(), "value4".into(), "value44".into())
+            .update(TableKey("key4".into()), "value4".into(), "value44".into())
             .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
@@ -703,7 +736,11 @@ mod tests {
                 + Bytes::from("value44").len()
         );
         mem_table
-            .update("key4".into(), "value44".into(), "value4444".into())
+            .update(
+                TableKey("key4".into()),
+                "value44".into(),
+                "value4444".into(),
+            )
             .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
diff --git a/src/storage/src/memory.rs b/src/storage/src/memory.rs
index 26b37c83cbf4a..ac52b65e5488f 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/memory.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/memory.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, UserKey};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, TableKeyRange, UserKey};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockReadEpoch};
 
 use crate::error::StorageResult;
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ impl MemoryStateStore {
 impl<R: RangeKv> RangeKvStateStore<R> {
     fn scan(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         table_id: TableId,
         limit: Option<usize>,
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ impl<R: RangeKv> StateStoreRead for RangeKvStateStore<R> {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ impl<R: RangeKv> StateStoreRead for RangeKvStateStore<R> {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<Self::IterStream> {
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ impl<R: RangeKv> StateStoreWrite for RangeKvStateStore<R> {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn ingest_batch(
         &self,
-        mut kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        mut kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ impl<R: RangeKv> StateStoreWrite for RangeKvStateStore<R> {
                 ),
                 None,
             )? {
-                delete_keys.insert(key.user_key.table_key.0);
+                delete_keys.insert(key.user_key.table_key);
             }
         }
         for key in delete_keys {
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ impl<R: RangeKv> StateStoreWrite for RangeKvStateStore<R> {
             .ingest_batch(kv_pairs.into_iter().map(|(key, value)| {
                 size += key.len() + value.size();
                 (
-                    FullKey::new(write_options.table_id, TableKey(key), epoch),
+                    FullKey::new(write_options.table_id, key, epoch),
                     value.user_value,
                 )
             }))?;
@@ -729,8 +729,14 @@ mod tests {
         state_store
             .ingest_batch(
                 vec![
-                    (b"a".to_vec().into(), StorageValue::new_put(b"v1".to_vec())),
-                    (b"b".to_vec().into(), StorageValue::new_put(b"v1".to_vec())),
+                    (
+                        TableKey(Bytes::from(b"a".to_vec())),
+                        StorageValue::new_put(b"v1".to_vec()),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        TableKey(Bytes::from(b"b".to_vec())),
+                        StorageValue::new_put(b"v1".to_vec()),
+                    ),
                 ],
                 vec![],
                 WriteOptions {
@@ -743,8 +749,14 @@ mod tests {
         state_store
             .ingest_batch(
                 vec![
-                    (b"a".to_vec().into(), StorageValue::new_put(b"v2".to_vec())),
-                    (b"b".to_vec().into(), StorageValue::new_delete()),
+                    (
+                        TableKey(Bytes::from(b"a".to_vec())),
+                        StorageValue::new_put(b"v2".to_vec()),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        TableKey(Bytes::from(b"b".to_vec())),
+                        StorageValue::new_delete(),
+                    ),
                 ],
                 vec![],
                 WriteOptions {
@@ -758,8 +770,8 @@ mod tests {
             state_store
                 .scan(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("a")),
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("b")),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("a"))),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("b"))),
                     ),
                     0,
                     TableId::default(),
@@ -785,8 +797,8 @@ mod tests {
             state_store
                 .scan(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("a")),
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("b")),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("a"))),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("b"))),
                     ),
                     0,
                     TableId::default(),
@@ -804,8 +816,8 @@ mod tests {
             state_store
                 .scan(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("a")),
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::from("b")),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("a"))),
+                        Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::from("b"))),
                     ),
                     1,
                     TableId::default(),
@@ -821,42 +833,54 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::from("a"), 0, ReadOptions::default(),)
+                .get(TableKey(Bytes::from("a")), 0, ReadOptions::default(),)
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             Some(Bytes::from("v1"))
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"b"), 0, ReadOptions::default(),)
+                .get(
+                    TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"b")),
+                    0,
+                    ReadOptions::default(),
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             Some(b"v1".to_vec().into())
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"c"), 0, ReadOptions::default(),)
+                .get(
+                    TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"c")),
+                    0,
+                    ReadOptions::default(),
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             None
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"a"), 1, ReadOptions::default(),)
+                .get(
+                    TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"a")),
+                    1,
+                    ReadOptions::default(),
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             Some(b"v2".to_vec().into())
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::from("b"), 1, ReadOptions::default(),)
+                .get(TableKey(Bytes::from("b")), 1, ReadOptions::default(),)
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             None
         );
         assert_eq!(
             state_store
-                .get(Bytes::from("c"), 1, ReadOptions::default())
+                .get(TableKey(Bytes::from("c")), 1, ReadOptions::default())
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             None
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_store.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_store.rs
index 77924a999709d..fd3e235201eb4 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_store.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Future, TryFutureExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 use tracing::error;
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreRead> StateStoreRead for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
 
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + '_ {
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreRead> StateStoreRead for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
 
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
 
     async fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<bool> {
         let table_id_label = read_options.table_id.to_string();
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
 
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_ {
         let table_id = read_options.table_id;
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
 
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
         let table_id = read_options.table_id;
@@ -243,12 +244,17 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for MonitoredStateStore<S> {
             .map_ok(identity)
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: Bytes, new_val: Bytes, old_val: Option<Bytes>) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        new_val: Bytes,
+        old_val: Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> StorageResult<()> {
         // TODO: collect metrics
         self.inner.insert(key, new_val, old_val)
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
         // TODO: collect metrics
         self.inner.delete(key, old_val)
     }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/traced_store.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/traced_store.rs
index 505c0460552a7..e92b5974844e2 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/traced_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/traced_store.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::ops::Bound;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Future, TryFutureExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use risingwave_hummock_trace::{
     init_collector, should_use_trace, ConcurrentId, MayTraceSpan, OperationResult, StorageType,
@@ -82,13 +83,13 @@ impl<S> TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     async fn traced_get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: Option<u64>,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
         get_future: impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>>,
     ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
         let span = TraceSpan::new_get_span(
-            key.clone(),
+            key.0.clone(),
             epoch,
             read_options.clone().into(),
             self.storage_type,
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<bool>> + Send + '_ {
         self.inner.may_exist(key_range, read_options)
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + '_ {
         self.traced_get(
@@ -132,11 +133,13 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
+        let (l, r) = key_range.clone();
+        let bytes_key_range = (l.map(|l| l.0), r.map(|r| r.0));
         let span = TraceSpan::new_iter_span(
-            key_range.clone(),
+            bytes_key_range,
             None,
             read_options.clone().into(),
             self.storage_type,
@@ -145,9 +148,14 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for TracedStateStore<S> {
             .map_ok(identity)
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: Bytes, new_val: Bytes, old_val: Option<Bytes>) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        new_val: Bytes,
+        old_val: Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> StorageResult<()> {
         let span = TraceSpan::new_insert_span(
-            key.clone(),
+            key.0.clone(),
             new_val.clone(),
             old_val.clone(),
             self.storage_type,
@@ -158,8 +166,8 @@ impl<S: LocalStateStore> LocalStateStore for TracedStateStore<S> {
         res
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
-        let span = TraceSpan::new_delete_span(key.clone(), old_val.clone(), self.storage_type);
+    fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        let span = TraceSpan::new_delete_span(key.0.clone(), old_val.clone(), self.storage_type);
 
         let res = self.inner.delete(key, old_val);
 
@@ -263,7 +271,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreRead> StateStoreRead for TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_ {
@@ -277,12 +285,14 @@ impl<S: StateStoreRead> StateStoreRead for TracedStateStore<S> {
 
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
+        let (l, r) = key_range.clone();
+        let bytes_key_range = (l.map(|l| l.0), r.map(|r| r.0));
         let span = TraceSpan::new_iter_span(
-            key_range.clone(),
+            bytes_key_range,
             Some(epoch),
             read_options.clone().into(),
             self.storage_type,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/panic_store.rs b/src/storage/src/panic_store.rs
index 53162e29637fd..de4e9f38032d7 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/panic_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/panic_store.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::Stream;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 
 use crate::error::StorageResult;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ impl StateStoreRead for PanicStateStore {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn get(
         &self,
-        _key: Bytes,
+        _key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         _epoch: u64,
         _read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ impl StateStoreRead for PanicStateStore {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn iter(
         &self,
-        _key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        _key_range: TableKeyRange,
         _epoch: u64,
         _read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<Self::IterStream> {
@@ -57,11 +58,11 @@ impl StateStoreWrite for PanicStateStore {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn ingest_batch(
         &self,
-        _kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        _kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         _delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         _write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
-        panic!("should not read from the state store!");
+        panic!("should not write to the state store!");
     }
 }
 
@@ -71,21 +72,25 @@ impl LocalStateStore for PanicStateStore {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        _key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        _key_range: TableKeyRange,
         _read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<bool> {
         panic!("should not call may_exist from the state store!");
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
-    async fn get(&self, _key: Bytes, _read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+    async fn get(
+        &self,
+        _key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        _read_options: ReadOptions,
+    ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
         panic!("should not operate on the panic state store!");
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn iter(
         &self,
-        _key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        _key_range: TableKeyRange,
         _read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>> {
         panic!("should not operate on the panic state store!");
@@ -93,14 +98,14 @@ impl LocalStateStore for PanicStateStore {
 
     fn insert(
         &mut self,
-        _key: Bytes,
+        _key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         _new_val: Bytes,
         _old_val: Option<Bytes>,
     ) -> StorageResult<()> {
         panic!("should not operate on the panic state store!");
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, _key: Bytes, _old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    fn delete(&mut self, _key: TableKey<Bytes>, _old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
         panic!("should not operate on the panic state store!");
     }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/row_serde/row_serde_util.rs b/src/storage/src/row_serde/row_serde_util.rs
index d426789829797..b8ef0dba29fec 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/row_serde/row_serde_util.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/row_serde/row_serde_util.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::util::row_serde::OrderedRowSerde;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 
 pub fn serialize_pk(pk: impl Row, serializer: &OrderedRowSerde) -> Bytes {
     let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(pk.len());
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ pub fn serialize_pk_with_vnode(
     pk: impl Row,
     serializer: &OrderedRowSerde,
     vnode: VirtualNode,
-) -> Bytes {
+) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
     let mut buffer = BytesMut::new();
     buffer.put_slice(&vnode.to_be_bytes()[..]);
     pk.memcmp_serialize_into(serializer, &mut buffer);
-    buffer.freeze()
+    TableKey(buffer.freeze())
 }
 
 pub fn deserialize_pk_with_vnode(
diff --git a/src/storage/src/store.rs b/src/storage/src/store.rs
index 4150e31d616e8..2cef99ab4e651 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/store.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, EpochPair};
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, KeyPayloadType};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockReadEpoch, LocalSstableInfo};
 use risingwave_hummock_trace::{
     TracedInitOptions, TracedNewLocalOptions, TracedPrefetchOptions, TracedReadOptions,
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ use crate::error::{StorageError, StorageResult};
 use crate::hummock::CachePolicy;
 use crate::monitor::{MonitoredStateStore, MonitoredStorageMetrics};
 use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
-use crate::write_batch::WriteBatch;
 
 pub trait StaticSendSync = Send + Sync + 'static;
 
@@ -70,8 +69,6 @@ pub type StateStoreIterItem = (FullKey<Bytes>, Bytes);
 pub trait StateStoreIterItemStream = Stream<Item = StorageResult<StateStoreIterItem>> + Send;
 pub trait StateStoreReadIterStream = StateStoreIterItemStream + 'static;
 
-pub type IterKeyRange = (Bound<KeyPayloadType>, Bound<KeyPayloadType>);
-
 pub trait StateStoreRead: StaticSendSync {
     type IterStream: StateStoreReadIterStream;
 
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ pub trait StateStoreRead: StaticSendSync {
     /// The result is based on a snapshot corresponding to the given `epoch`.
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_;
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ pub trait StateStoreRead: StaticSendSync {
     /// corresponding to the given `epoch`.
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + Send + '_;
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ pub trait StateStoreReadExt: StaticSendSync {
     /// By default, this simply calls `StateStore::iter` to fetch elements.
     fn scan(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         limit: Option<usize>,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ pub trait StateStoreReadExt: StaticSendSync {
 impl<S: StateStoreRead> StateStoreReadExt for S {
     async fn scan(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         epoch: u64,
         limit: Option<usize>,
         mut read_options: ReadOptions,
@@ -151,18 +148,10 @@ pub trait StateStoreWrite: StaticSendSync {
     ///   per-key modification history (e.g. in compaction), not across different keys.
     fn ingest_batch(
         &self,
-        kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+        kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
         write_options: WriteOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<usize>> + Send + '_;
-
-    /// Creates a `WriteBatch` associated with this state store.
-    fn start_write_batch(&self, write_options: WriteOptions) -> WriteBatch<'_, Self>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        WriteBatch::new(self, write_options)
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
@@ -213,7 +202,7 @@ pub trait LocalStateStore: StaticSendSync {
     /// The result is based on the latest written snapshot.
     fn get(
         &self,
-        key: Bytes,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_;
 
@@ -224,16 +213,21 @@ pub trait LocalStateStore: StaticSendSync {
     /// snapshot.
     fn iter(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_;
 
     /// Inserts a key-value entry associated with a given `epoch` into the state store.
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: Bytes, new_val: Bytes, old_val: Option<Bytes>) -> StorageResult<()>;
+    fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+        new_val: Bytes,
+        old_val: Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> StorageResult<()>;
 
     /// Deletes a key-value entry from the state store. Only the key-value entry with epoch smaller
     /// than the given `epoch` will be deleted.
-    fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()>;
+    fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()>;
 
     fn flush(
         &mut self,
@@ -268,7 +262,7 @@ pub trait LocalStateStore: StaticSendSync {
     /// - true: `key_range` may or may not exist in storage.
     fn may_exist(
         &self,
-        key_range: IterKeyRange,
+        key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<bool>> + Send + '_;
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
index 54d79c11d741f..7c6220a8cc868 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ pub mod verify {
     use bytes::Bytes;
     use futures::{pin_mut, TryStreamExt};
     use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
     use tracing::log::warn;
 
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ pub mod verify {
 
         async fn get(
             &self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ pub mod verify {
         #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
         fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ pub mod verify {
     impl<A: StateStoreWrite, E: StateStoreWrite> StateStoreWrite for VerifyStateStore<A, E> {
         async fn ingest_batch(
             &self,
-            kv_pairs: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
+            kv_pairs: Vec<(TableKey<Bytes>, StorageValue)>,
             delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
             write_options: WriteOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
@@ -379,13 +380,17 @@ pub mod verify {
         // be consistent across different state store backends.
         fn may_exist(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<bool>> + Send + '_ {
             self.actual.may_exist(key_range, read_options)
         }
 
-        async fn get(&self, key: Bytes, read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+        async fn get(
+            &self,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+            read_options: ReadOptions,
+        ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
             let actual = self.actual.get(key.clone(), read_options.clone()).await;
             if let Some(expected) = &self.expected {
                 let expected = expected.get(key, read_options).await;
@@ -397,7 +402,7 @@ pub mod verify {
         #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
         fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
             async move {
@@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ pub mod verify {
 
         fn insert(
             &mut self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             new_val: Bytes,
             old_val: Option<Bytes>,
         ) -> StorageResult<()> {
@@ -429,7 +434,7 @@ pub mod verify {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
             if let Some(expected) = &mut self.expected {
                 expected.delete(key.clone(), old_val.clone())?;
             }
@@ -737,6 +742,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     use bytes::Bytes;
     use futures::stream::BoxStream;
     use futures::StreamExt;
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 
     use crate::error::StorageResult;
@@ -752,14 +758,14 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     pub trait DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead: StaticSendSync {
         async fn get(
             &self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>;
 
         async fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<BoxStateStoreReadIterStream>;
@@ -769,7 +775,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     impl<S: StateStoreRead> DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead for S {
         async fn get(
             &self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
@@ -778,7 +784,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         async fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<BoxStateStoreReadIterStream> {
@@ -792,26 +798,30 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     pub trait DynamicDispatchedLocalStateStore: StaticSendSync {
         async fn may_exist(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<bool>;
 
-        async fn get(&self, key: Bytes, read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>;
+        async fn get(
+            &self,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+            read_options: ReadOptions,
+        ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>;
 
         async fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<BoxLocalStateStoreIterStream<'_>>;
 
         fn insert(
             &mut self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             new_val: Bytes,
             old_val: Option<Bytes>,
         ) -> StorageResult<()>;
 
-        fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()>;
+        fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()>;
 
         async fn flush(
             &mut self,
@@ -831,19 +841,23 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     impl<S: LocalStateStore> DynamicDispatchedLocalStateStore for S {
         async fn may_exist(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<bool> {
             self.may_exist(key_range, read_options).await
         }
 
-        async fn get(&self, key: Bytes, read_options: ReadOptions) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
+        async fn get(
+            &self,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
+            read_options: ReadOptions,
+        ) -> StorageResult<Option<Bytes>> {
             self.get(key, read_options).await
         }
 
         async fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> StorageResult<BoxLocalStateStoreIterStream<'_>> {
             Ok(self.iter(key_range, read_options).await?.boxed())
@@ -851,14 +865,14 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn insert(
             &mut self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             new_val: Bytes,
             old_val: Option<Bytes>,
         ) -> StorageResult<()> {
             self.insert(key, new_val, old_val)
         }
 
-        fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
             self.delete(key, old_val)
         }
 
@@ -893,7 +907,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn may_exist(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<bool>> + Send + '_ {
             self.deref().may_exist(key_range, read_options)
@@ -901,7 +915,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn get(
             &self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_ {
             self.deref().get(key, read_options)
@@ -909,7 +923,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream<'_>>> + Send + '_ {
             self.deref().iter(key_range, read_options)
@@ -917,14 +931,14 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn insert(
             &mut self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             new_val: Bytes,
             old_val: Option<Bytes>,
         ) -> StorageResult<()> {
             self.deref_mut().insert(key, new_val, old_val)
         }
 
-        fn delete(&mut self, key: Bytes, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
             self.deref_mut().delete(key, old_val)
         }
 
@@ -1006,7 +1020,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn get(
             &self,
-            key: Bytes,
+            key: TableKey<Bytes>,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Option<Bytes>>> + Send + '_ {
@@ -1015,7 +1029,7 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
 
         fn iter(
             &self,
-            key_range: IterKeyRange,
+            key_range: TableKeyRange,
             epoch: u64,
             read_options: ReadOptions,
         ) -> impl Future<Output = StorageResult<Self::IterStream>> + '_ {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs b/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
index dc386a719ec22..e4eb65b8b9f42 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ use risingwave_common::util::row_serde::*;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::column_aware_row_encoding::ColumnAwareSerde;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{BasicSerde, EitherSerde};
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{end_bound_of_prefix, next_key, prefixed_range};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{
+    end_bound_of_prefix, map_table_key_range, next_key, prefixed_range, TableKeyRange,
+};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 use tracing::trace;
 
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInner<S, SD> {
 
         // For each key range, construct an iterator.
         let iterators: Vec<_> = try_join_all(raw_key_ranges.map(|raw_key_range| {
+            let table_key_range = map_table_key_range(raw_key_range);
             let prefix_hint = prefix_hint.clone();
             let read_backup = matches!(wait_epoch, HummockReadEpoch::Backup(_));
             async move {
@@ -473,7 +476,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInner<S, SD> {
                     self.value_output_indices.clone(),
                     self.output_row_in_key_indices.clone(),
                     self.row_serde.clone(),
-                    raw_key_range,
+                    table_key_range,
                     read_options,
                     wait_epoch,
                 )
@@ -680,13 +683,13 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInnerIterInner<S, SD> {
         value_output_indices: Vec<usize>,
         output_row_in_key_indices: Vec<usize>,
         row_deserializer: Arc<SD>,
-        raw_key_range: (Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>),
+        table_key_range: TableKeyRange,
         read_options: ReadOptions,
         epoch: HummockReadEpoch,
     ) -> StorageResult<Self> {
         let raw_epoch = epoch.get_epoch();
         store.try_wait_epoch(epoch).await?;
-        let iter = store.iter(raw_key_range, raw_epoch, read_options).await?;
+        let iter = store.iter(table_key_range, raw_epoch, read_options).await?;
         // For `HummockStorage`, a cluster recovery will clear storage data and make subsequent
         // `HummockReadEpoch::Current` read incomplete.
         // `validate_read_epoch` is a safeguard against that incorrect read. It rejects the read
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index f31235c42da0b..9c2a5f005bf55 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use futures::stream::select_all;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::CachePolicy;
 use risingwave_storage::store::{PrefetchOptions, ReadOptions};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
     async fn init(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
         let first_write_epoch = self.rx.init().await;
         let streams = try_join_all(self.serde.vnodes().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-            let range_start = Bytes::from(Vec::from(vnode.to_be_bytes()));
+            let range_start = TableKey(Bytes::from(Vec::from(vnode.to_be_bytes())));
             let range_end = self.serde.serialize_epoch(vnode, first_write_epoch);
             let table_id = self.table_id;
             let state_store = self.state_store.clone();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
index 15825e9f275e6..ebe4f2a578dd3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{
     BasicSerde, ValueRowDeserializer, ValueRowSerializer,
 };
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::next_key;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TableKey};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::row_serde_util::serialize_pk_with_vnode;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::value_serde::ValueRowSerdeNew;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         seq_id: SeqIdType,
         op: Op,
         row: impl Row,
-    ) -> (VirtualNode, Bytes, Bytes) {
+    ) -> (VirtualNode, TableKey<Bytes>, Bytes) {
         let pk = [
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(Self::encode_epoch(epoch))),
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(seq_id)),
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         epoch: u64,
         vnode: VirtualNode,
         is_checkpoint: bool,
-    ) -> (Bytes, Bytes) {
+    ) -> (TableKey<Bytes>, Bytes) {
         let pk = [Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(Self::encode_epoch(epoch))), None];
 
         let op_code = if is_checkpoint {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         (key_bytes, value_bytes)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn serialize_epoch(&self, vnode: VirtualNode, epoch: u64) -> Bytes {
+    pub(crate) fn serialize_epoch(&self, vnode: VirtualNode, epoch: u64) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
         serialize_pk_with_vnode(
             [Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(Self::encode_epoch(epoch)))],
             &self.epoch_serde,
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         vnode: VirtualNode,
         epoch: u64,
         seq_id: SeqIdType,
-    ) -> Bytes {
+    ) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
         serialize_pk_with_vnode(
             [
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(Self::encode_epoch(epoch))),
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
     use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
-    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, TableKey};
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::FullKey;
     use risingwave_storage::store::StateStoreReadIterStream;
     use risingwave_storage::table::DEFAULT_VNODE;
     use tokio::sync::oneshot;
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
-            assert!(key < delete_range_right1);
+            assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right1);
             serialized_keys.push(key);
             let (decoded_epoch, row_op) = serde.deserialize(value).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(decoded_epoch, epoch);
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ mod tests {
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-        assert!(key < delete_range_right1);
+        assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right1);
         serialized_keys.push(key);
 
         seq_id = 1;
@@ -657,8 +657,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
-            assert!(key >= delete_range_right1);
-            assert!(key < delete_range_right2);
+            assert!(key.as_ref() >= delete_range_right1);
+            assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right2);
             serialized_keys.push(key);
             let (decoded_epoch, row_op) = serde.deserialize(value).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(decoded_epoch, epoch);
@@ -683,8 +683,8 @@ mod tests {
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-        assert!(key >= delete_range_right1);
-        assert!(key < delete_range_right2);
+        assert!(key.as_ref() >= delete_range_right1);
+        assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right2);
         serialized_keys.push(key);
 
         assert_eq!(serialized_keys.len(), 2 * rows.len() + 2);
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ mod tests {
             .map(|(op, row)| {
                 let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, *seq_id, op, row);
                 *seq_id += 1;
-                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, TableKey(key), epoch), value))
+                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, epoch), value))
             })
             .collect_vec();
         (
@@ -790,14 +790,14 @@ mod tests {
             let serde = serde.clone();
             async move {
                 let (key, value) = serde.serialize_barrier(EPOCH1, DEFAULT_VNODE, false);
-                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, TableKey(key), EPOCH1), value))
+                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, EPOCH1), value))
             }
         }));
         let (row_stream, tx2) = gen_row_stream(serde.clone(), ops, rows, EPOCH2, seq_id);
         let stream = stream.chain(row_stream).chain(stream::once({
             async move {
                 let (key, value) = serde.serialize_barrier(EPOCH2, DEFAULT_VNODE, true);
-                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, TableKey(key), EPOCH2), value))
+                Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, EPOCH2), value))
             }
         }));
         (stream, tx1, tx2)
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index 045fb1fdaeba9..2d06a3721a8c3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ use risingwave_common::util::row_serde::OrderedRowSerde;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::BasicSerde;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{
-    end_bound_of_prefix, next_key, prefixed_range, range_of_prefix, start_bound_of_excluded_prefix,
+    end_bound_of_prefix, map_table_key_range, next_key, prefixed_range, range_of_prefix,
+    start_bound_of_excluded_prefix, TableKey,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_storage::error::{StorageError, StorageResult};
@@ -717,21 +718,21 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert_inner(&mut self, key_bytes: Bytes, value_bytes: Bytes) {
+    fn insert_inner(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, value_bytes: Bytes) {
         self.local_store
-            .insert(key_bytes, value_bytes, None)
+            .insert(key, value_bytes, None)
             .unwrap_or_else(|e| self.handle_mem_table_error(e));
     }
 
-    fn delete_inner(&mut self, key_bytes: Bytes, value_bytes: Bytes) {
+    fn delete_inner(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, value_bytes: Bytes) {
         self.local_store
-            .delete(key_bytes, value_bytes)
+            .delete(key, value_bytes)
             .unwrap_or_else(|e| self.handle_mem_table_error(e));
     }
 
     fn update_inner(
         &mut self,
-        key_bytes: Bytes,
+        key_bytes: TableKey<Bytes>,
         old_value_bytes: Option<Bytes>,
         new_value_bytes: Bytes,
     ) {
@@ -855,13 +856,13 @@ where
                                 if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                     self.watermark_cache.insert(pk);
                                 }
-                                self.insert_inner(key_bytes, value);
+                                self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                             }
                             Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
                                 if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                     self.watermark_cache.delete(pk);
                                 }
-                                self.delete_inner(key_bytes, value);
+                                self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -874,13 +875,13 @@ where
                             if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                 self.watermark_cache.insert(pk);
                             }
-                            self.insert_inner(key_bytes, value);
+                            self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                         }
                         Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
                             if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                 self.watermark_cache.delete(pk);
                             }
-                            self.delete_inner(key_bytes, value);
+                            self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1147,8 +1148,9 @@ where
             prefetch_options,
             cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
         };
+        let table_key_range = map_table_key_range(key_range);
 
-        Ok(self.local_store.iter(key_range, read_options).await?)
+        Ok(self.local_store.iter(table_key_range, read_options).await?)
     }
 
     /// This function scans raw key-values from the relational table with specific `pk_prefix`.
@@ -1255,7 +1257,7 @@ where
         // If this assertion fails, then something must be wrong with the operator implementation or
         // the distribution derivation from the optimizer.
         let vnode = self.compute_prefix_vnode(&pk_prefix).to_be_bytes();
-        let encoded_key_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(encoded_key_range, &vnode);
+        let table_key_range = map_table_key_range(prefixed_range(encoded_key_range, &vnode));
 
         // Construct prefix hint for prefix bloom filter.
         if self.prefix_hint_len != 0 {
@@ -1284,7 +1286,7 @@ where
         };
 
         self.local_store
-            .may_exist(encoded_key_range_with_vnode, read_options)
+            .may_exist(table_key_range, read_options)
             .await
             .map_err(Into::into)
     }
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
index db248ad788fba..3e2f993cf9613 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_common::config::{
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{CompactionGroupId, HummockEpoch, FIRST_VERSION_ID};
 use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerType;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta};
@@ -619,10 +620,11 @@ async fn open_hummock_iters(
     buf.put_u32(table_id);
     let b = buf.freeze();
     let range = (
-        Bound::Included(b.clone()),
+        Bound::Included(b.clone()).map(TableKey),
         Bound::Excluded(Bytes::from(risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::next_key(
             b.as_ref(),
-        ))),
+        )))
+        .map(TableKey),
     );
 
     for &epoch in snapshots {
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index 258fb62d3b740..5b53ba70b86bd 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::hummock::PROPERTIES_RETENTION_SECOND_KEY;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::config::{extract_storage_memory_config, load_config, NoOverride, RwConfig};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_hummock_test::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use risingwave_hummock_test::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ impl NormalState {
     async fn get_impl(&self, key: &[u8], ignore_range_tombstone: bool) -> Option<Bytes> {
         self.storage
             .get(
-                Bytes::copy_from_slice(key),
+                TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(key)),
                 ReadOptions {
                     prefix_hint: None,
                     ignore_range_tombstone,
@@ -445,8 +446,8 @@ impl NormalState {
             .storage
             .iter(
                 (
-                    Bound::Included(Bytes::copy_from_slice(left)),
-                    Bound::Excluded(Bytes::copy_from_slice(right)),
+                    Bound::Included(TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(left))),
+                    Bound::Excluded(TableKey(Bytes::copy_from_slice(right))),
                 ),
                 ReadOptions {
                     prefix_hint: None,
@@ -477,8 +478,8 @@ impl CheckState for NormalState {
             self.storage
                 .iter(
                     (
-                        Bound::Included(Bytes::copy_from_slice(left)),
-                        Bound::Excluded(Bytes::copy_from_slice(right)),
+                        Bound::Included(Bytes::copy_from_slice(left)).map(TableKey),
+                        Bound::Excluded(Bytes::copy_from_slice(right)).map(TableKey),
                     ),
                     ReadOptions {
                         prefix_hint: None,
@@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ impl CheckState for NormalState {
         let mut delete_item = Vec::new();
         while let Some(item) = iter.next().await {
             let (full_key, value) = item.unwrap();
-            delete_item.push((full_key.user_key.table_key.0, value));
+            delete_item.push((full_key.user_key.table_key, value));
         }
         drop(iter);
         for (key, value) in delete_item {
@@ -506,7 +507,11 @@ impl CheckState for NormalState {
 
     fn insert(&mut self, key: &[u8], val: &[u8]) {
         self.storage
-            .insert(Bytes::from(key.to_vec()), Bytes::copy_from_slice(val), None)
+            .insert(
+                TableKey(Bytes::from(key.to_vec())),
+                Bytes::copy_from_slice(val),
+                None,
+            )
             .unwrap();
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/lib.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/lib.rs
index bbd1174d0c7fe..0bb1a990eebb7 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/lib.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #![warn(clippy::no_effect_underscore_binding)]
 #![warn(clippy::await_holding_lock)]
 #![deny(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
+#![feature(bound_map)]
 
 mod compaction_test_runner;
 mod delete_range_runner;

From 44b8ae8fe992316df45bb92ab314520b3bd4f779 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:48:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 111/430] refactor(common): remove `Vis` (#12379)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 .../src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs      |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs  |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs          |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/insert.rs              |   3 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs      |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/join/mod.rs            |  27 +-
 .../src/executor/join/nested_loop_join.rs     |   6 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/limit.rs               |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/source.rs              |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs          |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/update.rs              |   2 +-
 .../task/consistent_hash_shuffle_channel.rs   |   8 +-
 src/batch/src/task/hash_shuffle_channel.rs    |   8 +-
 src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs         |   2 +-
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs            | 254 ++++-----
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs       |   2 +-
 src/common/src/array/mod.rs                   |   2 -
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs          |  49 +-
 src/common/src/array/struct_array.rs          |   2 +-
 src/common/src/array/vis.rs                   | 513 ------------------
 src/common/src/buffer/bitmap.rs               |  12 +
 src/common/src/hash/key_v2.rs                 |   6 +-
 src/common/src/test_utils/rand_bitmap.rs      |   3 +
 .../src/test_utils/rand_stream_chunk.rs       |  36 +-
 .../src/test_utils/test_stream_chunk.rs       |   2 +-
 src/common/src/util/chunk_coalesce.rs         |  54 +-
 src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs                |   4 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               |   1 -
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             |   8 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     |  83 ++-
 src/expr/src/agg/general.rs                   |  23 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs     |   5 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs     |  18 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs                |  17 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs            |  22 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs                  |   4 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs            |  32 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs                 |   8 +-
 src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs   |   6 +-
 src/source/src/table.rs                       |  13 +-
 src/storage/src/table/mod.rs                  |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/common/builder.rs              |   1 -
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    |  52 +-
 .../src/common/table/test_state_table.rs      |   7 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs     |   5 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs     |   7 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs      |  17 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs    |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs     |  12 +-
 .../src/executor/dedup/append_only_dedup.rs   |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs           |  14 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs     |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/expand.rs             |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs             |   9 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           |  14 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs         |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs  |   1 -
 src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs              |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs  |  30 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs   |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project.rs            |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/row_id_gen.rs         |   2 +-
 .../src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs      |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/utils.rs        |   4 +-
 64 files changed, 396 insertions(+), 1071 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/common/src/array/vis.rs

diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
index 6723cd9b926ac..9ce4b2dc66112 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Distinct {
         let state = state.downcast_mut::<State>();
 
         let mut bitmap_builder = BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(input.capacity());
-        bitmap_builder.append_bitmap(&input.data_chunk().vis().to_bitmap());
+        bitmap_builder.append_bitmap(input.data_chunk().visibility());
         for row_id in range.clone() {
             let (row_ref, vis) = input.data_chunk().row_at(row_id);
             let row = row_ref.to_owned_row();
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Distinct {
             }
             bitmap_builder.set(row_id, b);
         }
-        let input = input.with_visibility(bitmap_builder.finish().into());
+        let input = input.clone_with_vis(bitmap_builder.finish());
         self.inner
             .update_range(&mut state.inner, &input, range)
             .await
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
index 9b85c2fbdddee..06e8d894d5278 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Filter {
             .as_bool()
             .to_bitmap();
         let mut input1 = input.clone();
-        input1.set_vis(input.vis() & &bitmap);
+        input1.set_visibility(input.visibility() & &bitmap);
         self.inner.update_range(state, &input1, range).await
     }
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index 06e257456dd5d..85e485db00376 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval};
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
         #[for_await]
         for data_chunk in child.execute() {
             let data_chunk = data_chunk?;
-            assert!(matches!(data_chunk.vis(), Vis::Compact(_)));
+            assert!(data_chunk.is_compacted());
             let len = data_chunk.cardinality();
             for i in 0..units {
                 let window_start_col = if output_indices.contains(&window_start_col_index) {
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/insert.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/insert.rs
index e0f4816e9a4bd..28e8dda8a5979 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/insert.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/insert.rs
@@ -157,8 +157,7 @@ impl InsertExecutor {
                 columns.insert(row_id_index, Arc::new(row_id_col.into()))
             }
 
-            let stream_chunk =
-                StreamChunk::new(vec![Op::Insert; cap], columns, vis.into_visibility());
+            let stream_chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(vec![Op::Insert; cap], columns, vis);
 
             #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
             table_dml_handle.check_chunk_schema(&stream_chunk);
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
index a1badeadf3873..633f9243f0eeb 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
@@ -1905,8 +1905,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     fn is_data_chunk_eq(left: &DataChunk, right: &DataChunk) -> bool {
-        assert!(left.visibility().is_none());
-        assert!(right.visibility().is_none());
+        assert!(left.is_compacted());
+        assert!(right.is_compacted());
 
         if left.cardinality() != right.cardinality() {
             return false;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/mod.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/mod.rs
index 996e45e26f031..320c4a27a037d 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/mod.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 pub use local_lookup_join::*;
 pub use lookup_join_base::*;
 pub use nested_loop_join::*;
-use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, RowRef, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, RowRef};
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef};
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ fn concatenate(left: &DataChunk, right: &DataChunk) -> Result<DataChunk> {
     concated_columns.extend_from_slice(left.columns());
     concated_columns.extend_from_slice(right.columns());
     // Only handle one side is constant row chunk: One of visibility must be None.
-    let vis = match (left.vis(), right.vis()) {
-        (Vis::Compact(_), _) => right.vis().clone(),
-        (_, Vis::Compact(_)) => left.vis().clone(),
-        (Vis::Bitmap(_), Vis::Bitmap(_)) => {
+    let vis = match (left.is_compacted(), right.is_compacted()) {
+        (true, _) => right.visibility().clone(),
+        (_, true) => left.visibility().clone(),
+        (false, false) => {
             return Err(BatchError::UnsupportedFunction(
                 "The concatenate behaviour of two chunk with visibility is undefined".to_string(),
             )
@@ -176,7 +176,8 @@ fn convert_row_to_chunk(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
-    use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, DataChunk, PrimitiveArrayBuilder, Vis};
+    use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, DataChunk, PrimitiveArrayBuilder};
+    use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
     use risingwave_common::row::Row;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl};
@@ -196,20 +197,14 @@ mod tests {
             let arr = builder.finish();
             columns.push(arr.into_ref())
         }
-        let chunk1: DataChunk = DataChunk::new(columns.clone(), length);
-        let bool_vec = vec![true, false, true, false, false];
-        let chunk2: DataChunk = DataChunk::new(
-            columns.clone(),
-            Vis::Bitmap((bool_vec.clone()).into_iter().collect()),
-        );
+        let chunk1 = DataChunk::new(columns.clone(), length);
+        let visibility = Bitmap::from_bool_slice(&[true, false, true, false, false]);
+        let chunk2 = DataChunk::new(columns.clone(), visibility.clone());
         let chunk = concatenate(&chunk1, &chunk2).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(chunk.capacity(), chunk1.capacity());
         assert_eq!(chunk.capacity(), chunk2.capacity());
         assert_eq!(chunk.columns().len(), chunk1.columns().len() * 2);
-        assert_eq!(
-            chunk.visibility().cloned().unwrap(),
-            (bool_vec).into_iter().collect()
-        );
+        assert_eq!(chunk.visibility(), &visibility);
     }
 
     /// Test the function of convert row into constant row chunk (one row repeat multiple times).
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/nested_loop_join.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/nested_loop_join.rs
index 21409e568ce6d..a52faf35dc724 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/nested_loop_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/nested_loop_join.rs
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl NestedLoopJoinExecutor {
                 .await?;
                 if chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                     // chunk.visibility() must be Some(_)
-                    matched = &matched | chunk.visibility().unwrap();
+                    matched = &matched | chunk.visibility();
                     for spilled in chunk_builder.append_chunk(chunk) {
                         yield spilled
                     }
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ impl NestedLoopJoinExecutor {
                 .await?;
                 if chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                     // chunk.visibility() must be Some(_)
-                    matched = &matched | chunk.visibility().unwrap();
+                    matched = &matched | chunk.visibility();
                 }
             }
             if ANTI_JOIN {
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ impl NestedLoopJoinExecutor {
                 .await?;
                 if chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                     left_matched.set(left_row_idx, true);
-                    right_matched = &right_matched | chunk.visibility().unwrap();
+                    right_matched = &right_matched | chunk.visibility();
                     for spilled in chunk_builder.append_chunk(chunk) {
                         yield spilled
                     }
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/limit.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/limit.rs
index 970b9a2815828..7828974d64c03 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/limit.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/limit.rs
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ impl LimitExecutor {
             }
             // process chunk
             let mut new_vis;
-            if let Some(old_vis) = data_chunk.visibility() {
-                new_vis = old_vis.iter().collect_vec();
+            if !data_chunk.is_compacted() {
+                new_vis = data_chunk.visibility().iter().collect_vec();
                 for vis in new_vis.iter_mut().filter(|x| **x) {
                     if skipped < self.offset {
                         skipped += 1;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
index 78733420c9158..71cac6e917dc3 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl SourceExecutor {
 
 fn covert_stream_chunk_to_batch_chunk(chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<DataChunk> {
     // chunk read from source must be compact
-    assert!(chunk.data_chunk().visibility().is_none());
+    assert!(chunk.data_chunk().is_compacted());
 
     if chunk.ops().iter().any(|op| *op != Op::Insert) {
         return Err(RwError::from(BatchError::Internal(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index 0b7e684348338..153184b9bdffc 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ pub async fn diff_executor_output(actual: BoxedExecutor, expect: BoxedExecutor)
 }
 
 fn is_data_chunk_eq(left: &DataChunk, right: &DataChunk) {
-    assert!(left.visibility().is_none());
-    assert!(right.visibility().is_none());
+    assert!(left.is_compacted());
+    assert!(right.is_compacted());
 
     assert_eq!(
         left.cardinality(),
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/update.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/update.rs
index cf71a0f97ab46..e3d2d9f03bf3a 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/update.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/update.rs
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ impl UpdateExecutor {
                     columns.push(column);
                 }
 
-                DataChunk::new(columns, data_chunk.vis().clone())
+                DataChunk::new(columns, data_chunk.visibility().clone())
             };
 
             if self.returning {
diff --git a/src/batch/src/task/consistent_hash_shuffle_channel.rs b/src/batch/src/task/consistent_hash_shuffle_channel.rs
index 336b8c98c2879..a9f3bc1b078ac 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/task/consistent_hash_shuffle_channel.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/task/consistent_hash_shuffle_channel.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::ops::BitAnd;
 use std::option::Option;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -89,12 +88,7 @@ fn generate_new_data_chunks(
     });
     let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(output_count);
     for (sink_id, vis_map_vec) in vis_maps.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        let vis_map: Bitmap = vis_map_vec.into_iter().collect();
-        let vis_map = if let Some(visibility) = chunk.visibility() {
-            vis_map.bitand(visibility)
-        } else {
-            vis_map
-        };
+        let vis_map = Bitmap::from_bool_slice(&vis_map_vec) & chunk.visibility();
         let new_data_chunk = chunk.with_visibility(vis_map);
         trace!(
             "send to sink:{}, cardinality:{}",
diff --git a/src/batch/src/task/hash_shuffle_channel.rs b/src/batch/src/task/hash_shuffle_channel.rs
index b07d5091249cd..8ea78a838f18a 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/task/hash_shuffle_channel.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/task/hash_shuffle_channel.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::ops::BitAnd;
 use std::option::Option;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -86,12 +85,7 @@ fn generate_new_data_chunks(
     });
     let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(output_count);
     for (sink_id, vis_map_vec) in vis_maps.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        let vis_map: Bitmap = vis_map_vec.into_iter().collect();
-        let vis_map = if let Some(visibility) = chunk.visibility() {
-            vis_map.bitand(visibility)
-        } else {
-            vis_map
-        };
+        let vis_map = Bitmap::from_bool_slice(&vis_map_vec) & chunk.visibility();
         let new_data_chunk = chunk.with_visibility(vis_map);
         trace!(
             "send to sink:{}, cardinality:{}",
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
index d64aa47c6769c..c009621af2135 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
 use crate::row::{Project, RowExt};
 use crate::util::hash_util::Crc32FastBuilder;
 
-/// Compact the stream chunks with just modify the `Ops` and `Vis` of the chunk. Currently, two
+/// Compact the stream chunks with just modify the `Ops` and visibility of the chunk. Currently, two
 /// transformation will be applied
 /// - remove intermediate operation of the same key. The operations of the same stream key will only
 ///   have three kind of patterns Insert, Delete or Update.
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
index 657dfd3c366f9..58844ca2e4371 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
 use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
 use risingwave_pb::data::PbDataChunk;
 
-use super::{Array, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, ArrayResult, StructArray, Vis};
+use super::{Array, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, ArrayResult, StructArray};
 use crate::array::data_chunk_iter::RowRef;
 use crate::array::ArrayBuilderImpl;
 use crate::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
@@ -64,24 +64,25 @@ use crate::util::value_encoding::{
 #[must_use]
 pub struct DataChunk {
     columns: Arc<[ArrayRef]>,
-    vis2: Vis,
+    visibility: Bitmap,
 }
 
 impl DataChunk {
     pub(crate) const PRETTY_TABLE_PRESET: &'static str = "||--+-++|    ++++++";
 
-    /// Create a `DataChunk` with `columns` and visibility. The visibility can either be a `Bitmap`
-    /// or a simple cardinality number.
-    pub fn new<V: Into<Vis>>(columns: Vec<ArrayRef>, vis: V) -> Self {
-        let vis: Vis = vis.into();
-        let capacity = vis.len();
+    /// Create a `DataChunk` with `columns` and visibility.
+    ///
+    /// The visibility can either be a `Bitmap` or a simple cardinality number.
+    pub fn new(columns: Vec<ArrayRef>, visibility: impl Into<Bitmap>) -> Self {
+        let visibility = visibility.into();
+        let capacity = visibility.len();
         for column in &columns {
             assert_eq!(capacity, column.len());
         }
 
         DataChunk {
             columns: columns.into(),
-            vis2: vis,
+            visibility,
         }
     }
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ impl DataChunk {
     pub fn new_dummy(cardinality: usize) -> Self {
         DataChunk {
             columns: Arc::new([]),
-            vis2: Vis::Compact(cardinality),
+            visibility: Bitmap::ones(cardinality),
         }
     }
 
@@ -115,28 +116,22 @@ impl DataChunk {
 
     /// Return the next visible row index on or after `row_idx`.
     pub fn next_visible_row_idx(&self, row_idx: usize) -> Option<usize> {
-        match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Bitmap(vis) => vis.next_set_bit(row_idx),
-            Vis::Compact(cardinality) => {
-                if row_idx < *cardinality {
-                    Some(row_idx)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        self.visibility.next_set_bit(row_idx)
     }
 
-    pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Vec<ArrayRef>, Vis) {
-        (self.columns.to_vec(), self.vis2)
+    pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Vec<ArrayRef>, Bitmap) {
+        (self.columns.to_vec(), self.visibility)
     }
 
-    pub fn into_parts_v2(self) -> (Arc<[ArrayRef]>, Vis) {
-        (self.columns, self.vis2)
+    pub fn into_parts_v2(self) -> (Arc<[ArrayRef]>, Bitmap) {
+        (self.columns, self.visibility)
     }
 
-    pub fn from_parts(columns: Arc<[ArrayRef]>, vis2: Vis) -> Self {
-        Self { columns, vis2 }
+    pub fn from_parts(columns: Arc<[ArrayRef]>, visibilities: Bitmap) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            columns,
+            visibility: visibilities,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn dimension(&self) -> usize {
@@ -145,53 +140,42 @@ impl DataChunk {
 
     /// `cardinality` returns the number of visible tuples
     pub fn cardinality(&self) -> usize {
-        match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => b.count_ones(),
-            Vis::Compact(len) => *len,
-        }
+        self.visibility.count_ones()
     }
 
     /// `capacity` returns physical length of any chunk column
     pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
-        self.vis2.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn vis(&self) -> &Vis {
-        &self.vis2
+        self.visibility.len()
     }
 
     pub fn selectivity(&self) -> f64 {
-        match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => {
-                if b.is_empty() {
-                    0.0
-                } else {
-                    b.count_ones() as f64 / b.len() as f64
-                }
-            }
-            Vis::Compact(_) => 1.0,
+        if self.visibility.is_empty() {
+            0.0
+        } else if self.visibility.all() {
+            1.0
+        } else {
+            self.visibility.count_ones() as f64 / self.visibility.len() as f64
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_visibility(&self, visibility: impl Into<Vis>) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_visibility(&self, visibility: impl Into<Bitmap>) -> Self {
         DataChunk {
             columns: self.columns.clone(),
-            vis2: visibility.into(),
+            visibility: visibility.into(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn visibility(&self) -> Option<&Bitmap> {
-        self.vis2.as_visibility()
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_vis(&mut self, vis: Vis) {
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), self.capacity());
-        self.vis2 = vis;
+    pub fn visibility(&self) -> &Bitmap {
+        &self.visibility
     }
 
     pub fn set_visibility(&mut self, visibility: Bitmap) {
         assert_eq!(visibility.len(), self.capacity());
-        self.vis2 = Vis::Bitmap(visibility);
+        self.visibility = visibility;
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_compacted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.visibility.all()
     }
 
     pub fn column_at(&self, idx: usize) -> &ArrayRef {
@@ -214,16 +198,13 @@ impl DataChunk {
     /// Panics if `idx > columns.len()`.
     pub fn split_column_at(&self, idx: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
         let (left, right) = self.columns.split_at(idx);
-        let left = DataChunk::new(left.to_vec(), self.vis2.clone());
-        let right = DataChunk::new(right.to_vec(), self.vis2.clone());
+        let left = DataChunk::new(left.to_vec(), self.visibility.clone());
+        let right = DataChunk::new(right.to_vec(), self.visibility.clone());
         (left, right)
     }
 
     pub fn to_protobuf(&self) -> PbDataChunk {
-        assert!(
-            matches!(self.vis2, Vis::Compact(_)),
-            "must be compacted before transfer"
-        );
+        assert!(self.visibility.all(), "must be compacted before transfer");
         let mut proto = PbDataChunk {
             cardinality: self.cardinality() as u32,
             columns: Default::default(),
@@ -249,42 +230,38 @@ impl DataChunk {
     /// The main benefit is that the data chunk is smaller, taking up less memory.
     /// We can also save the cost of iterating over many hidden rows.
     pub fn compact(self) -> Self {
-        match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Compact(_) => self,
-            Vis::Bitmap(visibility) => {
-                let cardinality = visibility.count_ones();
-                let columns = self
-                    .columns
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|col| {
-                        let array = col;
-                        array.compact(visibility, cardinality).into()
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                Self::new(columns, cardinality)
-            }
+        if self.visibility.all() {
+            return self;
         }
+        let cardinality = self.visibility.count_ones();
+        let columns = self
+            .columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|col| {
+                let array = col;
+                array.compact(&self.visibility, cardinality).into()
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        Self::new(columns, Bitmap::ones(cardinality))
     }
 
     /// Convert the chunk to compact format.
     ///
     /// If the chunk is not compacted, return a new compacted chunk, otherwise return a reference to self.
     pub fn compact_cow(&self) -> Cow<'_, Self> {
-        match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Compact(_) => Cow::Borrowed(self),
-            Vis::Bitmap(visibility) => {
-                let cardinality = visibility.count_ones();
-                let columns = self
-                    .columns
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|col| {
-                        let array = col;
-                        array.compact(visibility, cardinality).into()
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                Cow::Owned(Self::new(columns, cardinality))
-            }
+        if self.visibility.all() {
+            return Cow::Borrowed(self);
         }
+        let cardinality = self.visibility.count_ones();
+        let columns = self
+            .columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|col| {
+                let array = col;
+                array.compact(&self.visibility, cardinality).into()
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        Cow::Owned(Self::new(columns, Bitmap::ones(cardinality)))
     }
 
     pub fn from_protobuf(proto: &PbDataChunk) -> ArrayResult<Self> {
@@ -406,7 +383,7 @@ impl DataChunk {
     /// * bool - whether this tuple is visible
     pub fn row_at(&self, pos: usize) -> (RowRef<'_>, bool) {
         let row = self.row_at_unchecked_vis(pos);
-        let vis = self.vis2.is_set(pos);
+        let vis = self.visibility.is_set(pos);
         (row, vis)
     }
 
@@ -469,7 +446,7 @@ impl DataChunk {
             .collect();
         DataChunk {
             columns,
-            vis2: self.vis2.clone(),
+            visibility: self.visibility.clone(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -481,16 +458,16 @@ impl DataChunk {
     pub fn project(&self, indices: &[usize]) -> Self {
         Self {
             columns: indices.iter().map(|i| self.columns[*i].clone()).collect(),
-            vis2: self.vis2.clone(),
+            visibility: self.visibility.clone(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Reorder columns and set visibility.
-    pub fn project_with_vis(&self, indices: &[usize], vis: Vis) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), self.capacity());
+    pub fn project_with_vis(&self, indices: &[usize], visibility: Bitmap) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(visibility.len(), self.capacity());
         Self {
             columns: indices.iter().map(|i| self.columns[*i].clone()).collect(),
-            vis2: vis,
+            visibility,
         }
     }
 
@@ -561,57 +538,54 @@ impl DataChunk {
     // Note(bugen): should we exclude the invisible rows in the output so that the caller won't need
     // to handle visibility again?
     pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<Bytes> {
-        let buffers = match &self.vis2 {
-            Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
-                let rows_num = vis.len();
-                let mut buffers: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
-                let (row_len_fixed, col_variable) = self.partition_sizes();
-
-                // First initialize buffer with the right size to avoid re-allocations
-                for i in 0..rows_num {
-                    // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
-                    unsafe {
-                        if vis.is_set_unchecked(i) {
-                            buffers.push(Self::init_buffer(row_len_fixed, &col_variable, i));
-                        } else {
-                            buffers.push(vec![]);
-                        }
+        let buffers = if !self.visibility.all() {
+            let rows_num = self.visibility.len();
+            let mut buffers: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
+            let (row_len_fixed, col_variable) = self.partition_sizes();
+
+            // First initialize buffer with the right size to avoid re-allocations
+            for i in 0..rows_num {
+                // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
+                unsafe {
+                    if self.visibility.is_set_unchecked(i) {
+                        buffers.push(Self::init_buffer(row_len_fixed, &col_variable, i));
+                    } else {
+                        buffers.push(vec![]);
                     }
                 }
+            }
 
-                // Then do the actual serialization
-                for c in &*self.columns {
-                    assert_eq!(c.len(), rows_num);
-                    for (i, buffer) in buffers.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-                        // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
-                        unsafe {
-                            if vis.is_set_unchecked(i) {
-                                serialize_datum_into(c.value_at_unchecked(i), buffer);
-                            }
+            // Then do the actual serialization
+            for c in &*self.columns {
+                assert_eq!(c.len(), rows_num);
+                for (i, buffer) in buffers.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                    // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
+                    unsafe {
+                        if self.visibility.is_set_unchecked(i) {
+                            serialize_datum_into(c.value_at_unchecked(i), buffer);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                buffers
             }
-            Vis::Compact(rows_num) => {
-                let mut buffers: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
-                let (row_len_fixed, col_variable) = self.partition_sizes();
-                for i in 0..*rows_num {
-                    unsafe {
-                        buffers.push(Self::init_buffer(row_len_fixed, &col_variable, i));
-                    }
+            buffers
+        } else {
+            let mut buffers: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
+            let (row_len_fixed, col_variable) = self.partition_sizes();
+            for i in 0..self.visibility.len() {
+                unsafe {
+                    buffers.push(Self::init_buffer(row_len_fixed, &col_variable, i));
                 }
-                for c in &*self.columns {
-                    assert_eq!(c.len(), *rows_num);
-                    for (i, buffer) in buffers.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-                        // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
-                        unsafe {
-                            serialize_datum_into(c.value_at_unchecked(i), buffer);
-                        }
+            }
+            for c in &*self.columns {
+                assert_eq!(c.len(), self.visibility.len());
+                for (i, buffer) in buffers.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                    // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
+                    unsafe {
+                        serialize_datum_into(c.value_at_unchecked(i), buffer);
                     }
                 }
-                buffers
             }
+            buffers
         };
 
         buffers.into_iter().map(|item| item.into()).collect_vec()
@@ -666,7 +640,7 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a StructArray> for DataChunk {
     fn from(array: &'a StructArray) -> Self {
         Self {
             columns: array.fields().cloned().collect(),
-            vis2: Vis::Compact(array.len()),
+            visibility: Bitmap::ones(array.len()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -677,7 +651,7 @@ impl EstimateSize for DataChunk {
             .iter()
             .map(|a| a.estimated_heap_size())
             .sum::<usize>()
-            + self.vis2.estimated_heap_size()
+            + self.visibility.estimated_heap_size()
     }
 }
 
@@ -817,11 +791,7 @@ impl DataChunkTestExt for DataChunk {
             .into_iter()
             .map(|builder| builder.finish().into())
             .collect();
-        let vis = if visibility.iter().all(|b| *b) {
-            Vis::Compact(visibility.len())
-        } else {
-            Vis::Bitmap(Bitmap::from_iter(visibility))
-        };
+        let vis = Bitmap::from_iter(visibility);
         let chunk = DataChunk::new(columns, vis);
         chunk.assert_valid();
         chunk
@@ -851,14 +821,14 @@ impl DataChunkTestExt for DataChunk {
                 builder.finish().into()
             })
             .collect();
-        let chunk = DataChunk::new(new_cols, Vis::Bitmap(new_vis.finish()));
+        let chunk = DataChunk::new(new_cols, new_vis.finish());
         chunk.assert_valid();
         chunk
     }
 
     fn assert_valid(&self) {
         let cols = self.columns();
-        let vis = &self.vis2;
+        let vis = &self.visibility;
         let n = vis.len();
         for col in cols {
             assert_eq!(col.len(), n);
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
index c01ecf0d0f3e8..8e63e442384d8 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'a> {
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         let len = self.chunk.capacity();
-        let vis = self.chunk.vis();
+        let vis = self.chunk.visibility();
         if self.idx == len {
             None
         } else {
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
index 9bccd3f4166a2..2c6e72b500311 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ pub mod stream_record;
 pub mod struct_array;
 mod utf8_array;
 mod value_reader;
-mod vis;
 
 use std::convert::From;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::data::PbArray;
 pub use stream_chunk::{Op, StreamChunk, StreamChunkTestExt};
 pub use struct_array::{StructArray, StructArrayBuilder, StructRef, StructValue};
 pub use utf8_array::*;
-pub use vis::{Vis, VisRef};
 
 pub use self::error::ArrayError;
 pub use crate::array::num256_array::{Int256Array, Int256ArrayBuilder};
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
index 1fe99ad935d76..3175806257e7a 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ use rand::prelude::SmallRng;
 use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
 use risingwave_pb::data::{PbOp, PbStreamChunk};
 
-use super::vis::VisMut;
 use super::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, ArrayResult, DataChunkTestExt, RowRef};
-use crate::array::{DataChunk, Vis};
-use crate::buffer::Bitmap;
+use crate::array::DataChunk;
+use crate::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use crate::catalog::Schema;
 use crate::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use crate::field_generator::VarcharProperty;
@@ -104,21 +103,24 @@ impl Default for StreamChunk {
 }
 
 impl StreamChunk {
-    pub fn new(
+    /// Create a new `StreamChunk` with given ops and columns.
+    pub fn new(ops: impl Into<Arc<[Op]>>, columns: Vec<ArrayRef>) -> Self {
+        let ops = ops.into();
+        let visibility = Bitmap::ones(ops.len());
+        Self::with_visibility(ops, columns, visibility)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new `StreamChunk` with given ops, columns and visibility.
+    pub fn with_visibility(
         ops: impl Into<Arc<[Op]>>,
         columns: Vec<ArrayRef>,
-        visibility: Option<Bitmap>,
+        visibility: Bitmap,
     ) -> Self {
         let ops = ops.into();
         for col in &columns {
             assert_eq!(col.len(), ops.len());
         }
-
-        let vis = match visibility {
-            Some(b) => Vis::Bitmap(b),
-            None => Vis::Compact(ops.len()),
-        };
-        let data = DataChunk::new(columns, vis);
+        let data = DataChunk::new(columns, visibility);
         StreamChunk { ops, data }
     }
 
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ impl StreamChunk {
             .into_iter()
             .map(|builder| builder.finish().into())
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        StreamChunk::new(ops, new_columns, None)
+        StreamChunk::new(ops, new_columns)
     }
 
     /// Get the reference of the underlying data chunk.
@@ -152,25 +154,24 @@ impl StreamChunk {
 
     /// compact the `StreamChunk` with its visibility map
     pub fn compact(self) -> Self {
-        if self.visibility().is_none() {
+        if self.is_compacted() {
             return self;
         }
 
         let (ops, columns, visibility) = self.into_inner();
-        let visibility = visibility.as_visibility().unwrap();
 
         let cardinality = visibility
             .iter()
             .fold(0, |vis_cnt, vis| vis_cnt + vis as usize);
         let columns: Vec<_> = columns
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|col| col.compact(visibility, cardinality).into())
+            .map(|col| col.compact(&visibility, cardinality).into())
             .collect();
         let mut new_ops = Vec::with_capacity(cardinality);
         for idx in visibility.iter_ones() {
             new_ops.push(ops[idx]);
         }
-        StreamChunk::new(new_ops, columns, None)
+        StreamChunk::new(new_ops, columns)
     }
 
     pub fn into_parts(self) -> (DataChunk, Arc<[Op]>) {
@@ -179,10 +180,10 @@ impl StreamChunk {
 
     pub fn from_parts(ops: impl Into<Arc<[Op]>>, data_chunk: DataChunk) -> Self {
         let (columns, vis) = data_chunk.into_parts();
-        Self::new(ops, columns, vis.into_visibility())
+        Self::with_visibility(ops, columns, vis)
     }
 
-    pub fn into_inner(self) -> (Arc<[Op]>, Vec<ArrayRef>, Vis) {
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> (Arc<[Op]>, Vec<ArrayRef>, Bitmap) {
         let (columns, vis) = self.data.into_parts();
         (self.ops, columns, vis)
     }
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ impl StreamChunk {
         for column in prost.get_columns() {
             columns.push(ArrayImpl::from_protobuf(column, cardinality)?.into());
         }
-        Ok(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, None))
+        Ok(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns))
     }
 
     pub fn ops(&self) -> &[Op] {
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ impl StreamChunk {
     }
 
     /// Reorder columns and set visibility.
-    pub fn project_with_vis(&self, indices: &[usize], vis: Vis) -> Self {
+    pub fn project_with_vis(&self, indices: &[usize], vis: Bitmap) -> Self {
         Self {
             ops: self.ops.clone(),
             data: self.data.project_with_vis(indices, vis),
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ impl StreamChunk {
     }
 
     /// Clone the `StreamChunk` with a new visibility.
-    pub fn with_visibility(&self, vis: Vis) -> Self {
+    pub fn clone_with_vis(&self, vis: Bitmap) -> Self {
         Self {
             ops: self.ops.clone(),
             data: self.data.with_visibility(vis),
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ impl From<OpsMut> for Arc<[Op]> {
 pub struct StreamChunkMut {
     columns: Arc<[ArrayRef]>,
     ops: OpsMut,
-    vis: VisMut,
+    vis: BitmapBuilder,
 }
 
 impl From<StreamChunk> for StreamChunkMut {
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ impl From<StreamChunk> for StreamChunkMut {
 
 impl From<StreamChunkMut> for StreamChunk {
     fn from(c: StreamChunkMut) -> Self {
-        StreamChunk::from_parts(c.ops, DataChunk::from_parts(c.columns, c.vis.into()))
+        StreamChunk::from_parts(c.ops, DataChunk::from_parts(c.columns, c.vis.finish()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ impl StreamChunkTestExt for StreamChunk {
     fn valid(&self) -> bool {
         let len = self.ops.len();
         let data = &self.data;
-        data.vis().len() == len && data.columns().iter().all(|col| col.len() == len)
+        data.visibility().len() == len && data.columns().iter().all(|col| col.len() == len)
     }
 
     fn concat(chunks: Vec<StreamChunk>) -> StreamChunk {
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/struct_array.rs b/src/common/src/array/struct_array.rs
index 9dfb23fe4e921..27c5d8c0dc237 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/struct_array.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/struct_array.rs
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl From<DataChunk> for StructArray {
         Self::new(
             StructType::unnamed(chunk.columns().iter().map(|c| c.data_type()).collect()),
             chunk.columns().to_vec(),
-            chunk.vis().to_bitmap(),
+            chunk.visibility().clone(),
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/vis.rs b/src/common/src/array/vis.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5cdb3bcd9ab1a..0000000000000
--- a/src/common/src/array/vis.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,513 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::mem;
-
-use either::Either;
-use itertools::repeat_n;
-
-use crate::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder, BitmapIter, BitmapOnesIter};
-use crate::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
-
-/// `Vis` is a visibility bitmap of rows.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub enum Vis {
-    /// Non-compact variant.
-    /// Certain rows are hidden using this bitmap.
-    Bitmap(Bitmap),
-
-    /// Compact variant which just stores cardinality of rows.
-    /// This can be used when all rows are visible.
-    Compact(usize), // equivalent to all ones of this size
-}
-
-impl From<Bitmap> for Vis {
-    fn from(b: Bitmap) -> Self {
-        Vis::Bitmap(b)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<usize> for Vis {
-    fn from(c: usize) -> Self {
-        Vis::Compact(c)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<VisMut> for Vis {
-    fn from(v: VisMut) -> Self {
-        match v.state {
-            VisMutState::Bitmap(x) => Vis::Bitmap(x),
-            VisMutState::Compact(x) => Vis::Compact(x),
-            VisMutState::Builder(x) => Vis::Bitmap(x.finish()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Vis {
-    pub fn into_mut(self) -> VisMut {
-        VisMut::from(self)
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.as_ref().is_empty()
-    }
-
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.as_ref().len()
-    }
-
-    /// # Panics
-    /// Panics if `idx > len`.
-    pub fn is_set(&self, idx: usize) -> bool {
-        self.as_ref().is_set(idx)
-    }
-
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_> {
-        self.as_ref().iter()
-    }
-
-    pub fn iter_ones(&self) -> OnesIter<'_> {
-        self.as_ref().iter_ones()
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> VisRef<'_> {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => VisRef::Bitmap(b),
-            Vis::Compact(c) => VisRef::Compact(*c),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a bitmap of this `Vis`.
-    pub fn to_bitmap(&self) -> Bitmap {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => b.clone(),
-            Vis::Compact(c) => Bitmap::ones(*c),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Vis` and returns the inner `Bitmap` if not compact.
-    pub fn into_visibility(self) -> Option<Bitmap> {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => Some(b),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a reference to the inner `Bitmap` if not compact.
-    pub fn as_visibility(&self) -> Option<&Bitmap> {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => Some(b),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl EstimateSize for Vis {
-    fn estimated_heap_size(&self) -> usize {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(bitmap) => bitmap.estimated_heap_size(),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::ops::BitAndAssign<&Bitmap> for Vis {
-    fn bitand_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Bitmap) {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(lhs) => lhs.bitand_assign(rhs),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => *self = Vis::Bitmap(rhs.clone()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::ops::BitAndAssign<Bitmap> for Vis {
-    fn bitand_assign(&mut self, rhs: Bitmap) {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(lhs) => lhs.bitand_assign(&rhs),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => *self = Vis::Bitmap(rhs),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::ops::BitAnd<&Bitmap> for &Vis {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitand(self, rhs: &Bitmap) -> Self::Output {
-        match self {
-            Vis::Bitmap(lhs) => Vis::Bitmap(lhs.bitand(rhs)),
-            Vis::Compact(_) => Vis::Bitmap(rhs.clone()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::BitAnd<&'b Vis> for &'a Vis {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitand(self, rhs: &'b Vis) -> Self::Output {
-        self.as_ref().bitand(rhs.as_ref())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::ops::BitAnd<Vis> for &'a Vis {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitand(self, rhs: Vis) -> Self::Output {
-        self.as_ref().bitand(rhs)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::BitOr<&'b Vis> for &'a Vis {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: &'b Vis) -> Self::Output {
-        self.as_ref().bitor(rhs.as_ref())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::ops::Not for &'a Vis {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn not(self) -> Self::Output {
-        self.as_ref().not()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub enum VisRef<'a> {
-    Bitmap(&'a Bitmap),
-    Compact(usize), // equivalent to all ones of this size
-}
-
-pub type Iter<'a> = Either<BitmapIter<'a>, itertools::RepeatN<bool>>;
-pub type OnesIter<'a> = Either<BitmapOnesIter<'a>, std::ops::Range<usize>>;
-
-impl<'a> VisRef<'a> {
-    pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => b.is_empty(),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => c == 0,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn len(self) -> usize {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => b.len(),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => c,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if `idx > len`.
-    pub fn is_set(self, idx: usize) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => b.is_set(idx),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => {
-                assert!(idx <= c);
-                true
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn iter(self) -> Iter<'a> {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => Either::Left(b.iter()),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => Either::Right(repeat_n(true, c)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn iter_ones(self) -> OnesIter<'a> {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => Either::Left(b.iter_ones()),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => Either::Right(0..c),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a Bitmap> for VisRef<'a> {
-    fn from(b: &'a Bitmap) -> Self {
-        VisRef::Bitmap(b)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<usize> for VisRef<'a> {
-    fn from(c: usize) -> Self {
-        VisRef::Compact(c)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a Vis> for VisRef<'a> {
-    fn from(vis: &'a Vis) -> Self {
-        vis.as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::BitAnd<VisRef<'b>> for VisRef<'a> {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitand(self, rhs: VisRef<'b>) -> Self::Output {
-        match (self, rhs) {
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), VisRef::Bitmap(b2)) => Vis::Bitmap(b1 & b2),
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), VisRef::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(b1.len(), c2);
-                Vis::Bitmap(b1.clone())
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), VisRef::Bitmap(b2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, b2.len());
-                Vis::Bitmap(b2.clone())
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), VisRef::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, c2);
-                Vis::Compact(c1)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::ops::BitAnd<Vis> for VisRef<'a> {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitand(self, rhs: Vis) -> Self::Output {
-        match (self, rhs) {
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), Vis::Bitmap(b2)) => Vis::Bitmap(b1 & b2),
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), Vis::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(b1.len(), c2);
-                Vis::Bitmap(b1.clone())
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), Vis::Bitmap(b2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, b2.len());
-                Vis::Bitmap(b2)
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), Vis::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, c2);
-                Vis::Compact(c1)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::BitOr<VisRef<'b>> for VisRef<'a> {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: VisRef<'b>) -> Self::Output {
-        match (self, rhs) {
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), VisRef::Bitmap(b2)) => Vis::Bitmap(b1 | b2),
-            (VisRef::Bitmap(b1), VisRef::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(b1.len(), c2);
-                Vis::Compact(c2)
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), VisRef::Bitmap(b2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, b2.len());
-                Vis::Compact(c1)
-            }
-            (VisRef::Compact(c1), VisRef::Compact(c2)) => {
-                assert_eq!(c1, c2);
-                Vis::Compact(c1)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::ops::BitOr<Vis> for VisRef<'a> {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: Vis) -> Self::Output {
-        // Unlike the `bitand` implementation, we can forward by ref directly here, because this
-        // will not introduce unnecessary clones.
-        self.bitor(rhs.as_ref())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> std::ops::Not for VisRef<'a> {
-    type Output = Vis;
-
-    fn not(self) -> Self::Output {
-        match self {
-            VisRef::Bitmap(b) => Vis::Bitmap(!b),
-            VisRef::Compact(c) => Vis::Bitmap(BitmapBuilder::zeroed(c).finish()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A mutable wrapper for `Vis`. can only set the visibilities and can not change the size.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct VisMut {
-    state: VisMutState,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum VisMutState {
-    /// Non-compact variant.
-    /// Certain rows are hidden using this bitmap.
-    Bitmap(Bitmap),
-
-    /// Compact variant which just stores cardinality of rows.
-    /// This can be used when all rows are visible.
-    Compact(usize), // equivalent to all ones of this size
-
-    Builder(BitmapBuilder),
-}
-
-impl From<Vis> for VisMut {
-    fn from(vis: Vis) -> Self {
-        let state = match vis {
-            Vis::Bitmap(x) => VisMutState::Bitmap(x),
-            Vis::Compact(x) => VisMutState::Compact(x),
-        };
-        Self { state }
-    }
-}
-
-impl VisMut {
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        match &self.state {
-            VisMutState::Bitmap(b) => b.len(),
-            VisMutState::Compact(c) => *c,
-            VisMutState::Builder(b) => b.len(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if `idx >= len`.
-    pub fn is_set(&self, idx: usize) -> bool {
-        match &self.state {
-            VisMutState::Bitmap(b) => b.is_set(idx),
-            VisMutState::Compact(c) => {
-                assert!(idx < *c);
-                true
-            }
-            VisMutState::Builder(b) => b.is_set(idx),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set(&mut self, n: usize, val: bool) {
-        if let VisMutState::Builder(b) = &mut self.state {
-            b.set(n, val);
-        } else {
-            let state = mem::replace(&mut self.state, VisMutState::Compact(0)); // intermediate state
-            let mut builder = match state {
-                VisMutState::Bitmap(b) => b.into(),
-                VisMutState::Compact(c) => BitmapBuilder::filled(c),
-                VisMutState::Builder(_) => unreachable!(),
-            };
-            builder.set(n, val);
-            self.state = VisMutState::Builder(builder);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_vis_mut_from_compact() {
-        let n: usize = 128;
-        let vis = Vis::Compact(n);
-        let mut vis = vis.into_mut();
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert!(vis.is_set(i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        vis.set(0, true);
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert!(vis.is_set(i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-
-        let to_false = vec![1usize, 2, 14, 25, 17, 77, 62, 96];
-        for i in &to_false {
-            vis.set(*i, false);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), !to_false.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-
-        let vis: Vis = vis.into();
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), !to_false.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        let count_ones = match &vis {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => b.count_ones(),
-            Vis::Compact(len) => *len,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(count_ones, n - to_false.len());
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_vis_mut_from_bitmap() {
-        let zeros = 61usize;
-        let ones = 62usize;
-        let n: usize = ones + zeros;
-
-        let mut builder = BitmapBuilder::default();
-        builder.append_bitmap(&Bitmap::zeros(zeros));
-        builder.append_bitmap(&Bitmap::ones(ones));
-
-        let vis = Vis::Bitmap(builder.finish());
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-
-        let mut vis = vis.into_mut();
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), i >= zeros, "{}", i);
-        }
-
-        vis.set(0, false);
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), i >= zeros, "{}", i);
-        }
-
-        let toggles = vec![1usize, 2, 14, 25, 17, 77, 62, 96];
-        for i in &toggles {
-            let i = *i;
-            vis.set(i, i < zeros);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..zeros {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), toggles.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        for i in zeros..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), !toggles.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-
-        let vis: Vis = vis.into();
-        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
-        for i in 0..zeros {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), toggles.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        for i in zeros..n {
-            assert_eq!(vis.is_set(i), !toggles.contains(&i), "{}", i);
-        }
-        let count_ones = match &vis {
-            Vis::Bitmap(b) => b.count_ones(),
-            Vis::Compact(len) => *len,
-        };
-        let mut expected_ones = ones;
-        for i in &toggles {
-            let i = *i;
-            if i < zeros {
-                expected_ones += 1;
-            } else {
-                expected_ones -= 1;
-            }
-        }
-        assert_eq!(count_ones, expected_ones);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/common/src/buffer/bitmap.rs b/src/common/src/buffer/bitmap.rs
index d5da545ddfe3c..e6f908556ca90 100644
--- a/src/common/src/buffer/bitmap.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/buffer/bitmap.rs
@@ -419,6 +419,12 @@ impl Bitmap {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<usize> for Bitmap {
+    fn from(val: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::ones(val)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'b> BitAnd<&'b Bitmap> for &'a Bitmap {
     type Output = Bitmap;
 
@@ -469,6 +475,12 @@ impl BitAndAssign<&Bitmap> for Bitmap {
     }
 }
 
+impl BitAndAssign<Bitmap> for Bitmap {
+    fn bitand_assign(&mut self, rhs: Bitmap) {
+        *self = &*self & rhs;
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'b> BitOr<&'b Bitmap> for &'a Bitmap {
     type Output = Bitmap;
 
diff --git a/src/common/src/hash/key_v2.rs b/src/common/src/hash/key_v2.rs
index 46b402394738c..49936e4cbc6c8 100644
--- a/src/common/src/hash/key_v2.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/hash/key_v2.rs
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ impl<S: KeyStorage, N: NullBitmap> HashKey for HashKeyImpl<S, N> {
             dispatch_array_variants!(array, array, {
                 for ((scalar, visible), serializer) in array
                     .iter()
-                    .zip_eq_fast(data_chunk.vis().iter())
+                    .zip_eq_fast(data_chunk.visibility().iter())
                     .zip_eq_fast(&mut serializers)
                 {
                     if visible {
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ impl DataChunk {
         }
 
         let mut sizes = self
-            .vis()
+            .visibility()
             .iter()
             .map(|visible| if visible { exact_size } else { 0 })
             .collect_vec();
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ impl DataChunk {
             dispatch_array_variants!(&*self.columns()[i], col, {
                 for ((datum, visible), size) in col
                     .iter()
-                    .zip_eq_fast(self.vis().iter())
+                    .zip_eq_fast(self.visibility().iter())
                     .zip_eq_fast(&mut sizes)
                 {
                     if visible && let Some(scalar) = datum {
diff --git a/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_bitmap.rs b/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_bitmap.rs
index 75d804de8bdc0..604771933a378 100644
--- a/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_bitmap.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_bitmap.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ use rand::SeedableRng;
 use crate::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 
 pub fn gen_rand_bitmap(num_bits: usize, count_ones: usize, seed: u64) -> Bitmap {
+    if count_ones == num_bits {
+        return Bitmap::ones(num_bits);
+    }
     let mut builder = BitmapBuilder::zeroed(num_bits);
     let mut range = (0..num_bits).collect_vec();
     range.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::StdRng::seed_from_u64(seed));
diff --git a/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_stream_chunk.rs
index e256b8a9bff17..3d961f7f9505a 100644
--- a/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/test_utils/rand_stream_chunk.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::array::{ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, I64ArrayBuilder};
 use crate::buffer::Bitmap;
 
 pub fn gen_legal_stream_chunk(
-    bitmap: Option<&Bitmap>,
+    bitmap: &Bitmap,
     chunk_size: usize,
     append_only: bool,
     seed: u64,
@@ -28,34 +28,9 @@ pub fn gen_legal_stream_chunk(
     let mut ops: Vec<Op> = vec![];
     let mut cur_data: Vec<i64> = vec![];
     let mut rng = rand::rngs::StdRng::seed_from_u64(seed);
-    if let Some(bitmap) = bitmap {
-        for i in 0..chunk_size {
-            // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
-            unsafe {
-                if bitmap.is_set_unchecked(i) {
-                    let op = if append_only || cur_data.is_empty() || rng.gen() {
-                        Op::Insert
-                    } else {
-                        Op::Delete
-                    };
-                    ops.push(op);
-                    if op == Op::Insert {
-                        let value = rng.gen::<i32>() as i64;
-                        data_builder.append(Some(value));
-                        cur_data.push(value);
-                    } else {
-                        let idx = rng.gen_range(0..cur_data.len());
-                        data_builder.append(Some(cur_data[idx]));
-                        cur_data.remove(idx);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    ops.push(Op::Insert);
-                    data_builder.append(Some(1234567890));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        for _ in 0..chunk_size {
+    for i in 0..chunk_size {
+        // SAFETY(value_at_unchecked): the idx is always in bound.
+        if unsafe { bitmap.is_set_unchecked(i) } {
             let op = if append_only || cur_data.is_empty() || rng.gen() {
                 Op::Insert
             } else {
@@ -71,6 +46,9 @@ pub fn gen_legal_stream_chunk(
                 data_builder.append(Some(cur_data[idx]));
                 cur_data.remove(idx);
             }
+        } else {
+            ops.push(Op::Insert);
+            data_builder.append(Some(1234567890));
         }
     }
     (ops, data_builder.finish().into())
diff --git a/src/common/src/test_utils/test_stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/test_utils/test_stream_chunk.rs
index c93b32b2ccef1..e291aef793684 100644
--- a/src/common/src/test_utils/test_stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/test_utils/test_stream_chunk.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl BigStreamChunk {
 
         let col = Arc::new(I32Array::from_iter(std::iter::repeat(114_514).take(capacity)).into());
 
-        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(ops, vec![col], Some(visibility));
+        let chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, vec![col], visibility);
 
         Self(chunk)
     }
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/chunk_coalesce.rs b/src/common/src/util/chunk_coalesce.rs
index 3c5e4b109da90..9a41fc83e8f0e 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/chunk_coalesce.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/chunk_coalesce.rs
@@ -76,32 +76,30 @@ impl DataChunkBuilder {
         self.ensure_builders();
 
         let mut new_return_offset = input_chunk.offset;
-        match input_chunk.data_chunk.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => {
-                for vis in vis.iter().skip(input_chunk.offset) {
-                    new_return_offset += 1;
-                    if !vis {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    self.append_one_row_internal(&input_chunk.data_chunk, new_return_offset - 1);
-                    if self.buffered_count >= self.batch_size {
-                        break;
-                    }
+        let vis = input_chunk.data_chunk.visibility();
+        if !vis.all() {
+            for vis in vis.iter().skip(input_chunk.offset) {
+                new_return_offset += 1;
+                if !vis {
+                    continue;
                 }
-            }
-            None => {
-                let num_rows_to_append = std::cmp::min(
-                    self.batch_size - self.buffered_count,
-                    input_chunk.data_chunk.capacity() - input_chunk.offset,
-                );
-                let end_offset = input_chunk.offset + num_rows_to_append;
-                for input_row_idx in input_chunk.offset..end_offset {
-                    new_return_offset += 1;
-                    self.append_one_row_internal(&input_chunk.data_chunk, input_row_idx)
+
+                self.append_one_row_internal(&input_chunk.data_chunk, new_return_offset - 1);
+                if self.buffered_count >= self.batch_size {
+                    break;
                 }
             }
-        }
+        } else {
+            let num_rows_to_append = std::cmp::min(
+                self.batch_size - self.buffered_count,
+                input_chunk.data_chunk.capacity() - input_chunk.offset,
+            );
+            let end_offset = input_chunk.offset + num_rows_to_append;
+            for input_row_idx in input_chunk.offset..end_offset {
+                new_return_offset += 1;
+                self.append_one_row_internal(&input_chunk.data_chunk, input_row_idx)
+            }
+        };
 
         assert!(self.buffered_count <= self.batch_size);
 
@@ -332,14 +330,14 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(Some(1), returned_input.as_ref().map(|c| c.offset));
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::cardinality));
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::capacity));
-        assert!(output.unwrap().visibility().is_none());
+        assert!(output.unwrap().is_compacted());
 
         // Append last input
         let (returned_input, output) = builder.append_chunk_inner(returned_input.unwrap());
         assert!(returned_input.is_none());
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::cardinality));
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::capacity));
-        assert!(output.unwrap().visibility().is_none());
+        assert!(output.unwrap().is_compacted());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -370,7 +368,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(Some(3), returned_input.as_ref().map(|c| c.offset));
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::cardinality));
         assert_eq!(Some(3), output.as_ref().map(DataChunk::capacity));
-        assert!(output.unwrap().visibility().is_none());
+        assert!(output.unwrap().is_compacted());
         assert_eq!(0, builder.buffered_count());
 
         // Append last input
@@ -412,7 +410,7 @@ mod tests {
         for output in &[output_1, output_2] {
             assert_eq!(3, output.cardinality());
             assert_eq!(3, output.capacity());
-            assert!(output.visibility().is_none());
+            assert!(output.is_compacted());
         }
     }
 
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@ mod tests {
         let output = builder.consume_all().expect("Failed to consume all!");
         assert_eq!(2, output.cardinality());
         assert_eq!(2, output.capacity());
-        assert!(output.visibility().is_none());
+        assert!(output.is_compacted());
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
index 90d8f0c3a5541..fbc7b419f13d4 100644
--- a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
+++ b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ impl MockOffsetGenExecutor {
             match msg {
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                     let mut offset_builder = Utf8ArrayBuilder::new(chunk.cardinality());
+                    assert!(chunk.is_compacted());
                     let (ops, mut columns, vis) = chunk.into_inner();
-                    assert!(vis.as_visibility().is_none());
 
                     for _ in 0..ops.len() {
                         let offset_str = self.next_offset()?;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ impl MockOffsetGenExecutor {
 
                     let offsets = offset_builder.finish();
                     columns.push(offsets.into_ref());
-                    yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, vis.into_visibility()));
+                    yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, vis));
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
                     yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index ba9f1710a2e55..987d049a11f0c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkBuilder {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|builder| builder.finish().into())
                 .collect(),
-            None,
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 451c8b2686ec7..8d19cc0ad705c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use icelake::config::{TableConfig, TableConfigRef};
 use icelake::transaction::Transaction;
 use icelake::types::{data_file_from_json, data_file_to_json, DataFile};
 use icelake::Table;
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use opendal::services::S3;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
@@ -289,12 +288,7 @@ impl IcebergWriter {
         let (mut chunk, ops) = chunk.into_parts();
 
         let filters =
-            Bitmap::from_bool_slice(&ops.iter().map(|op| *op == Op::Insert).collect_vec());
-        let filters = if let Some(ori_vis) = chunk.visibility() {
-            ori_vis & &filters
-        } else {
-            filters
-        };
+            chunk.visibility() & ops.iter().map(|op| *op == Op::Insert).collect::<Bitmap>();
 
         chunk.set_visibility(filters);
         let chunk = RecordBatch::try_from(&chunk.compact())
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 77026581492c2..f940a705754a5 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 for child in &self.children[#num_args..] {
                     columns.push(child.eval_checked(input).await?);
                 }
-                let variadic_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.vis().clone());
+                let variadic_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.visibility().clone());
             }
         });
         // evaluate variadic arguments in `eval_row`
@@ -382,24 +382,21 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             quote! {
                 let mut builder = #builder_type::with_type(input.capacity(), self.context.return_type.clone());
 
-                match input.vis() {
-                    Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
-                        // allow using `zip` for performance
-                        #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
-                        for (i, ((#(#inputs,)*), visible)) in #array_zip.zip(vis.iter()).enumerate() {
-                            if !visible {
-                                builder.append_null();
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                            #let_variadic
-                            #append_output
-                        }
+                if input.is_compacted() {
+                    for (i, (#(#inputs,)*)) in #array_zip.enumerate() {
+                        #let_variadic
+                        #append_output
                     }
-                    Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                        for (i, (#(#inputs,)*)) in #array_zip.enumerate() {
-                            #let_variadic
-                            #append_output
+                } else {
+                    // allow using `zip` for performance
+                    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+                    for (i, ((#(#inputs,)*), visible)) in #array_zip.zip(input.visibility().iter()).enumerate() {
+                        if !visible {
+                            builder.append_null();
+                            continue;
                         }
+                        #let_variadic
+                        #append_output
                     }
                 }
                 Ok(Arc::new(builder.finish().into()))
@@ -699,21 +696,10 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                         #(#let_arrays)*
                         let state0 = state0.as_datum_mut();
                         let mut state: Option<#state_type> = #let_state;
-                        match input.vis() {
-                            Vis::Bitmap(bitmap) => {
-                                for row_id in bitmap.iter_ones() {
-                                    let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #(#let_values)*
-                                    state = #next_state;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                                for row_id in 0..input.capacity() {
-                                    let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #(#let_values)*
-                                    state = #next_state;
-                                }
-                            }
+                        for row_id in input.visibility().iter_ones() {
+                            let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
+                            #(#let_values)*
+                            state = #next_state;
                         }
                         *state0 = #assign_state;
                         Ok(())
@@ -724,25 +710,22 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                         #(#let_arrays)*
                         let state0 = state0.as_datum_mut();
                         let mut state: Option<#state_type> = #let_state;
-                        match input.vis() {
-                            Vis::Bitmap(bitmap) => {
-                                for row_id in bitmap.iter_ones() {
-                                    if row_id < range.start {
-                                        continue;
-                                    } else if row_id >= range.end {
-                                        break;
-                                    }
-                                    let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #(#let_values)*
-                                    state = #next_state;
-                                }
+                        if input.is_compacted() {
+                            for row_id in range {
+                                let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
+                                #(#let_values)*
+                                state = #next_state;
                             }
-                            Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                                for row_id in range {
-                                    let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
-                                    #(#let_values)*
-                                    state = #next_state;
+                        } else {
+                            for row_id in input.visibility().iter_ones() {
+                                if row_id < range.start {
+                                    continue;
+                                } else if row_id >= range.end {
+                                    break;
                                 }
+                                let op = unsafe { *input.ops().get_unchecked(row_id) };
+                                #(#let_values)*
+                                state = #next_state;
                             }
                         }
                         *state0 = #assign_state;
@@ -949,7 +932,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                         let mut index_builder = I32ArrayBuilder::new(self.chunk_size);
                         #(let mut #builders = #builder_types::with_type(self.chunk_size, #return_types);)*
 
-                        for (i, (row, visible)) in multizip((#(#arrays.iter(),)*)).zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()).enumerate() {
+                        for (i, (row, visible)) in multizip((#(#arrays.iter(),)*)).zip_eq_fast(input.visibility().iter()).enumerate() {
                             if let (#(Some(#inputs),)*) = row && visible {
                                 let iter = #fn_name(#(#inputs,)* #prebuilt_arg);
                                 for output in #iter {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs b/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
index 8971c48c278c7..d746641fadfc8 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
@@ -413,25 +413,10 @@ mod tests {
             "benching {} agg, chunk_size={}, vis_rate={}",
             agg_desc, chunk_size, vis_rate
         );
-        let bitmap = if vis_rate < 1.0 {
-            Some(rand_bitmap::gen_rand_bitmap(
-                chunk_size,
-                (chunk_size as f64 * vis_rate) as usize,
-                666,
-            ))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-        let (ops, data) = rand_stream_chunk::gen_legal_stream_chunk(
-            bitmap.as_ref(),
-            chunk_size,
-            append_only,
-            666,
-        );
-        let vis = match bitmap {
-            Some(bitmap) => Vis::Bitmap(bitmap),
-            None => Vis::Compact(chunk_size),
-        };
+        let vis =
+            rand_bitmap::gen_rand_bitmap(chunk_size, (chunk_size as f64 * vis_rate) as usize, 666);
+        let (ops, data) =
+            rand_stream_chunk::gen_legal_stream_chunk(&vis, chunk_size, append_only, 666);
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, DataChunk::new(vec![Arc::new(data)], vis));
         let pretty = format!("({agg_desc}:int8 $0:int8)");
         let agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
index 1f5d67397b332..4d1afe88bc659 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ListValue, ScalarImpl};
 
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ impl Expression for ArrayTransformExpression {
         let new_list = lambda_input
             .map_inner(|flatten_input| async move {
                 let flatten_len = flatten_input.len();
-                let chunk =
-                    DataChunk::new(vec![Arc::new(flatten_input)], Vis::Compact(flatten_len));
+                let chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![Arc::new(flatten_input)], flatten_len);
                 self.lambda.eval(&chunk).await.map(Arc::unwrap_or_clone)
             })
             .await?;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
index 6864ef12d9508..bc3ccf8f98231 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
-use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, Scalar};
 use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
@@ -46,29 +45,24 @@ impl Expression for BinaryShortCircuitExpression {
         let left = self.expr_ia1.eval_checked(input).await?;
         let left = left.as_bool();
 
-        let res_vis: Vis = match self.expr_type {
+        let res_vis = match self.expr_type {
             // For `Or` operator, if res of left part is not null and is true, we do not want to
             // calculate right part because the result must be true.
-            Type::Or => (!left.to_bitmap()).into(),
+            Type::Or => !left.to_bitmap(),
             // For `And` operator, If res of left part is not null and is false, we do not want
             // to calculate right part because the result must be false.
-            Type::And => (left.data() | !left.null_bitmap()).into(),
+            Type::And => left.data() | !left.null_bitmap(),
             _ => unimplemented!(),
         };
-        let new_vis = input.vis() & res_vis;
+        let new_vis = input.visibility() & res_vis;
         let mut input1 = input.clone();
-        input1.set_vis(new_vis);
+        input1.set_visibility(new_vis);
 
         let right = self.expr_ia2.eval_checked(&input1).await?;
         let right = right.as_bool();
         assert_eq!(left.len(), right.len());
 
-        let mut bitmap = match input.visibility() {
-            Some(vis) => vis.clone(),
-            None => Bitmap::ones(input.capacity()),
-        };
-        bitmap &= left.null_bitmap();
-        bitmap &= right.null_bitmap();
+        let mut bitmap = input.visibility() & left.null_bitmap() & right.null_bitmap();
 
         let c = match self.expr_type {
             Type::Or => {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
index 894426247043a..be4cdb864d520 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
@@ -64,25 +64,20 @@ impl Expression for CaseExpression {
         let when_len = self.when_clauses.len();
         let mut result_array = Vec::with_capacity(when_len + 1);
         for (when_idx, WhenClause { when, then }) in self.when_clauses.iter().enumerate() {
-            let calc_then_vis: Vis = when
-                .eval_checked(&input)
-                .await?
-                .as_bool()
-                .to_bitmap()
-                .into();
-            let input_vis = input.vis().clone();
-            input.set_vis(calc_then_vis.clone());
+            let calc_then_vis = when.eval_checked(&input).await?.as_bool().to_bitmap();
+            let input_vis = input.visibility().clone();
+            input.set_visibility(calc_then_vis.clone());
             let then_res = then.eval_checked(&input).await?;
             calc_then_vis
                 .iter_ones()
                 .for_each(|pos| selection[pos] = Some(when_idx));
-            input.set_vis(&input_vis & (!&calc_then_vis));
+            input.set_visibility(&input_vis & (!calc_then_vis));
             result_array.push(then_res);
         }
         if let Some(ref else_expr) = self.else_clause {
             let else_res = else_expr.eval_checked(&input).await?;
             input
-                .vis()
+                .visibility()
                 .iter_ones()
                 .for_each(|pos| selection[pos] = Some(when_len));
             result_array.push(else_res);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
index df06ff2a2110b..ee47db4db20bc 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::ops::BitAnd;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk, Vis, VisRef};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Expression for CoalesceExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let init_vis = input.vis();
+        let init_vis = input.visibility();
         let mut input = input.clone();
         let len = input.capacity();
         let mut selection: Vec<Option<usize>> = vec![None; len];
@@ -46,18 +46,12 @@ impl Expression for CoalesceExpression {
         for (child_idx, child) in self.children.iter().enumerate() {
             let res = child.eval_checked(&input).await?;
             let res_bitmap = res.null_bitmap();
-            let orig_vis = input.vis();
-            let res_bitmap_ref: VisRef<'_> = res_bitmap.into();
-            orig_vis
-                .as_ref()
-                .bitand(res_bitmap_ref)
-                .iter_ones()
-                .for_each(|pos| {
-                    selection[pos] = Some(child_idx);
-                });
-            let res_vis: Vis = (!res_bitmap).into();
-            let new_vis = orig_vis & res_vis;
-            input.set_vis(new_vis);
+            let orig_vis = input.visibility();
+            for pos in orig_vis.bitand(res_bitmap).iter_ones() {
+                selection[pos] = Some(child_idx);
+            }
+            let new_vis = orig_vis & !res_bitmap;
+            input.set_visibility(new_vis);
             children_array.push(res);
         }
         let mut builder = self.return_type.create_array_builder(len);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
index cbe356bc1bbd6..ed7c9cc9e50cb 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl Expression for InExpression {
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
         let input_array = self.left.eval_checked(input).await?;
         let mut output_array = BoolArrayBuilder::new(input_array.len());
-        for (data, vis) in input_array.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.vis().iter()) {
+        for (data, vis) in input_array.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.visibility().iter()) {
             if vis {
                 let ret = self.exists(&data.to_owned_datum());
                 output_array.append(ret);
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .eval(&data_chunks[i])
                 .await
                 .unwrap()
-                .compact(vis.unwrap(), expected[i].len());
+                .compact(vis, expected[i].len());
 
             for (i, expect) in expected[i].iter().enumerate() {
                 assert_eq!(res.datum_at(i), expect.map(ScalarImpl::Bool));
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
index 8b47df11343f3..9ae9146406ada 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use itertools::{multizip, Itertools};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayRef, BoolArray, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ListRef, Scalar, ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ impl Expression for SomeAllExpression {
     async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
         let arr_left = self.left_expr.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
         let arr_right = self.right_expr.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let bitmap = data_chunk.visibility();
         let mut num_array = Vec::with_capacity(data_chunk.capacity());
 
         let arr_right_inner = arr_right.as_list();
@@ -124,24 +123,21 @@ impl Expression for SomeAllExpression {
                 }
             };
 
-        match bitmap {
-            Some(bitmap) => {
-                for ((left, right), visible) in arr_left
-                    .iter()
-                    .zip_eq_fast(arr_right.iter())
-                    .zip_eq_fast(bitmap.iter())
-                {
-                    if !visible {
-                        num_array.push(None);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    unfolded_left_right(left, right, &mut num_array);
-                }
+        if data_chunk.is_compacted() {
+            for (left, right) in arr_left.iter().zip_eq_fast(arr_right.iter()) {
+                unfolded_left_right(left, right, &mut num_array);
             }
-            None => {
-                for (left, right) in multizip((arr_left.iter(), arr_right.iter())) {
-                    unfolded_left_right(left, right, &mut num_array);
+        } else {
+            for ((left, right), visible) in arr_left
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(arr_right.iter())
+                .zip_eq_fast(data_chunk.visibility().iter())
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    num_array.push(None);
+                    continue;
                 }
+                unfolded_left_right(left, right, &mut num_array);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index b7a03a6611f53..8ba2e801edef4 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let vis = input.vis().to_bitmap();
+        let vis = input.visibility();
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
             let array = child.eval_checked(input).await?;
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
             .iter()
             .map::<Result<_>, _>(|c| Ok(c.as_ref().try_into()?))
             .try_collect()?;
-        let output_array = self
-            .eval_inner(arg_columns, chunk.vis().to_bitmap())
-            .await?;
+        let output_array = self.eval_inner(arg_columns, chunk.visibility()).await?;
         Ok(output_array.to_datum())
     }
 }
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ impl UdfExpression {
     async fn eval_inner(
         &self,
         columns: Vec<arrow_array::ArrayRef>,
-        vis: risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap,
+        vis: &risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap,
     ) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
         let opts = arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(vis.len()));
         let input =
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 813cf23504482..89c6e3325f26a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
             let val = c.eval_checked(input).await?;
             columns.push(val);
         }
-        let direct_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.vis().clone());
+        let direct_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.visibility().clone());
 
         // compact the input chunk and record the row mapping
-        let visible_rows = direct_input.vis().iter_ones().collect_vec();
+        let visible_rows = direct_input.visibility().iter_ones().collect_vec();
         let compacted_input = direct_input.compact_cow();
         let arrow_input = RecordBatch::try_from(compacted_input.as_ref())?;
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
 
             let output = DataChunk::new(
                 vec![origin_indices.into_ref(), output.column_at(1).clone()],
-                output.vis().clone(),
+                output.visibility().clone(),
             );
             yield output;
         }
diff --git a/src/source/src/table.rs b/src/source/src/table.rs
index 3781bee79b1b4..08aa3a38aeaaa 100644
--- a/src/source/src/table.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/table.rs
@@ -317,11 +317,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         macro_rules! write_chunk {
             ($i:expr) => {{
-                let chunk = StreamChunk::new(
-                    vec![Op::Insert],
-                    vec![I64Array::from_iter([$i]).into_ref()],
-                    None,
-                );
+                let chunk =
+                    StreamChunk::new(vec![Op::Insert], vec![I64Array::from_iter([$i]).into_ref()]);
                 write_handle.write_chunk(chunk).await.unwrap();
             }};
         }
@@ -362,11 +359,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_matches!(reader.next().await.unwrap()?, TxnMsg::Begin(_));
 
-        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(
-            vec![Op::Insert],
-            vec![I64Array::from_iter([1]).into_ref()],
-            None,
-        );
+        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(vec![Op::Insert], vec![I64Array::from_iter([1]).into_ref()]);
         write_handle.write_chunk(chunk).await.unwrap();
 
         assert_matches!(reader.next().await.unwrap()?, txn_msg => {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
index aa876e2c6b88c..d50e4ec0277ab 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pub fn compute_chunk_vnode(
 
         VirtualNode::compute_chunk(chunk, &dist_key_indices)
             .into_iter()
-            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.vis().iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.visibility().iter())
             .map(|(vnode, vis)| {
                 // Ignore the invisible rows.
                 if vis {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/builder.rs b/src/stream/src/common/builder.rs
index 0945066592d83..947a79f3747c9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/builder.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/builder.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ impl StreamChunkBuilder {
         Some(StreamChunk::new(
             std::mem::replace(&mut self.ops, Vec::with_capacity(self.capacity)),
             new_columns,
-            None,
         ))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index 2d06a3721a8c3..aadbccc1b97f6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use futures::{pin_mut, FutureExt, Stream, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_record::Record;
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{get_dist_key_in_pk_indices, ColumnDesc, TableId, TableOption};
@@ -844,45 +844,41 @@ where
             })
             .collect_vec();
 
-        let vis = key_chunk.vis();
-        match vis {
-            Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
-                for ((op, (key, key_bytes), value), vis) in
-                    izip!(op.iter(), vnode_and_pks, values).zip_eq_debug(vis.iter())
-                {
-                    if vis {
-                        match op {
-                            Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => {
-                                if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
+        if !key_chunk.is_compacted() {
+            for ((op, (key, key_bytes), value), vis) in
+                izip!(op.iter(), vnode_and_pks, values).zip_eq_debug(key_chunk.visibility().iter())
+            {
+                if vis {
+                    match op {
+                        Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => {
+                            if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                     self.watermark_cache.insert(pk);
                                 }
-                                self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
-                            }
-                            Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
-                                if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
+                            self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
+                        }
+                        Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
+                            if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                     self.watermark_cache.delete(pk);
                                 }
-                                self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
-                            }
+                            self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                for (op, (key, key_bytes), value) in izip!(op.iter(), vnode_and_pks, values) {
-                    match op {
-                        Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => {
-                            if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
+        } else {
+            for (op, (key, key_bytes), value) in izip!(op.iter(), vnode_and_pks, values) {
+                match op {
+                    Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => {
+                        if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                 self.watermark_cache.insert(pk);
                             }
-                            self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
-                        }
-                        Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
-                            if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
+                        self.insert_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
+                    }
+                    Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
+                        if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && let Some(ref pk) = key {
                                 self.watermark_cache.delete(pk);
                             }
-                            self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
-                        }
+                        self.delete_inner(TableKey(key_bytes), value);
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
index 2f5dc3202adb9..c0a07ebcb2f02 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
@@ -1110,11 +1110,8 @@ async fn test_state_table_write_chunk_visibility() {
         &data_types,
     );
     let (ops, columns, _) = chunk.into_inner();
-    let chunk = StreamChunk::new(
-        ops,
-        columns,
-        Some(Bitmap::from_iter([true, true, true, false])),
-    );
+    let chunk =
+        StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, Bitmap::from_iter([true, true, true, false]));
 
     state_table.write_chunk(chunk);
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
index 8c7853e2fc7af..afc395a7ab128 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_record::{Record, RecordType};
-use risingwave_common::array::{StreamChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::must_match;
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, Strtg: Strategy> AggGroup<S, Strtg> {
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
         calls: &[AggCall],
         funcs: &[BoxedAggregateFunction],
-        visibilities: Vec<Vis>,
+        visibilities: Vec<Bitmap>,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         if self.curr_row_count() == 0 {
             tracing::trace!(group = ?self.group_key_row(), "first time see this group");
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
index bb59faf40f150..36690b872da58 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::array::{StreamChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::must_match;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ impl AggState {
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
         call: &AggCall,
         func: &BoxedAggregateFunction,
-        visibility: Vis,
+        visibility: Bitmap,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         match self {
             Self::Value(state) => {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ impl AggState {
             }
             Self::MaterializedInput(state) => {
                 // the input chunk for minput is unprojected
-                let chunk = chunk.with_visibility(visibility);
+                let chunk = chunk.clone_with_vis(visibility);
                 state.apply_chunk(&chunk)
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
index dd5905c342710..bcc12d065169e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, Op, Vis, VisRef};
-use risingwave_common::buffer::BitmapBuilder;
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, Op};
+use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::row::{self, CompactedRow, OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
         &mut self,
         ops: &[Op],
         column: &ArrayRef,
-        mut visibilities: Vec<&mut Vis>,
+        mut visibilities: Vec<&mut Bitmap>,
         dedup_table: &mut StateTable<S>,
         group_key: Option<&GroupKey>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
@@ -173,11 +173,8 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
             });
 
         for (vis, vis_mask_inv) in visibilities.iter_mut().zip_eq(vis_masks_inv.into_iter()) {
-            let mask = !vis_mask_inv.finish();
-            if !mask.all() {
-                // update visibility if needed
-                **vis = vis.as_ref() & VisRef::from(&mask);
-            }
+            // update visibility
+            **vis &= !vis_mask_inv.finish();
         }
 
         // if we determine to flush to the table when processing every chunk instead of barrier
@@ -259,11 +256,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> DistinctDeduplicater<S> {
         &mut self,
         ops: &[Op],
         columns: &[ArrayRef],
-        mut visibilities: Vec<Vis>,
+        mut visibilities: Vec<Bitmap>,
         dedup_tables: &mut HashMap<usize, StateTable<S>>,
         group_key: Option<&GroupKey>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Vec<Vis>> {
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Vec<Bitmap>> {
         for (distinct_col, (ref call_indices, deduplicater)) in &mut self.deduplicaters {
             let column = &columns[*distinct_col];
             let dedup_table = dedup_tables.get_mut(distinct_col).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index 4505ce5520981..fb1884ed8a972 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ pub use agg_group::*;
 pub use agg_state::*;
 pub use distinct::*;
 use risingwave_common::array::ArrayImpl::Bool;
-use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::bail;
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ pub async fn agg_call_filter_res(
     identity: &str,
     agg_call: &AggCall,
     chunk: &DataChunk,
-) -> StreamExecutorResult<Vis> {
-    let mut vis = chunk.vis().clone();
+) -> StreamExecutorResult<Bitmap> {
+    let mut vis = chunk.visibility().clone();
     if matches!(
         agg_call.kind,
         AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max | AggKind::StringAgg
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
index 6c49be9e607a1..67f25fc506f16 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ pub(crate) fn mark_chunk_ref_by_vnode(
         new_visibility.append(v);
     }
     let (columns, _) = data.into_parts();
-    Ok(StreamChunk::new(
+    Ok(StreamChunk::with_visibility(
         ops,
         columns,
-        Some(new_visibility.finish()),
+        new_visibility.finish(),
     ))
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ fn mark_chunk_inner(
         new_visibility.append(v);
     }
     let (columns, _) = data.into_parts();
-    StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, Some(new_visibility.finish()))
+    StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, new_visibility.finish())
 }
 
 fn mark_cdc_chunk_inner(
@@ -246,10 +246,10 @@ fn mark_cdc_chunk_inner(
     }
 
     let (columns, _) = data.into_parts();
-    Ok(StreamChunk::new(
+    Ok(StreamChunk::with_visibility(
         ops,
         columns,
-        Some(new_visibility.finish()),
+        new_visibility.finish(),
     ))
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ fn mark_cdc_chunk_inner(
 pub(crate) fn mapping_chunk(chunk: StreamChunk, output_indices: &[usize]) -> StreamChunk {
     let (ops, columns, visibility) = chunk.into_inner();
     let mapped_columns = output_indices.iter().map(|&i| columns[i].clone()).collect();
-    StreamChunk::new(ops, mapped_columns, visibility.into_visibility())
+    StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, mapped_columns, visibility)
 }
 
 fn mapping_watermark(watermark: Watermark, upstream_indices: &[usize]) -> Option<Watermark> {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dedup/append_only_dedup.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dedup/append_only_dedup.rs
index 890b1e4ac997d..898f78290bbb0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dedup/append_only_dedup.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dedup/append_only_dedup.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> AppendOnlyDedupExecutor<S> {
                     if vis.count_ones() > 0 {
                         // Construct the new chunk and write the data to state table.
                         let (ops, columns, _) = chunk.into_inner();
-                        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, Some(vis));
+                        let chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, vis);
                         self.state_table.write_chunk(chunk.clone());
 
                         commit_data = true;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
index fdf67eafcd5c5..9c0c931aaa022 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ impl Dispatcher for HashDataDispatcher {
             .iter()
             .copied()
             .zip_eq_fast(chunk.ops())
-            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.vis().iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(chunk.visibility().iter())
         {
             // Build visibility map for every output chunk.
             for (output, vis_map) in self.outputs.iter().zip_eq_fast(vis_maps.iter_mut()) {
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ impl Dispatcher for HashDataDispatcher {
             let vis_map = vis_map.finish();
             // columns is not changed in this function
             let new_stream_chunk =
-                StreamChunk::new(ops.clone(), chunk.columns().into(), Some(vis_map));
+                StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops.clone(), chunk.columns().into(), vis_map);
             if new_stream_chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                 event!(
                     tracing::Level::TRACE,
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ mod tests {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, None);
+        let chunk = StreamChunk::new(ops, columns);
         hash_dispatcher.dispatch_data(chunk).await.unwrap();
 
         for (output_idx, output) in output_data_vecs.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1295,12 +1295,8 @@ mod tests {
                     .for_each(|(real_col, expect_col)| {
                         let real_vals = real_chunk
                             .visibility()
-                            .as_ref()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .iter()
-                            .enumerate()
-                            .filter(|(_, vis)| *vis)
-                            .map(|(row_idx, _)| real_col.as_int32().value_at(row_idx).unwrap())
+                            .iter_ones()
+                            .map(|row_idx| real_col.as_int32().value_at(row_idx).unwrap())
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                         assert_eq!(real_vals.len(), expect_col.len());
                         assert_eq!(real_vals, *expect_col);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
index 234ef6db29ab2..6d95b52d9e548 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -320,7 +320,8 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
                     let columns = chunk.into_parts().0.into_parts().0;
 
                     if new_visibility.count_ones() > 0 {
-                        let new_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, columns, Some(new_visibility));
+                        let new_chunk =
+                            StreamChunk::with_visibility(new_ops, columns, new_visibility);
                         yield Message::Chunk(new_chunk)
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/expand.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/expand.rs
index a1263d34a46e4..1aed4e15c0463 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/expand.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/expand.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl ExpandExecutor {
                 let (mut columns, vis) = input.data_chunk().keep_columns(subsets).into_parts();
                 columns.extend(input.columns().iter().cloned());
                 columns.push(flags);
-                let chunk = StreamChunk::new(input.ops(), columns, vis.into_visibility());
+                let chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(input.ops(), columns, vis);
                 yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
index 2a2fca4fe827d..ccdf9729c48d3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayImpl, Op, StreamChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayImpl, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::BitmapBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
@@ -72,10 +72,7 @@ impl FilterExecutor {
         let mut new_visibility = BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(n);
         let mut last_res = false;
 
-        assert!(match vis {
-            Vis::Compact(c) => c == n,
-            Vis::Bitmap(ref m) => m.len() == n,
-        });
+        assert_eq!(vis.len(), n);
 
         let ArrayImpl::Bool(bool_array) = &*filter else {
             panic!("unmatched type: filter expr returns a non-null array");
@@ -127,7 +124,7 @@ impl FilterExecutor {
         let new_visibility = new_visibility.finish();
 
         Ok(if new_visibility.count_ones() > 0 {
-            let new_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, columns, Some(new_visibility));
+            let new_chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(new_ops, columns, new_visibility);
             Some(new_chunk)
         } else {
             None
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 488c73f8768b0..a2814195ac9c6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -254,15 +254,15 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
     /// in one chunk.
     ///
     /// * `keys`: Hash Keys of rows.
-    /// * `base_visibility`: Visibility of rows, `None` means all are visible.
-    fn get_group_visibilities(keys: Vec<K>, base_visibility: Option<&Bitmap>) -> Vec<(K, Bitmap)> {
+    /// * `base_visibility`: Visibility of rows.
+    fn get_group_visibilities(keys: Vec<K>, base_visibility: &Bitmap) -> Vec<(K, Bitmap)> {
         let n_rows = keys.len();
         let mut vis_builders = HashMap::new();
-        for (row_idx, key) in keys.into_iter().enumerate().filter(|(row_idx, _)| {
-            base_visibility
-                .map(|vis| vis.is_set(*row_idx))
-                .unwrap_or(true)
-        }) {
+        for (row_idx, key) in keys
+            .into_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(row_idx, _)| base_visibility.is_set(*row_idx))
+        {
             vis_builders
                 .entry(key)
                 .or_insert_with(|| BitmapBuilder::zeroed(n_rows))
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index aa1840aa832ce..8298ad36cbaa2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Op, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Op};
 use risingwave_common::types::Interval;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
 use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
                     let chunk = chunk.compact();
                     let (data_chunk, ops) = chunk.into_parts();
                     // SAFETY: Already compacted.
-                    assert!(matches!(data_chunk.vis(), Vis::Compact(_)));
+                    assert!(data_chunk.is_compacted());
                     let len = data_chunk.cardinality();
 
                     // Collect each window's data into a chunk.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
index 7a6c6f53301ca..cee9b74b67b6b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ async fn test_merger_sum_aggr() {
             let chunk = StreamChunk::new(
                 vec![op; i],
                 vec![I64Array::from_iter(vec![1; i]).into_ref()],
-                None,
             );
             input.send(Message::Chunk(chunk)).await.unwrap();
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
index e317509555839..4df4ae4d3e302 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn build_test_chunk(epoch: u64) -> StreamChunk {
         // The number of items in `ops` is the epoch count.
         let ops = vec![Op::Insert; epoch as usize];
-        StreamChunk::new(ops, vec![], None)
+        StreamChunk::new(ops, vec![])
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
index 0c9a981d18108..caabe213e146c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use futures::{stream, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk, Vis};
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, ColumnId, ConflictBehavior, Schema, TableId};
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ fn generate_output(
     }
 
     if let Some(new_data_chunk) = data_chunk_builder.consume_all() {
-        let new_stream_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, new_data_chunk.columns().to_vec(), None);
+        let new_stream_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, new_data_chunk.columns().to_vec());
         Ok(Some(new_stream_chunk))
     } else {
         Ok(None)
@@ -329,26 +329,12 @@ impl MaterializeBuffer {
         let (_, vis) = key_chunk.into_parts();
 
         let mut buffer = MaterializeBuffer::new();
-        match vis {
-            Vis::Bitmap(vis) => {
-                for ((op, key, value), vis) in
-                    izip!(ops.iter(), pks, values).zip_eq_debug(vis.iter())
-                {
-                    if vis {
-                        match op {
-                            Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => buffer.insert(key, value),
-                            Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => buffer.delete(key, value),
-                        };
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Vis::Compact(_) => {
-                for (op, key, value) in izip!(ops.iter(), pks, values) {
-                    match op {
-                        Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => buffer.insert(key, value),
-                        Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => buffer.delete(key, value),
-                    };
-                }
+        for ((op, key, value), vis) in izip!(ops.iter(), pks, values).zip_eq_debug(vis.iter()) {
+            if vis {
+                match op {
+                    Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => buffer.insert(key, value),
+                    Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => buffer.delete(key, value),
+                };
             }
         }
         buffer
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
index 22553641369c1..d483b0c345c0f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
@@ -352,11 +352,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> EowcOverWindowExecutor<S> {
         let columns: Vec<ArrayRef> = builders.into_iter().map(|b| b.finish().into()).collect();
         let chunk_size = columns[0].len();
         Ok(if chunk_size > 0 {
-            Some(StreamChunk::new(
-                vec![Op::Insert; chunk_size],
-                columns,
-                None,
-            ))
+            Some(StreamChunk::new(vec![Op::Insert; chunk_size], columns))
         } else {
             None
         })
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
index 04d6eb0909c11..4da00e7c9d94c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
@@ -146,8 +146,7 @@ impl Inner {
             projected_columns.push(evaluated_expr);
         }
         let (_, vis) = data_chunk.into_parts();
-        let vis = vis.into_visibility();
-        let new_chunk = StreamChunk::new(ops, projected_columns, vis);
+        let new_chunk = StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, projected_columns, vis);
         Ok(Some(new_chunk))
     }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/row_id_gen.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/row_id_gen.rs
index c8502c770cea7..88a11f03c663b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/row_id_gen.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/row_id_gen.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl RowIdGenExecutor {
                     let (ops, mut columns, bitmap) = chunk.into_inner();
                     columns[self.row_id_index] =
                         self.gen_row_id_column_by_op(&columns[self.row_id_index], &ops);
-                    yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, bitmap.into_visibility()));
+                    yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, bitmap));
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
                     // Update row id generator if vnode mapping changes.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 150530e4ebb77..0f0411b5e277b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
                             .try_collect()?;
                         let ops = vec![Op::Insert; 1];
 
-                        yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns, None));
+                        yield Message::Chunk(StreamChunk::new(ops, columns));
                     }
 
                     yield m;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/utils.rs
index 198338d523097..cd235e9a26e00 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/utils.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ pub fn generate_output(
         }
         // since `new_rows` is not empty, we unwrap directly
         let new_data_chunk = data_chunk_builder.consume_all().unwrap();
-        let new_stream_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, new_data_chunk.columns().to_vec(), None);
+        let new_stream_chunk = StreamChunk::new(new_ops, new_data_chunk.columns().to_vec());
         Ok(new_stream_chunk)
     } else {
         let columns = schema
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ pub fn generate_output(
             .into_iter()
             .map(|x| x.finish().into())
             .collect_vec();
-        Ok(StreamChunk::new(vec![], columns, None))
+        Ok(StreamChunk::new(vec![], columns))
     }
 }
 

From 74637caf0dbf88f02ecaf834bc8a70ddc960cdc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:49:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 112/430] fix: hummock manager list version deltas by memory
 (#12412)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs | 21 ++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index a1e55506bc22e..4cc4c7bb6a771 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -1694,26 +1694,21 @@ impl HummockManager {
 
     /// Get version deltas from meta store
     #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[named]
     pub async fn list_version_deltas(
         &self,
         start_id: u64,
         num_limit: u32,
         committed_epoch_limit: HummockEpoch,
     ) -> Result<HummockVersionDeltas> {
-        let ordered_version_deltas: BTreeMap<_, _> =
-            HummockVersionDelta::list(self.env.meta_store())
-                .await?
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|version_delta| (version_delta.id, version_delta))
-                .collect();
-
-        let version_deltas = ordered_version_deltas
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|(id, delta)| {
-                *id >= start_id && delta.max_committed_epoch <= committed_epoch_limit
-            })
-            .map(|(_, v)| v)
+        let versioning = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
+        let version_deltas = versioning
+            .hummock_version_deltas
+            .range(start_id..)
+            .map(|(_id, delta)| delta)
+            .filter(|delta| delta.max_committed_epoch <= committed_epoch_limit)
             .take(num_limit as _)
+            .cloned()
             .collect();
         Ok(HummockVersionDeltas { version_deltas })
     }

From 7177a3ece6e35403f0d4821b87196b3a6f31b58c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:50:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 113/430] refactor(udf): use `cfg_or_panic` for UDF
 implementations (#12416)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                  |  6 ++--
 src/expr/Cargo.toml                         |  1 +
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs               | 31 +++----------------
 src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs | 25 ++-------------
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml             |  2 +-
 src/udf/Cargo.toml                          |  1 +
 src/udf/src/external.rs                     | 34 +++------------------
 7 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a47ade465d8d4..36a3068229fe5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1453,9 +1453,9 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-or-panic"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf85d5384815558275789d91d1895d1d9919a6e2534d6144650f036ac65691a6"
+checksum = "bc7cb2538d4ecc42b6c3b57a83094d8c69894e74468d18cd045a09fdea807358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -6886,6 +6886,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "auto_enums",
  "await-tree",
+ "cfg-or-panic",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
  "criterion",
@@ -7589,6 +7590,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-flight",
  "arrow-schema",
  "arrow-select",
+ "cfg-or-panic",
  "futures-util",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "madsim-tonic",
diff --git a/src/expr/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/Cargo.toml
index 3736cb15700d7..eab539364b32a 100644
--- a/src/expr/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/expr/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
 auto_enums = "0.8"
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
+cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
 chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["clock", "std"] }
 chrono-tz = { version = "0.8", features = ["case-insensitive"] }
 ctor = "0.2"
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 8ba2e801edef4..8f85515b18863 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, Mutex, Weak};
 
 use arrow_schema::{Field, Fields, Schema, SchemaRef};
 use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
+use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
@@ -39,13 +40,13 @@ pub struct UdfExpression {
     span: await_tree::Span,
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Expression for UdfExpression {
     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
         self.return_type.clone()
     }
 
+    #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
         let vis = input.visibility();
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
         self.eval_inner(columns, vis).await
     }
 
+    #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
     async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ impl UdfExpression {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for UdfExpression {
     type Error = ExprError;
 
@@ -167,28 +169,3 @@ pub(crate) fn get_or_create_client(link: &str) -> Result<Arc<ArrowFlightUdfClien
         Ok(client)
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for UdfExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        self.return_type.clone()
-    }
-
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for UdfExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 89c6e3325f26a..aab86bea250a6 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow_array::RecordBatch;
 use arrow_schema::{Field, Fields, Schema, SchemaRef};
+use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
 use futures_util::stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, I32Array};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
@@ -35,13 +36,13 @@ pub struct UserDefinedTableFunction {
     chunk_size: usize,
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TableFunction for UserDefinedTableFunction {
     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
         self.return_type.clone()
     }
 
+    #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
     async fn eval<'a>(&'a self, input: &'a DataChunk) -> BoxStream<'a, Result<DataChunk>> {
         self.eval_inner(input)
     }
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 pub fn new_user_defined(prost: &PbTableFunction, chunk_size: usize) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction> {
     let Some(udtf) = &prost.udtf else {
         bail!("expect UDTF");
@@ -157,23 +158,3 @@ pub fn new_user_defined(prost: &PbTableFunction, chunk_size: usize) -> Result<Bo
     }
     .boxed())
 }
-
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl TableFunction for UserDefinedTableFunction {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-    }
-
-    async fn eval<'a>(&'a self, input: &'a DataChunk) -> BoxStream<'a, Result<DataChunk>> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-pub fn new_user_defined(
-    _prost: &PbTableFunction,
-    _chunk_size: usize,
-) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction> {
-    panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-}
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index ab9201e6ddd3f..127d40855652d 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ normal = ["serde"]
 anyhow = "1.0"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-aws-sdk-s3" }
-cfg-or-panic = "0.1"
+cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 console = "0.15"
 etcd-client = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/udf/Cargo.toml b/src/udf/Cargo.toml
index bad8f46a4c62d..2d13f39bdddc4 100644
--- a/src/udf/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/udf/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-flight = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 arrow-select = { workspace = true }
+cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
 futures-util = "0.3.28"
 static_assertions = "1"
 thiserror = "1"
diff --git a/src/udf/src/external.rs b/src/udf/src/external.rs
index d2e6afe71233d..e77b96f2bdab4 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/external.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/external.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use arrow_flight::error::FlightError;
 use arrow_flight::flight_service_client::FlightServiceClient;
 use arrow_flight::{FlightData, FlightDescriptor};
 use arrow_schema::Schema;
+use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
 use futures_util::{stream, Stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use tonic::transport::Channel;
 
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ pub struct ArrowFlightUdfClient {
     client: FlightServiceClient<Channel>,
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+// TODO: support UDF in simulation
+#[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
     /// Connect to a UDF service.
     pub async fn connect(addr: &str) -> Result<Self> {
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
     }
 
     /// Call a function with streaming input and output.
+    #[panic_return = "Result<stream::Empty<_>>"]
     pub async fn call_stream(
         &self,
         id: &str,
@@ -136,35 +139,6 @@ impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
     }
 }
 
-// TODO: support UDF in simulation
-#[cfg(madsim)]
-impl ArrowFlightUdfClient {
-    /// Connect to a UDF service.
-    pub async fn connect(_addr: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet")
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the function is available.
-    pub async fn check(&self, _id: &str, _args: &Schema, _returns: &Schema) -> Result<()> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet")
-    }
-
-    /// Call a function.
-    pub async fn call(&self, _id: &str, _input: RecordBatch) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet")
-    }
-
-    /// Call a function with streaming input and output.
-    pub async fn call_stream(
-        &self,
-        _id: &str,
-        _inputs: impl Stream<Item = RecordBatch> + Send + 'static,
-    ) -> Result<impl Stream<Item = Result<RecordBatch>> + Send + 'static> {
-        panic!("UDF is not supported in simulation yet");
-        Ok(stream::empty())
-    }
-}
-
 /// Check if two list of data types match, ignoring field names.
 fn data_types_match(a: &[&arrow_schema::DataType], b: &[&arrow_schema::DataType]) -> bool {
     if a.len() != b.len() {

From 948d17dd4e049245a7ef6c07453421905d7b5ee6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 17:16:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 114/430] fix: give more reasonable initial watermark epoch
 (#12417)

---
 src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs | 3 ++-
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs         | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
index e611d0b0d5884..525364b60dc1c 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }
 
         self.mgr
-            .send_barrier(&barrier, req.actor_ids_to_send, req.actor_ids_to_collect)?;
+            .send_barrier(&barrier, req.actor_ids_to_send, req.actor_ids_to_collect)
+            .await?;
 
         Ok(Response::new(InjectBarrierResponse {
             request_id: req.request_id,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index 5129f04d5e8ce..dc07c6986c8e0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::runtime::BackgroundShutdownRuntime;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::LocalSstableInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::common::ActorInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan;
+use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::barrier::BarrierKind;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamNode;
 use risingwave_storage::monitor::HummockTraceFutureExt;
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ impl LocalStreamManager {
     }
 
     /// Broadcast a barrier to all senders. Save a receiver in barrier manager
-    pub fn send_barrier(
+    pub async fn send_barrier(
         &self,
         barrier: &Barrier,
         actor_ids_to_send: impl IntoIterator<Item = ActorId>,
@@ -229,6 +230,11 @@ impl LocalStreamManager {
             .streaming_metrics
             .barrier_inflight_latency
             .start_timer();
+        if barrier.kind == BarrierKind::Initial {
+            let core = self.core.lock().await;
+            core.get_watermark_epoch()
+                .store(barrier.epoch.curr, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+        }
         let mut barrier_manager = self.context.lock_barrier_manager();
         barrier_manager.send_barrier(
             barrier,

From ed96064ebfcd0dfa489ece72f8c1eaab1ad63811 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 17:48:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 115/430] chore: fix duplicated jeprof (again) (#12424)

---
 .config/hakari.toml           |   8 +--
 Cargo.lock                    |  15 -----
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml | 102 ----------------------------------
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index 2aa25a035985a..4d9ec4b357346 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ resolver = "2"
 # Add triples corresponding to platforms commonly used by developers here.
 # https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support.html
 platforms = [
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    # "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    # "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    # "aarch64-apple-darwin",
 ]
 
 # Write out exact versions rather than a semver range. (Defaults to false.)
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 36a3068229fe5..12f7be03b7d2c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9903,11 +9903,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
- "axum",
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
- "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "cc",
  "chrono",
@@ -9946,18 +9944,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "memchr",
- "mime_guess",
- "miniz_oxide",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
- "openssl-sys",
- "opentelemetry",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -9972,15 +9964,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core",
- "rdkafka-sys",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
- "rustix 0.38.11",
- "rustls 0.21.7",
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -9989,8 +9978,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
- "tikv-jemalloc-sys",
- "tikv-jemallocator",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10002,7 +9989,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml_edit",
  "tonic",
  "tower",
- "tower-http",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -10010,7 +9996,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-normalization",
  "url",
  "uuid",
- "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 5d5d6d7bd0902..4f60cf6c03f92 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -152,106 +152,4 @@ time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatti
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
 
-[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-byteorder = { version = "1", features = ["i128"] }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.build-dependencies]
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.x86_64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.dependencies]
-axum = { version = "0.6" }
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-mime_guess = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-openssl-sys = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["vendored"] }
-opentelemetry = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["metrics", "rt-tokio", "trace"] }
-opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = ["rt-tokio"] }
-rdkafka-sys = { git = "https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka", rev = "8ea07c4", default-features = false, features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "libz", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-rustls = { version = "0.21", features = ["dangerous_configuration"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-tikv-jemalloc-sys = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9", features = ["profiling", "stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["add-extension", "cors", "fs"] }
-zstd-sys = { version = "2", features = ["std"] }
-
-[target.aarch64-apple-darwin.build-dependencies]
-memchr = { version = "2" }
-miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["with-alloc"] }
-once_cell = { version = "1", features = ["unstable"] }
-rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["fs", "termios"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
-
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From c8ea5ee309c820cef5c73704d1211e9c3aa58dc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 19:24:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 116/430] refactor(source): refine source macro (#12260)

---
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                      |   2 +
 src/connector/src/macros.rs                   | 318 ++++++++++--------
 src/connector/src/source/base.rs              | 217 +++++++-----
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs           |  44 ++-
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs         |  22 +-
 src/connector/src/source/datagen/split.rs     |  10 +-
 .../src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs      |  12 +-
 .../src/source/google_pubsub/split.rs         |  12 +-
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/split.rs       |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/source/kinesis/split.rs     |  22 +-
 src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs        |  20 +-
 src/connector/src/source/nexmark/split.rs     |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/source/pulsar/split.rs      |  24 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs         |  30 +-
 14 files changed, 424 insertions(+), 329 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index f103346bf14fa..0d1a015f97663 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ pub mod source;
 
 pub mod common;
 
+pub use paste::paste;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct ConnectorParams {
     pub connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/macros.rs b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
index f18bb18462749..792e2066abcca 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
@@ -13,152 +13,225 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! impl_split {
-    ($({ $variant_name:ident, $connector_name:ident, $split:ty} ),*) => {
-        impl From<&SplitImpl> for ConnectorSplit {
-            fn from(split: &SplitImpl) -> Self {
-                match split {
-                    $( SplitImpl::$variant_name(inner) => ConnectorSplit { split_type: String::from($connector_name), encoded_split: inner.encode_to_bytes().to_vec() }, )*
-                }
+macro_rules! for_all_classified_sources {
+    ($macro:path $(,$extra_args:tt)*) => {
+        $macro! {
+            // cdc sources
+            {
+                { Mysql },
+                { Postgres },
+                { Citus }
+            },
+            // other sources
+            {
+                { Kafka, $crate::source::kafka::KafkaProperties, $crate::source::kafka::KafkaSplit },
+                { Pulsar, $crate::source::pulsar::PulsarProperties, $crate::source::pulsar::PulsarSplit },
+                { Kinesis, $crate::source::kinesis::KinesisProperties, $crate::source::kinesis::split::KinesisSplit },
+                { Nexmark, $crate::source::nexmark::NexmarkProperties, $crate::source::nexmark::NexmarkSplit },
+                { Datagen, $crate::source::datagen::DatagenProperties, $crate::source::datagen::DatagenSplit },
+                { GooglePubsub, $crate::source::google_pubsub::PubsubProperties, $crate::source::google_pubsub::PubsubSplit },
+                { Nats, $crate::source::nats::NatsProperties, $crate::source::nats::split::NatsSplit },
+                { S3, $crate::source::filesystem::S3Properties, $crate::source::filesystem::FsSplit }
             }
+            $(
+                ,$extra_args
+            )*
         }
-        $(
-            impl TryFrom<SplitImpl> for $split {
-                type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    };
+}
 
-                fn try_from(split: SplitImpl) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-                    match split {
-                        SplitImpl::$variant_name(inner) => Ok(inner),
-                        other => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("expect {} but get {:?}", stringify!($split), other))
-                    }
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_sources_inner {
+    (
+        {$({ $cdc_source_type:ident }),* },
+        { $({ $source_variant:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty }),* },
+        $macro:tt $(, $extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $crate::paste! {
+            $macro! {
+                {
+                    $(
+                        {
+                            [< $cdc_source_type Cdc >],
+                            $crate::source::cdc::[< $cdc_source_type CdcProperties >],
+                            $crate::source::cdc::DebeziumCdcSplit<$crate::source::cdc::$cdc_source_type>
+                        },
+                    )*
+                    $(
+                        { $source_variant, $prop_name, $split }
+                    ),*
                 }
+                $(,$extra_args)*
             }
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-            impl From<$split> for SplitImpl {
-                fn from(split: $split) -> SplitImpl {
-                    SplitImpl::$variant_name(split)
-                }
-            }
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_sources {
+    ($macro:path $(, $arg:tt )*) => {
+        $crate::for_all_classified_sources! {$crate::for_all_sources_inner, $macro $(,$arg)* }
+    };
+}
 
-        )*
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_source_enum_inner {
+    (
+        {$({$source_variant:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty }),*},
+        $enum_name:ident,
+        $impl:tt,
+        {$inner_name:ident, $prop_type_name:ident, $split_type_name:ident},
+        $body:expr
+    ) => {{
+        match $impl {
+            $(
+                $enum_name::$source_variant($inner_name) => {
+                    type $prop_type_name = $prop_name;
+                    type $split_type_name = $split;
+                    {
+                        $body
+                    }
+                },
+            )*
+        }
+    }}
+}
 
-        impl TryFrom<&ConnectorSplit> for SplitImpl {
-            type Error = anyhow::Error;
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_source_enum {
+    ($enum_name:ident, $impl:expr, $inner_name:tt, $body:expr) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_sources! {$crate::dispatch_source_enum_inner, $enum_name, { $impl }, $inner_name, $body}
+    }};
+}
 
-            fn try_from(split: &ConnectorSplit) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-                match split.split_type.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-                    $( $connector_name => <$split>::restore_from_bytes(split.encoded_split.as_ref()).map(SplitImpl::$variant_name), )*
-                        other => {
-                    Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", other))
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! match_source_name_str_inner {
+    (
+        {$({$source_variant:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty }),*},
+        $source_name_str:expr,
+        $prop_type_name:ident,
+        $body:expr,
+        $on_other_closure:expr
+    ) => {{
+        match $source_name_str {
+            $(
+                <$prop_name>::SOURCE_NAME => {
+                    type $prop_type_name = $prop_name;
+                    {
+                        $body
                     }
-                }
-            }
+                },
+            )*
+            other => ($on_other_closure)(other),
         }
+    }}
+}
 
-        impl SplitMetaData for SplitImpl {
-            fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.id(), )*
-                }
-            }
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! match_source_name_str {
+    ($source_name_str:expr, $prop_type_name:ident, $body:expr, $on_other_closure:expr) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_sources! {
+            $crate::match_source_name_str_inner,
+            { $source_name_str },
+            $prop_type_name,
+            { $body },
+            { $on_other_closure }
+        }
+    }};
+}
 
-            fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
-                use serde_json::json;
-                let inner = self.encode_to_json_inner().take();
-                json!({ SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD: self.get_type(), SPLIT_INFO_FIELD: inner}).into()
-            }
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_split_impl {
+    ($impl:expr, $inner_name:ident, $prop_type_name:ident, $body:expr) => {{
+        use $crate::source::SplitImpl;
+        $crate::dispatch_source_enum! {SplitImpl, { $impl }, {$inner_name, $prop_type_name, IgnoreSplitType}, $body}
+    }};
+}
 
-            fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> Result<Self> {
-                let mut value = value.take();
-                let json_obj = value.as_object_mut().unwrap();
-                let split_type = json_obj.remove(SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD).unwrap().as_str().unwrap().to_string();
-                let inner_value = json_obj.remove(SPLIT_INFO_FIELD).unwrap();
-                Self::restore_from_json_inner(&split_type, inner_value.into())
-            }
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! impl_split {
+    ({$({ $variant_name:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty}),*}) => {
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner, PartialEq, Hash)]
+        pub enum SplitImpl {
+            $(
+                $variant_name($split),
+            )*
         }
 
-        impl SplitImpl {
-            pub fn get_type(&self) -> String {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(_) => $connector_name, )*
-                }
-                    .to_string()
-            }
+        $(
+            impl TryFrom<SplitImpl> for $split {
+                type Error = anyhow::Error;
 
-            pub fn update_in_place(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.update_with_offset(start_offset)?, )*
+                fn try_from(split: SplitImpl) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+                    match split {
+                        SplitImpl::$variant_name(inner) => Ok(inner),
+                        other => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("expect {} but get {:?}", stringify!($split), other))
+                    }
                 }
-                Ok(())
             }
 
-            pub fn encode_to_json_inner(&self) -> JsonbVal {
-                match self {
-                    $( Self::$variant_name(inner) => inner.encode_to_json(), )*
+            impl From<$split> for SplitImpl {
+                fn from(split: $split) -> SplitImpl {
+                    SplitImpl::$variant_name(split)
                 }
             }
 
-            fn restore_from_json_inner(split_type: &str, value: JsonbVal) -> Result<Self> {
-                match split_type.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-                    $( $connector_name => <$split>::restore_from_json(value).map(SplitImpl::$variant_name), )*
-                        other => {
-                    Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", other))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        )*
     }
 }
 
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_source_prop {
+    ($impl:expr, $source_prop:tt, $body:expr) => {{
+        use $crate::source::ConnectorProperties;
+        $crate::dispatch_source_enum! {ConnectorProperties, { $impl }, {$source_prop, IgnorePropType, IgnoreSplitType}, {$body}}
+    }};
+}
+
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_connector_properties {
-    ($({ $variant_name:ident, $connector_name:ident } ),*) => {
-        impl ConnectorProperties {
-            pub fn extract(mut props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
-                const UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY: &str = "connector";
-                let connector = props.remove(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY).ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Must specify 'connector' in WITH clause"))?;
-                use $crate::source::cdc::CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME_SUFFIX;
-                if connector.ends_with(CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME_SUFFIX) {
-                    ConnectorProperties::new_cdc_properties(&connector, props)
-                } else {
-                    let json_value = serde_json::to_value(props).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
-                    match connector.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-                        $(
-                            $connector_name => {
-                                serde_json::from_value(json_value).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e.to_string())).map(Self::$variant_name)
-                            },
-                        )*
-                        _ => {
-                            Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", connector,))
-                        }
-                    }
+    ({$({ $variant_name:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty}),*}) => {
+        #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+        pub enum ConnectorProperties {
+            $(
+                $variant_name(Box<$prop_name>),
+            )*
+        }
+
+        $(
+            impl From<$prop_name> for ConnectorProperties {
+                fn from(prop: $prop_name) -> ConnectorProperties {
+                    ConnectorProperties::$variant_name(Box::new(prop))
                 }
             }
-        }
+        )*
     }
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_cdc_source_type {
-    ($({$source_type:ident, $name:expr }),*) => {
+    (
+        {$({$cdc_source_type:tt}),*},
+        {$($_ignore:tt),*}
+    ) => {
         $(
-            paste!{
+            $crate::paste!{
                 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-                pub struct $source_type;
-                impl CdcSourceTypeTrait for $source_type {
-                    const CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME: &'static str = concat!($name, "-cdc");
+                pub struct $cdc_source_type;
+                impl CdcSourceTypeTrait for $cdc_source_type {
+                    const CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME: &'static str = concat!(stringify!([<$cdc_source_type:lower>]), "-cdc");
                     fn source_type() -> CdcSourceType {
-                        CdcSourceType::$source_type
+                        CdcSourceType::$cdc_source_type
                     }
                 }
-
-                pub type [< $source_type DebeziumSplitEnumerator >] = DebeziumSplitEnumerator<$source_type>;
+                pub type [<$cdc_source_type CdcProperties>] = CdcProperties<$cdc_source_type>;
             }
         )*
 
         pub enum CdcSourceType {
             $(
-                $source_type,
+                $cdc_source_type,
             )*
         }
 
@@ -167,7 +240,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_cdc_source_type {
                 match value {
                     PbSourceType::Unspecified => unreachable!(),
                     $(
-                        PbSourceType::$source_type => CdcSourceType::$source_type,
+                        PbSourceType::$cdc_source_type => CdcSourceType::$cdc_source_type,
                     )*
                 }
             }
@@ -177,47 +250,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_cdc_source_type {
             fn from(this: CdcSourceType) -> PbSourceType {
                 match this {
                     $(
-                        CdcSourceType::$source_type => PbSourceType::$source_type,
-                    )*
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl ConnectorProperties {
-            pub(crate) fn new_cdc_properties(
-                connector_name: &str,
-                properties: HashMap<String, String>,
-            ) -> std::result::Result<Self, anyhow::Error> {
-                match connector_name {
-                    $(
-                        $source_type::CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME => paste! {
-                            Ok(Self::[< $source_type Cdc >](Box::new(CdcProperties::<$source_type> {
-                                props: properties,
-                                ..Default::default()
-                            })))
-                        },
-                    )*
-                    _ => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("unexpected cdc connector '{}'", connector_name,)),
-                }
-            }
-
-            pub fn init_cdc_properties(&mut self, table_schema: PbTableSchema) {
-                match self {
-                    $(
-                         paste! {ConnectorProperties:: [< $source_type Cdc >](c)} => {
-                            c.table_schema = table_schema;
-                         }
-                    )*
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            }
-
-            pub fn is_cdc_connector(&self) -> bool {
-                match self {
-                    $(
-                         paste! {ConnectorProperties:: [< $source_type Cdc >](_)} => true,
+                        CdcSourceType::$cdc_source_type => PbSourceType::$cdc_source_type,
                     )*
-                    _ => false,
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
index da11310d78d56..d02645385b81f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
@@ -27,41 +27,46 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorSuppressor, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{JsonbVal, Scalar};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSource;
 use risingwave_pb::source::ConnectorSplit;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 
 use super::datagen::DatagenMeta;
-use super::filesystem::{FsSplit, S3Properties, S3_CONNECTOR};
+use super::filesystem::FsSplit;
 use super::google_pubsub::GooglePubsubMeta;
 use super::kafka::KafkaMeta;
 use super::monitor::SourceMetrics;
 use super::nexmark::source::message::NexmarkMeta;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
-use crate::source::cdc::{
-    CdcProperties, Citus, DebeziumCdcSplit, Mysql, Postgres, CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR,
-    MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR, POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR,
-};
 pub(crate) use crate::source::common::CommonSplitReader;
-use crate::source::datagen::{DatagenProperties, DatagenSplit, DATAGEN_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::google_pubsub::{PubsubProperties, PubsubSplit, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplit, KAFKA_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::kinesis::split::KinesisSplit;
-use crate::source::kinesis::{KinesisProperties, KINESIS_CONNECTOR};
 use crate::source::monitor::EnumeratorMetrics;
-use crate::source::nats::source::NatsSplit;
-use crate::source::nats::{NatsProperties, NATS_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::nexmark::{NexmarkProperties, NexmarkSplit, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::source::pulsar::{PulsarProperties, PulsarSplit, PULSAR_CONNECTOR};
-use crate::{impl_connector_properties, impl_split};
+use crate::{
+    dispatch_source_prop, dispatch_split_impl, for_all_sources, impl_connector_properties,
+    impl_split, match_source_name_str,
+};
 
 const SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD: &str = "split_type";
 const SPLIT_INFO_FIELD: &str = "split_info";
 
-pub trait SourceProperties: Clone {
+pub trait TryFromHashmap: Sized {
+    fn try_from_hashmap(props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self>;
+}
+
+pub trait SourceProperties: TryFromHashmap + Clone {
     const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str;
     type Split: SplitMetaData + TryFrom<SplitImpl, Error = anyhow::Error> + Into<SplitImpl>;
     type SplitEnumerator: SplitEnumerator<Properties = Self, Split = Self::Split>;
     type SplitReader: SplitReader<Split = Self::Split, Properties = Self>;
+
+    fn init_from_pb_source(&mut self, _source: &PbSource) {}
+}
+
+impl<P: DeserializeOwned> TryFromHashmap for P {
+    fn try_from_hashmap(props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let json_value = serde_json::to_value(props).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+        serde_json::from_value::<P>(json_value).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e.to_string()))
+    }
 }
 
 pub async fn create_split_reader<P: SourceProperties>(
@@ -289,61 +294,60 @@ pub trait SplitReader: Sized + Send {
     fn into_stream(self) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream;
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum ConnectorProperties {
-    Kafka(Box<KafkaProperties>),
-    Pulsar(Box<PulsarProperties>),
-    Kinesis(Box<KinesisProperties>),
-    Nexmark(Box<NexmarkProperties>),
-    Datagen(Box<DatagenProperties>),
-    S3(Box<S3Properties>),
-    MysqlCdc(Box<CdcProperties<Mysql>>),
-    PostgresCdc(Box<CdcProperties<Postgres>>),
-    CitusCdc(Box<CdcProperties<Citus>>),
-    GooglePubsub(Box<PubsubProperties>),
-    Nats(Box<NatsProperties>),
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! dispatch_source_prop {
-    ($impl:expr, $source_prop:ident, $body:tt) => {{
-        use $crate::source::base::ConnectorProperties;
-
-        match $impl {
-            ConnectorProperties::Kafka($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::Pulsar($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::Kinesis($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::Nexmark($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::Datagen($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::S3($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::MysqlCdc($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::PostgresCdc($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::CitusCdc($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::GooglePubsub($source_prop) => $body,
-            ConnectorProperties::Nats($source_prop) => $body,
-        }
-    }};
-}
+for_all_sources!(impl_connector_properties);
 
 impl ConnectorProperties {
+    pub fn extract(mut props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        const UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY: &str = "connector";
+        let connector = props
+            .remove(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Must specify 'connector' in WITH clause"))?;
+        match_source_name_str!(
+            connector.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+            PropType,
+            PropType::try_from_hashmap(props).map(ConnectorProperties::from),
+            |other| Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", other))
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn init_from_pb_source(&mut self, source: &PbSource) {
+        dispatch_source_prop!(self, prop, prop.init_from_pb_source(source))
+    }
+
     pub fn support_multiple_splits(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, ConnectorProperties::Kafka(_))
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum SplitImpl {
-    Kafka(KafkaSplit),
-    Pulsar(PulsarSplit),
-    Kinesis(KinesisSplit),
-    Nexmark(NexmarkSplit),
-    Datagen(DatagenSplit),
-    GooglePubsub(PubsubSplit),
-    MysqlCdc(DebeziumCdcSplit<Mysql>),
-    PostgresCdc(DebeziumCdcSplit<Postgres>),
-    CitusCdc(DebeziumCdcSplit<Citus>),
-    Nats(NatsSplit),
-    S3(FsSplit),
+for_all_sources!(impl_split);
+
+impl From<&SplitImpl> for ConnectorSplit {
+    fn from(split: &SplitImpl) -> Self {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(split, inner, SourcePropType, {
+            ConnectorSplit {
+                split_type: String::from(SourcePropType::SOURCE_NAME),
+                encoded_split: inner.encode_to_bytes().to_vec(),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&ConnectorSplit> for SplitImpl {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+    fn try_from(split: &ConnectorSplit) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match_source_name_str!(
+            split.split_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+            PropType,
+            {
+                <PropType as SourceProperties>::Split::restore_from_bytes(
+                    split.encoded_split.as_ref(),
+                )
+                .map(Into::into)
+            },
+            |other| Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", other))
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 // for the `FsSourceExecutor`
@@ -364,29 +368,68 @@ impl SplitImpl {
     }
 }
 
-impl_connector_properties! {
-    { Kafka, KAFKA_CONNECTOR },
-    { Pulsar, PULSAR_CONNECTOR },
-    { Kinesis, KINESIS_CONNECTOR },
-    { Nexmark, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR },
-    { Datagen, DATAGEN_CONNECTOR },
-    { S3, S3_CONNECTOR },
-    { GooglePubsub, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR},
-    { Nats, NATS_CONNECTOR }
+impl SplitImpl {
+    fn restore_from_json_inner(split_type: &str, value: JsonbVal) -> Result<Self> {
+        match_source_name_str!(
+            split_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+            PropType,
+            <PropType as SourceProperties>::Split::restore_from_json(value).map(Into::into),
+            |other| Err(anyhow!("connector '{}' is not supported", other))
+        )
+    }
 }
 
-impl_split! {
-    { Kafka, KAFKA_CONNECTOR, KafkaSplit },
-    { Pulsar, PULSAR_CONNECTOR, PulsarSplit },
-    { Kinesis, KINESIS_CONNECTOR, KinesisSplit },
-    { Nexmark, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR, NexmarkSplit },
-    { Datagen, DATAGEN_CONNECTOR, DatagenSplit },
-    { GooglePubsub, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR, PubsubSplit },
-    { MysqlCdc, MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR, DebeziumCdcSplit<Mysql> },
-    { PostgresCdc, POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR, DebeziumCdcSplit<Postgres> },
-    { CitusCdc, CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR, DebeziumCdcSplit<Citus> },
-    { S3, S3_CONNECTOR, FsSplit },
-    { Nats, NATS_CONNECTOR, NatsSplit }
+impl SplitMetaData for SplitImpl {
+    fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(self, inner, IgnoreType, inner.id())
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
+        use serde_json::json;
+        let inner = self.encode_to_json_inner().take();
+        json!({ SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD: self.get_type(), SPLIT_INFO_FIELD: inner}).into()
+    }
+
+    fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut value = value.take();
+        let json_obj = value.as_object_mut().unwrap();
+        let split_type = json_obj
+            .remove(SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_str()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_string();
+        let inner_value = json_obj.remove(SPLIT_INFO_FIELD).unwrap();
+        Self::restore_from_json_inner(&split_type, inner_value.into())
+    }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> Result<()> {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(
+            self,
+            inner,
+            IgnoreType,
+            inner.update_with_offset(start_offset)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl SplitImpl {
+    pub fn get_type(&self) -> String {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(self, _ignored, PropType, {
+            PropType::SOURCE_NAME.to_string()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_in_place(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> Result<()> {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(self, inner, IgnoreType, {
+            inner.update_with_offset(start_offset)?
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode_to_json_inner(&self) -> JsonbVal {
+        dispatch_split_impl!(self, inner, IgnoreType, inner.encode_to_json())
+    }
 }
 
 pub type DataType = risingwave_common::types::DataType;
@@ -447,6 +490,7 @@ pub trait SplitMetaData: Sized {
 
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal;
     fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> Result<Self>;
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
 }
 
 /// [`ConnectorState`] maintains the consuming splits' info. In specific split readers,
@@ -461,7 +505,8 @@ mod tests {
     use nexmark::event::EventType;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::source::cdc::MySqlCdcSplit;
+    use crate::source::cdc::{DebeziumCdcSplit, MySqlCdcSplit};
+    use crate::source::kafka::KafkaSplit;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_split_impl_get_fn() -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
index e7054060a6f2b..1d795a7141e84 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/mod.rs
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 pub use enumerator::*;
-use paste::paste;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSource;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{PbSourceType, PbTableSchema, SourceType, TableSchema};
 pub use source::*;
 pub use split::*;
 
-use crate::impl_cdc_source_type;
-use crate::source::{ConnectorProperties, SourceProperties, SplitImpl};
+use crate::source::{SourceProperties, SplitImpl, TryFromHashmap};
+use crate::{for_all_classified_sources, impl_cdc_source_type};
 
 pub const CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME_SUFFIX: &str = "-cdc";
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ pub trait CdcSourceTypeTrait: Send + Sync + Clone + 'static {
     fn source_type() -> CdcSourceType;
 }
 
-impl_cdc_source_type!({ Mysql, "mysql" }, { Postgres, "postgres" }, { Citus, "citus" });
+for_all_classified_sources!(impl_cdc_source_type);
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct CdcProperties<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
@@ -52,6 +53,16 @@ pub struct CdcProperties<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
     pub _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
+impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> TryFromHashmap for CdcProperties<T> {
+    fn try_from_hashmap(props: HashMap<String, String>) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(CdcProperties {
+            props,
+            table_schema: Default::default(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SourceProperties for CdcProperties<T>
 where
     DebeziumCdcSplit<T>: TryFrom<SplitImpl, Error = anyhow::Error> + Into<SplitImpl>,
@@ -62,6 +73,31 @@ where
     type SplitReader = CdcSplitReader<T>;
 
     const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = T::CDC_CONNECTOR_NAME;
+
+    fn init_from_pb_source(&mut self, source: &PbSource) {
+        let pk_indices = source
+            .pk_column_ids
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&id| {
+                source
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|col| col.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap().column_id == id)
+                    .unwrap() as u32
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let table_schema = PbTableSchema {
+            columns: source
+                .columns
+                .iter()
+                .flat_map(|col| &col.column_desc)
+                .cloned()
+                .collect(),
+            pk_indices,
+        };
+        self.table_schema = table_schema;
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CdcProperties<T> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
index 9d13a3c5a6eac..3bd24992f75f0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ pub struct DebeziumCdcSplit<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> {
 
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SplitMetaData for DebeziumCdcSplit<T> {
     fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
+        // TODO: may check T to get the specific cdc type
         assert!(self.mysql_split.is_some() || self.pg_split.is_some());
         if let Some(split) = &self.mysql_split {
             return format!("{}", split.inner.split_id).into();
@@ -149,6 +150,17 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> SplitMetaData for DebeziumCdcSplit<T> {
     fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         serde_json::from_value(value.take()).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        // TODO: may check T to get the specific cdc type
+        assert!(self.mysql_split.is_some() || self.pg_split.is_some());
+        if let Some(split) = &mut self.mysql_split {
+            split.update_with_offset(start_offset)?
+        } else if let Some(split) = &mut self.pg_split {
+            split.update_with_offset(start_offset)?
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> DebeziumCdcSplit<T> {
@@ -196,14 +208,4 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> DebeziumCdcSplit<T> {
         }
         unreachable!("invalid debezium split")
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        assert!(self.mysql_split.is_some() || self.pg_split.is_some());
-        if let Some(split) = &mut self.mysql_split {
-            split.update_with_offset(start_offset)?
-        } else if let Some(split) = &mut self.pg_split {
-            split.update_with_offset(start_offset)?
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/split.rs
index 08babee97fcb9..617b933728837 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/split.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ impl SplitMetaData for DatagenSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<u64>().unwrap());
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl DatagenSplit {
@@ -49,9 +54,4 @@ impl DatagenSplit {
             start_offset,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<u64>().unwrap());
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
index 4711a5080c5ae..d4328289b547f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ impl SplitMetaData for FsSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let offset = start_offset.parse().unwrap();
+        self.offset = offset;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl FsSplit {
@@ -48,10 +54,4 @@ impl FsSplit {
             size,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let offset = start_offset.parse().unwrap();
-        self.offset = offset;
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/split.rs
index d623a9337cf33..1f598eb6852d4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/split.rs
@@ -35,13 +35,6 @@ pub struct PubsubSplit {
     pub(crate) stop_offset: Option<String>,
 }
 
-impl PubsubSplit {
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 impl SplitMetaData for PubsubSplit {
     fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         serde_json::from_value(value.take()).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
@@ -54,4 +47,9 @@ impl SplitMetaData for PubsubSplit {
     fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
         format!("{}-{}", self.subscription, self.index).into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset);
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/split.rs
index 9d67b4496fe52..31c834d5f1609 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/split.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ impl SplitMetaData for KafkaSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<i64>().unwrap());
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl KafkaSplit {
@@ -56,11 +61,6 @@ impl KafkaSplit {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<i64>().unwrap());
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     pub fn get_topic_and_partition(&self) -> (String, i32) {
         (self.topic.clone(), self.partition)
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/split.rs
index 09138d842b8ea..e03ecb59bfcd0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/split.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ impl SplitMetaData for KinesisSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let start_offset = if start_offset.is_empty() {
+            KinesisOffset::Earliest
+        } else {
+            KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(start_offset)
+        };
+
+        self.start_position = start_offset;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl KinesisSplit {
@@ -60,15 +71,4 @@ impl KinesisSplit {
             end_position,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let start_offset = if start_offset.is_empty() {
-            KinesisOffset::Earliest
-        } else {
-            KinesisOffset::SequenceNumber(start_offset)
-        };
-
-        self.start_position = start_offset;
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
index 4072de230d983..d9b3e11b98f87 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nats/split.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,16 @@ impl SplitMetaData for NatsSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_sequence: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let start_sequence = if start_sequence.is_empty() {
+            NatsOffset::Earliest
+        } else {
+            NatsOffset::SequenceNumber(start_sequence)
+        };
+        self.start_sequence = start_sequence;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl NatsSplit {
@@ -60,14 +70,4 @@ impl NatsSplit {
             start_sequence,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_sequence: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let start_sequence = if start_sequence.is_empty() {
-            NatsOffset::Earliest
-        } else {
-            NatsOffset::SequenceNumber(start_sequence)
-        };
-        self.start_sequence = start_sequence;
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/split.rs
index e1730993f5fbc..221fa20cbfe48 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/nexmark/split.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ impl SplitMetaData for NexmarkSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<u64>().unwrap());
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl NexmarkSplit {
@@ -48,9 +53,4 @@ impl NexmarkSplit {
             start_offset,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_offset = Some(start_offset.as_str().parse::<u64>().unwrap());
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/split.rs
index 3f7f1424f0ea3..5e546c0473519 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/pulsar/split.rs
@@ -26,19 +26,6 @@ pub struct PulsarSplit {
     pub(crate) start_offset: PulsarEnumeratorOffset,
 }
 
-impl PulsarSplit {
-    pub fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let start_offset = if start_offset.is_empty() {
-            PulsarEnumeratorOffset::Earliest
-        } else {
-            PulsarEnumeratorOffset::MessageId(start_offset)
-        };
-
-        self.start_offset = start_offset;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 impl SplitMetaData for PulsarSplit {
     fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
         // TODO: should avoid constructing a string every time
@@ -52,4 +39,15 @@ impl SplitMetaData for PulsarSplit {
     fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
         serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
     }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let start_offset = if start_offset.is_empty() {
+            PulsarEnumeratorOffset::Earliest
+        } else {
+            PulsarEnumeratorOffset::MessageId(start_offset)
+        };
+
+        self.start_offset = start_offset;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index cae431aa5b188..d6a7377f19928 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::{
     SplitEnumerator, SplitId, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Source;
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::PbTableSchema;
 use risingwave_pb::source::{ConnectorSplit, ConnectorSplits};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{UnboundedReceiver, UnboundedSender};
@@ -77,30 +76,7 @@ struct ConnectorSourceWorker<P: SourceProperties> {
 
 fn extract_prop_from_source(source: &Source) -> MetaResult<ConnectorProperties> {
     let mut properties = ConnectorProperties::extract(source.properties.clone())?;
-    if properties.is_cdc_connector() {
-        let pk_indices = source
-            .pk_column_ids
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&id| {
-                source
-                    .columns
-                    .iter()
-                    .position(|col| col.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap().column_id == id)
-                    .unwrap() as u32
-            })
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        let table_schema = PbTableSchema {
-            columns: source
-                .columns
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|col| &col.column_desc)
-                .cloned()
-                .collect(),
-            pk_indices,
-        };
-        properties.init_cdc_properties(table_schema);
-    }
+    properties.init_from_pb_source(source);
     Ok(properties)
 }
 
@@ -936,6 +912,10 @@ mod tests {
         fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
             serde_json::from_value(value.take()).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
         }
+
+        fn update_with_offset(&mut self, _start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 
     fn check_all_splits(

From a6ab35f36d4d3b63ac30db74110dba23a1d5d6b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 19:55:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 117/430] feat(sink): do not compact chunk's vis in sink
 (#12428)

---
 src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs |  3 --
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs  | 18 ++++++-----
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs       | 43 +++++++++++----------------
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
index c009621af2135..2b93e28a0be7d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/compact_chunk.rs
@@ -121,9 +121,6 @@ impl StreamChunkCompactor {
         let mut op_row_map: OpRowMap<'_, '_> = new_prehashed_map_with_capacity(estimate_size);
         for (hash_values, c) in &mut chunks {
             for (row, mut op_row) in c.to_rows_mut() {
-                if !op_row.vis() {
-                    continue;
-                }
                 op_row.set_op(op_row.op().normalize_update());
                 let hash = hash_values[row.index()];
                 let stream_key = row.project(&key_indices);
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
index 3175806257e7a..d072c65ad1826 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
@@ -481,14 +481,16 @@ impl StreamChunkMut {
     /// get the mut reference of the stream chunk.
     pub fn to_rows_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (RowRef<'_>, OpRowMutRef<'_>)> {
         unsafe {
-            (0..self.vis.len()).map(|i| {
-                let p = self as *const StreamChunkMut;
-                let p = p as *mut StreamChunkMut;
-                (
-                    RowRef::with_columns(self.columns(), i),
-                    OpRowMutRef { c: &mut *p, i },
-                )
-            })
+            (0..self.vis.len())
+                .filter(|i| self.vis.is_set(*i))
+                .map(|i| {
+                    let p = self as *const StreamChunkMut;
+                    let p = p as *mut StreamChunkMut;
+                    (
+                        RowRef::with_columns(self.columns(), i),
+                        OpRowMutRef { c: &mut *p, i },
+                    )
+                })
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index 2a476ca4e94b8..5e417d922e1ae 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use prometheus::Histogram;
+use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunkMut;
 use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkType;
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ use risingwave_connector::sink::{
 use super::error::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult};
 use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
 use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter};
-use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{expect_first_barrier, ActorContextRef, BoxedMessageStream};
 
@@ -57,15 +56,16 @@ struct SinkMetrics {
 }
 
 // Drop all the DELETE messages in this chunk and convert UPDATE INSERT into INSERT.
-fn force_append_only(chunk: StreamChunk, data_types: Vec<DataType>) -> Option<StreamChunk> {
-    let mut builder = StreamChunkBuilder::new(chunk.cardinality() + 1, data_types);
-    for (op, row_ref) in chunk.rows() {
-        if op == Op::Insert || op == Op::UpdateInsert {
-            let none = builder.append_row(Op::Insert, row_ref);
-            assert!(none.is_none());
+fn force_append_only(c: StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk {
+    let mut c: StreamChunkMut = c.into();
+    for (_, mut r) in c.to_rows_mut() {
+        match r.op() {
+            Op::Insert => {}
+            Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => r.set_vis(false),
+            Op::UpdateInsert => r.set_op(Op::Insert),
         }
     }
-    builder.take()
+    c.into()
 }
 
 impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             self.input,
             self.pk_indices,
             self.log_writer,
-            self.input_columns.clone(),
             self.sink_param.sink_type,
             self.actor_context,
         );
@@ -139,17 +138,11 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         input: BoxedExecutor,
         stream_key: PkIndices,
         mut log_writer: impl LogWriter,
-        columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         sink_type: SinkType,
         actor_context: ActorContextRef,
     ) {
         let mut input = input.execute();
 
-        let data_types = columns
-            .iter()
-            .map(|col| col.column_desc.data_type.clone())
-            .collect_vec();
-
         let barrier = expect_first_barrier(&mut input).await?;
 
         let epoch_pair = barrier.epoch;
@@ -169,21 +162,19 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
                     // Compact the chunk to eliminate any useless intermediate result (e.g. UPDATE
                     // V->V).
                     let chunk = merge_chunk_row(chunk, &stream_key);
-                    let visible_chunk = if sink_type == SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
+                    let chunk = if sink_type == SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
                         // Force append-only by dropping UPDATE/DELETE messages. We do this when the
                         // user forces the sink to be append-only while it is actually not based on
                         // the frontend derivation result.
-                        force_append_only(chunk.clone(), data_types.clone())
+                        force_append_only(chunk)
                     } else {
-                        Some(chunk.clone().compact())
+                        chunk
                     };
 
-                    if let Some(chunk) = visible_chunk {
-                        log_writer.write_chunk(chunk.clone()).await?;
+                    log_writer.write_chunk(chunk.clone()).await?;
 
-                        // Use original chunk instead of the reordered one as the executor output.
-                        yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
-                    }
+                    // Use original chunk instead of the reordered one as the executor output.
+                    yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
                     log_writer
@@ -425,7 +416,7 @@ mod test {
 
         let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
-            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap(),
+            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().compact(),
             StreamChunk::from_pretty(
                 " I I I
                 + 3 2 1",
@@ -437,7 +428,7 @@ mod test {
 
         let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
-            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap(),
+            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().compact(),
             StreamChunk::from_pretty(
                 " I I I
                 + 3 4 1

From afd5791dc77a095d4f884bc01a0e3988aee317fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:07:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 118/430] fix(storage): revert write limit config for
 ci-delete-range-test (#12430)

---
 src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml b/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
index 703390b658541..6a1c271dd1448 100644
--- a/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
+++ b/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ telemetry_enabled = false
 
 [system]
 max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs = 0
+
+[meta.compaction_config]
+level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number = 1000
\ No newline at end of file

From 441583a276c0f7c2984f7fea37362d1f2737c1f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:11:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 119/430] refactor(state-store): use dyn_clone for boxed state
 store and remove HummockTrait (#12409)

---
 src/compute/src/server.rs     |   2 +-
 src/storage/src/store_impl.rs | 145 ++++++++--------------------------
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/server.rs b/src/compute/src/server.rs
index a86bf198efaf4..830e5a7d6d5da 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/server.rs
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
     observer_manager.start().await;
 
     let mut extra_info_sources: Vec<ExtraInfoSourceRef> = vec![];
-    if let Some(storage) = state_store.as_hummock_trait() {
+    if let Some(storage) = state_store.as_hummock() {
         extra_info_sources.push(storage.sstable_object_id_manager().clone());
         if embedded_compactor_enabled {
             tracing::info!("start embedded compactor");
diff --git a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
index 7c6220a8cc868..b2fc43dc40b06 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
@@ -22,15 +22,11 @@ use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::RpcNotificationClient;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::parse_remote_object_store;
 
 use crate::error::StorageResult;
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::{
-    FilterKeyExtractorManager, RemoteTableAccessor, RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager,
-};
-use crate::hummock::backup_reader::BackupReaderRef;
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::{RemoteTableAccessor, RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager};
 use crate::hummock::hummock_meta_client::MonitoredHummockMetaClient;
-use crate::hummock::sstable_store::SstableStoreRef;
 use crate::hummock::{
     set_foyer_metrics_registry, FileCache, FoyerRuntimeConfig, FoyerStoreConfig, HummockError,
-    HummockStorage, MemoryLimiter, SstableObjectIdManagerRef, SstableStore,
+    HummockStorage, SstableStore,
 };
 use crate::memory::sled::SledStateStore;
 use crate::memory::MemoryStateStore;
@@ -41,9 +37,9 @@ use crate::monitor::{
 use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
 use crate::StateStore;
 
-pub type HummockStorageType = impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait;
-pub type MemoryStateStoreType = impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait;
-pub type SledStateStoreType = impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait;
+pub type HummockStorageType = impl StateStore + AsHummock;
+pub type MemoryStateStoreType = impl StateStore + AsHummock;
+pub type SledStateStoreType = impl StateStore + AsHummock;
 
 /// The type erased [`StateStore`].
 #[derive(Clone, EnumAsInner)]
@@ -66,9 +62,7 @@ pub enum StateStoreImpl {
     SledStateStore(Monitored<SledStateStoreType>),
 }
 
-fn may_dynamic_dispatch(
-    state_store: impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait,
-) -> impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait {
+fn may_dynamic_dispatch(state_store: impl StateStore + AsHummock) -> impl StateStore + AsHummock {
     #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
     {
         state_store
@@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ fn may_dynamic_dispatch(
     }
 }
 
-fn may_verify(state_store: impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait) -> impl StateStore + AsHummockTrait {
+fn may_verify(state_store: impl StateStore + AsHummock) -> impl StateStore + AsHummock {
     #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
     {
         state_store
@@ -143,30 +137,11 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
-        {
-            match self {
-                StateStoreImpl::HummockStateStore(hummock) => Some(
-                    hummock
-                        .inner()
-                        .as_hummock_trait()
-                        .expect("should be hummock"),
-                ),
-                _ => None,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
         match self {
-            StateStoreImpl::HummockStateStore(hummock) => Some(
-                hummock
-                    .inner()
-                    .as_hummock_trait()
-                    .expect("should be hummock")
-                    .as_hummock()
-                    .expect("should be hummock"),
-            ),
+            StateStoreImpl::HummockStateStore(hummock) => {
+                Some(hummock.inner().as_hummock().expect("should be hummock"))
+            }
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -235,9 +210,10 @@ pub mod verify {
     use tracing::log::warn;
 
     use crate::error::{StorageError, StorageResult};
+    use crate::hummock::HummockStorage;
     use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
     use crate::store::*;
-    use crate::store_impl::{AsHummockTrait, HummockTrait};
+    use crate::store_impl::AsHummock;
     use crate::StateStore;
 
     fn assert_result_eq<Item: PartialEq + Debug, E>(
@@ -264,9 +240,9 @@ pub mod verify {
         pub expected: Option<E>,
     }
 
-    impl<A: AsHummockTrait, E> AsHummockTrait for VerifyStateStore<A, E> {
-        fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
-            self.actual.as_hummock_trait()
+    impl<A: AsHummock, E> AsHummock for VerifyStateStore<A, E> {
+        fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
+            self.actual.as_hummock()
         }
     }
 
@@ -676,60 +652,24 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
     }
 }
 
-/// This trait is for aligning some common methods of `state_store_impl` for external use
-pub trait HummockTrait {
-    fn sstable_object_id_manager(&self) -> &SstableObjectIdManagerRef;
-    fn sstable_store(&self) -> SstableStoreRef;
-    fn filter_key_extractor_manager(&self) -> &FilterKeyExtractorManager;
-    fn get_memory_limiter(&self) -> Arc<MemoryLimiter>;
-    fn backup_reader(&self) -> BackupReaderRef;
+pub trait AsHummock {
     fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage>;
 }
 
-impl HummockTrait for HummockStorage {
-    fn sstable_object_id_manager(&self) -> &SstableObjectIdManagerRef {
-        self.sstable_object_id_manager()
-    }
-
-    fn sstable_store(&self) -> SstableStoreRef {
-        self.sstable_store()
-    }
-
-    fn filter_key_extractor_manager(&self) -> &FilterKeyExtractorManager {
-        self.filter_key_extractor_manager()
-    }
-
-    fn get_memory_limiter(&self) -> Arc<MemoryLimiter> {
-        self.get_memory_limiter()
-    }
-
-    fn backup_reader(&self) -> BackupReaderRef {
-        self.backup_reader()
-    }
-
+impl AsHummock for HummockStorage {
     fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
         Some(self)
     }
 }
 
-pub trait AsHummockTrait {
-    fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait>;
-}
-
-impl AsHummockTrait for HummockStorage {
-    fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
-        Some(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsHummockTrait for MemoryStateStore {
-    fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
+impl AsHummock for MemoryStateStore {
+    fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
         None
     }
 }
 
-impl AsHummockTrait for SledStateStore {
-    fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
+impl AsHummock for SledStateStore {
+    fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
         None
     }
 }
@@ -740,14 +680,16 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
     use std::ops::{Bound, Deref, DerefMut};
 
     use bytes::Bytes;
+    use dyn_clone::{clone_trait_object, DynClone};
     use futures::stream::BoxStream;
     use futures::StreamExt;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
 
     use crate::error::StorageResult;
+    use crate::hummock::HummockStorage;
     use crate::store::*;
-    use crate::store_impl::{AsHummockTrait, HummockTrait};
+    use crate::store_impl::AsHummock;
     use crate::StateStore;
 
     // For StateStoreRead
@@ -1037,44 +979,23 @@ pub mod boxed_state_store {
         }
     }
 
-    // With this trait, we can implement `Clone` for BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore
-    pub trait DynamicDispatchedStateStoreCloneBox {
-        fn clone_box(&self) -> BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore;
-    }
-
     pub trait DynamicDispatchedStateStore:
-        DynamicDispatchedStateStoreCloneBox
-        + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead
-        + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreExt
-        + AsHummockTrait
+        DynClone + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreExt + AsHummock
     {
     }
 
-    impl<
-            S: DynamicDispatchedStateStoreCloneBox
-                + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead
-                + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreExt
-                + AsHummockTrait,
-        > DynamicDispatchedStateStore for S
-    {
-    }
+    clone_trait_object!(DynamicDispatchedStateStore);
 
-    impl<S: StateStore + AsHummockTrait> DynamicDispatchedStateStoreCloneBox for S {
-        fn clone_box(&self) -> BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore {
-            Box::new(self.clone())
+    impl AsHummock for BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore {
+        fn as_hummock(&self) -> Option<&HummockStorage> {
+            self.deref().as_hummock()
         }
     }
 
-    impl AsHummockTrait for BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore {
-        fn as_hummock_trait(&self) -> Option<&dyn HummockTrait> {
-            self.deref().as_hummock_trait()
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl Clone for BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore {
-        fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-            self.deref().clone_box()
-        }
+    impl<
+            S: DynClone + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreRead + DynamicDispatchedStateStoreExt + AsHummock,
+        > DynamicDispatchedStateStore for S
+    {
     }
 
     impl StateStore for BoxDynamicDispatchedStateStore {

From fa6c3914f4b171924ae9c107de16c50b2546c0bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Renjie Liu <liurenjie2008@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:34:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 120/430] refactor: Use icelake catalog api to simplify things.
 (#12303)

---
 Cargo.lock                           |  46 ++++++-
 Cargo.toml                           |   2 +-
 e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs    | 175 +++++++++++++--------------
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs        |   2 +-
 5 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 12f7be03b7d2c..55c4f366b0b1e 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1781,6 +1781,15 @@ version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aca749d3d3f5b87a0d6100509879f9cf486ab510803a4a4e1001da1ff61c2bd6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec182b0ca2f35d8fc196cf3404988fd8b8c739a4d270ff118a398feb0cbec1ca"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.3"
@@ -2508,6 +2517,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "enum-display"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "96d4df33d54dd1959d177a0e2c2f4e5a8637a3054aa56861ed7e173ad2043fe2"
+dependencies = [
+ "enum-display-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enum-display-macro"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0ce3a36047ede676eb0d2721d065beed8410cf4f113f489604d2971331cb378"
+dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "enum-iterator"
 version = "1.4.1"
@@ -3576,8 +3605,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "icelake"
-version = "0.0.9"
-source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=a6790d17094754959e351fac1e11147e37643e97#a6790d17094754959e351fac1e11147e37643e97"
+version = "0.0.10"
+source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd#85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "apache-avro 0.15.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -3591,21 +3620,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
+ "csv",
+ "enum-display",
  "faster-hex",
  "futures",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "log",
+ "murmur3",
  "once_cell",
  "opendal",
  "ordered-float 3.9.1",
  "parquet",
  "regex",
+ "reqwest",
  "rust_decimal",
  "serde",
  "serde_bytes",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
  "tokio",
+ "toml 0.7.8",
  "url",
+ "urlencoding",
  "uuid",
 ]
 
@@ -4473,6 +4509,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "murmur3"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9252111cf132ba0929b6f8e030cac2a24b507f3a4d6db6fb2896f27b354c714b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mysql-common-derive"
 version = "0.30.2"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 5742b9efc3713..ccca32af0b9e8 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
 tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.3.1" }
 tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.3.1" }
-icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "a6790d17094754959e351fac1e11147e37643e97" }
+icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd" }
 arrow-array = "46"
 arrow-schema = "46"
 arrow-buffer = "46"
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt b/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
index 59af62b5a1b46..126ed4bbf4f4b 100644
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@ CREATE SINK s6 AS select * from mv6 WITH (
     connector = 'iceberg',
     type = 'append-only',
     force_append_only = 'true',
+    database.name = 'demo',
+    table.name = 'demo_db.demo_table',
+
+    catalog.type = 'storage',
     warehouse.path = 's3://icebergdata/demo',
     s3.endpoint = 'http://127.0.0.1:9301',
-    s3.access.key = 'hummockadmin',
-    s3.secret.key = 'hummockadmin',
-    database.name='demo_db',
-    table.name='demo_table'
+    s3.access.key = 'admin',
+    s3.secret.key = 'password'
 );
 
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 8d19cc0ad705c..0238c66d43788 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -14,17 +14,15 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use arrow_array::RecordBatch;
 use arrow_schema::{DataType as ArrowDataType, Schema as ArrowSchema};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use icelake::config::{TableConfig, TableConfigRef};
+use icelake::catalog::{load_catalog, CATALOG_NAME, CATALOG_TYPE};
 use icelake::transaction::Transaction;
 use icelake::types::{data_file_from_json, data_file_to_json, DataFile};
-use icelake::Table;
-use opendal::services::S3;
+use icelake::{Table, TableIdentifier};
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
@@ -35,7 +33,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::Value;
-use url::Url;
 
 use super::{
     Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
@@ -57,15 +54,29 @@ pub type RemoteIcebergConfig = RemoteConfig;
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct IcebergConfig {
     #[serde(skip_serializing)]
-    pub connector: String, // Must be "kafka" here.
+    pub connector: String, // Must be "iceberg" here.
 
     pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
 
     #[serde(default, deserialize_with = "deserialize_bool_from_string")]
     pub force_append_only: bool,
 
+    #[serde(rename = "table.name")]
+    pub table_name: String, // Full name of table, must include schema name
+
+    #[serde(rename = "database.name")]
+    pub database_name: String, // Use as catalog name.
+
+    // Catalog type supported by iceberg, such as "storage", "rest".
+    // If not set, we use "storage" as default.
+    #[serde(rename = "catalog.type")]
+    pub catalog_type: Option<String>,
+
     #[serde(rename = "warehouse.path")]
-    pub path: String,
+    pub path: Option<String>, // Path of iceberg warehouse, only applicable in storage catalog.
+
+    #[serde(rename = "catalog.uri")]
+    pub uri: Option<String>, // URI of iceberg catalog, only applicable in rest catalog.
 
     #[serde(rename = "s3.region")]
     pub region: Option<String>,
@@ -78,26 +89,12 @@ pub struct IcebergConfig {
 
     #[serde(rename = "s3.secret.key")]
     pub secret_key: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "database.name")]
-    pub database_name: String,
-
-    #[serde(rename = "table.name")]
-    pub table_name: String,
-
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    pub iceberg_table_config: TableConfigRef,
 }
 
 impl IcebergConfig {
     pub fn from_hashmap(values: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let iceberg_table_config =
-            Arc::new(TableConfig::try_from(&values).map_err(|e| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(e)))?);
-        let mut config =
-            serde_json::from_value::<IcebergConfig>(serde_json::to_value(values).unwrap())
-                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
-
-        config.iceberg_table_config = iceberg_table_config;
+        let config = serde_json::from_value::<IcebergConfig>(serde_json::to_value(values).unwrap())
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
 
         if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
@@ -108,21 +105,66 @@ impl IcebergConfig {
             )));
         }
 
-        if config.endpoint.is_none() && config.region.is_none() {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "You must fill either s3 region or s3 endpoint",
-            )));
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    fn build_iceberg_configs(&self) -> HashMap<String, String> {
+        let mut iceberg_configs = HashMap::new();
+        iceberg_configs.insert(
+            CATALOG_TYPE.to_string(),
+            self.catalog_type
+                .as_deref()
+                .unwrap_or("storage")
+                .to_string(),
+        );
+        iceberg_configs.insert(
+            CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
+            self.database_name.clone().to_string(),
+        );
+        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
+            iceberg_configs.insert(
+                format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.warehouse", self.database_name),
+                path.clone().to_string(),
+            );
         }
 
-        Ok(config)
+        if let Some(uri) = &self.uri {
+            iceberg_configs.insert(
+                format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.uri", self.database_name),
+                uri.clone().to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        if let Some(region) = &self.region {
+            iceberg_configs.insert(
+                "iceberg.catalog.table.io.region".to_string(),
+                region.clone().to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        if let Some(endpoint) = &self.endpoint {
+            iceberg_configs.insert(
+                "iceberg.catalog.table.io.endpoint".to_string(),
+                endpoint.clone().to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        iceberg_configs.insert(
+            "iceberg.catalog.table.io.access_key_id".to_string(),
+            self.access_key.clone().to_string(),
+        );
+        iceberg_configs.insert(
+            "iceberg.catalog.table.io.secret_access_key".to_string(),
+            self.secret_key.clone().to_string(),
+        );
+
+        iceberg_configs
     }
 }
 
 pub struct IcebergSink {
     config: IcebergConfig,
     param: SinkParam,
-    table_root: String,
-    bucket_name: String,
 }
 
 impl Debug for IcebergSink {
@@ -135,32 +177,17 @@ impl Debug for IcebergSink {
 
 impl IcebergSink {
     async fn create_table(&self) -> Result<Table> {
-        let mut builder = S3::default();
-
-        // Sink will not load config from file.
-        builder.disable_config_load();
-
-        builder
-            .root(&self.table_root)
-            .bucket(&self.bucket_name)
-            .access_key_id(&self.config.access_key)
-            .secret_access_key(&self.config.secret_key);
-
-        if let Some(region) = &self.config.region {
-            builder.region(region);
-        }
-
-        if let Some(endpoint) = &self.config.endpoint {
-            builder.endpoint(endpoint);
-        }
+        let catalog = load_catalog(&self.config.build_iceberg_configs())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Unable to load iceberg catalog: {e}")))?;
 
-        let op = opendal::Operator::new(builder)
-            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("{err}")))?
-            .finish();
+        let table_id = TableIdentifier::new(self.config.table_name.split('.'))
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Unable to parse table name: {e}")))?;
 
-        let table = Table::open_with_config(op, self.config.iceberg_table_config.clone())
+        let table = catalog
+            .load_table(&table_id)
             .await
-            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Create table fail: {}", err)))?;
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?;
 
         let sink_schema = self.param.schema();
         let iceberg_schema = table
@@ -176,42 +203,7 @@ impl IcebergSink {
         Ok(table)
     }
 
-    /// Parse bucket name and table root path.
-    ///
-    /// return (bucket name, table root path)
-    fn parse_bucket_and_root_from_path(config: &IcebergConfig) -> Result<(String, String)> {
-        let url = Url::parse(&config.path).map_err(|err| {
-            SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "Fail to parse Invalid path: {}, caused by: {}",
-                &config.path,
-                err
-            ))
-        })?;
-
-        let scheme = url.scheme();
-        if scheme != "s3a" && scheme != "s3" && scheme != "s3n" {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "Invalid path: {}, only support s3a,s3,s3n prefix",
-                &config.path
-            )));
-        }
-
-        let bucket = url
-            .host_str()
-            .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("Invalid path: {}", &config.path)))?;
-        let root = url.path();
-
-        let table_root_path = if root.is_empty() {
-            format!("/{}/{}", config.database_name, config.table_name)
-        } else {
-            format!("{}/{}/{}", root, config.database_name, config.table_name)
-        };
-
-        Ok((bucket.to_string(), table_root_path))
-    }
-
     pub fn new(config: IcebergConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
-        let (bucket_name, table_root) = Self::parse_bucket_and_root_from_path(&config)?;
         // TODO(ZENOTME): Only support append-only mode now.
         if !config.force_append_only {
             return Err(SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(
@@ -219,12 +211,7 @@ impl IcebergSink {
             )));
         }
 
-        Ok(Self {
-            config,
-            param,
-            table_root,
-            bucket_name,
-        })
+        Ok(Self { config, param })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 9588e00aa655a..988f316d178c9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             SinkImpl::ClickHouse(_) => "clickhouse",
             SinkImpl::Iceberg(_) => "iceberg",
             SinkImpl::Nats(_) => "nats",
-            SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg(_) => "iceberg",
+            SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg(_) => "iceberg_java",
             SinkImpl::TestSink(_) => "test",
         }
     }

From 104373868b5b43f93af6e35ca265639241841a2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:59:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 121/430] chore(test): disable flaky test temporarily (#12427)

---
 src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs b/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
index 858e9bc432b96..a60b24f583b03 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
@@ -409,6 +409,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
+    // see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11979
+    #[ignore]
     async fn test_task_cancel_for_busy_loop() {
         let manager = Arc::new(BatchManager::new(
             BatchConfig::default(),
@@ -437,6 +439,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
+    // see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11979
+    #[ignore]
     async fn test_task_abort_for_busy_loop() {
         let manager = Arc::new(BatchManager::new(
             BatchConfig::default(),

From 5cd4082fb261644a84e01d38f8e8d91a4af39f8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Renjie Liu <liurenjie2008@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 21:08:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 122/430] refactor: Use icelake catalog api to simplify things.
 (#12303)


From 7324a950125226298f50b6f6462bc70072b0712c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 22:52:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 123/430] fix(meta): fix backwards compat issues for
 `Table::stream_job_status` field (#12434)

---
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs         | 15 ++++++++++++---
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs |  5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
index 9531e663a587a..ad1928e0bdd50 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
@@ -149,18 +149,27 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
             self.schemas.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
             self.tables
                 .values()
-                .filter(|t| t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .filter(|t| {
+                    t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Unspecified as i32
+                        || t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32
+                })
                 .cloned()
                 .collect_vec(),
             self.sources.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
             self.sinks
                 .values()
-                .filter(|s| s.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .filter(|t| {
+                    t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Unspecified as i32
+                        || t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32
+                })
                 .cloned()
                 .collect_vec(),
             self.indexes
                 .values()
-                .filter(|i| i.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+                .filter(|t| {
+                    t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Unspecified as i32
+                        || t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32
+                })
                 .cloned()
                 .collect_vec(),
             self.views.values().cloned().collect_vec(),
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
index 06f87e6d194c1..18bdc30c4165f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
@@ -124,7 +124,10 @@ impl NotificationServiceImpl {
             .database
             .list_tables()
             .into_iter()
-            .filter(|t| t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32)
+            .filter(|t| {
+                t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Unspecified as i32
+                    || t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32
+            })
             .collect_vec();
         tables.extend(catalog_guard.database.list_creating_tables());
         let notification_version = self.env.notification_manager().current_version().await;

From f6dff66a1d4fd328889adf148173632e19474263 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:15:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 124/430] chore: build dashboard in Dockerfile (#12421)

---
 Makefile.toml                      | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 dashboard/README.md                | 20 ++++++++------------
 dashboard/mock/fetch.sh            |  3 +++
 dashboard/next.config.js           | 17 ++++++++++-------
 dashboard/package-lock.json        | 12 ++++++------
 docker/Dockerfile                  | 17 +++++++++++++----
 docs/developer-guide.md            | 19 ++-----------------
 src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs |  8 ++++----
 8 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index ac237fac06628..d2dfae88e6962 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ alias = "build-risingwave"
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
 description = "Extract dashboard artifact"
-condition = { env_not_set = ["ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD_V2"] }
+condition = { env_not_set = ["ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD"] }
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
@@ -377,11 +377,19 @@ git worktree prune
 git worktree add "${PREFIX_UI}" origin/dashboard-artifact
 '''
 
-[tasks.export-dashboard-v2]
+[tasks.export-dashboard]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
-description = "Build dashboard v2"
-condition = { env_set = ["ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD_V2"] }
+description = "Build dashboard"
+condition = { env_set = [
+  "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD",
+], files_modified = { input = [
+  "./dashboard/**/*.js",
+  "./dashboard/package.json",
+  "./dashboard/next.config.js",
+], output = [
+  "./dashboard/out/**/*.html",
+] } }
 script = """
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
@@ -523,7 +531,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "build-connector-node",
   "post-build-risingwave",
   "extract-dashboard-artifact",
-  "export-dashboard-v2",
+  "export-dashboard",
   "prepare-config",
 ]
 
diff --git a/dashboard/README.md b/dashboard/README.md
index 28a9c29f4c6e8..fd4986b4b5bc3 100644
--- a/dashboard/README.md
+++ b/dashboard/README.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ TODO: Find a suitable testing framework
 
 ## Development
 
-Start the RisingWave database, remove drop tables from `tpch_snapshot.slt`
+Start the RisingWave database, and create tables by removing drop tables from `tpch_snapshot.slt`
 
 ```bash
 ./risedev d
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Install Dependencies.
 npm i
 ```
 
-The website will be served at port 3000.
+The website will be served at port 3000. It requests data from the mock server at port 32333.
 
 ```bash
 npm run dev
@@ -50,10 +50,11 @@ npm run dev
 You should also run:
 
 ```bash
+./mock/fetch.sh # dump current data from RisingWave meta node to be used by mock server
 node mock-server.js
 ```
 
-To start a mock API server when developing. You can use `fetch.sh` to update the mock APIs.
+To start a mock API server when developing.
 
 ## Test with RisingWave meta node
 
@@ -61,9 +62,11 @@ To replace the built static files in RisingWave with your newest code,
 run the following scripts in the root directory.
 
 ```bash
-./risedev export-dashboard-v2
+./risedev export-dashboard
 ```
 
+The dashboard will be served by meta node at port 5691.
+
 ## Deployment
 
 ### Generate the protos
@@ -79,11 +82,4 @@ Check more details at [Static HTML Export](https://nextjs.org/docs/advanced-feat
 npm run build-static
 ```
 
-#### Next.js app
-
-The built files are generated at `./.next`.
-
-```bash
-npm run build
-npm run start
-```
+The built files are generated at `./out`.
diff --git a/dashboard/mock/fetch.sh b/dashboard/mock/fetch.sh
index 463d2a836c633..5cc278e01d0c5 100755
--- a/dashboard/mock/fetch.sh
+++ b/dashboard/mock/fetch.sh
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 set -e
 
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+set -v
 curl http://localhost:5691/api/actors > actors.json
 curl http://localhost:5691/api/clusters/0 > cluster_0.json
 curl http://localhost:5691/api/clusters/1 > cluster_1.json
diff --git a/dashboard/next.config.js b/dashboard/next.config.js
index b9b76901086ee..6a82469449776 100644
--- a/dashboard/next.config.js
+++ b/dashboard/next.config.js
@@ -15,17 +15,20 @@
  *
  */
 
-module.exports = () => {
-  const rewrites = () => {
+/**
+ * @type {import('next').NextConfig}
+ */
+const nextConfig = {
+  trailingSlash: true,
+
+  rewrites: () => {
     return [
       {
         source: "/api/:path*",
         destination: "http://localhost:32333/:path*",
       },
     ]
-  }
-  return {
-    rewrites,
-    trailingSlash: true,
-  }
+  },
 }
+
+module.exports = nextConfig
diff --git a/dashboard/package-lock.json b/dashboard/package-lock.json
index e72946b00bff7..e9cb795252f6c 100644
--- a/dashboard/package-lock.json
+++ b/dashboard/package-lock.json
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@adobe/css-tools": {
-      "version": "4.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adobe/css-tools/-/css-tools-4.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+u76oB43nOHrF4DDWRLWDCtci7f3QJoEBigemIdIeTi1ODqjx6Tad9NCVnPRwewWlKkVab5PlK8DCtPTyX7S8g==",
+      "version": "4.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adobe/css-tools/-/css-tools-4.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/62yikz7NLScCGAAST5SHdnjaDJQBDq0M2muyRTpf2VQhw6StBg2ALiu73zSJQ4fMVLA+0uBhBHAle7Wg+2kSg==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@ampproject/remapping": {
@@ -10927,9 +10927,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "@adobe/css-tools": {
-      "version": "4.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adobe/css-tools/-/css-tools-4.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+u76oB43nOHrF4DDWRLWDCtci7f3QJoEBigemIdIeTi1ODqjx6Tad9NCVnPRwewWlKkVab5PlK8DCtPTyX7S8g==",
+      "version": "4.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adobe/css-tools/-/css-tools-4.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/62yikz7NLScCGAAST5SHdnjaDJQBDq0M2muyRTpf2VQhw6StBg2ALiu73zSJQ4fMVLA+0uBhBHAle7Wg+2kSg==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "@ampproject/remapping": {
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index d788b4f435a0d..547d7aed477bf 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -5,6 +5,18 @@ ENV LANG en_US.utf8
 RUN apt-get update \
   && apt-get -y install ca-certificates build-essential libsasl2-dev openjdk-11-jdk
 
+FROM base AS dashboard-builder
+
+RUN apt-get install -y curl gnupg protobuf-compiler && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+  && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg \
+  && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
+  && apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+
+COPY ./dashboard/ /risingwave/dashboard
+COPY ./proto  /risingwave/proto
+
+RUN cd /risingwave/dashboard && npm i && npm run build-static && rm -rf node_modules
+
 FROM base AS builder
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install make cmake protobuf-compiler curl bash lld maven unzip
@@ -26,9 +38,6 @@ ENV IN_CONTAINER=1
 ARG GIT_SHA
 ENV GIT_SHA=$GIT_SHA
 
-RUN curl -LO https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/archive/refs/heads/dashboard-artifact.zip
-RUN unzip dashboard-artifact.zip && mv risingwave-dashboard-artifact /risingwave/ui && rm dashboard-artifact.zip
-
 # We need to add the `rustfmt` dependency, otherwise `risingwave_pb` will not compile
 RUN rustup self update \
   && rustup set profile minimal \
@@ -60,7 +69,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && mkdir -p /risingwave/lib
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave /risingwave/bin/risingwave
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/connector-node /risingwave/bin/connector-node
-COPY --from=builder /risingwave/ui /risingwave/ui
+COPY --from=dashboard-builder /risingwave/dashboard/out /risingwave/ui
 COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/jeprof /usr/local/bin/jeprof
 
 # Set default playground mode to docker-playground profile
diff --git a/docs/developer-guide.md b/docs/developer-guide.md
index e256d1a5ebd83..44d57f7c690a1 100644
--- a/docs/developer-guide.md
+++ b/docs/developer-guide.md
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ http://ecotrust-canada.github.io/markdown-toc/
   * [Start the playground with cargo](#start-the-playground-with-cargo)
 - [Debug playground using vscode](#debug-playground-using-vscode)
 - [Develop the dashboard](#develop-the-dashboard)
-  * [Dashboard v1](#dashboard-v1)
-  * [Dashboard v2](#dashboard-v2)
 - [Observability components](#observability-components)
   * [Cluster Control](#cluster-control)
   * [Monitoring](#monitoring)
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ You can also read the [crate level documentation](https://risingwavelabs.github.
 - The `docker` folder contains Docker files to build and start RisingWave.
 - The `e2e_test` folder contains the latest end-to-end test cases.
 - The `docs` folder contains the design docs. If you want to learn about how RisingWave is designed and implemented, check out the design docs here.
-- The `dashboard` folder contains RisingWave dashboard v2.
+- The `dashboard` folder contains RisingWave dashboard.
 
 The [src/README.md](../src/README.md) file contains more details about Design Patterns in RisingWave.
 
@@ -155,7 +153,6 @@ For example, you can modify the default section to:
   default:
     - use: minio
     - use: meta-node
-      enable-dashboard-v2: false
     - use: compute-node
     - use: frontend
     - use: prometheus
@@ -215,19 +212,7 @@ Currently, RisingWave has two versions of dashboards. You can use RiseDev config
 
 The dashboard will be available at `http://127.0.0.1:5691/` on meta node.
 
-### Dashboard v1
-
-Dashboard v1 is a single HTML page. To preview and develop this version, install Node.js, and run this command:
-
-```shell
-cd src/meta/src/dashboard && npx reload -b
-```
-
-Dashboard v1 is bundled by default along with meta node. When the cluster is started, you may use the dashboard without any configuration.
-
-### Dashboard v2
-
-The development instructions for dashboard v2 are available [here](../dashboard/README.md).
+The development instructions for dashboard are available [here](../dashboard/README.md).
 
 ## Observability components
 
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
index 876d920109d87..ac36d475b83c3 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl Components {
             Self::Redis => "[Component] Redis",
             Self::BuildConnectorNode => "[Build] Build RisingWave Connector (Java)",
             Self::RustComponents => "[Build] Rust components",
-            Self::Dashboard => "[Build] Dashboard v2",
+            Self::Dashboard => "[Build] Dashboard",
             Self::Tracing => "[Component] Tracing: Grafana Tempo",
             Self::Release => "[Build] Enable release mode",
             Self::AllInOne => "[Build] Enable all-in-one binary",
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ to RiseDev directory."
             }
             Self::Dashboard => {
                 "
-Required if you want to build dashboard v2 from source."
+Required if you want to build dashboard from source."
             }
             Self::Tracing => {
                 "
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ As a result, RisingWave will dump the core on panics.
             "ENABLE_KAFKA" => Some(Self::Kafka),
             "ENABLE_PUBSUB" => Some(Self::Pubsub),
             "ENABLE_BUILD_RUST" => Some(Self::RustComponents),
-            "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD_V2" => Some(Self::Dashboard),
+            "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD" => Some(Self::Dashboard),
             "ENABLE_COMPUTE_TRACING" => Some(Self::Tracing),
             "ENABLE_RELEASE_PROFILE" => Some(Self::Release),
             "ENABLE_DYNAMIC_LINKING" => Some(Self::DynamicLinking),
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ As a result, RisingWave will dump the core on panics.
             Self::Pubsub => "ENABLE_PUBSUB",
             Self::Redis => "ENABLE_REDIS",
             Self::RustComponents => "ENABLE_BUILD_RUST",
-            Self::Dashboard => "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD_V2",
+            Self::Dashboard => "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD",
             Self::Tracing => "ENABLE_COMPUTE_TRACING",
             Self::Release => "ENABLE_RELEASE_PROFILE",
             Self::AllInOne => "ENABLE_ALL_IN_ONE",

From dda8c4b9a806c2cfb4f747646cf32a00f72c1eb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:44:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 125/430] fix(test): fix local backwards compat test to run
 against current branch (#12436)

---
 backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh b/backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh
index cfa164ec35a29..bf2f09c6841a4 100755
--- a/backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh
+++ b/backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@ EOF
 
 setup_old_cluster() {
   echo "--- Setting up old cluster"
+  LATEST_BRANCH=$(git branch --show-current)
   git checkout "v${OLD_VERSION}-rc"
 }
 
 setup_new_cluster() {
   echo "--- Setting up new cluster"
   rm -r .risingwave/bin/risingwave
-  git checkout main
+  git checkout $LATEST_BRANCH
 }
 
 main() {

From ba2cdc9e5c366d1a92571774b46a40944e7dccbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 08:34:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 126/430] chore(deps): Bump dyn-clone from 1.0.13 to 1.0.14
 (#12442)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock              | 4 ++--
 src/frontend/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml  | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 55c4f366b0b1e..e8a5f4798b751 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2441,9 +2441,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "dyn-clone"
-version = "1.0.13"
+version = "1.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bbfc4744c1b8f2a09adc0e55242f60b1af195d88596bd8700be74418c056c555"
+checksum = "23d2f3407d9a573d666de4b5bdf10569d73ca9478087346697dcbae6244bfbcd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "easy-ext"
diff --git a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
index a80aa743d9c4b..e94153c37384e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ bk-tree = "0.5.0"
 bytes = "1"
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 downcast-rs = "1.2"
-dyn-clone = "1.0.13"
+dyn-clone = "1.0.14"
 easy-ext = "1"
 educe = "0.4"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 3d38a575291ba..8c03464e34ae8 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ await-tree = { workspace = true }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 crossbeam = "0.8.2"
 dashmap = { version = "5", default-features = false }
-dyn-clone = "1.0.13"
+dyn-clone = "1.0.14"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"

From 5a2ee63885c8e00d1a8e78005d1db7bdacb17bff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:35:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 127/430] chore(deps): Bump clap from 4.4.3 to 4.4.4 (#12440)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e8a5f4798b751..505d7262a03a0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1541,9 +1541,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.4.3"
+version = "4.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "84ed82781cea27b43c9b106a979fe450a13a31aab0500595fb3fc06616de08e6"
+checksum = "b1d7b8d5ec32af0fadc644bf1fd509a688c2103b185644bb1e29d164e0703136"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -1551,9 +1551,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.4.2"
+version = "4.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2bb9faaa7c2ef94b2743a21f5a29e6f0010dff4caa69ac8e9d6cf8b6fa74da08"
+checksum = "5179bb514e4d7c2051749d8fcefa2ed6d06a9f4e6d69faf3805f5d80b8cf8d56"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",

From 8431a4442ae4e35fc1b0f12ddee1989229eddf03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 10:23:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 128/430] chore: support docker build skip target (#12414)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 ci/workflows/docker.yml         |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh b/ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh
index f2e83336fead7..e71e1e6f231e6 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/multi-arch-docker.sh
@@ -14,13 +14,27 @@ date="$(date +%Y%m%d)"
 ghcraddr="ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave"
 dockerhubaddr="risingwavelabs/risingwave"
 
+
+arches=()
+
+if [ "${SKIP_TARGET_AMD64:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+  arches+=("x86_64")
+fi
+
+if [ "${SKIP_TARGET_AARCH64:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+  arches+=("aarch64")
+fi
+
 # push images to gchr
 function pushGchr() {
   GHCRTAG="${ghcraddr}:$1"
   echo "push to gchr, image tag: ${GHCRTAG}"
-  docker manifest create --insecure "$GHCRTAG" \
-    --amend "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-x86_64" \
-    --amend "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-aarch64"
+  args=()
+  for arch in "${arches[@]}"
+  do
+    args+=( --amend "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" )
+  done
+  docker manifest create --insecure "$GHCRTAG" "${args[@]}"
   docker manifest push --insecure "$GHCRTAG"
 }
 
@@ -28,9 +42,12 @@ function pushGchr() {
 function pushDockerhub() {
   DOCKERTAG="${dockerhubaddr}:$1"
   echo "push to dockerhub, image tag: ${DOCKERTAG}"
-  docker manifest create --insecure "$DOCKERTAG" \
-    --amend "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-x86_64" \
-    --amend "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-aarch64"
+  args=()
+  for arch in "${arches[@]}"
+  do
+    args+=( --amend "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" )
+  done
+  docker manifest create --insecure "$DOCKERTAG" "${args[@]}"
   docker manifest push --insecure "$DOCKERTAG"
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +91,10 @@ if [[ -n "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" ]]; then
 fi
 
 echo "--- delete the manifest images from dockerhub"
+args=()
+for arch in "${arches[@]}"
+do
+  args+=( "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" )
+done
 docker run --rm lumir/remove-dockerhub-tag \
-  --user "risingwavelabs" --password "$DOCKER_TOKEN" \
-  "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-x86_64" \
-  "${dockerhubaddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-aarch64"
\ No newline at end of file
+  --user "risingwavelabs" --password "$DOCKER_TOKEN" "${args[@]}"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/workflows/docker.yml b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
index d313195ae2eb7..d97d99af7691d 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ auto-retry: &auto-retry
 
 steps:
   - label: "docker-build-push: amd64"
+    if: build.env("SKIP_TARGET_AMD64") != "true"
     command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
     key: "build-amd64"
     plugins:
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "docker-build-push: aarch64"
+    if: build.env("SKIP_TARGET_AARCH64") != "true"
     command: "ci/scripts/docker.sh"
     key: "build-aarch64"
     plugins:

From 7192a90cf6146ef3fbb7643abc93795cef9bf3e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 11:27:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 129/430] chore(license): add license header to python files
 (#12423)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 .licenserc.yaml                               |  3 ++-
 e2e_test/udf/test.py                          | 14 +++++++++++
 src/java_binding/gen-demo-insert-data.py      | 23 +++++++++++++++----
 src/udf/python/risingwave/__init__.py         | 13 +++++++++++
 src/udf/python/risingwave/test_udf.py         | 14 +++++++++++
 src/udf/python/risingwave/udf.py              | 14 +++++++++++
 src/udf/python/risingwave/udf/health_check.py | 14 +++++++++++
 7 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.licenserc.yaml b/.licenserc.yaml
index 43e9315437ef8..e596f12143b13 100644
--- a/.licenserc.yaml
+++ b/.licenserc.yaml
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ header:
 
   paths:
     - "src/**/*.rs"
+    - "src/**/*.py"
+    - "src/**/*.html"
     - "dashboard/**/*.js"
     - "dashboard/**/*.ts"
-    - "src/**/*.html"
     - "java/**/*.java"
     - "java/**/*.py"
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/udf/test.py b/e2e_test/udf/test.py
index ed1f49e7d4dc5..c34c65e3c232c 100644
--- a/e2e_test/udf/test.py
+++ b/e2e_test/udf/test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
 import socket
 import struct
 import sys
diff --git a/src/java_binding/gen-demo-insert-data.py b/src/java_binding/gen-demo-insert-data.py
index 6ffc79077eb82..716d0aadd1305 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/gen-demo-insert-data.py
+++ b/src/java_binding/gen-demo-insert-data.py
@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
 import sys
 
+
 def gen_row(index):
     v1 = int(index)
     v2 = int(index)
@@ -7,15 +22,15 @@ def gen_row(index):
     v4 = float(index)
     v5 = float(index)
     v6 = index % 3 == 0
-    v7 = '\'' + str(index) * ((index % 10) + 1) + '\''
+    v7 = "'" + str(index) * ((index % 10) + 1) + "'"
     v8 = "to_timestamp(" + str(index) + ")"
     v9 = index
     may_null = None if index % 5 == 0 else int(index)
     row_data = [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, may_null]
-    repr = [str(o) if o is not None else 'null' for o in row_data]
-    return '(' + ', '.join(repr) + ')'
+    repr = [str(o) if o is not None else "null" for o in row_data]
+    return "(" + ", ".join(repr) + ")"
 
 
 data_size = int(sys.argv[1])
 data = [gen_row(i) for i in range(data_size)]
-print(', '.join(data))
+print(", ".join(data))
diff --git a/src/udf/python/risingwave/__init__.py b/src/udf/python/risingwave/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2d1d..73ba50c33cc16 100644
--- a/src/udf/python/risingwave/__init__.py
+++ b/src/udf/python/risingwave/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/src/udf/python/risingwave/test_udf.py b/src/udf/python/risingwave/test_udf.py
index d1507438e734f..e331e12f3a761 100644
--- a/src/udf/python/risingwave/test_udf.py
+++ b/src/udf/python/risingwave/test_udf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
 from multiprocessing import Process
 import pytest
 from risingwave.udf import udf, UdfServer, _to_data_type
diff --git a/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf.py b/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf.py
index 03dbe1a4224a3..758421b1db68d 100644
--- a/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf.py
+++ b/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
 from typing import *
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.flight
diff --git a/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf/health_check.py b/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf/health_check.py
index f849029bbee36..57b8f0e6374e5 100644
--- a/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf/health_check.py
+++ b/src/udf/python/risingwave/udf/health_check.py
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
 from pyarrow.flight import FlightClient
 import sys
 

From 869ef90eec6ef3d49d417b2121fcfd65bfd11fd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 11:51:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 130/430] refactor(test): simplify backfill tests (#12437)

---
 ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh           | 15 ++-------------
 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql         |  6 ++++++
 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql |  1 -
 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql    |  2 --
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml                 |  2 +-
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml              |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
 delete mode 100644 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql
 delete mode 100644 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
index d28e28a430536..6c02442a06255 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
@@ -31,23 +31,12 @@ flush() {
 }
 
 run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_base_table.sql
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql
 
 # Provide snapshot
-for i in $(seq 1 12)
-do
-  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql
-  flush
-done
-
+run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql
+run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql &
 run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_mv.sql &
 
-# Provide upstream updates
-for i in $(seq 1 5)
-do
-  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql &
-done
-
 wait
 
 run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/select.sql </dev/null
diff --git a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..18ed763429231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+insert into t1
+SELECT
+    generate_series,
+    '{"orders": {"id": 1, "price": "2.30", "customer_id": 2}}'::jsonb
+FROM generate_series(1, 200000);
+FLUSH;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index ea1660b3d2624..0000000000000
--- a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_recurse.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-insert into t1 select _id + 1, data from t1;
diff --git a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0791bdb366177..0000000000000
--- a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert_seed.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-insert into t1 values (1, '{"orders": {"id": 1, "price": "2.30", "customer_id": 2}}');
-flush;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index 462bdbf526038..20a47373e0f1e 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "e2e standalone binary test"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index b5fdbd8111f90..c3b0bd2728556 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
 
   - label: "e2e standalone binary test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-dev -m standalone"

From 8c05180ef4add2fca78613587b9f4efbebb7418e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 13:18:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 131/430] feat(log-store): log store support truncates at given
 offset (#12263)

---
 src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs     | 154 +++++++++++++---
 .../common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs   | 151 +++++++++------
 .../src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs  | 165 ++++++++++++++---
 .../common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs   | 173 ++++++++++++------
 .../common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs    |  64 ++++---
 src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs        | 136 +++++++++++++-
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               |  18 +-
 7 files changed, 653 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs
index 7d136a64a8257..01192f951b843 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::LogReaderEpochProgress::{AwaitingTruncate, Consuming};
 use crate::common::log_store::{
     LogReader, LogStoreError, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, LogWriter,
+    TruncateOffset,
 };
 
 enum InMemLogStoreItem {
@@ -79,6 +80,12 @@ pub struct BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
 
     /// Sender of consumed epoch to the log writer
     truncated_epoch_tx: UnboundedSender<u64>,
+
+    /// Offset of the latest emitted item
+    latest_offset: TruncateOffset,
+
+    /// Offset of the latest truncated item
+    truncate_offset: TruncateOffset,
 }
 
 pub struct BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory {
@@ -104,6 +111,8 @@ impl LogStoreFactory for BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory {
             init_epoch_rx: Some(init_epoch_rx),
             item_rx,
             truncated_epoch_tx,
+            latest_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
+            truncate_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
         };
         let writer = BoundedInMemLogStoreWriter {
             curr_epoch: None,
@@ -126,6 +135,8 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
             .map_err(|e| anyhow!("unable to get init epoch: {:?}", e))?;
         assert_eq!(self.epoch_progress, UNINITIALIZED);
         self.epoch_progress = LogReaderEpochProgress::Consuming(epoch);
+        self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch - 1 };
+        self.truncate_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch - 1 };
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +145,29 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
             Some(item) => match self.epoch_progress {
                 Consuming(current_epoch) => match item {
                     InMemLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
-                        Ok((current_epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk)))
+                        let chunk_id = match self.latest_offset {
+                            TruncateOffset::Chunk { epoch, chunk_id } => {
+                                assert_eq!(epoch, current_epoch);
+                                chunk_id + 1
+                            }
+                            TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch } => {
+                                assert!(
+                                    epoch < current_epoch,
+                                    "prev offset at barrier {} but current epoch {}",
+                                    epoch,
+                                    current_epoch
+                                );
+                                0
+                            }
+                        };
+                        self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                            epoch: current_epoch,
+                            chunk_id,
+                        };
+                        Ok((
+                            current_epoch,
+                            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id },
+                        ))
                     }
                     InMemLogStoreItem::Barrier {
                         is_checkpoint,
@@ -148,6 +181,9 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
                         } else {
                             self.epoch_progress = Consuming(next_epoch);
                         }
+                        self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier {
+                            epoch: current_epoch,
+                        };
                         Ok((current_epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }))
                     }
                     InMemLogStoreItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(vnode_bitmap) => Ok((
@@ -155,28 +191,50 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
                         LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(vnode_bitmap),
                     )),
                 },
-                AwaitingTruncate { .. } => {
-                    unreachable!("should not be awaiting for when barrier comes")
-                }
+                AwaitingTruncate { .. } => Err(anyhow!(
+                    "should not call next_item on checkpoint barrier for in-mem log store"
+                )
+                .into()),
             },
             None => Err(LogStoreError::EndOfLogStream),
         }
     }
 
-    async fn truncate(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
-        let sealed_epoch = match self.epoch_progress {
-            Consuming(_) => unreachable!("should be awaiting truncate"),
-            AwaitingTruncate {
-                sealed_epoch,
-                next_epoch,
-            } => {
-                self.epoch_progress = Consuming(next_epoch);
-                sealed_epoch
+    async fn truncate(&mut self, offset: TruncateOffset) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        // check the truncate offset is higher than prev truncate offset
+        if self.truncate_offset >= offset {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "truncate offset {:?} but prev truncate offset is {:?}",
+                offset,
+                self.truncate_offset
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // check the truncate offset does not exceed the latest possible offset
+        if offset > self.latest_offset {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "truncate at {:?} but latest offset is {:?}",
+                offset,
+                self.latest_offset
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        if let AwaitingTruncate {
+            sealed_epoch,
+            next_epoch,
+        } = &self.epoch_progress
+        {
+            if let TruncateOffset::Barrier {epoch} = offset && epoch == *sealed_epoch  {
+                let sealed_epoch = *sealed_epoch;
+                self.epoch_progress = Consuming(*next_epoch);
+                self.truncated_epoch_tx
+                    .send(sealed_epoch)
+                    .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send sealed epoch"))?;
             }
-        };
-        self.truncated_epoch_tx
-            .send(sealed_epoch)
-            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send sealed epoch"))?;
+        }
+        self.truncate_offset = offset;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -240,12 +298,18 @@ impl LogWriter for BoundedInMemLogStoreWriter {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::future::poll_fn;
+    use std::task::Poll;
+
+    use futures::FutureExt;
     use risingwave_common::array::Op;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 
     use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
-    use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter};
+    use crate::common::log_store::{
+        LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
+    };
     use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -273,7 +337,7 @@ mod tests {
         let stream_chunk = builder.take().unwrap();
         let stream_chunk_clone = stream_chunk.clone();
 
-        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let mut join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
             writer
                 .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(init_epoch))
                 .await
@@ -282,19 +346,33 @@ mod tests {
                 .write_chunk(stream_chunk_clone.clone())
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            writer
+                .write_chunk(stream_chunk_clone.clone())
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
             writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch1, false).await.unwrap();
             writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk_clone).await.unwrap();
             writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch2, true).await.unwrap();
         });
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
-        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk)) => {
+        let _chunk_id1_1 = match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id }) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, init_epoch);
                 assert_eq!(&chunk, &stream_chunk);
+                chunk_id
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        };
+
+        let chunk_id1_2 = match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, init_epoch);
+                assert_eq!(&chunk, &stream_chunk);
+                chunk_id
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
 
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
             (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
@@ -304,13 +382,14 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk)) => {
+        let chunk_id2_1 = match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id }) => {
                 assert_eq!(&chunk, &stream_chunk);
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                chunk_id
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        };
 
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
             (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
@@ -320,7 +399,30 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        reader.truncate().await.unwrap();
+        reader
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: init_epoch,
+                chunk_id: chunk_id1_2,
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(join_handle.poll_unpin(cx)))
+            .await
+            .is_pending());
+        reader
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: epoch1,
+                chunk_id: chunk_id2_1,
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(join_handle.poll_unpin(cx)))
+            .await
+            .is_pending());
+        reader
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch1 })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         join_handle.await.unwrap();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
index c433efa6781b4..b478123e6d9cb 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use tokio::sync::{oneshot, Notify};
 
 use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::{ReaderTruncationOffsetType, SeqIdType};
-use crate::common::log_store::LogStoreResult;
+use crate::common::log_store::{ChunkId, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) enum LogStoreBufferItem {
@@ -31,12 +31,14 @@ pub(crate) enum LogStoreBufferItem {
         start_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         end_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         flushed: bool,
+        chunk_id: ChunkId,
     },
 
     Flushed {
         vnode_bitmap: Bitmap,
         start_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         end_seq_id: SeqIdType,
+        chunk_id: ChunkId,
     },
 
     Barrier {
@@ -53,10 +55,11 @@ struct LogStoreBufferInner {
     /// Items already read by log reader by not truncated. Newer item at the front
     consumed_queue: VecDeque<(u64, LogStoreBufferItem)>,
     stream_chunk_count: usize,
-    consumed_stream_chunk_count: usize,
     max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
 
     updated_truncation: Option<ReaderTruncationOffsetType>,
+
+    next_chunk_id: ChunkId,
 }
 
 impl LogStoreBufferInner {
@@ -68,50 +71,38 @@ impl LogStoreBufferInner {
         if let LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk { .. } = item {
             unreachable!("StreamChunk should call try_add_item")
         }
-        assert!(
-            self.try_add_item(epoch, item).is_none(),
-            "call on item other than StreamChunk should always succeed"
-        );
+        self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((epoch, item));
     }
 
-    /// Try adding a `LogStoreBufferItem` to the buffer. If the stream chunk count exceeds the
-    /// maximum count, it will return the original stream chunk if we are adding a stream chunk.
-    fn try_add_item(&mut self, epoch: u64, item: LogStoreBufferItem) -> Option<StreamChunk> {
-        match item {
-            LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
-                chunk,
-                start_seq_id,
-                end_seq_id,
-                flushed,
-            } => {
-                if !self.can_add_stream_chunk() {
-                    Some(chunk)
-                } else {
-                    self.stream_chunk_count += 1;
-                    self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((
-                        epoch,
-                        LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
-                            chunk,
-                            start_seq_id,
-                            end_seq_id,
-                            flushed,
-                        },
-                    ));
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-            item => {
-                self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((epoch, item));
-                None
-            }
+    pub(crate) fn try_add_stream_chunk(
+        &mut self,
+        epoch: u64,
+        chunk: StreamChunk,
+        start_seq_id: SeqIdType,
+        end_seq_id: SeqIdType,
+    ) -> Option<StreamChunk> {
+        if !self.can_add_stream_chunk() {
+            Some(chunk)
+        } else {
+            let chunk_id = self.next_chunk_id;
+            self.next_chunk_id += 1;
+            self.stream_chunk_count += 1;
+            self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk,
+                    start_seq_id,
+                    end_seq_id,
+                    flushed: false,
+                    chunk_id,
+                },
+            ));
+            None
         }
     }
 
     fn pop_item(&mut self) -> Option<(u64, LogStoreBufferItem)> {
         if let Some((epoch, item)) = self.unconsumed_queue.pop_back() {
-            if let LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk { .. } = &item {
-                self.consumed_stream_chunk_count += 1;
-            }
             self.consumed_queue.push_front((epoch, item.clone()));
             Some((epoch, item))
         } else {
@@ -148,12 +139,15 @@ impl LogStoreBufferInner {
             *prev_end_seq_id = end_seq_id;
             *vnode_bitmap |= new_vnode_bitmap;
         } else {
+            let chunk_id = self.next_chunk_id;
+            self.next_chunk_id += 1;
             self.add_item(
                 epoch,
                 LogStoreBufferItem::Flushed {
                     start_seq_id,
                     end_seq_id,
                     vnode_bitmap: new_vnode_bitmap,
+                    chunk_id,
                 },
             );
         }
@@ -221,15 +215,10 @@ impl LogStoreBufferSender {
         start_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         end_seq_id: SeqIdType,
     ) -> Option<StreamChunk> {
-        let ret = self.buffer.inner().try_add_item(
-            epoch,
-            LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
-                chunk,
-                start_seq_id,
-                end_seq_id,
-                flushed: false,
-            },
-        );
+        let ret = self
+            .buffer
+            .inner()
+            .try_add_stream_chunk(epoch, chunk, start_seq_id, end_seq_id);
         if ret.is_none() {
             // notify when successfully add
             self.update_notify.notify_waiters();
@@ -275,6 +264,7 @@ impl LogStoreBufferSender {
                 start_seq_id,
                 end_seq_id,
                 flushed,
+                ..
             } = item
             {
                 if *flushed {
@@ -321,20 +311,67 @@ impl LogStoreBufferReceiver {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn truncate(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn truncate(&mut self, offset: TruncateOffset) {
         let mut inner = self.buffer.inner();
-        if let Some((epoch, item)) = inner.consumed_queue.front() {
+        let mut latest_offset: Option<ReaderTruncationOffsetType> = None;
+        while let Some((epoch, item)) = inner.consumed_queue.back() {
+            let epoch = *epoch;
             match item {
+                LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk_id,
+                    flushed,
+                    end_seq_id,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    let chunk_offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                        epoch,
+                        chunk_id: *chunk_id,
+                    };
+                    let flushed = *flushed;
+                    let end_seq_id = *end_seq_id;
+                    if chunk_offset <= offset {
+                        inner.stream_chunk_count -= 1;
+                        inner.consumed_queue.pop_back();
+                        if flushed {
+                            latest_offset = Some((epoch, Some(end_seq_id)));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                LogStoreBufferItem::Flushed {
+                    chunk_id,
+                    end_seq_id,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    let end_seq_id = *end_seq_id;
+                    let chunk_offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                        epoch,
+                        chunk_id: *chunk_id,
+                    };
+                    if chunk_offset <= offset {
+                        inner.consumed_queue.pop_back();
+                        latest_offset = Some((epoch, Some(end_seq_id)));
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
                 LogStoreBufferItem::Barrier { .. } => {
-                    inner.updated_truncation = Some(*epoch);
+                    let chunk_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch };
+                    if chunk_offset <= offset {
+                        inner.consumed_queue.pop_back();
+                        latest_offset = Some((epoch, None));
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    unreachable!("should only call truncate right after getting a barrier");
+                LogStoreBufferItem::UpdateVnodes(_) => {
+                    inner.consumed_queue.pop_back();
                 }
             }
-            inner.consumed_queue.clear();
-            inner.stream_chunk_count -= inner.consumed_stream_chunk_count;
-            inner.consumed_stream_chunk_count = 0;
+        }
+        if let Some(offset) = latest_offset {
+            inner.updated_truncation = Some(offset);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -346,9 +383,9 @@ pub(crate) fn new_log_store_buffer(
         unconsumed_queue: VecDeque::new(),
         consumed_queue: VecDeque::new(),
         stream_chunk_count: 0,
-        consumed_stream_chunk_count: 0,
         max_stream_chunk_count,
         updated_truncation: None,
+        next_chunk_id: 0,
     });
     let update_notify = Arc::new(Notify::new());
     let (init_epoch_tx, init_epoch_rx) = oneshot::channel();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index f54ef44c49141..dc27d1f63b3e8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ type RowOpCodeType = i16;
 
 const FIRST_SEQ_ID: SeqIdType = 0;
 
-/// Readers truncate the offset at the granularity of epoch
-type ReaderTruncationOffsetType = u64;
+/// Readers truncate the offset at the granularity of seq id.
+/// None `SeqIdType` means that the whole epoch is truncated.
+type ReaderTruncationOffsetType = (u64, Option<SeqIdType>);
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreFactory<S: StateStore> {
     state_store: S,
@@ -110,7 +111,9 @@ mod tests {
         gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
-    use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter};
+    use crate::common::log_store::{
+        LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
+    };
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_basic() {
@@ -161,7 +164,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -175,7 +184,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -236,7 +251,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -250,7 +271,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -266,7 +293,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_env.commit_epoch(epoch2).await;
         // The truncate does not work because it is after the sync
-        reader.truncate().await.unwrap();
+        reader
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch2 })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         test_env
             .storage
             .try_wait_epoch(HummockReadEpoch::Committed(epoch2))
@@ -290,7 +320,13 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap();
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -304,7 +340,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -321,7 +363,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_truncate() {
-        for count in 0..20 {
+        for count in 2..10 {
             test_truncate_inner(count).await
         }
     }
@@ -341,8 +383,9 @@ mod tests {
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
-        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
-        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let stream_chunk1_1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
+        let stream_chunk1_2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(20);
 
         let epoch1 = test_env
             .storage
@@ -354,7 +397,8 @@ mod tests {
             .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch1))
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk1.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk1_1.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk1_2.clone()).await.unwrap();
         let epoch2 = epoch1 + 1;
         writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch2, true).await.unwrap();
         writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk2.clone()).await.unwrap();
@@ -362,13 +406,35 @@ mod tests {
         test_env.commit_epoch(epoch1).await;
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
-        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+        let chunk_id1 = match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    chunk_id,
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_1, read_stream_chunk);
+                chunk_id
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        };
+        let chunk_id2 = match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    chunk_id,
+                },
+            ) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_2, read_stream_chunk);
+                chunk_id
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        assert!(chunk_id2 > chunk_id1);
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
             (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
@@ -377,18 +443,31 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        // The truncate should work because it is before the flush
-        reader.truncate().await.unwrap();
-        let epoch3 = epoch2 + 1;
-        writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch3, true).await.unwrap();
-
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+
+        // The truncate should work because it is before the flush
+        reader
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: epoch1,
+                chunk_id: chunk_id1,
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let epoch3 = epoch2 + 1;
+        writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch3, true).await.unwrap();
+
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
             (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
@@ -421,12 +500,38 @@ mod tests {
             .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch3))
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let stream_chunk3 = gen_stream_chunk(20);
+        let stream_chunk3 = gen_stream_chunk(30);
         writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk3.clone()).await.unwrap();
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_2, read_stream_chunk);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(is_checkpoint)
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
             }
@@ -440,7 +545,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
-            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(read_stream_chunk)) => {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch3);
                 assert_eq!(stream_chunk3, read_stream_chunk);
             }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index 9c2a5f005bf55..2d01ab3bc0b9d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::ops::Bound::{Excluded, Included};
 use std::pin::Pin;
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::stream::select_all;
@@ -29,21 +30,11 @@ use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 
 use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::buffer::{LogStoreBufferItem, LogStoreBufferReceiver};
 use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::{
-    new_log_store_item_stream, LogStoreItemStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
+    new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
+};
+use crate::common::log_store::{
+    LogReader, LogStoreError, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset,
 };
-use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreError, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult};
-
-enum ReaderState<S: StateStore> {
-    /// No data has been read yet
-    Uninitialized,
-    /// Consuming data previously written to state store before the reader was initialized.
-    ConsumingStateStore {
-        first_write_epoch: u64,
-        state_store_stream: Pin<Box<LogStoreItemStream<S::IterStream>>>,
-    },
-    /// Consuming newly written data after the reader was initialized.
-    ConsumingStream { epoch: u64 },
-}
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
     table_id: TableId,
@@ -54,7 +45,15 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
 
     rx: LogStoreBufferReceiver,
 
-    reader_state: ReaderState<S>,
+    /// The first epoch that newly written by the log writer
+    first_write_epoch: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// `Some` means consuming historical log data
+    state_store_stream: Option<Pin<Box<LogStoreItemStream<S::IterStream>>>>,
+
+    latest_offset: TruncateOffset,
+
+    truncate_offset: TruncateOffset,
 }
 
 impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
@@ -67,9 +66,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
         Self {
             table_id,
             state_store,
-            reader_state: ReaderState::Uninitialized,
             serde,
             rx,
+            first_write_epoch: None,
+            state_store_stream: None,
+            latest_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
+            truncate_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
         }
     }
 }
@@ -98,55 +100,75 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             }
         }))
         .await?;
+
+        assert!(
+            self.first_write_epoch.replace(first_write_epoch).is_none(),
+            "should not init twice"
+        );
         // TODO: set chunk size by config
-        let state_store_stream =
-            Box::pin(new_log_store_item_stream(streams, self.serde.clone(), 1024));
-        self.reader_state = ReaderState::ConsumingStateStore {
-            first_write_epoch,
-            state_store_stream,
-        };
+        self.state_store_stream = Some(Box::pin(new_log_store_item_stream(
+            streams,
+            self.serde.clone(),
+            1024,
+        )));
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn next_item(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreReadItem)> {
-        let epoch = match &mut self.reader_state {
-            ReaderState::Uninitialized => unreachable!("should be initialized"),
-            ReaderState::ConsumingStateStore {
-                first_write_epoch,
-                state_store_stream,
-            } => {
-                match state_store_stream.try_next().await? {
-                    Some((epoch, item)) => {
-                        return Ok((epoch, item));
-                    }
-                    None => {
-                        let first_write_epoch = *first_write_epoch;
-                        // all consumed
-                        self.reader_state = ReaderState::ConsumingStream {
-                            epoch: first_write_epoch,
-                        };
-                        first_write_epoch
-                    }
+        if let Some(state_store_stream) = &mut self.state_store_stream {
+            match state_store_stream.try_next().await? {
+                Some((epoch, item)) => {
+                    self.latest_offset.check_next_item_epoch(epoch)?;
+                    let item = match item {
+                        KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+                            let chunk_id = self.latest_offset.next_chunk_id();
+                            self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk { epoch, chunk_id };
+                            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id }
+                        }
+                        KvLogStoreItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+                            self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch };
+                            LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }
+                        }
+                    };
+                    return Ok((epoch, item));
+                }
+                None => {
+                    self.state_store_stream = None;
                 }
             }
-            ReaderState::ConsumingStream { epoch } => *epoch,
-        };
+        }
+
+        // Now the historical state store has been consumed.
         let (item_epoch, item) = self.rx.next_item().await;
-        assert_eq!(epoch, item_epoch);
+        self.latest_offset.check_next_item_epoch(item_epoch)?;
         Ok(match item {
-            LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. } => {
-                (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk))
+            LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
+                chunk, chunk_id, ..
+            } => {
+                let offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: item_epoch,
+                    chunk_id,
+                };
+                assert!(offset > self.latest_offset);
+                self.latest_offset = offset;
+                (
+                    item_epoch,
+                    LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id },
+                )
             }
             LogStoreBufferItem::Flushed {
                 vnode_bitmap,
                 start_seq_id,
                 end_seq_id,
+                chunk_id,
             } => {
                 let streams = try_join_all(vnode_bitmap.iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    let range_start = self
-                        .serde
-                        .serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, epoch, start_seq_id);
-                    let range_end = self.serde.serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, epoch, end_seq_id);
+                    let range_start =
+                        self.serde
+                            .serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(start_seq_id));
+                    let range_end =
+                        self.serde
+                            .serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(end_seq_id));
                     let state_store = self.state_store.clone();
                     let table_id = self.table_id;
                     // Use u64::MAX here because the epoch to consume may be below the safe
@@ -170,34 +192,67 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
                 }))
                 .await?;
                 let combined_stream = select_all(streams);
-                let stream_chunk = self
+                let chunk = self
                     .serde
-                    .deserialize_stream_chunk(combined_stream, start_seq_id, end_seq_id, epoch)
+                    .deserialize_stream_chunk(combined_stream, start_seq_id, end_seq_id, item_epoch)
                     .await?;
-                (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(stream_chunk))
+                let offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: item_epoch,
+                    chunk_id,
+                };
+                assert!(offset > self.latest_offset);
+                self.latest_offset = offset;
+                (
+                    item_epoch,
+                    LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id },
+                )
             }
             LogStoreBufferItem::Barrier {
                 is_checkpoint,
                 next_epoch,
             } => {
                 assert!(
-                    epoch < next_epoch,
+                    item_epoch < next_epoch,
                     "next epoch {} should be greater than current epoch {}",
                     next_epoch,
-                    epoch
+                    item_epoch
                 );
-                self.reader_state = ReaderState::ConsumingStream { epoch: next_epoch };
-                (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint })
+                self.latest_offset = TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: item_epoch };
+                (item_epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint })
             }
             LogStoreBufferItem::UpdateVnodes(bitmap) => {
                 self.serde.update_vnode_bitmap(bitmap.clone());
-                (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(bitmap))
+                (item_epoch, LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(bitmap))
             }
         })
     }
 
-    async fn truncate(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
-        self.rx.truncate();
+    async fn truncate(&mut self, offset: TruncateOffset) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        if offset > self.latest_offset {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "truncate at a later offset {:?} than the current latest offset {:?}",
+                offset,
+                self.latest_offset
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
+        if offset <= self.truncate_offset {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "truncate offset {:?} earlier than prev truncate offset {:?}",
+                offset,
+                self.truncate_offset
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
+        if offset.epoch() >= self.first_write_epoch.expect("should have init") {
+            self.rx.truncate(offset);
+        } else {
+            // For historical data, no need to truncate at seq id level. Only truncate at barrier.
+            if let TruncateOffset::Barrier { .. } = &offset {
+                self.rx.truncate(offset);
+            }
+        }
+        self.truncate_offset = offset;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
index ebe4f2a578dd3..627aee6c22f2f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ use risingwave_storage::table::{compute_vnode, Distribution};
 use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::{
     ReaderTruncationOffsetType, RowOpCodeType, SeqIdType,
 };
-use crate::common::log_store::{LogStoreError, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult};
+use crate::common::log_store::{LogStoreError, LogStoreResult};
 
 const INSERT_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 1;
 const DELETE_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 2;
@@ -230,12 +230,12 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         &self,
         vnode: VirtualNode,
         epoch: u64,
-        seq_id: SeqIdType,
+        seq_id: Option<SeqIdType>,
     ) -> TableKey<Bytes> {
         serialize_pk_with_vnode(
             [
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(Self::encode_epoch(epoch))),
-                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(seq_id)),
+                seq_id.map(ScalarImpl::Int32),
             ],
             &self.pk_serde,
             vnode,
@@ -247,7 +247,8 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         vnode: VirtualNode,
         offset: ReaderTruncationOffsetType,
     ) -> Bytes {
-        let curr_offset = self.serialize_epoch(vnode, offset);
+        let (epoch, seq_id) = offset;
+        let curr_offset = self.serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, epoch, seq_id);
         let ret = Bytes::from(next_key(&curr_offset));
         assert!(!ret.is_empty());
         ret
@@ -367,6 +368,11 @@ enum StreamState {
     BarrierEmitted { prev_epoch: u64 },
 }
 
+pub(crate) enum KvLogStoreItem {
+    StreamChunk(StreamChunk),
+    Barrier { is_checkpoint: bool },
+}
+
 struct LogStoreRowOpStream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> {
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
 
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         }
     }
 
-    #[try_stream(ok = (u64, LogStoreReadItem), error = LogStoreError)]
+    #[try_stream(ok = (u64, KvLogStoreItem), error = LogStoreError)]
     async fn into_log_store_item_stream(self, chunk_size: usize) {
         let mut ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size);
         let mut data_chunk_builder =
@@ -460,7 +466,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
                         let ops = replace(&mut ops, Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size));
                         yield (
                             epoch,
-                            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)),
+                            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)),
                         );
                     }
                 }
@@ -469,17 +475,17 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
                         let ops = replace(&mut ops, Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size));
                         yield (
                             epoch,
-                            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)),
+                            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)),
                         );
                     }
-                    yield (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint })
+                    yield (epoch, KvLogStoreItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint })
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) type LogStoreItemStream<S> = impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreReadItem)>>;
+pub(crate) type LogStoreItemStream<S> = impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, KvLogStoreItem)>>;
 pub(crate) fn new_log_store_item_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
     streams: Vec<S>,
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
@@ -587,13 +593,13 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 
     use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::{
-        new_log_store_item_stream, LogStoreRowOp, LogStoreRowOpStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
+        new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreRowOp, LogStoreRowOpStream,
+        LogStoreRowSerde,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
         gen_test_data, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_TABLE_ID,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::SeqIdType;
-    use crate::common::log_store::LogStoreReadItem;
 
     const EPOCH1: u64 = 233;
     const EPOCH2: u64 = EPOCH1 + 1;
@@ -618,7 +624,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut serialized_keys = vec![];
         let mut seq_id = 1;
 
-        let delete_range_right1 = serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, epoch);
+        let delete_range_right1 =
+            serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None));
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
@@ -653,7 +660,8 @@ mod tests {
         seq_id = 1;
         epoch += 1;
 
-        let delete_range_right2 = serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, epoch);
+        let delete_range_right2 =
+            serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None));
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
@@ -934,10 +942,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         tx1.send(()).unwrap();
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
                 assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), CHUNK_SIZE);
                 for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
                     assert_eq!(op, ops[i]);
@@ -947,10 +955,10 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
                 assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), ops.len() - CHUNK_SIZE);
                 for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().skip(CHUNK_SIZE).enumerate() {
                     assert_eq!(op, ops[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
@@ -960,14 +968,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(_) => unreachable!(),
-            LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(_) => unreachable!(),
+            KvLogStoreItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
                 assert!(!is_checkpoint);
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
         assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(stream.poll_next_unpin(cx)))
@@ -976,10 +983,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         tx2.send(()).unwrap();
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
                 assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), CHUNK_SIZE);
                 for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
                     assert_eq!(op, ops[i]);
@@ -989,10 +996,10 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
                 assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), ops.len() - CHUNK_SIZE);
                 for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().skip(CHUNK_SIZE).enumerate() {
                     assert_eq!(op, ops[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
@@ -1002,14 +1009,13 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, LogStoreReadItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
         match item {
-            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(_) => unreachable!(),
-            LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(_) => unreachable!(),
+            KvLogStoreItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
                 assert!(is_checkpoint);
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
         assert!(stream.next().await.is_none());
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs
index f343cfdfc8f03..35f1a4145ec55 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@
 pub mod in_mem;
 pub mod kv_log_store;
 
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -41,11 +43,81 @@ pub enum LogStoreError {
 }
 
 pub type LogStoreResult<T> = Result<T, LogStoreError>;
+pub type ChunkId = usize;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum TruncateOffset {
+    Chunk { epoch: u64, chunk_id: ChunkId },
+    Barrier { epoch: u64 },
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for TruncateOffset {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        let extract = |offset: &TruncateOffset| match offset {
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk { epoch, chunk_id } => (*epoch, *chunk_id),
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch } => (*epoch, usize::MAX),
+        };
+        let this = extract(self);
+        let other = extract(other);
+        this.partial_cmp(&other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TruncateOffset {
+    pub fn next_chunk_id(&self) -> ChunkId {
+        match self {
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk { chunk_id, .. } => chunk_id + 1,
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier { .. } => 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn epoch(&self) -> u64 {
+        match self {
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk { epoch, .. } | TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch } => *epoch,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_next_item_epoch(&self, epoch: u64) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        match self {
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: offset_epoch,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if epoch != *offset_epoch {
+                    return Err(anyhow!(
+                        "new item epoch {} not match current chunk offset epoch {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        offset_epoch
+                    )
+                    .into());
+                }
+            }
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier {
+                epoch: offset_epoch,
+            } => {
+                if epoch <= *offset_epoch {
+                    return Err(anyhow!(
+                        "new item epoch {} not exceed barrier offset epoch {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        offset_epoch
+                    )
+                    .into());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum LogStoreReadItem {
-    StreamChunk(StreamChunk),
-    Barrier { is_checkpoint: bool },
+    StreamChunk {
+        chunk: StreamChunk,
+        chunk_id: ChunkId,
+    },
+    Barrier {
+        is_checkpoint: bool,
+    },
     UpdateVnodeBitmap(Arc<Bitmap>),
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +156,10 @@ pub trait LogReader {
 
     /// Mark that all items emitted so far have been consumed and it is safe to truncate the log
     /// from the current offset.
-    fn truncate(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
+    fn truncate(
+        &mut self,
+        offset: TruncateOffset,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
 }
 
 pub trait LogStoreFactory: 'static {
@@ -93,3 +168,58 @@ pub trait LogStoreFactory: 'static {
 
     fn build(self) -> impl Future<Output = (Self::Reader, Self::Writer)> + Send;
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::common::log_store::TruncateOffset;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_truncate_offset_cmp() {
+        assert!(
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 232 }
+                < TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: 233,
+                    chunk_id: 1
+                }
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 1,
+                chunk_id: 1
+            },
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 1,
+                chunk_id: 1
+            }
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 1,
+                chunk_id: 1
+            } < TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 1,
+                chunk_id: 2
+            }
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 1 }
+                > TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: 1,
+                    chunk_id: 2
+                }
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 1,
+                chunk_id: 2
+            } < TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 1 }
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: 2,
+                chunk_id: 2
+            } > TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 1 }
+        );
+        assert!(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 2 } > TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 1 });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index 5e417d922e1ae..b36a5613ba7bb 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ use risingwave_connector::sink::{
 
 use super::error::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult};
 use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
-use crate::common::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter};
+use crate::common::log_store::{
+    LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
+};
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{expect_first_barrier, ActorContextRef, BoxedMessageStream};
 
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
                 }
             };
             match item {
-                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. } => {
                     let chunk = if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
                         // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
                         // the downstream.
@@ -272,20 +274,22 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
                     }
                 }
                 LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+                    let prev_epoch = match state {
+                        LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => curr_epoch,
+                        _ => unreachable!("epoch must have begun before handling barrier"),
+                    };
                     if is_checkpoint {
                         let start_time = Instant::now();
                         sink_writer.barrier(true).await?;
                         sink_metrics
                             .sink_commit_duration_metrics
                             .observe(start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as f64);
-                        log_reader.truncate().await?;
+                        log_reader
+                            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: prev_epoch })
+                            .await?;
                     } else {
                         sink_writer.barrier(false).await?;
                     }
-                    let prev_epoch = match state {
-                        LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => curr_epoch,
-                        _ => unreachable!("epoch must have begun before handling barrier"),
-                    };
                     state = LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { prev_epoch }
                 }
                 LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(vnode_bitmap) => {

From 08a2ca111a0d26195155146be656cad36fac317a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 13:32:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 132/430] feat: SQL-based election client (#12391)

Signed-off-by: Shanicky Chen <peng@risingwave-labs.com>
Co-authored-by: shanicky <shanicky@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 325 +++++++++
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |   1 +
 src/meta/src/error.rs                         |  13 +-
 .../{election_client.rs => election/etcd.rs}  |  23 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs              |  38 ++
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs              | 625 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs                       |   5 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs                    |   3 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |  67 +-
 9 files changed, 1068 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 rename src/meta/src/rpc/{election_client.rs => election/etcd.rs} (96%)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 505d7262a03a0..6a501a1dc0360 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -497,6 +497,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.33",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "atoi"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f28d99ec8bfea296261ca1af174f24225171fea9664ba9003cbebee704810528"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atomic"
 version = "0.5.3"
@@ -1175,6 +1184,9 @@ name = "bitflags"
 version = "2.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4682ae6287fcf752ecaabbfcc7b6f9b72aa33933dc23a554d853aea8eea8635"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitmaps"
@@ -2401,6 +2413,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "const-random",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dotenvy"
+version = "0.15.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1aaf95b3e5c8f23aa320147307562d361db0ae0d51242340f558153b4eb2439b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "downcast"
 version = "0.11.0"
@@ -2489,6 +2507,9 @@ name = "either"
 version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a26ae43d7bcc3b814de94796a5e736d4029efb0ee900c12e2d54c993ad1a1e07"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encode_unicode"
@@ -2634,6 +2655,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "tower-service",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "etcetera"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "136d1b5283a1ab77bd9257427ffd09d8667ced0570b6f938942bc7568ed5b943"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "home",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ethnum"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -2794,6 +2826,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "flume"
+version = "0.10.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1657b4441c3403d9f7b3409e47575237dac27b1b5726df654a6ecbf92f0f7577"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "pin-project",
+ "spin 0.9.8",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -3085,6 +3129,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-intrusive"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d930c203dd0b6ff06e0201a4a2fe9149b43c684fd4420555b26d21b1a02956f"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "lock_api",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
 version = "0.3.28"
@@ -3373,6 +3428,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashlink"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e8094feaf31ff591f651a2664fb9cfd92bba7a60ce3197265e9482ebe753c8f7"
+dependencies = [
+ "hashbrown 0.14.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hdrhistogram"
 version = "7.5.2"
@@ -3401,6 +3465,9 @@ name = "heck"
 version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
@@ -3414,6 +3481,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hkdf"
+version = "0.12.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "791a029f6b9fc27657f6f188ec6e5e43f6911f6f878e0dc5501396e09809d437"
+dependencies = [
+ "hmac",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hmac"
 version = "0.12.1"
@@ -4029,6 +4105,17 @@ version = "0.2.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f7012b1bbb0719e1097c47611d3898568c546d597c2e74d66f6087edd5233ff4"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libsqlite3-sys"
+version = "0.26.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "afc22eff61b133b115c6e8c74e818c628d6d5e7a502afea6f64dee076dd94326"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "pkg-config",
+ "vcpkg",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libtest-mimic"
 version = "0.6.1"
@@ -7197,6 +7284,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "sqlx",
  "static_assertions",
  "sync-point",
  "tempfile",
@@ -8534,6 +8622,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "der",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlformat"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b7b278788e7be4d0d29c0f39497a0eef3fba6bbc8e70d8bf7fde46edeaa9e85"
+dependencies = [
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "nom",
+ "unicode_categories",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sqllogictest"
 version = "0.15.3"
@@ -8557,6 +8656,205 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e58421b6bc416714d5115a2ca953718f6c621a51b68e4f4922aea5a4391a721"
+dependencies = [
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "sqlx-macros",
+ "sqlx-mysql",
+ "sqlx-postgres",
+ "sqlx-sqlite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-core"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd4cef4251aabbae751a3710927945901ee1d97ee96d757f6880ebb9a79bfd53"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "atoi",
+ "byteorder",
+ "bytes",
+ "chrono",
+ "crc",
+ "crossbeam-queue",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "either",
+ "event-listener",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-intrusive",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-util",
+ "hashlink",
+ "hex",
+ "indexmap 2.0.0",
+ "log",
+ "memchr",
+ "once_cell",
+ "paste",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha2",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sqlformat",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tracing",
+ "url",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-macros"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "208e3165167afd7f3881b16c1ef3f2af69fa75980897aac8874a0696516d12c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "sqlx-macros-core",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-macros-core"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8a4a8336d278c62231d87f24e8a7a74898156e34c1c18942857be2acb29c7dfc"
+dependencies = [
+ "dotenvy",
+ "either",
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "hex",
+ "once_cell",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha2",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "sqlx-mysql",
+ "sqlx-postgres",
+ "sqlx-sqlite",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "tempfile",
+ "tokio",
+ "url",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-mysql"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ca69bf415b93b60b80dc8fda3cb4ef52b2336614d8da2de5456cc942a110482"
+dependencies = [
+ "atoi",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bitflags 2.4.0",
+ "byteorder",
+ "bytes",
+ "chrono",
+ "crc",
+ "digest",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "either",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-util",
+ "generic-array",
+ "hex",
+ "hkdf",
+ "hmac",
+ "itoa",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "memchr",
+ "once_cell",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "rand",
+ "rsa",
+ "serde",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "stringprep",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
+ "whoami",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-postgres"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0db2df1b8731c3651e204629dd55e52adbae0462fa1bdcbed56a2302c18181e"
+dependencies = [
+ "atoi",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bitflags 2.4.0",
+ "byteorder",
+ "chrono",
+ "crc",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "etcetera",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-util",
+ "hex",
+ "hkdf",
+ "hmac",
+ "home",
+ "itoa",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "memchr",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rand",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "stringprep",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
+ "whoami",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-sqlite"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be4c21bf34c7cae5b283efb3ac1bcc7670df7561124dc2f8bdc0b59be40f79a2"
+dependencies = [
+ "atoi",
+ "chrono",
+ "flume",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-executor",
+ "futures-intrusive",
+ "futures-util",
+ "libsqlite3-sys",
+ "log",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "serde",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "tracing",
+ "url",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "stable_deref_trait"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -9473,6 +9771,12 @@ version = "0.1.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c0edd1e5b14653f783770bce4a4dabb4a5108a5370a5f5d8cfe8710c361f6c8b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode_categories"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "39ec24b3121d976906ece63c9daad25b85969647682eee313cb5779fdd69e14e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unsafe-libyaml"
 version = "0.2.9"
@@ -9733,6 +10037,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustix 0.38.11",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "whoami"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "22fc3756b8a9133049b26c7f61ab35416c130e8c09b660f5b3958b446f52cc50"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -9940,6 +10250,7 @@ name = "workspace-hack"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "allocator-api2",
  "anyhow",
  "auto_enums",
  "aws-credential-types",
@@ -9948,6 +10259,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.3",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
+ "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "cc",
  "chrono",
@@ -9955,8 +10267,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "combine",
  "crossbeam-epoch",
+ "crossbeam-queue",
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "deranged",
+ "digest",
  "either",
  "fail",
  "fixedbitset",
@@ -9971,10 +10285,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
  "hashbrown 0.14.0",
+ "heck 0.4.1",
  "hyper",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
  "jni",
+ "lazy_static",
  "lexical-core",
  "lexical-parse-float",
  "lexical-parse-integer",
@@ -9986,11 +10302,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
+ "md-5",
  "mio",
  "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
  "num-traits",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
@@ -10016,7 +10334,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "signature",
  "smallvec",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "sqlx-mysql",
+ "sqlx-postgres",
+ "sqlx-sqlite",
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.33",
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index cd81265e5f733..329fb4fdc1fda 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 scopeguard = "1.2.0"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
+sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["runtime-tokio", "postgres", "mysql", "sqlite", "chrono"] }
 sync-point = { path = "../utils/sync-point" }
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
diff --git a/src/meta/src/error.rs b/src/meta/src/error.rs
index b6c86b3f1eec0..b056fea0e35e7 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/error.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::BoxedError;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkError;
 use risingwave_pb::PbFieldNotFound;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::error::RpcError;
+use sqlx::Error;
 
 use crate::hummock::error::Error as HummockError;
 use crate::manager::WorkerId;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ enum MetaErrorInner {
     Unavailable(String),
 
     #[error("Election failed: {0}")]
-    Election(etcd_client::Error),
+    Election(String),
 
     #[error("Cancelled: {0}")]
     Cancelled(String),
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ enum MetaErrorInner {
     #[error("Sink error: {0}")]
     Sink(SinkError),
 
-    #[error("AWS SDK error: {}", DisplayErrorContext(&**.0))]
+    #[error("AWS SDK error: {}", DisplayErrorContext(& * *.0))]
     Aws(BoxedError),
 
     #[error(transparent)]
@@ -165,7 +166,13 @@ impl From<HummockError> for MetaError {
 
 impl From<etcd_client::Error> for MetaError {
     fn from(e: etcd_client::Error) -> Self {
-        MetaErrorInner::Election(e).into()
+        MetaErrorInner::Election(e.to_string()).into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<sqlx::Error> for MetaError {
+    fn from(value: Error) -> Self {
+        MetaErrorInner::Election(value.to_string()).into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election_client.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/election_client.rs
rename to src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
index fdc9f9b3bc2dd..f30d8253cb95d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
@@ -18,33 +18,15 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use etcd_client::{ConnectOptions, Error, GetOptions, LeaderKey, ResignOptions};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
 use tokio::sync::{oneshot, watch};
 use tokio::time;
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 
+use crate::rpc::election::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, META_ELECTION_KEY};
 use crate::storage::WrappedEtcdClient;
 use crate::MetaResult;
 
-const META_ELECTION_KEY: &str = "__meta_election_";
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
-pub struct ElectionMember {
-    pub id: String,
-    pub is_leader: bool,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub trait ElectionClient: Send + Sync + 'static {
-    fn id(&self) -> MetaResult<String>;
-    async fn run_once(&self, ttl: i64, stop: Receiver<()>) -> MetaResult<()>;
-    fn subscribe(&self) -> Receiver<bool>;
-    async fn leader(&self) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionMember>>;
-    async fn get_members(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionMember>>;
-    async fn is_leader(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
 pub struct EtcdElectionClient {
     id: String,
     is_leader_sender: watch::Sender<bool>,
@@ -367,7 +349,8 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::sync::watch::Sender;
     use tokio::time;
 
-    use crate::rpc::election_client::{ElectionClient, EtcdElectionClient, META_ELECTION_KEY};
+    use crate::rpc::election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
+    use crate::rpc::election::{ElectionClient, META_ELECTION_KEY};
 
     type ElectionHandle = (Sender<()>, Arc<dyn ElectionClient>);
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9835c554b3fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+pub mod etcd;
+pub mod sql;
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
+
+use crate::MetaResult;
+
+const META_ELECTION_KEY: &str = "__meta_election_";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct ElectionMember {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub is_leader: bool,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait ElectionClient: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    fn id(&self) -> MetaResult<String>;
+    async fn run_once(&self, ttl: i64, stop: Receiver<()>) -> MetaResult<()>;
+    fn subscribe(&self) -> Receiver<bool>;
+    async fn leader(&self) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionMember>>;
+    async fn get_members(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionMember>>;
+    async fn is_leader(&self) -> bool;
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b6bd02b179c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use sqlx::{MySql, MySqlPool, PgPool, Postgres, Sqlite, SqlitePool};
+use tokio::sync::watch;
+use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
+use tokio::time;
+
+use crate::rpc::election::META_ELECTION_KEY;
+use crate::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, MetaResult};
+
+pub struct SqlBackendElectionClient<T: SqlDriver> {
+    id: String,
+    driver: Arc<T>,
+    is_leader_sender: watch::Sender<bool>,
+}
+
+#[derive(sqlx::FromRow, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct ElectionRow {
+    service: String,
+    id: String,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub(crate) trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()>;
+
+    async fn try_campaign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str, ttl: i64)
+        -> MetaResult<ElectionRow>;
+    async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>>;
+
+    async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>>;
+
+    async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait SqlDriverCommon {
+    const ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_leader";
+    const ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_members";
+
+    fn election_table_name() -> &'static str {
+        Self::ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME
+    }
+    fn member_table_name() -> &'static str {
+        Self::ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME
+    }
+}
+
+impl SqlDriverCommon for MySqlDriver {}
+
+impl SqlDriverCommon for PostgresDriver {}
+
+impl SqlDriverCommon for SqliteDriver {}
+
+pub struct MySqlDriver {
+    pool: MySqlPool,
+}
+
+pub struct PostgresDriver {
+    pool: PgPool,
+}
+
+pub struct SqliteDriver {
+    pool: SqlitePool,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl SqlDriver for SqliteDriver {
+    async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES($1, $2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
+ON CONFLICT (id, service)
+DO
+   UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
+"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(id)
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn try_campaign(
+        &self,
+        service_name: &str,
+        id: &str,
+        ttl: i64,
+    ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Sqlite, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES ($1, $2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
+ON CONFLICT (service)
+    DO UPDATE
+    SET id             = CASE
+                             WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' second') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.id
+                             ELSE {table}.id
+        END,
+        last_heartbeat = CASE
+                             WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' seconds') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                             WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                             ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
+            END
+RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
+"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+            .bind(service_name)
+            .bind(id)
+            .bind(ttl)
+            .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl SqlDriver for MySqlDriver {
+    async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES(?, ?, NOW())
+ON duplicate KEY
+   UPDATE last_heartbeat = VALUES(last_heartbeat);
+"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(id)
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn try_campaign(
+        &self,
+        service_name: &str,
+        id: &str,
+        ttl: i64,
+    ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
+        let _ = sqlx::query::<MySql>(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT
+    IGNORE
+INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES (?, ?, NOW())
+ON duplicate KEY
+    UPDATE id             = if(last_heartbeat < NOW() - INTERVAL ? SECOND,
+                               VALUES(id), id),
+           last_heartbeat = if(id =
+                               VALUES(id),
+                               VALUES(last_heartbeat), last_heartbeat);"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .bind(ttl)
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name(),
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl SqlDriver for PostgresDriver {
+    async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES($1, $2, NOW())
+ON CONFLICT (id, service)
+DO
+   UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
+"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(id)
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn try_campaign(
+        &self,
+        service_name: &str,
+        id: &str,
+        ttl: i64,
+    ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+VALUES ($1, $2, NOW())
+ON CONFLICT (service)
+    DO UPDATE
+    SET id             = CASE
+                             WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.id
+                             ELSE {table}.id
+        END,
+        last_heartbeat = CASE
+                             WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                             WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                             ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
+            END
+RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
+"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+            .bind(service_name)
+            .bind(id)
+            .bind(Duration::from_secs(ttl as u64))
+            .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
+        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(row)
+    }
+
+    async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        sqlx::query(&format!(
+            r#"
+        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+        "#,
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        ))
+        .bind(service_name)
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(&mut *txn)
+        .await?;
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<T> ElectionClient for SqlBackendElectionClient<T>
+where
+    T: SqlDriver + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    fn id(&self) -> MetaResult<String> {
+        Ok(self.id.clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn run_once(&self, ttl: i64, stop: Receiver<()>) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let stop = stop.clone();
+
+        let member_refresh_driver = self.driver.clone();
+
+        let id = self.id.clone();
+
+        let mut member_refresh_stop = stop.clone();
+
+        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
+
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = ticker.tick() => {
+
+                        if let Err(e) = member_refresh_driver
+                            .update_heartbeat(META_ELECTION_KEY, id.as_str())
+                            .await {
+
+                            tracing::debug!("keep alive for member {} failed {}", id, e);
+                            continue
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ = member_refresh_stop.changed() => {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        let _guard = scopeguard::guard(handle, |handle| handle.abort());
+
+        self.is_leader_sender.send_replace(false);
+
+        let mut timeout_ticker = time::interval(Duration::from_secs_f64(ttl as f64 / 2.0));
+        timeout_ticker.reset();
+        let mut stop = stop.clone();
+
+        let mut is_leader = false;
+
+        let mut election_ticker = time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
+
+        loop {
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = election_ticker.tick() => {
+                    let election_row = self
+                        .driver
+                        .try_campaign(META_ELECTION_KEY, self.id.as_str(), ttl)
+                        .await?;
+
+                        assert_eq!(election_row.service, META_ELECTION_KEY);
+
+                        if election_row.id.eq_ignore_ascii_case(self.id.as_str()) {
+                            if !is_leader{
+                                self.is_leader_sender.send_replace(true);
+                                is_leader = true;
+                            }
+                        } else if is_leader {
+                            tracing::warn!("leader has been changed to {}", election_row.id);
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                    timeout_ticker.reset();
+                }
+                _ = timeout_ticker.tick() => {
+                    tracing::error!("member {} election timeout", self.id);
+                    break;
+                }
+                _ = stop.changed() => {
+                    tracing::info!("stop signal received when observing");
+
+                    if is_leader {
+                        tracing::info!("leader {} resigning", self.id);
+                        if let Err(e) = self.driver.resign(META_ELECTION_KEY, self.id.as_str()).await {
+                            tracing::warn!("resign failed {}", e);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.is_leader_sender.send_replace(false);
+
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe(&self) -> Receiver<bool> {
+        self.is_leader_sender.subscribe()
+    }
+
+    async fn leader(&self) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionMember>> {
+        let row = self.driver.leader(META_ELECTION_KEY).await?;
+        Ok(row.map(|row| ElectionMember {
+            id: row.id,
+            is_leader: true,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn get_members(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionMember>> {
+        let leader = self.leader().await?;
+        let members = self.driver.candidates(META_ELECTION_KEY).await?;
+
+        Ok(members
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|row| {
+                let is_leader = leader
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|leader| leader.id.eq_ignore_ascii_case(row.id.as_str()))
+                    .unwrap_or(false);
+
+                ElectionMember {
+                    id: row.id,
+                    is_leader,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn is_leader(&self) -> bool {
+        *self.is_leader_sender.borrow()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use sqlx::sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions;
+    use sqlx::SqlitePool;
+    use tokio::sync::watch;
+
+    use crate::rpc::election::sql::{SqlBackendElectionClient, SqlDriverCommon, SqliteDriver};
+    use crate::{ElectionClient, MetaResult};
+
+    async fn prepare_sqlite_env() -> MetaResult<SqlitePool> {
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new().connect("sqlite::memory:").await?;
+        let _ = sqlx::query(
+            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256) PRIMARY KEY, id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME)",
+                     table = SqliteDriver::election_table_name()))
+            .execute(&pool).await?;
+
+        let _ = sqlx::query(
+            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id))",
+                     table = SqliteDriver::member_table_name()))
+            .execute(&pool).await?;
+
+        Ok(pool)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_sql_election() {
+        let id = "test_id".to_string();
+        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+
+        let provider = SqliteDriver { pool };
+        let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
+        let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
+            id,
+            driver: Arc::new(provider),
+            is_leader_sender: sender,
+        });
+        let (stop_sender, _) = watch::channel(());
+
+        let stop_receiver = stop_sender.subscribe();
+
+        let mut receiver = sql_election_client.subscribe();
+        let client_ = sql_election_client.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move { client_.run_once(10, stop_receiver).await.unwrap() });
+
+        loop {
+            receiver.changed().await.unwrap();
+            if *receiver.borrow() {
+                assert!(sql_election_client.is_leader().await);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_sql_election_multi() {
+        let (stop_sender, _) = watch::channel(());
+
+        let mut clients = vec![];
+
+        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+        for i in 1..3 {
+            let id = format!("test_id_{}", i);
+            let provider = SqliteDriver { pool: pool.clone() };
+            let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
+            let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
+                id,
+                driver: Arc::new(provider),
+                is_leader_sender: sender,
+            });
+
+            let stop_receiver = stop_sender.subscribe();
+            let client_ = sql_election_client.clone();
+            tokio::spawn(async move { client_.run_once(10, stop_receiver).await.unwrap() });
+            clients.push(sql_election_client);
+        }
+
+        let mut is_leaders = vec![];
+
+        for client in clients {
+            is_leaders.push(client.is_leader().await);
+        }
+
+        assert!(is_leaders.iter().filter(|&x| *x).count() <= 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
index 6baa080fba83b..36380c4d2dafb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
 
 mod cloud_provider;
 pub mod ddl_controller;
-mod election_client;
+pub mod election;
 mod intercept;
 pub mod metrics;
 pub mod server;
 pub mod service;
 
-pub use election_client::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
+pub use election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
+pub use election::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember};
 pub use service::cluster_service::ClusterServiceImpl;
 pub use service::ddl_service::DdlServiceImpl;
 pub use service::heartbeat_service::HeartbeatServiceImpl;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
index 53000dee54f40..6a8726b8a1695 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ use crate::manager::{
     SystemParamsManager,
 };
 use crate::rpc::cloud_provider::AwsEc2Client;
-use crate::rpc::election_client::{ElectionClient, EtcdElectionClient};
+use crate::rpc::election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
+use crate::rpc::election::ElectionClient;
 use crate::rpc::metrics::{
     start_fragment_info_monitor, start_worker_info_monitor, GLOBAL_META_METRICS,
 };
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 4f60cf6c03f92..9a8ddc3de1173 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,22 +19,26 @@ publish = false
 ### BEGIN HAKARI SECTION
 [dependencies]
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
+allocator-api2 = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "nightly"] }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["hardcoded-credentials"] }
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
 base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
 bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
-bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
+byteorder = { version = "1" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
 clap_builder = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["cargo", "color", "env", "help", "std", "suggestions", "usage"] }
 combine = { version = "4" }
 crossbeam-epoch = { version = "0.9" }
+crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
 crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
 deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
-either = { version = "1" }
+digest = { version = "0.10", features = ["mac", "oid", "std"] }
+either = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 fail = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["failpoints"] }
 fixedbitset = { version = "0.4" }
 flate2 = { version = "1", features = ["zlib"] }
@@ -48,10 +52,12 @@ futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
 hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
+heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
 jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
+lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
 lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
 lexical-parse-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
@@ -63,11 +69,13 @@ lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
+md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }
+num-iter = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["i128", "std"] }
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", features = ["i128", "libm"] }
 opentelemetry_api = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
 opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
@@ -90,9 +98,16 @@ ring = { version = "0.16", features = ["std"] }
 rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
 scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "raw_value"] }
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
+sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
+sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
+signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
+sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
@@ -114,24 +129,46 @@ uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
+allocator-api2 = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "nightly"] }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
-bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
+bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
+byteorder = { version = "1" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
+crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
+crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
 deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
-either = { version = "1" }
+digest = { version = "0.10", features = ["mac", "oid", "std"] }
+either = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 fixedbitset = { version = "0.4" }
 frunk_core = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+futures-channel = { version = "0.3", features = ["sink"] }
+futures-core = { version = "0.3" }
+futures-io = { version = "0.3" }
+futures-sink = { version = "0.3" }
+futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
+futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
+heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
+lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
+lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
+md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
+mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }
+num-iter = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["i128", "std"] }
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", features = ["i128", "libm"] }
+parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock", "deadlock_detection"] }
+parking_lot_core = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
 phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
@@ -143,13 +180,31 @@ rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
+scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "raw_value"] }
+sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
+sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
+signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
+smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
+sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
+tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
+tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
+tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
+tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }
+unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
+unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
+url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From c9b356a36c5c60ebf38c2bb9cba6195029d73ba1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 13:34:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 133/430] chore: use `--fragments` with ids separated by commas
 (#12438)

Signed-off-by: Shanicky Chen <peng@risingwave-labs.com>
---
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index 854b9e9260eb3..7c6f72b6c5ab4 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ pub struct ScaleCommon {
 
     /// Specify the fragment ids that need to be scheduled.
     /// empty by default, which means all fragments will be scheduled
-    #[clap(long)]
+    #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
     fragments: Option<Vec<u32>>,
 }
 
@@ -325,13 +325,14 @@ pub struct ScaleVerticalCommands {
     /// supported
     #[clap(
         long,
+        required = true,
         value_delimiter = ',',
         value_name = "all or worker_id or worker_host, ..."
     )]
     workers: Option<Vec<String>>,
 
     /// The target parallelism per worker, requires `workers` to be set.
-    #[clap(long, requires = "workers")]
+    #[clap(long, required = true)]
     target_parallelism_per_worker: Option<u32>,
 }
 

From 6db46600dc472bd559d1c9225a2665b1b35af24f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 14:30:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 134/430] refactor(sqlparser): cleanup dead code on `FORMAT
 ENCODE` (v2) -> `ROW FORMAT` (v1) (#12450)

---
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs | 245 -----------------------------
 1 file changed, 245 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index f0df9808094b8..d2120c23b07fd 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -234,129 +234,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for SourceSchema {
     }
 }
 
-/// will be deprecated and be replaced by Format and Encode
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
-pub enum RowFormat {
-    Protobuf,          // Keyword::PROTOBUF
-    Json,              // Keyword::JSON
-    DebeziumJson,      // Keyword::DEBEZIUM_JSON
-    DebeziumMongoJson, // Keyword::DEBEZIUM_MONGO_JSON
-    UpsertJson,        // Keyword::UPSERT_JSON
-    Avro,              // Keyword::AVRO
-    UpsertAvro,        // Keyword::UpsertAVRO
-    Maxwell,           // Keyword::MAXWELL
-    CanalJson,         // Keyword::CANAL_JSON
-    Csv,               // Keyword::CSV
-    DebeziumAvro,      // Keyword::DEBEZIUM_AVRO
-    Bytes,             // Keyword::BYTES
-    Native,
-}
-
-impl RowFormat {
-    pub fn from_keyword(s: &str) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
-        Ok(match s {
-            "JSON" => RowFormat::Json,
-            "UPSERT_JSON" => RowFormat::UpsertJson,
-            "PROTOBUF" => RowFormat::Protobuf,
-            "DEBEZIUM_JSON" => RowFormat::DebeziumJson,
-            "DEBEZIUM_MONGO_JSON" => RowFormat::DebeziumMongoJson,
-            "AVRO" => RowFormat::Avro,
-            "UPSERT_AVRO" => RowFormat::UpsertAvro,
-            "MAXWELL" => RowFormat::Maxwell,
-            "CANAL_JSON" => RowFormat::CanalJson,
-            "CSV" => RowFormat::Csv,
-            "DEBEZIUM_AVRO" => RowFormat::DebeziumAvro,
-            "BYTES" => RowFormat::Bytes,
-             _ => return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                "expected JSON | UPSERT_JSON | PROTOBUF | DEBEZIUM_JSON | DEBEZIUM_AVRO | AVRO | UPSERT_AVRO | MAXWELL | CANAL_JSON | BYTES after ROW FORMAT".to_string(),
-            ))
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// a compatibility layer, return (format, row_encode)
-    pub fn to_format_v2(&self) -> (Format, Encode) {
-        let format = match self {
-            RowFormat::Protobuf => Format::Plain,
-            RowFormat::Json => Format::Plain,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumJson => Format::Debezium,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumMongoJson => Format::DebeziumMongo,
-            RowFormat::UpsertJson => Format::Upsert,
-            RowFormat::Avro => Format::Plain,
-            RowFormat::UpsertAvro => Format::Upsert,
-            RowFormat::Maxwell => Format::Maxwell,
-            RowFormat::CanalJson => Format::Canal,
-            RowFormat::Csv => Format::Plain,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumAvro => Format::Debezium,
-            RowFormat::Bytes => Format::Plain,
-            RowFormat::Native => Format::Native,
-        };
-
-        let encode = match self {
-            RowFormat::Protobuf => Encode::Protobuf,
-            RowFormat::Json => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumJson => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumMongoJson => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::UpsertJson => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::Avro => Encode::Avro,
-            RowFormat::UpsertAvro => Encode::Avro,
-            RowFormat::Maxwell => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::CanalJson => Encode::Json,
-            RowFormat::Csv => Encode::Csv,
-            RowFormat::DebeziumAvro => Encode::Avro,
-            RowFormat::Bytes => Encode::Bytes,
-            RowFormat::Native => Encode::Native,
-        };
-        (format, encode)
-    }
-
-    /// a compatibility layer
-    pub fn from_format_v2(format: &Format, encode: &Encode) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
-        Ok(match (format, encode) {
-            (Format::Native, Encode::Native) => RowFormat::Native,
-            (Format::Native, _) => unreachable!(),
-            (_, Encode::Native) => unreachable!(),
-            (Format::Debezium, Encode::Avro) => RowFormat::DebeziumAvro,
-            (Format::Debezium, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::DebeziumJson,
-            (Format::Debezium, _) => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "The DEBEZIUM format only support AVRO and JSON Encoding".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-            (Format::DebeziumMongo, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::DebeziumMongoJson,
-            (Format::DebeziumMongo, _) => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "The DEBEZIUM_MONGO format only support JSON Encoding".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-            (Format::Maxwell, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::Maxwell,
-            (Format::Maxwell, _) => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "The MAXWELL format only support JSON Encoding".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-            (Format::Canal, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::CanalJson,
-            (Format::Canal, _) => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "The CANAL format only support JSON Encoding".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-            (Format::Upsert, Encode::Avro) => RowFormat::UpsertAvro,
-            (Format::Upsert, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::UpsertJson,
-            (Format::Upsert, _) => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "The UPSERT format only support AVRO and JSON Encoding".to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
-            (Format::Plain, Encode::Avro) => RowFormat::Avro,
-            (Format::Plain, Encode::Csv) => RowFormat::Csv,
-            (Format::Plain, Encode::Protobuf) => RowFormat::Protobuf,
-            (Format::Plain, Encode::Json) => RowFormat::Json,
-            (Format::Plain, Encode::Bytes) => RowFormat::Bytes,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum Format {
@@ -485,22 +362,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for CompatibleSourceSchema {
 }
 
 impl CompatibleSourceSchema {
-    #[deprecated]
-    pub fn into_source_schema(
-        self,
-    ) -> Result<(SourceSchema, Vec<SqlOption>, Option<String>), ParserError> {
-        match self {
-            CompatibleSourceSchema::RowFormat(inner) => Ok((
-                inner,
-                vec![],
-                Some("RisingWave will stop supporting the syntax \"ROW FORMAT\" in future versions, which will be changed to \"FORMAT ... ENCODE ...\" syntax.".to_string()),
-            )),
-            CompatibleSourceSchema::V2(inner) => {
-                inner.into_source_schema().map(|(s, ops)| (s, ops, None))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn into_source_schema_v2(self) -> (SourceSchemaV2, Option<String>) {
         match self {
             CompatibleSourceSchema::RowFormat(inner) => (
@@ -673,112 +534,6 @@ impl SourceSchemaV2 {
             .try_collect()
     }
 
-    /// just a temporal compatibility layer will be removed soon(so the implementation is a little
-    /// dirty)
-    #[allow(deprecated)]
-    pub fn into_source_schema(self) -> Result<(SourceSchema, Vec<SqlOption>), ParserError> {
-        let options: BTreeMap<String, String> = self
-            .row_options
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
-            .map(|x| match x.value {
-                Value::SingleQuotedString(s) => Ok((x.name.real_value(), s)),
-                Value::Number(n) => Ok((x.name.real_value(), n)),
-                Value::Boolean(b) => Ok((x.name.real_value(), b.to_string())),
-                _ => Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "`row format options` only support single quoted string value".to_owned(),
-                )),
-            })
-            .try_collect()?;
-
-        let try_consume_string_from_options =
-            |row_options: &BTreeMap<String, String>, key: &str| -> Option<AstString> {
-                row_options.get(key).cloned().map(AstString)
-            };
-        let consume_string_from_options =
-            |row_options: &BTreeMap<String, String>, key: &str| -> Result<AstString, ParserError> {
-                try_consume_string_from_options(row_options, key).ok_or_else(|| {
-                    ParserError::ParserError(format!("missing field {} in row format options", key))
-                })
-            };
-        let get_schema_location =
-            |row_options: &BTreeMap<String, String>| -> Result<(AstString, bool), ParserError> {
-                let schema_location =
-                    try_consume_string_from_options(row_options, "schema.location");
-                let schema_registry =
-                    try_consume_string_from_options(row_options, "schema.registry");
-                match (schema_location, schema_registry) {
-                    (None, None) => Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                        "missing either a schema location or a schema registry".to_string(),
-                    )),
-                    (None, Some(schema_registry)) => Ok((schema_registry, true)),
-                    (Some(schema_location), None) => Ok((schema_location, false)),
-                    (Some(_), Some(_)) => Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                        "only need either the schema location or the schema registry".to_string(),
-                    )),
-                }
-            };
-        let row_format = RowFormat::from_format_v2(&self.format, &self.row_encode)?;
-        Ok((
-            match row_format {
-                RowFormat::Protobuf => {
-                    let (row_schema_location, use_schema_registry) = get_schema_location(&options)?;
-                    SourceSchema::Protobuf(ProtobufSchema {
-                        message_name: consume_string_from_options(&options, "message")?,
-                        row_schema_location,
-                        use_schema_registry,
-                    })
-                }
-                RowFormat::Json => SourceSchema::Json,
-                RowFormat::DebeziumJson => SourceSchema::DebeziumJson,
-                RowFormat::DebeziumMongoJson => SourceSchema::DebeziumMongoJson,
-                RowFormat::UpsertJson => SourceSchema::UpsertJson,
-                RowFormat::Avro => {
-                    let (row_schema_location, use_schema_registry) = get_schema_location(&options)?;
-                    SourceSchema::Avro(AvroSchema {
-                        row_schema_location,
-                        use_schema_registry,
-                    })
-                }
-                RowFormat::UpsertAvro => {
-                    let (row_schema_location, use_schema_registry) = get_schema_location(&options)?;
-                    SourceSchema::UpsertAvro(AvroSchema {
-                        row_schema_location,
-                        use_schema_registry,
-                    })
-                }
-                RowFormat::Maxwell => SourceSchema::Maxwell,
-                RowFormat::CanalJson => SourceSchema::CanalJson,
-                RowFormat::Csv => {
-                    let chars = consume_string_from_options(&options, "delimiter")?.0;
-                    let delimiter = get_delimiter(chars.as_str())?;
-                    let has_header = try_consume_string_from_options(&options, "without_header")
-                        .map(|s| s.0 == "false")
-                        .unwrap_or(true);
-                    SourceSchema::Csv(CsvInfo {
-                        delimiter,
-                        has_header,
-                    })
-                }
-                RowFormat::DebeziumAvro => {
-                    let (row_schema_location, use_schema_registry) = get_schema_location(&options)?;
-                    if !use_schema_registry {
-                        return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                            "schema location for DEBEZIUM_AVRO row format is not supported"
-                                .to_string(),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                    SourceSchema::DebeziumAvro(DebeziumAvroSchema {
-                        row_schema_location,
-                    })
-                }
-                RowFormat::Bytes => SourceSchema::Bytes,
-                RowFormat::Native => SourceSchema::Native,
-            },
-            self.row_options,
-        ))
-    }
-
     pub fn row_options(&self) -> &[SqlOption] {
         self.row_options.as_ref()
     }

From 14292d783896ed01a569f3f3963aec944a1f42ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 14:35:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 135/430] chore(deps): update tokio-postgres to v0.7.10
 (#12452)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 11 +++++++++--
 Cargo.toml                    |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  4 +++-
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6a501a1dc0360..cd3441db7b2e2 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9323,8 +9323,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-postgres"
-version = "0.7.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git?rev=4538cd6#4538cd6bacd66909a56a8aa3aa3fd7b0b52545b3"
+version = "0.7.10"
+source = "git+https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git?rev=ac00d88#ac00d8866b8abeede7747587956ef11766b5902f"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "byteorder",
@@ -9340,8 +9340,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
  "postgres-protocol",
  "postgres-types",
+ "rand",
  "socket2 0.5.3",
  "tokio-util",
+ "whoami",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10042,6 +10044,10 @@ name = "whoami"
 version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "22fc3756b8a9133049b26c7f61ab35416c130e8c09b660f5b3958b446f52cc50"
+dependencies = [
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
@@ -10363,6 +10369,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-normalization",
  "url",
  "uuid",
+ "whoami",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index ccca32af0b9e8..cce3273c1c361 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -223,6 +223,6 @@ quanta = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/quanta.git", rev = "948bdc3" }
 getrandom = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/getrandom.git", rev = "8daf97e" }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e" }
 tokio-retry = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-tokio-retry.git", rev = "95e2fd3" }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "4538cd6" }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88" }
 # patch: unlimit 4MB message size for grpc client
 etcd-client = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git", rev = "d55550a" }
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 9a8ddc3de1173..acbc053ff9983 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ subtle = { version = "2" }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "4538cd6", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
 url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
+whoami = { version = "1" }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
@@ -206,5 +207,6 @@ tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }
 unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
 url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
+whoami = { version = "1" }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From 09c6b75434cc6655bf27e1a758b78dbc88ec1e21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 15:42:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 136/430] build(docker): reorganize Dockerfile to be more
 cacheable & add registry build cache (#12193)

---
 .dockerignore        |  3 ++
 ci/scripts/docker.sh | 25 ++++++++----
 docker/Dockerfile    | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
index 984013bc97e2a..aa0493b541e49 100644
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -48,3 +48,6 @@ risedev-components.user.env
 riselab-components.user.env
 
 .git/
+
+Dockerfile
+.dockerignore
diff --git a/ci/scripts/docker.sh b/ci/scripts/docker.sh
index d84cbc39016dc..f7936f9987d70 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/docker.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/docker.sh
@@ -7,9 +7,26 @@ ghcraddr="ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave"
 dockerhubaddr="risingwavelabs/risingwave"
 arch="$(uname -m)"
 
+echo "--- ghcr login"
+echo "$GHCR_TOKEN" | docker login ghcr.io -u "$GHCR_USERNAME" --password-stdin
+
+echo "--- dockerhub login"
+echo "$DOCKER_TOKEN" | docker login -u "risingwavelabs" --password-stdin
+
 # Build RisingWave docker image ${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}
 echo "--- docker build and tag"
-docker build -f docker/Dockerfile --build-arg "GIT_SHA=${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}" -t "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" --target risingwave .
+docker buildx create \
+  --name container \
+  --driver=docker-container
+
+docker buildx build -f docker/Dockerfile \
+  --build-arg "GIT_SHA=${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}" -t "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" \
+  --progress plain \
+  --builder=container \
+  --load \
+  --cache-to "type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave-build-cache:${arch}" \
+  --cache-from "type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave-build-cache:${arch}" \
+  .
 
 echo "--- check the image can start correctly"
 container_id=$(docker run -d "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}" playground)
@@ -25,12 +42,6 @@ fi
 echo "--- docker images"
 docker images
 
-echo "--- ghcr login"
-echo "$GHCR_TOKEN" | docker login ghcr.io -u "$GHCR_USERNAME" --password-stdin
-
-echo "--- dockerhub login"
-echo "$DOCKER_TOKEN" | docker login -u "risingwavelabs" --password-stdin
-
 echo "--- docker push to ghcr"
 docker push "${ghcraddr}:${BUILDKITE_COMMIT}-${arch}"
 
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 547d7aed477bf..cb86657957b77 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -17,32 +17,56 @@ COPY ./proto  /risingwave/proto
 
 RUN cd /risingwave/dashboard && npm i && npm run build-static && rm -rf node_modules
 
-FROM base AS builder
+FROM base AS rust-base
 
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install make cmake protobuf-compiler curl bash lld maven unzip
+RUN apt-get -y install make cmake protobuf-compiler curl bash lld unzip
 
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
 
 RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+ENV CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0
 
-RUN mkdir -p /risingwave
+COPY rust-toolchain rust-toolchain
 
-WORKDIR /risingwave
+# We need to add the `rustfmt` dependency, otherwise `risingwave_pb` will not compile
+RUN rustup self update \
+  && rustup set profile minimal \
+  && rustup show \
+  && rustup component add rustfmt
 
-COPY ./ /risingwave
 
-ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+# TODO: cargo-chef doesn't work well now, because we update Cargo.lock very often.
+# We may consider sccache instead.
 
-ENV IN_CONTAINER=1
+# RUN cargo install --git https://github.com/xxchan/cargo-chef cargo-chef --locked --rev 11f9fed
 
+# FROM rust-base AS rust-planner
+
+# RUN mkdir -p /risingwave
+# WORKDIR /risingwave
+# COPY ./ /risingwave
+
+# RUN cargo chef prepare --recipe-path recipe.json
+
+# FROM rust-base AS rust-builder
+
+# RUN mkdir -p /risingwave
+# WORKDIR /risingwave
+
+# COPY --from=rust-planner /risingwave/recipe.json recipe.json
+
+# # Build dependencies - this can be cached if the dependencies don't change
+# RUN cargo chef cook --release --recipe-path recipe.json
+
+FROM rust-base AS rust-builder
+
+# Build application
 ARG GIT_SHA
 ENV GIT_SHA=$GIT_SHA
 
-# We need to add the `rustfmt` dependency, otherwise `risingwave_pb` will not compile
-RUN rustup self update \
-  && rustup set profile minimal \
-  && rustup show \
-  && rustup component add rustfmt
+COPY ./ /risingwave
+WORKDIR /risingwave
 
 RUN cargo fetch && \
   cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all --release --features "rw-static-link" && \
@@ -53,9 +77,39 @@ RUN cargo fetch && \
   chmod +x /risingwave/bin/jeprof && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/lib && cargo clean
 
-RUN cd /risingwave/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Djava.binding.release=true && \
-    mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && \
-    tar -zxvf /risingwave/java/connector-node/assembly/target/risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz -C /risingwave/bin/connector-node
+FROM base AS java-planner
+
+RUN mkdir -p /risingwave
+WORKDIR /risingwave
+
+COPY java /risingwave/java/
+
+# Move java/**/pom.xml to poms/**/pom.xml
+RUN find . -name pom.xml -exec bash -c 'mkdir -p poms/$(dirname {}); mv {} poms/{}' \;
+
+# We use rust-maven-plugin to build java-binding. So it's FROM rust-base
+FROM rust-base AS java-builder
+
+RUN apt-get -y install maven
+
+RUN mkdir -p /risingwave
+WORKDIR /risingwave/java
+
+# 1. copy only poms
+COPY --from=java-planner /risingwave/poms /risingwave/java/
+
+# 2. start downloading dependencies
+RUN mvn dependency:go-offline --fail-never
+
+# 3. add all source code and start compiling
+# TODO: only add java related code so that changing rust code won't recompile java code
+# Currently java-binding depends on the workspace Cargo.toml, which depends on the whole rust codebase
+# Besides, rust-maven-plugin sets --target-dir, so the dependencies are built twice. How to dedup?
+COPY ./ /risingwave
+
+RUN mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Djava.binding.release=true && \
+  mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && \
+  tar -zxvf /risingwave/java/connector-node/assembly/target/risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz -C /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 
 FROM base AS risingwave
 
@@ -66,11 +120,11 @@ RUN apt-get -y install gdb \
 
 RUN mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && mkdir -p /risingwave/lib
 
-COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave /risingwave/bin/risingwave
-COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp
-COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/connector-node /risingwave/bin/connector-node
+COPY --from=rust-builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave /risingwave/bin/risingwave
+COPY --from=rust-builder /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/risingwave.dwp
+COPY --from=java-builder /risingwave/bin/connector-node /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 COPY --from=dashboard-builder /risingwave/dashboard/out /risingwave/ui
-COPY --from=builder /risingwave/bin/jeprof /usr/local/bin/jeprof
+COPY --from=rust-builder /risingwave/bin/jeprof /usr/local/bin/jeprof
 
 # Set default playground mode to docker-playground profile
 ENV PLAYGROUND_PROFILE docker-playground
@@ -78,6 +132,7 @@ ENV PLAYGROUND_PROFILE docker-playground
 ENV RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH /risingwave/ui
 # Set default connector libs path
 ENV CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH /risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs
+ENV IN_CONTAINER=1
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/risingwave/bin/risingwave" ]
 CMD [ "playground" ]

From 9358708e3aab0a86f0974aeaa50b3871158a0b05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tao Wu <wutao@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 15:43:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 137/430] fix: reserve variable buffer for parameter status
 messages (#12205)

Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 src/utils/pgwire/src/pg_message.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/utils/pgwire/src/pg_message.rs b/src/utils/pgwire/src/pg_message.rs
index 408330a2df6ae..b28d09116f94f 100644
--- a/src/utils/pgwire/src/pg_message.rs
+++ b/src/utils/pgwire/src/pg_message.rs
@@ -451,8 +451,8 @@ impl<'a> BeMessage<'a> {
 
                 // Parameter names and values are passed as null-terminated strings
                 let iov = &mut [name, b"\0", value, b"\0"].map(IoSlice::new);
-                let mut buffer = [0u8; 64]; // this should be enough
-                let cnt = buffer.as_mut().write_vectored(iov).unwrap();
+                let mut buffer = vec![];
+                let cnt = buffer.write_vectored(iov).unwrap();
 
                 buf.put_u8(b'S');
                 write_body(buf, |stream| {

From c9f3cd0c2a22ad28f8a6387baa0806f3c05ecd02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Renjie Liu <liurenjie2008@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 16:22:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 138/430] fix(ci): iceberg sink test failure (#12446)

---
 Cargo.lock                           |  3 +-
 Cargo.toml                           |  2 +-
 e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt |  6 +--
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs    | 79 ++++++++++++++++++----------
 4 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index cd3441db7b2e2..cf9a9dcd9540b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3682,13 +3682,14 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "icelake"
 version = "0.0.10"
-source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd#85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd"
+source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b#166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "apache-avro 0.15.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "arrow-arith",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-cast",
  "arrow-row",
  "arrow-schema",
  "arrow-select",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index cce3273c1c361..1898dafcbb3bc 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
 tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.3.1" }
 tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.3.1" }
-icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "85ca0e57bf059b2e84a8bca531f9a8f3bc2f8dfd" }
+icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b" }
 arrow-array = "46"
 arrow-schema = "46"
 arrow-buffer = "46"
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt b/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
index 126ed4bbf4f4b..5f847eaa30a7e 100644
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ CREATE SINK s6 AS select * from mv6 WITH (
     force_append_only = 'true',
     database.name = 'demo',
     table.name = 'demo_db.demo_table',
-
     catalog.type = 'storage',
     warehouse.path = 's3://icebergdata/demo',
     s3.endpoint = 'http://127.0.0.1:9301',
-    s3.access.key = 'admin',
-    s3.secret.key = 'password'
+    s3.region = 'us-east-1',
+    s3.access.key = 'hummockadmin',
+    s3.secret.key = 'hummockadmin'
 );
 
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 0238c66d43788..db5b899c687c9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::Value;
+use url::Url;
 
 use super::{
     Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ pub struct IcebergConfig {
     pub catalog_type: Option<String>,
 
     #[serde(rename = "warehouse.path")]
-    pub path: Option<String>, // Path of iceberg warehouse, only applicable in storage catalog.
+    pub path: String, // Path of iceberg warehouse, only applicable in storage catalog.
 
     #[serde(rename = "catalog.uri")]
     pub uri: Option<String>, // URI of iceberg catalog, only applicable in rest catalog.
@@ -108,57 +109,81 @@ impl IcebergConfig {
         Ok(config)
     }
 
-    fn build_iceberg_configs(&self) -> HashMap<String, String> {
+    fn build_iceberg_configs(&self) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
         let mut iceberg_configs = HashMap::new();
-        iceberg_configs.insert(
-            CATALOG_TYPE.to_string(),
-            self.catalog_type
-                .as_deref()
-                .unwrap_or("storage")
-                .to_string(),
-        );
+
+        let catalog_type = self
+            .catalog_type
+            .as_deref()
+            .unwrap_or("storage")
+            .to_string();
+
+        iceberg_configs.insert(CATALOG_TYPE.to_string(), catalog_type.clone());
         iceberg_configs.insert(
             CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
             self.database_name.clone().to_string(),
         );
-        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
-            iceberg_configs.insert(
-                format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.warehouse", self.database_name),
-                path.clone().to_string(),
-            );
-        }
 
-        if let Some(uri) = &self.uri {
-            iceberg_configs.insert(
-                format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.uri", self.database_name),
-                uri.clone().to_string(),
-            );
+        match catalog_type.as_str() {
+            "storage" => {
+                iceberg_configs.insert(
+                    format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.warehouse", self.database_name),
+                    self.path.clone(),
+                );
+            }
+            "rest" => {
+                let uri = self.uri.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
+                    SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("`catalog.uri` must be set in rest catalog"))
+                })?;
+                iceberg_configs.insert(format!("iceberg.catalog.{}.uri", self.database_name), uri);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(
+                    "Unsupported catalog type: {}, only support `storage` and `rest`",
+                    catalog_type
+                )))
+            }
         }
 
         if let Some(region) = &self.region {
             iceberg_configs.insert(
-                "iceberg.catalog.table.io.region".to_string(),
+                "iceberg.table.io.region".to_string(),
                 region.clone().to_string(),
             );
         }
 
         if let Some(endpoint) = &self.endpoint {
             iceberg_configs.insert(
-                "iceberg.catalog.table.io.endpoint".to_string(),
+                "iceberg.table.io.endpoint".to_string(),
                 endpoint.clone().to_string(),
             );
         }
 
         iceberg_configs.insert(
-            "iceberg.catalog.table.io.access_key_id".to_string(),
+            "iceberg.table.io.access_key_id".to_string(),
             self.access_key.clone().to_string(),
         );
         iceberg_configs.insert(
-            "iceberg.catalog.table.io.secret_access_key".to_string(),
+            "iceberg.table.io.secret_access_key".to_string(),
             self.secret_key.clone().to_string(),
         );
 
-        iceberg_configs
+        let (bucket, root) = {
+            let url = Url::parse(&self.path).map_err(|e| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(e)))?;
+            let bucket = url
+                .host_str()
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Invalid s3 path: {}, bucket is missing", self.path))
+                })?
+                .to_string();
+            let root = url.path().trim_start_matches('/').to_string();
+            (bucket, root)
+        };
+
+        iceberg_configs.insert("iceberg.table.io.bucket".to_string(), bucket);
+        iceberg_configs.insert("iceberg.table.io.root".to_string(), root);
+
+        Ok(iceberg_configs)
     }
 }
 
@@ -177,7 +202,7 @@ impl Debug for IcebergSink {
 
 impl IcebergSink {
     async fn create_table(&self) -> Result<Table> {
-        let catalog = load_catalog(&self.config.build_iceberg_configs())
+        let catalog = load_catalog(&self.config.build_iceberg_configs()?)
             .await
             .map_err(|e| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Unable to load iceberg catalog: {e}")))?;
 
@@ -414,7 +439,7 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for IcebergSinkCommitter {
             .collect::<Result<Vec<WriteResult>>>()?;
 
         let mut txn = Transaction::new(&mut self.table);
-        txn.append_file(
+        txn.append_data_file(
             write_results
                 .into_iter()
                 .flat_map(|s| s.data_files.into_iter()),

From 14f267410b996d58ee495e76f1115e312e9642fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 16:45:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 139/430] refactor(executor): remove chunk compact before
 HashKey build (#12420)

---
 src/batch/src/executor/group_top_n.rs         |  15 ++-
 src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs            |  11 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs      | 118 +++++++++++++++---
 .../src/executor/join/lookup_join_base.rs     |  12 +-
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk_iter.rs     |  12 ++
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs      |  14 ++-
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs  |   6 +-
 .../executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs  |   6 +-
 9 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/group_top_n.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/group_top_n.rs
index 32f8a8b73c61e..1b76bb6e6e997 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/group_top_n.rs
@@ -196,14 +196,19 @@ impl<K: HashKey> GroupTopNExecutor<K> {
 
         #[for_await]
         for chunk in self.child.execute() {
-            let chunk = Arc::new(chunk?.compact());
+            let chunk = Arc::new(chunk?);
             let keys = K::build(self.group_key.as_slice(), &chunk)?;
 
-            for (row_id, (encoded_row, key)) in encode_chunk(&chunk, &self.column_orders)?
-                .into_iter()
-                .zip_eq_fast(keys.into_iter())
-                .enumerate()
+            for (row_id, ((encoded_row, key), visible)) in
+                encode_chunk(&chunk, &self.column_orders)?
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .zip_eq_fast(keys.into_iter())
+                    .zip_eq_fast(chunk.visibility().iter())
+                    .enumerate()
             {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 let heap = groups.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| {
                     TopNHeap::new(
                         self.limit,
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 283a4caf4f80c..d4480d9bd4064 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -223,10 +223,17 @@ impl<K: HashKey + Send + Sync> HashAggExecutor<K> {
         // consume all chunks to compute the agg result
         #[for_await]
         for chunk in self.child.execute() {
-            let chunk = StreamChunk::from(chunk?.compact());
+            let chunk = StreamChunk::from(chunk?);
             let keys = K::build(self.group_key_columns.as_slice(), &chunk)?;
             let mut memory_usage_diff = 0;
-            for (row_id, key) in keys.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            for (row_id, (key, visible)) in keys
+                .into_iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 let mut new_group = false;
                 let states = groups.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| {
                     new_group = true;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
index 633f9243f0eeb..0f5a0788b23ec 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/hash_join.rs
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         let mut build_row_count = 0;
         #[for_await]
         for build_chunk in self.build_side_source.execute() {
-            let build_chunk = build_chunk?.compact();
+            let build_chunk = build_chunk?;
             if build_chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                 build_row_count += build_chunk.cardinality();
                 self.mem_ctx.add(build_chunk.estimated_heap_size() as i64);
@@ -252,8 +252,15 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for (build_chunk_id, build_chunk) in build_side.iter().enumerate() {
             let build_keys = K::build(&self.build_key_idxs, build_chunk)?;
 
-            for (build_row_id, build_key) in build_keys.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            for (build_row_id, (build_key, visible)) in build_keys
+                .into_iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(build_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
                 self.shutdown_rx.check()?;
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 // Only insert key to hash map if it is consistent with the null safe restriction.
                 if build_key.null_bitmap().is_subset(&null_matched) {
                     let row_id = RowId::new(build_chunk_id, build_row_id);
@@ -348,7 +355,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for build_row_id in
                     next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(hash_map.get(probe_key).copied())
                 {
@@ -404,7 +418,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if let Some(first_matched_build_row_id) = hash_map.get(probe_key) {
                     for build_row_id in
                         next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(Some(*first_matched_build_row_id))
@@ -466,7 +487,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 non_equi_state.found_matched = false;
                 non_equi_state
                     .first_output_row_id
@@ -537,7 +565,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 shutdown_rx.check()?;
                 if !ANTI_JOIN {
                     if hash_map.get(probe_key).is_some() {
@@ -594,7 +629,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 non_equi_state
                     .first_output_row_id
                     .push(chunk_builder.buffered_count());
@@ -662,7 +704,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 non_equi_state.found_matched = false;
                 if let Some(first_matched_build_row_id) = hash_map.get(probe_key) {
                     non_equi_state
@@ -737,7 +786,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for build_row_id in
                     next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(hash_map.get(probe_key).copied())
                 {
@@ -795,7 +851,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for build_row_id in
                     next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(hash_map.get(probe_key).copied())
                 {
@@ -860,7 +923,13 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for probe_key in &probe_keys {
+            for (probe_key, visible) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for build_row_id in
                     next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(hash_map.get(probe_key).copied())
                 {
@@ -908,7 +977,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for build_row_id in
                     next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(hash_map.get(probe_key).copied())
                 {
@@ -974,7 +1050,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if let Some(first_matched_build_row_id) = hash_map.get(probe_key) {
                     for build_row_id in
                         next_build_row_with_same_key.row_id_iter(Some(*first_matched_build_row_id))
@@ -1049,7 +1132,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> HashJoinExecutor<K> {
         for probe_chunk in probe_side.execute() {
             let probe_chunk = probe_chunk?;
             let probe_keys = K::build(&probe_key_idxs, &probe_chunk)?;
-            for (probe_row_id, probe_key) in probe_keys.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (probe_row_id, (probe_key, visible)) in probe_keys
+                .iter()
+                .zip_eq_fast(probe_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if !visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 left_non_equi_state.found_matched = false;
                 if let Some(first_matched_build_row_id) = hash_map.get(probe_key) {
                     left_non_equi_state
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/lookup_join_base.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/lookup_join_base.rs
index d60c399ef9941..3e754ab9f012f 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/lookup_join_base.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/lookup_join_base.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{cmp_datum_iter, OrderType};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
 
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey> LookupJoinBase<K> {
             let mut build_row_count = 0;
             #[for_await]
             for build_chunk in hash_join_build_side_input.execute() {
-                let build_chunk = build_chunk?.compact();
+                let build_chunk = build_chunk?;
                 if build_chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
                     build_row_count += build_chunk.cardinality();
                     self.mem_ctx.add(build_chunk.estimated_heap_size() as i64);
@@ -147,7 +148,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey> LookupJoinBase<K> {
             for (build_chunk_id, build_chunk) in build_side.iter().enumerate() {
                 let build_keys = K::build(&hash_join_build_side_key_idxs, build_chunk)?;
 
-                for (build_row_id, build_key) in build_keys.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                for (build_row_id, (build_key, visible)) in build_keys
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .zip_eq_fast(build_chunk.visibility().iter())
+                    .enumerate()
+                {
+                    if !visible {
+                        continue;
+                    }
                     // Only insert key to hash map if it is consistent with the null safe
                     // restriction.
                     if build_key.null_bitmap().is_subset(&null_matched) {
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk_iter.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk_iter.rs
index 1e58fe825ffc2..82a8e9997b661 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk_iter.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk_iter.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ impl StreamChunk {
         let (row, visible) = self.data_chunk().row_at(pos);
         (op, row, visible)
     }
+
+    pub fn rows_with_holes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<(Op, RowRef<'_>)>> {
+        self.data_chunk().rows_with_holes().map(|row| {
+            row.map(|row| {
+                (
+                    // SAFETY: index is checked since we are in the iterator.
+                    unsafe { *self.ops().get_unchecked(row.index()) },
+                    row,
+                )
+            })
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct StreamChunkRefIter<'a> {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index 31705e792909a..a5a39723c9319 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -1002,8 +1002,6 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
             cnt_rows_received,
         } = args;
 
-        let chunk = chunk.compact();
-
         let (side_update, side_match) = if SIDE == SideType::Left {
             (side_l, side_r)
         } else {
@@ -1039,7 +1037,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
             ]);
 
         let keys = K::build(&side_update.join_key_indices, chunk.data_chunk())?;
-        for ((op, row), key) in chunk.rows().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+        for (r, key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+            let Some((op, row)) = r else {
+                continue;
+            };
             Self::evict_cache(side_update, side_match, cnt_rows_received);
 
             let matched_rows: Option<HashValueType> = if side_update
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
index 462f3f2fe1af0..7a523dc89540f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
@@ -209,10 +209,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> TemporalSide<K, S> {
         right_stream_key_indices: &[usize],
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         for chunk in chunks {
-            // Compact chunk, otherwise the following keys and chunk rows might fail to zip.
-            let chunk = chunk.compact();
             let keys = K::build(join_keys, chunk.data_chunk())?;
-            for ((op, row), key) in chunk.rows().zip_eq_debug(keys.into_iter()) {
+            for (r, key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.into_iter()) {
+                let Some((op, row)) = r else {
+                    continue;
+                };
                 if self.cache.contains(&key) {
                     // Update cache
                     let mut entry = self.cache.get_mut(&key).unwrap();
@@ -427,8 +428,6 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
                     yield Message::Watermark(watermark.with_idx(output_watermark_col_idx));
                 }
                 InternalMessage::Chunk(chunk) => {
-                    // Compact chunk, otherwise the following keys and chunk rows might fail to zip.
-                    let chunk = chunk.compact();
                     let mut builder = JoinStreamChunkBuilder::new(
                         self.chunk_size,
                         self.schema.data_types(),
@@ -437,7 +436,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
                     );
                     let epoch = prev_epoch.expect("Chunk data should come after some barrier.");
                     let keys = K::build(&self.left_join_keys, chunk.data_chunk())?;
-                    for ((op, left_row), key) in chunk.rows().zip_eq_debug(keys.into_iter()) {
+                    for (r, key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.into_iter()) {
+                        let Some((op, left_row)) = r else {
+                            continue;
+                        };
                         if key.null_bitmap().is_subset(&null_matched)
                             && let join_entry = self.right_table.lookup(&key, epoch).await?
                             && !join_entry.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
index 7e075002b99cb..78c12ee82f3cd 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
@@ -181,11 +181,13 @@ where
     async fn apply_chunk(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamExecutorResult<StreamChunk> {
         let mut res_ops = Vec::with_capacity(self.limit);
         let mut res_rows = Vec::with_capacity(self.limit);
-        let chunk = chunk.compact();
         let keys = K::build(&self.group_by, chunk.data_chunk())?;
         let table_id_str = self.managed_state.state_table.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
-        for ((op, row_ref), group_cache_key) in chunk.rows().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+        for (r, group_cache_key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+            let Some((op, row_ref)) = r else {
+                continue;
+            };
             // The pk without group by
             let pk_row = row_ref.project(&self.storage_key_indices[self.group_by.len()..]);
             let cache_key = serialize_pk_to_cache_key(pk_row, &self.cache_key_serde);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
index 8df8ee17768c5..140a06984e586 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
@@ -175,14 +175,16 @@ where
     async fn apply_chunk(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamExecutorResult<StreamChunk> {
         let mut res_ops = Vec::with_capacity(self.limit);
         let mut res_rows = Vec::with_capacity(self.limit);
-        let chunk = chunk.compact();
         let keys = K::build(&self.group_by, chunk.data_chunk())?;
 
         let data_types = self.schema().data_types();
         let row_deserializer = RowDeserializer::new(data_types.clone());
         let table_id_str = self.managed_state.state_table.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
-        for ((op, row_ref), group_cache_key) in chunk.rows().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+        for (r, group_cache_key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
+            let Some((op, row_ref)) = r else {
+                continue;
+            };
             // The pk without group by
             let pk_row = row_ref.project(&self.storage_key_indices[self.group_by.len()..]);
             let cache_key = serialize_pk_to_cache_key(pk_row, &self.cache_key_serde);

From 0515f01d0c2de238f05e554fc14fb7761fea6bd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 16:53:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 140/430] fix(ci): fix standalone e2e test breakage (#12444)

---
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh        |  6 +++++-
 e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt | 19 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index fc0fb5e648865..a834bf92687f9 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ echo "--- e2e, $mode, batch"
 RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=info,risingwave_batch=info,risingwave_storage=info" \
 cluster_start
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
-sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
+if [[ $mode != "standalone" ]]; then
+  sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
+else
+  echo "Skipping background_ddl test for $mode"
+fi
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/visibility_mode/*.slt' --junit "batch-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/database/prepare.slt'
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d test './e2e_test/database/test.slt'
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
index 6a8141697d006..000236ca36a6e 100644
--- a/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ statement ok
 CREATE TABLE t (v1 int);
 
 statement ok
-INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 500000);
+INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 300000);
 
 statement ok
 FLUSH;
@@ -22,12 +22,11 @@ CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m2 as SELECT * FROM t;
 statement ok
 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m3 as SELECT * FROM t;
 
-sleep 3s
-
-query I
-select count(*) from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
-----
-3
+# Disable the flaky check:
+# query I
+# select count(*) from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
+# ----
+# 3
 
 statement error
 SELECT * FROM m1;
@@ -42,17 +41,17 @@ sleep 30s
 query I
 select count(*) from m1;
 ----
-500000
+300000
 
 query I
 select count(*) from m2;
 ----
-500000
+300000
 
 query I
 select count(*) from m3;
 ----
-500000
+300000
 
 statement ok
 DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1;

From 6500c1edd93b8cd1bcc949a59d38bfce7f38d669 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 18:56:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 141/430] fix(sink): handle visibility in remote sink (#12463)

---
 src/common/src/array/arrow.rs        | 6 ++++--
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs | 3 +++
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs | 4 ++++
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs     | 2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs      | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
index 0f89e6b4f53f4..00d418af0010f 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@ use crate::types::{Int256, StructType};
 use crate::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 
 // Implement bi-directional `From` between `DataChunk` and `arrow_array::RecordBatch`.
-
-// note: DataChunk -> arrow RecordBatch will IGNORE the visibilities.
 impl TryFrom<&DataChunk> for arrow_array::RecordBatch {
     type Error = ArrayError;
 
     fn try_from(chunk: &DataChunk) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if !chunk.is_compacted() {
+            let c = chunk.clone();
+            return Self::try_from(&c.compact());
+        }
         let columns: Vec<_> = chunk
             .columns()
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
index d072c65ad1826..897bc95ec9992 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
@@ -189,6 +189,9 @@ impl StreamChunk {
     }
 
     pub fn to_protobuf(&self) -> PbStreamChunk {
+        if !self.is_compacted() {
+            return self.clone().compact().to_protobuf();
+        }
         PbStreamChunk {
             cardinality: self.cardinality() as u32,
             ops: self.ops.iter().map(|op| op.to_protobuf() as i32).collect(),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index 187b87397dbf4..841b7fd0c6340 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -301,6 +301,10 @@ impl ClickHouseSinkWriter {
         )?;
         for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
             if op != Op::Insert {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "append only click house sink receive an {:?} which will be ignored.",
+                    op
+                );
                 continue;
             }
             let mut clickhouse_filed_vec = vec![];
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 851c81b8916d0..83ec62e0d7649 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ where
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
         let payload = match self.payload_format {
             SinkPayloadFormat::Json => {
-                let mut row_ops = vec![];
+                let mut row_ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.cardinality());
                 let enc = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String);
                 for (op, row_ref) in chunk.rows() {
                     let map = enc.encode(row_ref)?;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index b68164beea206..fd25b24f8a7da 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::sink::Result;
 
 pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
     let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-    let mut records: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
+    let mut records: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.cardinality());
     for (_, row) in chunk.rows() {
         let record = Value::Object(encoder.encode(row)?);
         records.push(record.to_string());

From 1985bc8b90dd38855da43fadf81cef7f758cd6f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 19:32:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 142/430] refactor(expr): use a wrapper for `eval_checked`
 (#12426)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                   |  6 +--
 src/expr/src/expr/build.rs                  | 12 ++++-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs   |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs   |  4 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs              |  6 +--
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs          |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs             |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs                |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs          |  4 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs               |  2 +-
 src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs                    | 39 +++++++++++----
 src/expr/src/expr/value.rs                  | 34 +++++++++++--
 src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs        | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs            | 17 +++++++
 src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs |  2 +-
 15 files changed, 155 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs

diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index f940a705754a5..29eac04665495 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             quote! {
                 let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len() - #num_args);
                 for child in &self.children[#num_args..] {
-                    columns.push(child.eval_checked(input).await?);
+                    columns.push(child.eval(input).await?);
                 }
                 let variadic_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.visibility().clone());
             }
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     }
                     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
                         #(
-                            let #array_refs = self.children[#children_indices].eval_checked(input).await?;
+                            let #array_refs = self.children[#children_indices].eval(input).await?;
                             let #arrays: &#arg_arrays = #array_refs.as_ref().into();
                         )*
                         #eval_variadic
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     #[try_stream(boxed, ok = DataChunk, error = ExprError)]
                     async fn eval_inner<'a>(&'a self, input: &'a DataChunk) {
                         #(
-                        let #array_refs = self.#child.eval_checked(input).await?;
+                        let #array_refs = self.#child.eval(input).await?;
                         let #arrays: &#arg_arrays = #array_refs.as_ref().into();
                         )*
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
index b2b6db6eafc3c..8f961ded6bad4 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use super::expr_in::InExpression;
 use super::expr_some_all::SomeAllExpression;
 use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
+use super::wrapper::Checked;
 use crate::expr::{
     BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression, TryFromExprNodeBoxed,
 };
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Build an expression from protobuf.
-pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+fn build_from_prost_inner(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
     use PbType as E;
 
     let func_call = match prost.get_rex_node()? {
@@ -70,6 +71,15 @@ pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Build an expression from protobuf with wrappers.
+pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    let expr = build_from_prost_inner(prost)?;
+
+    let checked = Checked(expr);
+
+    Ok(checked.boxed())
+}
+
 /// Build an expression in `FuncCall` variant.
 pub fn build_func(
     func: PbType,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
index 4d1afe88bc659..016fad81074dd 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Expression for ArrayTransformExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let lambda_input = self.array.eval_checked(input).await?;
+        let lambda_input = self.array.eval(input).await?;
         let lambda_input = Arc::unwrap_or_clone(lambda_input).into_list();
         let new_list = lambda_input
             .map_inner(|flatten_input| async move {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
index bc3ccf8f98231..af2db0152a2ef 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Expression for BinaryShortCircuitExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let left = self.expr_ia1.eval_checked(input).await?;
+        let left = self.expr_ia1.eval(input).await?;
         let left = left.as_bool();
 
         let res_vis = match self.expr_type {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl Expression for BinaryShortCircuitExpression {
         let mut input1 = input.clone();
         input1.set_visibility(new_vis);
 
-        let right = self.expr_ia2.eval_checked(&input1).await?;
+        let right = self.expr_ia2.eval(&input1).await?;
         let right = right.as_bool();
         assert_eq!(left.len(), right.len());
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
index be4cdb864d520..6e2591ad61f73 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ impl Expression for CaseExpression {
         let when_len = self.when_clauses.len();
         let mut result_array = Vec::with_capacity(when_len + 1);
         for (when_idx, WhenClause { when, then }) in self.when_clauses.iter().enumerate() {
-            let calc_then_vis = when.eval_checked(&input).await?.as_bool().to_bitmap();
+            let calc_then_vis = when.eval(&input).await?.as_bool().to_bitmap();
             let input_vis = input.visibility().clone();
             input.set_visibility(calc_then_vis.clone());
-            let then_res = then.eval_checked(&input).await?;
+            let then_res = then.eval(&input).await?;
             calc_then_vis
                 .iter_ones()
                 .for_each(|pos| selection[pos] = Some(when_idx));
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl Expression for CaseExpression {
             result_array.push(then_res);
         }
         if let Some(ref else_expr) = self.else_clause {
-            let else_res = else_expr.eval_checked(&input).await?;
+            let else_res = else_expr.eval(&input).await?;
             input
                 .visibility()
                 .iter_ones()
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
index ee47db4db20bc..ca08f18486b66 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Expression for CoalesceExpression {
         let mut selection: Vec<Option<usize>> = vec![None; len];
         let mut children_array = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for (child_idx, child) in self.children.iter().enumerate() {
-            let res = child.eval_checked(&input).await?;
+            let res = child.eval(&input).await?;
             let res_bitmap = res.null_bitmap();
             let orig_vis = input.visibility();
             for pos in orig_vis.bitand(res_bitmap).iter_ones() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs
index 3402335549225..b3c5e4f171760 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Expression for FieldExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let array = self.input.eval_checked(input).await?;
+        let array = self.input.eval(input).await?;
         if let ArrayImpl::Struct(struct_array) = array.as_ref() {
             Ok(struct_array.field_at(self.index).clone())
         } else {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
index ed7c9cc9e50cb..44ec69d718364 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl Expression for InExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let input_array = self.left.eval_checked(input).await?;
+        let input_array = self.left.eval(input).await?;
         let mut output_array = BoolArrayBuilder::new(input_array.len());
         for (data, vis) in input_array.iter().zip_eq_fast(input.visibility().iter()) {
             if vis {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
index 9ae9146406ada..fc284d4679e72 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ impl Expression for SomeAllExpression {
     }
 
     async fn eval(&self, data_chunk: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let arr_left = self.left_expr.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
-        let arr_right = self.right_expr.eval_checked(data_chunk).await?;
+        let arr_left = self.left_expr.eval(data_chunk).await?;
+        let arr_right = self.right_expr.eval(data_chunk).await?;
         let mut num_array = Vec::with_capacity(data_chunk.capacity());
 
         let arr_right_inner = arr_right.as_list();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 8f85515b18863..3d70b21f866f1 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
         let vis = input.visibility();
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
-            let array = child.eval_checked(input).await?;
+            let array = child.eval(input).await?;
             columns.push(array.as_ref().try_into()?);
         }
         self.eval_inner(columns, vis).await
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
index 33509506753fa..7f5c800502557 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ mod expr_some_all;
 pub(crate) mod expr_udf;
 mod expr_unary;
 mod expr_vnode;
+pub(crate) mod wrapper;
 
 mod build;
 pub mod test_utils;
@@ -75,16 +76,6 @@ pub trait Expression: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     /// Get the return data type.
     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType;
 
-    /// Eval the result with extra checks.
-    async fn eval_checked(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let res = self.eval(input).await?;
-
-        // TODO: Decide to use assert or debug_assert by benchmarks.
-        assert_eq!(res.len(), input.capacity());
-
-        Ok(res)
-    }
-
     /// Evaluate the expression in vectorized execution. Returns an array.
     ///
     /// The default implementation calls `eval_v2` and always converts the result to an array.
@@ -175,6 +166,34 @@ impl dyn Expression {
 /// An owned dynamically typed [`Expression`].
 pub type BoxedExpression = Box<dyn Expression>;
 
+// TODO: avoid the overhead of extra boxing.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl Expression for BoxedExpression {
+    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        (**self).return_type()
+    }
+
+    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
+        (**self).eval(input).await
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_v2(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ValueImpl> {
+        (**self).eval_v2(input).await
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
+        (**self).eval_row(input).await
+    }
+
+    fn eval_const(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
+        (**self).eval_const()
+    }
+
+    fn boxed(self) -> BoxedExpression {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Controls the behavior when a compute error happens.
 ///
 /// - If set to `false`, `NULL` will be inserted.
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/value.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/value.rs
index 4535aa31bcdf4..6321de9d1556b 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/value.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/value.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use either::Either;
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::for_all_array_variants;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, Scalar};
+use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DatumRef, Scalar, ToDatumRef};
 
 /// The type-erased return value of an expression.
 ///
@@ -26,6 +26,25 @@ pub enum ValueImpl {
     Scalar { value: Datum, capacity: usize },
 }
 
+impl ValueImpl {
+    /// Number of scalars in this value.
+    #[inline]
+    #[expect(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.iter().len()
+    }
+
+    /// Iterates over all scalars in this value.
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> + '_ {
+        match self {
+            Self::Array(array) => Either::Left(array.iter()),
+            Self::Scalar { value, capacity } => {
+                Either::Right(itertools::repeat_n(value.to_datum_ref(), *capacity))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The generic reference type of [`ValueImpl`]. Used as the arguments of expressions.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ValueRef<'a, A: Array> {
@@ -37,13 +56,18 @@ pub enum ValueRef<'a, A: Array> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, A: Array> ValueRef<'a, A> {
+    /// Number of scalars in this value.
+    #[inline]
+    #[expect(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
+    pub fn len(self) -> usize {
+        self.iter().len()
+    }
+
     /// Iterates over all scalars in this value.
-    pub fn iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<A::RefItem<'a>>> + 'a {
+    pub fn iter(self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Option<A::RefItem<'a>>> + 'a {
         match self {
             Self::Array(array) => Either::Left(array.iter()),
-            Self::Scalar { value, capacity } => {
-                Either::Right(std::iter::repeat(value).take(capacity))
-            }
+            Self::Scalar { value, capacity } => Either::Right(itertools::repeat_n(value, capacity)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1e049ad481010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::expr::{Expression, ValueImpl};
+
+/// A wrapper of [`Expression`] that does extra checks after evaluation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Checked<E>(pub E);
+
+// TODO: avoid the overhead of extra boxing.
+#[async_trait]
+impl<E: Expression> Expression for Checked<E> {
+    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        self.0.return_type()
+    }
+
+    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
+        let res = self.0.eval(input).await?;
+        assert_eq!(res.len(), input.capacity());
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_v2(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ValueImpl> {
+        let res = self.0.eval_v2(input).await?;
+        assert_eq!(res.len(), input.capacity());
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
+        self.0.eval_row(input).await
+    }
+
+    fn eval_const(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
+        self.0.eval_const()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..111a5bdf0ceca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod checked;
+
+pub use checked::Checked;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index aab86bea250a6..0dc1d876c031a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
         // evaluate children expressions
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for c in &self.children {
-            let val = c.eval_checked(input).await?;
+            let val = c.eval(input).await?;
             columns.push(val);
         }
         let direct_input = DataChunk::new(columns, input.visibility().clone());

From 1b70059714d6e52cd50f6bed7be92fb1a09ec367 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 22:13:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 143/430] feat: use Map to represent json field when building
 doc in es sink (#12464)

---
 .../java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java | 40 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
index 7c1727f4a82f3..178c76edf3e40 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 
 package com.risingwave.connector;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.TableSchema;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.SinkRow;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.SinkWriterBase;
@@ -183,17 +187,35 @@ public void afterBulk(long executionId, BulkRequest request, Throwable failure)
      *
      * @param row
      * @return Map from Field name to Value
+     * @throws JsonProcessingException
+     * @throws JsonMappingException
      */
-    private Map<String, Object> buildDoc(SinkRow row) {
+    private Map<String, Object> buildDoc(SinkRow row)
+            throws JsonMappingException, JsonProcessingException {
         Map<String, Object> doc = new HashMap();
-        for (int i = 0; i < getTableSchema().getNumColumns(); i++) {
+        var tableSchema = getTableSchema();
+        var columnDescs = tableSchema.getColumnDescs();
+        for (int i = 0; i < row.size(); i++) {
+            var type = columnDescs.get(i).getDataType().getTypeName();
             Object col = row.get(i);
-            if (col instanceof Date) {
-                // es client doesn't natively support java.sql.Timestamp/Time/Date
-                // so we need to convert Date type into a string as suggested in
-                // https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/31377#issuecomment-398102292
-                col = col.toString();
+            switch (type) {
+                case DATE:
+                    // es client doesn't natively support java.sql.Timestamp/Time/Date
+                    // so we need to convert Date type into a string as suggested in
+                    // https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/31377#issuecomment-398102292
+                    col = col.toString();
+                    break;
+                case JSONB:
+                    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+                    col =
+                            mapper.readValue(
+                                    (String) col, new TypeReference<Map<String, Object>>() {});
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
             }
+            if (col instanceof Date) {}
+
             doc.put(getTableSchema().getColumnDesc(i).getName(), col);
         }
         return doc;
@@ -219,7 +241,7 @@ private String buildId(SinkRow row) {
         return id;
     }
 
-    private void processUpsert(SinkRow row) {
+    private void processUpsert(SinkRow row) throws JsonMappingException, JsonProcessingException {
         Map<String, Object> doc = buildDoc(row);
         final String key = buildId(row);
 
@@ -234,7 +256,7 @@ private void processDelete(SinkRow row) {
         bulkProcessor.add(deleteRequest);
     }
 
-    private void writeRow(SinkRow row) {
+    private void writeRow(SinkRow row) throws JsonMappingException, JsonProcessingException {
         switch (row.getOp()) {
             case INSERT:
             case UPDATE_INSERT:

From 9efa876899163ccd694f6ce454716a7f0967a455 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 04:48:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 144/430] chore(deps): Bump tokio-util from 0.7.8 to 0.7.9
 (#12466)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index cf9a9dcd9540b..c597d3b778d6f 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9390,9 +9390,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.8"
+version = "0.7.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "806fe8c2c87eccc8b3267cbae29ed3ab2d0bd37fca70ab622e46aaa9375ddb7d"
+checksum = "1d68074620f57a0b21594d9735eb2e98ab38b17f80d3fcb189fca266771ca60d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",

From 77d78f01f89bbab1ac014372dc8b6a5a7cebcca2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 13:40:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 145/430] feat(expr): add `_pg_expandarray` function (#12448)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/catalog/metabase.slt.part      | 24 +++++++++
 e2e_test/ddl/search_path.slt                  | 39 ++++++++++++++
 proto/buf.yaml                                |  1 +
 proto/expr.proto                              |  2 +
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 18 +++++--
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  4 +-
 src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs            |  1 +
 src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs | 51 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs      | 27 +++++++---
 9 files changed, 156 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/catalog/metabase.slt.part
 create mode 100644 src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/catalog/metabase.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/metabase.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0172930f6e5f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/metabase.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+query
+SELECT
+    NULL AS TABLE_CAT,
+    n.nspname AS TABLE_SCHEM,
+    ct.relname AS TABLE_NAME,
+    a.attname AS COLUMN_NAME,
+    (
+    information_schema._pg_expandarray(i.indkey)
+    ).n AS KEY_SEQ,
+    ci.relname AS PK_NAME,
+    information_schema._pg_expandarray(i.indkey) AS KEYS,
+    a.attnum AS A_ATTNUM
+FROM
+    pg_catalog.pg_class ct
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute a ON (ct.oid = a.attrelid)
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON (ct.relnamespace = n.oid)
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON (a.attrelid = i.indrelid)
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class ci ON (ci.oid = i.indexrelid)
+WHERE
+    true
+    AND n.nspname = 'public'
+    AND ct.relname = 'sentences'
+    AND i.indisprimary
+----
diff --git a/e2e_test/ddl/search_path.slt b/e2e_test/ddl/search_path.slt
index bbb927bdd8976..06db7f3f45c90 100644
--- a/e2e_test/ddl/search_path.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/ddl/search_path.slt
@@ -101,5 +101,44 @@ drop schema search_path_test1;
 statement ok
 drop schema search_path_test2;
 
+# Schema for functions https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12422
+
+query TI
+select * from information_schema._pg_expandarray(Array['a','b','c'])
+----
+a 1
+b 2
+c 3
+
+# FIXME: This should not be available since information_schema is not in the search path
+query TI
+select * from _pg_expandarray(Array['a','b','c'])
+----
+a 1
+b 2
+c 3
+
+
+statement ok
+set search_path to information_schema;
+
+query TI
+select * from _pg_expandarray(Array['a','b','c'])
+----
+a 1
+b 2
+c 3
+
+# built-in functions (pg_catalog) are always available
+query I
+select abs(1)
+----
+1
+
+query I
+select pg_catalog.abs(1)
+----
+1
+
 statement ok
 set search_path to "$user", public;
diff --git a/proto/buf.yaml b/proto/buf.yaml
index a2870930bb4ac..1aa31816ce0af 100644
--- a/proto/buf.yaml
+++ b/proto/buf.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ lint:
     # This proto is copied from https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/v1.15.0/doc/health-checking.md
     # It violates some lint rules, so we ignore it.
     - health.proto
+  allow_comment_ignores: true
   enum_zero_value_suffix: UNSPECIFIED
   except:
     - ENUM_VALUE_PREFIX # Enum variant doesn't have to prefix with enum name.
diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 7d24241850918..0c7290705f826 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -247,6 +247,8 @@ message TableFunction {
     REGEXP_MATCHES = 3;
     RANGE = 4;
     GENERATE_SUBSCRIPTS = 5;
+    // buf:lint:ignore ENUM_VALUE_UPPER_SNAKE_CASE
+    _PG_EXPANDARRAY = 6;
     // Jsonb functions
     JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS = 10;
     JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS_TEXT = 11;
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 29eac04665495..14510ff63588b 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -839,15 +839,26 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 .map(|i| quote! { self.return_type.as_struct().types().nth(#i).unwrap().clone() })
                 .collect()
         };
+        #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+        let optioned_outputs = user_fn
+            .core_return_type
+            .split(',')
+            .map(|t| t.contains("Option"))
+            // example: "(Option<&str>, i32)" => [true, false]
+            .zip(&outputs)
+            .map(|(optional, o)| match optional {
+                false => quote! { Some(#o.as_scalar_ref()) },
+                true => quote! { #o.map(|o| o.as_scalar_ref()) },
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
         let build_value_array = if return_types.len() == 1 {
             quote! { let [value_array] = value_arrays; }
         } else {
             quote! {
-                let bitmap = value_arrays[0].null_bitmap().clone();
                 let value_array = StructArray::new(
                     self.return_type.as_struct().clone(),
                     value_arrays.to_vec(),
-                    bitmap,
+                    Bitmap::ones(len),
                 ).into_ref();
             }
         };
@@ -938,11 +949,12 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                                 for output in #iter {
                                     index_builder.append(Some(i as i32));
                                     match #output {
-                                        Some((#(#outputs),*)) => { #(#builders.append(Some(#outputs.as_scalar_ref()));)* }
+                                        Some((#(#outputs),*)) => { #(#builders.append(#optioned_outputs);)* }
                                         None => { #(#builders.append_null();)* }
                                     }
 
                                     if index_builder.len() == self.chunk_size {
+                                        let len = index_builder.len();
                                         let index_array = std::mem::replace(&mut index_builder, I32ArrayBuilder::new(self.chunk_size)).finish().into_ref();
                                         let value_arrays = [#(std::mem::replace(&mut #builders, #builder_types::with_type(self.chunk_size, #return_types)).finish().into_ref()),*];
                                         #build_value_array
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index c6ebffdff660f..484f093ff8883 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -510,9 +510,9 @@ struct UserFunctionAttr {
     async_: bool,
     /// Whether contains argument `&Context`.
     context: bool,
-    /// The last argument type is `&mut dyn Write`.
+    /// Whether contains argument `&mut impl Write`.
     write: bool,
-    /// The last argument type is `retract: bool`.
+    /// Whether the last argument type is `retract: bool`.
     retract: bool,
     /// The argument type are `Option`s.
     arg_option: bool,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
index 245eebd7f3720..2f64f8449a23d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ mod empty;
 mod generate_series;
 mod generate_subscripts;
 mod jsonb;
+mod pg_expandarray;
 mod regexp_matches;
 mod repeat;
 mod unnest;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1e840002be3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{ListRef, ScalarRefImpl, StructType};
+use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+
+use super::*;
+
+/// Returns the input array as a set of rows with an index.
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// query II
+/// select * from _pg_expandarray(array[1,2,null]);
+/// ----
+/// 1    1
+/// 2    2
+/// NULL 3
+///
+/// query TI
+/// select * from _pg_expandarray(array['one', null, 'three']);
+/// ----
+/// one   1
+/// NULL  2
+/// three 3
+/// ```
+#[function(
+    "_pg_expandarray(list) -> setof struct<x any, n int32>",
+    type_infer = "infer_type"
+)]
+fn _pg_expandarray(array: ListRef<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>, i32)> {
+    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+    array.iter().zip(1..)
+}
+
+fn infer_type(args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
+    Ok(DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+        ("x", args[0].as_list().clone()),
+        ("n", DataType::Int32),
+    ])))
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 1146050e8dde4..904474fe0e5af 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use bk_tree::{metrics, BKTree};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{INFORMATION_SCHEMA_SCHEMA_NAME, PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::USER_NAME_WILD_CARD;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
@@ -59,12 +59,27 @@ impl Binder {
             [schema, name] => {
                 let schema_name = schema.real_value();
                 if schema_name == PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME {
+                    // pg_catalog is always effectively part of the search path, so we can always bind the function.
+                    // Ref: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-CATALOG
                     name.real_value()
+                } else if schema_name == INFORMATION_SCHEMA_SCHEMA_NAME {
+                    // definition of information_schema: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/e0b2eed047df9045664da6f724cb42c10f8b12f0/src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql
+                    //
+                    // FIXME: handle schema correctly, so that the functions are hidden if the schema is not in the search path.
+                    let function_name = name.real_value();
+                    if function_name != "_pg_expandarray" {
+                        return Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                            format!("Unsupported function name under schema: {}", schema_name),
+                            12422.into(),
+                        )
+                        .into());
+                    }
+                    function_name
                 } else {
-                    return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
-                        "Unsupported function name under schema: {}",
-                        schema_name
-                    ))
+                    return Err(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                        format!("Unsupported function name under schema: {}", schema_name),
+                        12422.into(),
+                    )
                     .into());
                 }
             }
@@ -138,7 +153,7 @@ impl Binder {
         }
 
         // user defined function
-        // TODO: resolve schema name
+        // TODO: resolve schema name https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12422
         if let Ok(schema) = self.first_valid_schema() &&
             let Some(func) = schema.get_function_by_name_args(
                 &function_name,

From 6b60ea9d52502c71295f99fc92e9aae0c38fc033 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 13:50:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 146/430] refactor(ctl): add meta restore tool to risectl
 (#12472)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 12 ------
 Cargo.toml                                    |  1 -
 ci/scripts/build.sh                           |  3 +-
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh                    |  5 ---
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |  9 +++++
 src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs        | 38 +++++++++----------
 src/storage/backup/cmd/Cargo.toml             | 38 -------------------
 .../backup/cmd/src/bin/backup_restore.rs      | 29 --------------
 src/storage/backup/cmd/src/lib.rs             | 13 -------
 .../backup/integration_tests/Makefile.toml    |  1 -
 .../backup/integration_tests/common.sh        |  6 ++-
 11 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/storage/backup/cmd/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 src/storage/backup/cmd/src/bin/backup_restore.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/storage/backup/cmd/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c597d3b778d6f..2422aee5f9131 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6520,18 +6520,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "twox-hash",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "risingwave_backup_cmd"
-version = "1.3.0-alpha"
-dependencies = [
- "clap",
- "madsim-tokio",
- "prometheus",
- "risingwave_backup",
- "risingwave_meta",
- "risingwave_rt",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_batch"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1898dafcbb3bc..fe6a516e2dada 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ members = [
   "src/sqlparser/test_runner",
   "src/storage",
   "src/storage/backup",
-  "src/storage/backup/cmd",
   "src/storage/compactor",
   "src/storage/hummock_sdk",
   "src/storage/hummock_test",
diff --git a/ci/scripts/build.sh b/ci/scripts/build.sh
index 1fdf5ae149872..d42ef9d78516e 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/build.sh
@@ -51,13 +51,12 @@ cargo build \
     -p risingwave_regress_test \
     -p risingwave_sqlsmith \
     -p risingwave_compaction_test \
-    -p risingwave_backup_cmd \
     -p risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test \
     $RISINGWAVE_FEATURE_FLAGS \
     --profile "$profile"
 
 
-artifacts=(risingwave sqlsmith compaction-test backup-restore risingwave_regress_test risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test risedev-dev delete-range-test)
+artifacts=(risingwave sqlsmith compaction-test risingwave_regress_test risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test risedev-dev delete-range-test)
 
 echo "--- Show link info"
 ldd target/"$profile"/risingwave
diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index a834bf92687f9..e88704ca7a22f 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -168,12 +168,7 @@ fi
 
 if [[ "$RUN_META_BACKUP" -eq "1" ]]; then
     echo "--- e2e, ci-meta-backup-test"
-    download-and-decompress-artifact backup-restore-"$profile" target/debug/
-    mv target/debug/backup-restore-"$profile" target/debug/backup-restore
-    chmod +x ./target/debug/backup-restore
-
     test_root="src/storage/backup/integration_tests"
-    BACKUP_TEST_BACKUP_RESTORE="target/debug/backup-restore" \
     BACKUP_TEST_MCLI=".risingwave/bin/mcli" \
     BACKUP_TEST_MCLI_CONFIG=".risingwave/config/mcli" \
     BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE="target/debug/risingwave" \
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index 7c6f72b6c5ab4..2708b933b42b5 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
 use cmd_impl::bench::BenchCommands;
 use cmd_impl::hummock::SstDumpArgs;
+use risingwave_meta::backup_restore::RestoreOpts;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::update_worker_node_schedulability_request::Schedulability;
 
 use crate::cmd_impl::hummock::{
@@ -419,6 +420,11 @@ enum MetaCommands {
     },
     /// backup meta by taking a meta snapshot
     BackupMeta,
+    /// restore meta by recovering from a meta snapshot
+    RestoreMeta {
+        #[command(flatten)]
+        opts: RestoreOpts,
+    },
     /// delete meta snapshots
     DeleteMetaSnapshots { snapshot_ids: Vec<u64> },
 
@@ -623,6 +629,9 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
                 .await?
         }
         Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::BackupMeta) => cmd_impl::meta::backup_meta(context).await?,
+        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::RestoreMeta { opts }) => {
+            risingwave_meta::backup_restore::restore(opts).await?
+        }
         Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::DeleteMetaSnapshots { snapshot_ids }) => {
             cmd_impl::meta::delete_meta_snapshots(context, &snapshot_ids).await?
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
index bac77639ba1c5..36e493686956d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use clap::Parser;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_backup::error::{BackupError, BackupResult};
 use risingwave_backup::meta_snapshot::MetaSnapshot;
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ use crate::model::{ClusterId, MetadataModel, TableFragments};
 use crate::storage::{MetaStore, DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY};
 
 /// Command-line arguments for restore.
-#[derive(Parser, Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(clap::Args, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RestoreOpts {
     /// Id of snapshot used to restore. Available snapshots can be found in
     /// <storage_directory>/manifest.json.
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct RestoreOpts {
     pub hummock_storage_url: String,
     /// Directory of storage to restore hummock version to.
     #[clap(long, default_value_t = String::from("hummock_001"))]
-    pub hummock_storage_dir: String,
+    pub hummock_storage_directory: String,
     /// Print the target snapshot, but won't restore to meta store.
     #[clap(long)]
     pub dry_run: bool,
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ pub struct RestoreOpts {
 
 async fn restore_hummock_version(
     hummock_storage_url: &str,
-    hummock_storage_dir: &str,
+    hummock_storage_directory: &str,
     hummock_version: &HummockVersion,
 ) -> BackupResult<()> {
     let object_store = Arc::new(
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ async fn restore_hummock_version(
         )
         .await,
     );
-    let checkpoint_path = version_checkpoint_path(hummock_storage_dir);
+    let checkpoint_path = version_checkpoint_path(hummock_storage_directory);
     let checkpoint = HummockVersionCheckpoint {
         version: Some(hummock_version.clone()),
         // Ignore stale objects. Full GC will clear them.
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@ async fn restore_impl(
     }
     restore_hummock_version(
         &opts.hummock_storage_url,
-        &opts.hummock_storage_dir,
+        &opts.hummock_storage_directory,
         &target_snapshot.metadata.hummock_version,
     )
     .await?;
@@ -288,10 +287,9 @@ pub async fn restore(opts: RestoreOpts) -> BackupResult<()> {
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-    use clap::Parser;
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use risingwave_backup::meta_snapshot::{ClusterMetadata, MetaSnapshot};
-    use risingwave_common::config::SystemConfig;
+    use risingwave_common::config::{MetaBackend, SystemConfig};
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
     use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 
@@ -304,17 +302,19 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::storage::{MetaStore, DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY};
 
     fn get_restore_opts() -> RestoreOpts {
-        RestoreOpts::parse_from([
-            "restore",
-            "--meta-snapshot-id",
-            "1",
-            "--meta-store-type",
-            "mem",
-            "--backup-storage-url",
-            "memory",
-            "--hummock-storage-url",
-            "memory",
-        ])
+        RestoreOpts {
+            meta_snapshot_id: 1,
+            meta_store_type: MetaBackend::Mem,
+            etcd_endpoints: "".to_string(),
+            etcd_auth: false,
+            etcd_username: "".to_string(),
+            etcd_password: "".to_string(),
+            backup_storage_url: "memory".to_string(),
+            backup_storage_directory: "".to_string(),
+            hummock_storage_url: "memory".to_string(),
+            hummock_storage_directory: "".to_string(),
+            dry_run: false,
+        }
     }
 
     fn get_system_params() -> SystemParams {
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/backup/cmd/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index e94b16685a620..0000000000000
--- a/src/storage/backup/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "risingwave_backup_cmd"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-homepage = { workspace = true }
-keywords = { workspace = true }
-license = { workspace = true }
-repository = { workspace = true }
-
-[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
-ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
-
-[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
-normal = ["workspace-hack"]
-
-[dependencies]
-clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
-prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
-risingwave_backup = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
-tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
-    "rt",
-    "rt-multi-thread",
-    "sync",
-    "macros",
-    "time",
-    "signal",
-    "fs",
-    "tracing",
-] }
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "backup-restore"
-path = "src/bin/backup_restore.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/bin/backup_restore.rs b/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/bin/backup_restore.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 39d664e2247ee..0000000000000
--- a/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/bin/backup_restore.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
-
-use risingwave_backup::error::BackupResult;
-
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
-fn main() -> BackupResult<()> {
-    use clap::Parser;
-    let opts = risingwave_meta::backup_restore::RestoreOpts::parse();
-    risingwave_rt::init_risingwave_logger(risingwave_rt::LoggerSettings::new("backup_restore"));
-    tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
-        .enable_all()
-        .build()
-        .unwrap()
-        .block_on(risingwave_meta::backup_restore::restore(opts))
-}
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b0b2c0a500fb9..0000000000000
--- a/src/storage/backup/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/Makefile.toml b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/Makefile.toml
index 3e648db66e95c..ad5b2810c9f17 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/Makefile.toml
+++ b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/Makefile.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ script = """
 set -e
 BUILD_BIN="$(pwd)/target/${RISEDEV_BUILD_TARGET_DIR}${BUILD_MODE_DIR}"
 test_root="src/storage/backup/integration_tests"
-BACKUP_TEST_BACKUP_RESTORE="${BUILD_BIN}/backup-restore" \
 BACKUP_TEST_MCLI="${PREFIX_BIN}/mcli" \
 BACKUP_TEST_MCLI_CONFIG="${PREFIX_CONFIG}/mcli" \
 BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE="${BUILD_BIN}/risingwave" \
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
index dcb240bfe604b..5ee314ba6482c 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
+++ b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -eo pipefail
-[ -n "${BACKUP_TEST_BACKUP_RESTORE}" ]
 [ -n "${BACKUP_TEST_MCLI}" ]
 [ -n "${BACKUP_TEST_MCLI_CONFIG}" ]
 [ -n "${BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE}" ]
@@ -70,7 +69,10 @@ function restore() {
   stop_cluster
   clean_etcd_data
   start_etcd_minio
-  ${BACKUP_TEST_BACKUP_RESTORE} \
+  ${BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE} \
+  risectl \
+  meta \
+  restore-meta \
   --meta-store-type etcd \
   --meta-snapshot-id "${job_id}" \
   --etcd-endpoints 127.0.0.1:2388 \

From 8136111a7dac6034759952a40a3b457833152d57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 14:16:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 147/430] feat(compaction):  optimize compaction read to reduce
 compression and decode (#10673)

Signed-off-by: Little-Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py |  18 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 proto/hummock.proto                           |   7 +
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |   6 +
 src/config/example.toml                       |   2 +
 src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs        |   9 +-
 src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key_range.rs      |   2 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       | 280 ++++++++-
 src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs       |   4 +-
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs |  91 ++-
 .../compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs        | 576 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/iterator.rs |   8 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs      |  91 +--
 .../src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs     |   7 +-
 .../src/hummock/iterator/forward_user.rs      |  26 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs      |  70 ++-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs    | 244 ++++++--
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/filter.rs     |   8 +
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs        |  59 +-
 .../src/hummock/sstable/multi_builder.rs      |  29 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/utils.rs      |  18 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/writer.rs     |   9 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/xor_filter.rs |  51 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs      | 105 ++--
 src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs         |  62 +-
 src/storage/src/monitor/compactor_metrics.rs  |   9 +-
 src/storage/src/opts.rs                       |   3 +
 29 files changed, 1498 insertions(+), 302 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index c22b0b044b88f..653cfebe23740 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index f0cacbe7116af..4958fe32b113c 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -308,17 +308,21 @@ def section_compaction(outer_panels):
                     "KBs read from next level during history compactions to next level",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('storage_level_compact_read_next')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job,instance) + sum(rate("
-                            f"{metric('storage_level_compact_read_curr')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job,instance)",
-                            "read - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('storage_level_compact_read_next')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job) + sum(rate("
+                            f"{metric('storage_level_compact_read_curr')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job)",
+                            "read - {{job}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('storage_level_compact_write')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job,instance)",
-                            "write - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('storage_level_compact_write')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job)",
+                            "write - {{job}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('compactor_write_build_l0_bytes')}[$__rate_interval]))by (job)",
+                            "flush - {{job}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum(rate({metric('compactor_write_build_l0_bytes')}[$__rate_interval]))by (job,instance)",
-                            "flush - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('compactor_fast_compact_bytes')}[$__rate_interval]))by (job)",
+                            "fast compact - {{job}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index c22b0b044b88f..653cfebe23740 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index a631bcf40ddab..e32fc66fe8d22 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ import "common.proto";
 option java_package = "com.risingwave.proto";
 option optimize_for = SPEED;
 
+enum BloomFilterType {
+  BLOOM_FILTER_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  SSTABLE = 1;
+  BLOCKED = 2;
+}
+
 message SstableInfo {
   uint64 object_id = 1;
   uint64 sst_id = 2;
@@ -21,6 +27,7 @@ message SstableInfo {
   uint64 max_epoch = 10;
   uint64 uncompressed_file_size = 11;
   uint64 range_tombstone_count = 12;
+  BloomFilterType bloom_filter_kind = 13;
 }
 
 enum LevelType {
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index d34d794b4062c..3b7bc027be870 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -563,6 +563,8 @@ pub struct StorageConfig {
     pub compact_iter_recreate_timeout_ms: u64,
     #[serde(default = "default::storage::compactor_max_sst_size")]
     pub compactor_max_sst_size: u64,
+    #[serde(default = "default::storage::enable_fast_compaction")]
+    pub enable_fast_compaction: bool,
     #[serde(default, flatten)]
     pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 }
@@ -1031,6 +1033,10 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn compactor_max_sst_size() -> u64 {
             512 * 1024 * 1024 // 512m
         }
+
+        pub fn enable_fast_compaction() -> bool {
+            true
+        }
     }
 
     pub mod streaming {
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index 6e735dee19e04..c7eafaaea0da5 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ object_store_req_retry_max_attempts = 8
 compactor_max_sst_key_count = 2097152
 compact_iter_recreate_timeout_ms = 600000
 compactor_max_sst_size = 536870912
+enable_fast_compaction = true
+
 
 [storage.data_file_cache]
 dir = ""
diff --git a/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs b/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
index c709c508acc3b..df455cf1000ee 100644
--- a/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
+++ b/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
@@ -112,11 +112,7 @@ async fn build_table(
         let end = start + 8;
         full_key.user_key.table_key[table_key_len - 8..].copy_from_slice(&i.to_be_bytes());
         builder
-            .add_for_test(
-                full_key.to_ref(),
-                HummockValue::put(&value[start..end]),
-                true,
-            )
+            .add_for_test(full_key.to_ref(), HummockValue::put(&value[start..end]))
             .await
             .unwrap();
     }
@@ -193,10 +189,9 @@ async fn compact<I: HummockIterator<Direction = Forward>>(iter: I, sstable_store
         watermark: 0,
         stats_target_table_ids: None,
         task_type: compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic,
-        is_target_l0_or_lbase: false,
-        split_by_table: false,
         split_weight_by_vnode: 0,
         use_block_based_filter: true,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
     compact_and_build_sst(
         &mut builder,
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key_range.rs b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key_range.rs
index d54728b329b77..ff1c6b9960d60 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key_range.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/key_range.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use super::key_cmp::KeyComparator;
 use crate::key::{FullKey, UserKey};
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct KeyRange {
     pub left: Bytes,
     pub right: Bytes,
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index dc432b468a0f3..3487edd3a2a06 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -15,22 +15,24 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) mod tests {
 
-    use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
+    use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, VecDeque};
     use std::ops::Bound;
     use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32;
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
     use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
     use itertools::Itertools;
-    use rand::Rng;
+    use rand::{Rng, RngCore, SeedableRng};
     use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
     use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
     use risingwave_common::constants::hummock::CompactionFilterFlag;
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
     use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::NotificationClient;
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::can_concat;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockVersionExt;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
-    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TableKey, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, FullKey, TableKey, TABLE_PREFIX_LEN};
+    use risingwave_hummock_sdk::prost_key_range::KeyRangeExt;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::to_prost_table_stats_map;
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::{default_level_selector, ManualCompactionOption};
@@ -40,19 +42,27 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     };
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, MockHummockMetaClient};
     use risingwave_pb::common::{HostAddress, WorkerType};
-    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{HummockVersion, TableOption};
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactTask, HummockVersion, InputLevel, KeyRange, TableOption};
     use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property;
     use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
     use risingwave_storage::filter_key_extractor::{
         FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager, FilterKeyExtractorManagerRef,
         FixedLengthFilterKeyExtractor, FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor,
     };
-    use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::compact;
-    use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::{CompactionExecutor, CompactorContext};
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::{compact, CompactorRunner};
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::fast_compactor_runner::CompactorRunner as FastCompactorRunner;
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::{
+        CompactionExecutor, CompactorContext, DummyCompactionFilter, TaskProgress,
+    };
     use risingwave_storage::hummock::iterator::test_utils::mock_sstable_store;
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::iterator::{ConcatIterator, UserIterator};
     use risingwave_storage::hummock::sstable_store::SstableStoreRef;
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::test_utils::gen_test_sstable_info;
+    use risingwave_storage::hummock::value::HummockValue;
     use risingwave_storage::hummock::{
-        CachePolicy, HummockStorage as GlobalHummockStorage, HummockStorage, MemoryLimiter,
+        CachePolicy, CompactionDeleteRanges, CompressionAlgorithm,
+        HummockStorage as GlobalHummockStorage, HummockStorage, MemoryLimiter,
+        SharedComapctorObjectIdManager, Sstable, SstableBuilderOptions, SstableIteratorReadOptions,
         SstableObjectIdManager,
     };
     use risingwave_storage::monitor::{CompactorMetrics, StoreLocalStatistic};
@@ -1317,4 +1327,260 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert_eq!(1, output_level_info.table_infos.len());
         assert_eq!(252, output_level_info.table_infos[0].total_key_count);
     }
+
+    type KeyValue = (FullKey<Vec<u8>>, HummockValue<Vec<u8>>);
+
+    async fn test_fast_compact_impl(
+        data1: Vec<KeyValue>,
+        data2: Vec<KeyValue>,
+        data3: Vec<KeyValue>,
+        data4: Vec<KeyValue>,
+    ) {
+        let (env, hummock_manager_ref, _cluster_manager_ref, worker_node) =
+            setup_compute_env(8080).await;
+        let hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient> = Arc::new(MockHummockMetaClient::new(
+            hummock_manager_ref.clone(),
+            worker_node.id,
+        ));
+        let existing_table_id: u32 = 1;
+        let storage = get_hummock_storage(
+            hummock_meta_client.clone(),
+            get_notification_client_for_test(env, hummock_manager_ref.clone(), worker_node.clone()),
+            &hummock_manager_ref,
+            TableId::from(existing_table_id),
+        )
+        .await;
+        hummock_manager_ref.get_new_sst_ids(10).await.unwrap();
+        let compact_ctx = prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
+
+        let sstable_store = compact_ctx.sstable_store.clone();
+        let capacity = 256 * 1024;
+        let mut options = SstableBuilderOptions {
+            capacity,
+            block_capacity: 2048,
+            restart_interval: 16,
+            bloom_false_positive: 0.1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let sst1 = gen_test_sstable_info(options.clone(), 1, data1, sstable_store.clone()).await;
+        let sst2 = gen_test_sstable_info(options.clone(), 2, data2, sstable_store.clone()).await;
+        options.compression_algorithm = CompressionAlgorithm::Lz4;
+        let sst3 = gen_test_sstable_info(options.clone(), 3, data3, sstable_store.clone()).await;
+        let sst4 = gen_test_sstable_info(options, 4, data4, sstable_store.clone()).await;
+        let read_options = Arc::new(SstableIteratorReadOptions::default());
+
+        let task = CompactTask {
+            input_ssts: vec![
+                InputLevel {
+                    level_idx: 5,
+                    level_type: 1,
+                    table_infos: vec![sst1, sst2],
+                },
+                InputLevel {
+                    level_idx: 6,
+                    level_type: 1,
+                    table_infos: vec![sst3, sst4],
+                },
+            ],
+            existing_table_ids: vec![1],
+            task_id: 1,
+            watermark: 1000,
+            splits: vec![KeyRange::inf()],
+            target_level: 6,
+            base_level: 4,
+            target_file_size: capacity as u64,
+            compression_algorithm: 1,
+            gc_delete_keys: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let deg = Arc::new(CompactionDeleteRanges::default());
+        let multi_filter_key_extractor =
+            Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::FullKey(FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor));
+        let compaction_filter = DummyCompactionFilter {};
+        let slow_compact_runner = CompactorRunner::new(
+            0,
+            compact_ctx.clone(),
+            task.clone(),
+            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(VecDeque::from_iter([
+                5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
+            ]))),
+        );
+        let fast_compact_runner = FastCompactorRunner::new(
+            compact_ctx.clone(),
+            task.clone(),
+            multi_filter_key_extractor.clone(),
+            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(VecDeque::from_iter([
+                10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
+            ]))),
+            Arc::new(TaskProgress::default()),
+        );
+        let (_, ret1, _) = slow_compact_runner
+            .run(
+                compaction_filter,
+                multi_filter_key_extractor,
+                deg,
+                Arc::new(TaskProgress::default()),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let ret = ret1.into_iter().map(|sst| sst.sst_info).collect_vec();
+        let fast_ret = fast_compact_runner
+            .run()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|sst| sst.sst_info)
+            .collect_vec();
+        println!("ssts: {} vs {}", fast_ret.len(), ret.len());
+        let mut fast_tables = Vec::with_capacity(fast_ret.len());
+        let mut normal_tables = Vec::with_capacity(ret.len());
+        let mut stats = StoreLocalStatistic::default();
+        for sst_info in &fast_ret {
+            fast_tables.push(
+                compact_ctx
+                    .sstable_store
+                    .sstable(sst_info, &mut stats)
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        for sst_info in &ret {
+            normal_tables.push(
+                compact_ctx
+                    .sstable_store
+                    .sstable(sst_info, &mut stats)
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap(),
+            );
+        }
+        println!(
+            "fast sstables {}.file size={}",
+            fast_ret[0].object_id, fast_ret[0].file_size,
+        );
+        assert!(can_concat(&ret));
+        assert!(can_concat(&fast_ret));
+
+        let mut normal_iter = UserIterator::for_test(
+            ConcatIterator::new(ret, compact_ctx.sstable_store.clone(), read_options.clone()),
+            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded),
+        );
+        let mut fast_iter = UserIterator::for_test(
+            ConcatIterator::new(
+                fast_ret,
+                compact_ctx.sstable_store.clone(),
+                read_options.clone(),
+            ),
+            (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded),
+        );
+
+        normal_iter.rewind().await.unwrap();
+        fast_iter.rewind().await.unwrap();
+        let mut count = 0;
+        while normal_iter.is_valid() {
+            assert_eq!(
+                normal_iter.key(),
+                fast_iter.key(),
+                "not equal in {}, len: {} {} vs {}",
+                count,
+                normal_iter.key().user_key.table_key.as_ref().len(),
+                u64::from_be_bytes(
+                    normal_iter.key().user_key.table_key.as_ref()[0..8]
+                        .try_into()
+                        .unwrap()
+                ),
+                u64::from_be_bytes(
+                    fast_iter.key().user_key.table_key.as_ref()[0..8]
+                        .try_into()
+                        .unwrap()
+                ),
+            );
+            let hash = Sstable::hash_for_bloom_filter(
+                fast_iter.key().user_key.encode().as_slice(),
+                fast_iter.key().user_key.table_id.table_id,
+            );
+            assert_eq!(normal_iter.value(), fast_iter.value());
+            let key_ref = fast_iter.key().user_key.as_ref();
+            assert!(normal_tables.iter().any(|table| {
+                table
+                    .value()
+                    .may_match_hash(&(Bound::Included(key_ref), Bound::Included(key_ref)), hash)
+            }));
+            assert!(fast_tables.iter().any(|table| {
+                table
+                    .value()
+                    .may_match_hash(&(Bound::Included(key_ref), Bound::Included(key_ref)), hash)
+            }));
+            normal_iter.next().await.unwrap();
+            fast_iter.next().await.unwrap();
+            count += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_fast_compact() {
+        const KEY_COUNT: usize = 20000;
+        let mut last_k: u64 = 0;
+        let mut rng = rand::rngs::StdRng::seed_from_u64(
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_secs(),
+        );
+        let mut data1 = Vec::with_capacity(KEY_COUNT / 2);
+        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(KEY_COUNT);
+        let mut last_epoch = 400;
+        for _ in 0..KEY_COUNT {
+            let rand_v = rng.next_u32() % 100;
+            let (k, epoch) = if rand_v == 0 {
+                (last_k + 3000, 400)
+            } else if rand_v < 5 {
+                (last_k, last_epoch - 1)
+            } else {
+                (last_k + 1, 400)
+            };
+            let key = k.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+            let key = FullKey::new(TableId::new(1), TableKey(key), epoch);
+            let rand_v = rng.next_u32() % 10;
+            let v = if rand_v == 1 {
+                HummockValue::delete()
+            } else {
+                HummockValue::put(format!("sst1-{}", epoch).into_bytes())
+            };
+            if last_k != k && data1.is_empty() && data.len() >= KEY_COUNT / 2 {
+                std::mem::swap(&mut data, &mut data1);
+            }
+            data.push((key, v));
+            last_k = k;
+            last_epoch = epoch;
+        }
+        let data2 = data;
+        let mut data3 = Vec::with_capacity(KEY_COUNT);
+        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(KEY_COUNT);
+        let mut last_k: u64 = 0;
+        let max_epoch = std::cmp::min(300, last_epoch - 1);
+        last_epoch = max_epoch;
+
+        for _ in 0..KEY_COUNT * 2 {
+            let rand_v = rng.next_u32() % 100;
+            let (k, epoch) = if rand_v == 0 {
+                (last_k + 1000, max_epoch)
+            } else if rand_v < 5 {
+                (last_k, last_epoch - 1)
+            } else {
+                (last_k + 1, max_epoch)
+            };
+            let key = k.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+            let key = FullKey::new(TableId::new(1), TableKey(key), epoch);
+            let v = HummockValue::put(format!("sst2-{}", epoch).into_bytes());
+            if last_k != k && data3.is_empty() && data.len() >= KEY_COUNT {
+                std::mem::swap(&mut data, &mut data3);
+            }
+            data.push((key, v));
+            last_k = k;
+            last_epoch = epoch;
+        }
+        let data4 = data;
+        test_fast_compact_impl(data1, data2, data3, data4).await;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
index d861c8256d961..c3b65bc26992d 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ for_all_filter_key_extractor_variants! { impl_filter_key_extractor }
 pub struct FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor;
 
 impl FilterKeyExtractor for FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor {
-    fn extract<'a>(&self, full_key: &'a [u8]) -> &'a [u8] {
-        full_key
+    fn extract<'a>(&self, user_key: &'a [u8]) -> &'a [u8] {
+        user_key
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
index b1fd6b5411643..245673f7656a8 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl CompactionStatistics {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct TaskConfig {
     pub key_range: KeyRange,
     pub cache_policy: CachePolicy,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index be13e32893d64..85bfb7235b1c9 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, PointRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key_range::{KeyRange, KeyRangeCommon};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::{add_table_stats_map, TableStats, TableStatsMap};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{can_concat, HummockEpoch};
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::TaskStatus;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactTask, LevelType, SstableInfo};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{TaskStatus, TaskType};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{BloomFilterType, CompactTask, LevelType, SstableInfo};
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver;
 
 use super::task_progress::TaskProgress;
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ use crate::hummock::compactor::compaction_utils::{
 };
 use crate::hummock::compactor::iterator::ConcatSstableIterator;
 use crate::hummock::compactor::task_progress::TaskProgressGuard;
-use crate::hummock::compactor::{CompactOutput, CompactionFilter, Compactor, CompactorContext};
+use crate::hummock::compactor::{
+    fast_compactor_runner, CompactOutput, CompactionFilter, Compactor, CompactorContext,
+};
 use crate::hummock::iterator::{Forward, HummockIterator, UnorderedMergeIteratorInner};
 use crate::hummock::multi_builder::{CapacitySplitTableBuilder, TableBuilderFactory};
 use crate::hummock::sstable::CompactionDeleteRangesBuilder;
@@ -305,6 +307,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
         .collect_vec();
     compact_table_ids.sort();
     compact_table_ids.dedup();
+    let single_table = compact_table_ids.len() == 1;
 
     let existing_table_ids: HashSet<u32> =
         HashSet::from_iter(compact_task.existing_table_ids.clone());
@@ -340,7 +343,15 @@ pub async fn compact(
     }
 
     let multi_filter_key_extractor = Arc::new(multi_filter_key_extractor);
-
+    let has_tombstone = compact_task
+        .input_ssts
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|level| level.table_infos.iter())
+        .any(|sst| sst.range_tombstone_count > 0);
+    let has_ttl = compact_task
+        .table_options
+        .iter()
+        .any(|(_, table_option)| table_option.retention_seconds > 0);
     let mut task_status = TaskStatus::Success;
     // skip sst related to non-existent able_id to reduce io
     let sstable_infos = compact_task
@@ -359,20 +370,31 @@ pub async fn compact(
         .iter()
         .map(|table_info| table_info.file_size)
         .sum::<u64>();
-    match generate_splits(&sstable_infos, compaction_size, context.clone()).await {
-        Ok(splits) => {
-            if !splits.is_empty() {
-                compact_task.splits = splits;
+    let all_ssts_are_blocked_filter = sstable_infos
+        .iter()
+        .all(|table_info| table_info.bloom_filter_kind() == BloomFilterType::Blocked);
+    let optimize_by_copy_block = context.storage_opts.enable_fast_compaction
+        && all_ssts_are_blocked_filter
+        && !has_tombstone
+        && !has_ttl
+        && single_table
+        && compact_task.target_level > 0
+        && compact_task.input_ssts.len() == 2
+        && compact_task.task_type() == TaskType::Dynamic;
+    if !optimize_by_copy_block {
+        match generate_splits(&sstable_infos, compaction_size, context.clone()).await {
+            Ok(splits) => {
+                if !splits.is_empty() {
+                    compact_task.splits = splits;
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("Failed to generate_splits {:#?}", e);
+                task_status = TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed;
+                return compact_done(compact_task, context.clone(), vec![], task_status);
             }
-        }
-
-        Err(e) => {
-            tracing::warn!("Failed to generate_splits {:#?}", e);
-            task_status = TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed;
-            return compact_done(compact_task, context.clone(), vec![], task_status);
         }
     }
-
     let compact_task_statistics = statistics_compact_task(&compact_task);
     // Number of splits (key ranges) is equal to number of compaction tasks
     let parallelism = compact_task.splits.len();
@@ -411,7 +433,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
     ) * compact_task.splits.len() as u64;
 
     tracing::info!(
-            "Ready to handle compaction group {} task: {} compact_task_statistics {:?} target_level {} compression_algorithm {:?} table_ids {:?} parallelism {} task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism {}",
+            "Ready to handle compaction group {} task: {} compact_task_statistics {:?} target_level {} compression_algorithm {:?} table_ids {:?} parallelism {} task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism {}, enable fast runner: {}",
                 compact_task.compaction_group_id,
                 compact_task.task_id,
                 compact_task_statistics,
@@ -419,7 +441,8 @@ pub async fn compact(
                 compact_task.compression_algorithm,
                 compact_task.existing_table_ids,
                 parallelism,
-                task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism
+                task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism,
+                optimize_by_copy_block
             );
 
     // If the task does not have enough memory, it should cancel the task and let the meta
@@ -440,6 +463,40 @@ pub async fn compact(
     }
 
     context.compactor_metrics.compact_task_pending_num.inc();
+    if optimize_by_copy_block {
+        let runner = fast_compactor_runner::CompactorRunner::new(
+            context.clone(),
+            compact_task.clone(),
+            multi_filter_key_extractor.clone(),
+            object_id_getter.clone(),
+            task_progress_guard.progress.clone(),
+        );
+        match runner.run().await {
+            Ok(ssts) => {
+                output_ssts.push((0, ssts, CompactionStatistics::default()));
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                task_status = TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed;
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "Compaction task {} failed with error: {:#?}",
+                    compact_task.task_id,
+                    e
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        context.compactor_metrics.compact_task_pending_num.dec();
+        // After a compaction is done, mutate the compaction task.
+        let (compact_task, table_stats) =
+            compact_done(compact_task, context.clone(), output_ssts, task_status);
+        let cost_time = timer.stop_and_record() * 1000.0;
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Finished compaction task in {:?}ms: {}",
+            cost_time,
+            compact_task_to_string(&compact_task)
+        );
+        return (compact_task, table_stats);
+    }
     for (split_index, _) in compact_task.splits.iter().enumerate() {
         let filter = multi_filter.clone();
         let multi_filter_key_extractor = multi_filter_key_extractor.clone();
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..787b12bde9c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
+use std::sync::{atomic, Arc};
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::FullKey;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key_range::KeyRange;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{can_concat, HummockEpoch, LocalSstableInfo};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactTask, SstableInfo};
+
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorImpl;
+use crate::hummock::compactor::task_progress::TaskProgress;
+use crate::hummock::compactor::{Compactor, CompactorContext, RemoteBuilderFactory, TaskConfig};
+use crate::hummock::multi_builder::{CapacitySplitTableBuilder, TableBuilderFactory};
+use crate::hummock::sstable_store::{BlockStream, SstableStoreRef};
+use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
+use crate::hummock::{
+    Block, BlockBuilder, BlockHolder, BlockIterator, BlockMeta, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder,
+    CachePolicy, CompressionAlgorithm, GetObjectId, HummockResult, SstableBuilderOptions,
+    StreamingSstableWriterFactory, TableHolder,
+};
+use crate::monitor::{CompactorMetrics, StoreLocalStatistic};
+
+/// Iterates over the KV-pairs of an SST while downloading it.
+pub struct BlockStreamIterator {
+    /// The downloading stream.
+    block_stream: BlockStream,
+
+    next_block_index: usize,
+
+    /// For key sanity check of divided SST and debugging
+    sstable: TableHolder,
+    iter: Option<BlockIterator>,
+    task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+}
+
+impl BlockStreamIterator {
+    // We have to handle two internal iterators.
+    //   `block_stream`: iterates over the blocks of the table.
+    //     `block_iter`: iterates over the KV-pairs of the current block.
+    // These iterators work in different ways.
+
+    // BlockIterator works as follows: After new(), we call seek(). That brings us
+    // to the first element. Calling next() then brings us to the second element and does not
+    // return anything.
+
+    // BlockStream follows a different approach. After new(), we do not seek, instead next()
+    // returns the first value.
+
+    /// Initialises a new [`BlockStreamIterator`] which iterates over the given [`BlockStream`].
+    /// The iterator reads at most `max_block_count` from the stream.
+    pub fn new(
+        sstable: TableHolder,
+        block_stream: BlockStream,
+        task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            block_stream,
+            next_block_index: 0,
+            sstable,
+            iter: None,
+            task_progress,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Wrapper function for `self.block_stream.next()` which allows us to measure the time needed.
+    async fn download_next_block(&mut self) -> HummockResult<Option<(Bytes, Vec<u8>, BlockMeta)>> {
+        let (data, meta) = match self.block_stream.next().await? {
+            None => return Ok(None),
+            Some(ret) => ret,
+        };
+        let filter_block = self
+            .sstable
+            .value()
+            .filter_reader
+            .get_block_raw_filter(self.next_block_index);
+        self.next_block_index += 1;
+        Ok(Some((data, filter_block, meta)))
+    }
+
+    fn init_block_iter(&mut self, buf: Bytes, uncompressed_capacity: usize) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        let block = Block::decode(buf, uncompressed_capacity)?;
+        let mut iter = BlockIterator::new(BlockHolder::from_owned_block(Box::new(block)));
+        iter.seek_to_first();
+        self.iter = Some(iter);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn next_block_smallest(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas[self.next_block_index]
+            .smallest_key
+            .as_ref()
+    }
+
+    fn next_block_largest(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        if self.next_block_index + 1 < self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas.len() {
+            self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas[self.next_block_index + 1]
+                .smallest_key
+                .as_ref()
+        } else {
+            self.sstable.value().meta.largest_key.as_ref()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn current_block_largest(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        if self.next_block_index < self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas.len() {
+            let mut largest_key = FullKey::decode(
+                self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas[self.next_block_index]
+                    .smallest_key
+                    .as_ref(),
+            );
+            // do not include this key because it is the smallest key of next block.
+            largest_key.epoch = HummockEpoch::MAX;
+            largest_key.encode()
+        } else {
+            self.sstable.value().meta.largest_key.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn key(&self) -> FullKey<&[u8]> {
+        match self.iter.as_ref() {
+            Some(iter) => iter.key(),
+            None => FullKey::decode(
+                self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas[self.next_block_index]
+                    .smallest_key
+                    .as_ref(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+        self.iter.is_some() || self.next_block_index < self.sstable.value().meta.block_metas.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for BlockStreamIterator {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.task_progress
+            .num_pending_read_io
+            .fetch_sub(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Iterates over the KV-pairs of a given list of SSTs. The key-ranges of these SSTs are assumed to
+/// be consecutive and non-overlapping.
+pub struct ConcatSstableIterator {
+    /// The iterator of the current table.
+    sstable_iter: Option<BlockStreamIterator>,
+
+    /// Current table index.
+    cur_idx: usize,
+
+    /// All non-overlapping tables.
+    sstables: Vec<SstableInfo>,
+
+    sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
+
+    stats: StoreLocalStatistic,
+    task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+}
+
+impl ConcatSstableIterator {
+    /// Caller should make sure that `tables` are non-overlapping,
+    /// arranged in ascending order when it serves as a forward iterator,
+    /// and arranged in descending order when it serves as a backward iterator.
+    pub fn new(
+        sst_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>,
+        sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
+        task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sstable_iter: None,
+            cur_idx: 0,
+            sstables: sst_infos,
+            sstable_store,
+            task_progress,
+            stats: StoreLocalStatistic::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn rewind(&mut self) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.seek_idx(0).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn next_sstable(&mut self) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.seek_idx(self.cur_idx + 1).await
+    }
+
+    pub fn current_sstable(&mut self) -> &mut BlockStreamIterator {
+        self.sstable_iter.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn estimate_key_count(&self, uncompressed_block_size: u64) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let total_size = self.sstables[self.cur_idx].uncompressed_file_size;
+        if total_size == 0 {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+        // use ratio to avoid multiply overflow
+        let ratio = uncompressed_block_size * 10000 / total_size;
+        (
+            self.sstables[self.cur_idx].stale_key_count * ratio / 10000,
+            self.sstables[self.cur_idx].total_key_count * ratio / 10000,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub async fn init_block_iter(&mut self) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        if let Some(sstable) = self.sstable_iter.as_mut() {
+            if sstable.iter.is_some() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            let (buf, _, meta) = sstable.download_next_block().await?.unwrap();
+            sstable.init_block_iter(buf, meta.uncompressed_size as usize)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+        self.cur_idx < self.sstables.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the iterator, loads the specified SST, and seeks in that SST to `seek_key` if given.
+    async fn seek_idx(&mut self, idx: usize) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.sstable_iter.take();
+        self.cur_idx = idx;
+        if self.cur_idx < self.sstables.len() {
+            let sstable_info = &self.sstables[self.cur_idx];
+            let sstable = self
+                .sstable_store
+                .sstable(sstable_info, &mut self.stats)
+                .verbose_instrument_await("stream_iter_sstable")
+                .await?;
+            let stats_ptr = self.stats.remote_io_time.clone();
+            let now = Instant::now();
+            self.task_progress
+                .num_pending_read_io
+                .fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let block_stream = self
+                .sstable_store
+                .get_stream_by_position(sstable.value().id, 0, &sstable.value().meta.block_metas)
+                .verbose_instrument_await("stream_iter_get_stream")
+                .await?;
+
+            // Determine time needed to open stream.
+            let add = (now.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).ceil();
+            stats_ptr.fetch_add(add as u64, atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+            let sstable_iter =
+                BlockStreamIterator::new(sstable, block_stream, self.task_progress.clone());
+            self.sstable_iter = Some(sstable_iter);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CompactorRunner {
+    left: Box<ConcatSstableIterator>,
+    right: Box<ConcatSstableIterator>,
+    task_id: u64,
+    executor: CompactTaskExecutor<
+        RemoteBuilderFactory<StreamingSstableWriterFactory, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder>,
+    >,
+    compression_algorithm: CompressionAlgorithm,
+    metrics: Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
+    task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+}
+
+impl CompactorRunner {
+    pub fn new(
+        context: CompactorContext,
+        task: CompactTask,
+        filter_key_extractor: Arc<FilterKeyExtractorImpl>,
+        object_id_getter: Box<dyn GetObjectId>,
+        task_progress: Arc<TaskProgress>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut options: SstableBuilderOptions = context.storage_opts.as_ref().into();
+        let compression_algorithm: CompressionAlgorithm = task.compression_algorithm.into();
+        options.compression_algorithm = compression_algorithm;
+        options.capacity = task.target_file_size as usize;
+        let get_id_time = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0));
+
+        let key_range = KeyRange::inf();
+
+        let task_config = TaskConfig {
+            key_range,
+            cache_policy: CachePolicy::NotFill,
+            gc_delete_keys: task.gc_delete_keys,
+            watermark: task.watermark,
+            stats_target_table_ids: Some(HashSet::from_iter(task.existing_table_ids.clone())),
+            task_type: task.task_type(),
+            is_target_l0_or_lbase: task.target_level == 0 || task.target_level == task.base_level,
+            split_by_table: task.split_by_state_table,
+            split_weight_by_vnode: task.split_weight_by_vnode,
+            use_block_based_filter: true,
+        };
+        let factory = StreamingSstableWriterFactory::new(context.sstable_store.clone());
+        let builder_factory = RemoteBuilderFactory::<_, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder> {
+            object_id_getter,
+            limiter: context.memory_limiter.clone(),
+            options,
+            policy: task_config.cache_policy,
+            remote_rpc_cost: get_id_time,
+            filter_key_extractor,
+            sstable_writer_factory: factory,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        };
+        let sst_builder = CapacitySplitTableBuilder::new(
+            builder_factory,
+            context.compactor_metrics.clone(),
+            Some(task_progress.clone()),
+            task_config.is_target_l0_or_lbase,
+            task_config.split_by_table,
+            task_config.split_weight_by_vnode,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(task.input_ssts.len(), 2);
+        let left = Box::new(ConcatSstableIterator::new(
+            task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.clone(),
+            context.sstable_store.clone(),
+            task_progress.clone(),
+        ));
+        let right = Box::new(ConcatSstableIterator::new(
+            task.input_ssts[1].table_infos.clone(),
+            context.sstable_store,
+            task_progress.clone(),
+        ));
+
+        Self {
+            executor: CompactTaskExecutor::new(sst_builder, task_config),
+            left,
+            right,
+            task_id: task.task_id,
+            metrics: context.compactor_metrics.clone(),
+            compression_algorithm,
+            task_progress,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn run(mut self) -> HummockResult<Vec<LocalSstableInfo>> {
+        self.left.rewind().await?;
+        self.right.rewind().await?;
+        let mut skip_raw_block_count = 0;
+        let mut skip_raw_block_size = 0;
+        while self.left.is_valid() && self.right.is_valid() {
+            let ret = self
+                .left
+                .current_sstable()
+                .key()
+                .cmp(&self.right.current_sstable().key());
+            let (first, second) = if ret == Ordering::Less {
+                (&mut self.left, &mut self.right)
+            } else {
+                (&mut self.right, &mut self.left)
+            };
+            assert!(ret != Ordering::Equal);
+            if first.current_sstable().iter.is_none() {
+                let right_key = second.current_sstable().key();
+                while first.current_sstable().is_valid() {
+                    let full_key = FullKey::decode(first.current_sstable().next_block_largest());
+                    // the full key may be either Excluded key or Included key, so we do not allow
+                    // they equals.
+                    if full_key.user_key.ge(&right_key.user_key) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let smallest_key =
+                        FullKey::decode(first.current_sstable().next_block_smallest());
+                    if self
+                        .executor
+                        .last_key
+                        .user_key
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .eq(&smallest_key.user_key)
+                    {
+                        // If the last key is delete tombstone, we can not append the origin block
+                        // because it would cause a deleted key could be see by user again.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let smallest_key = smallest_key.to_vec();
+
+                    let (mut block, filter_data, mut meta) = first
+                        .current_sstable()
+                        .download_next_block()
+                        .await?
+                        .unwrap();
+                    let algorithm = Block::get_algorithm(&block)?;
+                    if algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm::None
+                        && algorithm != self.compression_algorithm
+                    {
+                        block = BlockBuilder::compress_block(block, self.compression_algorithm)?;
+                        meta.len = block.len() as u32;
+                    }
+
+                    let largest_key = first.current_sstable().current_block_largest();
+                    let block_len = block.len() as u64;
+
+                    if self
+                        .executor
+                        .builder
+                        .add_raw_block(block, filter_data, smallest_key, largest_key, meta)
+                        .await?
+                    {
+                        skip_raw_block_size += block_len;
+                        skip_raw_block_count += 1;
+                    }
+                    self.executor.clear();
+                }
+                if !first.current_sstable().is_valid() {
+                    first.next_sstable().await?;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                first.init_block_iter().await?;
+            }
+
+            let target_key = second.current_sstable().key();
+            let iter = first.sstable_iter.as_mut().unwrap().iter.as_mut().unwrap();
+            self.executor.run(iter, target_key).await?;
+            if !iter.is_valid() {
+                first.sstable_iter.as_mut().unwrap().iter.take();
+                if !first.current_sstable().is_valid() {
+                    first.next_sstable().await?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let rest_data = if !self.left.is_valid() {
+            &mut self.right
+        } else {
+            &mut self.left
+        };
+        if rest_data.is_valid() {
+            // compact rest keys of the current block.
+            let sstable_iter = rest_data.sstable_iter.as_mut().unwrap();
+            let target_key = FullKey::decode(&sstable_iter.sstable.value().meta.largest_key);
+            if let Some(iter) = sstable_iter.iter.as_mut() {
+                self.executor.run(iter, target_key).await?;
+                assert!(!iter.is_valid());
+            }
+            sstable_iter.iter.take();
+        }
+
+        while rest_data.is_valid() {
+            let mut sstable_iter = rest_data.sstable_iter.take().unwrap();
+            while sstable_iter.is_valid() {
+                let smallest_key = FullKey::decode(sstable_iter.next_block_smallest()).to_vec();
+                let (block, filter_data, block_meta) =
+                    sstable_iter.download_next_block().await?.unwrap();
+                let largest_key = sstable_iter.current_block_largest();
+                let block_len = block.len() as u64;
+                if self
+                    .executor
+                    .builder
+                    .add_raw_block(block, filter_data, smallest_key, largest_key, block_meta)
+                    .await?
+                {
+                    skip_raw_block_count += 1;
+                    skip_raw_block_size += block_len;
+                }
+            }
+            rest_data.next_sstable().await?;
+        }
+        let mut total_read_bytes = 0;
+        for sst in &self.left.sstables {
+            total_read_bytes += sst.file_size;
+        }
+        for sst in &self.right.sstables {
+            total_read_bytes += sst.file_size;
+        }
+        self.metrics
+            .write_build_l0_bytes
+            .inc_by(skip_raw_block_size);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "OPTIMIZATION: skip {} blocks for task-{}, optimize {}% data compression",
+            skip_raw_block_count,
+            self.task_id,
+            skip_raw_block_size * 100 / total_read_bytes,
+        );
+
+        let outputs = self.executor.builder.finish().await?;
+        let ssts = Compactor::report_progress(
+            self.metrics.clone(),
+            Some(self.task_progress.clone()),
+            outputs,
+            false,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let sst_infos = ssts.iter().map(|sst| sst.sst_info.clone()).collect_vec();
+        assert!(can_concat(&sst_infos));
+        Ok(ssts)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CompactTaskExecutor<F: TableBuilderFactory> {
+    last_key: FullKey<Vec<u8>>,
+    watermark_can_see_last_key: bool,
+    builder: CapacitySplitTableBuilder<F>,
+    task_config: TaskConfig,
+    last_key_is_delete: bool,
+}
+
+impl<F: TableBuilderFactory> CompactTaskExecutor<F> {
+    pub fn new(builder: CapacitySplitTableBuilder<F>, task_config: TaskConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            builder,
+            task_config,
+            last_key: FullKey::default(),
+            watermark_can_see_last_key: false,
+            last_key_is_delete: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        if !self.last_key.is_empty() {
+            self.last_key = FullKey::default();
+        }
+        self.watermark_can_see_last_key = false;
+        self.last_key_is_delete = false;
+    }
+
+    pub async fn run(
+        &mut self,
+        iter: &mut BlockIterator,
+        target_key: FullKey<&[u8]>,
+    ) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        while iter.is_valid() && iter.key().le(&target_key) {
+            let is_new_user_key =
+                !self.last_key.is_empty() && iter.key().user_key != self.last_key.user_key.as_ref();
+            let mut drop = false;
+            let epoch = iter.key().epoch;
+            let value = HummockValue::from_slice(iter.value()).unwrap();
+            if is_new_user_key || self.last_key.is_empty() {
+                self.last_key.set(iter.key());
+                self.watermark_can_see_last_key = false;
+                self.last_key_is_delete = false;
+            }
+            if epoch <= self.task_config.watermark
+                && self.task_config.gc_delete_keys
+                && value.is_delete()
+            {
+                drop = true;
+                self.last_key_is_delete = true;
+            } else if epoch < self.task_config.watermark && self.watermark_can_see_last_key {
+                drop = true;
+            }
+
+            if epoch <= self.task_config.watermark {
+                self.watermark_can_see_last_key = true;
+            }
+
+            if drop {
+                iter.next();
+                continue;
+            }
+            self.builder
+                .add_full_key(iter.key(), value, is_new_user_key)
+                .await?;
+            iter.next();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/iterator.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/iterator.rs
index 60c775bbc4ae4..f925d871a610e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/iterator.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/iterator.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl SstableStreamIterator {
             loop {
                 let now = Instant::now();
                 let ret = match &mut self.block_stream {
-                    Some(block_stream) => block_stream.next().await,
+                    Some(block_stream) => block_stream.next_block().await,
                     None => {
                         self.create_stream().await?;
                         continue;
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::hummock::iterator::test_utils::mock_sstable_store;
     use crate::hummock::iterator::HummockIterator;
     use crate::hummock::test_utils::{
-        default_builder_opt_for_test, gen_test_sstable_and_info, test_key_of, test_value_of,
+        default_builder_opt_for_test, gen_test_sstable_info, test_key_of, test_value_of,
         TEST_KEYS_COUNT,
     };
     use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ mod tests {
         for object_id in 0..3 {
             let start_index = object_id * TEST_KEYS_COUNT;
             let end_index = (object_id + 1) * TEST_KEYS_COUNT;
-            let (_table, table_info) = gen_test_sstable_and_info(
+            let table_info = gen_test_sstable_info(
                 default_builder_opt_for_test(),
                 object_id as u64,
                 (start_index..end_index)
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ mod tests {
         for object_id in 0..3 {
             let start_index = object_id * TEST_KEYS_COUNT + TEST_KEYS_COUNT / 2;
             let end_index = (object_id + 1) * TEST_KEYS_COUNT;
-            let (_table, table_info) = gen_test_sstable_and_info(
+            let table_info = gen_test_sstable_info(
                 default_builder_opt_for_test(),
                 object_id as u64,
                 (start_index..end_index)
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
index c9d9d43c38785..8442bf39c124e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ mod compaction_filter;
 pub mod compaction_utils;
 pub mod compactor_runner;
 mod context;
+pub mod fast_compactor_runner;
 mod iterator;
 mod shared_buffer_compact;
 pub(super) mod task_progress;
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ pub use compaction_filter::{
     TtlCompactionFilter,
 };
 pub use context::CompactorContext;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 pub use iterator::{ConcatSstableIterator, SstableStreamIterator};
 use more_asserts::assert_ge;
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ use crate::hummock::{
     validate_ssts, BatchSstableWriterFactory, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder, FilterBuilder,
     HummockError, SstableWriterFactory, StreamingSstableWriterFactory,
 };
+use crate::monitor::CompactorMetrics;
 
 /// Implementation of Hummock compaction.
 pub struct Compactor {
@@ -190,49 +191,14 @@ impl Compactor {
 
         compact_timer.observe_duration();
 
-        let mut ssts = Vec::with_capacity(split_table_outputs.len());
-        let mut upload_join_handles = vec![];
-
-        for SplitTableOutput {
-            sst_info,
-            upload_join_handle,
-        } in split_table_outputs
-        {
-            let sst_size = sst_info.file_size();
-            ssts.push(sst_info);
-
-            let tracker_cloned = task_progress.clone();
-            let context_cloned = self.context.clone();
-            upload_join_handles.push(async move {
-                upload_join_handle
-                    .verbose_instrument_await("upload")
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(HummockError::sstable_upload_error)??;
-                if let Some(tracker) = tracker_cloned {
-                    tracker.inc_ssts_uploaded();
-                    tracker
-                        .num_pending_write_io
-                        .fetch_sub(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
-                }
-                if context_cloned.is_share_buffer_compact {
-                    context_cloned
-                        .compactor_metrics
-                        .shared_buffer_to_sstable_size
-                        .observe(sst_size as _);
-                } else {
-                    context_cloned
-                        .compactor_metrics
-                        .compaction_upload_sst_counts
-                        .inc();
-                }
-                Ok::<_, HummockError>(())
-            });
-        }
+        let ssts = Self::report_progress(
+            self.context.compactor_metrics.clone(),
+            task_progress,
+            split_table_outputs,
+            self.context.is_share_buffer_compact,
+        )
+        .await?;
 
-        // Check if there are any failed uploads. Report all of those SSTs.
-        try_join_all(upload_join_handles)
-            .verbose_instrument_await("join")
-            .await?;
         self.context
             .compactor_metrics
             .get_table_id_total_time_duration
@@ -254,6 +220,45 @@ impl Compactor {
         Ok((ssts, table_stats_map))
     }
 
+    pub async fn report_progress(
+        metrics: Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
+        task_progress: Option<Arc<TaskProgress>>,
+        split_table_outputs: Vec<SplitTableOutput>,
+        is_share_buffer_compact: bool,
+    ) -> HummockResult<Vec<LocalSstableInfo>> {
+        let mut ssts = Vec::with_capacity(split_table_outputs.len());
+        let mut rets = vec![];
+
+        for SplitTableOutput {
+            sst_info,
+            upload_join_handle,
+        } in split_table_outputs
+        {
+            let sst_size = sst_info.file_size();
+            ssts.push(sst_info);
+            let ret = upload_join_handle
+                .verbose_instrument_await("upload")
+                .await
+                .map_err(HummockError::sstable_upload_error);
+            rets.push(ret);
+            if let Some(tracker) = &task_progress {
+                tracker.inc_ssts_uploaded();
+                tracker
+                    .num_pending_write_io
+                    .fetch_sub(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+            }
+            if is_share_buffer_compact {
+                metrics.shared_buffer_to_sstable_size.observe(sst_size as _);
+            } else {
+                metrics.compaction_upload_sst_counts.inc();
+            }
+        }
+        for ret in rets {
+            ret??;
+        }
+        Ok(ssts)
+    }
+
     async fn compact_key_range_impl<F: SstableWriterFactory, B: FilterBuilder>(
         &self,
         writer_factory: F,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
index f0685724a4da0..131fec93c774e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
@@ -241,23 +241,22 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
         context: &CacheRefillContext,
         delta: &SstDeltaInfo,
     ) -> HummockResult<Vec<TableHolder>> {
-        let stats = StoreLocalStatistic::default();
         let tasks = delta
             .insert_sst_infos
             .iter()
             .map(|info| async {
+                let mut stats = StoreLocalStatistic::default();
                 GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.meta_refill_attempts_total.inc();
 
                 let now = Instant::now();
-                let res = context.sstable_store.sstable_syncable(info, &stats).await;
+                let res = context.sstable_store.sstable(info, &mut stats).await;
                 GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
                     .meta_refill_success_duration
                     .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64());
                 res
             })
             .collect_vec();
-        let res = try_join_all(tasks).await?;
-        let holders = res.into_iter().map(|(holder, _, _)| holder).collect_vec();
+        let holders = try_join_all(tasks).await?;
         Ok(holders)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/forward_user.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/forward_user.rs
index c3f6081df8c86..78da3628a3588 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/forward_user.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/forward_user.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,19 @@ impl<I: HummockIterator<Direction = Forward>> UserIterator<I> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create [`UserIterator`] with maximum epoch.
+    pub fn for_test(iterator: I, key_range: UserKeyRange) -> Self {
+        let read_epoch = HummockEpoch::MAX;
+        Self::new(
+            iterator,
+            key_range,
+            read_epoch,
+            0,
+            None,
+            ForwardMergeRangeIterator::new(read_epoch),
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Gets the iterator move to the next step.
     ///
     /// Returned result:
@@ -270,19 +283,6 @@ impl<I: HummockIterator<Direction = Forward>> UserIterator<I> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 impl<I: HummockIterator<Direction = Forward>> UserIterator<I> {
-    /// Create [`UserIterator`] with maximum epoch.
-    pub(crate) fn for_test(iterator: I, key_range: UserKeyRange) -> Self {
-        let read_epoch = HummockEpoch::MAX;
-        Self::new(
-            iterator,
-            key_range,
-            read_epoch,
-            0,
-            None,
-            ForwardMergeRangeIterator::new(read_epoch),
-        )
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn for_test_with_epoch(
         iterator: I,
         key_range: UserKeyRange,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
index 0042ad1614ec5..59ea0a6805b35 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
@@ -164,6 +164,11 @@ impl Debug for Block {
 }
 
 impl Block {
+    pub fn get_algorithm(buf: &Bytes) -> HummockResult<CompressionAlgorithm> {
+        let compression = CompressionAlgorithm::decode(&mut &buf[buf.len() - 9..buf.len() - 8])?;
+        Ok(compression)
+    }
+
     pub fn decode(buf: Bytes, uncompressed_capacity: usize) -> HummockResult<Self> {
         // Verify checksum.
 
@@ -467,7 +472,14 @@ impl BlockBuilder {
             debug_assert!(!key.is_empty());
             debug_assert_eq!(
                 KeyComparator::compare_encoded_full_key(&self.last_key[..], &key[..]),
-                Ordering::Less
+                Ordering::Less,
+                "epoch: {}, table key: {}",
+                full_key.epoch,
+                u64::from_be_bytes(
+                    full_key.user_key.table_key.as_ref()[0..8]
+                        .try_into()
+                        .unwrap()
+                ),
             );
         }
         // Update restart point if needed and calculate diff key.
@@ -588,44 +600,70 @@ impl BlockBuilder {
         ));
 
         self.buf.put_u32_le(self.table_id.unwrap());
-        match self.compression_algorithm {
-            CompressionAlgorithm::None => (),
+        if self.compression_algorithm != CompressionAlgorithm::None {
+            self.buf = Self::compress(&self.buf[..], self.compression_algorithm);
+        }
+
+        self.compression_algorithm.encode(&mut self.buf);
+        let checksum = xxhash64_checksum(&self.buf);
+        self.buf.put_u64_le(checksum);
+        assert!(self.buf.len() < (u32::MAX) as usize);
+
+        self.buf.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn compress_block(
+        buf: Bytes,
+        target_compression: CompressionAlgorithm,
+    ) -> HummockResult<Bytes> {
+        // Verify checksum.
+        let checksum = (&buf[buf.len() - 8..]).get_u64_le();
+        xxhash64_verify(&buf[..buf.len() - 8], checksum)?;
+        // Decompress.
+        let compression = CompressionAlgorithm::decode(&mut &buf[buf.len() - 9..buf.len() - 8])?;
+        let compressed_data = &buf[..buf.len() - 9];
+        assert_eq!(compression, CompressionAlgorithm::None);
+        let mut writer = Self::compress(compressed_data, target_compression);
+
+        target_compression.encode(&mut writer);
+        let checksum = xxhash64_checksum(&writer);
+        writer.put_u64_le(checksum);
+        Ok(writer.freeze())
+    }
+
+    pub fn compress(buf: &[u8], compression_algorithm: CompressionAlgorithm) -> BytesMut {
+        match compression_algorithm {
+            CompressionAlgorithm::None => unreachable!(),
             CompressionAlgorithm::Lz4 => {
                 let mut encoder = lz4::EncoderBuilder::new()
                     .level(4)
-                    .build(BytesMut::with_capacity(self.buf.len()).writer())
+                    .build(BytesMut::with_capacity(buf.len()).writer())
                     .map_err(HummockError::encode_error)
                     .unwrap();
                 encoder
-                    .write_all(&self.buf[..])
+                    .write_all(buf)
                     .map_err(HummockError::encode_error)
                     .unwrap();
                 let (writer, result) = encoder.finish();
                 result.map_err(HummockError::encode_error).unwrap();
-                self.buf = writer.into_inner();
+                writer.into_inner()
             }
             CompressionAlgorithm::Zstd => {
                 let mut encoder =
-                    zstd::Encoder::new(BytesMut::with_capacity(self.buf.len()).writer(), 4)
+                    zstd::Encoder::new(BytesMut::with_capacity(buf.len()).writer(), 4)
                         .map_err(HummockError::encode_error)
                         .unwrap();
                 encoder
-                    .write_all(&self.buf[..])
+                    .write_all(buf)
                     .map_err(HummockError::encode_error)
                     .unwrap();
                 let writer = encoder
                     .finish()
                     .map_err(HummockError::encode_error)
                     .unwrap();
-                self.buf = writer.into_inner();
+                writer.into_inner()
             }
-        };
-
-        self.compression_algorithm.encode(&mut self.buf);
-        let checksum = xxhash64_checksum(&self.buf);
-        self.buf.put_u64_le(checksum);
-
-        self.buf.as_ref()
+        }
     }
 
     /// Approximate block len (uncompressed).
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
index c35417b9d5c04..99af1e281cfe6 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
@@ -16,26 +16,29 @@ use std::cmp;
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use bytes::BytesMut;
+use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{user_key, FullKey, MAX_KEY_LEN};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::{TableStats, TableStatsMap};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, KeyComparator, LocalSstableInfo};
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::SstableInfo;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{BloomFilterType, SstableInfo};
 
 use super::utils::CompressionAlgorithm;
 use super::{
     BlockBuilder, BlockBuilderOptions, BlockMeta, MonotonicDeleteEvent, SstableMeta, SstableWriter,
-    DEFAULT_ENTRY_SIZE, DEFAULT_RESTART_INTERVAL, VERSION,
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, DEFAULT_ENTRY_SIZE, DEFAULT_RESTART_INTERVAL, VERSION,
 };
 use crate::filter_key_extractor::{FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor};
 use crate::hummock::sstable::{utils, FilterBuilder};
 use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
-use crate::hummock::{HummockResult, MemoryLimiter, Xor16FilterBuilder, DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE};
+use crate::hummock::{
+    Block, BlockHolder, BlockIterator, HummockResult, MemoryLimiter, Xor16FilterBuilder,
+};
 use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
 
 pub const DEFAULT_SSTABLE_SIZE: usize = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
 pub const DEFAULT_BLOOM_FALSE_POSITIVE: f64 = 0.001;
 pub const DEFAULT_MAX_SST_SIZE: u64 = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+pub const MIN_BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 8 * 1024;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct SstableBuilderOptions {
@@ -121,10 +124,6 @@ pub struct SstableBuilder<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> {
     last_table_id: Option<u32>,
     sstable_id: u64,
 
-    /// `stale_key_count` counts range_tombstones as well.
-    stale_key_count: u64,
-    /// `total_key_count` counts range_tombstones as well.
-    total_key_count: u64,
     /// Per table stats.
     table_stats: TableStatsMap,
     /// `last_table_stats` accumulates stats for `last_table_id` and finalizes it in `table_stats`
@@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ pub struct SstableBuilder<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> {
     filter_builder: F,
 
     epoch_set: BTreeSet<u64>,
-
     memory_limiter: Option<Arc<MemoryLimiter>>,
 }
 
@@ -179,8 +177,6 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
             monotonic_deletes: vec![],
             sstable_id,
             filter_key_extractor,
-            stale_key_count: 0,
-            total_key_count: 0,
             table_stats: Default::default(),
             last_table_stats: Default::default(),
             range_tombstone_size: 0,
@@ -214,8 +210,6 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         if event.new_epoch != HummockEpoch::MAX {
             self.epoch_set.insert(event.new_epoch);
         }
-        self.stale_key_count += 1;
-        self.total_key_count += 1;
         self.range_tombstone_size += event.encoded_size();
         self.monotonic_deletes.push(event);
     }
@@ -235,9 +229,49 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         &mut self,
         full_key: FullKey<&[u8]>,
         value: HummockValue<&[u8]>,
-        is_new_user_key: bool,
     ) -> HummockResult<()> {
-        self.add(full_key, value, is_new_user_key).await
+        self.add(full_key, value).await
+    }
+
+    /// Add raw data of block to sstable. return false means fallback
+    pub async fn add_raw_block(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: Bytes,
+        filter_data: Vec<u8>,
+        smallest_key: FullKey<Vec<u8>>,
+        largest_key: Vec<u8>,
+        mut meta: BlockMeta,
+    ) -> HummockResult<bool> {
+        let table_id = smallest_key.user_key.table_id.table_id;
+        if self.last_table_id.is_none() || self.last_table_id.unwrap() != table_id {
+            self.table_ids.insert(table_id);
+            self.finalize_last_table_stats();
+            self.last_table_id = Some(table_id);
+        }
+        if !self.block_builder.is_empty() {
+            let min_block_size = std::cmp::min(MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, self.options.block_capacity / 4);
+            if self.block_builder.approximate_len() < min_block_size {
+                let block = Block::decode(buf, meta.uncompressed_size as usize)?;
+                let mut iter = BlockIterator::new(BlockHolder::from_owned_block(Box::new(block)));
+                iter.seek_to_first();
+                while iter.is_valid() {
+                    let value = HummockValue::from_slice(iter.value())
+                        .expect("decode failed for fast compact");
+                    self.add_impl(iter.key(), value, false).await?;
+                    iter.next();
+                }
+                return Ok(false);
+            }
+            self.build_block().await?;
+        }
+        self.last_full_key = largest_key;
+        assert_eq!(meta.len as usize, buf.len());
+        meta.offset = self.writer.data_len() as u32;
+        self.block_metas.push(meta);
+        self.filter_builder.add_raw_data(filter_data);
+        let block_meta = self.block_metas.last_mut().unwrap();
+        self.writer.write_block_bytes(buf, block_meta).await?;
+        Ok(true)
     }
 
     /// Add kv pair to sstable.
@@ -245,11 +279,18 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         &mut self,
         full_key: FullKey<&[u8]>,
         value: HummockValue<&[u8]>,
-        is_new_user_key: bool,
     ) -> HummockResult<()> {
-        const LARGE_KEY_LEN: usize = MAX_KEY_LEN >> 1;
+        self.add_impl(full_key, value, true).await
+    }
 
-        let mut is_new_table = false;
+    /// Add kv pair to sstable.
+    async fn add_impl(
+        &mut self,
+        full_key: FullKey<&[u8]>,
+        value: HummockValue<&[u8]>,
+        could_switch_block: bool,
+    ) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        const LARGE_KEY_LEN: usize = MAX_KEY_LEN >> 1;
 
         let table_key_len = full_key.user_key.table_key.as_ref().len();
         if table_key_len >= LARGE_KEY_LEN {
@@ -265,34 +306,27 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         // TODO: refine me
         full_key.encode_into(&mut self.raw_key);
         value.encode(&mut self.raw_value);
-        if is_new_user_key {
-            if value.is_delete() {
-                self.stale_key_count += 1;
-            }
-            let table_id = full_key.user_key.table_id.table_id();
-            is_new_table = self.last_table_id.is_none() || self.last_table_id.unwrap() != table_id;
-            if is_new_table {
-                self.table_ids.insert(table_id);
-                self.finalize_last_table_stats();
-                self.last_table_id = Some(table_id);
-                if !self.block_builder.is_empty() {
-                    self.build_block().await?;
-                }
-            } else if self.block_builder.approximate_len() >= self.options.block_capacity {
+        let is_new_user_key = self.last_full_key.is_empty()
+            || !user_key(&self.raw_key).eq(user_key(&self.last_full_key));
+        let table_id = full_key.user_key.table_id.table_id();
+        let is_new_table = self.last_table_id.is_none() || self.last_table_id.unwrap() != table_id;
+        if is_new_table {
+            assert!(could_switch_block);
+            self.table_ids.insert(table_id);
+            self.finalize_last_table_stats();
+            self.last_table_id = Some(table_id);
+            if !self.block_builder.is_empty() {
                 self.build_block().await?;
             }
-        } else {
-            self.stale_key_count += 1;
+        } else if is_new_user_key
+            && self.block_builder.approximate_len() >= self.options.block_capacity
+            && could_switch_block
+        {
+            self.build_block().await?;
         }
-        self.total_key_count += 1;
         self.last_table_stats.total_key_count += 1;
-
         self.epoch_set.insert(full_key.epoch);
 
-        if is_new_table && !self.block_builder.is_empty() {
-            self.build_block().await?;
-        }
-
         // Rotate block builder if the previous one has been built.
         if self.block_builder.is_empty() {
             self.block_metas.push(BlockMeta {
@@ -300,7 +334,9 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
                 len: 0,
                 smallest_key: full_key.encode(),
                 uncompressed_size: 0,
-            })
+                total_key_count: 0,
+                stale_key_count: 0,
+            });
         }
 
         let table_id = full_key.user_key.table_id.table_id();
@@ -311,6 +347,10 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
             self.filter_builder.add_key(extract_key, table_id);
         }
         self.block_builder.add(full_key, self.raw_value.as_ref());
+        self.block_metas.last_mut().unwrap().total_key_count += 1;
+        if !is_new_user_key || value.is_delete() {
+            self.block_metas.last_mut().unwrap().stale_key_count += 1;
+        }
         self.last_table_stats.total_key_size += full_key.encoded_len() as i64;
         self.last_table_stats.total_value_size += value.encoded_len() as i64;
 
@@ -396,12 +436,28 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
                 .encode();
             }
         }
+        let bloom_filter_kind = if self.filter_builder.support_blocked_raw_data() {
+            BloomFilterType::Blocked
+        } else {
+            BloomFilterType::Sstable
+        };
         let bloom_filter = if self.options.bloom_false_positive > 0.0 {
             self.filter_builder.finish(self.memory_limiter.clone())
         } else {
             vec![]
         };
 
+        let total_key_count = self
+            .block_metas
+            .iter()
+            .map(|block_meta| block_meta.total_key_count as u64)
+            .sum::<u64>()
+            + self.monotonic_deletes.len() as u64;
+        let stale_key_count = self
+            .block_metas
+            .iter()
+            .map(|block_meta| block_meta.stale_key_count as u64)
+            .sum::<u64>();
         let uncompressed_file_size = self
             .block_metas
             .iter()
@@ -412,7 +468,7 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
             block_metas: self.block_metas,
             bloom_filter,
             estimated_size: 0,
-            key_count: utils::checked_into_u32(self.total_key_count),
+            key_count: utils::checked_into_u32(total_key_count),
             smallest_key,
             largest_key,
             version: VERSION,
@@ -484,6 +540,7 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         let sst_info = SstableInfo {
             object_id: self.sstable_id,
             sst_id: self.sstable_id,
+            bloom_filter_kind: bloom_filter_kind as i32,
             key_range: Some(risingwave_pb::hummock::KeyRange {
                 left: meta.smallest_key.clone(),
                 right: meta.largest_key.clone(),
@@ -492,8 +549,8 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
             file_size: meta.estimated_size as u64,
             table_ids: self.table_ids.into_iter().collect(),
             meta_offset: meta.meta_offset,
-            stale_key_count: self.stale_key_count,
-            total_key_count: self.total_key_count,
+            stale_key_count,
+            total_key_count,
             uncompressed_file_size: uncompressed_file_size + meta.encoded_size() as u64,
             min_epoch: cmp::min(min_epoch, tombstone_min_epoch),
             max_epoch: cmp::max(max_epoch, tombstone_max_epoch),
@@ -503,8 +560,8 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
             "meta_size {} bloom_filter_size {}  add_key_counts {} stale_key_count {} min_epoch {} max_epoch {} epoch_count {}",
             meta.encoded_size(),
             meta.bloom_filter.len(),
-            self.total_key_count,
-            self.stale_key_count,
+            total_key_count,
+            stale_key_count,
             min_epoch,
             max_epoch,
             self.epoch_set.len()
@@ -532,7 +589,6 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
     async fn build_block(&mut self) -> HummockResult<()> {
         // Skip empty block.
         if self.block_builder.is_empty() {
-            self.block_metas.pop();
             return Ok(());
         }
 
@@ -554,12 +610,8 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.total_key_count as usize
-    }
-
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.total_key_count > 0
+        self.range_tombstone_size > 0 || self.writer.data_len() > 0
     }
 
     /// Returns true if we roughly reached capacity
@@ -587,17 +639,22 @@ pub(super) mod tests {
     use std::collections::Bound;
 
     use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+    use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::UserKey;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::assert_bytes_eq;
+    use crate::filter_key_extractor::{DummyFilterKeyExtractor, MultiFilterKeyExtractor};
     use crate::hummock::iterator::test_utils::mock_sstable_store;
     use crate::hummock::sstable::xor_filter::BlockedXor16FilterBuilder;
     use crate::hummock::test_utils::{
         default_builder_opt_for_test, gen_test_sstable_impl, mock_sst_writer, test_key_of,
         test_value_of, TEST_KEYS_COUNT,
     };
-    use crate::hummock::{CachePolicy, Sstable, Xor16FilterBuilder, Xor8FilterBuilder};
+    use crate::hummock::{
+        CachePolicy, Sstable, SstableWriterOptions, Xor16FilterBuilder, Xor8FilterBuilder,
+    };
+    use crate::monitor::StoreLocalStatistic;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_empty() {
@@ -650,7 +707,6 @@ pub(super) mod tests {
             b.add_for_test(
                 test_key_of(i).to_ref(),
                 HummockValue::put(&test_value_of(i)),
-                true,
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -687,24 +743,28 @@ pub(super) mod tests {
 
         // build remote table
         let sstable_store = mock_sstable_store();
-        let (table, _) = gen_test_sstable_impl::<Vec<u8>, F>(
+        let sst_info = gen_test_sstable_impl::<Vec<u8>, F>(
             opts,
             0,
             (0..TEST_KEYS_COUNT).map(|i| (test_key_of(i), HummockValue::put(test_value_of(i)))),
             vec![],
-            sstable_store,
+            sstable_store.clone(),
             CachePolicy::NotFill,
         )
         .await;
+        let table = sstable_store
+            .sstable(&sst_info, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(table.has_bloom_filter(), with_blooms);
+        assert_eq!(table.value().has_bloom_filter(), with_blooms);
         for i in 0..key_count {
             let full_key = test_key_of(i);
-            if table.has_bloom_filter() {
+            if table.value().has_bloom_filter() {
                 let hash = Sstable::hash_for_bloom_filter(full_key.user_key.encode().as_slice(), 0);
                 let key_ref = full_key.user_key.as_ref();
                 assert!(
-                    table.may_match_hash(
+                    table.value().may_match_hash(
                         &(Bound::Included(key_ref), Bound::Included(key_ref)),
                         hash
                     ),
@@ -722,4 +782,70 @@ pub(super) mod tests {
         test_with_bloom_filter::<Xor8FilterBuilder>(true).await;
         test_with_bloom_filter::<BlockedXor16FilterBuilder>(true).await;
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_no_bloom_filter_block() {
+        let opts = SstableBuilderOptions::default();
+        // build remote table
+        let sstable_store = mock_sstable_store();
+        let writer_opts = SstableWriterOptions::default();
+        let object_id = 1;
+        let writer = sstable_store
+            .clone()
+            .create_sst_writer(object_id, writer_opts);
+        let mut filter = MultiFilterKeyExtractor::default();
+        filter.register(
+            1,
+            Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::Dummy(DummyFilterKeyExtractor)),
+        );
+        filter.register(
+            2,
+            Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::FullKey(FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor)),
+        );
+        filter.register(
+            3,
+            Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::Dummy(DummyFilterKeyExtractor)),
+        );
+        let mut builder = SstableBuilder::new(
+            object_id,
+            writer,
+            BlockedXor16FilterBuilder::new(1024),
+            opts,
+            Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::Multi(filter)),
+            None,
+        );
+
+        let key_count: usize = 10000;
+        for table_id in 1..4 {
+            let mut table_key = VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+            for idx in 0..key_count {
+                table_key.resize(VirtualNode::SIZE, 0);
+                table_key.extend_from_slice(format!("key_test_{:05}", idx * 2).as_bytes());
+                let k = UserKey::for_test(TableId::new(table_id), table_key.as_ref());
+                let v = test_value_of(idx);
+                builder
+                    .add(FullKey::from_user_key(k, 1), HummockValue::put(v.as_ref()))
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+        let ret = builder.finish().await.unwrap();
+        let sst_info = ret.sst_info.sst_info.clone();
+        ret.writer_output.await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        let table = sstable_store
+            .sstable(&sst_info, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut table_key = VirtualNode::ZERO.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+        for idx in 0..key_count {
+            table_key.resize(VirtualNode::SIZE, 0);
+            table_key.extend_from_slice(format!("key_test_{:05}", idx * 2).as_bytes());
+            let k = UserKey::for_test(TableId::new(2), table_key.as_slice());
+            let hash = Sstable::hash_for_bloom_filter(&k.encode(), 2);
+            let key_ref = k.as_ref();
+            assert!(table
+                .value()
+                .may_match_hash(&(Bound::Included(key_ref), Bound::Included(key_ref)), hash));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/filter.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/filter.rs
index 8930e2ed68ace..ac1cef4681d26 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/filter.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/filter.rs
@@ -30,4 +30,12 @@ pub trait FilterBuilder: Send {
     fn switch_block(&mut self, _memory_limiter: Option<Arc<MemoryLimiter>>) {}
     /// approximate memory when finish filter
     fn approximate_building_memory(&self) -> usize;
+
+    /// Add raw data which build by keys directly. Please make sure that you have finished the last
+    /// block by calling `switch_block`
+    fn add_raw_data(&mut self, _raw: Vec<u8>) {}
+
+    fn support_blocked_raw_data(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
index 70b4fc6b64f36..dfa4a5c0a0095 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/mod.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ pub use block_iterator::*;
 mod bloom;
 mod xor_filter;
 pub use bloom::BloomFilterBuilder;
-use xor_filter::XorFilterReader;
-pub use xor_filter::{BlockedXor16FilterBuilder, Xor16FilterBuilder, Xor8FilterBuilder};
+pub use xor_filter::{
+    BlockedXor16FilterBuilder, Xor16FilterBuilder, Xor8FilterBuilder, XorFilterReader,
+};
 pub mod builder;
 pub use builder::*;
 pub mod writer;
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ use crate::store::ReadOptions;
 
 const DEFAULT_META_BUFFER_CAPACITY: usize = 4096;
 const MAGIC: u32 = 0x5785ab73;
-const VERSION: u32 = 1;
+const OLD_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+const VERSION: u32 = 2;
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 // delete keys located in [start_user_key, end_user_key)
@@ -246,7 +248,6 @@ impl Sstable {
     pub fn new(id: HummockSstableObjectId, mut meta: SstableMeta) -> Self {
         let filter_data = std::mem::take(&mut meta.bloom_filter);
         let filter_reader = XorFilterReader::new(&filter_data, &meta.block_metas);
-
         Self {
             id,
             meta,
@@ -314,12 +315,14 @@ impl Sstable {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct BlockMeta {
     pub smallest_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub offset: u32,
     pub len: u32,
     pub uncompressed_size: u32,
+    pub total_key_count: u32,
+    pub stale_key_count: u32,
 }
 
 impl BlockMeta {
@@ -332,6 +335,8 @@ impl BlockMeta {
         buf.put_u32_le(self.offset);
         buf.put_u32_le(self.len);
         buf.put_u32_le(self.uncompressed_size);
+        buf.put_u32_le(self.total_key_count);
+        buf.put_u32_le(self.stale_key_count);
         put_length_prefixed_slice(buf, &self.smallest_key);
     }
 
@@ -339,18 +344,40 @@ impl BlockMeta {
         let offset = buf.get_u32_le();
         let len = buf.get_u32_le();
         let uncompressed_size = buf.get_u32_le();
+
+        let total_key_count = buf.get_u32_le();
+        let stale_key_count = buf.get_u32_le();
         let smallest_key = get_length_prefixed_slice(buf);
         Self {
             smallest_key,
             offset,
             len,
             uncompressed_size,
+            total_key_count,
+            stale_key_count,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode_from_v1(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let offset = buf.get_u32_le();
+        let len = buf.get_u32_le();
+        let uncompressed_size = buf.get_u32_le();
+        let total_key_count = 0;
+        let stale_key_count = 0;
+        let smallest_key = get_length_prefixed_slice(buf);
+        Self {
+            smallest_key,
+            offset,
+            len,
+            uncompressed_size,
+            total_key_count,
+            stale_key_count,
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn encoded_size(&self) -> usize {
-        16 /* offset + len + key len + uncompressed size */ + self.smallest_key.len()
+        24 /* offset + len + key len + uncompressed size + total key count + stale key count */ + self.smallest_key.len()
     }
 
     pub fn table_id(&self) -> TableId {
@@ -358,7 +385,7 @@ impl BlockMeta {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct SstableMeta {
     pub block_metas: Vec<BlockMeta>,
     pub bloom_filter: Vec<u8>,
@@ -441,7 +468,7 @@ impl SstableMeta {
 
         cursor -= 4;
         let version = (&buf[cursor..cursor + 4]).get_u32_le();
-        if version != VERSION {
+        if version != VERSION && version != OLD_VERSION {
             return Err(HummockError::invalid_format_version(version));
         }
 
@@ -452,9 +479,16 @@ impl SstableMeta {
 
         let block_meta_count = buf.get_u32_le() as usize;
         let mut block_metas = Vec::with_capacity(block_meta_count);
-        for _ in 0..block_meta_count {
-            block_metas.push(BlockMeta::decode(buf));
+        if version == OLD_VERSION {
+            for _ in 0..block_meta_count {
+                block_metas.push(BlockMeta::decode_from_v1(buf));
+            }
+        } else {
+            for _ in 0..block_meta_count {
+                block_metas.push(BlockMeta::decode(buf));
+            }
         }
+
         let bloom_filter = get_length_prefixed_slice(buf);
         let estimated_size = buf.get_u32_le();
         let key_count = buf.get_u32_le();
@@ -535,15 +569,14 @@ mod tests {
             block_metas: vec![
                 BlockMeta {
                     smallest_key: b"0-smallest-key".to_vec(),
-                    offset: 0,
                     len: 100,
-                    uncompressed_size: 0,
+                    ..Default::default()
                 },
                 BlockMeta {
                     smallest_key: b"5-some-key".to_vec(),
                     offset: 100,
                     len: 100,
-                    uncompressed_size: 0,
+                    ..Default::default()
                 },
             ],
             bloom_filter: b"0123456789".to_vec(),
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/multi_builder.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/multi_builder.rs
index 31b38d66f8fc0..9bee67e78ca68 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/multi_builder.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/multi_builder.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use num_integer::Integer;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, PointRange, UserKey};
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::hummock::sstable::filter::FilterBuilder;
 use crate::hummock::sstable_store::SstableStoreRef;
 use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
 use crate::hummock::{
-    BatchUploadWriter, CachePolicy, HummockResult, MemoryLimiter, SstableBuilder,
+    BatchUploadWriter, BlockMeta, CachePolicy, HummockResult, MemoryLimiter, SstableBuilder,
     SstableBuilderOptions, SstableWriter, SstableWriterOptions, Xor16FilterBuilder,
 };
 use crate::monitor::CompactorMetrics;
@@ -150,6 +151,30 @@ where
         self.add_full_key(full_key, value, is_new_user_key).await
     }
 
+    pub async fn add_raw_block(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: Bytes,
+        filter_data: Vec<u8>,
+        smallest_key: FullKey<Vec<u8>>,
+        largest_key: Vec<u8>,
+        block_meta: BlockMeta,
+    ) -> HummockResult<bool> {
+        if self.current_builder.is_none() {
+            if let Some(progress) = &self.task_progress {
+                progress
+                    .num_pending_write_io
+                    .fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+            }
+            let builder = self.builder_factory.open_builder().await?;
+            self.current_builder = Some(builder);
+        }
+
+        let builder = self.current_builder.as_mut().unwrap();
+        builder
+            .add_raw_block(buf, filter_data, smallest_key, largest_key, block_meta)
+            .await
+    }
+
     /// Adds a key-value pair to the underlying builders.
     ///
     /// If `allow_split` and the current builder reaches its capacity, this function will create a
@@ -224,7 +249,7 @@ where
         }
 
         let builder = self.current_builder.as_mut().unwrap();
-        builder.add(full_key, value, is_new_user_key).await
+        builder.add(full_key, value).await
     }
 
     pub fn check_table_and_vnode_change(&mut self, user_key: &UserKey<&[u8]>) -> (bool, bool) {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/utils.rs
index 3e9aa73815254..61373289288ab 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/utils.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ use xxhash_rust::xxh64;
 
 use super::{HummockError, HummockResult};
 
-unsafe fn u64(ptr: *const u8) -> u64 {
+unsafe fn read_u64(ptr: *const u8) -> u64 {
     ptr::read_unaligned(ptr as *const u64)
 }
 
-unsafe fn u32(ptr: *const u8) -> u32 {
+unsafe fn read_u32(ptr: *const u8) -> u32 {
     ptr::read_unaligned(ptr as *const u32)
 }
 
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ pub fn bytes_diff_below_max_key_length<'a>(base: &[u8], target: &'a [u8]) -> &'a
     let mut i = 0;
     unsafe {
         while i + 8 <= end {
-            if u64(base.as_ptr().add(i)) != u64(target.as_ptr().add(i)) {
+            if read_u64(base.as_ptr().add(i)) != read_u64(target.as_ptr().add(i)) {
                 break;
             }
             i += 8;
         }
-        if i + 4 <= end && u32(base.as_ptr().add(i)) == u32(target.as_ptr().add(i)) {
+        if i + 4 <= end && read_u32(base.as_ptr().add(i)) == read_u32(target.as_ptr().add(i)) {
             i += 4;
         }
         while i < end {
@@ -113,6 +113,16 @@ impl CompressionAlgorithm {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<u32> for CompressionAlgorithm {
+    fn from(ca: u32) -> Self {
+        match ca {
+            0 => CompressionAlgorithm::None,
+            1 => CompressionAlgorithm::Lz4,
+            _ => CompressionAlgorithm::Zstd,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<CompressionAlgorithm> for u8 {
     fn from(ca: CompressionAlgorithm) -> Self {
         match ca {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/writer.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/writer.rs
index 33d7f1b0736bb..d5b5122a0a8d6 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/writer.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/writer.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ pub trait SstableWriter: Send {
     /// Write an SST block to the writer.
     async fn write_block(&mut self, block: &[u8], meta: &BlockMeta) -> HummockResult<()>;
 
+    async fn write_block_bytes(&mut self, block: Bytes, meta: &BlockMeta) -> HummockResult<()>;
+
     /// Finish writing the SST.
     async fn finish(self, meta: SstableMeta) -> HummockResult<Self::Output>;
 
@@ -60,6 +62,11 @@ impl SstableWriter for InMemWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn write_block_bytes(&mut self, block: Bytes, _meta: &BlockMeta) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.buf.extend_from_slice(&block);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn finish(mut self, meta: SstableMeta) -> HummockResult<Self::Output> {
         meta.encode_to(&mut self.buf);
         Ok((Bytes::from(self.buf), meta))
@@ -94,7 +101,7 @@ mod tests {
                 smallest_key: Vec::new(),
                 len: 1000,
                 offset: i * 1000,
-                uncompressed_size: 0, // dummy value
+                ..Default::default()
             });
             blocks.push(data.slice((i * 1000) as usize..((i + 1) * 1000) as usize));
         }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/xor_filter.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/xor_filter.rs
index f415cfc0980a9..8d0564ebbf92d 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/xor_filter.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/xor_filter.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut};
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::must_match;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{FullKey, UserKeyRangeRef};
 use xorf::{Filter, Xor16, Xor8};
 
@@ -57,6 +58,21 @@ impl Xor16FilterBuilder {
         };
         Self { key_hash_entries }
     }
+
+    fn build_from_xor16(xor_filter: &Xor16) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(8 + 4 + xor_filter.fingerprints.len() * 2 + 1);
+        buf.put_u64_le(xor_filter.seed);
+        buf.put_u32_le(xor_filter.block_length as u32);
+        xor_filter
+            .fingerprints
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|x| buf.put_u16_le(*x));
+        // We add an extra byte so we can distinguish bloom filter and xor filter by the last
+        // byte(255 indicates a xor16 filter, 254 indicates a xor8 filter and others indicate a
+        // bloom filter).
+        buf.put_u8(FOOTER_XOR16);
+        buf
+    }
 }
 
 impl FilterBuilder for Xor16FilterBuilder {
@@ -79,18 +95,7 @@ impl FilterBuilder for Xor16FilterBuilder {
 
         let xor_filter = Xor16::from(&self.key_hash_entries);
         self.key_hash_entries.clear();
-        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(8 + 4 + xor_filter.fingerprints.len() * 2 + 1);
-        buf.put_u64_le(xor_filter.seed);
-        buf.put_u32_le(xor_filter.block_length as u32);
-        xor_filter
-            .fingerprints
-            .iter()
-            .for_each(|x| buf.put_u16_le(*x));
-        // We add an extra byte so we can distinguish bloom filter and xor filter by the last
-        // byte(255 indicates a xor16 filter, 254 indicates a xor8 filter and others indicate a
-        // bloom filter).
-        buf.put_u8(FOOTER_XOR16);
-        buf
+        Self::build_from_xor16(&xor_filter)
     }
 
     fn create(_fpr: f64, capacity: usize) -> Self {
@@ -194,6 +199,17 @@ impl FilterBuilder for BlockedXor16FilterBuilder {
     fn approximate_building_memory(&self) -> usize {
         self.current.approximate_building_memory()
     }
+
+    fn add_raw_data(&mut self, raw: Vec<u8>) {
+        assert!(self.current.key_hash_entries.is_empty());
+        self.data.put_u32_le(raw.len() as u32);
+        self.data.extend(raw);
+        self.block_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    fn support_blocked_raw_data(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct BlockBasedXor16Filter {
@@ -389,6 +405,15 @@ impl XorFilterReader {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn get_block_raw_filter(&self, block_index: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let reader = must_match!(&self.filter, XorFilter::BlockXor16(reader) => reader);
+        Xor16FilterBuilder::build_from_xor16(&reader.filters[block_index].1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_block_based_filter(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.filter, XorFilter::BlockXor16(_))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Clone for XorFilterReader {
@@ -466,7 +491,7 @@ mod tests {
                     epoch,
                 };
                 let v = HummockValue::put(test_value_of(i));
-                builder.add(k.to_ref(), v.as_slice(), j == 0).await.unwrap();
+                builder.add(k.to_ref(), v.as_slice()).await.unwrap();
             }
         }
         let ret = builder.finish().await.unwrap();
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
index 5faa0a8841ea9..9d835409a6e28 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 use std::clone::Clone;
+use std::future::Future;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -388,15 +389,12 @@ impl SstableStore {
         self.meta_file_cache.clear_without_wait();
     }
 
-    /// Returns `table_holder`, `local_cache_meta_block_miss` (1 if cache miss) and
-    /// `local_cache_meta_block_unhit` (1 if not cache hit).
-    pub async fn sstable_syncable(
+    /// Returns `table_holder`
+    pub fn sstable(
         &self,
         sst: &SstableInfo,
-        stats: &StoreLocalStatistic,
-    ) -> HummockResult<(TableHolder, u64, u64)> {
-        let mut local_cache_meta_block_miss = 0;
-        let mut local_cache_meta_block_unhit = 0;
+        stats: &mut StoreLocalStatistic,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = HummockResult<TableHolder>> + Send + 'static {
         let object_id = sst.get_object_id();
         let lookup_response = self
             .meta_cache
@@ -408,7 +406,6 @@ impl SstableStore {
                     let meta_file_cache = self.meta_file_cache.clone();
                     let store = self.store.clone();
                     let meta_path = self.get_sst_data_path(object_id);
-                    local_cache_meta_block_miss += 1;
                     let stats_ptr = stats.remote_io_time.clone();
                     let range = sst.meta_offset as usize..sst.file_size as usize;
                     async move {
@@ -427,6 +424,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
                             .await
                             .map_err(HummockError::object_io_error)?;
                         let meta = SstableMeta::decode(&buf[..])?;
+
                         let sst = Sstable::new(object_id, meta);
                         let charge = sst.estimate_size();
                         let add = (now.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).ceil();
@@ -435,35 +433,14 @@ impl SstableStore {
                     }
                 },
             );
-        if !matches!(lookup_response, LookupResponse::Cached(..)) {
-            local_cache_meta_block_unhit += 1;
+        match &lookup_response {
+            LookupResponse::Miss(_) | LookupResponse::WaitPendingRequest(_) => {
+                stats.cache_meta_block_miss += 1;
+            }
+            _ => (),
         }
-        let result = lookup_response
-            .verbose_instrument_await("meta_cache_lookup")
-            .await;
-        result.map(|table_holder| {
-            (
-                table_holder,
-                local_cache_meta_block_miss,
-                local_cache_meta_block_unhit,
-            )
-        })
-    }
-
-    // This is a clippy bug, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/11380.
-    // TODO: remove `allow` here after the issued is closed.
-    #[expect(clippy::needless_pass_by_ref_mut)]
-    pub async fn sstable(
-        &self,
-        sst: &SstableInfo,
-        stats: &mut StoreLocalStatistic,
-    ) -> HummockResult<TableHolder> {
-        self.sstable_syncable(sst, stats).await.map(
-            |(table_holder, local_cache_meta_block_miss, ..)| {
-                stats.apply_meta_fetch(local_cache_meta_block_miss);
-                table_holder
-            },
-        )
+        stats.cache_meta_block_total += 1;
+        lookup_response.verbose_instrument_await("sstable")
     }
 
     pub async fn list_object_metadata_from_object_store(
@@ -736,6 +713,15 @@ impl SstableWriter for BatchUploadWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn write_block_bytes(&mut self, block: Bytes, meta: &BlockMeta) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.buf.extend_from_slice(&block);
+        if let CachePolicy::Fill(_) = self.policy {
+            self.block_info
+                .push(Block::decode(block, meta.uncompressed_size as usize)?);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn finish(mut self, meta: SstableMeta) -> HummockResult<Self::Output> {
         fail_point!("data_upload_err");
         let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -831,6 +817,18 @@ impl SstableWriter for StreamingUploadWriter {
             .map_err(HummockError::object_io_error)
     }
 
+    async fn write_block_bytes(&mut self, block: Bytes, meta: &BlockMeta) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        self.data_len += block.len();
+        if let CachePolicy::Fill(_) = self.policy {
+            let block = Block::decode(block.clone(), meta.uncompressed_size as usize)?;
+            self.blocks.push(block);
+        }
+        self.object_uploader
+            .write_bytes(block)
+            .await
+            .map_err(HummockError::object_io_error)
+    }
+
     async fn finish(mut self, meta: SstableMeta) -> HummockResult<UploadJoinHandle> {
         let meta_data = Bytes::from(meta.encode_to_bytes());
 
@@ -925,7 +923,7 @@ pub struct BlockStream {
     /// not contain the size of blocks which precede the first streamed block. That is, if
     /// streaming starts at block 2 of a given SST, then the list does not contain information
     /// about block 0 and block 1.
-    block_size_vec: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
+    block_metas: Vec<BlockMeta>,
 }
 
 impl BlockStream {
@@ -947,28 +945,22 @@ impl BlockStream {
         // Avoids panicking if `block_index` is too large.
         let block_index = std::cmp::min(block_index, metas.len());
 
-        let mut block_len_vec = Vec::with_capacity(metas.len() - block_index);
-        metas[block_index..].iter().for_each(|b_meta| {
-            block_len_vec.push((b_meta.len as usize, b_meta.uncompressed_size as usize))
-        });
-
         Self {
             byte_stream,
             block_idx: 0,
-            block_size_vec: block_len_vec,
+            block_metas: metas[block_index..].to_vec(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Reads the next block from the stream and returns it. Returns `None` if there are no blocks
     /// left to read.
-    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> HummockResult<Option<Box<Block>>> {
-        if self.block_idx >= self.block_size_vec.len() {
+    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> HummockResult<Option<(Bytes, BlockMeta)>> {
+        if self.block_idx >= self.block_metas.len() {
             return Ok(None);
         }
 
-        let (block_stream_size, block_full_size) =
-            *self.block_size_vec.get(self.block_idx).unwrap();
-        let mut buffer = vec![0; block_stream_size];
+        let block_meta = &self.block_metas[self.block_idx];
+        let mut buffer = vec![0; block_meta.len as usize];
         fail_point!("stream_read_err", |_| Err(HummockError::object_io_error(
             ObjectError::internal("stream read error")
         )));
@@ -979,17 +971,26 @@ impl BlockStream {
             .await
             .map_err(|e| HummockError::object_io_error(ObjectError::internal(e)))?;
 
-        if bytes_read != block_stream_size {
+        if bytes_read != block_meta.len as usize {
             return Err(HummockError::decode_error(ObjectError::internal(format!(
                 "unexpected number of bytes: expected: {} read: {}",
-                block_stream_size, bytes_read
+                block_meta.len, bytes_read
             ))));
         }
 
-        let boxed_block = Box::new(Block::decode(Bytes::from(buffer), block_full_size)?);
         self.block_idx += 1;
 
-        Ok(Some(boxed_block))
+        Ok(Some((Bytes::from(buffer), block_meta.clone())))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn next_block(&mut self) -> HummockResult<Option<Box<Block>>> {
+        match self.next().await? {
+            None => Ok(None),
+            Some((buf, meta)) => Ok(Some(Box::new(Block::decode(
+                buf,
+                meta.uncompressed_size as usize,
+            )?))),
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
index 3381b629ddfe6..424ca7d1a2131 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ use crate::filter_key_extractor::{FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FullKeyFilterKeyExtrac
 use crate::hummock::shared_buffer::shared_buffer_batch::SharedBufferBatch;
 use crate::hummock::value::HummockValue;
 use crate::hummock::{
-    CachePolicy, DeleteRangeTombstone, FilterBuilder, LruCache, Sstable, SstableBuilder,
-    SstableBuilderOptions, SstableStoreRef, SstableWriter, Xor16FilterBuilder,
+    BlockedXor16FilterBuilder, CachePolicy, DeleteRangeTombstone, FilterBuilder, LruCache, Sstable,
+    SstableBuilder, SstableBuilderOptions, SstableStoreRef, SstableWriter, Xor16FilterBuilder,
 };
 use crate::monitor::StoreLocalStatistic;
 use crate::opts::StorageOpts;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pub async fn gen_test_sstable_data(
 ) -> (Bytes, SstableMeta) {
     let mut b = SstableBuilder::for_test(0, mock_sst_writer(&opts), opts);
     for (key, value) in kv_iter {
-        b.add_for_test(key.to_ref(), value.as_slice(), true)
+        b.add_for_test(key.to_ref(), value.as_slice())
             .await
             .unwrap();
     }
@@ -200,11 +200,11 @@ pub async fn put_sst(
 pub async fn gen_test_sstable_impl<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq, F: FilterBuilder>(
     opts: SstableBuilderOptions,
     object_id: HummockSstableObjectId,
-    kv_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (FullKey<B>, HummockValue<B>)>,
+    kv_iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = (FullKey<B>, HummockValue<B>)>,
     range_tombstones: Vec<DeleteRangeTombstone>,
     sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
     policy: CachePolicy,
-) -> (Sstable, SstableInfo) {
+) -> SstableInfo {
     let writer_opts = SstableWriterOptions {
         capacity_hint: None,
         tracker: None,
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub async fn gen_test_sstable_impl<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq, F: Fil
     let mut last_key = FullKey::<B>::default();
     let mut user_key_last_delete = HummockEpoch::MAX;
     for (mut key, value) in kv_iter {
-        let mut is_new_user_key =
+        let is_new_user_key =
             last_key.is_empty() || key.user_key.as_ref() != last_key.user_key.as_ref();
         let epoch = key.epoch;
         if is_new_user_key {
@@ -254,28 +254,16 @@ pub async fn gen_test_sstable_impl<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq, F: Fil
             user_key_last_delete = earliest_delete_epoch;
 
             key.epoch = earliest_delete_epoch;
-            b.add(key.to_ref(), HummockValue::Delete, is_new_user_key)
-                .await
-                .unwrap();
+            b.add(key.to_ref(), HummockValue::Delete).await.unwrap();
             key.epoch = epoch;
-            is_new_user_key = false;
         }
 
-        b.add(key.to_ref(), value.as_slice(), is_new_user_key)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        b.add(key.to_ref(), value.as_slice()).await.unwrap();
     }
     b.add_monotonic_deletes(create_monotonic_events(range_tombstones));
     let output = b.finish().await.unwrap();
     output.writer_output.await.unwrap().unwrap();
-    let table = sstable_store
-        .sstable(
-            &output.sst_info.sst_info,
-            &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-    (table.value().as_ref().clone(), output.sst_info.sst_info)
+    output.sst_info.sst_info
 }
 
 /// Generate a test table from the given `kv_iter` and put the kv value to `sstable_store`
@@ -285,26 +273,30 @@ pub async fn gen_test_sstable<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq>(
     kv_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (FullKey<B>, HummockValue<B>)>,
     sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
 ) -> Sstable {
-    gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
+    let sst_info = gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
         opts,
         object_id,
         kv_iter,
         vec![],
-        sstable_store,
+        sstable_store.clone(),
         CachePolicy::NotFill,
     )
-    .await
-    .0
+    .await;
+    let table = sstable_store
+        .sstable(&sst_info, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    table.value().as_ref().clone()
 }
 
 /// Generate a test table from the given `kv_iter` and put the kv value to `sstable_store`
-pub async fn gen_test_sstable_and_info<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq>(
+pub async fn gen_test_sstable_info<B: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Default + Eq>(
     opts: SstableBuilderOptions,
     object_id: HummockSstableObjectId,
-    kv_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (FullKey<B>, HummockValue<B>)>,
+    kv_iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = (FullKey<B>, HummockValue<B>)>,
     sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
-) -> (Sstable, SstableInfo) {
-    gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
+) -> SstableInfo {
+    gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder>(
         opts,
         object_id,
         kv_iter,
@@ -323,16 +315,20 @@ pub async fn gen_test_sstable_with_range_tombstone(
     range_tombstones: Vec<DeleteRangeTombstone>,
     sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
 ) -> Sstable {
-    gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
+    let sst_info = gen_test_sstable_impl::<_, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
         opts,
         object_id,
         kv_iter,
         range_tombstones,
-        sstable_store,
+        sstable_store.clone(),
         CachePolicy::NotFill,
     )
-    .await
-    .0
+    .await;
+    let table = sstable_store
+        .sstable(&sst_info, &mut StoreLocalStatistic::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    table.value().as_ref().clone()
 }
 
 /// Generates a user key with table id 0 and the given `table_key`
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/compactor_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/compactor_metrics.rs
index 31a36116122a7..d71fd8ac87b7a 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/compactor_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/compactor_metrics.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CompactorMetrics {
     pub compaction_upload_sst_counts: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub compact_fast_runner_bytes: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
     pub compact_write_bytes: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub compact_read_current_level: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub compact_read_next_level: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -211,7 +212,12 @@ impl CompactorMetrics {
             "Total size of compaction files size that have been written to object store from shared buffer",
             registry
         ).unwrap();
-
+        let compact_fast_runner_bytes = register_int_counter_with_registry!(
+            "compactor_fast_compact_bytes",
+            "Total size of compaction files size of fast compactor runner",
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let opts = histogram_opts!(
             "compactor_sstable_distinct_epoch_count",
             "Total number gotten from sstable_distinct_epoch_count, for observing sstable_distinct_epoch_count",
@@ -239,6 +245,7 @@ impl CompactorMetrics {
 
         Self {
             compaction_upload_sst_counts,
+            compact_fast_runner_bytes,
             compact_write_bytes,
             compact_read_current_level,
             compact_read_next_level,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/opts.rs b/src/storage/src/opts.rs
index 22dac37c3a3f0..a26bd6b96467a 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/opts.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/opts.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ pub struct StorageOpts {
     pub compactor_max_sst_key_count: u64,
     pub compactor_max_task_multiplier: f32,
     pub compactor_max_sst_size: u64,
+    /// enable FastCompactorRunner.
+    pub enable_fast_compaction: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for StorageOpts {
@@ -213,6 +215,7 @@ impl From<(&RwConfig, &SystemParamsReader, &StorageMemoryConfig)> for StorageOpt
             compactor_max_sst_key_count: c.storage.compactor_max_sst_key_count,
             compactor_max_task_multiplier: c.storage.compactor_max_task_multiplier,
             compactor_max_sst_size: c.storage.compactor_max_sst_size,
+            enable_fast_compaction: c.storage.enable_fast_compaction,
         }
     }
 }

From a7b7688361c977039156493a7611ccd4a95e7bc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 14:35:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 148/430] test(connector): introduce inline e2e test for CDC
 table schema change (#12344)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 15 ++-
 Makefile.toml                                 |  2 +-
 ci/Dockerfile                                 |  2 +-
 ci/build-ci-image.sh                          |  2 +-
 ci/docker-compose.yml                         | 10 +-
 ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh                 | 11 ++-
 .../cdc_inline/alter/postgres_alter.slt       | 92 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml               |  2 +-
 src/tests/simulation/src/client.rs            |  6 ++
 9 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/source/cdc_inline/alter/postgres_alter.slt

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 2422aee5f9131..4f8157bef3a8b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8624,9 +8624,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqllogictest"
-version = "0.15.3"
+version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee18b0100bc1e1a6d1f9aa242b263c34d3f475f3a2de49da2affa6c00223a2ec"
+checksum = "c711f88532f6c84d912ecd2ae9d8bdf48c4780ee88d257e0301dbfb151a1b033"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "educe",
@@ -8640,6 +8640,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "owo-colors",
  "regex",
  "similar",
+ "subst",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
  "tracing",
@@ -8953,6 +8954,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "subst"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca1318e5d6716d6541696727c88d9b8dfc8cfe6afd6908e186546fd4af7f5b98"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "subtle"
 version = "2.5.0"
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index d2dfae88e6962..3f10deb424465 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ echo "All processes has exited."
 
 [tasks.slt]
 category = "RiseDev - SQLLogicTest"
-install_crate = { version = "0.15.3", crate_name = "sqllogictest-bin", binary = "sqllogictest", test_arg = [
+install_crate = { version = "0.17.0", crate_name = "sqllogictest-bin", binary = "sqllogictest", test_arg = [
   "--help",
 ], install_command = "binstall" }
 command = "sqllogictest"
diff --git a/ci/Dockerfile b/ci/Dockerfile
index 4b0663bc7f529..7b2a13b38a5ce 100644
--- a/ci/Dockerfile
+++ b/ci/Dockerfile
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ENV CARGO_REGISTRIES_CRATES_IO_PROTOCOL=sparse
 RUN curl -L --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cargo-bins/cargo-binstall/main/install-from-binstall-release.sh | bash
 RUN cargo binstall -y --no-symlinks cargo-llvm-cov cargo-nextest cargo-hakari cargo-sort cargo-cache cargo-audit \
     cargo-make@0.36.10 \
-    sqllogictest-bin@0.15.3 \
+    sqllogictest-bin@0.17.0 \
     && cargo install sccache \
     && cargo cache -a \
     && rm -rf "/root/.cargo/registry/index" \
diff --git a/ci/build-ci-image.sh b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
index 078fd419bd541..43ff81ade2b85 100755
--- a/ci/build-ci-image.sh
+++ b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cat ../rust-toolchain
 # !!! CHANGE THIS WHEN YOU WANT TO BUMP CI IMAGE !!! #
 #          AND ALSO docker-compose.yml               #
 ######################################################
-export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20230914
+export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20230919
 
 export BUILD_TAG="public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:${BUILD_ENV_VERSION}"
 
diff --git a/ci/docker-compose.yml b/ci/docker-compose.yml
index 4f5da42df5405..ddef3984d3bd4 100644
--- a/ci/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/ci/docker-compose.yml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ services:
       retries: 5
 
   source-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   sink-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   rw-build-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
     volumes:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   ci-flamegraph-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
     # NOTE(kwannoel): This is used in order to permit
     # syscalls for `nperf` (perf_event_open),
     # so it can do CPU profiling.
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   regress-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230914
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
     depends_on:
       db:
         condition: service_healthy
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
index 246e92c391776..59618d24641aa 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ echo "--- e2e, ci-1cn-1fe, mysql & postgres cdc"
 mysql --host=mysql --port=3306 -u root -p123456 < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql
 
 # import data to postgres
-export PGPASSWORD='postgres';
-createdb -h db -U postgres cdc_test
-psql -h db -U postgres -d cdc_test < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/postgres_cdc.sql
+export PGHOST=db PGUSER=postgres PGPASSWORD=postgres PGDATABASE=cdc_test
+createdb
+psql < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/postgres_cdc.sql
 
 node_port=50051
 node_timeout=10
@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ cargo make ci-start ci-1cn-1fe-with-recovery
 echo "waiting for connector node to start"
 wait_for_connector_node_start
 
+echo "--- inline cdc test"
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/source/cdc_inline/**/*.slt'
+
 echo "--- mysql & postgres cdc validate test"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.mysql.slt'
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/source/cdc/cdc.validate.postgres.slt'
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ echo "cluster killed "
 
 # insert new rows
 mysql --host=mysql --port=3306 -u root -p123456 < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc_insert.sql
-psql -h db -U postgres -d cdc_test < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/postgres_cdc_insert.sql
+psql < ./e2e_test/source/cdc/postgres_cdc_insert.sql
 echo "inserted new rows into mysql and postgres"
 
 # start cluster w/o clean-data
diff --git a/e2e_test/source/cdc_inline/alter/postgres_alter.slt b/e2e_test/source/cdc_inline/alter/postgres_alter.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..807b6a152af54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/source/cdc_inline/alter/postgres_alter.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+control substitution on
+
+system ok
+psql -c "
+CREATE TABLE alter_test (k BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, v CHARACTER VARYING);
+INSERT INTO alter_test VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b');
+"
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE alter_test (k BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, v CHARACTER VARYING)
+WITH (
+    connector = 'postgres-cdc',
+    hostname = '${PGHOST:localhost}',
+    port = '${PGPORT:5432}',
+    username = '${PGUSER:$USER}',
+    password = '${PGPASSWORD:}',
+    database.name = '${PGDATABASE:postgres}',
+    schema.name = 'public',
+    table.name = 'alter_test',
+    slot.name = 'alter_test'
+)
+
+sleep 5s
+
+query IT
+SELECT * FROM alter_test ORDER BY k
+----
+1 a
+2 b
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE alter_test ADD COLUMN v2 CHARACTER VARYING
+
+system ok
+psql -c "
+INSERT INTO alter_test VALUES (3, 'c');
+"
+
+# FIXME: after schema change in RisingWave, why does it take so long to get the new data?
+sleep 20s
+
+query ITT
+SELECT * FROM alter_test ORDER BY k
+----
+1 a NULL
+2 b NULL
+3 c NULL
+
+system ok
+psql -c "
+ALTER TABLE alter_test ADD COLUMN v2 CHARACTER VARYING;
+INSERT INTO alter_test VALUES (4, 'd', 'dd');
+"
+
+sleep 5s
+
+query ITT
+SELECT * FROM alter_test ORDER BY k
+----
+1 a NULL
+2 b NULL
+3 c NULL
+4 d dd
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE alter_test DROP COLUMN v
+
+system ok
+psql -c "
+ALTER TABLE alter_test DROP COLUMN v;
+INSERT INTO alter_test VALUES (5, 'ee');
+"
+
+# FIXME: after schema change in RisingWave, why does it take so long to get the new data?
+sleep 20s
+
+query IT
+SELECT * FROM alter_test ORDER BY k
+----
+1 NULL
+2 NULL
+3 NULL
+4 dd
+5 ee
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE alter_test
+
+system ok
+psql -c "
+DROP TABLE alter_test;
+"
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 127d40855652d..26fce12ce37b4 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ risingwave_sqlsmith = { workspace = true }
 serde = "1.0.188"
 serde_derive = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.107"
-sqllogictest = "0.15.3"
+sqllogictest = "0.17.0"
 tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/src/client.rs b/src/tests/simulation/src/client.rs
index 089d67bceeeab..bed58d99e3f29 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/src/client.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/src/client.rs
@@ -223,4 +223,10 @@ impl sqllogictest::AsyncDB for RisingWave {
     async fn sleep(dur: Duration) {
         tokio::time::sleep(dur).await
     }
+
+    async fn run_command(
+        _command: std::process::Command,
+    ) -> std::io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
+        unimplemented!("spawning process is not supported in simulation mode")
+    }
 }

From f075a6b98cd6e27e4fa26cdf2dc1bacc5e93a395 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 15:29:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 149/430] fix(dashboard): calculate
 lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms in promsql  (#12431)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json   |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py  |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json          |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs            | 18 ++++++++----------
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs    | 10 +++++-----
 5 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 653cfebe23740..95e250ab29d43 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 4958fe32b113c..61e62ee81db31 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -3216,7 +3216,7 @@ def section_memory_manager(outer_panels):
                     "",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"{metric('lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms')}",
+                            f"{metric('lru_current_watermark_time_ms')} - on() group_right() {metric('lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms')}",
                             "table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} desc: {{desc}}",
                         ),
                     ],
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 653cfebe23740..95e250ab29d43 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs b/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
index d686fbdd0f0ad..0608e429f4bb7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/cache/managed_lru.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub struct ManagedLruCache<K, V, S = DefaultHasher, A: Clone + Allocator = Globa
     /// The metrics of memory usage
     memory_usage_metrics: IntGauge,
     // The metrics of evicted watermark time
-    lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms: IntGauge,
+    lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms: IntGauge,
     // Metrics info
     metrics_info: MetricsInfo,
     /// The size reported last time
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ impl<K, V, S, A: Clone + Allocator> Drop for ManagedLruCache<K, V, S, A> {
         };
         if let Err(e) = info
             .metrics
-            .lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms
+            .lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms
             .remove_label_values(&[&info.table_id, &info.actor_id, &info.desc])
         {
             warn!(
-                "unable to remove lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms of {} {} {}: {:?}",
+                "unable to remove lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms of {} {} {}: {:?}",
                 info.table_id, info.actor_id, info.desc, e
             );
         }
@@ -94,22 +94,21 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize, S: BuildHasher, A: Clone + Al
             ]);
         memory_usage_metrics.set(0.into());
 
-        let lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms = metrics_info
+        let lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms = metrics_info
             .metrics
-            .lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms
+            .lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms
             .with_label_values(&[
                 &metrics_info.table_id,
                 &metrics_info.actor_id,
                 &metrics_info.desc,
             ]);
-        lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms.set(watermark_epoch.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as _);
 
         Self {
             inner,
             watermark_epoch,
             kv_heap_size: 0,
             memory_usage_metrics,
-            lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms,
+            lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms,
             metrics_info,
             last_reported_size_bytes: 0,
         }
@@ -244,9 +243,8 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize, S: BuildHasher, A: Clone + Al
     }
 
     fn report_evicted_watermark_time(&self, epoch: u64) {
-        self.lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms.set(
-            (Epoch(self.load_cur_epoch()).physical_time() - Epoch(epoch).physical_time()) as _,
-        );
+        self.lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms
+            .set(Epoch(epoch).physical_time() as _);
     }
 
     fn load_cur_epoch(&self) -> u64 {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 0a5fbd6334556..52c8487433c1b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub lru_physical_now_ms: IntGauge,
     pub lru_runtime_loop_count: IntCounter,
     pub lru_watermark_step: IntGauge,
-    pub lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub jemalloc_allocated_bytes: IntGauge,
     pub jemalloc_active_bytes: IntGauge,
 
@@ -725,9 +725,9 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms",
-            "The diff between current watermark and latest evicted watermark time by actors",
+        let lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms",
+            "The latest evicted watermark time by actors",
             &["table_id", "actor_id", "desc"],
             registry
         )
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             lru_physical_now_ms,
             lru_runtime_loop_count,
             lru_watermark_step,
-            lru_evicted_watermark_time_diff_ms,
+            lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms,
             jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
             jemalloc_active_bytes,
             user_compute_error_count,

From a12611d81b98ef437b632792057705e4bdfd5f74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 18:59:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 150/430] refactor(connector): replace validate sink rpc with
 jni (#12312)

---
 ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh                   |  3 +
 .../connector/JniSinkValidationHandler.java   | 80 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs               |  4 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs          |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  6 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs                |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs               |  3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              | 64 +++++++++++----
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            |  2 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs                   |  8 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     |  5 +-
 15 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkValidationHandler.java

diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
index e1b700ee0d173..2dc02f0eada7a 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 source ci/scripts/common.sh
 
+# prepare environment
+export CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH="./connector-node/libs"
+
 while getopts 'p:' opt; do
     case ${opt} in
         p )
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkValidationHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkValidationHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3adfa42658704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkValidationHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector;
+
+import static com.risingwave.connector.SinkUtils.getConnectorName;
+
+import com.risingwave.connector.api.TableSchema;
+import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.SinkFactory;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSinkValidationHandler {
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SinkValidationHandler.class);
+
+    public static byte[] validate(byte[] validateSinkRequestBytes)
+            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        try {
+            var request =
+                    ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSinkRequest.parseFrom(validateSinkRequestBytes);
+
+            // For jni.rs
+            java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
+                    .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
+
+            ConnectorServiceProto.SinkParam sinkParam = request.getSinkParam();
+            TableSchema tableSchema = TableSchema.fromProto(sinkParam.getTableSchema());
+            String connectorName = getConnectorName(request.getSinkParam());
+            SinkFactory sinkFactory = SinkUtils.getSinkFactory(connectorName);
+            sinkFactory.validate(
+                    tableSchema, sinkParam.getPropertiesMap(), sinkParam.getSinkType());
+
+            return ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSinkResponse.newBuilder().build().toByteArray();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            LOG.error("sink validation failed", e);
+            // Extract useful information from the error thrown by Jackson and convert it into a
+            // more concise message.
+            String errorMessage = e.getLocalizedMessage();
+            Pattern missingFieldPattern = Pattern.compile("Missing creator property '([^']*)'");
+            Pattern unrecognizedFieldPattern = Pattern.compile("Unrecognized field \"([^\"]*)\"");
+            Matcher missingFieldMatcher = missingFieldPattern.matcher(errorMessage);
+            Matcher unrecognizedFieldMatcher = unrecognizedFieldPattern.matcher(errorMessage);
+            if (missingFieldMatcher.find()) {
+                errorMessage = "missing field `" + missingFieldMatcher.group(1) + "`";
+            } else if (unrecognizedFieldMatcher.find()) {
+                errorMessage = "unknown field `" + unrecognizedFieldMatcher.group(1) + "`";
+            }
+            return ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSinkResponse.newBuilder()
+                    .setError(
+                            ConnectorServiceProto.ValidationError.newBuilder()
+                                    .setErrorMessage(errorMessage)
+                                    .build())
+                    .build()
+                    .toByteArray();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("sink validation failed", e);
+            return ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSinkResponse.newBuilder()
+                    .setError(
+                            ConnectorServiceProto.ValidationError.newBuilder()
+                                    .setErrorMessage(e.getMessage())
+                                    .build())
+                    .build()
+                    .toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
index 0a7082961a00e..d966b1b6dea0f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ impl Sink for BoxSink {
     type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
     type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> crate::sink::Result<()> {
-        self.deref().validate(client).await
+    async fn validate(&self) -> crate::sink::Result<()> {
+        self.deref().validate().await
     }
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::Writer> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index 841b7fd0c6340..1e2e521066600 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl, Serial};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde::ser::{SerializeSeq, SerializeStruct};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = ClickHouseSinkWriter;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert clickhouse sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index db5b899c687c9..41aded5ba26cf 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
     type Coordinator = IcebergSinkCommitter;
     type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<IcebergWriter>;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let _ = self.create_table().await?;
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index ec5192666916c..46bed8fb0be1a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ use rdkafka::types::RDKafkaErrorCode;
 use rdkafka::ClientConfig;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
         ))
     }
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 2789b63aae23c..bf52e5dcf5594 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use aws_sdk_kinesis::primitives::Blob;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::Client as KinesisClient;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = KinesisSinkWriter;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 988f316d178c9..5aee898f7f284 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ pub trait Sink {
     type Writer: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>;
     type Coordinator: SinkCommitCoordinator;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()>;
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()>;
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer>;
     async fn new_coordinator(
         &self,
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ impl Sink for BlackHoleSink {
         Ok(Self)
     }
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -519,6 +519,8 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     Nats(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("Pulsar error: {0}")]
     Pulsar(anyhow::Error),
+    #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
+    Internal(anyhow::Error),
 }
 
 impl From<RpcError> for SinkError {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
index c2408acbdab9d..e04235b6f586e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use async_nats::jetstream::context::Context;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ impl Sink for NatsSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = NatsSinkWriter;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.is_append_only {
             return Err(SinkError::Nats(anyhow!(
                 "Nats sink only support append-only mode"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index 306fc2046b719..d1cbc0b5a527c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use pulsar::producer::{Message, SendFuture};
 use pulsar::{Producer, ProducerOptions, Pulsar, TokioExecutor};
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
         .await
     }
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Pulsar sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.downstream_pk.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
index e5afa88c38b2f..f7957335aa1e3 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 
 use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ impl Sink for RedisSink {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    async fn validate(&self, _client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 83ec62e0d7649..004f8ac46d128 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -14,21 +14,26 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use jni::objects::{JByteArray, JValue, JValueOwned};
 use prost::Message;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::JVM;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::json_payload::RowOp;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::{
     JsonPayload, Payload, StreamChunkPayload,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_response::CommitResponse;
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat};
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
+    SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat, ValidateSinkRequest, ValidateSinkResponse,
+};
 #[cfg(test)]
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle, SinkWriterStreamHandle};
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ impl Sink for RemoteSink {
         .await?)
     }
 
-    async fn validate(&self, client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // FIXME: support struct and array in stream sink
         self.param.columns.iter().map(|col| {
             if matches!(
@@ -144,17 +149,48 @@ impl Sink for RemoteSink {
             }
         }).try_collect()?;
 
-        let client = client.ok_or_else(|| {
-            SinkError::Remote(anyhow_error!(
-                "connector node endpoint not specified or unable to connect to connector node"
-            ))
-        })?;
+        let mut env = JVM
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?
+            .attach_current_thread()
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
+        let validate_sink_request = ValidateSinkRequest {
+            sink_param: Some(self.param.to_proto()),
+        };
+        let validate_sink_request_bytes = env
+            .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&validate_sink_request))
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
+
+        let response = env
+            .call_static_method(
+                "com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkValidationHandler",
+                "validate",
+                "([B)[B",
+                &[JValue::Object(&validate_sink_request_bytes)],
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
 
-        // We validate a remote sink's accessibility as well as the pk.
-        client
-            .validate_sink_properties(self.param.to_proto())
-            .await
-            .map_err(SinkError::from)
+        let validate_sink_response_bytes = match response {
+            JValueOwned::Object(o) => unsafe { JByteArray::from_raw(o.into_raw()) },
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        let validate_sink_response: ValidateSinkResponse = Message::decode(
+            risingwave_jni_core::to_guarded_slice(&validate_sink_response_bytes, &mut env)
+                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?
+                .deref(),
+        )
+        .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
+
+        validate_sink_response.error.map_or_else(
+            || Ok(()), // If there is no error message, return Ok here.
+            |err| {
+                Err(SinkError::Remote(anyhow!(format!(
+                    "sink cannot pass validation: {}",
+                    err.error_message
+                ))))
+            },
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -166,8 +202,8 @@ impl Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink {
     type Coordinator = RemoteCoordinator;
     type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter>;
 
-    async fn validate(&self, client: Option<ConnectorClient>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.validate(client).await
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.0.validate().await
     }
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index 42b46da61c604..d4b324ea6ddc6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ impl DdlController {
                 }
                 StreamingJob::Sink(ref sink) => {
                     // Validate the sink on the connector node.
-                    validate_sink(sink, self.env.connector_client()).await?;
+                    validate_sink(sink).await?;
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
index 3f46b781bd6b7..4717a1ffdfe95 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
@@ -16,18 +16,14 @@ use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkCatalog;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{build_sink, Sink, SinkParam};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSink;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 
 use crate::MetaResult;
 
-pub async fn validate_sink(
-    prost_sink_catalog: &PbSink,
-    connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-) -> MetaResult<()> {
+pub async fn validate_sink(prost_sink_catalog: &PbSink) -> MetaResult<()> {
     let sink_catalog = SinkCatalog::from(prost_sink_catalog);
     let param = SinkParam::from(sink_catalog);
 
     let sink = build_sink(param)?;
 
-    dispatch_sink!(sink, sink, { Ok(sink.validate(connector_client).await?) })
+    dispatch_sink!(sink, sink, { Ok(sink.validate().await?) })
 }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index a12bc3643b542..c0f9f7253f373 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -75,10 +75,7 @@ impl Sink for TestSink {
     type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
     type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
 
-    async fn validate(
-        &self,
-        _client: Option<risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> risingwave_connector::sink::Result<()> {
+    async fn validate(&self) -> risingwave_connector::sink::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 

From d8ec952fffa840e55a9c4a10c2f49e413f97e4eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xinhao Xu <84456268+xxhZs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 20:24:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 151/430] feat(sink): support doris sink (#12336)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   2 +
 integration_tests/doris-sink/README.md        |  64 +++
 .../doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_mv.sql  |   7 +
 .../append-only-sql/create_sink.sql           |  12 +
 .../append-only-sql/create_source.sql         |  18 +
 .../doris-sink/docker-compose.yml             | 104 +++++
 .../doris-sink/upsert/create_mv.sql           |   7 +
 .../doris-sink/upsert/create_sink.sql         |  12 +
 .../doris-sink/upsert/create_table.sql        |  10 +
 .../upsert/insert_update_delete.sql           |   8 +
 src/common/src/types/decimal.rs               |   6 +
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   4 +-
 src/connector/src/common.rs                   |  27 ++
 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs               | 357 +++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/doris_connector.rs     | 423 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs        | 186 ++++++--
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs         |   8 +
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |   2 -
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  21 +
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs               |  22 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   2 +-
 21 files changed, 1270 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/README.md
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_mv.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_sink.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_source.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/docker-compose.yml
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_mv.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_sink.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_table.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/insert_update_delete.sql
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/doris_connector.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4f8157bef3a8b..3cbeb7ef0c52b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6894,9 +6894,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-async-stream",
  "glob",
  "google-cloud-pubsub",
+ "http",
  "hyper",
  "hyper-tls",
  "icelake",
+ "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "jni",
  "jsonschema-transpiler",
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/README.md b/integration_tests/doris-sink/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..add7db0a0aaa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Demo: Sinking to Doris
+
+In this demo, we want to showcase how RisingWave is able to sink data to Doris.
+
+1. Modify max_map_count
+
+```sh
+sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=2000000
+```
+
+If, after running these commands, Docker still encounters Doris startup errors, please refer to: https://doris.apache.org/docs/dev/install/construct-docker/run-docker-cluster
+
+
+2. Launch the cluster:
+
+```sh
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+The cluster contains a RisingWave cluster and its necessary dependencies, a datagen that generates the data, a Doris fe and be for sink.
+
+3. Create the Doris table via mysql:
+
+Login to mysql
+```sh
+docker compose exec fe mysql -uroot -P9030 -h127.0.0.1
+```
+
+Run the following queries to create database and table.
+```sql
+CREATE database demo;
+use demo;
+CREATE table demo_bhv_table(
+    user_id int,
+    target_id text,
+    event_timestamp datetime
+) UNIQUE KEY(`user_id`)
+DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`user_id`) BUCKETS 1
+PROPERTIES (
+    "replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1"
+);
+CREATE USER 'users'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
+GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'users'@'%';
+```
+
+4. Execute the SQL queries in sequence:
+
+- append-only sql:
+    - append-only/create_source.sql
+    - append-only/create_mv.sql
+    - append-only/create_sink.sql
+
+- upsert sql:
+    - upsert/create_table.sql
+    - upsert/create_mv.sql
+    - upsert/create_sink.sql
+    - upsert/insert_update_delete.sql
+
+We only support `upsert` with doris' `UNIQUE KEY`
+
+Run the following query
+```sql
+select user_id, count(*) from demo.demo_bhv_table group by user_id;
+```
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_mv.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a803f8a2762d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_mv.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW bhv_mv AS
+SELECT
+    user_id,
+    target_id,
+    event_timestamp
+FROM
+    user_behaviors;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_sink.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_sink.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fa0cfddf7bf16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_sink.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+CREATE SINK bhv_doris_sink
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    connector = 'doris',
+    type = 'append-only',
+    doris.url = 'http://fe:8030',
+    doris.user = 'users',
+    doris.password = '123456',
+    doris.database = 'demo',
+    doris.table='demo_bhv_table',
+    force_append_only='true'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_source.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_source.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c28c10f3616da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/append-only-sql/create_source.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+CREATE table user_behaviors (
+    user_id int,
+    target_id VARCHAR,
+    target_type VARCHAR,
+    event_timestamp TIMESTAMP,
+    behavior_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_id VARCHAR,
+    PRIMARY KEY(user_id)
+) WITH (
+    connector = 'datagen',
+    fields.user_id.kind = 'sequence',
+    fields.user_id.start = '1',
+    fields.user_id.end = '1000',
+    fields.user_name.kind = 'random',
+    fields.user_name.length = '10',
+    datagen.rows.per.second = '10'
+) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/docker-compose.yml b/integration_tests/doris-sink/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..697a6ac1880ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+version: "3"
+services:
+  fe:
+    image: apache/doris:2.0.0_alpha-fe-x86_64
+    hostname: fe
+    environment:
+     - FE_SERVERS=fe1:172.21.0.2:9010
+     - FE_ID=1
+    ports:
+      - "8030:8030"
+      - "9030:9030"
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.2
+  be:
+    image: apache/doris:2.0.0_alpha-be-x86_64
+    hostname: be
+    environment:
+     - FE_SERVERS=fe1:172.21.0.2:9010
+     - BE_ADDR=172.21.0.3:9050
+    depends_on:
+      - fe
+    ports:
+      - "9050:9050"
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.3
+  compactor-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compactor-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.4
+  compute-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compute-node-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.5
+  etcd-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: etcd-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.6
+  frontend-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: frontend-node-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.7
+  grafana-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: grafana-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.8
+  meta-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: meta-node-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.9
+  minio-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: minio-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.10
+  prometheus-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: prometheus-0
+    networks:
+      mynetwork:
+        ipv4_address: 172.21.0.11
+volumes:
+  compute-node-0:
+    external: false
+  etcd-0:
+    external: false
+  grafana-0:
+    external: false
+  minio-0:
+    external: false
+  prometheus-0:
+    external: false
+  message_queue:
+    external: false
+name: risingwave-compose
+networks:
+  mynetwork:
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 172.21.80.0/16
+  default:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_mv.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a803f8a2762d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_mv.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW bhv_mv AS
+SELECT
+    user_id,
+    target_id,
+    event_timestamp
+FROM
+    user_behaviors;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_sink.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_sink.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e7bd5445ba557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_sink.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+CREATE SINK bhv_doris_sink
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    connector = 'doris',
+    type = 'upsert',
+    doris.url = 'http://fe:8030',
+    doris.user = 'users',
+    doris.password = '123456',
+    doris.database = 'demo',
+    doris.table='demo_bhv_table',
+    primary_key = 'user_id'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_table.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_table.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6c98f88a0b510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/create_table.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CREATE table user_behaviors (
+    user_id int,
+    target_id VARCHAR,
+    target_type VARCHAR,
+    event_timestamp TIMESTAMP,
+    behavior_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_id VARCHAR,
+    PRIMARY KEY(user_id)
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/insert_update_delete.sql b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/insert_update_delete.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73d5cda442258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/doris-sink/upsert/insert_update_delete.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+INSERT INTO user_behaviors VALUES(1,'1','1','2020-01-01 01:01:01','1','1','1'),
+(2,'2','2','2020-01-01 01:01:02','2','2','2'),
+(3,'3','3','2020-01-01 01:01:03','3','3','3'),
+(4,'4','4','2020-01-01 01:01:04','4','4','4');
+
+DELETE FROM user_behaviors WHERE user_id = 2;
+
+UPDATE user_behaviors SET target_id = 30 WHERE user_id = 3;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/decimal.rs b/src/common/src/types/decimal.rs
index 0d4c1ab30ac00..3b63da076748d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/decimal.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/decimal.rs
@@ -416,6 +416,12 @@ impl Decimal {
         Some(d.scale() as _)
     }
 
+    pub fn rescale(&mut self, scale: u32) {
+        if let Normalized(a) = self {
+            a.rescale(scale);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn round_dp_ties_away(&self, dp: u32) -> Self {
         match self {
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index c8cb5a0204fa9..bca5acedbba40 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 glob = "0.3"
 google-cloud-pubsub = "0.20"
-hyper = "0.14"
+http = "0.2"
+hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["client", "tcp", "http1", "http2", "stream"] }
 hyper-tls = "0.5"
 icelake = { workspace = true }
+indexmap ={ version = "1.9.3", features = ["serde"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
 jsonschema-transpiler = { git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/common.rs b/src/connector/src/common.rs
index a0be76d7a837c..2031cd8eb0b55 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/common.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use url::Url;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
 use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
+use crate::sink::doris_connector::DorisGet;
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
 use crate::source::nats::source::NatsOffset;
 // The file describes the common abstractions for each connector and can be used in both source and
@@ -439,6 +440,32 @@ impl ClickHouseCommon {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DorisCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.url")]
+    pub url: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.user")]
+    pub user: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.password")]
+    pub password: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.database")]
+    pub database: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.table")]
+    pub table: String,
+}
+
+impl DorisCommon {
+    pub(crate) fn build_get_client(&self) -> DorisGet {
+        DorisGet::new(
+            self.url.clone(),
+            self.table.clone(),
+            self.database.clone(),
+            self.user.clone(),
+            self.password.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct UpsertMessage<'a> {
     #[serde(borrow)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c19365fcc51c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+
+use super::doris_connector::{DorisField, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_DELETE_SIGN};
+use super::utils::doris_rows_to_json;
+use super::{SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
+use crate::common::DorisCommon;
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+
+pub const DORIS_SINK: &str = "doris";
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DorisConfig {
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub common: DorisCommon,
+
+    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
+}
+impl DorisConfig {
+    pub fn from_hashmap(properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let config =
+            serde_json::from_value::<DorisConfig>(serde_json::to_value(properties).unwrap())
+                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
+        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "`{}` must be {}, or {}",
+                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DorisSink {
+    pub config: DorisConfig,
+    schema: Schema,
+    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+}
+
+impl DorisSink {
+    pub fn new(
+        config: DorisConfig,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            config,
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            is_append_only,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl DorisSink {
+    fn check_column_name_and_type(&self, doris_column_fields: Vec<DorisField>) -> Result<()> {
+        let doris_columns_desc: HashMap<String, String> = doris_column_fields
+            .iter()
+            .map(|s| (s.name.clone(), s.r#type.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let rw_fields_name = self.schema.fields();
+        if rw_fields_name.len().ne(&doris_columns_desc.len()) {
+            return Err(SinkError::Doris("The length of the RisingWave column must be equal to the length of the doris column".to_string()));
+        }
+
+        for i in rw_fields_name {
+            let value = doris_columns_desc.get(&i.name).ok_or_else(|| {
+                SinkError::Doris(format!(
+                    "Column name don't find in doris, risingwave is {:?} ",
+                    i.name
+                ))
+            })?;
+            if !Self::check_and_correct_column_type(&i.data_type, value.to_string())? {
+                return Err(SinkError::Doris(format!(
+                    "Column type don't match, column name is {:?}. doris type is {:?} risingwave type is {:?} ",i.name,value,i.data_type
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn check_and_correct_column_type(
+        rw_data_type: &DataType,
+        doris_data_type: String,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        match rw_data_type {
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Boolean => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("BOOLEAN")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int16 => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("SMALLINT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int32 => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("INT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64 => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("BIGINT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float32 => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("FLOAT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Float64 => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("DOUBLE")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Decimal => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("DECIMAL")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Date => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("DATE")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Varchar => {
+                Ok(doris_data_type.contains("STRING") | doris_data_type.contains("VARCHAR"))
+            }
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Time => {
+                Err(SinkError::Doris("doris can not support Time".to_string()))
+            }
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamp => {
+                Ok(doris_data_type.contains("DATETIME"))
+            }
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Timestamptz => Err(SinkError::Doris(
+                "doris can not support Timestamptz".to_string(),
+            )),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Interval => Err(SinkError::Doris(
+                "doris can not support Interval".to_string(),
+            )),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Struct(_) => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("STRUCT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::List(_) => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("ARRAY")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Bytea => {
+                Err(SinkError::Doris("doris can not support Bytea".to_string()))
+            }
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Jsonb => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("JSONB")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Serial => Ok(doris_data_type.contains("BIGINT")),
+            risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int256 => {
+                Err(SinkError::Doris("doris can not support Int256".to_string()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Sink for DorisSink {
+    type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
+    type Writer = DorisSinkWriter;
+
+    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+        Ok(DorisSinkWriter::new(
+            self.config.clone(),
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.pk_indices.clone(),
+            self.is_append_only,
+        )
+        .await?)
+    }
+
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "Primary key not defined for upsert doris sink (please define in `primary_key` field)")));
+        }
+        // check reachability
+        let client = self.config.common.build_get_client();
+        let doris_schema = client.get_schema_from_doris().await?;
+
+        if !self.is_append_only && doris_schema.keys_type.ne("UNIQUE_KEYS") {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "If you want to use upsert, please set the keysType of doris to UNIQUE_KEYS"
+            )));
+        }
+        self.check_column_name_and_type(doris_schema.properties)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DorisSinkWriter {
+    pub config: DorisConfig,
+    schema: Schema,
+    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    client: DorisInsertClient,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+    insert: Option<DorisInsert>,
+    decimal_map: HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
+}
+
+impl DorisSinkWriter {
+    pub async fn new(
+        config: DorisConfig,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut decimal_map = HashMap::default();
+        let doris_schema = config
+            .common
+            .build_get_client()
+            .get_schema_from_doris()
+            .await?;
+        doris_schema.properties.iter().for_each(|s| {
+            if let Some(v) = s.get_decimal_pre_scale() {
+                decimal_map.insert(s.name.clone(), v);
+            }
+        });
+        let mut map = HashMap::new();
+        map.insert("format".to_string(), "json".to_string());
+        map.insert("read_json_by_line".to_string(), "true".to_string());
+        let doris_insert_client = DorisInsertClient::new(
+            config.common.url.clone(),
+            config.common.database.clone(),
+            config.common.table.clone(),
+        )
+        .add_common_header()
+        .set_user_password(config.common.user.clone(), config.common.password.clone())
+        .set_properties(map);
+        let mut doris_insert_client = if !is_append_only {
+            doris_insert_client.add_hidden_column()
+        } else {
+            doris_insert_client
+        };
+        let insert = Some(doris_insert_client.build().await?);
+        Ok(Self {
+            config,
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            client: doris_insert_client,
+            is_append_only,
+            insert,
+            decimal_map,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+            if op != Op::Insert {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let row_json_string =
+                Value::Object(doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?)
+                    .to_string();
+            self.insert
+                .as_mut()
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris sink insert".to_string()))?
+                .write(row_json_string.into())
+                .await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+            match op {
+                Op::Insert => {
+                    let mut row_json_value =
+                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    row_json_value.insert(
+                        DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
+                        Value::String("0".to_string()),
+                    );
+                    let row_json_string = serde_json::to_string(&row_json_value)
+                        .map_err(|e| SinkError::Doris(format!("Json derialize error {:?}", e)))?;
+                    self.insert
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris sink insert".to_string())
+                        })?
+                        .write(row_json_string.into())
+                        .await?;
+                }
+                Op::Delete => {
+                    let mut row_json_value =
+                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    row_json_value.insert(
+                        DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
+                        Value::String("1".to_string()),
+                    );
+                    let row_json_string = serde_json::to_string(&row_json_value)
+                        .map_err(|e| SinkError::Doris(format!("Json derialize error {:?}", e)))?;
+                    self.insert
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris sink insert".to_string())
+                        })?
+                        .write(row_json_string.into())
+                        .await?;
+                }
+                Op::UpdateDelete => {}
+                Op::UpdateInsert => {
+                    let mut row_json_value =
+                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    row_json_value.insert(
+                        DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
+                        Value::String("0".to_string()),
+                    );
+                    let row_json_string = serde_json::to_string(&row_json_value)
+                        .map_err(|e| SinkError::Doris(format!("Json derialize error {:?}", e)))?;
+                    self.insert
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris sink insert".to_string())
+                        })?
+                        .write(row_json_string.into())
+                        .await?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SinkWriter for DorisSinkWriter {
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.insert.is_none() {
+            self.insert = Some(self.client.build().await?);
+        }
+        if self.is_append_only {
+            self.append_only(chunk).await
+        } else {
+            self.upsert(chunk).await
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, _is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.insert.is_some() {
+            let insert = self
+                .insert
+                .take()
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris inserter".to_string()))?;
+            insert.finish().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_vnode_bitmap(&mut self, _vnode_bitmap: Arc<Bitmap>) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris_connector.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris_connector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..116cd91d86542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris_connector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use core::mem;
+use core::time::Duration;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use base64::engine::general_purpose;
+use base64::Engine;
+use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use http::request::Builder;
+use hyper::body::{Body, Sender};
+use hyper::client::HttpConnector;
+use hyper::{body, Client, Request, StatusCode};
+use hyper_tls::HttpsConnector;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+use super::{Result, SinkError};
+
+const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
+const MIN_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = BUFFER_SIZE - 1024;
+const DORIS_SUCCESS_STATUS: [&str; 2] = ["Success", "Publish Timeout"];
+pub(crate) const DORIS_DELETE_SIGN: &str = "__DORIS_DELETE_SIGN__";
+const SEND_CHUNK_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+const WAIT_HANDDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+const POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+pub struct DorisInsertClient {
+    url: String,
+    header: HashMap<String, String>,
+    sender: Option<Sender>,
+}
+impl DorisInsertClient {
+    pub fn new(url: String, db: String, table: String) -> Self {
+        let url = format!("{}/api/{}/{}/_stream_load", url, db, table);
+        Self {
+            url,
+            header: HashMap::default(),
+            sender: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_url(mut self, url: String) -> Self {
+        self.url = url;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_common_header(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("expect".to_string(), "100-continue".to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The method is temporarily not in use, reserved for later use in 2PC.
+    /// Doris will generate a default, non-repeating label.
+    pub fn set_label(mut self, label: String) -> Self {
+        self.header.insert("label".to_string(), label);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// This method is only called during upsert operations.
+    pub fn add_hidden_column(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("hidden_columns".to_string(), DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The method is temporarily not in use, reserved for later use in 2PC.
+    pub fn enable_2_pc(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("two_phase_commit".to_string(), "true".to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_user_password(mut self, user: String, password: String) -> Self {
+        let auth = format!(
+            "Basic {}",
+            general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(format!("{}:{}", user, password))
+        );
+        self.header.insert("Authorization".to_string(), auth);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The method is temporarily not in use, reserved for later use in 2PC.
+    pub fn set_txn_id(mut self, txn_id: i64) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("txn_operation".to_string(), txn_id.to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The method is temporarily not in use, reserved for later use in 2PC.
+    pub fn add_commit(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("txn_operation".to_string(), "commit".to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The method is temporarily not in use, reserved for later use in 2PC.
+    pub fn add_abort(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.header
+            .insert("txn_operation".to_string(), "abort".to_string());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// This method is used to add custom message headers, such as the data import format.
+    pub fn set_properties(mut self, properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        self.header.extend(properties);
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn build_request_and_client(
+        &self,
+        uri: String,
+    ) -> (Builder, Client<HttpsConnector<HttpConnector>>) {
+        let mut builder = Request::put(uri);
+        for (k, v) in &self.header {
+            builder = builder.header(k, v);
+        }
+
+        let connector = HttpsConnector::new();
+        let client = Client::builder()
+            .pool_idle_timeout(POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
+            .build(connector);
+
+        (builder, client)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn build(&mut self) -> Result<DorisInsert> {
+        let (builder, client) = self.build_request_and_client(self.url.clone());
+
+        let request_get_url = builder
+            .body(Body::empty())
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+        let resp = client
+            .request(request_get_url)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+        let be_url = if resp.status() == StatusCode::TEMPORARY_REDIRECT {
+            resp.headers()
+                .get("location")
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("Can't get doris BE url in header",))
+                })?
+                .to_str()
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                        "Can't get doris BE url in header {:?}",
+                        err
+                    ))
+                })?
+        } else {
+            return Err(SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("Can't get doris BE url",)));
+        };
+
+        let (builder, client) = self.build_request_and_client(be_url.to_string());
+        let (sender, body) = Body::channel();
+        let request = builder
+            .body(body)
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+        let feature = client.request(request);
+
+        let handle: JoinHandle<Result<DorisInsertResultResponse>> = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let response = feature.await.map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+            let status = response.status();
+            let raw_string = String::from_utf8(
+                body::to_bytes(response.into_body())
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?
+                    .to_vec(),
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+
+            if status == StatusCode::OK && !raw_string.is_empty() {
+                let response: DorisInsertResultResponse =
+                    serde_json::from_str(&raw_string).map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+                Ok(response)
+            } else {
+                Err(SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    "Failed connection {:?},{:?}",
+                    status,
+                    raw_string
+                )))
+            }
+        });
+
+        Ok(DorisInsert::new(sender, handle))
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DorisInsert {
+    sender: Option<Sender>,
+    join_handle: Option<JoinHandle<Result<DorisInsertResultResponse>>>,
+    buffer: BytesMut,
+    is_first_record: bool,
+}
+impl DorisInsert {
+    pub fn new(sender: Sender, join_handle: JoinHandle<Result<DorisInsertResultResponse>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sender: Some(sender),
+            join_handle: Some(join_handle),
+            buffer: BytesMut::with_capacity(BUFFER_SIZE),
+            is_first_record: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn send_chunk(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.sender.is_none() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let chunk = mem::replace(&mut self.buffer, BytesMut::with_capacity(BUFFER_SIZE));
+
+        let is_timed_out = match tokio::time::timeout(
+            SEND_CHUNK_TIMEOUT,
+            self.sender.as_mut().unwrap().send_data(chunk.into()),
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            Ok(Ok(_)) => return Ok(()),
+            Ok(Err(_)) => false,
+            Err(_) => true,
+        };
+        self.abort()?;
+
+        let res = self.wait_handle().await;
+
+        if is_timed_out {
+            Err(SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("timeout")))
+        } else {
+            res?;
+            Err(SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("channel closed")))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(sender) = self.sender.take() {
+            sender.abort();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, data: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_first_record {
+            self.is_first_record = false;
+        } else {
+            self.buffer.put_slice("\n".as_bytes());
+        }
+        self.buffer.put_slice(&data);
+        if self.buffer.len() >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE {
+            self.send_chunk().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn wait_handle(&mut self) -> Result<DorisInsertResultResponse> {
+        let res =
+            match tokio::time::timeout(WAIT_HANDDLE_TIMEOUT, self.join_handle.as_mut().unwrap())
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(res) => res.map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))??,
+                Err(err) => return Err(SinkError::Http(err.into())),
+            };
+        if !DORIS_SUCCESS_STATUS.contains(&res.status.as_str()) {
+            return Err(SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                "Insert error: {:?}, error url: {:?}",
+                res.message,
+                res.err_url
+            )));
+        };
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn finish(mut self) -> Result<DorisInsertResultResponse> {
+        if !self.buffer.is_empty() {
+            self.send_chunk().await?;
+        }
+        self.sender = None;
+        self.wait_handle().await
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DorisGet {
+    url: String,
+    table: String,
+    db: String,
+    user: String,
+    password: String,
+}
+impl DorisGet {
+    pub fn new(url: String, table: String, db: String, user: String, password: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            url,
+            table,
+            db,
+            user,
+            password,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_schema_from_doris(&self) -> Result<DorisSchema> {
+        let uri = format!("{}/api/{}/{}/_schema", self.url, self.db, self.table);
+        let builder = Request::get(uri);
+
+        let connector = HttpsConnector::new();
+        let client = Client::builder()
+            .pool_idle_timeout(POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
+            .build(connector);
+
+        let request = builder
+            .header(
+                "Authorization",
+                format!(
+                    "Basic {}",
+                    general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(format!("{}:{}", self.user, self.password))
+                ),
+            )
+            .body(Body::empty())
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+
+        let response = client
+            .request(request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+
+        let raw_bytes = String::from_utf8(match body::to_bytes(response.into_body()).await {
+            Ok(bytes) => bytes.to_vec(),
+            Err(err) => return Err(SinkError::Http(err.into())),
+        })
+        .map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+
+        let json_map: HashMap<String, Value> =
+            serde_json::from_str(&raw_bytes).map_err(|err| SinkError::Http(err.into()))?;
+        let json_data = if json_map.contains_key("code") && json_map.contains_key("msg") {
+            let data = json_map
+                .get("data")
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("Can't find data")))?;
+            data.to_string()
+        } else {
+            raw_bytes
+        };
+        let schema: DorisSchema = serde_json::from_str(&json_data).map_err(|err| {
+            SinkError::Http(anyhow::anyhow!("Can't get schema from json {:?}", err))
+        })?;
+        Ok(schema)
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DorisSchema {
+    status: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "keysType")]
+    pub keys_type: String,
+    pub properties: Vec<DorisField>,
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DorisField {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub r#type: String,
+    comment: String,
+    pub precision: Option<String>,
+    pub scale: Option<String>,
+    aggregation_type: String,
+}
+impl DorisField {
+    pub fn get_decimal_pre_scale(&self) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+        if self.r#type.contains("DECIMAL") {
+            let a = self.precision.clone().unwrap().parse::<u8>().unwrap();
+            let b = self.scale.clone().unwrap().parse::<u8>().unwrap();
+            Some((a, b))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DorisInsertResultResponse {
+    #[serde(rename = "TxnId")]
+    txn_id: i64,
+    #[serde(rename = "Label")]
+    label: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "Status")]
+    status: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "TwoPhaseCommit")]
+    two_phase_commit: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "Message")]
+    message: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "NumberTotalRows")]
+    number_total_rows: i64,
+    #[serde(rename = "NumberLoadedRows")]
+    number_loaded_rows: i64,
+    #[serde(rename = "NumberFilteredRows")]
+    number_filtered_rows: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "NumberUnselectedRows")]
+    number_unselected_rows: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "LoadBytes")]
+    load_bytes: i64,
+    #[serde(rename = "LoadTimeMs")]
+    load_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "BeginTxnTimeMs")]
+    begin_txn_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "StreamLoadPutTimeMs")]
+    stream_load_put_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "ReadDataTimeMs")]
+    read_data_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "WriteDataTimeMs")]
+    write_data_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "CommitAndPublishTimeMs")]
+    commit_and_publish_time_ms: i32,
+    #[serde(rename = "ErrorURL")]
+    err_url: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
index e4fe775f6306c..9264df0d12a97 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
@@ -12,23 +12,26 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use base64::engine::general_purpose;
 use base64::Engine as _;
 use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ArrayResult};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, Decimal, ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
 
-use super::{Result, RowEncoder, SerTo, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use super::{CustomJsonType, Result, RowEncoder, SerTo, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
-
 pub struct JsonEncoder<'a> {
     schema: &'a Schema,
     col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
     timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+    custom_json_type: CustomJsonType,
 }
 
 impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
@@ -41,6 +44,21 @@ impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
             schema,
             col_indices,
             timestamp_handling_mode,
+            custom_json_type: CustomJsonType::None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_doris(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+        timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+        map: HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            schema,
+            col_indices,
+            timestamp_handling_mode,
+            custom_json_type: CustomJsonType::Doris(map),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -65,9 +83,13 @@ impl<'a> RowEncoder for JsonEncoder<'a> {
         for idx in col_indices {
             let field = &self.schema[idx];
             let key = field.name.clone();
-            let value =
-                datum_to_json_object(field, row.datum_at(idx), self.timestamp_handling_mode)
-                    .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
+            let value = datum_to_json_object(
+                field,
+                row.datum_at(idx),
+                self.timestamp_handling_mode,
+                &self.custom_json_type,
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
             mappings.insert(key, value);
         }
         Ok(mappings)
@@ -90,6 +112,7 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
     field: &Field,
     datum: DatumRef<'_>,
     timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
+    custom_json_type: &CustomJsonType,
 ) -> ArrayResult<Value> {
     let scalar_ref = match datum {
         None => return Ok(Value::Null),
@@ -122,9 +145,26 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
         (DataType::Varchar, ScalarRefImpl::Utf8(v)) => {
             json!(v)
         }
-        (DataType::Decimal, ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(v)) => {
-            json!(v.to_text())
-        }
+        (DataType::Decimal, ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(mut v)) => match custom_json_type {
+            CustomJsonType::Doris(map) => {
+                if !matches!(v, Decimal::Normalized(_)) {
+                    return Err(ArrayError::internal(
+                        "doris can't support decimal Inf, -Inf, Nan".to_string(),
+                    ));
+                }
+                let (p, s) = map.get(&field.name).unwrap();
+                v.rescale(*s as u32);
+                let v_string = v.to_text();
+                if v_string.len() > *p as usize {
+                    return Err(ArrayError::internal(
+                        format!("rw Decimal's precision is large than doris max decimal len is {:?}, doris max is {:?}",v_string.len(),p)));
+                }
+                json!(v_string)
+            }
+            CustomJsonType::None => {
+                json!(v.to_text())
+            }
+        },
         (DataType::Timestamptz, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamptz(v)) => {
             // risingwave's timestamp with timezone is stored in UTC and does not maintain the
             // timezone info and the time is in microsecond.
@@ -136,9 +176,13 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
             // todo: just ignore the nanos part to avoid leap second complex
             json!(v.0.num_seconds_from_midnight() as i64 * 1000)
         }
-        (DataType::Date, ScalarRefImpl::Date(v)) => {
-            json!(v.0.num_days_from_ce())
-        }
+        (DataType::Date, ScalarRefImpl::Date(v)) => match custom_json_type {
+            CustomJsonType::None => json!(v.0.num_days_from_ce()),
+            CustomJsonType::Doris(_) => {
+                let a = v.0.format("%Y-%m-%d").to_string();
+                json!(a)
+            }
+        },
         (DataType::Timestamp, ScalarRefImpl::Timestamp(v)) => match timestamp_handling_mode {
             TimestampHandlingMode::Milli => json!(v.0.timestamp_millis()),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String => json!(v.0.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f").to_string()),
@@ -158,23 +202,54 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
             let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(elems.len());
             let inner_field = Field::unnamed(Box::<DataType>::into_inner(datatype));
             for sub_datum_ref in elems {
-                let value =
-                    datum_to_json_object(&inner_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
+                let value = datum_to_json_object(
+                    &inner_field,
+                    sub_datum_ref,
+                    timestamp_handling_mode,
+                    custom_json_type,
+                )?;
                 vec.push(value);
             }
             json!(vec)
         }
         (DataType::Struct(st), ScalarRefImpl::Struct(struct_ref)) => {
-            let mut map = Map::with_capacity(st.len());
-            for (sub_datum_ref, sub_field) in struct_ref.iter_fields_ref().zip_eq_debug(
-                st.iter()
-                    .map(|(name, dt)| Field::with_name(dt.clone(), name)),
-            ) {
-                let value =
-                    datum_to_json_object(&sub_field, sub_datum_ref, timestamp_handling_mode)?;
-                map.insert(sub_field.name.clone(), value);
+            match custom_json_type {
+                CustomJsonType::Doris(_) => {
+                    // We need to ensure that the order of elements in the json matches the insertion order.
+                    let mut map = IndexMap::with_capacity(st.len());
+                    for (sub_datum_ref, sub_field) in struct_ref.iter_fields_ref().zip_eq_debug(
+                        st.iter()
+                            .map(|(name, dt)| Field::with_name(dt.clone(), name)),
+                    ) {
+                        let value = datum_to_json_object(
+                            &sub_field,
+                            sub_datum_ref,
+                            timestamp_handling_mode,
+                            custom_json_type,
+                        )?;
+                        map.insert(sub_field.name.clone(), value);
+                    }
+                    Value::String(serde_json::to_string(&map).map_err(|err| {
+                        ArrayError::internal(format!("Json to string err{:?}", err))
+                    })?)
+                }
+                CustomJsonType::None => {
+                    let mut map = Map::with_capacity(st.len());
+                    for (sub_datum_ref, sub_field) in struct_ref.iter_fields_ref().zip_eq_debug(
+                        st.iter()
+                            .map(|(name, dt)| Field::with_name(dt.clone(), name)),
+                    ) {
+                        let value = datum_to_json_object(
+                            &sub_field,
+                            sub_datum_ref,
+                            timestamp_handling_mode,
+                            custom_json_type,
+                        )?;
+                        map.insert(sub_field.name.clone(), value);
+                    }
+                    json!(map)
+                }
             }
-            json!(map)
         }
         (data_type, scalar_ref) => {
             return Err(ArrayError::internal(
@@ -189,7 +264,10 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp};
+    use risingwave_common::types::{
+        DataType, Date, Interval, Scalar, ScalarImpl, StructRef, StructType, StructValue, Time,
+        Timestamp,
+    };
 
     use super::*;
     #[test]
@@ -200,6 +278,7 @@ mod tests {
             sub_fields: Default::default(),
             type_name: Default::default(),
         };
+
         let boolean_value = datum_to_json_object(
             &Field {
                 data_type: DataType::Boolean,
@@ -207,6 +286,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
             Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(boolean_value, json!(false));
@@ -218,6 +298,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(16).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(int16_value, json!(16));
@@ -229,6 +310,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(std::i64::MAX).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -245,6 +327,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
             Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(tstz_inner).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(tstz_value, "2018-01-26 18:30:09.453000");
@@ -259,6 +342,7 @@ mod tests {
                     .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
             ),
             TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ts_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
@@ -273,6 +357,7 @@ mod tests {
                     .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
             ),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ts_value, json!("1970-01-01 00:16:40.000000".to_string()));
@@ -288,6 +373,7 @@ mod tests {
                     .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
             ),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(time_value, json!(1000 * 1000));
@@ -295,15 +381,65 @@ mod tests {
         let interval_value = datum_to_json_object(
             &Field {
                 data_type: DataType::Interval,
-                ..mock_field
+                ..mock_field.clone()
             },
             Some(
                 ScalarImpl::Interval(Interval::from_month_day_usec(13, 2, 1000000))
                     .as_scalar_ref_impl(),
             ),
             TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::None,
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(interval_value, json!("P1Y1M2DT0H0M1S"));
+
+        let mut map = HashMap::default();
+        map.insert("aaa".to_string(), (10_u8, 5_u8));
+        let decimal = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Decimal,
+                name: "aaa".to_string(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Decimal(Decimal::try_from(1.1111111).unwrap()).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::Doris(map),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decimal, json!("1.11111"));
+
+        let date_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Date,
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Date(Date::from_ymd_uncheck(2010, 10, 10)).as_scalar_ref_impl()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::Doris(HashMap::default()),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(date_value, json!("2010-10-10"));
+
+        let value = StructValue::new(vec![
+            Some(3_i32.to_scalar_value()),
+            Some(2_i32.to_scalar_value()),
+            Some(1_i32.to_scalar_value()),
+        ]);
+
+        let interval_value = datum_to_json_object(
+            &Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                    ("v3", DataType::Int32),
+                    ("v2", DataType::Int32),
+                    ("v1", DataType::Int32),
+                ])),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Some(ScalarRefImpl::Struct(StructRef::ValueRef { val: &value })),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+            &CustomJsonType::Doris(HashMap::default()),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(interval_value, json!("{\"v3\":3,\"v2\":2,\"v1\":1}"));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
index 83f185935a44e..1807fd1d421e8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 
@@ -78,3 +80,9 @@ pub enum TimestampHandlingMode {
     Milli,
     String,
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum CustomJsonType {
+    Doris(HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>),
+    None,
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index bf52e5dcf5594..7c43abcbe82a7 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -208,7 +208,6 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         );
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
         let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
         self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
@@ -220,7 +219,6 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         );
         let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
         let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
         self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
     }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 5aee898f7f284..f1f12ed323d7b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ pub mod boxed;
 pub mod catalog;
 pub mod clickhouse;
 pub mod coordinate;
+pub mod doris;
+pub mod doris_connector;
 pub mod encoder;
 pub mod formatter;
 pub mod iceberg;
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ pub use tracing;
 
 use self::catalog::SinkType;
 use self::clickhouse::{ClickHouseConfig, ClickHouseSink};
+use self::doris::{DorisConfig, DorisSink};
 use self::encoder::SerTo;
 use self::formatter::SinkFormatter;
 use self::iceberg::{IcebergSink, ICEBERG_SINK, REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK};
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ use self::pulsar::{PulsarConfig, PulsarSink};
 use crate::sink::boxed::BoxSink;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
 use crate::sink::clickhouse::CLICKHOUSE_SINK;
+use crate::sink::doris::DORIS_SINK;
 use crate::sink::iceberg::{IcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergSink};
 use crate::sink::kafka::{KafkaConfig, KafkaSink, KAFKA_SINK};
 use crate::sink::kinesis::{KinesisSink, KinesisSinkConfig, KINESIS_SINK};
@@ -327,6 +331,7 @@ pub enum SinkConfig {
     Pulsar(PulsarConfig),
     BlackHole,
     ClickHouse(Box<ClickHouseConfig>),
+    Doris(Box<DorisConfig>),
     Nats(NatsConfig),
     #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
     Test,
@@ -389,6 +394,9 @@ impl SinkConfig {
             CLICKHOUSE_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::ClickHouse(Box::new(
                 ClickHouseConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
             ))),
+            DORIS_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Doris(Box::new(DorisConfig::from_hashmap(
+                properties,
+            )?))),
             BLACKHOLE_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::BlackHole),
             PULSAR_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Pulsar(PulsarConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?)),
             REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::RemoteIceberg(
@@ -420,6 +428,7 @@ pub enum SinkImpl {
     BlackHole(BlackHoleSink),
     Kinesis(KinesisSink),
     ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink),
+    Doris(DorisSink),
     Iceberg(IcebergSink),
     Nats(NatsSink),
     RemoteIceberg(RemoteIcebergSink),
@@ -440,6 +449,7 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             SinkImpl::Nats(_) => "nats",
             SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg(_) => "iceberg_java",
             SinkImpl::TestSink(_) => "test",
+            SinkImpl::Doris(_) => "doris",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -457,6 +467,7 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_sink {
             SinkImpl::BlackHole($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Kinesis($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::ClickHouse($sink) => $body,
+            SinkImpl::Doris($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Iceberg($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::Nats($sink) => $body,
             SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg($sink) => $body,
@@ -491,6 +502,12 @@ impl SinkImpl {
             }
             #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
             SinkConfig::Test => SinkImpl::TestSink(build_test_sink(param)?),
+            SinkConfig::Doris(cfg) => SinkImpl::Doris(DorisSink::new(
+                *cfg,
+                param.schema(),
+                param.downstream_pk,
+                param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            )?),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -517,6 +534,10 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     ClickHouse(String),
     #[error("Nats error: {0}")]
     Nats(anyhow::Error),
+    #[error("Doris http error: {0}")]
+    Http(anyhow::Error),
+    #[error("Doris error: {0}")]
+    Doris(String),
     #[error("Pulsar error: {0}")]
     Pulsar(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index fd25b24f8a7da..da9e92b6ae0aa 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 // Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -11,10 +13,9 @@
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-
-use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::array::{RowRef, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::{Map, Value};
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::Result;
@@ -29,3 +30,18 @@ pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>>
 
     Ok(records)
 }
+
+pub fn doris_rows_to_json(
+    row: RowRef<'_>,
+    schema: &Schema,
+    decimal_map: &HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
+) -> Result<Map<String, Value>> {
+    let encoder = JsonEncoder::new_with_doris(
+        schema,
+        None,
+        TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+        decimal_map.clone(),
+    );
+    let map = encoder.encode(row)?;
+    Ok(map)
+}
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index acbc053ff9983..c380c28c8217d 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features
 hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
 heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
-indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
 itertools = { version = "0.10" }
 jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
 lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }

From 6d0b56d4c89a2118294c4e567bf3d039ffa323c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yufan Song <33971064+yufansong@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 16:09:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 152/430] fix: remove cargo audit --ignore RUSTSEC-2022-0093
 (#12465)

---
 ci/scripts/check.sh | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/check.sh b/ci/scripts/check.sh
index 728788227e8f6..fe0b79dcf30ef 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/check.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/check.sh
@@ -50,7 +50,4 @@ sccache --zero-stats
 
 echo "--- Run audit check"
 cargo audit \
-  --ignore RUSTSEC-2023-0052 --ignore RUSTSEC-2022-0093
- # https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11842
- # https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11986
-
+  --ignore RUSTSEC-2023-0052 # https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11842

From e3657478b40356f459fa6a2058069f60fd2f39f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 09:23:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 153/430] feat: support `privatelink.endpoint` option in the
 WITH clause for Kafka connector (#12266)

---
 .../src/source/kafka/private_link.rs          | 45 ++++++++++++-------
 .../src/catalog/connection_catalog.rs         |  3 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs       |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |  6 +--
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs      |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs        | 21 ++++++++-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs     |  4 +-
 7 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/private_link.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/private_link.rs
index 5e090d75475ab..573e14c3e073f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/private_link.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/private_link.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ use crate::source::kafka::stats::RdKafkaStats;
 use crate::source::kafka::{KAFKA_PROPS_BROKER_KEY, KAFKA_PROPS_BROKER_KEY_ALIAS};
 use crate::source::KAFKA_CONNECTOR;
 
+pub const PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT_KEY: &str = "privatelink.endpoint";
+pub const CONNECTION_NAME_KEY: &str = "connection.name";
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum PrivateLinkContextRole {
     Consumer,
@@ -204,16 +207,17 @@ fn is_kafka_connector(with_properties: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub fn insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(
-    svc: &PrivateLinkService,
     properties: &mut BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    svc: Option<&PrivateLinkService>,
+    privatelink_endpoint: Option<String>,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut broker_rewrite_map = HashMap::new();
-
-    let link_target_value = get_property_required(properties, PRIVATE_LINK_TARGETS_KEY)?;
     let servers = get_property_required(properties, kafka_props_broker_key(properties))?;
     let broker_addrs = servers.split(',').collect_vec();
+    let link_target_value = get_property_required(properties, PRIVATE_LINK_TARGETS_KEY)?;
     let link_targets: Vec<AwsPrivateLinkItem> =
         serde_json::from_str(link_target_value.as_str()).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+
     if broker_addrs.len() != link_targets.len() {
         return Err(anyhow!(
             "The number of broker addrs {} does not match the number of private link targets {}",
@@ -222,19 +226,30 @@ pub fn insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(
         ));
     }
 
-    for (link, broker) in link_targets.iter().zip_eq_fast(broker_addrs.into_iter()) {
-        if svc.dns_entries.is_empty() {
-            return Err(anyhow!(
-                "No available private link endpoints for Kafka broker {}",
-                broker
-            ));
+    if let Some(endpoint) = privatelink_endpoint {
+        for (link, broker) in link_targets.iter().zip_eq_fast(broker_addrs.into_iter()) {
+            // rewrite the broker address to endpoint:port
+            broker_rewrite_map.insert(broker.to_string(), format!("{}:{}", &endpoint, link.port));
+        }
+    } else {
+        if svc.is_none() {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Privatelink endpoint not found.",));
+        }
+        let svc = svc.unwrap();
+        for (link, broker) in link_targets.iter().zip_eq_fast(broker_addrs.into_iter()) {
+            if svc.dns_entries.is_empty() {
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "No available private link endpoints for Kafka broker {}",
+                    broker
+                ));
+            }
+            // rewrite the broker address to the dns name w/o az
+            // requires the NLB has enabled the cross-zone load balancing
+            broker_rewrite_map.insert(
+                broker.to_string(),
+                format!("{}:{}", &svc.endpoint_dns_name, link.port),
+            );
         }
-        // rewrite the broker address to the dns name w/o az
-        // requires the NLB has enabled the cross-zone load balancing
-        broker_rewrite_map.insert(
-            broker.to_string(),
-            format!("{}:{}", &svc.endpoint_dns_name, link.port),
-        );
     }
 
     // save private link dns names into source properties, which
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/connection_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/connection_catalog.rs
index f049011748d17..7913d04379cd5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/connection_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/connection_catalog.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_private_link_connection(
         if svc.get_provider()? == PrivateLinkProvider::Mock {
             return Ok(());
         }
-        insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(svc, properties).map_err(RwError::from)?;
+        insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(properties, Some(svc), None)
+            .map_err(RwError::from)?;
     }
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
index 3a8c701d77432..05ac9c59ffae4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use crate::optimizer::{OptimizerContext, OptimizerContextRef, PlanRef, RelationC
 use crate::scheduler::streaming_manager::CreatingStreamingJobInfo;
 use crate::session::SessionImpl;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::build_graph;
-use crate::utils::resolve_connection_in_with_option;
+use crate::utils::resolve_privatelink_in_with_option;
 use crate::Planner;
 
 pub fn gen_sink_query_from_name(from_name: ObjectName) -> Result<Query> {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ pub fn gen_sink_plan(
     let mut with_options = context.with_options().clone();
     let connection_id = {
         let conn_id =
-            resolve_connection_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &sink_schema_name, session)?;
+            resolve_privatelink_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &sink_schema_name, session)?;
         conn_id.map(ConnectionId)
     };
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index 993d23084d21f..448d2f49923f7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ use crate::handler::create_table::{
 use crate::handler::util::{get_connector, is_kafka_connector};
 use crate::handler::HandlerArgs;
 use crate::session::SessionImpl;
-use crate::utils::resolve_connection_in_with_option;
+use crate::utils::resolve_privatelink_in_with_option;
 use crate::{bind_data_type, WithOptions};
 
 pub(crate) const UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY: &str = "connector";
@@ -1125,10 +1125,10 @@ pub async fn handle_create_source(
 
     let columns = columns.into_iter().map(|c| c.to_protobuf()).collect_vec();
 
-    // resolve privatelink connection for Kafka source
     let mut with_options = WithOptions::new(with_properties);
+    // resolve privatelink connection for Kafka source
     let connection_id =
-        resolve_connection_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &schema_name, &session)?;
+        resolve_privatelink_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &schema_name, &session)?;
     let definition = handler_args.normalized_sql;
 
     let source = PbSource {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
index 476e15885c65d..73c5f65add34c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 use crate::optimizer::{OptimizerContext, OptimizerContextRef, PlanRef, PlanRoot};
 use crate::session::{CheckRelationError, SessionImpl};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::build_graph;
-use crate::utils::resolve_connection_in_with_option;
+use crate::utils::resolve_privatelink_in_with_option;
 use crate::{Binder, TableCatalog, WithOptions};
 
 /// Column ID generator for a new table or a new version of an existing table to alter.
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ fn gen_table_plan_inner(
     // resolve privatelink connection for Table backed by Kafka source
     let mut with_options = WithOptions::new(properties);
     let connection_id =
-        resolve_connection_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &schema_name, &session)?;
+        resolve_privatelink_in_with_option(&mut with_options, &schema_name, &session)?;
 
     let source = source_info.map(|source_info| PbSource {
         id: TableId::placeholder().table_id,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
index bf17ace34119b..baf03184c4a14 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result as RwResult, RwError};
+use risingwave_connector::source::kafka::{
+    insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map, PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT_KEY,
+};
 use risingwave_connector::source::KAFKA_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     CompatibleSourceSchema, CreateConnectionStatement, CreateSinkStatement, CreateSourceStatement,
@@ -122,13 +125,27 @@ fn is_kafka_connector(with_options: &WithOptions) -> bool {
     connector == KAFKA_CONNECTOR
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn resolve_connection_in_with_option(
+pub(crate) fn resolve_privatelink_in_with_option(
     with_options: &mut WithOptions,
     schema_name: &Option<String>,
     session: &SessionImpl,
 ) -> RwResult<Option<ConnectionId>> {
-    let connection_name = get_connection_name(with_options);
     let is_kafka = is_kafka_connector(with_options);
+    let privatelink_endpoint = with_options.get(PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT_KEY).cloned();
+
+    // if `privatelink.endpoint` is provided in WITH, use it to rewrite broker address directly
+    if let Some(endpoint) = privatelink_endpoint {
+        if !is_kafka {
+            return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::ProtocolError(
+                "Privatelink is only supported in kafka connector".to_string(),
+            )));
+        }
+        insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(with_options.inner_mut(), None, Some(endpoint))
+            .map_err(RwError::from)?;
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    let connection_name = get_connection_name(with_options);
     let connection_id = match connection_name {
         Some(connection_name) => {
             let connection = session
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
index b1544f3076a46..21cd77ff42fae 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ impl CloudService for CloudServiceImpl {
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 };
-                if let Err(e) = insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(&service, &mut source_cfg) {
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    insert_privatelink_broker_rewrite_map(&mut source_cfg, Some(&service), None)
+                {
                     return Ok(new_rwc_validate_fail_response(
                         ErrorType::PrivatelinkResolveErr,
                         e.to_string(),

From d7cb2ae2c25be3bff470f22b17b3f8d231f1b0fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 11:51:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 154/430] feat(streaming): persist row_count in backfill
 state_table (#12415)

---
 .../tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml   | 186 ++++++++++--------
 .../testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml  |  90 +++++----
 .../testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/except.yaml         |  16 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml      |  16 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/join.yaml           |   6 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        | 152 ++++++++------
 .../testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/share.yaml          |   4 +-
 .../testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml      | 136 ++++++-------
 .../testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml      |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml           | 180 +++++++++--------
 .../tests/testdata/output/union.yaml          |  20 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  |  38 +++-
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  |  40 +++-
 src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs     |  65 +++++-
 .../src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs      |  29 +++
 .../integration_tests/recovery/backfill.rs    |   2 +-
 18 files changed, 594 insertions(+), 398 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
index b13081bddd1d5..d725856819cea 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ order_line_ol_number, sum(order_line_ol_quantity), sum(order_line_ol_amount), count(order_line_ol_quantity), count(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ol_number, sum_qty, sum_amount, avg_qty, avg_amount, count_order ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
 
     Table 17 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 19 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -319,11 +319,11 @@
 
     Table 22 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ item_i_id, item_i_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -333,9 +333,9 @@
 
     Table 29 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 32 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
 
     Table 35 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 36 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 36 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 37 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -355,9 +355,9 @@
 
     Table 40 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 41 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 41 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 42 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 42 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $0 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 12 ], read pk prefix len hint: 10 }
 
@@ -499,9 +499,9 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ new_order_no_d_id, new_order_no_w_id, new_order_no_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, no_w_id, no_d_id, no_o_id, new_order_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, no_w_id, no_d_id, no_o_id, new_order_backfill_finished, new_order_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_c_id, orders_o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -511,9 +511,9 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ol_o_id, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, revenue, o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 4, 0, 2, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
@@ -602,9 +602,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_ol_cnt, order_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -827,9 +827,9 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ orders_o_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 15 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_amount, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -839,9 +839,9 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@
 
     Table 24 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -861,9 +861,9 @@
 
     Table 29 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ sum(sum(order_line_ol_amount)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -1158,9 +1158,9 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ order_line_ol_supply_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 19 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_c_id, orders_o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1170,11 +1170,11 @@
 
     Table 22 { columns: [ customer_c_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1184,9 +1184,9 @@
 
     Table 29 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 4, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1480,9 +1480,9 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ customer_c_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 19 { columns: [ item_i_id, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1500,11 +1500,11 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 29 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 29 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 30 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1514,9 +1514,9 @@
 
     Table 33 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 34 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 34 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 35 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 35 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 36 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_regionkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1526,9 +1526,9 @@
 
     Table 39 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 40 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 40 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 41 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 41 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_year, mkt_share ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1745,9 +1745,9 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 15 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1757,9 +1757,9 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1769,9 +1769,9 @@
 
     Table 24 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, l_year, sum_profit ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 3, 4, 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ customer_c_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_last, customer_c_city, customer_c_state, customer_c_phone ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 1, 2, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1945,11 +1945,11 @@
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ orders_o_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_id, c_last, revenue, c_city, c_phone, n_name ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
@@ -2161,25 +2161,25 @@
     Table 10 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 11
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 12
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 13
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2270,9 +2270,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_ol_cnt, high_line_count, low_line_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2376,9 +2376,9 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_c_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_count, custdist ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2471,9 +2471,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ item_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ promo_revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2582,9 +2582,9 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ $expr1, revenue1_supplier_no, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, supplier_no, revenue1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, supplier_no, revenue1_backfill_finished, revenue1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ max(revenue1_total_revenue), $expr2 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ $expr2, max(revenue1_total_revenue), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, supplier_no, revenue1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, supplier_no, revenue1_backfill_finished, revenue1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -2741,11 +2741,23 @@
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ item_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ i_name, brand, i_price, supplier_cnt ]
@@ -2878,7 +2890,7 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ item_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ item_i_id, sum(order_line_ol_quantity), count(order_line_ol_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2890,9 +2902,9 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ avg_yearly ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3006,11 +3018,11 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ orders_o_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_last, o_id, o_entry_d, o_ol_cnt, sum, sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id ], primary key: [ $5 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 6, 7, 8 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
 
@@ -3101,9 +3113,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ item_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3268,9 +3280,9 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_quantity, sum(order_line_ol_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -3290,11 +3302,11 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -3494,7 +3506,7 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, orders_o_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -3504,9 +3516,9 @@
 
     Table 17 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 20 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3516,11 +3528,11 @@
 
     Table 23 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 24 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
index 0846fb23192fa..0ad51e1e404b1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished, bk1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, bk1.b._row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished, bk1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, bk1.b._row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished, bk1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, bk1.b._row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, k1, b__row_id, bk1_backfill_finished, bk1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, bk1.b._row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -266,9 +266,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -326,9 +326,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -386,9 +386,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished, ak1k2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -451,9 +451,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished, ak1k2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -501,9 +501,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, k2, a__row_id, ak1k2_backfill_finished, ak1k2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -551,9 +551,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -635,9 +635,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -737,9 +737,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -839,9 +839,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -919,9 +919,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -996,11 +996,23 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ a_k1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ a_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1 ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1073,17 +1085,17 @@
     Table 4 { columns: [ a_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k1, a__row_id, ak1_backfill_finished, ak1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1177,9 +1189,9 @@
     Table 4 { columns: [ a_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1187,9 +1199,9 @@
     Table 6 { columns: [ b_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, b_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, b_backfill_finished, b_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1232,7 +1244,7 @@
                 ├── Upstream
                 └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ row_id, uid, v, created_at, window_start, window_end, t1._row_id ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
index 9a0a6bcae433e..e7c6f8d0feb00 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/emit_on_window_close.yaml
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr1, max(t_b), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
index 58cde9cb9db38..204a1814b8db7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
@@ -86,17 +86,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -207,17 +207,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 7
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
index 405966685afaf..c203f1f953814 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
@@ -86,17 +86,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -207,17 +207,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 7
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
index 6903cb477b384..4ef01cc84ab47 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
@@ -705,11 +705,11 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ t_src, t__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p1, p2, p3, t._row_id, t._row_id#1, t.src, t._row_id#2 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $1 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index 5e451505c1d2e..f2f342f86b43c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -152,7 +152,13 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, price, bid._row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -216,9 +222,9 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ person_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ name, city, state, id, auction.seller, person.id ]
@@ -350,17 +356,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 7
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -495,7 +501,7 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ bid_auction, window_start, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ window_start, count, bid_auction ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -575,9 +581,9 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ seller, avg, auction.id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -667,9 +673,9 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ seller, avg, auction.id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -754,11 +760,11 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ max(bid_price), $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ $expr1, max(bid_price), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, price, bidder, date_time, bid._row_id, $expr1 ]
@@ -873,11 +879,11 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person_name order_by(person_name ASC)), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
@@ -968,9 +974,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, auction, bidder, price, bid_date_time, bid._row_id ]
@@ -1006,7 +1012,13 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, date_time, date, time, bid._row_id ]
@@ -1072,7 +1084,7 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ bid_bidder, $expr1, $expr2, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ bidder, bid_count, window_start, window_end ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1120,9 +1132,9 @@
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, key, side_input_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, key, side_input_backfill_finished, side_input_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key ], primary key: [ $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1177,7 +1189,7 @@
                 ├── Upstream
                 └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, bidtimetype, date_time, extra, bid._row_id ], primary key: [ $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1242,7 +1254,7 @@
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, bid_auction, count_for_agg_call_8, count_for_agg_call_9, count_for_agg_call_10, count_for_agg_call_11 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1306,7 +1318,7 @@
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1375,7 +1387,7 @@
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ bid_channel, $expr1, bid_auction, count_for_agg_call_9, count_for_agg_call_10, count_for_agg_call_11, count_for_agg_call_12 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1443,7 +1455,7 @@
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ bid_channel, $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, max($expr2), count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ channel, day, minute, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, total_bidders, rank1_bidders, rank2_bidders, rank3_bidders, total_auctions, rank1_auctions, rank2_auctions, rank3_auctions ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1503,7 +1515,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, day, total_bids, rank1_bids, rank2_bids, rank3_bids, min_price, max_price, avg_price, sum_price ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1552,7 +1564,13 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id ]
@@ -1605,7 +1623,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id ]
@@ -1657,7 +1675,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id ]
@@ -1720,7 +1738,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id, rank_number ]
@@ -1783,9 +1801,9 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id, auction.id ]
@@ -1829,7 +1847,7 @@
                 ├── Upstream
                 └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, channel_id, bid._row_id ], primary key: [ $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1863,7 +1881,7 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, dir1, dir2, dir3, bid._row_id ], primary key: [ $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 7 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1936,11 +1954,17 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ bid_auction, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, max(bid_price), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction ]
@@ -2079,17 +2103,17 @@
     Table 7 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 9
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2099,9 +2123,9 @@
     Table 11 { columns: [ bid_auction, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 12
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2202,9 +2226,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2217,9 +2241,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2320,9 +2344,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2335,9 +2359,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2469,17 +2493,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 9
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -2655,17 +2679,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 10
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 11
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
index b57b7b82b93b3..796a6521f731c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
@@ -717,9 +717,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
index 334de5ed0ea03..78aeb4084f38c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 6
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
index 8019780382bad..264da7ee55b98 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/stream_dist_agg.yaml
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -403,9 +403,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -455,9 +455,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -512,9 +512,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -564,9 +564,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -628,9 +628,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -687,9 +687,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -772,9 +772,9 @@
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -824,9 +824,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -888,9 +888,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -947,9 +947,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1018,9 +1018,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1077,9 +1077,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1140,9 +1140,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1198,9 +1198,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished, tk_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1261,9 +1261,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1311,9 +1311,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1367,9 +1367,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1418,9 +1418,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished, tk_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1474,9 +1474,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1524,9 +1524,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1580,9 +1580,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1631,9 +1631,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished, tk_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1687,9 +1687,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1737,9 +1737,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1803,9 +1803,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1864,9 +1864,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, k, t__row_id, tk_backfill_finished, tk_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1930,9 +1930,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o, t__row_id, s_backfill_finished, s_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -1989,9 +1989,9 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, ao_backfill_finished, ao_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
index a2bdc69c97999..6673d86fd9745 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@
     Table 3 { columns: [ $expr1 ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
index b34d92178f43e..e1566f3ea795c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ lineitem_l_returnflag, lineitem_l_linestatus, sum(lineitem_l_quantity), sum(lineitem_l_extendedprice), sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count(lineitem_l_quantity), count(lineitem_l_extendedprice), sum(lineitem_l_discount), count(lineitem_l_discount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_returnflag, l_linestatus, sum_qty, sum_base_price, sum_disc_price, sum_charge, avg_qty, avg_price, avg_disc, count_order ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -515,11 +515,11 @@
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 17 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
 
     Table 27 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 29 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -561,9 +561,9 @@
 
     Table 36 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 37 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 37 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 38 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 38 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 39 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -573,9 +573,9 @@
 
     Table 42 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 43 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 43 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 44 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 44 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 45 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -585,9 +585,9 @@
 
     Table 48 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 49 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 49 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 50 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 50 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 8 }
 
@@ -763,11 +763,11 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, orders_o_orderkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_orderkey, revenue, o_orderdate, o_shippriority ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -903,9 +903,9 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_orderpriority, order_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -1145,9 +1145,9 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_custkey, customer_c_custkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1165,9 +1165,9 @@
 
     Table 20 { columns: [ customer_c_custkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 23 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1177,9 +1177,9 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ sum(sum($expr1)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -1493,11 +1493,11 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ nation_n_name, customer_c_custkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1515,11 +1515,11 @@
 
     Table 25 { columns: [ customer_c_nationkey, customer_c_custkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -1823,11 +1823,11 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ nation_n_name, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1853,9 +1853,9 @@
 
     Table 29 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 30 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 31 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 32 { columns: [ part_p_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1865,11 +1865,11 @@
 
     Table 35 { columns: [ lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 36 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 36 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 37 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 37 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 38 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 38 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_year, mkt_share ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2099,9 +2099,9 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ nation_n_name, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2119,9 +2119,9 @@
 
     Table 20 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 23 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_orderdate ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2131,9 +2131,9 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ nation, o_year, sum_profit ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2330,9 +2330,9 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ customer_c_nationkey, customer_c_custkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2342,9 +2342,9 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_custkey, c_name, revenue, c_acctbal, n_name, c_address, c_phone, c_comment ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
 
@@ -2588,11 +2588,11 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ sum(sum($expr2)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2727,9 +2727,9 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_shipmode, high_line_count, low_line_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2897,17 +2897,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 9
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -3016,9 +3016,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ promo_revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3206,11 +3206,11 @@
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, sum($expr1), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ max(sum($expr1)), $expr2 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3418,11 +3418,23 @@
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 12
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 14
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p_brand, p_type, p_size, supplier_cnt ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3611,9 +3623,9 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, sum(lineitem_l_quantity), count(lineitem_l_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3627,9 +3639,9 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ avg_yearly ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -3851,15 +3863,15 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, orders_o_orderkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ vnode, c_custkey, customer_backfill_finished, customer_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, sum(lineitem_l_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_name, c_custkey, o_orderkey, o_orderdate, o_totalprice, quantity ], primary key: [ $4 DESC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
@@ -3984,9 +3996,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ revenue ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -4193,9 +4205,9 @@
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -4213,13 +4225,13 @@
 
     Table 19 { columns: [ lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, sum(lineitem_l_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 22 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -4501,9 +4513,9 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -4513,13 +4525,13 @@
 
     Table 24 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 27 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
index 0700225cb98e5..bc4c1fd4f1d50 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
     Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -112,17 +112,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
@@ -202,17 +202,17 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished ]
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index 51f61e0f663b8..131b58795cbe4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -118,17 +118,35 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
 
     /// Build catalog for backfill state
     ///
-    /// Schema
-    /// ------
-    /// | vnode | pk | `backfill_finished` |
+    /// Schema: | vnode | pk ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count` |
     ///
-    /// key: | vnode |
-    /// value: | pk | `backfill_finished`
+    /// key:    | vnode |
+    /// value:  | pk ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count` |
     ///
     /// When we update the backfill progress,
     /// we update it for all vnodes.
-    /// "pk" here might be confusing. It refers to the
-    /// upstream pk which we use to track the backfill progress.
+    ///
+    /// `pk` refers to the upstream pk which we use to track the backfill progress.
+    ///
+    /// `vnode` is the corresponding vnode of the upstream's distribution key.
+    ///         It should also match the vnode of the backfill executor.
+    ///
+    /// `backfill_finished` is a boolean which just indicates if backfill is done.
+    ///
+    /// `row_count` is a count of rows which indicates the # of rows per executor.
+    ///             We used to track this in memory.
+    ///             But for backfill persistence we have to also persist it.
+    ///
+    /// FIXME(kwannoel):
+    /// - Across all vnodes, the values are the same.
+    /// - e.g. | vnode | pk ...  | `backfill_finished` | `row_count` |
+    ///        | 1002 | Int64(1) | t                   | 10          |
+    ///        | 1003 | Int64(1) | t                   | 10          |
+    ///        | 1003 | Int64(1) | t                   | 10          |
+    /// Eventually we should track progress per vnode, to support scaling with both mview and
+    /// the corresponding `no_shuffle_backfill`.
+    /// However this is not high priority, since we are working on supporting arrangement backfill,
+    /// which already has this capability.
     pub fn build_backfill_state_catalog(
         &self,
         state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState,
@@ -154,6 +172,12 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
             format!("{}_backfill_finished", self.table_name()),
         ));
 
+        // `row_count` column
+        catalog_builder.add_column(&Field::with_name(
+            DataType::Int64,
+            format!("{}_row_count", self.table_name()),
+        ));
+
         // Reuse the state store pk (vnode) as the vnode as well.
         catalog_builder.set_vnode_col_idx(0);
         catalog_builder.set_dist_key_in_pk(vec![0]);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index 6040a6745f9e3..f796ff0dcb690 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::backfill::utils;
 use crate::executor::backfill::utils::{
     check_all_vnode_finished, compute_bounds, construct_initial_finished_state, get_new_pos,
-    iter_chunks, mapping_chunk, mapping_message, mark_chunk, owned_row_iter,
+    get_row_count_state, iter_chunks, mapping_chunk, mapping_message, mark_chunk, owned_row_iter,
 };
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ pub struct BackfillExecutor<S: StateStore> {
     /// The column indices need to be forwarded to the downstream from the upstream and table scan.
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
 
+    /// PTAL at the docstring for `CreateMviewProgress` to understand how we compute it.
     progress: CreateMviewProgress,
 
     actor_id: ActorId,
@@ -125,7 +126,10 @@ where
     async fn execute_inner(mut self) {
         // The primary key columns, in the output columns of the upstream_table scan.
         let pk_in_output_indices = self.upstream_table.pk_in_output_indices().unwrap();
-        let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + 2; // +1 for backfill_finished, +1 for vnode key.
+
+        // schema: | vnode | pk ... | backfill_finished | row_count |
+        // +1 for vnode, +1 for backfill_finished, +1 for row_count.
+        let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + 3;
 
         let pk_order = self.upstream_table.pk_serializer().get_order_types();
 
@@ -140,8 +144,8 @@ where
             state_table.init_epoch(first_barrier.epoch);
         }
 
-        let is_finished = if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_mut() {
-            let is_finished = check_all_vnode_finished(state_table).await?;
+        let is_finished = if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_ref() {
+            let is_finished = check_all_vnode_finished(state_table, state_len).await?;
             if is_finished {
                 assert!(!first_barrier.is_newly_added(self.actor_id));
             }
@@ -215,7 +219,13 @@ where
         let mut snapshot_read_epoch = init_epoch;
 
         // Keep track of rows from the snapshot.
-        let mut total_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 = 0;
+        let mut total_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 =
+            if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_ref() {
+                get_row_count_state(state_table, state_len).await?
+            } else {
+                // Maintain backwards compatibility with no state_table.
+                0
+            };
 
         // Backfill Algorithm:
         //
@@ -404,12 +414,20 @@ where
                     total_snapshot_processed_rows,
                 );
 
+                tracing::trace!(
+                    actor = self.actor_id,
+                    epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
+                    ?current_pos,
+                    total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                    "Backfill position persisted"
+                );
                 // Persist state on barrier
                 Self::persist_state(
                     barrier.epoch,
                     &mut self.state_table,
                     false,
                     &current_pos,
+                    total_snapshot_processed_rows,
                     &mut old_state,
                     &mut current_state,
                 )
@@ -448,11 +466,19 @@ where
                     // Or snapshot was empty and we construct a placeholder state.
                     debug_assert_ne!(current_pos, None);
 
+                    tracing::trace!(
+                        actor = self.actor_id,
+                        epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
+                        ?current_pos,
+                        total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                        "Backfill position persisted after completion"
+                    );
                     Self::persist_state(
                         barrier.epoch,
                         &mut self.state_table,
                         true,
                         &current_pos,
+                        total_snapshot_processed_rows,
                         &mut old_state,
                         &mut current_state,
                     )
@@ -468,6 +494,8 @@ where
         // After progress finished + state persisted,
         // we can forward messages directly to the downstream,
         // as backfill is finished.
+        // We don't need to report backfill progress any longer, as it has finished.
+        // It will always be at 100%.
         #[for_await]
         for msg in upstream {
             if let Some(msg) = mapping_message(msg?, &self.output_indices) {
@@ -528,6 +556,7 @@ where
         table: &mut Option<StateTable<S>>,
         is_finished: bool,
         current_pos: &Option<OwnedRow>,
+        row_count: u64,
         old_state: &mut Option<Vec<Datum>>,
         current_state: &mut [Datum],
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
@@ -538,6 +567,7 @@ where
             table,
             is_finished,
             current_pos,
+            row_count,
             old_state,
             current_state,
         )
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
index 67f25fc506f16..8a2cded5ca8d3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
@@ -308,9 +308,56 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_progress_per_vnode<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: b
     Ok(result)
 }
 
+/// The row here does not include `vnode`,
+/// it should have been excluded by setting `value_indices`.
+/// Row schema: | `pk_indices` ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count`
+pub(crate) fn get_backfill_finished(row: OwnedRow, state_len: usize) -> Option<bool> {
+    let datum = if row.len() == state_len - 2 {
+        // Handle backwards compatibility case where
+        // we did not have row count (-1 for this).
+        // -1 to exclude `vnode` as well.
+        row.last()
+    } else {
+        row.datum_at(row.len() - 2)
+    };
+    datum.map(|d| d.into_bool())
+}
+
+/// The row here does not include `vnode`,
+/// it should have been excluded by setting `value_indices`.
+/// Row schema: | `pk_indices` ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count`
+pub(crate) fn get_row_count(row: OwnedRow, state_len: usize) -> u64 {
+    if row.len() == state_len - 2 {
+        // Handle backwards compatibility case where
+        // we did not have row count (-1 for this).
+        // -1 to exclude `vnode` as well.
+        return 0;
+    }
+    match row.last() {
+        None => 0,
+        Some(d) => d.into_int64() as u64,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn get_row_count_state<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
+    state_table: &StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
+    state_len: usize,
+) -> StreamExecutorResult<u64> {
+    let mut vnodes = state_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes_scalar();
+    let vnode = vnodes.next().unwrap();
+    let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(vnode.into())];
+    let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
+    let row_count = match row {
+        None => 0,
+        Some(row) => get_row_count(row, state_len),
+    };
+    Ok(row_count)
+}
+
 /// All vnodes should be persisted with status finished.
 pub(crate) async fn check_all_vnode_finished<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
     state_table: &StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
+    state_len: usize,
 ) -> StreamExecutorResult<bool> {
     debug_assert!(!state_table.vnode_bitmap().is_empty());
     let vnodes = state_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes_scalar();
@@ -320,9 +367,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn check_all_vnode_finished<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED:
         let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
 
         let vnode_is_finished = if let Some(row) = row
-            && let Some(vnode_is_finished) = row.last()
+            && let Some(vnode_is_finished) = get_backfill_finished(row, state_len)
         {
-            vnode_is_finished.into_bool()
+            vnode_is_finished
         } else {
             false
         };
@@ -381,21 +428,26 @@ pub(crate) fn build_temporary_state_with_vnode(
     is_finished: bool,
     current_pos: &OwnedRow,
 ) {
-    build_temporary_state(row_state, is_finished, current_pos);
+    row_state[1..current_pos.len() + 1].clone_from_slice(current_pos.as_inner());
+    row_state[current_pos.len() + 1] = Some(is_finished.into());
     row_state[0] = Some(vnode.to_scalar().into());
 }
 
 /// We want to avoid allocating a row for every vnode.
 /// Instead we can just modify a single row, and dispatch it to state table to write.
-/// This builds the `current_pos` segment of the row.
-/// Vnode needs to be filled in as well.
+/// This builds the following segments of the row:
+/// 1. `current_pos`
+/// 2. `backfill_finished`
+/// 3. `row_count`
 pub(crate) fn build_temporary_state(
     row_state: &mut [Datum],
     is_finished: bool,
     current_pos: &OwnedRow,
+    row_count: u64,
 ) {
     row_state[1..current_pos.len() + 1].clone_from_slice(current_pos.as_inner());
     row_state[current_pos.len() + 1] = Some(is_finished.into());
+    row_state[current_pos.len() + 2] = Some((row_count as i64).into());
 }
 
 /// Update backfill pos by vnode.
@@ -560,12 +612,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn persist_state<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
     table: &mut StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
     is_finished: bool,
     current_pos: &Option<OwnedRow>,
+    row_count: u64,
     old_state: &mut Option<Vec<Datum>>,
     current_state: &mut [Datum],
 ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
     if let Some(current_pos_inner) = current_pos {
         // state w/o vnodes.
-        build_temporary_state(current_state, is_finished, current_pos_inner);
+        build_temporary_state(current_state, is_finished, current_pos_inner, row_count);
         flush_data(table, epoch, old_state, current_state).await?;
         *old_state = Some(current_state.into());
     } else {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
index f5695013505bb..adea59cdf656a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,35 @@ impl LocalBarrierManager {
 }
 
 /// The progress held by the chain executors to report to the local barrier manager.
+///
+/// Progress can be computed by
+/// `total_rows_consumed` / `total_rows_upstream`.
+/// This yields the (approximate) percentage of rows we are done backfilling.
+///
+/// For `total_rows_consumed`, the progress is tracked in the following way:
+/// 1. Fetching the row count from our state table.
+///    This number is the total number, NOT incremental.
+///    This is done per actor.
+/// 2. Refreshing this number on the meta side, on every barrier.
+///    This is done by just summing up all the row counts from the actors.
+///
+/// For `total_rows_upstream`,
+/// this is fetched from `HummockVersion`'s statistics (`TableStats::total_key_count`).
+///
+/// This is computed per `HummockVersion`, which is updated whenever a checkpoint is committed.
+/// The `total_key_count` figure just counts the number of storage keys.
+/// For example, if a key is inserted and then deleted,
+/// it results two storage entries in `LSMt`, so count=2.
+/// Only after compaction, the count will drop back to 0.
+///
+/// So the total count could be more pessimistic, than actual progress.
+///
+/// It is fine for this number not to be precise,
+/// since we don't rely on it to update the status of a stream job internally.
+///
+/// TODO(kwannoel): Perhaps it is possible to get total key count of the replicated state table
+/// for arrangement backfill. We can use that to estimate the progress as well, and avoid recording
+/// `row_count` state for it.
 pub struct CreateMviewProgress {
     barrier_manager: Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<LocalBarrierManager>>,
 
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/backfill.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/backfill.rs
index e907528826864..896f65506554e 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/backfill.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/backfill.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const SHOW_INTERNAL_TABLES: &str = "SHOW INTERNAL TABLES;";
 
 static EXPECTED_NO_BACKFILL: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     (0..=255)
-        .map(|vnode| format!("{} NULL t", vnode))
+        .map(|vnode| format!("{} NULL t 0", vnode))
         .join("\n")
 });
 

From c335f3d3c6b0f90e1bc62a0233fa8a586b4c4ba9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:04:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 155/430] chore(deps): Bump smallvec from 1.11.0 to 1.11.1
 (#12484)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock              | 4 ++--
 src/frontend/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3cbeb7ef0c52b..4f05c0858c6e5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8545,9 +8545,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.11.0"
+version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62bb4feee49fdd9f707ef802e22365a35de4b7b299de4763d44bfea899442ff9"
+checksum = "942b4a808e05215192e39f4ab80813e599068285906cc91aa64f923db842bd5a"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
index e94153c37384e..b86a66062e662 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ risingwave_variables = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 sha2 = "0.10.7"
-smallvec = { version = "1.11.0", features = ["serde"] }
+smallvec = { version = "1.11.1", features = ["serde"] }
 tempfile = "3"
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [

From cdbb47f92430189db9002d33408489c94a4d8f9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:04:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 156/430] chore(deps): Bump aho-corasick from 1.1.0 to 1.1.1
 (#12483)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4f05c0858c6e5..8d794a7115d10 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0f2135563fb5c609d2b2b87c1e8ce7bc41b0b45430fa9661f457981503dd5bf0"
+checksum = "ea5d730647d4fadd988536d06fecce94b7b4f2a7efdae548f1cf4b63205518ab"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]

From 52388608d0fa7eeec29bd685266dba525a9076b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ZENOTME <43447882+ZENOTME@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 15:48:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 157/430] fix: ignore when fail to remove label in batch
 monitor (#12490)

Co-authored-by: ZENOTME <st810918843@gmail.com>
---
 src/batch/src/monitor/stats.rs | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/monitor/stats.rs b/src/batch/src/monitor/stats.rs
index c9e9dddfa861d..f59e0217cd7a0 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/monitor/stats.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/monitor/stats.rs
@@ -168,7 +168,9 @@ impl BatchTaskMetrics {
             macro_rules! remove {
                 ($({ $metric:ident, $type:ty},)*) => {
                     $(
-                        self.$metric.remove_label_values(&labels).expect("It should not have duplicate task label.");
+                        if let Err(err) = self.$metric.remove_label_values(&labels) {
+                            warn!("Failed to remove label values: {:?}", err);
+                        }
                     )*
                 };
             }
@@ -409,11 +411,8 @@ impl BatchMetricsWithTaskLabelsInner {
 
 impl Drop for BatchMetricsWithTaskLabelsInner {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.task_metrics.delete_task.lock().push(self.task_id());
-        self.executor_metrics
-            .delete_task
-            .lock()
-            .push(self.task_id());
+        self.task_metrics.add_delete_task(self.task_id());
+        self.executor_metrics.add_delete_task(self.task_id());
     }
 }
 

From 4fb087c9e37b70fb9329b171ac010c0bd2a73889 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 15:50:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 158/430] feat(compaction): support serverless compaction
 (#11904)

Co-authored-by: wcy-fdu <wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 proto/compactor.proto                         |  25 ++
 proto/hummock.proto                           |  21 ++
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |  10 +
 src/compute/src/server.rs                     |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs   |   7 +
 src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs        |  89 +++++++
 src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs                     |   2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |   1 +
 src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs              |  74 ++++--
 src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs              |  38 ++-
 src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs           | 243 +++++++++++++-----
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       |  84 +++---
 .../hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs      |  15 +-
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs |   1 +
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs |   7 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/context.rs  |   5 -
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs      | 241 +++++++++++++++--
 .../compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs        |   8 +-
 .../event_handler/hummock_event_handler.rs    |   5 +
 .../sstable/sstable_object_id_manager.rs      | 103 ++++++--
 .../src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs      |  13 +-
 .../src/delete_range_runner.rs                |  13 +-
 23 files changed, 805 insertions(+), 203 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 8d794a7115d10..a785a3728e873 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7596,6 +7596,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "lz4",
  "mach2",
  "madsim-tokio",
+ "madsim-tonic",
  "memcomparable",
  "moka",
  "more-asserts",
diff --git a/proto/compactor.proto b/proto/compactor.proto
index 29dee929d981b..06f071d75040a 100644
--- a/proto/compactor.proto
+++ b/proto/compactor.proto
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 
 package compactor;
 
+import "catalog.proto";
+import "common.proto";
+import "hummock.proto";
+
 option java_package = "com.risingwave.proto";
 option optimize_for = SPEED;
 
@@ -9,6 +13,27 @@ message EchoRequest {}
 
 message EchoResponse {}
 
+message DispatchCompactionTaskRequest {
+  // DispatchCompactionTaskRequest is used to pass compaction task level parameters.
+  oneof task {
+    hummock.CompactTask compact_task = 1;
+    hummock.VacuumTask vacuum_task = 2;
+    hummock.FullScanTask full_scan_task = 3;
+    hummock.ValidationTask validation_task = 4;
+    hummock.CancelCompactTask cancel_compact_task = 5;
+  }
+  // Used to build filter_key_extract.
+  repeated catalog.Table tables = 6;
+  // We can generate output object ids for each compactor, which equal to the number of input SSTs.
+  // If all the output object ids are used up, this compaction task fails, and the next allocation will be twice the previous amount of output object ids.
+  repeated uint64 output_object_ids = 7;
+}
+
+message DispatchCompactionTaskResponse {
+  common.Status status = 1;
+}
+
 service CompactorService {
   rpc Echo(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);
+  rpc DispatchCompactionTask(DispatchCompactionTaskRequest) returns (DispatchCompactionTaskResponse);
 }
diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index e32fc66fe8d22..1437641fcd472 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -439,6 +439,26 @@ message SubscribeCompactionEventResponse {
   uint64 create_at = 7;
 }
 
+message ReportCompactionTaskRequest {
+  // ReportTask provides the compact task to report to the meta.
+  message ReportTask {
+    CompactTask compact_task = 2;
+    map<uint32, TableStats> table_stats_change = 3;
+  }
+  // HeartBeat provides the progress status of all tasks on the Compactor.
+  message HeartBeat {
+    repeated CompactTaskProgress progress = 2;
+  }
+  oneof event {
+    ReportTask report_task = 1;
+    HeartBeat heart_beat = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+message ReportCompactionTaskResponse {
+  common.Status status = 1;
+}
+
 message ValidationTask {
   repeated SstableInfo sst_infos = 1;
   map<uint64, uint32> sst_id_to_worker_id = 2;
@@ -685,6 +705,7 @@ service HummockManagerService {
   rpc SplitCompactionGroup(SplitCompactionGroupRequest) returns (SplitCompactionGroupResponse);
   rpc RiseCtlListCompactionStatus(RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest) returns (RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse);
   rpc SubscribeCompactionEvent(stream SubscribeCompactionEventRequest) returns (stream SubscribeCompactionEventResponse);
+  rpc ReportCompactionTask(ReportCompactionTaskRequest) returns (ReportCompactionTaskResponse);
   rpc ListBranchedObject(ListBranchedObjectRequest) returns (ListBranchedObjectResponse);
   rpc ListActiveWriteLimit(ListActiveWriteLimitRequest) returns (ListActiveWriteLimitResponse);
   rpc ListHummockMetaConfig(ListHummockMetaConfigRequest) returns (ListHummockMetaConfigResponse);
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 3b7bc027be870..c1a81e9d5fe71 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -658,6 +658,16 @@ impl AsyncStackTraceOption {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum CompactorMode {
+    #[default]
+    #[clap(alias = "dedicated")]
+    Dedicated,
+
+    #[clap(alias = "shared")]
+    Shared,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, DefaultFromSerde)]
 pub struct HeapProfilingConfig {
     /// Enable to auto dump heap profile when memory usage is high
diff --git a/src/compute/src/server.rs b/src/compute/src/server.rs
index 830e5a7d6d5da..28a63ddf2b7e7 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/server.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,6 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
                 compactor_metrics: compactor_metrics.clone(),
                 is_share_buffer_compact: false,
                 compaction_executor: Arc::new(CompactionExecutor::new(Some(1))),
-                filter_key_extractor_manager: storage.filter_key_extractor_manager().clone(),
                 memory_limiter,
 
                 task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
@@ -234,6 +233,7 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
                 compactor_context,
                 hummock_meta_client.clone(),
                 storage.sstable_object_id_manager().clone(),
+                storage.filter_key_extractor_manager().clone(),
             );
             sub_tasks.push((handle, shutdown_sender));
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
index 161e92ddad113..f670c9cb220a5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
@@ -526,6 +526,13 @@ impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
         Ok(Response::new(RwReceiverStream::new(rx)))
     }
 
+    async fn report_compaction_task(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<ReportCompactionTaskRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<ReportCompactionTaskResponse>, Status> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+
     async fn list_branched_object(
         &self,
         _request: Request<ListBranchedObjectRequest>,
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
index cdd1b08049087..8574e76695740 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,21 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_manager_service_client::HummockManagerServiceClient;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
+    GetNewSstIdsRequest, GetNewSstIdsResponse, ReportCompactionTaskRequest,
+    ReportCompactionTaskResponse, ReportFullScanTaskRequest, ReportFullScanTaskResponse,
+    ReportVacuumTaskRequest, ReportVacuumTaskResponse,
+};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::system_params_service_client::SystemParamsServiceClient;
+use risingwave_pb::meta::{GetSystemParamsRequest, GetSystemParamsResponse};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_client::MonitorServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse};
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tonic::transport::{Channel, Endpoint};
 
 use crate::error::Result;
@@ -46,3 +56,82 @@ impl CompactorClient {
             .into_inner())
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore {
+    hummock_client: HummockManagerServiceClient<Channel>,
+    system_params_client: SystemParamsServiceClient<Channel>,
+}
+
+impl GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore {
+    pub(crate) fn new(channel: Channel) -> Self {
+        let hummock_client =
+            HummockManagerServiceClient::new(channel.clone()).max_decoding_message_size(usize::MAX);
+        let system_params_client = SystemParamsServiceClient::new(channel);
+
+        Self {
+            hummock_client,
+            system_params_client,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client to proxy server. Cloning the instance is lightweight.
+///
+/// Todo(wcy-fdu): add refresh client interface.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct GrpcCompactorProxyClient {
+    pub core: Arc<RwLock<GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore>>,
+}
+
+impl GrpcCompactorProxyClient {
+    pub fn new(channel: Channel) -> Self {
+        let core = Arc::new(RwLock::new(GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore::new(channel)));
+        Self { core }
+    }
+
+    fn _recreate_core(&self, _channel: Channel) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_new_sst_ids(
+        &self,
+        request: GetNewSstIdsRequest,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<GetNewSstIdsResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
+        hummock_client.get_new_sst_ids(request).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn report_compaction_task(
+        &self,
+        request: ReportCompactionTaskRequest,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportCompactionTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
+        hummock_client.report_compaction_task(request).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn report_full_scan_task(
+        &self,
+        request: ReportFullScanTaskRequest,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportFullScanTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
+        hummock_client.report_full_scan_task(request).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn report_vacuum_task(
+        &self,
+        request: ReportVacuumTaskRequest,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportVacuumTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
+        hummock_client.report_vacuum_task(request).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_system_params(
+        &self,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<GetSystemParamsResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+        let mut system_params_client = self.core.read().await.system_params_client.clone();
+        system_params_client
+            .get_system_params(GetSystemParamsRequest {})
+            .await
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
index 7d94c1a0d789d..2d8017e87aa07 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ mod sink_coordinate_client;
 mod stream_client;
 mod tracing;
 
-pub use compactor_client::CompactorClient;
+pub use compactor_client::{CompactorClient, GrpcCompactorProxyClient};
 pub use compute_client::{ComputeClient, ComputeClientPool, ComputeClientPoolRef};
 pub use connector_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle, SinkWriterStreamHandle};
 pub use hummock_meta_client::{CompactionEventItem, HummockMetaClient};
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 8c03464e34ae8..acbc05d8f536a 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "signal",
 ] }
 tokio-retry = "0.3"
+tonic = { workspace = true }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-futures = { version = "0.2", features = ["futures-03"] }
 xorf = "0.8.1"
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
index 8043cb5d2214d..6cca88f6bfc89 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 
 mod compactor_observer;
 mod rpc;
-mod server;
+pub mod server;
 mod telemetry;
 
 use clap::Parser;
-use risingwave_common::config::{AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, OverrideConfig};
+use risingwave_common::config::{
+    AsyncStackTraceOption, CompactorMode, MetricLevel, OverrideConfig,
+};
 
-use crate::server::compactor_serve;
+use crate::server::{compactor_serve, shared_compactor_serve};
 
 /// Command-line arguments for compactor-node.
 #[derive(Parser, Clone, Debug, OverrideConfig)]
@@ -87,6 +89,12 @@ pub struct CompactorOpts {
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
     #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_read_timeout_ms)]
     pub object_store_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_COMPACTOR_MODE", value_enum)]
+    pub compactor_mode: Option<CompactorMode>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PROXY_RPC_ENDPOINT", default_value = "")]
+    pub proxy_rpc_endpoint: String,
 }
 
 use std::future::Future;
@@ -95,28 +103,40 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 pub fn start(opts: CompactorOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
     // WARNING: don't change the function signature. Making it `async fn` will cause
     // slow compile in release mode.
-    Box::pin(async move {
-        tracing::info!("Compactor node options: {:?}", opts);
-        tracing::info!("meta address: {}", opts.meta_address.clone());
-
-        let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
-        tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
-
-        let advertise_addr = opts
-            .advertise_addr
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                tracing::warn!("advertise addr is not specified, defaulting to listen address");
-                &opts.listen_addr
-            })
-            .parse()
-            .unwrap();
-        tracing::info!(" address is {}", advertise_addr);
-
-        let (join_handle, observer_join_handle, _shutdown_sender) =
-            compactor_serve(listen_addr, advertise_addr, opts).await;
-
-        join_handle.await.unwrap();
-        observer_join_handle.abort();
-    })
+    match opts.compactor_mode {
+        Some(CompactorMode::Shared) => Box::pin(async move {
+            tracing::info!("Shared compactor pod options: {:?}", opts);
+            tracing::info!("Proxy rpc endpoint: {}", opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint.clone());
+
+            let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
+            tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
+            let (join_handle, _shutdown_sender) = shared_compactor_serve(listen_addr, opts).await;
+
+            join_handle.await.unwrap();
+        }),
+        None | Some(CompactorMode::Dedicated) => Box::pin(async move {
+            tracing::info!("Compactor node options: {:?}", opts);
+            tracing::info!("meta address: {}", opts.meta_address.clone());
+
+            let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
+            tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
+            let advertise_addr = opts
+                .advertise_addr
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    tracing::warn!("advertise addr is not specified, defaulting to listen address");
+                    &opts.listen_addr
+                })
+                .parse()
+                .unwrap();
+            tracing::info!(" address is {}", advertise_addr);
+            let (join_handle, observer_join_handle, _shutdown_sender) =
+                compactor_serve(listen_addr, advertise_addr, opts).await;
+
+            join_handle.await.unwrap();
+            observer_join_handle.abort();
+        }),
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
index d7f01115610f1..18f5ba6edd443 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
@@ -17,23 +17,55 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_pb::compactor::compactor_service_server::CompactorService;
-use risingwave_pb::compactor::{EchoRequest, EchoResponse};
+use risingwave_pb::compactor::{
+    DispatchCompactionTaskRequest, DispatchCompactionTaskResponse, EchoRequest, EchoResponse,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorService;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
     AnalyzeHeapRequest, AnalyzeHeapResponse, HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse,
     ListHeapProfilingRequest, ListHeapProfilingResponse, ProfilingRequest, ProfilingResponse,
     StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse,
 };
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct CompactorServiceImpl {}
-
+pub struct CompactorServiceImpl {
+    sender: Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>>>,
+}
+impl CompactorServiceImpl {
+    pub fn new(sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sender: Some(sender),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl CompactorService for CompactorServiceImpl {
     async fn echo(&self, _request: Request<EchoRequest>) -> Result<Response<EchoResponse>, Status> {
         Ok(Response::new(EchoResponse {}))
     }
+
+    async fn dispatch_compaction_task(
+        &self,
+        request: Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<DispatchCompactionTaskResponse>, Status> {
+        match &self.sender.as_ref() {
+            Some(sender) => {
+                sender
+                    .send(request)
+                    .expect("DispatchCompactionTaskRequest should be able to send");
+            }
+            None => {
+                tracing::error!(
+                    "fail to send DispatchCompactionTaskRequest, sender has not been initialized."
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Response::new(DispatchCompactionTaskResponse {
+            status: None,
+        }))
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct MonitorServiceImpl {
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
index dd953b87c7af9..e099ed16ffcbd 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::config::{
-    extract_storage_memory_config, load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel,
+    extract_storage_memory_config, load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, RwConfig,
 };
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::LocalSystemParamsManager;
+use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::manager::TelemetryManager;
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::telemetry_env_enabled;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ use risingwave_object_store::object::parse_remote_object_store;
 use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerType;
 use risingwave_pb::compactor::compactor_service_server::CompactorServiceServer;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorServiceServer;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::MetaClient;
+use risingwave_rpc_client::{GrpcCompactorProxyClient, MetaClient};
 use risingwave_storage::filter_key_extractor::{
     FilterKeyExtractorManager, RemoteTableAccessor, RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager,
 };
@@ -45,11 +46,13 @@ use risingwave_storage::hummock::{
     HummockMemoryCollector, MemoryLimiter, SstableObjectIdManager, SstableStore,
 };
 use risingwave_storage::monitor::{
-    monitor_cache, GLOBAL_COMPACTOR_METRICS, GLOBAL_HUMMOCK_METRICS,
+    monitor_cache, CompactorMetrics, GLOBAL_COMPACTOR_METRICS, GLOBAL_HUMMOCK_METRICS,
 };
 use risingwave_storage::opts::StorageOpts;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+use tonic::transport::Endpoint;
 use tracing::info;
 
 use super::compactor_observer::observer_manager::CompactorObserverNode;
@@ -57,47 +60,23 @@ use crate::rpc::{CompactorServiceImpl, MonitorServiceImpl};
 use crate::telemetry::CompactorTelemetryCreator;
 use crate::CompactorOpts;
 
-/// Fetches and runs compaction tasks.
-pub async fn compactor_serve(
-    listen_addr: SocketAddr,
-    advertise_addr: HostAddr,
-    opts: CompactorOpts,
-) -> (JoinHandle<()>, JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
-    type CompactorMemoryCollector = HummockMemoryCollector;
-
-    let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, &opts);
-    info!("Starting compactor node",);
-    info!("> config: {:?}", config);
-    info!(
-        "> debug assertions: {}",
-        if cfg!(debug_assertions) { "on" } else { "off" }
-    );
-    info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
-
-    // Register to the cluster.
-    let (meta_client, system_params_reader) = MetaClient::register_new(
-        &opts.meta_address,
-        WorkerType::Compactor,
-        &advertise_addr,
-        Default::default(),
-        &config.meta,
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-
-    info!("Assigned compactor id {}", meta_client.worker_id());
-    meta_client.activate(&advertise_addr).await.unwrap();
-
+const ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC: u64 = 60;
+// See `Endpoint::keep_alive_timeout`
+const ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC: u64 = 60;
+pub async fn prepare_start_parameters(
+    config: RwConfig,
+    system_params_reader: SystemParamsReader,
+) -> (
+    Arc<SstableStore>,
+    Arc<MemoryLimiter>,
+    Option<Arc<RwLock<await_tree::Registry<String>>>>,
+    Arc<StorageOpts>,
+    Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
+) {
     // Boot compactor
     let object_metrics = Arc::new(GLOBAL_OBJECT_STORE_METRICS.clone());
-    let hummock_metrics = Arc::new(GLOBAL_HUMMOCK_METRICS.clone());
     let compactor_metrics = Arc::new(GLOBAL_COMPACTOR_METRICS.clone());
 
-    let hummock_meta_client = Arc::new(MonitoredHummockMetaClient::new(
-        meta_client.clone(),
-        hummock_metrics.clone(),
-    ));
-
     let state_store_url = system_params_reader.state_store();
 
     let storage_memory_config = extract_storage_memory_config(&config);
@@ -106,7 +85,6 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
         &system_params_reader,
         &storage_memory_config,
     )));
-
     let total_memory_available_bytes =
         (resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes() as f64
             * config.storage.compactor_memory_available_proportion) as usize;
@@ -156,6 +134,74 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
         meta_cache_capacity_bytes,
     ));
 
+    let memory_limiter = Arc::new(MemoryLimiter::new(compactor_memory_limit_bytes));
+    let storage_memory_config = extract_storage_memory_config(&config);
+    let memory_collector: Arc<HummockMemoryCollector> = Arc::new(HummockMemoryCollector::new(
+        sstable_store.clone(),
+        memory_limiter.clone(),
+        storage_memory_config,
+    ));
+
+    monitor_cache(memory_collector);
+
+    let await_tree_config = match &config.streaming.async_stack_trace {
+        AsyncStackTraceOption::Off => None,
+        c => await_tree::ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .verbose(c.is_verbose().unwrap())
+            .build()
+            .ok(),
+    };
+    let await_tree_reg =
+        await_tree_config.map(|c| Arc::new(RwLock::new(await_tree::Registry::new(c))));
+
+    (
+        sstable_store,
+        memory_limiter,
+        await_tree_reg,
+        storage_opts,
+        compactor_metrics,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Fetches and runs compaction tasks.
+pub async fn compactor_serve(
+    listen_addr: SocketAddr,
+    advertise_addr: HostAddr,
+    opts: CompactorOpts,
+) -> (JoinHandle<()>, JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
+    let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, &opts);
+    info!("Starting compactor node",);
+    info!("> config: {:?}", config);
+    info!(
+        "> debug assertions: {}",
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) { "on" } else { "off" }
+    );
+    info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
+
+    // Register to the cluster.
+    let (meta_client, system_params_reader) = MetaClient::register_new(
+        &opts.meta_address,
+        WorkerType::Compactor,
+        &advertise_addr,
+        Default::default(),
+        &config.meta,
+    )
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    info!("Assigned compactor id {}", meta_client.worker_id());
+    meta_client.activate(&advertise_addr).await.unwrap();
+
+    let hummock_metrics = Arc::new(GLOBAL_HUMMOCK_METRICS.clone());
+
+    let hummock_meta_client = Arc::new(MonitoredHummockMetaClient::new(
+        meta_client.clone(),
+        hummock_metrics.clone(),
+    ));
+
+    let (sstable_store, memory_limiter, await_tree_reg, storage_opts, compactor_metrics) =
+        prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params_reader.clone()).await;
+
     let filter_key_extractor_manager = Arc::new(RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager::new(Box::new(
         RemoteTableAccessor::new(meta_client.clone()),
     )));
@@ -171,27 +217,13 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
     // limited at first.
     let observer_join_handle = observer_manager.start().await;
 
-    let memory_limiter = Arc::new(MemoryLimiter::new(compactor_memory_limit_bytes));
-    let memory_collector = Arc::new(CompactorMemoryCollector::new(
-        sstable_store.clone(),
-        memory_limiter.clone(),
-        storage_memory_config,
-    ));
-
-    monitor_cache(memory_collector);
     let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
         hummock_meta_client.clone(),
         storage_opts.sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
     ));
-    let await_tree_config = match &config.streaming.async_stack_trace {
-        AsyncStackTraceOption::Off => None,
-        c => await_tree::ConfigBuilder::default()
-            .verbose(c.is_verbose().unwrap())
-            .build()
-            .ok(),
-    };
-    let await_tree_reg =
-        await_tree_config.map(|c| Arc::new(RwLock::new(await_tree::Registry::new(c))));
+    let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
+    );
     let compactor_context = CompactorContext {
         storage_opts,
         sstable_store: sstable_store.clone(),
@@ -200,9 +232,6 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
         compaction_executor: Arc::new(CompactionExecutor::new(
             opts.compaction_worker_threads_number,
         )),
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
-            filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
-        ),
         memory_limiter,
 
         task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
@@ -219,6 +248,7 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
             compactor_context.clone(),
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
         ),
     ];
 
@@ -275,3 +305,94 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
 
     (join_handle, observer_join_handle, shutdown_send)
 }
+
+pub async fn shared_compactor_serve(
+    listen_addr: SocketAddr,
+    opts: CompactorOpts,
+) -> (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
+    let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, &opts);
+    info!("Starting shared compactor node",);
+    info!("> config: {:?}", config);
+    info!(
+        "> debug assertions: {}",
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) { "on" } else { "off" }
+    );
+    info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
+
+    let endpoint: &'static str = Box::leak(opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint.clone().into_boxed_str());
+    let endpoint = Endpoint::from_static(endpoint);
+    let channel = endpoint
+        .http2_keep_alive_interval(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC))
+        .keep_alive_timeout(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC))
+        .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
+        .connect()
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to create channel via proxy rpc endpoint.");
+    let grpc_proxy_client = GrpcCompactorProxyClient::new(channel);
+    let system_params_response = grpc_proxy_client
+        .get_system_params()
+        .await
+        .expect("Fail to get system params, the compactor pod cannot be started.");
+    let system_params = system_params_response.into_inner().params.unwrap();
+
+    let (sstable_store, memory_limiter, await_tree_reg, storage_opts, compactor_metrics) =
+        prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params.into()).await;
+    let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+    let compactor_srv: CompactorServiceImpl = CompactorServiceImpl::new(sender);
+
+    let monitor_srv = MonitorServiceImpl::new(await_tree_reg.clone());
+    let (shutdown_send, mut shutdown_recv) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+    let compactor_context = CompactorContext {
+        storage_opts,
+        sstable_store,
+        compactor_metrics,
+        is_share_buffer_compact: false,
+        compaction_executor: Arc::new(CompactionExecutor::new(
+            opts.compaction_worker_threads_number,
+        )),
+        memory_limiter,
+        task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
+        await_tree_reg,
+        running_task_count: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
+    };
+    let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        tonic::transport::Server::builder()
+            .add_service(CompactorServiceServer::new(compactor_srv))
+            .add_service(MonitorServiceServer::new(monitor_srv))
+            .monitored_serve_with_shutdown(
+                listen_addr,
+                "grpc-compactor-node-service",
+                TcpConfig {
+                    tcp_nodelay: true,
+                    keepalive_duration: None,
+                },
+                async move {
+                    let (join_handle, shutdown_sender) =
+                        risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::start_shared_compactor(
+                            grpc_proxy_client,
+                            receiver,
+                            compactor_context,
+                        );
+                    tokio::select! {
+                        _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {},
+                        _ = &mut shutdown_recv => {
+                                if let Err(err) = shutdown_sender.send(()) {
+                                    tracing::warn!("Failed to send shutdown: {:?}", err);
+                                }
+                                if let Err(err) = join_handle.await {
+                                    tracing::warn!("Failed to join shutdown: {:?}", err);
+                                }
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+    });
+
+    // Boot metrics service.
+    if config.server.metrics_level > MetricLevel::Disabled {
+        MetricsManager::boot_metrics_service(opts.prometheus_listener_addr.clone());
+    }
+
+    (join_handle, shutdown_send)
+}
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index 3487edd3a2a06..1ac4fa1b7cfc2 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property;
     use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
     use risingwave_storage::filter_key_extractor::{
-        FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager, FilterKeyExtractorManagerRef,
-        FixedLengthFilterKeyExtractor, FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor,
+        FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager, FixedLengthFilterKeyExtractor,
+        FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor,
     };
     use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::{compact, CompactorRunner};
     use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::fast_compactor_runner::CompactorRunner as FastCompactorRunner;
@@ -177,21 +177,13 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-        storage: &HummockStorage,
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManagerRef,
-    ) -> CompactorContext {
-        get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager_impl(
-            storage.storage_opts().clone(),
-            storage.sstable_store(),
-            filter_key_extractor_manager,
-        )
+    fn get_compactor_context(storage: &HummockStorage) -> CompactorContext {
+        get_compactor_context_impl(storage.storage_opts().clone(), storage.sstable_store())
     }
 
-    fn get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager_impl(
+    fn get_compactor_context_impl(
         options: Arc<StorageOpts>,
         sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManagerRef,
     ) -> CompactorContext {
         CompactorContext {
             storage_opts: options,
@@ -200,9 +192,6 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             is_share_buffer_compact: false,
             compaction_executor: Arc::new(CompactionExecutor::new(Some(1))),
             memory_limiter: MemoryLimiter::unlimit(),
-            filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
-                filter_key_extractor_manager,
-            ),
             task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
             await_tree_reg: None,
             running_task_count: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
@@ -242,10 +231,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             ) => rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
             FilterKeyExtractorManager::StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager(_) => unreachable!(),
         };
-        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-            &storage,
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
             rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
         );
+        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context(&storage);
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             storage
@@ -303,6 +292,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 compact_task.clone(),
                 rx,
                 Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
             )
             .await;
 
@@ -405,10 +395,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             ) => rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
             FilterKeyExtractorManager::StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager(_) => unreachable!(),
         };
-        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-            &storage,
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
             rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
         );
+        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context(&storage);
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             storage
@@ -452,6 +442,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 compact_task.clone(),
                 rx,
                 Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
             )
             .await;
 
@@ -483,7 +474,6 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 target_table_size
             );
         }
-
         // 5. storage get back the correct kv after compaction
         storage.wait_version(version).await;
         let get_val = storage
@@ -552,10 +542,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn prepare_compactor_and_filter(
+    pub fn prepare_compactor_and_filter(
         storage: &HummockStorage,
         existing_table_id: u32,
-    ) -> CompactorContext {
+    ) -> (CompactorContext, FilterKeyExtractorManager) {
         let rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager = match storage.filter_key_extractor_manager().clone()
         {
             FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
@@ -568,10 +558,11 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::FullKey(FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor)),
         );
 
-        get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-            storage,
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
             rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
-        )
+        );
+
+        (get_compactor_context(storage), filter_key_extractor_manager)
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -679,11 +670,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             2,
             Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::FullKey(FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor)),
         );
-
-        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager_impl(
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+            rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
+        );
+        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_impl(
             global_storage.storage_opts().clone(),
             global_storage.sstable_store(),
-            rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
         );
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
@@ -776,6 +768,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
             Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager,
         )
         .await;
 
@@ -869,10 +862,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             FilterKeyExtractorManager::StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager(_) => unreachable!(),
         };
 
-        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-            &storage,
-            rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
-        );
+        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context(&storage);
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             storage
@@ -884,7 +874,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             2,
             Arc::new(FilterKeyExtractorImpl::FullKey(FullKeyFilterKeyExtractor)),
         );
-
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+            rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
+        );
         // 1. add sstables
         let val = Bytes::from(b"0"[..].to_vec()); // 1 Byte value
 
@@ -966,6 +958,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
             Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager,
         )
         .await;
 
@@ -1070,10 +1063,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 FixedLengthFilterKeyExtractor::new(TABLE_PREFIX_LEN + key_prefix.len()),
             )),
         );
-        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context_with_filter_key_extractor_manager(
-            &storage,
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
             rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager,
         );
+        let compact_ctx = get_compactor_context(&storage);
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             storage
@@ -1151,6 +1144,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
             Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager,
         )
         .await;
 
@@ -1248,7 +1242,8 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             TableId::from(existing_table_id),
         )
         .await;
-        let compact_ctx = prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
+        let (compact_ctx, filter_key_extractor_manager) =
+            prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
         let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
             storage
@@ -1309,6 +1304,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
             Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager,
         )
         .await;
 
@@ -1351,7 +1347,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         )
         .await;
         hummock_manager_ref.get_new_sst_ids(10).await.unwrap();
-        let compact_ctx = prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
+        let (compact_ctx, _) = prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
 
         let sstable_store = compact_ctx.sstable_store.clone();
         let capacity = 256 * 1024;
@@ -1401,17 +1397,17 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             0,
             compact_ctx.clone(),
             task.clone(),
-            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(VecDeque::from_iter([
-                5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
-            ]))),
+            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::for_test(
+                VecDeque::from_iter([5, 6, 7, 8, 9]),
+            )),
         );
         let fast_compact_runner = FastCompactorRunner::new(
             compact_ctx.clone(),
             task.clone(),
             multi_filter_key_extractor.clone(),
-            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(VecDeque::from_iter([
-                10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
-            ]))),
+            Box::new(SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::for_test(
+                VecDeque::from_iter([10, 11, 12, 13, 14]),
+            )),
             Arc::new(TaskProgress::default()),
         );
         let (_, ret1, _) = slow_compact_runner
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
index d28db261785c0..83764e4275cb3 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use risingwave_meta::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, MockHummockMetaClient};
 use risingwave_meta::manager::LocalNotification;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::TaskStatus;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
+use risingwave_storage::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorManager;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::compact;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::CompactorContext;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::{CachePolicy, GetObjectId, SstableObjectIdManager};
@@ -44,9 +45,8 @@ use risingwave_storage::store::{LocalStateStore, NewLocalOptions, ReadOptions, S
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use serial_test::serial;
 
-use super::compactor_tests::tests::{
-    flush_and_commit, get_hummock_storage, prepare_compactor_and_filter,
-};
+use super::compactor_tests::tests::{get_hummock_storage, prepare_compactor_and_filter};
+use crate::compactor_tests::tests::flush_and_commit;
 use crate::get_notification_client_for_test;
 use crate::local_state_store_test_utils::LocalStateStoreTestExt;
 use crate::test_utils::gen_key_from_bytes;
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_test_local_notification_receiver() {
 pub async fn compact_once(
     hummock_manager_ref: HummockManagerRef,
     compact_ctx: CompactorContext,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
     sstable_object_id_manager: Arc<SstableObjectIdManager>,
 ) {
     // 2. get compact task
@@ -259,6 +260,7 @@ pub async fn compact_once(
         compact_task.clone(),
         rx,
         Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager),
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
     )
     .await;
 
@@ -291,7 +293,8 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
         TableId::from(existing_table_id),
     )
     .await;
-    let compact_ctx = prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
+    let (compact_ctx, filter_key_extractor_manager) =
+        prepare_compactor_and_filter(&storage, existing_table_id);
 
     let sstable_object_id_manager = Arc::new(SstableObjectIdManager::new(
         hummock_meta_client.clone(),
@@ -348,6 +351,7 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     compact_once(
         hummock_manager_ref.clone(),
         compact_ctx.clone(),
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
         sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
     )
     .await;
@@ -378,6 +382,7 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     compact_once(
         hummock_manager_ref.clone(),
         compact_ctx.clone(),
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
         sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
     )
     .await;
@@ -409,6 +414,7 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     compact_once(
         hummock_manager_ref.clone(),
         compact_ctx.clone(),
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
         sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
     )
     .await;
@@ -434,6 +440,7 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_get_in_delete_range_boundary() {
     compact_once(
         hummock_manager_ref.clone(),
         compact_ctx.clone(),
+        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
         sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
     )
     .await;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
index 245673f7656a8..5f28a076888ef 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ pub async fn generate_splits(
         indexes.sort_by(|a, b| KeyComparator::compare_encoded_full_key(a.1.as_ref(), b.1.as_ref()));
         let mut splits = vec![];
         splits.push(KeyRange_vec::new(vec![], vec![]));
+
         let worker_num = context.compaction_executor.worker_num();
 
         let parallelism = std::cmp::min(
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index 85bfb7235b1c9..567edc4cdd7e9 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver;
 
 use super::task_progress::TaskProgress;
 use super::{CompactionStatistics, TaskConfig};
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorImpl;
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::{FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager};
 use crate::hummock::compactor::compaction_utils::{
     build_multi_compaction_filter, estimate_task_output_capacity, generate_splits,
 };
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
     mut compact_task: CompactTask,
     mut shutdown_rx: Receiver<()>,
     object_id_getter: Box<dyn GetObjectId>,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
 ) -> (CompactTask, HashMap<u32, TableStats>) {
     let context = compactor_context.clone();
     let group_label = compact_task.compaction_group_id.to_string();
@@ -316,8 +317,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
             .into_iter()
             .filter(|table_id| existing_table_ids.contains(table_id)),
     );
-    let multi_filter_key_extractor = match compactor_context
-        .filter_key_extractor_manager
+    let multi_filter_key_extractor = match filter_key_extractor_manager
         .acquire(compact_table_ids.clone())
         .await
     {
@@ -868,6 +868,7 @@ where
 
     Ok(compaction_statistics)
 }
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashSet;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/context.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/context.rs
index ad3d5ffcc2dd6..ef015f26cded7 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/context.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/context.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 
 use super::task_progress::TaskProgressManagerRef;
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorManager;
 use crate::hummock::compactor::CompactionExecutor;
 use crate::hummock::sstable_store::SstableStoreRef;
 use crate::hummock::MemoryLimiter;
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@ pub struct CompactorContext {
 
     pub compaction_executor: Arc<CompactionExecutor>,
 
-    pub filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
-
     pub memory_limiter: Arc<MemoryLimiter>,
 
     pub task_progress_manager: TaskProgressManagerRef,
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@ impl CompactorContext {
         storage_opts: Arc<StorageOpts>,
         sstable_store: SstableStoreRef,
         compactor_metrics: Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
     ) -> Self {
         let compaction_executor = if storage_opts.share_buffer_compaction_worker_threads_number == 0
         {
@@ -76,7 +72,6 @@ impl CompactorContext {
             compactor_metrics,
             is_share_buffer_compact: true,
             compaction_executor,
-            filter_key_extractor_manager,
             memory_limiter: MemoryLimiter::unlimit(),
             task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
             await_tree_reg: None,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
index 8442bf39c124e..7012cf952317c 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@
 mod compaction_executor;
 mod compaction_filter;
 pub mod compaction_utils;
+use risingwave_pb::compactor::{dispatch_compaction_task_request, DispatchCompactionTaskRequest};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::report_compaction_task_request::{
+    Event as ReportCompactionTaskEvent, HeartBeat as SharedHeartBeat,
+    ReportTask as ReportSharedTask,
+};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{ReportFullScanTaskRequest, ReportVacuumTaskRequest};
+use risingwave_rpc_client::GrpcCompactorProxyClient;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tonic::Request;
+
 pub mod compactor_runner;
 mod context;
 pub mod fast_compactor_runner;
@@ -22,7 +32,7 @@ mod iterator;
 mod shared_buffer_compact;
 pub(super) mod task_progress;
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
@@ -46,7 +56,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::{
 };
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_response::Event as ResponseEvent;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
-    CompactTaskProgress, SubscribeCompactionEventRequest, SubscribeCompactionEventResponse,
+    CompactTaskProgress, ReportCompactionTaskRequest, SubscribeCompactionEventRequest,
+    SubscribeCompactionEventResponse,
 };
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
 pub use shared_buffer_compact::{compact, merge_imms_in_memory};
@@ -61,14 +72,17 @@ use super::{
     CompactionDeleteRanges, GetObjectId, HummockResult, SstableBuilderOptions,
     SstableObjectIdManager, Xor16FilterBuilder,
 };
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorImpl;
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::{
+    FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager, StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager,
+};
 use crate::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::compact_and_build_sst;
 use crate::hummock::iterator::{Forward, HummockIterator};
 use crate::hummock::multi_builder::SplitTableOutput;
 use crate::hummock::vacuum::Vacuum;
 use crate::hummock::{
     validate_ssts, BatchSstableWriterFactory, BlockedXor16FilterBuilder, FilterBuilder,
-    HummockError, SstableWriterFactory, StreamingSstableWriterFactory,
+    HummockError, SharedComapctorObjectIdManager, SstableWriterFactory,
+    StreamingSstableWriterFactory,
 };
 use crate::monitor::CompactorMetrics;
 
@@ -316,6 +330,7 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
     compactor_context: CompactorContext,
     hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
     sstable_object_id_manager: Arc<SstableObjectIdManager>,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
 ) -> (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
     type CompactionShutdownMap = Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u64, Sender<()>>>>;
     let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
@@ -391,17 +406,8 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
                 let request_sender = request_sender.clone();
                 let event: Option<Result<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse, _>> = tokio::select! {
                     _ = periodic_event_interval.tick() => {
-                        let mut progress_list = Vec::new();
-                        for (&task_id, progress) in &*task_progress.lock() {
-                            progress_list.push(CompactTaskProgress {
-                                task_id,
-                                num_ssts_sealed: progress.num_ssts_sealed.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
-                                num_ssts_uploaded: progress.num_ssts_uploaded.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
-                                num_progress_key: progress.num_progress_key.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
-                                num_pending_read_io: progress.num_pending_read_io.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64,
-                                num_pending_write_io: progress.num_pending_write_io.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64,
-                            });
-                        }
+                        let progress_list = get_task_progress(task_progress.clone());
+
 
                         if let Err(e) = request_sender.send(SubscribeCompactionEventRequest {
                             event: Some(RequestEvent::HeartBeat(
@@ -458,7 +464,6 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
 
                         continue;
                     }
-
                     event = response_event_stream.next() => {
                         event
                     }
@@ -489,6 +494,7 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
 
                         let meta_client = hummock_meta_client.clone();
                         let sstable_object_id_manager = sstable_object_id_manager.clone();
+                        let filter_key_extractor_manager = filter_key_extractor_manager.clone();
                         executor.spawn(async move {
                                 let running_task_count = running_task_count.clone();
                                 match event {
@@ -507,7 +513,7 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
                                                         sstable_object_id_manager.remove_watermark_object_id(tracker_id);
                                                     },
                                                 );
-                                                compactor_runner::compact(context, compact_task, rx, Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone())).await
+                                                compactor_runner::compact(context, compact_task, rx, Box::new(sstable_object_id_manager.clone()), filter_key_extractor_manager.clone()).await
                                             },
                                             Err(err) => {
                                                 tracing::warn!("Failed to track pending SST object id. {:#?}", err);
@@ -608,3 +614,204 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
 
     (join_handle, shutdown_tx)
 }
+
+/// The background compaction thread that receives compaction tasks from hummock compaction
+/// manager and runs compaction tasks.
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+pub fn start_shared_compactor(
+    grpc_proxy_client: GrpcCompactorProxyClient,
+    mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>>,
+    context: CompactorContext,
+) -> (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
+    type CompactionShutdownMap = Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u64, Sender<()>>>>;
+    let task_progress = context.task_progress_manager.clone();
+    let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+    let periodic_event_update_interval = Duration::from_millis(1000);
+
+    let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let shutdown_map = CompactionShutdownMap::default();
+
+        let mut periodic_event_interval = tokio::time::interval(periodic_event_update_interval);
+        let executor = context.compaction_executor.clone();
+        let report_heartbeat_client = grpc_proxy_client.clone();
+        'consume_stream: loop {
+            let request: Option<Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>> = tokio::select! {
+                _ = periodic_event_interval.tick() => {
+                    let progress_list = get_task_progress(task_progress.clone());
+                    let report_compaction_task_request = ReportCompactionTaskRequest{
+                        event: Some(ReportCompactionTaskEvent::HeartBeat(
+                            SharedHeartBeat {
+                                progress: progress_list
+                            }
+                        )),
+                     };
+                    if let Err(e) = report_heartbeat_client.report_compaction_task(report_compaction_task_request).await{
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to report heartbeat {:#?}", e);
+                    }
+                    continue
+                }
+
+
+                _ = &mut shutdown_rx => {
+                    tracing::info!("Compactor is shutting down");
+                    return
+                }
+
+                request = receiver.recv() => {
+                    request
+                }
+
+            };
+            match request {
+                Some(request) => {
+                    let context = context.clone();
+                    let shutdown = shutdown_map.clone();
+
+                    let cloned_grpc_proxy_client = grpc_proxy_client.clone();
+                    executor.spawn(async move {
+                        let DispatchCompactionTaskRequest {
+                            tables,
+                            output_object_ids,
+                            task: dispatch_task,
+                        } = request.into_inner();
+                        let id_to_tables = tables.into_iter().fold(HashMap::new(), |mut acc, table| {
+                            acc.insert(table.id, table);
+                            acc
+                        });
+                        let static_filter_key_extractor_manager: Arc<StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager> =
+                            Arc::new(StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager::new(id_to_tables));
+                        let filter_key_extractor_manager =
+                            FilterKeyExtractorManager::StaticFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+                                static_filter_key_extractor_manager,
+                            );
+
+                        let mut output_object_ids_deque: VecDeque<_> = VecDeque::new();
+                        output_object_ids_deque.extend(output_object_ids);
+                        let shared_compactor_object_id_manager =
+                            SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(output_object_ids_deque, cloned_grpc_proxy_client.clone(), context.storage_opts.sstable_id_remote_fetch_number);
+                            match dispatch_task.unwrap() {
+                                dispatch_compaction_task_request::Task::CompactTask(compact_task) => {
+                                    context.running_task_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                                    let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+                                    let task_id = compact_task.task_id;
+                                    shutdown.lock().unwrap().insert(task_id, tx);
+
+                                    let (compact_task, table_stats) = compactor_runner::compact(
+                                        context.clone(),
+                                        compact_task,
+                                        rx,
+                                        Box::new(shared_compactor_object_id_manager),
+                                        filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
+                                    )
+                                    .await;
+                                    shutdown.lock().unwrap().remove(&task_id);
+                                    context.running_task_count.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                                    let report_compaction_task_request = ReportCompactionTaskRequest {
+                                        event: Some(ReportCompactionTaskEvent::ReportTask(ReportSharedTask {
+                                            compact_task: Some(compact_task),
+                                            table_stats_change: to_prost_table_stats_map(table_stats),
+                                        })),
+                                    };
+
+                                    match cloned_grpc_proxy_client
+                                        .report_compaction_task(report_compaction_task_request)
+                                        .await
+                                    {
+                                        Ok(_) => {}
+                                        Err(e) => tracing::warn!("Failed to report task {task_id:?} . {e:?}"),
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                dispatch_compaction_task_request::Task::VacuumTask(vacuum_task) => {
+                                    match Vacuum::handle_vacuum_task(
+                                        context.sstable_store.clone(),
+                                        &vacuum_task.sstable_object_ids,
+                                    )
+                                    .await
+                                    {
+                                        Ok(_) => {
+                                            let report_vacuum_task_request = ReportVacuumTaskRequest {
+                                                vacuum_task: Some(vacuum_task),
+                                            };
+                                            match cloned_grpc_proxy_client.report_vacuum_task(report_vacuum_task_request).await {
+                                                Ok(_) => tracing::info!("Finished vacuuming SSTs"),
+                                                Err(e) => tracing::warn!("Failed to report vacuum task: {:#?}", e),
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Err(e) => {
+                                            tracing::warn!("Failed to vacuum task: {:#?}", e)
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                dispatch_compaction_task_request::Task::FullScanTask(full_scan_task) => {
+                                    match Vacuum::handle_full_scan_task(full_scan_task, context.sstable_store.clone())
+                                        .await
+                                    {
+                                        Ok((object_ids, total_object_count, total_object_size)) => {
+                                            let report_full_scan_task_request = ReportFullScanTaskRequest {
+                                                object_ids,
+                                                total_object_count,
+                                                total_object_size,
+                                            };
+                                            match cloned_grpc_proxy_client
+                                                .report_full_scan_task(report_full_scan_task_request)
+                                                .await
+                                            {
+                                                Ok(_) => tracing::info!("Finished full scan SSTs"),
+                                                Err(e) => tracing::warn!("Failed to report full scan task: {:#?}", e),
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Err(e) => {
+                                            tracing::warn!("Failed to iter object: {:#?}", e);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                dispatch_compaction_task_request::Task::ValidationTask(validation_task) => {
+                                    validate_ssts(validation_task, context.sstable_store.clone()).await;
+                                }
+                                dispatch_compaction_task_request::Task::CancelCompactTask(cancel_compact_task) => {
+                                    if let Some(tx) = shutdown
+                                        .lock()
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                        .remove(&cancel_compact_task.task_id)
+                                    {
+                                        if tx.send(()).is_err() {
+                                            tracing::warn!(
+                                                "Cancellation of compaction task failed. task_id: {}",
+                                                cancel_compact_task.task_id
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        tracing::warn!(
+                                            "Attempting to cancel non-existent compaction task. task_id: {}",
+                                            cancel_compact_task.task_id
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                    });
+                }
+                None => continue 'consume_stream,
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    (join_handle, shutdown_tx)
+}
+
+fn get_task_progress(
+    task_progress: Arc<
+        parking_lot::lock_api::Mutex<parking_lot::RawMutex, HashMap<u64, Arc<TaskProgress>>>,
+    >,
+) -> Vec<CompactTaskProgress> {
+    let mut progress_list = Vec::new();
+    for (&task_id, progress) in &*task_progress.lock() {
+        progress_list.push(CompactTaskProgress {
+            task_id,
+            num_ssts_sealed: progress.num_ssts_sealed.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            num_ssts_uploaded: progress.num_ssts_uploaded.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            num_progress_key: progress.num_progress_key.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            num_pending_read_io: progress.num_pending_read_io.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64,
+            num_pending_write_io: progress.num_pending_write_io.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64,
+        });
+    }
+    progress_list
+}
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
index 0eca74f1dcaba..428361237c0ac 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/shared_buffer_compact.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{CompactionGroupId, HummockEpoch, LocalSstableInfo};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
 use tracing::error;
 
-use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorImpl;
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::{FilterKeyExtractorImpl, FilterKeyExtractorManager};
 use crate::hummock::compactor::compaction_filter::DummyCompactionFilter;
 use crate::hummock::compactor::context::CompactorContext;
 use crate::hummock::compactor::{CompactOutput, Compactor};
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
     sstable_object_id_manager: SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
     payload: UploadTaskPayload,
     compaction_group_index: Arc<HashMap<TableId, CompactionGroupId>>,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
 ) -> HummockResult<Vec<LocalSstableInfo>> {
     let mut grouped_payload: HashMap<CompactionGroupId, UploadTaskPayload> = HashMap::new();
     for imm in payload {
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
             compact_shared_buffer(
                 context.clone(),
                 sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
+                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
                 group_payload,
             )
             .map_ok(move |results| {
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ pub async fn compact(
 async fn compact_shared_buffer(
     context: CompactorContext,
     sstable_object_id_manager: SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
     mut payload: UploadTaskPayload,
 ) -> HummockResult<Vec<LocalSstableInfo>> {
     // Local memory compaction looks at all key ranges.
@@ -124,8 +127,7 @@ async fn compact_shared_buffer(
 
     assert!(!existing_table_ids.is_empty());
 
-    let multi_filter_key_extractor = context
-        .filter_key_extractor_manager
+    let multi_filter_key_extractor = filter_key_extractor_manager
         .acquire(existing_table_ids.clone())
         .await?;
     if let FilterKeyExtractorImpl::Multi(multi) = &multi_filter_key_extractor {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/hummock_event_handler.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/hummock_event_handler.rs
index d9e25ebe46555..c55b73e6af6b0 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/hummock_event_handler.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/hummock_event_handler.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use tracing::{error, info, trace, warn};
 
 use super::refiller::{CacheRefillConfig, CacheRefiller};
 use super::{LocalInstanceGuard, LocalInstanceId, ReadVersionMappingType};
+use crate::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorManager;
 use crate::hummock::compactor::{compact, CompactorContext};
 use crate::hummock::conflict_detector::ConflictDetector;
 use crate::hummock::event_handler::refiller::CacheRefillerEvent;
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ async fn flush_imms(
     payload: UploadTaskPayload,
     task_info: UploadTaskInfo,
     compactor_context: CompactorContext,
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
     sstable_object_id_manager: Arc<SstableObjectIdManager>,
 ) -> HummockResult<Vec<LocalSstableInfo>> {
     for epoch in &task_info.epochs {
@@ -148,6 +150,7 @@ async fn flush_imms(
         sstable_object_id_manager,
         payload,
         task_info.compaction_group_index,
+        filter_key_extractor_manager,
     )
     .verbose_instrument_await("shared_buffer_compact")
     .await
@@ -159,6 +162,7 @@ impl HummockEventHandler {
         hummock_event_rx: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<HummockEvent>,
         pinned_version: PinnedVersion,
         compactor_context: CompactorContext,
+        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
         sstable_object_id_manager: Arc<SstableObjectIdManager>,
         state_store_metrics: Arc<HummockStateStoreMetrics>,
         cache_refill_config: CacheRefillConfig,
@@ -184,6 +188,7 @@ impl HummockEventHandler {
                     payload,
                     task_info,
                     upload_compactor_context.clone(),
+                    filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
                     cloned_sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
                 ))
             }),
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/sstable_object_id_manager.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/sstable_object_id_manager.rs
index 6ae7ddad4a7ea..69ca3712eb379 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/sstable_object_id_manager.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/sstable_object_id_manager.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockSstableObjectId, SstObjectIdRange};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::GetNewSstIdsRequest;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::{ExtraInfoSource, HummockMetaClient};
+use risingwave_rpc_client::{ExtraInfoSource, GrpcCompactorProxyClient, HummockMetaClient};
 use sync_point::sync_point;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 
@@ -198,25 +199,95 @@ impl GetObjectId for Arc<SstableObjectIdManager> {
     }
 }
 
+struct SharedComapctorObjectIdManagerCore {
+    output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>,
+    client: Option<GrpcCompactorProxyClient>,
+    sstable_id_remote_fetch_number: u32,
+}
+impl SharedComapctorObjectIdManagerCore {
+    pub fn new(
+        output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>,
+        client: GrpcCompactorProxyClient,
+        sstable_id_remote_fetch_number: u32,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            output_object_ids,
+            client: Some(client),
+            sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn for_test(output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            output_object_ids,
+            client: None,
+            sstable_id_remote_fetch_number: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// `SharedComapctorObjectIdManager` is used to get output sst id for serverless compaction.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SharedComapctorObjectIdManager {
-    output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>,
+    core: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<SharedComapctorObjectIdManagerCore>>,
 }
 
 impl SharedComapctorObjectIdManager {
-    pub fn new(output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>) -> Self {
-        Self { output_object_ids }
+    pub fn new(
+        output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>,
+        client: GrpcCompactorProxyClient,
+        sstable_id_remote_fetch_number: u32,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            core: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(
+                SharedComapctorObjectIdManagerCore::new(
+                    output_object_ids,
+                    client,
+                    sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
+                ),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn for_test(output_object_ids: VecDeque<u64>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            core: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(
+                SharedComapctorObjectIdManagerCore::for_test(output_object_ids),
+            )),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl GetObjectId for SharedComapctorObjectIdManager {
     async fn get_new_sst_object_id(&mut self) -> HummockResult<HummockSstableObjectId> {
-        if let Some(first_element) = self.output_object_ids.pop_front() {
+        let mut guard = self.core.lock().await;
+        let core = guard.deref_mut();
+
+        if let Some(first_element) = core.output_object_ids.pop_front() {
             Ok(first_element)
         } else {
-            return Err(HummockError::other("Output object id runs out"));
+            tracing::warn!("The pre-allocated object ids are used up, and new object id are obtained through RPC.");
+            let request = GetNewSstIdsRequest {
+                number: core.sstable_id_remote_fetch_number,
+            };
+            match core
+                .client
+                .as_mut()
+                .expect("GrpcCompactorProxyClient is None")
+                .get_new_sst_ids(request)
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(response) => {
+                    let resp = response.into_inner();
+                    let start_id = resp.start_id;
+                    core.output_object_ids.extend((start_id + 1)..resp.end_id);
+                    Ok(start_id)
+                }
+                Err(e) => Err(HummockError::other(format!(
+                    "Fail to get new sst id, {}",
+                    e
+                ))),
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -313,14 +384,10 @@ impl SstObjectIdTrackerInner {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
 
-    use std::collections::VecDeque;
-
     use risingwave_common::try_match_expand;
 
     use crate::hummock::sstable::sstable_object_id_manager::AutoTrackerId;
-    use crate::hummock::{
-        GetObjectId, SharedComapctorObjectIdManager, SstObjectIdTracker, TrackerId,
-    };
+    use crate::hummock::{SstObjectIdTracker, TrackerId};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_object_id_tracker_basic() {
@@ -390,18 +457,4 @@ mod test {
         object_id_tacker.remove_tracker(auto_id_3);
         assert!(object_id_tacker.tracking_object_ids().is_empty());
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_shared_comapctor_object_id_manager() {
-        let mut pre_allocated_object_ids: VecDeque<_> = VecDeque::new();
-        pre_allocated_object_ids.extend(vec![1, 3, 5]);
-        let mut object_id_manager = SharedComapctorObjectIdManager::new(pre_allocated_object_ids);
-        assert_eq!(object_id_manager.get_new_sst_object_id().await.unwrap(), 1);
-
-        assert_eq!(object_id_manager.get_new_sst_object_id().await.unwrap(), 3);
-
-        assert_eq!(object_id_manager.get_new_sst_object_id().await.unwrap(), 5);
-
-        assert!(object_id_manager.get_new_sst_object_id().await.is_err());
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
index a4bafcdb99c07..8ccf1af632066 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ pub struct HummockStorage {
 
     context: CompactorContext,
 
+    filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager,
+
     sstable_object_id_manager: SstableObjectIdManagerRef,
 
     buffer_tracker: BufferTracker,
@@ -154,14 +156,13 @@ impl HummockStorage {
             pin_version_rx,
             hummock_meta_client.clone(),
         ));
-
+        let filter_key_extractor_manager = FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
+            filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
+        );
         let compactor_context = CompactorContext::new_local_compact_context(
             options.clone(),
             sstable_store.clone(),
             compactor_metrics.clone(),
-            FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
-                filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
-            ),
         );
 
         let seal_epoch = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(pinned_version.max_committed_epoch()));
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@ impl HummockStorage {
             event_rx,
             pinned_version,
             compactor_context.clone(),
+            filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
             sstable_object_id_manager.clone(),
             state_store_metrics.clone(),
             CacheRefillConfig {
@@ -186,6 +188,7 @@ impl HummockStorage {
 
         let instance = Self {
             context: compactor_context,
+            filter_key_extractor_manager: filter_key_extractor_manager.clone(),
             sstable_object_id_manager,
             buffer_tracker: hummock_event_handler.buffer_tracker().clone(),
             version_update_notifier_tx: hummock_event_handler.version_update_notifier_tx(),
@@ -348,7 +351,7 @@ impl HummockStorage {
     }
 
     pub fn filter_key_extractor_manager(&self) -> &FilterKeyExtractorManager {
-        &self.context.filter_key_extractor_manager
+        &self.filter_key_extractor_manager
     }
 
     pub fn get_memory_limiter(&self) -> Arc<MemoryLimiter> {
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index 5b53ba70b86bd..486b819d3ee7e 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -581,21 +581,26 @@ fn run_compactor_thread(
     tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
     tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<()>,
 ) {
+    let filter_key_extractor_manager =
+        FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(filter_key_extractor_manager);
     let compactor_context = CompactorContext {
         storage_opts,
         sstable_store,
         compactor_metrics,
         is_share_buffer_compact: false,
         compaction_executor: Arc::new(CompactionExecutor::new(None)),
-        filter_key_extractor_manager: FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
-            filter_key_extractor_manager,
-        ),
+
         memory_limiter: MemoryLimiter::unlimit(),
         task_progress_manager: Default::default(),
         await_tree_reg: None,
         running_task_count: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
     };
-    start_compactor(compactor_context, meta_client, sstable_object_id_manager)
+    start_compactor(
+        compactor_context,
+        meta_client,
+        sstable_object_id_manager,
+        filter_key_extractor_manager,
+    )
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

From 063f58e123c6eead17f0a0da01099e2d92d3ed35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 16:08:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 159/430] refactor(watermark): avoid sending min watermark
 (#12462)

---
 e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt              |   2 +-
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs   | 156 ++++++++++--------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs            |   1 +
 src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs |   1 +
 5 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
index f145a3a46e282..4bbb5e1d83885 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ statement ok
 insert into t values ('2023-05-06 16:56:01', 1);
 
 skipif in-memory
-sleep 5s
+sleep 10s
 
 skipif in-memory
 query TI
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index f796ff0dcb690..b6241acdea569 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -104,12 +104,13 @@ where
         pk_indices: PkIndices,
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         chunk_size: usize,
+        executor_id: u64,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             info: ExecutorInfo {
                 schema,
                 pk_indices,
-                identity: "BackfillExecutor".to_owned(),
+                identity: format!("BackfillExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
             },
             upstream_table,
             upstream,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
index 5f2a92e4e7f7b..7b6a1e47f28f5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
@@ -58,8 +58,13 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         event_time_col_idx: usize,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
         table: StateTable<S>,
+        executor_id: u64,
     ) -> Self {
-        let info = input.info();
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: input.info().schema,
+            pk_indices: input.info().pk_indices,
+            identity: format!("WatermarkFilterExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
+        };
 
         Self {
             input,
@@ -119,16 +124,17 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         yield Message::Barrier(first_barrier);
 
         // Initiate and yield the first watermark.
-        let mut current_watermark =
-            Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table, watermark_type.clone()).await?;
+        let mut current_watermark = Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table).await?;
 
-        let mut last_checkpoint_watermark = watermark_type.min_value();
+        let mut last_checkpoint_watermark = None;
 
-        yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
-            event_time_col_idx,
-            watermark_type.clone(),
-            current_watermark.clone(),
-        ));
+        if let Some(watermark) = current_watermark.clone() {
+            yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
+                event_time_col_idx,
+                watermark_type.clone(),
+                watermark.clone(),
+            ));
+        }
 
         // If the input is idle
         let mut idle_input = true;
@@ -152,11 +158,16 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                         .await;
 
                     // Build the expression to calculate watermark filter.
-                    let watermark_filter_expr = Self::build_watermark_filter_expr(
-                        watermark_type.clone(),
-                        event_time_col_idx,
-                        current_watermark.clone(),
-                    )?;
+                    let watermark_filter_expr = current_watermark
+                        .clone()
+                        .map(|watermark| {
+                            Self::build_watermark_filter_expr(
+                                watermark_type.clone(),
+                                event_time_col_idx,
+                                watermark,
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .transpose()?;
 
                     // NULL watermark should not be considered.
                     let max_watermark = watermark_array
@@ -166,41 +177,53 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
 
                     if let Some(max_watermark) = max_watermark {
                         // Assign a new watermark.
-                        current_watermark = cmp::max_by(
-                            current_watermark,
+                        current_watermark = Some(current_watermark.map_or(
                             max_watermark.into_scalar_impl(),
-                            DefaultOrd::default_cmp,
-                        );
+                            |watermark| {
+                                cmp::max_by(
+                                    watermark,
+                                    max_watermark.into_scalar_impl(),
+                                    DefaultOrd::default_cmp,
+                                )
+                            },
+                        ));
                     }
 
-                    let pred_output = watermark_filter_expr
-                        .eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk(), |err| {
-                            ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                        })
-                        .await;
+                    if let Some(expr) = watermark_filter_expr {
+                        let pred_output = expr
+                            .eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk(), |err| {
+                                ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
+                            })
+                            .await;
 
-                    if let Some(output_chunk) = FilterExecutor::filter(chunk, pred_output)? {
-                        yield Message::Chunk(output_chunk);
-                    };
+                        if let Some(output_chunk) = FilterExecutor::filter(chunk, pred_output)? {
+                            yield Message::Chunk(output_chunk);
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        // No watermark
+                        yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
+                    }
 
-                    idle_input = false;
-                    yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
-                        event_time_col_idx,
-                        watermark_type.clone(),
-                        current_watermark.clone(),
-                    ));
+                    if let Some(watermark) = current_watermark.clone() {
+                        idle_input = false;
+                        yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
+                            event_time_col_idx,
+                            watermark_type.clone(),
+                            watermark,
+                        ));
+                    }
                 }
                 Message::Watermark(watermark) => {
                     if watermark.col_idx == event_time_col_idx {
                         tracing::warn!("WatermarkFilterExecutor received a watermark on the event it is filtering.");
                         let watermark = watermark.val;
-                        if current_watermark.default_cmp(&watermark).is_lt() {
-                            current_watermark = watermark;
+                        if let Some(cur_watermark) = current_watermark.clone() && cur_watermark.default_cmp(&watermark).is_lt() {
+                            current_watermark = Some(watermark.clone());
                             idle_input = false;
                             yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
                                 event_time_col_idx,
                                 watermark_type.clone(),
-                                current_watermark.clone(),
+                                watermark,
                             ));
                         }
                     } else {
@@ -215,9 +238,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
 
                         // Take the global max watermark when scaling happens.
                         if previous_vnode_bitmap != vnode_bitmap {
-                            current_watermark =
-                                Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table, watermark_type.clone())
-                                    .await?;
+                            current_watermark = Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table).await?;
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -226,12 +247,14 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                     {
                         last_checkpoint_watermark = current_watermark.clone();
                         // Persist the watermark when checkpoint arrives.
-                        let vnodes = table.get_vnodes();
-                        for vnode in vnodes.iter_vnodes() {
-                            let pk = Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(vnode.to_scalar()));
-                            let row = [pk, Some(current_watermark.clone())];
-                            // FIXME(yuhao): use upsert.
-                            table.insert(row);
+                        if let Some(watermark) = current_watermark.clone() {
+                            let vnodes = table.get_vnodes();
+                            for vnode in vnodes.iter_vnodes() {
+                                let pk = Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(vnode.to_scalar()));
+                                let row = [pk, Some(watermark.clone())];
+                                // This is an upsert.
+                                table.insert(row);
+                            }
                         }
                         table.commit(barrier.epoch).await?;
                     } else {
@@ -242,18 +265,24 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                         if idle_input {
                             // Align watermark
                             let global_max_watermark =
-                                Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table, watermark_type.clone())
-                                    .await?;
-                            current_watermark = cmp::max_by(
-                                current_watermark,
-                                global_max_watermark,
-                                DefaultOrd::default_cmp,
-                            );
-                            yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
-                                event_time_col_idx,
-                                watermark_type.clone(),
-                                current_watermark.clone(),
-                            ));
+                                Self::get_global_max_watermark(&table).await?;
+
+                            current_watermark = if let Some(global_max_watermark) = global_max_watermark.clone()  &&  let Some(watermark) = current_watermark.clone(){
+                                Some(cmp::max_by(
+                                    watermark,
+                                    global_max_watermark,
+                                    DefaultOrd::default_cmp,
+                                ))
+                            } else {
+                                current_watermark.or(global_max_watermark)
+                            };
+                            if let Some(watermark) = current_watermark.clone() {
+                                yield Message::Watermark(Watermark::new(
+                                    event_time_col_idx,
+                                    watermark_type.clone(),
+                                    watermark,
+                                ));
+                            }
                         } else {
                             idle_input = true;
                         }
@@ -280,10 +309,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         )
     }
 
+    /// If the returned if `Ok(None)`, it means there is no global max watermark.
     async fn get_global_max_watermark(
         table: &StateTable<S>,
-        watermark_type: DataType,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<ScalarImpl> {
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Option<ScalarImpl>> {
         let watermark_iter_futures = (0..VirtualNode::COUNT).map(|vnode| async move {
             let pk = row::once(Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(vnode as _)));
             let watermark_row: Option<OwnedRow> = table.get_row(pk).await?;
@@ -307,8 +336,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         let watermark = watermarks
             .into_iter()
             .flatten()
-            .max_by(DefaultOrd::default_cmp)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| watermark_type.min_value());
+            .max_by(DefaultOrd::default_cmp);
 
         Ok(watermark)
     }
@@ -389,6 +417,7 @@ mod tests {
                 1,
                 ActorContext::create(123),
                 table,
+                0,
             )
             .boxed(),
             tx,
@@ -431,13 +460,6 @@ mod tests {
             };
         }
 
-        // Init watermark
-        let watermark = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            watermark.into_watermark().unwrap(),
-            watermark!(WATERMARK_TYPE.min_value()),
-        );
-
         // push the 1st chunk
         tx.push_chunk(chunk1);
         let chunk = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
index 667772fcfdd60..81030526b82f3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
                     params.pk_indices,
                     stream.streaming_metrics.clone(),
                     params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
+                    params.executor_id,
                 )
                 .boxed()
             }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
index 84b39288c7048..62607e053b220 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for WatermarkFilterBuilder {
             event_time_col_idx,
             params.actor_context,
             table,
+            params.executor_id,
         )
         .boxed())
     }

From 5ab1f7a2fb8bf1e0b984598d95b69b50c6410c33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 20:30:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 160/430] fix(generated_column): correct the output message
 when use impure expr in generated columns. (#12494)

---
 e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs      | 16 ++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part b/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
index 08f07eb88f670..feea107fe9ac1 100644
--- a/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/ddl/table/generated_columns.slt.part
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t (v INT, t timestamptz as now()) WITH (
 ) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
 
 # create a table with impure generated column as pk.
-statement error QueryError: Bind error: Generated columns should not be part of the primary key. Here column "v2" is defined as part of the primary key.
+statement error QueryError: Bind error: Generated columns with impure expressions should not be part of the primary key. Here column "v2" is defined as part of the primary key.
 CREATE TABLE t (
   v1 INT,
   v2 timestamptz AS proctime(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
index 73c5f65add34c..81f60b64702f2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
@@ -210,17 +210,21 @@ fn check_generated_column_constraints(
             .iter()
             .any(|c| c == referred_generated_column)
         {
-            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                format!("Generated can not reference another generated column, but here generated column \"{}\" referenced another generated column \"{}\"", column_name, referred_generated_column),
-            )
+            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+                "Generated can not reference another generated column. \
+                But here generated column \"{}\" referenced another generated column \"{}\"",
+                column_name, referred_generated_column
+            ))
             .into());
         }
     }
 
     if pk_column_ids.contains(&column_id) && expr.is_impure() {
-        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-            format!("Generated columns should not be part of the primary key. Here column \"{}\" is defined as part of the primary key.", column_name),
-        )
+        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+            "Generated columns with impure expressions should not be part of the primary key. \
+            Here column \"{}\" is defined as part of the primary key.",
+            column_name
+        ))
         .into());
     }
 

From 5fb8f3e40b9789b7b65d66fa99c4e7b33db8bf2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rossil <40714231+Rossil2012@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 11:18:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 161/430] test(sink): add e2e test for pulsar-sink (#12505)

---
 ci/docker-compose.yml              | 17 +++++++++++
 ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml         | 14 +++++++++
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml      | 15 ++++++++++
 e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt      | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 risedev.yml                        | 10 +++++++
 6 files changed, 149 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt

diff --git a/ci/docker-compose.yml b/ci/docker-compose.yml
index ddef3984d3bd4..6fe7cfbfdeca2 100644
--- a/ci/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/ci/docker-compose.yml
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ services:
       - db
       - elasticsearch
       - clickhouse-server
+      - pulsar
     volumes:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
@@ -182,3 +183,19 @@ services:
       KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_INTERNAL:PLAINTEXT
       KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:9093,PLAINTEXT_INTERNAL://localhost:29093
       KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1
+
+  pulsar:
+    container_name: pulsar
+    image: apachepulsar/pulsar:latest
+    command: bin/pulsar standalone
+    ports:
+      - "6650:6650"
+      - "6651:8080"
+    expose:
+      - "8080"
+      - "6650"
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [ "CMD-SHELL", "bin/pulsar-admin brokers healthcheck"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..a2a0edb550f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+source ci/scripts/common.sh
+
+while getopts 'p:' opt; do
+    case ${opt} in
+        p )
+            profile=$OPTARG
+            ;;
+        \? )
+            echo "Invalid Option: -$OPTARG" 1>&2
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+        : )
+            echo "Invalid option: $OPTARG requires an argument" 1>&2
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+shift $((OPTIND -1))
+
+download_and_prepare_rw "$profile" source
+
+echo "--- starting risingwave cluster"
+cargo make ci-start ci-pulsar-test
+sleep 1
+
+echo "--- waiting until pulsar is healthy"
+HTTP_CODE=404
+MAX_RETRY=20
+while [[ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 && MAX_RETRY -gt 0 ]]
+do
+    HTTP_CODE=$(curl --connect-timeout 2 -s -o /dev/null -w ''%{http_code}'' http://pulsar:8080/admin/v2/clusters)
+    ((MAX_RETRY--))
+    sleep 5
+done
+
+# Exits as soon as any line fails.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+echo "--- testing pulsar sink"
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt'
+
+sleep 1
+
+echo "--- Kill cluster"
+cargo make ci-kill
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index 20a47373e0f1e..d5da5b14ae65b 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -549,6 +549,20 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  - label: "end-to-end pulsar sink test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: sink-test-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
   - label: "e2e java-binding test"
     command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-release"
     depends_on:
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index c3b0bd2728556..1727528c5946f 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -201,6 +201,21 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  - label: "end-to-end pulsar sink test"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-pulsar-sink-tests"
+    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-pulsar-sink-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-other"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: sink-test-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
   - label: "end-to-end clickhouse sink test"
     if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-clickhouse-sink-tests"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-clickhouse-sink-test.sh -p ci-dev"
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73c0220ce0f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE pulsar (
+    id BIGINT,
+    content VARCHAR,
+    PRIMARY KEY (id)
+);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO pulsar VALUES (1, 'test1');
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO pulsar VALUES (2, 'test2');
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO pulsar VALUES (3, 'test3');
+
+statement ok
+CREATE SINK pulsar_sink FROM pulsar
+WITH (
+    connector='pulsar',
+    type='upsert',
+    primary_key='id',
+    topic='persistent://public/default/rw',
+    service.url='pulsar://pulsar:6650',
+);
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE pulsar_source (
+    id BIGINT,
+    content VARCHAR
+)
+WITH (
+   connector='pulsar',
+   topic='persistent://public/default/rw',
+   service.url='pulsar://pulsar:6650',
+   scan.startup.mode='earliest',
+) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
+
+query IT rowsort
+SELECT * FROM pulsar_source;
+----
+1 test1
+2 test2
+3 test3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 0ad428794e37c..2f0a793b91215 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -805,6 +805,16 @@ profile:
       - use: frontend
       - use: compactor
 
+  ci-pulsar-test:
+    config-path: src/config/ci.toml
+    steps:
+      - use: minio
+      - use: meta-node
+      - use: compute-node
+        enable-tiered-cache: true
+      - use: frontend
+      - use: compactor
+
   hummock-trace:
     config-path: src/config/hummock-trace.toml
     steps:

From 3016948c9422c6303248bbdcc0aca9a765bee115 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:02:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 162/430] chore: enable query log by default when using risedev
 (#12406)

---
 Makefile.toml                                 | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs |  2 --
 .../src/task/compute_node_service.rs          |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs  |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/utils.rs             |  3 ---
 6 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 3f10deb424465..0c2a99351d55e 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ env_scripts = [
 #!@duckscript
 
 # only duckscript can modify env variables in cargo-make
+# duckscript doc: https://github.com/sagiegurari/duckscript/blob/master/docs/sdk.md
 
 set_env ENABLE_TELEMETRY "false"
 
@@ -70,6 +71,26 @@ else
   set_env BUILD_HUMMOCK_TRACE_CMD ""
 end
 
+is_ci = get_env RISINGWAVE_CI
+is_not_ci = not ${is_ci}
+
+if ${is_not_ci}
+  query_log_path = get_env RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH
+  no_query_log_path = not ${query_log_path}
+
+  if ${no_query_log_path}
+    set_env RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH "${PREFIX_LOG}"
+  fi
+
+  rust_log = get_env RUST_LOG
+  no_rust_log = not ${rust_log}
+
+  if ${no_rust_log}
+    set_env RUST_LOG "pgwire_query_log=info"
+  else
+    set_env RUST_LOG "pgwire_query_log=info,${rust_log}"
+  end
+end
 ''',
 ]
 
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
index d94083745154e..c1d9dc4bc5b4b 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ impl Task for CompactorService {
 
         cmd.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");
 
-        // FIXME: Otherwise, CI will throw log size too large error
-        // cmd.env("RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH", DEFAULT_QUERY_LOG_PATH);
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_PROFILE") {
             cmd.env(
                 "RW_PROFILE_PATH",
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
index 6c705154e0578..4d6ef7351b205 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
@@ -92,8 +92,6 @@ impl Task for ComputeNodeService {
             "TOKIO_CONSOLE_BIND",
             format!("127.0.0.1:{}", self.config.port + 1000),
         );
-        // FIXME: Otherwise, CI will throw log size too large error
-        // cmd.env("RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH", DEFAULT_QUERY_LOG_PATH);
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_PROFILE") {
             cmd.env(
                 "RW_PROFILE_PATH",
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
index dd0015ac188bd..c7573e0a52d8e 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
@@ -94,8 +94,6 @@ impl Task for FrontendService {
         let mut cmd = self.frontend()?;
 
         cmd.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");
-        // FIXME: Otherwise, CI will throw log size too large error
-        // cmd.env("RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH", DEFAULT_QUERY_LOG_PATH);
 
         let prefix_config = env::var("PREFIX_CONFIG")?;
         cmd.arg("--config-path")
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
index 64aca22962f9c..3f41dc9e14d56 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
@@ -174,8 +174,6 @@ impl Task for MetaNodeService {
         let mut cmd = self.meta_node()?;
 
         cmd.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");
-        // FIXME: Otherwise, CI will throw log size too large error
-        // cmd.env("RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH", DEFAULT_QUERY_LOG_PATH);
 
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_PROFILE") {
             cmd.env(
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/utils.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/utils.rs
index dbb52aaa5e644..cbf1bb8cdcedf 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/utils.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/utils.rs
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use crate::{AwsS3Config, MetaNodeConfig, MinioConfig, OpendalConfig, TempoConfig};
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) const DEFAULT_QUERY_LOG_PATH: &str = ".risingwave/log/";
-
 /// Add a meta node to the parameters.
 pub fn add_meta_node(provide_meta_node: &[MetaNodeConfig], cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<()> {
     match provide_meta_node {

From d02112a5bb6fc4a207f284c3189b6987e5722584 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:12:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 163/430] refactor(dashboard): show backpressure in fragment
 level (#12397)

---
 dashboard/components/BackPressureTable.tsx | 24 ++++++++++++----------
 dashboard/components/FragmentGraph.tsx     | 10 ++++-----
 dashboard/components/metrics.tsx           |  5 +++++
 src/meta/src/dashboard/prometheus.rs       |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dashboard/components/BackPressureTable.tsx b/dashboard/components/BackPressureTable.tsx
index 4b5e987a1b924..84ba13c3b849a 100644
--- a/dashboard/components/BackPressureTable.tsx
+++ b/dashboard/components/BackPressureTable.tsx
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ interface BackPressuresMetrics {
 }
 
 export default function BackPressureTable({
-  selectedActorIds,
+  selectedFragmentIds,
 }: {
-  selectedActorIds: Set<string>
+  selectedFragmentIds: Set<string>
 }) {
   const [backPressuresMetrics, setBackPressuresMetrics] =
     useState<BackPressuresMetrics>()
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export default function BackPressureTable({
           let metrics: BackPressuresMetrics = await getActorBackPressures()
           metrics.outputBufferBlockingDuration = sortBy(
             metrics.outputBufferBlockingDuration,
-            (m) => m.metric.actor_id
+            (m) => (m.metric.fragment_id, m.metric.downstream_fragment_id)
           )
           setBackPressuresMetrics(metrics)
           await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5000)) // refresh every 5 secs
@@ -74,25 +74,27 @@ export default function BackPressureTable({
     return () => {}
   }, [toast])
 
-  const isSelected = (actorId: string) => selectedActorIds.has(actorId)
+  const isSelected = (fragmentId: string) => selectedFragmentIds.has(fragmentId)
 
   const retVal = (
     <TableContainer>
       <Table variant="simple">
         <TableCaption>Back Pressures (Last 30 minutes)</TableCaption>
         <Thead>
-          <Th>Actor ID</Th>
-          <Th>Instance</Th>
-          <Th>Block Rate</Th>
+          <Tr>
+            <Th>Fragment IDs &rarr; Downstream</Th>
+            <Th>Block Rate</Th>
+          </Tr>
         </Thead>
         <Tbody>
           {backPressuresMetrics &&
             backPressuresMetrics.outputBufferBlockingDuration
-              .filter((m) => isSelected(m.metric.actor_id))
+              .filter((m) => isSelected(m.metric.fragment_id))
               .map((m) => (
-                <Tr key={m.metric.actor_id}>
-                  <Td>{m.metric.actor_id}</Td>
-                  <Td>{m.metric.instance}</Td>
+                <Tr
+                  key={`${m.metric.fragment_id}_${m.metric.downstream_fragment_id}`}
+                >
+                  <Td>{`Fragment ${m.metric.fragment_id} -> ${m.metric.downstream_fragment_id}`}</Td>
                   <Td>
                     <RateBar samples={m.sample} />
                   </Td>
diff --git a/dashboard/components/FragmentGraph.tsx b/dashboard/components/FragmentGraph.tsx
index 9c62680d25fc8..aa85501dc66ca 100644
--- a/dashboard/components/FragmentGraph.tsx
+++ b/dashboard/components/FragmentGraph.tsx
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export default function FragmentGraph({
         extraInfo: string
       }
     >()
-    const includedActorIds = new Set<string>()
+    const includedFragmentIds = new Set<string>()
     for (const [fragmentId, fragmentRoot] of deps) {
       const layoutRoot = treeLayoutFlip(fragmentRoot, {
         dx: nodeMarginX,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export default function FragmentGraph({
         height,
         extraInfo: `Actor ${fragmentRoot.data.actor_ids?.join(", ")}` || "",
       })
-      fragmentRoot.data.actor_ids?.forEach((id) => includedActorIds.add(id))
+      includedFragmentIds.add(fragmentId)
     }
     const fragmentLayout = layout(
       fragmentDependencyDag.map(({ width: _1, height: _2, id, ...data }) => {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export default function FragmentGraph({
       svgWidth,
       svgHeight,
       links,
-      includedActorIds,
+      includedFragmentIds,
     }
   }, [planNodeDependencies, fragmentDependency])
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ export default function FragmentGraph({
     links,
     fragmentLayout: fragmentDependencyDag,
     layoutResult: planNodeDependencyDag,
-    includedActorIds,
+    includedFragmentIds,
   } = planNodeDependencyDagCallback()
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ export default function FragmentGraph({
         <g className="actor-links" />
         <g className="actors" />
       </svg>
-      <BackPressureTable selectedActorIds={includedActorIds} />
+      <BackPressureTable selectedFragmentIds={includedFragmentIds} />
     </Fragment>
   )
 }
diff --git a/dashboard/components/metrics.tsx b/dashboard/components/metrics.tsx
index efa32175555eb..a933dbc7fd807 100644
--- a/dashboard/components/metrics.tsx
+++ b/dashboard/components/metrics.tsx
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ export interface MetricsSample {
 }
 
 export interface Metrics {
+  // Tags of this timeseries. Example: {"downstream_fragment_id":"15001","fragment_id":"15002"}
   metric: { [key: string]: string }
+
+  // Example: [{"timestamp":1695041872.0,"value":0.3797035002929275},
+  //  {"timestamp":1695041887.0,"value":0.5914327683152408},
+  //  {"timestamp":1695041902.0,"value":0.8272212493499999}, ... ]
   sample: MetricsSample[]
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/dashboard/prometheus.rs b/src/meta/src/dashboard/prometheus.rs
index 49431a29afd65..24709348c7865 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/dashboard/prometheus.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/dashboard/prometheus.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ pub async fn list_prometheus_actor_back_pressure(
 ) -> Result<Json<ActorBackPressure>> {
     if let Some(ref client) = srv.prometheus_client {
         let now = SystemTime::now();
-        let back_pressure_query = "rate(stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns{job=~\"compute\"}[60s]) / 1000000000";
+        let back_pressure_query = "avg(rate(stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns[60s])) by (fragment_id, downstream_fragment_id) / 1000000000";
         let result = client
             .query_range(
                 back_pressure_query,

From d842cfa35cc588163141ad82fdd9099f2ef43aaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:13:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 164/430] refactor(storage): refactor ReportTask event to
 reduce the network packet size (#12455)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           |   7 +-
 .../manager/compaction_group_manager.rs       |  16 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           | 176 +++++++++++------
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs         | 181 ++++++++++--------
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs        |  73 +++----
 src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs            |  11 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs          |   2 -
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       |  70 +++++--
 .../hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs      |  66 +------
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs      |   4 +-
 10 files changed, 327 insertions(+), 279 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index 1437641fcd472..c73d79e07e2b7 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -395,8 +395,13 @@ message SubscribeCompactionEventRequest {
 
   // ReportTask provides the compact task to report to the meta.
   message ReportTask {
-    CompactTask compact_task = 2;
+    reserved 2;
+    reserved "compact_task";
     map<uint32, TableStats> table_stats_change = 3;
+
+    uint64 task_id = 4;
+    CompactTask.TaskStatus task_status = 5;
+    repeated SstableInfo sorted_output_ssts = 6;
   }
 
   // HeartBeat provides the progress status of all tasks on the Compactor.
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
index 3e83937897b3d..20bf9407d1121 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
@@ -475,6 +475,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 )));
             }
         }
+
         if table_ids.len() == parent_group.member_table_ids.len() {
             return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                 "invalid split attempt for group {}: all member tables are moved",
@@ -593,8 +594,10 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 new_compaction_group_id
             }
         };
+
         let mut current_version = versioning.current_version.clone();
         let sst_split_info = current_version.apply_version_delta(&new_version_delta);
+
         let mut branched_ssts = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut versioning.branched_ssts);
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
         new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
@@ -652,10 +655,17 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 }
             }
         }
-        for mut task in canceled_tasks {
-            task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::ManualCanceled);
+
+        for task in canceled_tasks {
             if !self
-                .report_compact_task_impl(&mut task, &mut compaction_guard, None)
+                .report_compact_task_impl(
+                    task.task_id,
+                    None,
+                    TaskStatus::ManualCanceled,
+                    vec![],
+                    &mut compaction_guard,
+                    None,
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap_or(false)
             {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 4cc4c7bb6a771..5effaee29077b 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     version_update_payload, CompactTask, CompactTaskAssignment, CompactionConfig, GroupDelta,
     HummockPinnedSnapshot, HummockPinnedVersion, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion,
     HummockVersionCheckpoint, HummockVersionDelta, HummockVersionDeltas, HummockVersionStats,
-    IntraLevelDelta, SubscribeCompactionEventRequest, TableOption,
+    IntraLevelDelta, SstableInfo, SubscribeCompactionEventRequest, TableOption,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{UnboundedReceiver, UnboundedSender};
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ use tonic::Streaming;
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    CompactStatus, EmergencySelector, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption,
-    TombstoneCompactionSelector,
+    CompactStatus, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption, TombstoneCompactionSelector,
 };
 use crate::hummock::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::hummock::metrics_utils::{
@@ -226,8 +225,8 @@ macro_rules! start_measure_real_process_timer {
 pub(crate) use start_measure_real_process_timer;
 
 use super::compaction::{
-    DynamicLevelSelector, LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector,
-    TtlCompactionSelector,
+    DynamicLevelSelector, EmergencySelector, LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector,
+    SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
 };
 use crate::hummock::manager::compaction_group_manager::CompactionGroupManager;
 use crate::hummock::manager::worker::HummockManagerEventSender;
@@ -822,7 +821,6 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 return Ok(None);
             }
         };
-
         let (current_version, watermark) = {
             let versioning_guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
             let max_committed_epoch = versioning_guard.current_version.max_committed_epoch;
@@ -831,6 +829,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 .values()
                 .map(|v| v.minimal_pinned_snapshot)
                 .fold(max_committed_epoch, std::cmp::min);
+
             (versioning_guard.current_version.clone(), watermark)
         };
         if current_version.levels.get(&compaction_group_id).is_none() {
@@ -865,6 +864,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
             }
             Some(task) => task,
         };
+
         compact_task.watermark = watermark;
         compact_task.existing_table_ids = current_version
             .levels
@@ -877,8 +877,15 @@ impl HummockManager {
 
         if is_trivial_reclaim {
             compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::Success);
-            self.report_compact_task_impl(&mut compact_task, &mut compaction_guard, None)
-                .await?;
+            self.report_compact_task_impl(
+                task_id,
+                Some(compact_task.clone()),
+                TaskStatus::Success,
+                vec![],
+                &mut compaction_guard,
+                None,
+            )
+            .await?;
             tracing::debug!(
                 "TrivialReclaim for compaction group {}: remove {} sstables, cost time: {:?}",
                 compaction_group_id,
@@ -890,11 +897,19 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 start_time.elapsed()
             );
         } else if is_trivial_move && can_trivial_move {
-            compact_task.sorted_output_ssts = compact_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.clone();
             // this task has been finished and `trivial_move_task` does not need to be schedule.
             compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::Success);
-            self.report_compact_task_impl(&mut compact_task, &mut compaction_guard, None)
-                .await?;
+            compact_task.sorted_output_ssts = compact_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.clone();
+            self.report_compact_task_impl(
+                task_id,
+                Some(compact_task.clone()),
+                TaskStatus::Success,
+                compact_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.clone(),
+                &mut compaction_guard,
+                None,
+            )
+            .await?;
+
             tracing::debug!(
                 "TrivialMove for compaction group {}: pick up {} sstables in level {} to compact to target_level {}  cost time: {:?}",
                 compaction_group_id,
@@ -1008,24 +1023,30 @@ impl HummockManager {
     }
 
     /// Cancels a compaction task no matter it's assigned or unassigned.
-    pub async fn cancel_compact_task(
-        &self,
-        compact_task: &mut CompactTask,
-        task_status: TaskStatus,
-    ) -> Result<bool> {
-        compact_task.set_task_status(task_status);
+    pub async fn cancel_compact_task(&self, task_id: u64, task_status: TaskStatus) -> Result<bool> {
         fail_point!("fp_cancel_compact_task", |_| Err(Error::MetaStore(
             anyhow::anyhow!("failpoint metastore err")
         )));
-        self.cancel_compact_task_impl(compact_task).await
+        self.cancel_compact_task_impl(task_id, task_status).await
     }
 
     #[named]
-    pub async fn cancel_compact_task_impl(&self, compact_task: &mut CompactTask) -> Result<bool> {
-        assert!(CANCEL_STATUS_SET.contains(&compact_task.task_status()));
+    pub async fn cancel_compact_task_impl(
+        &self,
+        task_id: u64,
+        task_status: TaskStatus,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        assert!(CANCEL_STATUS_SET.contains(&task_status));
         let mut compaction_guard = write_lock!(self, compaction).await;
         let ret = self
-            .report_compact_task_impl(compact_task, &mut compaction_guard, None)
+            .report_compact_task_impl(
+                task_id,
+                None,
+                task_status,
+                vec![],
+                &mut compaction_guard,
+                None,
+            )
             .await?;
         #[cfg(test)]
         {
@@ -1112,19 +1133,21 @@ impl HummockManager {
     #[named]
     pub async fn report_compact_task(
         &self,
-        compact_task: &mut CompactTask,
+        task_id: u64,
+        task_status: TaskStatus,
+        sorted_output_ssts: Vec<SstableInfo>,
         table_stats_change: Option<PbTableStatsMap>,
     ) -> Result<bool> {
         let mut guard = write_lock!(self, compaction).await;
-        let ret = self
-            .report_compact_task_impl(compact_task, &mut guard, table_stats_change)
-            .await?;
-        #[cfg(test)]
-        {
-            drop(guard);
-            self.check_state_consistency().await;
-        }
-        Ok(ret)
+        self.report_compact_task_impl(
+            task_id,
+            None,
+            task_status,
+            sorted_output_ssts,
+            &mut guard,
+            table_stats_change,
+        )
+        .await
     }
 
     /// Finishes or cancels a compaction task, according to `task_status`.
@@ -1137,7 +1160,10 @@ impl HummockManager {
     #[named]
     pub async fn report_compact_task_impl(
         &self,
-        compact_task: &mut CompactTask,
+        task_id: u64,
+        trivial_move_compact_task: Option<CompactTask>,
+        task_status: TaskStatus,
+        sorted_output_ssts: Vec<SstableInfo>,
         compaction_guard: &mut RwLockWriteGuard<'_, Compaction>,
         table_stats_change: Option<PbTableStatsMap>,
     ) -> Result<bool> {
@@ -1149,18 +1175,28 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let mut compact_task_assignment =
             BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut compaction.compact_task_assignment);
 
-        let is_trivial_reclaim = CompactStatus::is_trivial_reclaim(compact_task);
-        let is_trivial_move = CompactStatus::is_trivial_move_task(compact_task);
-
         // remove task_assignment
-        if compact_task_assignment
-            .remove(compact_task.task_id)
-            .is_none()
-            && !(is_trivial_reclaim || is_trivial_move)
+        let mut compact_task = if let Some(input_task) = trivial_move_compact_task {
+            input_task
+        } else {
+            match compact_task_assignment.remove(task_id) {
+                Some(compact_task) => compact_task.compact_task.unwrap(),
+                None => {
+                    tracing::warn!("{}", format!("compact task {} not found", task_id));
+                    return Ok(false);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
         {
-            return Ok(false);
+            // apply result
+            compact_task.set_task_status(task_status);
+            compact_task.sorted_output_ssts = sorted_output_ssts;
         }
 
+        let is_trivial_reclaim = CompactStatus::is_trivial_reclaim(&compact_task);
+        let is_trivial_move = CompactStatus::is_trivial_move_task(&compact_task);
+
         {
             // The compaction task is finished.
             let mut versioning_guard = write_lock!(self, versioning).await;
@@ -1175,7 +1211,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
 
             match compact_statuses.get_mut(compact_task.compaction_group_id) {
                 Some(mut compact_status) => {
-                    compact_status.report_compact_task(compact_task);
+                    compact_status.report_compact_task(&compact_task);
                 }
                 None => {
                     compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::InvalidGroupCanceled);
@@ -1199,7 +1235,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
             let is_success = if let TaskStatus::Success = compact_task.task_status() {
                 // if member_table_ids changes, the data of sstable may stale.
                 let is_expired =
-                    Self::is_compact_task_expired(compact_task, &versioning.branched_ssts);
+                    Self::is_compact_task_expired(&compact_task, &versioning.branched_ssts);
                 if is_expired {
                     compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::InputOutdatedCanceled);
                     false
@@ -1214,7 +1250,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                         compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::InvalidGroupCanceled);
                         warn!(
                             "The task may be expired because of group split, task:\n {:?}",
-                            compact_task_to_string(compact_task)
+                            compact_task_to_string(&compact_task)
                         );
                     }
                     input_exist
@@ -1230,7 +1266,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                     &mut hummock_version_deltas,
                     &mut branched_ssts,
                     &current_version,
-                    compact_task,
+                    &compact_task,
                     deterministic_mode,
                 );
                 let mut version_stats = VarTransaction::new(&mut versioning.version_stats);
@@ -1298,7 +1334,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
 
         tracing::trace!(
             "Reported compaction task. {}. cost time: {:?}",
-            compact_task_to_string(compact_task),
+            compact_task_to_string(&compact_task),
             start_time.elapsed(),
         );
 
@@ -1478,6 +1514,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|ExtendedSstableInfo { sst_info, .. }| sst_info)
                 .collect_vec();
+
             let group_deltas = &mut new_version_delta
                 .group_deltas
                 .entry(compaction_group_id)
@@ -1905,10 +1942,12 @@ impl HummockManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
     pub fn compactor_manager_ref_for_test(&self) -> CompactorManagerRef {
         self.compactor_manager.clone()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
     #[named]
     pub async fn compaction_task_from_assignment_for_test(
         &self,
@@ -1919,6 +1958,31 @@ impl HummockManager {
         assignment_ref.get(&task_id).cloned()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+    #[named]
+    pub async fn report_compact_task_for_test(
+        &self,
+        task_id: u64,
+        compact_task: Option<CompactTask>,
+        task_status: TaskStatus,
+        sorted_output_ssts: Vec<SstableInfo>,
+        table_stats_change: Option<PbTableStatsMap>,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        let mut guard = write_lock!(self, compaction).await;
+
+        // In the test, the contents of the compact task may have been modified directly, while the contents of compact_task_assignment were not modified.
+        // So we pass the modified compact_task directly into the `report_compact_task_impl`
+        self.report_compact_task_impl(
+            task_id,
+            compact_task,
+            task_status,
+            sorted_output_ssts,
+            &mut guard,
+            table_stats_change,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
     pub fn cluster_manager(&self) -> &ClusterManagerRef {
         &self.cluster_manager
     }
@@ -2188,13 +2252,12 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                     // side, and meta is just used as a last resort to clean up the
                                     // tasks that compactor has expired.
 
-                                    //
-                                    for mut task in
+                                    for task in
                                         compactor_manager.get_expired_tasks(Some(INTERVAL_SEC))
                                     {
                                         if let Err(e) = hummock_manager
                                             .cancel_compact_task(
-                                                &mut task,
+                                                task.task_id,
                                                 TaskStatus::HeartbeatCanceled,
                                             )
                                             .await
@@ -2578,9 +2641,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                             } else {
                                                 compaction_selectors.get_mut(&task_type).unwrap()
                                             }
-
                                         };
-
                                         for _ in 0..pull_task_count {
                                             let compact_task =
                                                 hummock_manager
@@ -2636,15 +2697,14 @@ impl HummockManager {
                             },
 
                             RequestEvent::ReportTask(ReportTask {
-                                compact_task,
+                                task_id,
+                                task_status,
+                                sorted_output_ssts,
                                 table_stats_change
                             }) => {
-                                if let Some(mut compact_task) = compact_task {
-                                    if let Err(e) =  hummock_manager
-                                        .report_compact_task(&mut compact_task, Some(table_stats_change))
+                                if let Err(e) =  hummock_manager.report_compact_task(task_id, TaskStatus::from_i32(task_status).unwrap(), sorted_output_ssts, Some(table_stats_change))
                                        .await {
                                         tracing::error!("report compact_tack fail {e:?}");
-                                    }
                                 }
                             },
 
@@ -2655,7 +2715,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                 let cancel_tasks = compactor_manager.update_task_heartbeats(&progress);
 
                                 // TODO: task cancellation can be batched
-                                for mut task in cancel_tasks {
+                                for task in cancel_tasks {
                                     tracing::info!(
                                         "Task with task_id {} with context_id {} has expired due to lack of visible progress",
                                         context_id,
@@ -2664,7 +2724,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
 
                                     if let Err(e) =
                                         hummock_manager
-                                        .cancel_compact_task(&mut task, TaskStatus::HeartbeatCanceled)
+                                        .cancel_compact_task(task.task_id, TaskStatus::HeartbeatCanceled)
                                         .await
                                     {
                                         tracing::error!("Attempt to remove compaction task due to elapsed heartbeat failed. We will continue to track its heartbeat
@@ -2846,6 +2906,7 @@ fn gen_version_delta<'a>(
     group_deltas.push(group_delta);
     version_delta.gc_object_ids.append(&mut gc_object_ids);
     version_delta.safe_epoch = std::cmp::max(old_version.safe_epoch, compact_task.watermark);
+
     // Don't persist version delta generated by compaction to meta store in deterministic mode.
     // Because it will override existing version delta that has same ID generated in the data
     // ingestion phase.
@@ -2903,7 +2964,6 @@ fn init_selectors() -> HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn LevelSelector>> {
         compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone,
         Box::<TombstoneCompactionSelector>::default(),
     );
-
     compaction_selectors.insert(
         compact_task::TaskType::Emergency,
         Box::<EmergencySelector>::default(),
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
index 596149df3b8aa..44c90c7855ec9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
     .unwrap();
 
     // Get a compaction task.
-    let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
+    let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
             &mut default_level_selector(),
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
 
     // Cancel the task and succeed.
     assert!(hummock_manager
-        .cancel_compact_task(&mut compact_task, TaskStatus::ManualCanceled)
+        .cancel_compact_task(compact_task.task_id, TaskStatus::ManualCanceled)
         .await
         .unwrap());
 
     // Get a compaction task.
-    let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
+    let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
             &mut default_level_selector(),
@@ -224,10 +224,9 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
         .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(compact_task.get_task_id(), 3);
     // Finish the task and succeed.
-    compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::Success);
 
     assert!(hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compact_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(compact_task.task_id, TaskStatus::Success, vec![], None)
         .await
         .unwrap());
 }
@@ -847,15 +846,6 @@ async fn test_trigger_manual_compaction() {
         assert!(result.is_ok());
     }
 
-    let task_id: u64 = 4;
-    let compact_task = hummock_manager
-        .compaction_task_from_assignment_for_test(task_id)
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-        .compact_task
-        .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(task_id, compact_task.task_id);
-
     {
         let option = ManualCompactionOption::default();
         // all sst pending , test no compaction avail
@@ -915,7 +905,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     .unwrap();
 
     // Get a compaction task.
-    let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
+    let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
             &mut default_level_selector(),
@@ -946,14 +936,18 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     }
 
     // Cancel the task immediately and succeed.
-    compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed);
     assert!(hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compact_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            compact_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed,
+            vec![],
+            None
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap());
 
     // Get a compaction task.
-    let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
+    let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
             &mut default_level_selector(),
@@ -965,14 +959,18 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     assert_eq!(compact_task.get_task_id(), 3);
 
     // Cancel the task after heartbeat has triggered and fail.
-    compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed);
 
     // do not send heartbeats to the task for 30s seconds (ttl = 1s, heartbeat check freq. = 1s)
     // default_interval = 30s
     tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(32)).await;
 
     assert!(!hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compact_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            compact_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::ExecuteFailed,
+            vec![],
+            None
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap());
     shutdown_tx.send(()).unwrap();
@@ -1193,7 +1191,7 @@ async fn test_version_stats() {
         .compactor_manager_ref_for_test()
         .add_compactor(worker_node.id);
 
-    let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
+    let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
             &mut default_level_selector(),
@@ -1201,7 +1199,7 @@ async fn test_version_stats() {
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
-    compact_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success as _;
+    // compact_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success as _;
     let compact_table_stats_change = TableStatsMap::from([
         (
             2,
@@ -1222,7 +1220,9 @@ async fn test_version_stats() {
     ]);
     hummock_manager
         .report_compact_task(
-            &mut compact_task,
+            compact_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            vec![],
             Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(compact_table_stats_change)),
         )
         .await
@@ -1632,15 +1632,17 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_trivial_expired() {
         .register_table_ids(&[(102, 2)])
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    let mut task = hummock_manager
+    let task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(2, &mut default_level_selector())
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
+
     hummock_manager
         .split_compaction_group(2, &[100])
         .await
         .unwrap();
+
     let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> = Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
     let reclaim_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task_impl(2, &mut selector)
@@ -1666,30 +1668,32 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_trivial_expired() {
         vec![100]
     );
 
-    let mut task2 = hummock_manager
+    let task2 = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(new_group_id, &mut default_level_selector())
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
-    task2.sorted_output_ssts = vec![SstableInfo {
-        object_id: 12,
-        sst_id: 12,
-        key_range: None,
-        table_ids: vec![100],
-        min_epoch: 20,
-        max_epoch: 20,
-        ..Default::default()
-    }];
-    // delete all reference of sst-10
-    task2.task_status = TaskStatus::Success as i32;
+
     let ret = hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut task2, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            task2.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            vec![SstableInfo {
+                object_id: 12,
+                sst_id: 12,
+                key_range: None,
+                table_ids: vec![100],
+                min_epoch: 20,
+                max_epoch: 20,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }],
+            None,
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert!(ret);
-    task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success as i32;
     let ret = hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(task.task_id, TaskStatus::Success, vec![], None)
         .await
         .unwrap();
     // the task has been canceld
@@ -1750,37 +1754,41 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_on_demand_bottom_levels() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
     // Construct data via manual compaction
-    let mut compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
+    let compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
     let base_level: usize = 6;
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.target_level, base_level as u32);
-    compaction_task.sorted_output_ssts = vec![
-        SstableInfo {
-            object_id: 11,
-            sst_id: 11,
-            table_ids: vec![100, 101],
-            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
-                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 1, 1),
-                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 1, 1),
-                right_exclusive: false,
-            }),
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-        SstableInfo {
-            object_id: 12,
-            sst_id: 12,
-            table_ids: vec![100],
-            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
-                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 2, 2),
-                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 2, 2),
-                right_exclusive: false,
-            }),
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-    ];
-    compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
+
     assert!(hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compaction_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            compaction_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            vec![
+                SstableInfo {
+                    object_id: 11,
+                    sst_id: 11,
+                    table_ids: vec![100, 101],
+                    key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                        left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 1, 1),
+                        right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 1, 1),
+                        right_exclusive: false,
+                    }),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                SstableInfo {
+                    object_id: 12,
+                    sst_id: 12,
+                    table_ids: vec![100],
+                    key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                        left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 2, 2),
+                        right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(1, 2, 2),
+                        right_exclusive: false,
+                    }),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            ],
+            None
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap());
     let current_version = hummock_manager.get_current_version().await;
@@ -1911,7 +1919,7 @@ async fn test_compaction_task_expiration_due_to_split_group() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-    let mut compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
+    let compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.len(), 2);
     hummock_manager
         .split_compaction_group(2, &[100])
@@ -1919,9 +1927,9 @@ async fn test_compaction_task_expiration_due_to_split_group() {
         .unwrap();
 
     let version_1 = hummock_manager.get_current_version().await;
-    compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
+    // compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
     assert!(!hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compaction_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(compaction_task.task_id, TaskStatus::Success, vec![], None)
         .await
         .unwrap());
     let version_2 = hummock_manager.get_current_version().await;
@@ -1930,11 +1938,10 @@ async fn test_compaction_task_expiration_due_to_split_group() {
         "version should not change because compaction task has been cancelled"
     );
 
-    let mut compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
+    let compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.len(), 2);
-    compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
     hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compaction_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(compaction_task.task_id, TaskStatus::Success, vec![], None)
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
@@ -1968,18 +1975,21 @@ async fn test_move_tables_between_compaction_group() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
     // Construct data via manual compaction
-    let mut compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
+    let compaction_task = get_manual_compact_task(&hummock_manager, context_id).await;
     let base_level: usize = 6;
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.target_level, base_level as u32);
-    compaction_task.sorted_output_ssts = vec![
-        gen_sstable_info(11, 1, vec![100]),
-        gen_sstable_info(12, 2, vec![100, 101]),
-        gen_sstable_info(13, 3, vec![101, 102]),
-    ];
-    compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
     assert!(hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compaction_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            compaction_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            vec![
+                gen_sstable_info(11, 1, vec![100]),
+                gen_sstable_info(12, 2, vec![100, 101]),
+                gen_sstable_info(13, 3, vec![101, 102]),
+            ],
+            None
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap());
     let sst_2 = gen_extend_sstable_info(14, 2, 1, vec![101, 102]);
@@ -2023,7 +2033,7 @@ async fn test_move_tables_between_compaction_group() {
 
     let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> = Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
 
-    let mut compaction_task = hummock_manager
+    let compaction_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(2, &mut selector)
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -2031,11 +2041,14 @@ async fn test_move_tables_between_compaction_group() {
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.existing_table_ids, vec![101, 102]);
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
     assert_eq!(compaction_task.input_ssts[0].table_infos[0].object_id, 12);
-    compaction_task.sorted_output_ssts = vec![gen_sstable_info(20, 2, vec![101])];
-    compaction_task.task_status = TaskStatus::Success.into();
 
     let ret = hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compaction_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task(
+            compaction_task.task_id,
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            vec![gen_sstable_info(20, 2, vec![101])],
+            None,
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert!(ret);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
index 8a43ddc87247b..9f9b0fd911bd4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
@@ -98,58 +98,29 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let retry_strategy = ExponentialBackoff::from_millis(10)
             .max_delay(Duration::from_secs(60))
             .map(jitter);
-        match notification {
-            LocalNotification::WorkerNodeDeleted(worker_node) => {
-                if worker_node.get_type().unwrap() == WorkerType::Compactor {
-                    self.compactor_manager.remove_compactor(worker_node.id);
-                }
-                tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
-                    retry_strategy.clone(),
-                    || async {
-                        if let Err(err) = self.release_contexts(vec![worker_node.id]).await {
-                            tracing::warn!(
-                                "Failed to release hummock context {}. {}. Will retry.",
-                                worker_node.id,
-                                err
-                            );
-                            return Err(err);
-                        }
-                        Ok(())
-                    },
-                    RetryableError::default(),
-                )
-                .await
-                .expect("retry until success");
-                tracing::info!("Released hummock context {}", worker_node.id);
-                sync_point!("AFTER_RELEASE_HUMMOCK_CONTEXTS_ASYNC");
+        if let LocalNotification::WorkerNodeDeleted(worker_node) = notification {
+            if worker_node.get_type().unwrap() == WorkerType::Compactor {
+                self.compactor_manager.remove_compactor(worker_node.id);
             }
-            // TODO move `CompactionTaskNeedCancel` to `handle_hummock_manager_event`
-            // TODO extract retry boilerplate code
-            LocalNotification::CompactionTaskNeedCancel(compact_task) => {
-                let task_id = compact_task.task_id;
-                tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
-                    retry_strategy.clone(),
-                    || async {
-                        let mut compact_task_mut = compact_task.clone();
-                        if let Err(err) = self.cancel_compact_task_impl(&mut compact_task_mut).await
-                        {
-                            tracing::warn!(
-                                "Failed to cancel compaction task {}. {}. Will retry.",
-                                compact_task.task_id,
-                                err
-                            );
-                            return Err(err);
-                        }
-                        Ok(())
-                    },
-                    RetryableError::default(),
-                )
-                .await
-                .expect("retry until success");
-                tracing::info!("Cancelled compaction task {}", task_id);
-                sync_point!("AFTER_CANCEL_COMPACTION_TASK_ASYNC");
-            }
-            _ => {}
+            tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
+                retry_strategy.clone(),
+                || async {
+                    if let Err(err) = self.release_contexts(vec![worker_node.id]).await {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "Failed to release hummock context {}. {}. Will retry.",
+                            worker_node.id,
+                            err
+                        );
+                        return Err(err);
+                    }
+                    Ok(())
+                },
+                RetryableError::default(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("retry until success");
+            tracing::info!("Released hummock context {}", worker_node.id);
+            sync_point!("AFTER_RELEASE_HUMMOCK_CONTEXTS_ASYNC");
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
index 632d56ca2c400..70c055d387c85 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
@@ -114,10 +114,15 @@ pub async fn add_test_tables(
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(compactor.context_id(), context_id);
     }
-    compact_task.sorted_output_ssts = test_tables_2.clone();
-    compact_task.set_task_status(TaskStatus::Success);
+
     let ret = hummock_manager
-        .report_compact_task(&mut compact_task, None)
+        .report_compact_task_for_test(
+            compact_task.task_id,
+            Some(compact_task),
+            TaskStatus::Success,
+            test_tables_2.clone(),
+            None,
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
     assert!(ret);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
index 2e6272a79c68f..96c3c17ba59cd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
 use risingwave_pb::common::{WorkerNode, WorkerType};
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::CompactTask;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::relation::RelationInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::{
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ pub const IGNORED_NOTIFICATION_VERSION: u64 = 0;
 pub enum LocalNotification {
     WorkerNodeDeleted(WorkerNode),
     WorkerNodeActivated(WorkerNode),
-    CompactionTaskNeedCancel(CompactTask),
     SystemParamsChange(SystemParamsReader),
     FragmentMappingsUpsert(Vec<FragmentId>),
     FragmentMappingsDelete(Vec<FragmentId>),
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index 1ac4fa1b7cfc2..c90a99f59e03c 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 .await
                 .unwrap()
                 .uncommitted_ssts;
+
             hummock_meta_client.commit_epoch(epoch, ssts).await.unwrap();
         }
     }
@@ -223,7 +224,6 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             Default::default(),
         )
         .await;
-
         let rpc_filter_key_extractor_manager = match storage.filter_key_extractor_manager().clone()
         {
             FilterKeyExtractorManager::RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager(
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .pin_snapshot(worker_node2.id)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let key = TableKey(key.freeze());
+        let key = key.freeze();
         const SST_COUNT: u64 = 32;
         const TEST_WATERMARK: u64 = 8;
         prepare_test_put_data(
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             compact_task.current_epoch_time = 0;
 
             let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-            let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+            let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
                 compact_ctx.clone(),
                 compact_task.clone(),
                 rx,
@@ -297,7 +297,13 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await;
 
             hummock_manager_ref
-                .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+                .report_compact_task_for_test(
+                    result_task.task_id,
+                    Some(compact_task),
+                    result_task.task_status(),
+                    result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                    Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
         }
@@ -346,7 +352,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         let get_ret = storage
             .get(
-                key.clone(),
+                TableKey(key.clone()),
                 read_epoch,
                 ReadOptions {
                     cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -359,10 +365,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert_eq!(get_val, val);
         let ret = storage
             .get(
-                key.clone(),
+                TableKey(key.clone()),
                 ((TEST_WATERMARK - 1) * 1000) << 16,
                 ReadOptions {
-                    prefix_hint: Some(key.clone().0),
+                    prefix_hint: Some(key.clone()),
                     cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
                     ..Default::default()
                 },
@@ -410,7 +416,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let mut key = BytesMut::default();
         key.put_u16(0);
         key.put_slice(b"same_key");
-        let key = TableKey(key.freeze());
+        let key = key.freeze();
         const SST_COUNT: u64 = 16;
 
         let mut val = b"0"[..].repeat(1 << 20);
@@ -437,7 +443,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         {
             // 3. compact
             let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-            let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+            let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
                 compact_ctx.clone(),
                 compact_task.clone(),
                 rx,
@@ -447,7 +453,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await;
 
             hummock_manager_ref
-                .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+                .report_compact_task(
+                    result_task.task_id,
+                    result_task.task_status(),
+                    result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                    Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+                )
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
         }
@@ -478,7 +489,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         storage.wait_version(version).await;
         let get_val = storage
             .get(
-                key.clone(),
+                TableKey(key.clone()),
                 SST_COUNT + 1,
                 ReadOptions {
                     cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
@@ -607,6 +618,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
+
         assert!(compact_task.is_none());
 
         // 3. get the latest version and check
@@ -763,7 +775,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // 4. compact
         let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+        let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
             compact_ctx,
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
@@ -773,7 +785,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await;
 
         hummock_manager_ref
-            .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+            .report_compact_task(
+                result_task.task_id,
+                result_task.task_status(),
+                result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -953,7 +970,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // 3. compact
         let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+        let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
             compact_ctx,
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
@@ -963,7 +980,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await;
 
         hummock_manager_ref
-            .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+            .report_compact_task(
+                result_task.task_id,
+                result_task.task_status(),
+                result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -1139,7 +1161,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // 3. compact
         let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+        let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
             compact_ctx,
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
@@ -1149,7 +1171,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await;
 
         hummock_manager_ref
-            .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+            .report_compact_task(
+                result_task.task_id,
+                result_task.task_status(),
+                result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -1299,7 +1326,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // 3. compact
         let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+        let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
             compact_ctx,
             compact_task.clone(),
             rx,
@@ -1309,7 +1336,12 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await;
 
         hummock_manager_ref
-            .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+            .report_compact_task(
+                result_task.task_id,
+                result_task.task_status(),
+                result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+                Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
index 83764e4275cb3..2b16383fedbc3 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
@@ -28,14 +28,9 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, user_key};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::to_prost_table_stats_map;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockVersionId;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::{default_level_selector, ManualCompactionOption};
-use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::{
-    add_ssts, register_table_ids_to_compaction_group, setup_compute_env,
-    setup_compute_env_with_config,
-};
+use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::ManualCompactionOption;
+use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::{setup_compute_env, setup_compute_env_with_config};
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, MockHummockMetaClient};
-use risingwave_meta::manager::LocalNotification;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::TaskStatus;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_storage::filter_key_extractor::FilterKeyExtractorManager;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::compactor::compactor_runner::compact;
@@ -181,54 +176,6 @@ async fn test_syncpoints_test_failpoints_fetch_ids() {
     }
 }
 
-#[tokio::test]
-#[cfg(feature = "sync_point")]
-#[serial]
-async fn test_syncpoints_test_local_notification_receiver() {
-    let (env, hummock_manager, _cluster_manager, worker_node) = setup_compute_env(80).await;
-    let context_id = worker_node.id;
-
-    register_table_ids_to_compaction_group(
-        hummock_manager.as_ref(),
-        &[1],
-        StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-    )
-    .await;
-    // Test cancel compaction task
-    let _sst_infos = add_ssts(1, hummock_manager.as_ref(), context_id).await;
-    let mut task = hummock_manager
-        .get_compact_task(
-            StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-        .unwrap();
-    task.task_status = TaskStatus::ManualCanceled as i32;
-    assert_eq!(hummock_manager.list_all_tasks_ids().await.len(), 1);
-    env.notification_manager()
-        .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::CompactionTaskNeedCancel(task))
-        .await;
-    sync_point::wait_timeout(
-        "AFTER_CANCEL_COMPACTION_TASK_ASYNC",
-        Duration::from_secs(10),
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(hummock_manager.list_all_tasks_ids().await.len(), 0);
-
-    // Test release hummock contexts
-    env.notification_manager()
-        .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::WorkerNodeDeleted(worker_node))
-        .await;
-    sync_point::wait_timeout(
-        "AFTER_RELEASE_HUMMOCK_CONTEXTS_ASYNC",
-        Duration::from_secs(10),
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-}
-
 pub async fn compact_once(
     hummock_manager_ref: HummockManagerRef,
     compact_ctx: CompactorContext,
@@ -255,7 +202,7 @@ pub async fn compact_once(
     compact_task.compaction_filter_mask = compaction_filter_flag.bits();
     // 3. compact
     let (_tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-    let (mut result_task, task_stats) = compact(
+    let (result_task, task_stats) = compact(
         compact_ctx,
         compact_task.clone(),
         rx,
@@ -265,7 +212,12 @@ pub async fn compact_once(
     .await;
 
     hummock_manager_ref
-        .report_compact_task(&mut result_task, Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)))
+        .report_compact_task(
+            result_task.task_id,
+            result_task.task_status(),
+            result_task.sorted_output_ssts,
+            Some(to_prost_table_stats_map(task_stats)),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
index 7012cf952317c..01f1d992e0b49 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
@@ -529,7 +529,9 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
                                         if let Err(e) = request_sender.send(SubscribeCompactionEventRequest {
                                             event: Some(RequestEvent::ReportTask(
                                                 ReportTask {
-                                                    compact_task: Some(compact_task),
+                                                    task_id: compact_task.task_id,
+                                                    task_status: compact_task.task_status,
+                                                    sorted_output_ssts: compact_task.sorted_output_ssts,
                                                     table_stats_change:to_prost_table_stats_map(table_stats),
                                                 }
                                             )),

From bc43c393446ef402a5ca102e9d2107a54465912c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rafael Acevedo <rafael.acevedo.ag@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 06:17:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 165/430] feat(sink): support compression codec in kafka sink
 (#12439)

---
 .github/workflows/hakari_fix.yml |  3 ++-
 Cargo.lock                       |  2 ++
 src/connector/Cargo.toml         |  2 ++
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs  | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/hakari_fix.yml b/.github/workflows/hakari_fix.yml
index 670ca38cccc27..b8ded582c36e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/hakari_fix.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/hakari_fix.yml
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
-          ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
+          repository: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
 
       - name: Install cargo-hakari
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a785a3728e873..a7caa3148b99c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6934,6 +6934,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
  "simd-json",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
+ "strum_macros 0.25.2",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
  "time",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index bca5acedbba40..8ae92464caaaa 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ serde_derive = "1"
 serde_json = "1"
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
 simd-json = "0.10.6"
+strum = "0.25"
+strum_macros = "0.25"
 tempfile = "3"
 thiserror = "1"
 time = "0.3.28"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 46bed8fb0be1a..4ae886d15ce0c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use super::formatter::{
@@ -70,6 +71,16 @@ const fn _default_force_append_only() -> bool {
     false
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Display, Serialize, Deserialize, EnumString)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "snake_case")]
+enum CompressionCodec {
+    None,
+    Gzip,
+    Snappy,
+    Lz4,
+    Zstd,
+}
+
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
@@ -125,6 +136,11 @@ pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
     #[serde(rename = "properties.batch.size")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     batch_size: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// Compression codec to use for compressing message sets.
+    #[serde(rename = "properties.compression.codec")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    compression_codec: Option<CompressionCodec>,
 }
 
 impl RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
@@ -153,6 +169,9 @@ impl RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
         if let Some(v) = self.batch_size {
             c.set("batch.size", v.to_string());
         }
+        if let Some(v) = &self.compression_codec {
+            c.set("compression.codec", v.to_string());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -650,12 +669,17 @@ mod test {
             "properties.retry.backoff.ms".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.batch.num.messages".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.batch.size".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
+            "properties.compression.codec".to_string() => "zstd".to_string(),
         };
         let c = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(props).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             c.rdkafka_properties.queue_buffering_max_ms,
             Some(114.514f64)
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            c.rdkafka_properties.compression_codec,
+            Some(CompressionCodec::Zstd)
+        );
 
         let props: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
             // basic
@@ -677,6 +701,16 @@ mod test {
             "properties.queue.buffering.max.kbytes".to_string() => "-114514".to_string(), // usize cannot be negative
         };
         assert!(KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(props).is_err());
+
+        let props: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
+            // basic
+            "connector".to_string() => "kafka".to_string(),
+            "properties.bootstrap.server".to_string() => "localhost:9092".to_string(),
+            "topic".to_string() => "test".to_string(),
+            "type".to_string() => "append-only".to_string(),
+            "properties.compression.codec".to_string() => "notvalid".to_string(), // has to be a valid CompressionCodec
+        };
+        assert!(KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(props).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -762,6 +796,7 @@ mod test {
             "properties.bootstrap.server".to_string() => "localhost:29092".to_string(),
             "type".to_string() => "append-only".to_string(),
             "topic".to_string() => "test_topic".to_string(),
+            "properties.compression.codec".to_string() => "zstd".to_string(),
         };
 
         // Create a table with two columns (| id : INT32 | v2 : VARCHAR |) here

From 79b5c4ccdebf74df9d0e6e0b66943bcedd06ca94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 17:32:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 166/430] fix(storage): fix condition of compaction task
 validator (#12473)

---
 .../picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs    |  3 +-
 .../picker/compaction_task_validator.rs       | 40 +++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
index d9bd8d6020a23..684a6a3125bb8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl LevelCompactionPicker {
             min_compaction_bytes,
             // divide by 2 because we need to select files of base level and it need use the other
             // half quota.
-            std::cmp::min(
+            std::cmp::max(
                 self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base,
                 self.config.max_compaction_bytes / 2,
             ),
@@ -573,6 +573,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let config = Arc::new(
             CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
                 .max_compaction_bytes(100010)
+                .max_bytes_for_level_base(512)
                 .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count(1)
                 .build(),
         );
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
index eafe074a88288..7452f65d6503a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/compaction_task_validator.rs
@@ -89,32 +89,32 @@ struct TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for TierCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
-        // so the design here wants to merge multiple overlapping-levels in one compaction
-        let max_compaction_bytes = std::cmp::min(
-            self.config.max_compaction_bytes,
-            self.config.sub_level_max_compaction_bytes
-                * self.config.level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count as u64,
-        );
-
         // Limit sstable file count to avoid using too much memory.
         let overlapping_max_compact_file_numer = std::cmp::min(
             self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number,
             MAX_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT as u64,
         );
 
-        let waiting_enough_files = {
-            if input.select_input_size > max_compaction_bytes {
-                false
-            } else {
-                input.total_file_count <= overlapping_max_compact_file_numer
-            }
-        };
+        if input.total_file_count >= overlapping_max_compact_file_numer
+            || input.input_levels.len() >= MAX_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // so the design here wants to merge multiple overlapping-levels in one compaction
+        let max_compaction_bytes = std::cmp::min(
+            self.config.max_compaction_bytes,
+            self.config.sub_level_max_compaction_bytes
+                * self.config.level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count as u64,
+        );
 
         // If waiting_enough_files is not satisfied, we will raise the priority of the number of
         // levels to ensure that we can merge as many sub_levels as possible
         let tier_sub_level_compact_level_count =
             self.config.level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count as usize;
-        if input.input_levels.len() < tier_sub_level_compact_level_count && waiting_enough_files {
+        if input.input_levels.len() < tier_sub_level_compact_level_count
+            && input.select_input_size < max_compaction_bytes
+        {
             stats.skip_by_count_limit += 1;
             return false;
         }
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@ struct IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for IntraCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
-        if input.total_file_count >= self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number {
+        if input.total_file_count >= self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number
+            || input.input_levels.len() >= MAX_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT
+        {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -175,6 +177,12 @@ struct BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule {
 
 impl CompactionTaskValidationRule for BaseCompactionTaskValidationRule {
     fn validate(&self, input: &CompactionInput, stats: &mut LocalPickerStatistic) -> bool {
+        if input.total_file_count >= self.config.level0_max_compact_file_number
+            || input.input_levels.len() >= MAX_COMPACT_LEVEL_COUNT
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // The size of target level may be too large, we shall skip this compact task and wait
         //  the data in base level compact to lower level.
         if input.target_input_size > self.config.max_compaction_bytes {

From a0f0b6a6ee60c7664f2a2a081fe7a7585ec6d2c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 20:30:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 167/430] ci: increase timeout for unit test/buid-other
 (#12498)

---
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 1727528c5946f..d289dd130b8ae 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ steps:
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
           environment:
             - GITHUB_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 12
+    timeout_in_minutes: 14
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           environment:
             - CODECOV_TOKEN
-    timeout_in_minutes: 18
+    timeout_in_minutes: 20
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "check"

From 9599be0ac5fa2c7ed57e877d6f30de7ba4fa3d12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 21:08:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 168/430] refactor(optimizer): rename logical pk to stream key
 (#12516)

---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs         |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dedup.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs |  4 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs       |  6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/insert.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs   |  6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs    |  8 +--
 .../plan_node/generic/over_window.rs          |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs    |  4 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/project_set.rs          |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/scan.rs   |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/source.rs |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs  |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs |  6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs   |  8 +--
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs    |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_project_set.rs          |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs   |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs   |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs  | 10 +--
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   | 10 +--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs      | 28 ++++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         | 18 ++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs  | 68 +++++++++----------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs     |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs      |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs    |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs  |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs   |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs    |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs    |  6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs    |  6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs  |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs      |  2 +-
 .../plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs       |  2 +-
 52 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
index fe2bd3e2da325..7153f8e6a8943 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub(crate) fn derive_pk(
     columns: &[ColumnCatalog],
 ) -> (Vec<ColumnOrder>, Vec<usize>) {
     // Note(congyi): avoid pk duplication
-    let stream_key = input.logical_pk().iter().copied().unique().collect_vec();
+    let stream_key = input.stream_key().iter().copied().unique().collect_vec();
     let schema = input.schema();
 
     // Assert the uniqueness of column names and IDs, including hidden columns.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 86aee0c01a7c1..b345c0b5f0206 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Agg<PlanRef> {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         Some((0..self.group_key.len()).collect())
     }
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
         window_col_idx: Option<usize>,
     ) -> Vec<AggCallState> {
         let in_fields = self.input.schema().fields().to_vec();
-        let in_pks = self.input.logical_pk().to_vec();
+        let in_pks = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
         let in_append_only = self.input.append_only();
         let in_dist_key = self.input.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dedup.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dedup.rs
index 89bfe14b2e9d3..bcec1b41ff7da 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dedup.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dedup.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Dedup<PlanRef> {
         self.input.schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         Some(self.dedup_cols.clone())
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
index 5d178b654acec..23ab1caf6f442 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Delete<PlanRef> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         if self.returning {
-            Some(self.input.logical_pk().to_vec())
+            Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
         } else {
             Some(vec![])
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
index aa8afc1779be8..1e45d8f710af2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for DynamicFilter<PlanRef> {
         self.left.schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.left.logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.left.stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub fn infer_left_internal_table_catalog(
     let mut pk_indices = vec![left_key_index];
     let read_prefix_len_hint = pk_indices.len();
 
-    for i in me.logical_pk() {
+    for i in me.stream_key() {
         if *i != left_key_index {
             pk_indices.push(*i);
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
index 3721db69eefb8..7dc99c8290210 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Except<PlanRef> {
         self.inputs[0].schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.inputs[0].logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
index d78bd4c112028..55624b04baa99 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Expand<PlanRef> {
         Schema::new(fields)
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let input_schema_len = self.input.schema().len();
         let mut pk_indices = self
             .input
-            .logical_pk()
+            .stream_key()
             .iter()
             .map(|&pk| pk + input_schema_len)
             .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
index 2f6542cb19a9a..bac03135c4214 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Filter<PlanRef> {
         self.input.schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
index 131e7c6f1455e..37d9401ee194d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for HopWindow<PlanRef> {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let window_start_index = self
             .output_indices
             .iter()
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for HopWindow<PlanRef> {
         } else {
             let mut pk = self
                 .input
-                .logical_pk()
+                .stream_key()
                 .iter()
                 .filter_map(|&pk_idx| self.output_indices.iter().position(|&idx| idx == pk_idx))
                 .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/insert.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/insert.rs
index c5bfeb725ff83..727e0296e0c83 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/insert.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/insert.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Insert<PlanRef> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         None
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
index 3b781eeb37fbd..84c34e0b8d507 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Intersect<PlanRef> {
         self.inputs[0].schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.inputs[0].logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
index 47c6b66286d98..d4cc84376599f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let _left_len = self.left.schema().len();
         let _right_len = self.right.schema().len();
-        let left_pk = self.left.logical_pk();
-        let right_pk = self.right.logical_pk();
+        let left_pk = self.left.stream_key();
+        let right_pk = self.right.stream_key();
         let l2i = self.l2i_col_mapping();
         let r2i = self.r2i_col_mapping();
         let full_out_col_num = self.internal_column_num();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
index 060fdf47cbda4..2773ea325285e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Limit<PlanRef> {
         self.input.functional_dependency().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 }
 impl<PlanRef> Limit<PlanRef> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
index 032eaa40fcda2..cc02763f26f98 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
@@ -86,22 +86,22 @@ pub(super) use impl_distill_unit_from_fields;
 
 pub trait GenericPlanRef: Eq + Hash {
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema;
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize];
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize];
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet;
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef;
 }
 
 pub trait GenericPlanNode {
-    /// return (schema, `logical_pk`, fds)
+    /// return (schema, `stream_key`, fds)
     fn logical_properties(&self) -> (Schema, Option<Vec<usize>>, FunctionalDependencySet) {
         (
             self.schema(),
-            self.logical_pk(),
+            self.stream_key(),
             self.functional_dependency(),
         )
     }
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet;
     fn schema(&self) -> Schema;
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>>;
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>>;
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
index c148711698a24..cf7bc028ff82f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for OverWindow<PlanRef> {
         schema
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        let mut output_pk = self.input.logical_pk().to_vec();
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        let mut output_pk = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
         for part_key_idx in self
             .window_functions
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
index 1d35332f0e709..ca1dc7ae4468f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Project<PlanRef> {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let i2o = self.i2o_col_mapping();
         self.input
-            .logical_pk()
+            .stream_key()
             .iter()
             .map(|pk_col| i2o.try_map(*pk_col))
             .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
index e159927f7bfda..3e5d5585f782c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for ProjectSet<PlanRef> {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let i2o = self.i2o_col_mapping();
         let mut pk = self
             .input
-            .logical_pk()
+            .stream_key()
             .iter()
             .map(|pk_col| i2o.try_map(*pk_col))
             .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/scan.rs
index 526a677e279b5..b7de99d11096b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/scan.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Scan {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let id_to_op_idx = Self::get_id_to_op_idx_mapping(&self.output_col_idx, &self.table_desc);
         self.table_desc
             .stream_key
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Scan {
     }
 
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        let pk_indices = self.logical_pk();
+        let pk_indices = self.stream_key();
         let col_num = self.output_col_idx.len();
         match &pk_indices {
             Some(pk_indices) => FunctionalDependencySet::with_key(col_num, pk_indices),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
index c22a46357fa66..d9c32b6a28f6f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Share<PlanRef> {
         self.input.borrow().schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.borrow().logical_pk().to_vec())
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        Some(self.input.borrow().stream_key().to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/source.rs
index 4a4f092110dee..4d508cc37894e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/source.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Source {
         Schema { fields }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         self.row_id_index.map(|idx| vec![idx])
     }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Source {
     }
 
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        let pk_indices = self.logical_pk();
+        let pk_indices = self.stream_key();
         match pk_indices {
             Some(pk_indices) => {
                 FunctionalDependencySet::with_key(self.column_catalog.len(), &pk_indices)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
index 990e37219d19b..dcca35f5a5d9f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
@@ -170,13 +170,13 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for TopN<PlanRef> {
         self.input.schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         // We can use the group key as the stream key when there is at most one record for each
         // value of the group key.
         if self.limit_attr.max_one_row() {
             Some(self.group_key.clone())
         } else {
-            let mut pk = self.input.logical_pk().to_vec();
+            let mut pk = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
             for i in &self.group_key {
                 if !pk.contains(i) {
                     pk.push(*i);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
index 91f10eac749f0..b8a1d9e2ec5e3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Union<PlanRef> {
         self.inputs[0].schema().clone()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         // Union all its inputs pks + source_col if exists
         let mut pk_indices = vec![];
         for input in &self.inputs {
-            for pk in input.logical_pk() {
+            for pk in input.stream_key() {
                 if !pk_indices.contains(pk) {
                     pk_indices.push(*pk);
                 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
index 0943d770daaef..f832806e7cf9a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Update<PlanRef> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         if self.returning {
-            Some(self.input.logical_pk().to_vec())
+            Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
         } else {
             Some(vec![])
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index a2099b7d33f81..e24f060fd9e8a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
         // so it obeys consistent hash strategy via [`Distribution::HashShard`].
         let stream_input =
             if *input_dist == Distribution::SomeShard && self.core.must_try_two_phase_agg() {
-                RequiredDist::shard_by_key(stream_input.schema().len(), stream_input.logical_pk())
+                RequiredDist::shard_by_key(stream_input.schema().len(), stream_input.stream_key())
                     .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?
             } else {
                 stream_input
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
index 0ea21532458fe..3ab29bf4ff4d9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl LogicalApply {
         let ctx = left.ctx();
         let join_core = generic::Join::with_full_output(left, right, join_type, on);
         let schema = join_core.schema();
-        let pk_indices = join_core.logical_pk();
+        let pk_indices = join_core.stream_key();
         let (functional_dependency, pk_indices) = match pk_indices {
             Some(pk_indices) => (
                 FunctionalDependencySet::with_key(schema.len(), &pk_indices),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
index 3905daaaf9f85..73fd3730b0c4c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl LogicalHopWindow {
         };
 
         let _schema = core.schema();
-        let _pk_indices = core.logical_pk();
+        let _pk_indices = core.stream_key();
         let ctx = core.ctx();
 
         // NOTE(st1page): add join keys in the pk_indices a work around before we really have stream
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl LogicalHopWindow {
         let base = PlanBase::new_logical(
             ctx,
             core.schema(),
-            core.logical_pk().unwrap_or_default(),
+            core.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
             core.functional_dependency(),
         );
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalHopWindow {
         let i2o = self.core.i2o_col_mapping();
         output_indices.extend(
             input
-                .logical_pk()
+                .stream_key()
                 .iter()
                 .cloned()
                 .filter(|i| i2o.try_map(*i).is_none()),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
index 640b31170c546..a9e398350f8d4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
@@ -1395,14 +1395,14 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalJoin {
 
         // Add missing pk indices to the logical join
         let mut left_to_add = left
-            .logical_pk()
+            .stream_key()
             .iter()
             .cloned()
             .filter(|i| l2o.try_map(*i).is_none())
             .collect_vec();
 
         let mut right_to_add = right
-            .logical_pk()
+            .stream_key()
             .iter()
             .filter(|&&i| r2o.try_map(i).is_none())
             .map(|&i| i + left_len)
@@ -1464,13 +1464,13 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalJoin {
                 .composite(&join_with_pk.core.i2o_col_mapping());
             let left_right_stream_keys = join_with_pk
                 .left()
-                .logical_pk()
+                .stream_key()
                 .iter()
                 .map(|i| l2o.map(*i))
                 .chain(
                     join_with_pk
                         .right()
-                        .logical_pk()
+                        .stream_key()
                         .iter()
                         .map(|i| r2o.map(*i)),
                 )
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
index b3d61cd495fb9..2a74d227dc86c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impl LogicalMultiJoin {
 
         let pk_indices = {
             let mut pk_indices = vec![];
-            for (i, input_pk) in inputs.iter().map(|input| input.logical_pk()).enumerate() {
+            for (i, input_pk) in inputs.iter().map(|input| input.stream_key()).enumerate() {
                 for input_pk_idx in input_pk {
                     pk_indices.push(inner_i2o_mappings[i].map(*input_pk_idx));
                 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
index 6e1f097e3c7d2..0eea08b6ac3ad 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalProject {
         let (proj, out_col_change) = self.rewrite_with_input(input.clone(), input_col_change);
 
         // Add missing columns of input_pk into the select list.
-        let input_pk = input.logical_pk();
+        let input_pk = input.stream_key();
         let i2o = proj.i2o_col_mapping();
         let col_need_to_add = input_pk
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
index 12100631ca666..50ad246b5bb09 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalProjectSet {
             self.rewrite_with_input(input.clone(), input_col_change);
 
         // Add missing columns of input_pk into the select list.
-        let input_pk = input.logical_pk();
+        let input_pk = input.stream_key();
         let i2o = self.core.i2o_col_mapping();
         let col_need_to_add = input_pk
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
index e671f7412c661..8ee3e6504f185 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalScan {
                 None.into(),
             )));
         }
-        match self.base.logical_pk.is_empty() {
+        match self.base.stream_key.is_empty() {
             true => {
                 let mut col_ids = HashSet::new();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
index 8d9d446c0900f..1e4c6113f2ee7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
         );
 
         // TODO(st1page): solve it
-        let global_top_n = StreamTopN::with_stream_key(global_top_n, self.logical_pk().to_vec());
+        let global_top_n = StreamTopN::with_stream_key(global_top_n, self.stream_key().to_vec());
 
         // use another projection to remove the column we added before.
         exprs.pop();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
index 38ef55405693b..2538450606772 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalUnion {
 impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
     fn to_stream(&self, ctx: &mut ToStreamContext) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         // TODO: use round robin distribution instead of using hash distribution of all inputs.
-        let dist = RequiredDist::hash_shard(self.base.logical_pk());
+        let dist = RequiredDist::hash_shard(self.base.stream_key());
         let new_inputs: Result<Vec<_>> = self
             .inputs()
             .iter()
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                     .map(|x| col_index_mapping.map(x))
                     .collect_vec();
                 new_input
-                    .logical_pk()
+                    .stream_key()
                     .iter()
                     .all(|x| original_schema_new_pos.contains(x))
             });
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                 .iter()
                 .flat_map(|(new_input, _)| {
                     new_input
-                        .logical_pk()
+                        .stream_key()
                         .iter()
                         .map(|x| new_input.schema().fields[*x].data_type())
                 })
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                 .collect_vec();
             let input_pk_lens = rewrites
                 .iter()
-                .map(|(new_input, _)| new_input.logical_pk().len())
+                .map(|(new_input, _)| new_input.stream_key().len())
                 .collect_vec();
             let mut input_pk_offsets = vec![0];
             for (i, len) in input_pk_lens.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                         .collect_vec();
                     // input1_pk + input2_pk + ...
                     let mut input_pks = input_pk_nulls.clone();
-                    for (j, pk_idx) in new_input.logical_pk().iter().enumerate() {
+                    for (j, pk_idx) in new_input.stream_key().iter().enumerate() {
                         input_pks[input_pk_offsets[i] + j] = ExprImpl::InputRef(
                             InputRef::new(
                                 *pk_idx,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index 926cf85048f3e..189ab9a0f1a6d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -435,8 +435,8 @@ impl GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
         &self.plan_base().schema
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.plan_base().logical_pk
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.plan_base().stream_key
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
         &self.plan_base().schema
     }
 
-    pub fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.plan_base().logical_pk
+    pub fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.plan_base().stream_key
     }
 
     pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
             identity: self.explain_myself_to_string(),
             node_body: node,
             operator_id: self.id().0 as _,
-            stream_key: self.logical_pk().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
+            stream_key: self.stream_key().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
             fields: self.schema().to_prost(),
             append_only: self.append_only(),
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
index 41dd857282fbe..1ca7f513cb3ab 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ pub struct PlanBase {
     #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
     pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
     pub schema: Schema,
-    /// the pk indices of the PlanNode's output, a empty logical_pk vec means there is no pk
-    pub logical_pk: Vec<usize>,
+    /// the pk indices of the PlanNode's output, a empty stream key vec means there is no stream key
+    pub stream_key: Vec<usize>,
     /// The order property of the PlanNode's output, store an `&Order::any()` here will not affect
     /// correctness, but insert unnecessary sort in plan
     pub order: Order,
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
         &self.schema
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.logical_pk
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stream_key
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
     pub fn new_logical(
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
         schema: Schema,
-        logical_pk: Vec<usize>,
+        stream_key: Vec<usize>,
         functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
     ) -> Self {
         let id = ctx.next_plan_node_id();
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
             id,
             ctx,
             schema,
-            logical_pk,
+            stream_key,
             dist: Distribution::Single,
             order: Order::any(),
             // Logical plan node won't touch `append_only` field
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         Self::new_logical(
             node.ctx(),
             node.schema(),
-            node.logical_pk().unwrap_or_default(),
+            node.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
             node.functional_dependency(),
         )
     }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         Self::new_stream(
             logical.ctx(),
             logical.schema(),
-            logical.logical_pk().unwrap_or_default().to_vec(),
+            logical.stream_key().unwrap_or_default().to_vec(),
             logical.functional_dependency(),
             dist,
             append_only,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
     pub fn new_stream(
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
         schema: Schema,
-        logical_pk: Vec<usize>,
+        stream_key: Vec<usize>,
         functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
         dist: Distribution,
         append_only: bool,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
             schema,
             dist,
             order: Order::any(),
-            logical_pk,
+            stream_key,
             append_only,
             emit_on_window_close,
             functional_dependency,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
             schema,
             dist,
             order,
-            logical_pk: vec![],
+            stream_key: vec![],
             // Batch plan node won't touch `append_only` field
             append_only: true,
             emit_on_window_close: false, // TODO(rc): batch EOWC support?
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         PlanBase::new_stream(
             plan_node.ctx(),
             plan_node.schema().clone(),
-            plan_node.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            plan_node.stream_key().to_vec(),
             plan_node.functional_dependency().clone(),
             plan_node.distribution().clone(),
             plan_node.append_only(),
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_base_delegate {
                 pub fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
                     &self.plan_base().schema
                 }
-                pub fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-                    &self.plan_base().logical_pk
+                pub fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+                    &self.plan_base().stream_key
                 }
                 pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
                     &self.plan_base().order
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 828f509351b37..598318ed22d0c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub trait StreamPlanNode: GenericPlanNode {
             id: ctx.next_plan_node_id(),
             ctx,
             schema: self.schema(),
-            logical_pk: self.logical_pk().unwrap_or_default(),
+            stream_key: self.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
             dist: self.distribution(),
             append_only: self.append_only(),
             emit_on_window_close: self.emit_on_window_close(),
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
         &self.0.schema
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.0.logical_pk
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.0.stream_key
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
         &self.schema
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.logical_pk
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stream_key
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ impl HashJoin {
 
         // dedup the pk in dist key..
         let mut deduped_input_pk_indices = vec![];
-        for input_pk_idx in input.logical_pk() {
+        for input_pk_idx in input.stream_key() {
             if !pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
                 && !deduped_input_pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
             {
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ pub struct PlanBase {
     #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
     pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
     pub schema: Schema,
-    pub logical_pk: Vec<usize>,
+    pub stream_key: Vec<usize>,
     #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
     #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
     pub dist: Distribution,
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                 .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                     input.schema(),
                     input.ctx(),
-                    input.logical_pk(),
+                    input.stream_key(),
                     me.vnode_col_idx,
                 )
                 .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                     me.infer_internal_table_catalog(
                         input.schema(),
                         input.ctx(),
-                        input.logical_pk(),
+                        input.stream_key(),
                         None,
                     )
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs
index 404ca04a39fab..f3da2b1b6a1dd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for DynamicFilter {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Exchange {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for DeltaJoin {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Expand {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Filter {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for SimpleAgg {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for GroupTopN {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for HashAgg {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for HashJoin {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for HopWindow {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for IndexScan {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for StatelessSimpleAgg {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Materialize {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
@@ -440,8 +440,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for ProjectSet {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -472,8 +472,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Project {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Sink {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         todo!("new plan node derivation")
     }
 
@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for Source {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for TableScan {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -602,8 +602,8 @@ impl GenericPlanNode for TopN {
         self.core.schema()
     }
 
-    fn logical_pk(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.logical_pk()
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        self.core.stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
index c576d5e2d83d3..febf550049265 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl StreamDml {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             append_only,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
index dea3d0eb49889..6b13b88a38bf2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
             tbl_builder.add_order_column(order_key_index, OrderType::ascending());
             order_cols.insert(order_key_index);
         }
-        for idx in self.logical.input.logical_pk() {
+        for idx in self.logical.input.stream_key() {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
index b5da1804aee71..b70b127a5522c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl StreamExchange {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl StreamExchange {
 
     pub fn new_no_shuffle(input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let ctx = input.ctx();
-        let pk_indices = input.logical_pk().to_vec();
+        let pk_indices = input.stream_key().to_vec();
         // Dispatch executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             ctx,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
index 761807cba1ae7..93209aa0b8800 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamGroupTopN {
             .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                 input.schema(),
                 input.ctx(),
-                input.logical_pk(),
+                input.stream_key(),
                 self.vnode_col_idx,
             )
             .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index 66be991bae95c..4b85612678f94 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl StreamMaterialize {
                 TableType::MaterializedView => {
                     assert_matches!(user_distributed_by, RequiredDist::Any);
                     // ensure the same pk will not shuffle to different node
-                    RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.logical_pk())
+                    RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.stream_key())
                 }
                 TableType::Index => {
                     assert_matches!(
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamMaterialize {
                 assert_eq!(a.type_name, b.type_name);
                 assert_eq!(a.sub_fields, b.sub_fields);
             });
-        assert_eq!(new.plan_base().logical_pk, self.plan_base().logical_pk);
+        assert_eq!(new.plan_base().stream_key, self.plan_base().stream_key);
         new
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
index b07c75a1f261e..e77145bac748d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl StreamOverWindow {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(o.column_index, o.order_type);
             }
         }
-        for &idx in self.logical.input.logical_pk() {
+        for &idx in self.logical.input.stream_key() {
             if order_cols.insert(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(idx, OrderType::ascending());
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
index 1562306825dfd..a2a5f834400a5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamRowIdGen {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
index 93e8030d49566..795cdcbfda06b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl StreamShare {
                     identity: self.distill_to_string(),
                     node_body: Some(node_body),
                     operator_id: self.id().0 as _,
-                    stream_key: self.logical_pk().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
+                    stream_key: self.stream_key().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
                     fields: self.schema().to_prost(),
                     append_only: self.append_only(),
                 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
index 60e89abf3f5c9..4b9250c4b23f5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl StreamSink {
                     }
                     _ => {
                         assert_matches!(user_distributed_by, RequiredDist::Any);
-                        RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.logical_pk())
+                        RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.stream_key())
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
index ea130a18af721..9ade7a165500a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
         assert!(input.watermark_columns().contains(sort_column_index));
 
         let schema = input.schema().clone();
-        let logical_pk = input.logical_pk().to_vec();
+        let stream_key = input.stream_key().to_vec();
         let fd_set = input.functional_dependency().clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(input.schema().len());
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             schema,
-            logical_pk,
+            stream_key,
             fd_set,
             dist,
             true,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
             }
         }
 
-        for idx in self.input.logical_pk() {
+        for idx in self.input.stream_key() {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index 131b58795cbe4..bc841a3efd5cf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamTableScan {
 
         if verbose {
             let pk = IndicesDisplay {
-                indices: self.logical_pk(),
+                indices: self.stream_key(),
                 schema: &self.base.schema,
             };
             vec.push(("pk", pk.distill()));
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
     pub fn adhoc_to_stream_prost(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbStreamNode {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
 
-        let stream_key = self.base.logical_pk.iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect_vec();
+        let stream_key = self.base.stream_key.iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect_vec();
 
         // The required columns from the table (both scan and upstream).
         let upstream_column_ids = match self.chain_type {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
index 83ab3820bd376..f9be4149ea06b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl StreamTopN {
         let mut base =
             PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&logical, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
         if let Some(stream_key) = stream_key {
-            base.logical_pk = stream_key;
+            base.stream_key = stream_key;
         }
         StreamTopN { base, logical }
     }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamTopN {
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
         logical.input = input;
-        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(self.logical_pk().to_vec()))
+        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(self.stream_key().to_vec()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamTopN {
                     .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                         input.schema(),
                         input.ctx(),
-                        input.logical_pk(),
+                        input.stream_key(),
                         None,
                     )
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
index f4ad303cdf2b6..1f764ba37c305 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamValues {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             ctx,
             logical.schema().clone(),
-            logical.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            logical.stream_key().to_vec(),
             logical.functional_dependency().clone(),
             Distribution::Single,
             true,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
index 0ca939a207926..2897d67ec5dea 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl StreamWatermarkFilter {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.logical_pk().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
index e563dcf2b41c3..e32385be59d7b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl CardinalityVisitor {
         input_card: Cardinality,
         eq_set: HashSet<usize>,
     ) -> Cardinality {
-        let mut unique_keys: Vec<HashSet<_>> = vec![input.logical_pk().iter().copied().collect()];
+        let mut unique_keys: Vec<HashSet<_>> = vec![input.stream_key().iter().copied().collect()];
 
         // We don't have UNIQUE key now. So we hack here to support some complex queries on
         // system tables.

From d0484ebfe932380eafc97d6d32c91d9d95e77dbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 21:57:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 169/430] refactor(frontend): don't expose key range in
 rw_hummock_*_version (#12522)

---
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs          | 21 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
index 550636a6c9c14..f8096b6c3ccbf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
@@ -48,15 +48,31 @@ pub const RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
 impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
     pub async fn read_hummock_current_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
         let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_current_version().await?;
-        Ok(version_to_rows(&version))
+        Ok(version_to_rows(&remove_key_range_from_version(version)))
     }
 
     pub async fn read_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
         let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_checkpoint_version().await?;
-        Ok(version_to_rows(&version))
+        Ok(version_to_rows(&remove_key_range_from_version(version)))
     }
 }
 
+fn remove_key_range_from_version(mut version: HummockVersion) -> HummockVersion {
+    // Because key range is too verbose for manual analysis, just don't expose it.
+    for cg in version.levels.values_mut() {
+        for level in cg
+            .levels
+            .iter_mut()
+            .chain(cg.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.iter_mut())
+        {
+            for sst in &mut level.table_infos {
+                sst.key_range.take();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    version
+}
+
 fn version_to_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
     version
         .levels
@@ -66,7 +82,6 @@ fn version_to_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.id as _)),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.max_committed_epoch as _)),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(version.safe_epoch as _)),
-                // FIXME #8612: The byte array key_range is encoded to a string by serde_json. We need disable this behavior as it makes it harder to understand the key range.
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(cg).into())),
             ])
         })

From 31aa925988feba274d4335b1aa0b714320569774 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 01:13:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 170/430] fix(sink): try poll response stream error while
 sending request (#12525)

---
 .../connector/SinkWriterStreamObserver.java   | 14 +++++--
 src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs                     | 38 ++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkWriterStreamObserver.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkWriterStreamObserver.java
index 5caa9e3533e54..1323133519165 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkWriterStreamObserver.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/SinkWriterStreamObserver.java
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ public class SinkWriterStreamObserver
 
     private TableSchema tableSchema;
 
+    private boolean finished = false;
+
     private boolean epochStarted;
     private long currentEpoch;
     private Long currentBatchId;
@@ -58,6 +60,9 @@ public SinkWriterStreamObserver(
 
     @Override
     public void onNext(ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamRequest sinkTask) {
+        if (finished) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("unexpected onNext call on a finished writer stream");
+        }
         try {
             if (sinkTask.hasStart()) {
                 if (isInitialized()) {
@@ -169,26 +174,27 @@ public void onNext(ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamRequest sinkTask) {
                 throw INVALID_ARGUMENT.withDescription("invalid sink task").asRuntimeException();
             }
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            LOG.error("sink task error: ", e);
+            LOG.error("sink writer error: ", e);
+            cleanup();
             responseObserver.onError(e);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
-        LOG.error("sink task error: ", throwable);
+        LOG.error("sink writer finishes with error: ", throwable);
         cleanup();
-        responseObserver.onError(throwable);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onCompleted() {
-        LOG.debug("sink task completed");
+        LOG.info("sink writer completed");
         cleanup();
         responseObserver.onCompleted();
     }
 
     private void cleanup() {
+        finished = true;
         if (sink != null) {
             sink.drop();
         }
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
index 2d8017e87aa07..6bbcbd2ebf3e2 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@ use std::any::type_name;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::iter::repeat;
+use std::pin::pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
-use futures::stream::BoxStream;
+use futures::future::{select, try_join_all, Either};
+use futures::stream::{BoxStream, Peekable};
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt};
 use moka::future::Cache;
 use rand::prelude::SliceRandom;
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@ mod sink_coordinate_client;
 mod stream_client;
 mod tracing;
 
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
 pub use compactor_client::{CompactorClient, GrpcCompactorProxyClient};
 pub use compute_client::{ComputeClient, ComputeClientPool, ComputeClientPoolRef};
 pub use connector_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle, SinkWriterStreamHandle};
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@ macro_rules! meta_rpc_client_method_impl {
 
 pub struct BidiStreamHandle<REQ: 'static, RSP: 'static> {
     request_sender: Sender<REQ>,
-    response_stream: BoxStream<'static, std::result::Result<RSP, Status>>,
+    response_stream: Peekable<BoxStream<'static, std::result::Result<RSP, Status>>>,
 }
 
 impl<REQ: 'static, RSP: 'static> Debug for BidiStreamHandle<REQ, RSP> {
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ impl<REQ: 'static, RSP: 'static> BidiStreamHandle<REQ, RSP> {
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             request_sender,
-            response_stream,
+            response_stream: response_stream.peekable(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ impl<REQ: 'static, RSP: 'static> BidiStreamHandle<REQ, RSP> {
         Ok((
             Self {
                 request_sender,
-                response_stream: response_stream.boxed(),
+                response_stream: response_stream.boxed().peekable(),
             },
             first_response,
         ))
@@ -238,10 +241,25 @@ impl<REQ: 'static, RSP: 'static> BidiStreamHandle<REQ, RSP> {
     }
 
     pub async fn send_request(&mut self, request: REQ) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(self
-            .request_sender
-            .send(request)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send request {}", type_name::<REQ>()))?)
+        // Poll the response stream to early see the error
+        let send_request_result = match select(
+            pin!(self.request_sender.send(request)),
+            pin!(Pin::new(&mut self.response_stream).peek()),
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            Either::Left((result, _)) => result,
+            Either::Right((response_result, send_future)) => match response_result {
+                None => {
+                    return Err(anyhow!("end of response stream").into());
+                }
+                Some(Err(e)) => {
+                    return Err(e.clone().into());
+                }
+                Some(Ok(_)) => send_future.await,
+            },
+        };
+        send_request_result
+            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send request {}", type_name::<REQ>()).into())
     }
 }

From ea9b94c29adb94145746b79341749375132fdcd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 09:59:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 171/430] feat(serverless compaction): add retry strategy for
 grpc proxy client (#12506)

---
 src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs | 111 +++++++++++++++++++++----
 src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs    |   7 +-
 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
index 8574e76695740..77fd3e0a44700 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/compactor_client.rs
@@ -27,10 +27,17 @@ use risingwave_pb::meta::{GetSystemParamsRequest, GetSystemParamsResponse};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_client::MonitorServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{StackTraceRequest, StackTraceResponse};
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tonic::transport::{Channel, Endpoint};
 
 use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::retry_rpc;
+const ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC: u64 = 60;
+const ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC: u64 = 60;
 
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_INTERVAL: u64 = 20;
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_MAX_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_MAX_ATTEMPTS: usize = 3;
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CompactorClient {
     pub monitor_client: MonitorServiceClient<Channel>,
@@ -82,56 +89,128 @@ impl GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct GrpcCompactorProxyClient {
     pub core: Arc<RwLock<GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore>>,
+    endpoint: String,
 }
 
 impl GrpcCompactorProxyClient {
-    pub fn new(channel: Channel) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(channel: Channel, endpoint: String) -> Self {
         let core = Arc::new(RwLock::new(GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore::new(channel)));
-        Self { core }
+        Self { core, endpoint }
     }
 
-    fn _recreate_core(&self, _channel: Channel) {
-        todo!()
+    async fn recreate_core(&self) {
+        tracing::info!("GrpcCompactorProxyClient rpc transfer failed, try to reconnect");
+        let channel = self.connect_to_endpoint().await;
+        let mut core = self.core.write().await;
+        *core = GrpcCompactorProxyClientCore::new(channel);
+    }
+
+    async fn connect_to_endpoint(&self) -> Channel {
+        let endpoint =
+            Endpoint::from_shared(self.endpoint.clone()).expect("Fail to construct tonic Endpoint");
+        endpoint
+            .http2_keep_alive_interval(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC))
+            .keep_alive_timeout(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC))
+            .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
+            .connect()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create channel via proxy rpc endpoint.")
     }
 
     pub async fn get_new_sst_ids(
         &self,
         request: GetNewSstIdsRequest,
     ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<GetNewSstIdsResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
-        hummock_client.get_new_sst_ids(request).await
+        retry_rpc!(self, get_new_sst_ids, request, GetNewSstIdsResponse)
     }
 
     pub async fn report_compaction_task(
         &self,
         request: ReportCompactionTaskRequest,
     ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportCompactionTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
-        hummock_client.report_compaction_task(request).await
+        retry_rpc!(
+            self,
+            report_compaction_task,
+            request,
+            ReportCompactionTaskResponse
+        )
     }
 
     pub async fn report_full_scan_task(
         &self,
         request: ReportFullScanTaskRequest,
     ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportFullScanTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
-        hummock_client.report_full_scan_task(request).await
+        retry_rpc!(
+            self,
+            report_full_scan_task,
+            request,
+            ReportFullScanTaskResponse
+        )
     }
 
     pub async fn report_vacuum_task(
         &self,
         request: ReportVacuumTaskRequest,
     ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<ReportVacuumTaskResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-        let mut hummock_client = self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
-        hummock_client.report_vacuum_task(request).await
+        retry_rpc!(self, report_vacuum_task, request, ReportVacuumTaskResponse)
     }
 
     pub async fn get_system_params(
         &self,
     ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<GetSystemParamsResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-        let mut system_params_client = self.core.read().await.system_params_client.clone();
-        system_params_client
-            .get_system_params(GetSystemParamsRequest {})
-            .await
+        tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
+            Self::get_retry_strategy(),
+            || async {
+                let mut system_params_client = self.core.read().await.system_params_client.clone();
+                let rpc_res = system_params_client
+                    .get_system_params(GetSystemParamsRequest {})
+                    .await;
+                if rpc_res.is_err() {
+                    self.recreate_core().await;
+                }
+                rpc_res
+            },
+            Self::should_retry,
+        )
+        .await
     }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn get_retry_strategy() -> impl Iterator<Item = Duration> {
+        ExponentialBackoff::from_millis(DEFAULT_RETRY_INTERVAL)
+            .max_delay(DEFAULT_RETRY_MAX_DELAY)
+            .take(DEFAULT_RETRY_MAX_ATTEMPTS)
+            .map(jitter)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn should_retry(status: &tonic::Status) -> bool {
+        if status.code() == tonic::Code::Unavailable
+            || status.code() == tonic::Code::Unknown
+            || (status.code() == tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
+                && status.message().contains("invalid auth token"))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! retry_rpc {
+    ($self:expr, $rpc_call:ident, $request:expr, $response:ty) => {
+        tokio_retry::RetryIf::spawn(
+            Self::get_retry_strategy(),
+            || async {
+                let mut hummock_client = $self.core.read().await.hummock_client.clone();
+                let rpc_res = hummock_client.$rpc_call($request.clone()).await;
+                if rpc_res.is_err() {
+                    $self.recreate_core().await;
+                }
+                rpc_res
+            },
+            Self::should_retry,
+        )
+        .await
+    };
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
index e099ed16ffcbd..779eec208f72c 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
@@ -319,8 +319,9 @@ pub async fn shared_compactor_serve(
     );
     info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
 
-    let endpoint: &'static str = Box::leak(opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint.clone().into_boxed_str());
-    let endpoint = Endpoint::from_static(endpoint);
+    let endpoint_str = opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint.clone().to_string();
+    let endpoint =
+        Endpoint::from_shared(opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint).expect("Fail to construct tonic Endpoint");
     let channel = endpoint
         .http2_keep_alive_interval(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC))
         .keep_alive_timeout(Duration::from_secs(ENDPOINT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC))
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ pub async fn shared_compactor_serve(
         .connect()
         .await
         .expect("Failed to create channel via proxy rpc endpoint.");
-    let grpc_proxy_client = GrpcCompactorProxyClient::new(channel);
+    let grpc_proxy_client = GrpcCompactorProxyClient::new(channel, endpoint_str);
     let system_params_response = grpc_proxy_client
         .get_system_params()
         .await

From f3793716c4be25d5392643fe02637f362389ea7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 11:05:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 172/430] fix(metric): fix metric for branched sst info
 (#12477)

---
 src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
index 8bcc1f1d2c1c6..9917d559a0709 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
@@ -483,15 +483,15 @@ pub fn trigger_split_stat(
         .with_label_values(&[&group_label])
         .set(member_table_id_len as _);
 
-    let branched_sst_count = branched_ssts
+    let branched_sst_count: usize = branched_ssts
         .values()
-        .map(|branched_map| branched_map.iter())
-        .flat_map(|branched_map| {
+        .map(|branched_map| {
             branched_map
-                .filter(|(group_id, _sst_id)| **group_id == compaction_group_id)
-                .map(|(_, v)| v)
+                .keys()
+                .filter(|group_id| **group_id == compaction_group_id)
+                .count()
         })
-        .sum::<u64>();
+        .sum();
 
     metrics
         .branched_sst_count

From 42290e4944e73be96a411abf0b84fe0a3299d79e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xinhao Xu <84456268+xxhZs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 12:40:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 173/430] feat(sink): Support clickhouse sink if rw columns is
 subset of ck (#12123)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index 1e2e521066600..ef4cc8b993a9b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use core::fmt::Debug;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use clickhouse::{Client, Row as ClickHouseRow};
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl, Serial};
-use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use serde::ser::{SerializeSeq, SerializeStruct};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
@@ -87,24 +86,57 @@ impl ClickHouseSink {
     }
 
     /// Check that the column names and types of risingwave and clickhouse are identical
-    fn check_column_name_and_type(&self, clickhouse_column: Vec<SystemColumn>) -> Result<()> {
-        let ck_fields_name = build_fields_name_type_from_schema(&self.schema)?;
-        if !ck_fields_name.len().eq(&clickhouse_column.len()) {
-            return Err(SinkError::ClickHouse("Schema len not match".to_string()));
+    fn check_column_name_and_type(&self, clickhouse_columns_desc: &[SystemColumn]) -> Result<()> {
+        let rw_fields_name = build_fields_name_type_from_schema(&self.schema)?;
+        let clickhouse_columns_desc: HashMap<String, SystemColumn> = clickhouse_columns_desc
+            .iter()
+            .map(|s| (s.name.clone(), s.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        if rw_fields_name.len().gt(&clickhouse_columns_desc.len()) {
+            return Err(SinkError::ClickHouse("The nums of the RisingWave column must be greater than/equal to the length of the Clickhouse column".to_string()));
         }
 
-        ck_fields_name
-            .iter()
-            .zip_eq_fast(clickhouse_column)
-            .try_for_each(|(key, value)| {
-                if !key.0.eq(&value.name) {
-                    return Err(SinkError::ClickHouse(format!(
-                        "Column name is not match, risingwave is {:?} and clickhouse is {:?}",
-                        key.0, value.name
-                    )));
-                }
-                Self::check_and_correct_column_type(&key.1, &value)
+        for i in rw_fields_name {
+            let value = clickhouse_columns_desc.get(&i.0).ok_or_else(|| {
+                SinkError::ClickHouse(format!(
+                    "Column name don't find in clickhouse, risingwave is {:?} ",
+                    i.0
+                ))
             })?;
+
+            Self::check_and_correct_column_type(&i.1, value)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Check that the column names and types of risingwave and clickhouse are identical
+    fn check_pk_match(&self, clickhouse_columns_desc: &[SystemColumn]) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut clickhouse_pks: HashSet<String> = clickhouse_columns_desc
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|s| s.is_in_primary_key == 1)
+            .map(|s| s.name.clone())
+            .collect();
+
+        for (_, field) in self
+            .schema
+            .fields()
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(index, _)| self.pk_indices.contains(index))
+        {
+            if !clickhouse_pks.remove(&field.name) {
+                return Err(SinkError::ClickHouse(
+                    "Clicklhouse and RisingWave pk is not match".to_string(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !clickhouse_pks.is_empty() {
+            return Err(SinkError::ClickHouse(
+                "Clicklhouse and RisingWave pk is not match".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -201,7 +233,10 @@ impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
                 self.config.common.database, self.config.common.table
             )));
         }
-        self.check_column_name_and_type(clickhouse_column)?;
+        self.check_column_name_and_type(&clickhouse_column)?;
+        if !self.is_append_only {
+            self.check_pk_match(&clickhouse_column)?;
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -443,10 +478,11 @@ impl SinkWriter for ClickHouseSinkWriter {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(ClickHouseRow, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(ClickHouseRow, Deserialize, Clone)]
 struct SystemColumn {
     name: String,
     r#type: String,
+    is_in_primary_key: u8,
 }
 
 /// Serialize this structure to simulate the `struct` call clickhouse interface

From b75ff7976d751df683446569e4b9f87f81cfaf71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 13:58:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 174/430] feat(java-binding): generate jni method signature
 with macro (#12487)

---
 Cargo.lock                              |   3 +
 src/java_binding/Cargo.toml             |   1 +
 src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml |   4 +-
 src/java_binding/src/lib.rs             |  16 +-
 src/jni_core/Cargo.toml                 |   2 +
 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs         | 201 ++-----------
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                 |   7 +-
 src/jni_core/src/macros.rs              | 358 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 412 insertions(+), 180 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/jni_core/src/macros.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a7caa3148b99c..42a08e60f43d5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7194,6 +7194,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_java_binding"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "jni",
  "prost",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr",
@@ -7208,10 +7209,12 @@ name = "risingwave_jni_core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "cfg-or-panic",
  "futures",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "jni",
  "madsim-tokio",
+ "paste",
  "prost",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr",
diff --git a/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml b/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
index d8d90693f44a6..2da34aa53af77 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
 normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
+jni = "0.21.1"
 prost = "0.11"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_jni_core = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml b/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
index 3be65ec2158a6..957cec9c762f5 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
+++ b/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -ex
 cd java
-mvn install --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test --am -DskipTests=true
+mvn install --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true
 mvn dependency:copy-dependencies --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test
 '''
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ RISINGWAVE_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
 
 cd ${RISINGWAVE_ROOT}/java
 
-mvn install --pl java-binding-benchmark --am -DskipTests=true
+mvn install --pl java-binding-benchmark --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true
 
 mvn dependency:copy-dependencies --pl java-binding-benchmark
 
diff --git a/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs b/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
index aa7e564ed1ace..6edf4d29ce557 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/java_binding/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,4 +12,18 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub use risingwave_jni_core::*;
+#![feature(result_option_inspect)]
+
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+
+use jni::sys::{jint, JNI_VERSION_1_2};
+use jni::JavaVM;
+use risingwave_jni_core::register_native_method_for_jvm;
+
+#[no_mangle]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub extern "system" fn JNI_OnLoad(jvm: JavaVM, _reserved: *mut c_void) -> jint {
+    let _ = register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm)
+        .inspect_err(|_e| eprintln!("unable to register native method"));
+    JNI_VERSION_1_2
+}
diff --git a/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml b/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
index c8bba371c8dea..bc70ef8a73114 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 bytes = "1"
+cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = "0.21.1"
+paste = "1"
 prost = "0.11"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
index 5559abd3ffa3f..62630528961dc 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ pub static JVM: LazyLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 
     tracing::info!("initialize JVM successfully");
 
-    register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm);
+    register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm).unwrap();
 
     Ok(jvm)
 });
 
-fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) {
+pub fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) -> Result<(), jni::errors::Error> {
     let mut env = jvm
         .attach_current_thread()
         .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm attach thread error: {:?}", e))
@@ -106,179 +106,30 @@ fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) {
         .find_class("com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding")
         .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm find class error: {:?}", e))
         .unwrap();
-    env.register_native_methods(
-        binding_class,
-        &[
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("vnodeCount"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("()I"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            #[cfg(not(madsim))]
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorNew"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("([B)J"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNew
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            #[cfg(not(madsim))]
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorNext"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)J"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNext
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("hummockIteratorClose"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorClose
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetKey"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)[B"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetKey as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetOp"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)I"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetOp as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowIsNull"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Z"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowIsNull as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt16Value"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)S"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt16Value
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt32Value"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)I"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt32Value
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetInt64Value"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)J"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt64Value
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetFloatValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)F"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetFloatValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDoubleValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)D"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDoubleValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetBooleanValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Z"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetBooleanValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetStringValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetStringValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetTimestampValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Timestamp;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDecimalValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/math/BigDecimal;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDecimalValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetTimeValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Time;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimeValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetDateValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/sql/Date;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDateValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetIntervalValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetIntervalValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetJsonbValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetJsonbValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetByteaValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JI)[B"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetByteaValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowGetArrayValue"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(JILjava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/Object;"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetArrayValue
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("rowClose"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowClose as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorNew"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("([B)J"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNew
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorNext"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)J"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNext
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorClose"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J)V"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorClose
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("streamChunkIteratorFromPretty"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(Ljava/lang/String;)J"),
-                fn_ptr:
-                    crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorFromPretty
-                        as *mut c_void,
-            },
-            NativeMethod {
-                name: JNIString::from("sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel"),
-                sig: JNIString::from("(J[B)Z"),
-                fn_ptr: crate::Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel
-                    as *mut c_void,
-            },
-        ],
-    )
-    .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm register native methods error: {:?}", e))
-    .unwrap();
+    use crate::*;
+    macro_rules! gen_native_method_array {
+        () => {{
+            $crate::for_all_native_methods! {gen_native_method_array}
+        }};
+        ({$({ $func_name:ident, {$($ret:tt)+}, {$($args:tt)*} }),*}) => {
+            [
+                $(
+                    {
+                        let fn_ptr = paste::paste! {[<Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_ $func_name> ]} as *mut c_void;
+                        let sig = $crate::gen_jni_sig! { $($ret)+ ($($args)*)};
+                        NativeMethod {
+                            name: JNIString::from(stringify! {$func_name}),
+                            sig: JNIString::from(sig),
+                            fn_ptr,
+                        }
+                    },
+                )*
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+    env.register_native_methods(binding_class, &gen_native_method_array!())
+        .inspect_err(|e| tracing::error!("jvm register native methods error: {:?}", e))?;
 
     tracing::info!("register native methods for jvm successfully");
+    Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index 6fa6f2f10e991..9ebce58b426a7 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 pub mod hummock_iterator;
 pub mod jvm_runtime;
+mod macros;
 pub mod stream_chunk_iterator;
 
 use std::backtrace::Backtrace;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::slice::from_raw_parts;
 use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, OnceLock};
 
+use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
 use hummock_iterator::{HummockJavaBindingIterator, KeyedRow};
 use jni::objects::{
     AutoElements, GlobalRef, JByteArray, JClass, JMethodID, JObject, JStaticMethodID, JString,
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender;
 
+pub use crate::jvm_runtime::register_native_method_for_jvm;
 use crate::stream_chunk_iterator::{StreamChunkIterator, StreamChunkRow};
 pub type GetEventStreamJniSender = Sender<GetEventStreamResponse>;
 
@@ -296,7 +299,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount(
     VirtualNode::COUNT as jint
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNew<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
@@ -309,7 +312,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorN
     })
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNext<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bdb5c60ec3f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! gen_class_name {
+    ($last:ident) => {
+        stringify! {$last}
+    };
+    ($first:ident . $($rest:ident).+) => {
+        concat! {stringify! {$first}, "/", gen_class_name! {$($rest).+} }
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! gen_jni_sig_inner {
+    ($(public)? static native $($rest:tt)*) => {
+        gen_jni_sig_inner! { $($rest)* }
+    };
+    ($($ret:ident).+  $($func_name:ident)? ($($args:tt)*)) => {
+        concat! {"(", gen_jni_sig_inner!{$($args)*}, ")", gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($ret).+} }
+    };
+    ($($ret:ident).+ []  $($func_name:ident)? ($($args:tt)*)) => {
+        concat! {"(", gen_jni_sig_inner!{$($args)*}, ")", gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($ret).+ []} }
+    };
+    (boolean) => {
+        "Z"
+    };
+    (byte) => {
+        "B"
+    };
+    (char) => {
+        "C"
+    };
+    (short) => {
+        "S"
+    };
+    (int) => {
+        "I"
+    };
+    (long) => {
+        "J"
+    };
+    (float) => {
+        "F"
+    };
+    (double) => {
+        "D"
+    };
+    (void) => {
+        "V"
+    };
+    (String) => {
+        gen_jni_sig_inner! { java.lang.String }
+    };
+    (Object) => {
+        gen_jni_sig_inner! { java.lang.Object }
+    };
+    (Class) => {
+        gen_jni_sig_inner! { java.lang.Class }
+    };
+    ($($class_part:ident).+) => {
+        concat! {"L", gen_class_name! {$($class_part).+}, ";"}
+    };
+    ($($class_part:ident).+ $(.)? [] $($param_name:ident)? $(,$($rest:tt)*)?) => {
+        concat! { "[", gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($class_part).+}, gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($($rest)*)?}}
+    };
+    (Class $(< ? >)? $($param_name:ident)? $(,$($rest:tt)*)?) => {
+        concat! { gen_jni_sig_inner! { Class }, gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($($rest)*)?}}
+    };
+    ($($class_part:ident).+ $($param_name:ident)? $(,$($rest:tt)*)?) => {
+        concat! { gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($class_part).+}, gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($($rest)*)?}}
+    };
+    () => {
+        ""
+    };
+    ($($invalid:tt)*) => {
+        compile_error!(concat!("unsupported type {{", stringify!($($invalid)*), "}}"))
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! gen_jni_sig {
+    ($($input:tt)*) => {{
+        // this macro only provide with a expression context
+        gen_jni_sig_inner! {$($input)*}
+    }}
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_plain_native_methods {
+    ($macro:path $(,$args:tt)*) => {
+        $macro! {
+            {
+                public static native int vnodeCount();
+
+                // hummock iterator method
+                // Return a pointer to the iterator
+                static native long hummockIteratorNew(byte[] readPlan);
+
+                // return a pointer to the next row
+                static native long hummockIteratorNext(long pointer);
+
+                // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
+                // close on the iterator to release the iterator instance pointed by the pointer.
+                static native void hummockIteratorClose(long pointer);
+
+                // row method
+                static native byte[] rowGetKey(long pointer);
+
+                static native int rowGetOp(long pointer);
+
+                static native boolean rowIsNull(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native short rowGetInt16Value(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native int rowGetInt32Value(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native long rowGetInt64Value(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native float rowGetFloatValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native double rowGetDoubleValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native boolean rowGetBooleanValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native String rowGetStringValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native java.sql.Timestamp rowGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native java.math.BigDecimal rowGetDecimalValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native java.sql.Time rowGetTimeValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native java.sql.Date rowGetDateValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native String rowGetIntervalValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native String rowGetJsonbValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                static native byte[] rowGetByteaValue(long pointer, int index);
+
+                // TODO: object or object array?
+                static native Object rowGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class<?> clazz);
+
+                // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
+                // close on the row to release the row instance pointed by the pointer.
+                static native void rowClose(long pointer);
+
+                // stream chunk iterator method
+                static native long streamChunkIteratorNew(byte[] streamChunkPayload);
+
+                static native long streamChunkIteratorNext(long pointer);
+
+                static native void streamChunkIteratorClose(long pointer);
+
+                static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
+
+                public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
+            }
+            $(,$args)*
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_single_native_method {
+    (
+        {$($ret:tt).+ $func_name:ident ($($args:tt)*)},
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $macro! {
+            $func_name,
+            {$($ret).+},
+            {$($args)*}
+        }
+    };
+    (
+        {$($ret:tt).+ [] $func_name:ident ($($args:tt)*)},
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $macro! {
+            $func_name,
+            {$($ret).+ []},
+            {$($args)*}
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_native_methods {
+    (
+        {$($input:tt)*},
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_native_methods! {
+            {$($input)*},
+            {},
+            $macro
+            $(,$extra_args)*
+        }
+    }};
+    (
+        {
+            $(public)? static native $($ret:tt).+ $func_name:ident($($args:tt)*); $($rest:tt)*
+        },
+        {
+            $({$prev_func_name:ident, {$($prev_ret:tt)*}, {$($prev_args:tt)*}})*
+        },
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $crate::for_all_native_methods! {
+            {$($rest)*},
+            {
+                $({$prev_func_name, {$($prev_ret)*}, {$($prev_args)*}})*
+                {$func_name, {$($ret).+}, {$($args)*}}
+            },
+            $macro
+            $(,$extra_args)*
+        }
+    };
+    (
+        {
+            $(public)? static native $($ret:tt).+ [] $func_name:ident($($args:tt)*); $($rest:tt)*
+        },
+        {
+            $({$prev_func_name:ident, {$($prev_ret:tt)*}, {$($prev_args:tt)*}})*
+        },
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $crate::for_all_native_methods! {
+            {$($rest)*},
+            {
+                $({$prev_func_name, {$($prev_ret)*}, {$($prev_args)*}})*
+                {$func_name, {$($ret).+ []}, {$($args)*}}
+            },
+            $macro
+            $(,$extra_args)*
+        }
+    };
+    (
+        {},
+        {
+            $({$func_name:ident, {$($ret:tt)*}, {$($args:tt)*}})*
+        },
+        $macro:path
+        $(,$extra_args:tt)*
+    ) => {
+        $macro! {
+            {
+                $({$func_name, {$($ret)*}, {$($args)*}}),*
+            }
+            $(,$extra_args)*
+        }
+    };
+    ($macro:path $(,$args:tt)*) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_plain_native_methods! {
+            $crate::for_all_native_methods,
+            $macro
+            $(,$args)*
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_gen_jni_sig() {
+        assert_eq!(gen_jni_sig!(int), "I");
+        assert_eq!(gen_jni_sig!(boolean f(int, short, byte[])), "(IS[B)Z");
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(boolean f(int, short, byte[], java.lang.String)),
+            "(IS[BLjava/lang/String;)Z"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(boolean f(int, java.lang.String)),
+            "(ILjava/lang/String;)Z"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(gen_jni_sig!(public static native int vnodeCount()), "()I");
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(long hummockIteratorNew(byte[] readPlan)),
+            "([B)J"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(gen_jni_sig!(long hummockIteratorNext(long pointer)), "(J)J");
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(void hummockIteratorClose(long pointer)),
+            "(J)V"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(gen_jni_sig!(byte[] rowGetKey(long pointer)), "(J)[B");
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(java.sql.Timestamp rowGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index)),
+            "(JI)Ljava/sql/Timestamp;"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(String rowGetStringValue(long pointer, int index)),
+            "(JI)Ljava/lang/String;"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            gen_jni_sig!(static native Object rowGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class clazz)),
+            "(JILjava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/Object;"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_for_all_gen() {
+        macro_rules! gen_array {
+            (test) => {{
+                for_all_native_methods! {
+                    {
+                        public static native int vnodeCount();
+                        static native long hummockIteratorNew(byte[] readPlan);
+                        public static native byte[] rowGetKey(long pointer);
+                    },
+                    gen_array
+                }
+            }};
+            (all) => {{
+                for_all_native_methods! {
+                    gen_array
+                }
+            }};
+            ({$({ $func_name:ident, {$($ret:tt)+}, {$($args:tt)*} }),*}) => {{
+                [
+                    $(
+                        (stringify! {$func_name}, gen_jni_sig! { $($ret)+ ($($args)*)}),
+                    )*
+                ]
+            }};
+        }
+        let sig: [(_, _); 3] = gen_array!(test);
+        assert_eq!(
+            sig,
+            [
+                ("vnodeCount", "()I"),
+                ("hummockIteratorNew", "([B)J"),
+                ("rowGetKey", "(J)[B")
+            ]
+        );
+
+        let sig = gen_array!(all);
+        assert!(!sig.is_empty());
+    }
+}

From a6fb3412b0b6fe8c0209676be0b3e91559c1c309 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:04:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 175/430] feat(streaming): recover `no_shuffle_backfill`
 (#12493)

---
 ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh              |   3 +-
 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql            |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs              |  22 +-
 .../executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs |   2 +-
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 216 +++++++++++-------
 src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs     |  73 ------
 src/stream/src/executor/chain.rs              |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/rearranged_chain.rs   |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/values.rs             |   2 +-
 .../src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs |   6 +-
 .../src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs      |  17 +-
 11 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
index 6c02442a06255..77a6ef1a5510c 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@
 # Hence keeping it in case we ever need to debug backfill again.
 
 # USAGE:
-# Start a rw cluster then run this script.
 # ```sh
-# ./risedev d
+# cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
 # ./ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
 # ```
 
diff --git a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
index 18ed763429231..6c12a3e0b897e 100644
--- a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
+++ b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ insert into t1
 SELECT
     generate_series,
     '{"orders": {"id": 1, "price": "2.30", "customer_id": 2}}'::jsonb
-FROM generate_series(1, 200000);
+FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
 FLUSH;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
index d484e471f4a31..057e0646279dd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type ConsumedRows = u64;
 enum ChainState {
     Init,
     ConsumingUpstream(Epoch, ConsumedRows),
-    Done,
+    Done(ConsumedRows),
 }
 
 /// Progress of all actors containing chain nodes while creating mview.
@@ -93,18 +93,19 @@ impl Progress {
         match self.states.remove(&actor).unwrap() {
             ChainState::Init => {}
             ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(_, old_consumed_rows) => {
-                if !matches!(new_state, ChainState::Done) {
+                if !matches!(new_state, ChainState::Done(_)) {
                     self.consumed_rows -= old_consumed_rows;
                 }
             }
-            ChainState::Done => panic!("should not report done multiple times"),
+            ChainState::Done(_) => panic!("should not report done multiple times"),
         };
         match &new_state {
             ChainState::Init => {}
             ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(_, new_consumed_rows) => {
                 self.consumed_rows += new_consumed_rows;
             }
-            ChainState::Done => {
+            ChainState::Done(new_consumed_rows) => {
+                self.consumed_rows += new_consumed_rows;
                 self.done_count += 1;
             }
         };
@@ -281,14 +282,21 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
     ) -> Option<TrackingCommand> {
         let actor = progress.chain_actor_id;
         let Some(epoch) = self.actor_map.get(&actor).copied() else {
-            panic!(
-                "no tracked progress for actor {}, is it already finished?",
+            // On restart, backfill will ALWAYS notify CreateMviewProgressTracker,
+            // even if backfill is finished on recovery.
+            // This is because we don't know if only this actor is finished,
+            // OR the entire stream job is finished.
+            // For the first case, we must notify meta.
+            // For the second case, we can still notify meta, but ignore it here.
+            tracing::info!(
+                "no tracked progress for actor {}, the stream job could already be finished",
                 actor
             );
+            return None;
         };
 
         let new_state = if progress.done {
-            ChainState::Done
+            ChainState::Done(progress.consumed_rows)
         } else {
             ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(progress.consumed_epoch.into(), progress.consumed_rows)
         };
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
index d33aed6d6c441..951e4a4235d3d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ where
                         &mut temporary_state,
                     ).await?;
 
-                    self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+                    self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, total_snapshot_processed_rows);
                     yield msg;
                     break;
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index b6241acdea569..bd40ea8b34e7d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ use futures::{pin_mut, stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
+use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::backfill::utils;
 use crate::executor::backfill::utils::{
-    check_all_vnode_finished, compute_bounds, construct_initial_finished_state, get_new_pos,
-    get_row_count_state, iter_chunks, mapping_chunk, mapping_message, mark_chunk, owned_row_iter,
+    compute_bounds, construct_initial_finished_state, get_new_pos, iter_chunks, mapping_chunk,
+    mapping_message, mark_chunk, owned_row_iter,
 };
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{
@@ -44,6 +45,19 @@ use crate::executor::{
 };
 use crate::task::{ActorId, CreateMviewProgress};
 
+/// vnode, `is_finished`, `row_count`, all occupy 1 column each.
+const METADATA_STATE_LEN: usize = 3;
+
+/// Schema: | vnode | pk ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count` |
+/// We can decode that into `BackfillState` on recovery.
+#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct BackfillState {
+    current_pos: Option<OwnedRow>,
+    old_state: Option<Vec<Datum>>,
+    is_finished: bool,
+    row_count: u64,
+}
+
 /// An implementation of the [RFC: Use Backfill To Let Mv On Mv Stream Again](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/rfcs/pull/13).
 /// `BackfillExecutor` is used to create a materialized view on another materialized view.
 ///
@@ -128,9 +142,7 @@ where
         // The primary key columns, in the output columns of the upstream_table scan.
         let pk_in_output_indices = self.upstream_table.pk_in_output_indices().unwrap();
 
-        // schema: | vnode | pk ... | backfill_finished | row_count |
-        // +1 for vnode, +1 for backfill_finished, +1 for row_count.
-        let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + 3;
+        let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + METADATA_STATE_LEN;
 
         let pk_order = self.upstream_table.pk_serializer().get_order_types();
 
@@ -145,16 +157,13 @@ where
             state_table.init_epoch(first_barrier.epoch);
         }
 
-        let is_finished = if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_ref() {
-            let is_finished = check_all_vnode_finished(state_table, state_len).await?;
-            if is_finished {
-                assert!(!first_barrier.is_newly_added(self.actor_id));
-            }
-            is_finished
-        } else {
-            // Maintain backwards compatibility with no state table
-            !first_barrier.is_newly_added(self.actor_id)
-        };
+        let BackfillState {
+            mut current_pos,
+            is_finished,
+            row_count,
+            mut old_state,
+        } = Self::recover_backfill_state(self.state_table.as_ref(), pk_in_output_indices.len())
+            .await?;
 
         let mut builder =
             DataChunkBuilder::new(self.upstream_table.schema().data_types(), self.chunk_size);
@@ -191,17 +200,9 @@ where
         // | f                    | f              | t                |
         let to_backfill = !is_finished && !is_snapshot_empty;
 
-        // Current position of the upstream_table storage primary key.
-        // `None` means it starts from the beginning.
-        let mut current_pos: Option<OwnedRow> = None;
-
-        // Use these to persist state.
-        // They contain the backfill position,
-        // as well as the progress.
-        // However, they do not contain the vnode key at index 0.
-        // That is filled in when we flush the state table.
+        // Use this buffer to construct state,
+        // which will then be persisted.
         let mut current_state: Vec<Datum> = vec![None; state_len];
-        let mut old_state: Option<Vec<Datum>> = None;
 
         // The first barrier message should be propagated.
         yield Message::Barrier(first_barrier);
@@ -220,13 +221,7 @@ where
         let mut snapshot_read_epoch = init_epoch;
 
         // Keep track of rows from the snapshot.
-        let mut total_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 =
-            if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_ref() {
-                get_row_count_state(state_table, state_len).await?
-            } else {
-                // Maintain backwards compatibility with no state_table.
-                0
-            };
+        let mut total_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 = row_count;
 
         // Backfill Algorithm:
         //
@@ -415,13 +410,6 @@ where
                     total_snapshot_processed_rows,
                 );
 
-                tracing::trace!(
-                    actor = self.actor_id,
-                    epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
-                    ?current_pos,
-                    total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                    "Backfill position persisted"
-                );
                 // Persist state on barrier
                 Self::persist_state(
                     barrier.epoch,
@@ -434,57 +422,73 @@ where
                 )
                 .await?;
 
+                tracing::trace!(
+                    epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
+                    ?current_pos,
+                    total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                    "Backfill state persisted"
+                );
+
                 yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
 
                 // We will switch snapshot at the start of the next iteration of the backfill loop.
             }
         }
 
-        tracing::trace!(
-            actor = self.actor_id,
-            "Backfill has already finished and forward messages directly to the downstream"
-        );
+        tracing::trace!("Backfill has finished, waiting for barrier");
 
         // Wait for first barrier to come after backfill is finished.
         // So we can update our progress + persist the status.
         while let Some(Ok(msg)) = upstream.next().await {
             if let Some(msg) = mapping_message(msg, &self.output_indices) {
                 // If not finished then we need to update state, otherwise no need.
-                if let Message::Barrier(barrier) = &msg && !is_finished {
-                    // If snapshot was empty, we do not need to backfill,
-                    // but we still need to persist the finished state.
-                    // We currently persist it on the second barrier here rather than first.
-                    // This is because we can't update state table in first epoch,
-                    // since it expects to have been initialized in previous epoch
-                    // (there's no epoch before the first epoch).
-                    if is_snapshot_empty {
-                        current_pos =
-                            Some(construct_initial_finished_state(pk_in_output_indices.len()))
-                    }
+                if let Message::Barrier(barrier) = &msg {
+                    if is_finished {
+                        // If already finished, no need persist any state.
+                    } else {
+                        // If snapshot was empty, we do not need to backfill,
+                        // but we still need to persist the finished state.
+                        // We currently persist it on the second barrier here rather than first.
+                        // This is because we can't update state table in first epoch,
+                        // since it expects to have been initialized in previous epoch
+                        // (there's no epoch before the first epoch).
+                        if is_snapshot_empty {
+                            current_pos =
+                                Some(construct_initial_finished_state(pk_in_output_indices.len()))
+                        }
 
-                    // We will update current_pos at least once,
-                    // since snapshot read has to be non-empty,
-                    // Or snapshot was empty and we construct a placeholder state.
-                    debug_assert_ne!(current_pos, None);
+                        // We will update current_pos at least once,
+                        // since snapshot read has to be non-empty,
+                        // Or snapshot was empty and we construct a placeholder state.
+                        debug_assert_ne!(current_pos, None);
+
+                        Self::persist_state(
+                            barrier.epoch,
+                            &mut self.state_table,
+                            true,
+                            &current_pos,
+                            total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                            &mut old_state,
+                            &mut current_state,
+                        )
+                        .await?;
+                        tracing::trace!(
+                            epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
+                            ?current_pos,
+                            total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                            "Backfill position persisted after completion"
+                        );
+                    }
 
+                    // For both backfill finished before recovery,
+                    // and backfill which just finished, we need to update mview tracker,
+                    // it does not persist this information.
+                    self.progress
+                        .finish(barrier.epoch.curr, total_snapshot_processed_rows);
                     tracing::trace!(
-                        actor = self.actor_id,
                         epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
-                        ?current_pos,
-                        total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                        "Backfill position persisted after completion"
+                        "Updated CreateMaterializedTracker"
                     );
-                    Self::persist_state(
-                        barrier.epoch,
-                        &mut self.state_table,
-                        true,
-                        &current_pos,
-                        total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                        &mut old_state,
-                        &mut current_state,
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                    self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
                     yield msg;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -492,6 +496,10 @@ where
             }
         }
 
+        tracing::trace!(
+            "Backfill has already finished and forward messages directly to the downstream"
+        );
+
         // After progress finished + state persisted,
         // we can forward messages directly to the downstream,
         // as backfill is finished.
@@ -500,14 +508,68 @@ where
         #[for_await]
         for msg in upstream {
             if let Some(msg) = mapping_message(msg?, &self.output_indices) {
-                if let Some(state_table) = self.state_table.as_mut() && let Message::Barrier(barrier) = &msg {
-                        state_table.commit_no_data_expected(barrier.epoch);
-                    }
                 yield msg;
             }
         }
     }
 
+    async fn recover_backfill_state(
+        state_table: Option<&StateTable<S>>,
+        pk_len: usize,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<BackfillState> {
+        let Some(state_table) = state_table else {
+            // If no state table, but backfill is present, it must be from an old cluster.
+            // In that case backfill must be finished, otherwise it won't have been persisted.
+            return Ok(BackfillState {
+                current_pos: None,
+                is_finished: true,
+                row_count: 0,
+                old_state: None,
+            });
+        };
+        let mut vnodes = state_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes_scalar();
+        let first_vnode = vnodes.next().unwrap();
+        let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(first_vnode.into())];
+        let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
+        let expected_state = Self::deserialize_backfill_state(row, pk_len);
+
+        // All vnode partitions should have same state (no scale-in supported).
+        for vnode in vnodes {
+            let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(vnode.into())];
+            let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
+            let state = Self::deserialize_backfill_state(row, pk_len);
+            assert_eq!(state, expected_state);
+        }
+        Ok(expected_state)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_backfill_state(row: Option<OwnedRow>, pk_len: usize) -> BackfillState {
+        let Some(row) = row else {
+            return BackfillState {
+                current_pos: None,
+                is_finished: false,
+                row_count: 0,
+                old_state: None,
+            };
+        };
+        let row = row.into_inner();
+        let mut old_state = vec![None; pk_len + METADATA_STATE_LEN];
+        old_state[1..row.len() + 1].clone_from_slice(&row);
+        let current_pos = Some((&row[0..pk_len]).into_owned_row());
+        let is_finished = row[pk_len].clone().map_or(false, |d| d.into_bool());
+        let row_count = row
+            .get(pk_len + 1)
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or(None)
+            .map_or(0, |d| d.into_int64() as u64);
+        BackfillState {
+            current_pos,
+            is_finished,
+            row_count,
+            old_state: Some(old_state),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Snapshot read the upstream mv.
     /// The rows from upstream snapshot read will be buffered inside the `builder`.
     /// If snapshot is dropped before its rows are consumed,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
index 8a2cded5ca8d3..259b67d5f202b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
@@ -308,79 +308,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_progress_per_vnode<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: b
     Ok(result)
 }
 
-/// The row here does not include `vnode`,
-/// it should have been excluded by setting `value_indices`.
-/// Row schema: | `pk_indices` ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count`
-pub(crate) fn get_backfill_finished(row: OwnedRow, state_len: usize) -> Option<bool> {
-    let datum = if row.len() == state_len - 2 {
-        // Handle backwards compatibility case where
-        // we did not have row count (-1 for this).
-        // -1 to exclude `vnode` as well.
-        row.last()
-    } else {
-        row.datum_at(row.len() - 2)
-    };
-    datum.map(|d| d.into_bool())
-}
-
-/// The row here does not include `vnode`,
-/// it should have been excluded by setting `value_indices`.
-/// Row schema: | `pk_indices` ... | `backfill_finished` | `row_count`
-pub(crate) fn get_row_count(row: OwnedRow, state_len: usize) -> u64 {
-    if row.len() == state_len - 2 {
-        // Handle backwards compatibility case where
-        // we did not have row count (-1 for this).
-        // -1 to exclude `vnode` as well.
-        return 0;
-    }
-    match row.last() {
-        None => 0,
-        Some(d) => d.into_int64() as u64,
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) async fn get_row_count_state<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
-    state_table: &StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
-    state_len: usize,
-) -> StreamExecutorResult<u64> {
-    let mut vnodes = state_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes_scalar();
-    let vnode = vnodes.next().unwrap();
-    let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(vnode.into())];
-    let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
-    let row_count = match row {
-        None => 0,
-        Some(row) => get_row_count(row, state_len),
-    };
-    Ok(row_count)
-}
-
-/// All vnodes should be persisted with status finished.
-pub(crate) async fn check_all_vnode_finished<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
-    state_table: &StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
-    state_len: usize,
-) -> StreamExecutorResult<bool> {
-    debug_assert!(!state_table.vnode_bitmap().is_empty());
-    let vnodes = state_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes_scalar();
-    let mut is_finished = true;
-    for vnode in vnodes {
-        let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(vnode.into())];
-        let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
-
-        let vnode_is_finished = if let Some(row) = row
-            && let Some(vnode_is_finished) = get_backfill_finished(row, state_len)
-        {
-            vnode_is_finished
-        } else {
-            false
-        };
-        if !vnode_is_finished {
-            is_finished = false;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(is_finished)
-}
-
 /// Flush the data
 // This is a clippy bug, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/11380.
 // TODO: remove `allow` here after the issued is closed.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/chain.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/chain.rs
index ab3ef9ae44973..a51c9e95abbb1 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/chain.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl ChainExecutor {
         // If the barrier is a conf change of creating this mview, and the snapshot is not to be
         // consumed, we can finish the progress immediately.
         if barrier.is_newly_added(self.actor_id) && self.upstream_only {
-            self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+            self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, 0);
         }
 
         // The first barrier message should be propagated.
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl ChainExecutor {
         for msg in upstream {
             let msg = msg?;
             if to_consume_snapshot && let Message::Barrier(barrier) = &msg {
-                self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+                self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, 0);
             }
             yield msg;
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/rearranged_chain.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/rearranged_chain.rs
index 1ad43de432551..d2aaae9fd5025 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/rearranged_chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/rearranged_chain.rs
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ impl RearrangedChainExecutor {
                 .unbounded_send(RearrangedMessage::PhantomBarrier(first_barrier))
                 .unwrap();
 
+            let mut processed_rows: u64 = 0;
+
             {
                 // 3. Rearrange stream, will yield the barriers polled from upstream to rearrange.
                 let rearranged_barrier =
@@ -162,8 +164,6 @@ impl RearrangedChainExecutor {
                 let mut last_rearranged_epoch = create_epoch;
                 let mut stop_rearrange_tx = Some(stop_rearrange_tx);
 
-                let mut processed_rows: u64 = 0;
-
                 #[for_await]
                 for rearranged_msg in &mut rearranged {
                     match rearranged_msg? {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl RearrangedChainExecutor {
                         continue;
                     };
                     if let Some(barrier) = msg.as_barrier() {
-                        self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+                        self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, processed_rows);
                     }
                     yield msg;
                 }
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ impl RearrangedChainExecutor {
             for msg in upstream {
                 let msg: Message = msg?;
                 if let Some(barrier) = msg.as_barrier() {
-                    self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+                    self.progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, processed_rows);
                 }
                 yield msg;
             }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
index 512e9f6c28da3..1274acee3dac7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl ValuesExecutor {
 
         while let Some(barrier) = barrier_receiver.recv().await {
             if emit {
-                progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr);
+                progress.finish(barrier.epoch.curr, 0);
             }
             yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
index c438272033831..2c14d6672eb69 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ impl ManagedBarrierState {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(actor, state)| CreateMviewProgress {
                     chain_actor_id: actor,
-                    done: matches!(state, ChainState::Done),
+                    done: matches!(state, ChainState::Done(_)),
                     consumed_epoch: match state {
                         ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(consumed_epoch, _) => consumed_epoch,
-                        ChainState::Done => epoch,
+                        ChainState::Done(_) => epoch,
                     },
                     consumed_rows: match state {
                         ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(_, consumed_rows) => consumed_rows,
-                        ChainState::Done => 0,
+                        ChainState::Done(consumed_rows) => consumed_rows,
                     },
                 })
                 .collect();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
index adea59cdf656a..5abeab216cd00 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/progress.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type ConsumedRows = u64;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) enum ChainState {
     ConsumingUpstream(ConsumedEpoch, ConsumedRows),
-    Done,
+    Done(ConsumedRows),
 }
 
 impl LocalBarrierManager {
@@ -129,10 +129,15 @@ impl CreateMviewProgress {
     ) {
         match self.state {
             Some(ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(last, last_consumed_rows)) => {
-                assert!(last < consumed_epoch);
+                assert!(
+                    last < consumed_epoch,
+                    "last_epoch: {:#?} must be greater than consumed epoch: {:#?}",
+                    last,
+                    consumed_epoch
+                );
                 assert!(last_consumed_rows <= current_consumed_rows);
             }
-            Some(ChainState::Done) => unreachable!(),
+            Some(ChainState::Done(_)) => unreachable!(),
             None => {}
         };
         self.update_inner(
@@ -143,11 +148,11 @@ impl CreateMviewProgress {
 
     /// Finish the progress. If the progress is already finished, then perform no-op.
     /// `current_epoch` should be provided to locate the barrier under concurrent checkpoint.
-    pub fn finish(&mut self, current_epoch: u64) {
-        if let Some(ChainState::Done) = self.state {
+    pub fn finish(&mut self, current_epoch: u64, current_consumed_rows: ConsumedRows) {
+        if let Some(ChainState::Done(_)) = self.state {
             return;
         }
-        self.update_inner(current_epoch, ChainState::Done);
+        self.update_inner(current_epoch, ChainState::Done(current_consumed_rows));
     }
 }
 

From 417561d3989374bf795c83687d38203fd717f113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:12:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 176/430] feat(test): support customized source logic in
 deterministic test (#12456)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 src/connector/src/macros.rs                   |   5 +-
 src/connector/src/source/mod.rs               |   2 +
 src/connector/src/source/test_source.rs       | 239 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |   4 +
 .../src/executor/wrapper/schema_check.rs      |   2 +-
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml               |   1 +
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     | 114 +++++++--
 8 files changed, 345 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/source/test_source.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 42a08e60f43d5..919c5a234dc00 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7473,6 +7473,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "tikv-jemallocator",
  "tokio-postgres",
+ "tokio-stream",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/macros.rs b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
index 792e2066abcca..62a3cfdcd9682 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/macros.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ macro_rules! for_all_classified_sources {
                 { Datagen, $crate::source::datagen::DatagenProperties, $crate::source::datagen::DatagenSplit },
                 { GooglePubsub, $crate::source::google_pubsub::PubsubProperties, $crate::source::google_pubsub::PubsubSplit },
                 { Nats, $crate::source::nats::NatsProperties, $crate::source::nats::split::NatsSplit },
-                { S3, $crate::source::filesystem::S3Properties, $crate::source::filesystem::FsSplit }
+                { S3, $crate::source::filesystem::S3Properties, $crate::source::filesystem::FsSplit },
+                { Test, $crate::source::test_source::TestSourceProperties, $crate::source::test_source::TestSourceSplit}
             }
             $(
                 ,$extra_args
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_split_impl {
 macro_rules! impl_split {
     ({$({ $variant_name:ident, $prop_name:ty, $split:ty}),*}) => {
 
-        #[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner, PartialEq, Hash)]
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner, PartialEq)]
         pub enum SplitImpl {
             $(
                 $variant_name($split),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
index 20a9f706e60b5..762af05cd0c96 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ mod common;
 pub mod external;
 mod manager;
 mod mock_external_table;
+pub mod test_source;
+
 pub use manager::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType};
 pub use mock_external_table::MockExternalTableReader;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/test_source.rs b/src/connector/src/source/test_source.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..743ae3b179427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/test_source.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use risingwave_common::types::JsonbVal;
+use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
+use crate::source::{
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, SourceContextRef, SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
+    SourceProperties, SplitEnumerator, SplitId, SplitMetaData, SplitReader, TryFromHashmap,
+};
+
+pub type BoxListSplits = Box<
+    dyn FnMut(
+            TestSourceProperties,
+            SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
+        ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<TestSourceSplit>>
+        + Send
+        + 'static,
+>;
+
+pub type BoxIntoSourceStream = Box<
+    dyn FnMut(
+            TestSourceProperties,
+            Vec<TestSourceSplit>,
+            ParserConfig,
+            SourceContextRef,
+            Option<Vec<Column>>,
+        ) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream
+        + Send
+        + 'static,
+>;
+
+pub struct BoxSource {
+    list_split: BoxListSplits,
+    into_source_stream: BoxIntoSourceStream,
+}
+
+impl BoxSource {
+    pub fn new(
+        list_splits: impl FnMut(
+                TestSourceProperties,
+                SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
+            ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<TestSourceSplit>>
+            + Send
+            + 'static,
+        into_source_stream: impl FnMut(
+                TestSourceProperties,
+                Vec<TestSourceSplit>,
+                ParserConfig,
+                SourceContextRef,
+                Option<Vec<Column>>,
+            ) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream
+            + Send
+            + 'static,
+    ) -> BoxSource {
+        BoxSource {
+            list_split: Box::new(list_splits),
+            into_source_stream: Box::new(into_source_stream),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct TestSourceRegistry {
+    box_source: Arc<Mutex<Option<BoxSource>>>,
+}
+
+impl TestSourceRegistry {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        TestSourceRegistry {
+            box_source: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_registry() -> &'static TestSourceRegistry {
+    static GLOBAL_REGISTRY: OnceLock<TestSourceRegistry> = OnceLock::new();
+    GLOBAL_REGISTRY.get_or_init(TestSourceRegistry::new)
+}
+
+pub struct TestSourceRegistryGuard;
+
+impl Drop for TestSourceRegistryGuard {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        assert!(get_registry().box_source.lock().take().is_some());
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn registry_test_source(box_source: BoxSource) -> TestSourceRegistryGuard {
+    assert!(get_registry()
+        .box_source
+        .lock()
+        .replace(box_source)
+        .is_none());
+    TestSourceRegistryGuard
+}
+
+pub const TEST_CONNECTOR: &str = "test";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TestSourceProperties {
+    properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl TryFromHashmap for TestSourceProperties {
+    fn try_from_hashmap(props: HashMap<String, String>) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if cfg!(any(madsim, test)) {
+            Ok(TestSourceProperties { properties: props })
+        } else {
+            Err(anyhow!("test source only available at test"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TestSourceSplit {
+    pub id: SplitId,
+    pub properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+    pub offset: String,
+}
+
+impl SplitMetaData for TestSourceSplit {
+    fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
+        self.id.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_json(&self) -> JsonbVal {
+        serde_json::to_value(self.clone()).unwrap().into()
+    }
+
+    fn restore_from_json(value: JsonbVal) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        serde_json::from_value(value.take()).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
+    }
+
+    fn update_with_offset(&mut self, start_offset: String) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.offset = start_offset;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TestSourceSplitEnumerator {
+    properties: TestSourceProperties,
+    context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SplitEnumerator for TestSourceSplitEnumerator {
+    type Properties = TestSourceProperties;
+    type Split = TestSourceSplit;
+
+    async fn new(
+        properties: Self::Properties,
+        context: SourceEnumeratorContextRef,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            properties,
+            context,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn list_splits(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<Self::Split>> {
+        (get_registry()
+            .box_source
+            .lock()
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("should have init")
+            .list_split)(self.properties.clone(), self.context.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TestSourceSplitReader {
+    properties: TestSourceProperties,
+    state: Vec<TestSourceSplit>,
+    parser_config: ParserConfig,
+    source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
+    columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SplitReader for TestSourceSplitReader {
+    type Properties = TestSourceProperties;
+    type Split = TestSourceSplit;
+
+    async fn new(
+        properties: Self::Properties,
+        state: Vec<Self::Split>,
+        parser_config: ParserConfig,
+        source_ctx: SourceContextRef,
+        columns: Option<Vec<Column>>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            properties,
+            state,
+            parser_config,
+            source_ctx,
+            columns,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn into_stream(self) -> BoxSourceWithStateStream {
+        (get_registry()
+            .box_source
+            .lock()
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("should have init")
+            .into_source_stream)(
+            self.properties,
+            self.state,
+            self.parser_config,
+            self.source_ctx,
+            self.columns,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl SourceProperties for TestSourceProperties {
+    type Split = TestSourceSplit;
+    type SplitEnumerator = TestSourceSplitEnumerator;
+    type SplitReader = TestSourceSplitReader;
+
+    const SOURCE_NAME: &'static str = TEST_CONNECTOR;
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index 448d2f49923f7..7479348c4b80f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::cdc::{
 use risingwave_connector::source::datagen::DATAGEN_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::filesystem::S3_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::nexmark::source::{get_event_data_types_with_names, EventType};
+use risingwave_connector::source::test_source::TEST_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
     SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR, KAFKA_CONNECTOR,
     KINESIS_CONNECTOR, NATS_CONNECTOR, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR, PULSAR_CONNECTOR,
@@ -907,6 +908,9 @@ static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, V
                 NATS_CONNECTOR => hashmap!(
                     Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
                 ),
+                TEST_CONNECTOR => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
+                )
         ))
     });
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/schema_check.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/schema_check.rs
index d23eca2b455c6..3e8738db8327a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/schema_check.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/schema_check.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub async fn schema_check(info: Arc<ExecutorInfo>, input: impl MessageStream) {
             }
             Message::Barrier(_) => Ok(()),
         }
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("schema check failed on {}: {}", info.identity, e));
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("schema check failed on {:?}: {}", info, e));
 
         yield message;
     }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 26fce12ce37b4..1268b670471d5 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ sqllogictest = "0.17.0"
 tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
+tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index c0f9f7253f373..a5715a8471c44 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::io::Write;
+use std::iter::once;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -20,15 +21,23 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use futures::stream::select_all;
+use futures::StreamExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use rand::prelude::SliceRandom;
-use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
+use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::boxed::{BoxCoordinator, BoxWriter};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::test_sink::registry_build_sink;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+use risingwave_connector::source::test_source::{registry_test_source, BoxSource, TestSourceSplit};
+use risingwave_connector::source::StreamChunkWithState;
 use risingwave_simulation::cluster::{Cluster, ConfigPath, Configuration};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedReceiver};
 use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
 
 struct TestWriter {
     row_counter: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
@@ -91,6 +100,21 @@ impl Sink for TestSink {
     }
 }
 
+fn build_stream_chunk(row_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (i32, String)>) -> StreamChunk {
+    let mut builder = DataChunkBuilder::new(vec![DataType::Int32, DataType::Varchar], 100000);
+    for (id, name) in row_iter {
+        assert!(builder
+            .append_one_row([
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(id)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(name.into())),
+            ])
+            .is_none());
+    }
+    let chunk = builder.consume_all().unwrap();
+    let ops = (0..chunk.cardinality()).map(|_| Op::Insert).collect_vec();
+    StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_sink_basic() -> Result<()> {
     let config_path = {
@@ -126,30 +150,55 @@ async fn test_sink_basic() -> Result<()> {
         }
     });
 
+    let source_parallelism = 12;
+    let mut txs = Vec::new();
+    let mut rxs = Vec::new();
+    for _ in 0..source_parallelism {
+        let (tx, rx): (_, UnboundedReceiver<StreamChunk>) = unbounded_channel();
+        txs.push(tx);
+        rxs.push(Some(rx));
+    }
+
+    let _source_guard = registry_test_source(BoxSource::new(
+        move |_, _| {
+            Ok((0..source_parallelism)
+                .map(|i: usize| TestSourceSplit {
+                    id: format!("{}", i).as_str().into(),
+                    properties: Default::default(),
+                    offset: "".to_string(),
+                })
+                .collect_vec())
+        },
+        move |_, splits, _, _, _| {
+            select_all(splits.into_iter().map(|split| {
+                let id: usize = split.id.parse().unwrap();
+                let rx = rxs[id].take().unwrap();
+                UnboundedReceiverStream::new(rx).map(|chunk| Ok(StreamChunkWithState::from(chunk)))
+            }))
+            .boxed()
+        },
+    ));
+
     let mut session = cluster.start_session();
 
     session.run("set streaming_parallelism = 6").await?;
     session.run("set sink_decouple = false").await?;
     session
-        .run("create table test_table (id int, name varchar)")
+        .run("create table test_table (id int primary key, name varchar) with (connector = 'test') FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON")
         .await?;
     session
         .run("create sink test_sink from test_table with (connector = 'test')")
         .await?;
     let mut count = 0;
-    let mut id_list = (0..100000).collect_vec();
+    let mut id_list: Vec<usize> = (0..100000).collect_vec();
     id_list.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
     let flush_freq = 50;
-    for id in &id_list[0..1000] {
-        session
-            .run(format!(
-                "insert into test_table values ({}, 'name-{}')",
-                id, id
-            ))
-            .await?;
+    for id in &id_list[0..10000] {
+        let chunk = build_stream_chunk(once((*id as i32, format!("name-{}", id))));
+        txs[id % source_parallelism].send(chunk).unwrap();
         count += 1;
         if count % flush_freq == 0 {
-            session.run("flush").await?;
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
         }
     }
 
@@ -198,12 +247,41 @@ async fn test_sink_decouple_basic() -> Result<()> {
         }
     });
 
+    let source_parallelism = 12;
+    let mut txs = Vec::new();
+    let mut rxs = Vec::new();
+    for _ in 0..source_parallelism {
+        let (tx, rx): (_, UnboundedReceiver<StreamChunk>) = unbounded_channel();
+        txs.push(tx);
+        rxs.push(Some(rx));
+    }
+
+    let _source_guard = registry_test_source(BoxSource::new(
+        move |_, _| {
+            Ok((0..source_parallelism)
+                .map(|i: usize| TestSourceSplit {
+                    id: format!("{}", i).as_str().into(),
+                    properties: Default::default(),
+                    offset: "".to_string(),
+                })
+                .collect_vec())
+        },
+        move |_, splits, _, _, _| {
+            select_all(splits.into_iter().map(|split| {
+                let id: usize = split.id.parse().unwrap();
+                let rx = rxs[id].take().unwrap();
+                UnboundedReceiverStream::new(rx).map(|chunk| Ok(StreamChunkWithState::from(chunk)))
+            }))
+            .boxed()
+        },
+    ));
+
     let mut session = cluster.start_session();
 
     session.run("set streaming_parallelism = 6").await?;
     session.run("set sink_decouple = true").await?;
     session
-        .run("create table test_table (id int, name varchar)")
+        .run("create table test_table (id int primary key, name varchar) with (connector = 'test') FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON")
         .await?;
     session
         .run("create sink test_sink from test_table with (connector = 'test')")
@@ -214,16 +292,12 @@ async fn test_sink_decouple_basic() -> Result<()> {
     let mut id_list = (0..100000).collect_vec();
     id_list.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
     let flush_freq = 50;
-    for id in &id_list[0..1000] {
-        session
-            .run(format!(
-                "insert into test_table values ({}, 'name-{}')",
-                id, id
-            ))
-            .await?;
+    for id in &id_list[0..10000] {
+        let chunk = build_stream_chunk(once((*id as i32, format!("name-{}", id))));
+        txs[id % source_parallelism].send(chunk).unwrap();
         count += 1;
         if count % flush_freq == 0 {
-            session.run("flush").await?;
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
         }
     }
 

From d979e88b9575a8878c59779b094b6d51deba4b43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:22:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 177/430] refactor(storage): reorg selector (#12392)

---
 .../src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs  | 448 +----------
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs        |  89 +--
 .../picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs    |   7 +-
 .../picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs         |   2 +-
 .../picker/manual_compaction_picker.rs        |   8 +-
 .../picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs   |   4 +-
 .../picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs |   7 +-
 .../picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs          |   6 +-
 .../tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs    |   2 +-
 .../picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs   |   4 +-
 .../compaction/selector/emergency_selector.rs |  70 ++
 .../compaction/selector/level_selector.rs     | 710 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../compaction/selector/manual_selector.rs    | 122 +++
 .../src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs    | 348 +++++++++
 .../selector/space_reclaim_selector.rs        |  74 ++
 .../tombstone_compaction_selector.rs          |   6 +-
 .../compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs       |  73 ++
 src/meta/src/hummock/compactor_manager.rs     |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |  25 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs         |  36 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs         |   3 +-
 .../src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs   |  10 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs            |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs   |   2 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs       |  16 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs      |   2 +-
 26 files changed, 1483 insertions(+), 599 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/emergency_selector.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/manual_selector.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/space_reclaim_selector.rs
 rename src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/{ => selector}/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs (94%)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
index 05975f64da1b1..5f673aac0cd2e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ use super::picker::{
     TtlReclaimCompactionPicker,
 };
 use super::{
-    create_compaction_task, LevelCompactionPicker, ManualCompactionOption, ManualCompactionPicker,
-    TierCompactionPicker,
+    create_compaction_task, CompactionSelector, LevelCompactionPicker, ManualCompactionOption,
+    ManualCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker,
 };
 use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::OverlapStrategy;
 use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
 use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic};
 use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
-use crate::rpc::metrics::MetaMetrics;
 
 pub const SCORE_BASE: u64 = 100;
 
@@ -62,24 +61,6 @@ pub struct PickerInfo {
     picker_type: PickerType,
 }
 
-pub trait LevelSelector: Sync + Send {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask>;
-
-    fn report_statistic_metrics(&self, _metrics: &MetaMetrics) {}
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str;
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType;
-}
-
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct SelectContext {
     pub level_max_bytes: Vec<u64>,
@@ -410,7 +391,7 @@ impl DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
     }
 }
 
-impl LevelSelector for DynamicLevelSelector {
+impl CompactionSelector for DynamicLevelSelector {
     fn pick_compaction(
         &mut self,
         task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
@@ -467,200 +448,6 @@ impl LevelSelector for DynamicLevelSelector {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct ManualCompactionSelector {
-    option: ManualCompactionOption,
-}
-
-impl ManualCompactionSelector {
-    pub fn new(option: ManualCompactionOption) -> Self {
-        Self { option }
-    }
-}
-
-impl LevelSelector for ManualCompactionSelector {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
-        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
-        let overlap_strategy = create_overlap_strategy(group.compaction_config.compaction_mode());
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        let (mut picker, base_level) = {
-            let target_level = if self.option.level == 0 {
-                ctx.base_level
-            } else if self.option.level == group.compaction_config.max_level as usize {
-                self.option.level
-            } else {
-                self.option.level + 1
-            };
-            if self.option.level > 0 && self.option.level < ctx.base_level {
-                return None;
-            }
-            (
-                ManualCompactionPicker::new(overlap_strategy, self.option.clone(), target_level),
-                ctx.base_level,
-            )
-        };
-
-        let compaction_input =
-            picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut LocalPickerStatistic::default())?;
-        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
-
-        Some(create_compaction_task(
-            group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
-            compaction_input,
-            base_level,
-            self.task_type(),
-        ))
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "ManualCompactionSelector"
-    }
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
-        compact_task::TaskType::Manual
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector {
-    state: HashMap<u64, SpaceReclaimPickerState>,
-}
-
-impl LevelSelector for SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
-        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
-        let mut picker = SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
-            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
-            levels.member_table_ids.iter().cloned().collect(),
-        );
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        let state = self.state.entry(group.group_id).or_default();
-
-        let compaction_input = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, state)?;
-        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
-
-        Some(create_compaction_task(
-            dynamic_level_core.get_config(),
-            compaction_input,
-            ctx.base_level,
-            self.task_type(),
-        ))
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "SpaceReclaimCompaction"
-    }
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
-        compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct TtlCompactionSelector {
-    state: HashMap<u64, TtlPickerState>,
-}
-
-impl LevelSelector for TtlCompactionSelector {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
-        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        let picker = TtlReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
-            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
-            table_id_to_options,
-        );
-        let state = self.state.entry(group.group_id).or_default();
-        let compaction_input = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, state)?;
-        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
-
-        Some(create_compaction_task(
-            group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
-            compaction_input,
-            ctx.base_level,
-            self.task_type(),
-        ))
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "TtlCompaction"
-    }
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
-        compact_task::TaskType::Ttl
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn default_level_selector() -> Box<dyn LevelSelector> {
-    Box::<DynamicLevelSelector>::default()
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct EmergencySelector {}
-
-impl LevelSelector for EmergencySelector {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
-        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        let picker =
-            EmergencyCompactionPicker::new(ctx.base_level, group.compaction_config.clone());
-
-        let mut stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
-        if let Some(compaction_input) = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut stats) {
-            compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
-
-            return Some(create_compaction_task(
-                group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
-                compaction_input,
-                ctx.base_level,
-                self.task_type(),
-            ));
-        }
-
-        selector_stats.skip_picker.push((0, ctx.base_level, stats));
-
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "EmergencyCompaction"
-    }
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
-        compact_task::TaskType::Emergency
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use std::ops::Range;
@@ -674,235 +461,6 @@ pub mod tests {
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
     use crate::hummock::test_utils::iterator_test_key_of_epoch;
 
-    pub fn push_table_level0_overlapping(levels: &mut Levels, sst: SstableInfo) {
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size += sst.file_size;
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.push(Level {
-            level_idx: 0,
-            level_type: LevelType::Overlapping as i32,
-            total_file_size: sst.file_size,
-            uncompressed_file_size: sst.uncompressed_file_size,
-            sub_level_id: sst.get_sst_id(),
-            table_infos: vec![sst],
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub fn push_table_level0_nonoverlapping(levels: &mut Levels, sst: SstableInfo) {
-        push_table_level0_overlapping(levels, sst);
-        levels
-            .l0
-            .as_mut()
-            .unwrap()
-            .sub_levels
-            .last_mut()
-            .unwrap()
-            .level_type = LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32;
-    }
-
-    pub fn push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(levels: &mut Levels, table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) {
-        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>();
-        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
-            .iter()
-            .map(|table| table.uncompressed_file_size)
-            .sum();
-        let sub_level_id = table_infos[0].get_sst_id();
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size += total_file_size;
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.push(Level {
-            level_idx: 0,
-            level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
-            total_file_size,
-            sub_level_id,
-            table_infos,
-            uncompressed_file_size,
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub fn generate_table(
-        id: u64,
-        table_prefix: u64,
-        left: usize,
-        right: usize,
-        epoch: u64,
-    ) -> SstableInfo {
-        SstableInfo {
-            object_id: id,
-            sst_id: id,
-            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
-                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, left, epoch),
-                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, right, epoch),
-                right_exclusive: false,
-            }),
-            file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
-            table_ids: vec![table_prefix as u32],
-            uncompressed_file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
-            total_key_count: (right - left + 1) as u64,
-            ..Default::default()
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    pub fn generate_table_with_ids_and_epochs(
-        id: u64,
-        table_prefix: u64,
-        left: usize,
-        right: usize,
-        epoch: u64,
-        table_ids: Vec<u32>,
-        min_epoch: u64,
-        max_epoch: u64,
-    ) -> SstableInfo {
-        SstableInfo {
-            object_id: id,
-            sst_id: id,
-            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
-                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, left, epoch),
-                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, right, epoch),
-                right_exclusive: false,
-            }),
-            file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
-            table_ids,
-            uncompressed_file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
-            min_epoch,
-            max_epoch,
-            ..Default::default()
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn generate_tables(
-        ids: Range<u64>,
-        keys: Range<usize>,
-        epoch: u64,
-        file_size: u64,
-    ) -> Vec<SstableInfo> {
-        let step = (keys.end - keys.start) / (ids.end - ids.start) as usize;
-        let mut start = keys.start;
-        let mut tables = vec![];
-        for id in ids {
-            let mut table = generate_table(id, 1, start, start + step - 1, epoch);
-            table.file_size = file_size;
-            tables.push(table);
-            start += step;
-        }
-        tables
-    }
-
-    pub fn generate_level(level_idx: u32, table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) -> Level {
-        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|sst| sst.file_size).sum();
-        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
-            .iter()
-            .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
-            .sum();
-        Level {
-            level_idx,
-            level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
-            table_infos,
-            total_file_size,
-            sub_level_id: 0,
-            uncompressed_file_size,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a `OverlappingLevel`, with each `table_infos`'s element placed in a nonoverlapping
-    /// sub-level.
-    pub fn generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) -> OverlappingLevel {
-        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>();
-        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
-            .iter()
-            .map(|table| table.uncompressed_file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-        OverlappingLevel {
-            sub_levels: table_infos
-                .into_iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
-                    level_idx: 0,
-                    level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
-                    total_file_size: table.file_size,
-                    uncompressed_file_size: table.uncompressed_file_size,
-                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
-                    table_infos: vec![table],
-                })
-                .collect_vec(),
-            total_file_size,
-            uncompressed_file_size,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn generate_l0_nonoverlapping_multi_sublevels(
-        table_infos: Vec<Vec<SstableInfo>>,
-    ) -> OverlappingLevel {
-        let mut l0 = OverlappingLevel {
-            sub_levels: table_infos
-                .into_iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
-                    level_idx: 0,
-                    level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
-                    total_file_size: table.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>(),
-                    uncompressed_file_size: table
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
-                        .sum::<u64>(),
-                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
-                    table_infos: table,
-                })
-                .collect_vec(),
-            total_file_size: 0,
-            uncompressed_file_size: 0,
-        };
-
-        l0.total_file_size = l0.sub_levels.iter().map(|l| l.total_file_size).sum::<u64>();
-        l0.uncompressed_file_size = l0
-            .sub_levels
-            .iter()
-            .map(|l| l.uncompressed_file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-        l0
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a `OverlappingLevel`, with each `table_infos`'s element placed in a overlapping
-    /// sub-level.
-    pub fn generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels(
-        table_infos: Vec<Vec<SstableInfo>>,
-    ) -> OverlappingLevel {
-        let mut l0 = OverlappingLevel {
-            sub_levels: table_infos
-                .into_iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
-                    level_idx: 0,
-                    level_type: LevelType::Overlapping as i32,
-                    total_file_size: table.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>(),
-                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
-                    table_infos: table.clone(),
-                    uncompressed_file_size: table
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
-                        .sum::<u64>(),
-                })
-                .collect_vec(),
-            total_file_size: 0,
-            uncompressed_file_size: 0,
-        };
-        l0.total_file_size = l0.sub_levels.iter().map(|l| l.total_file_size).sum::<u64>();
-        l0.uncompressed_file_size = l0
-            .sub_levels
-            .iter()
-            .map(|l| l.uncompressed_file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-        l0
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn assert_compaction_task(
-        compact_task: &CompactionTask,
-        level_handlers: &[LevelHandler],
-    ) {
-        for i in &compact_task.input.input_levels {
-            for t in &i.table_infos {
-                assert!(level_handlers[i.level_idx as usize].is_pending_compact(&t.sst_id));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_dynamic_level() {
         let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
index 23585da8999a9..632061b6d7705 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
@@ -15,37 +15,32 @@
 #![expect(clippy::arc_with_non_send_sync, reason = "FIXME: later")]
 
 pub mod compaction_config;
-mod level_selector;
 mod overlap_strategy;
-mod tombstone_compaction_selector;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StateTableId;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::prost_key_range::KeyRangeExt;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{self, TaskStatus};
 
 mod picker;
+pub mod selector;
+
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use picker::{LevelCompactionPicker, ManualCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker};
+use picker::{LevelCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{
-    can_concat, CompactionGroupId, HummockCompactionTaskId, HummockEpoch, HummockSstableId,
+    can_concat, CompactionGroupId, HummockCompactionTaskId, HummockEpoch,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compaction_config::CompactionMode;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactTask, CompactionConfig, KeyRange, LevelType};
+pub use selector::CompactionSelector;
 
-pub use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::{
-    default_level_selector, DynamicLevelSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, EmergencySelector,
-    LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
-};
+use self::selector::LocalSelectorStatistic;
 use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::{OverlapStrategy, RangeOverlapStrategy};
-use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{CompactionInput, LocalPickerStatistic};
-pub use crate::hummock::compaction::tombstone_compaction_selector::TombstoneCompactionSelector;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::CompactionInput;
 use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
-use crate::rpc::metrics::MetaMetrics;
 
 pub struct CompactStatus {
     pub(crate) compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
@@ -111,7 +106,7 @@ impl CompactStatus {
         task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
         group: &CompactionGroup,
         stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector>,
+        selector: &mut Box<dyn CompactionSelector>,
         table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
     ) -> Option<CompactTask> {
         // When we compact the files, we must make the result of compaction meet the following
@@ -209,74 +204,6 @@ impl CompactStatus {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct ManualCompactionOption {
-    /// Filters out SSTs to pick. Has no effect if empty.
-    pub sst_ids: Vec<HummockSstableId>,
-    /// Filters out SSTs to pick.
-    pub key_range: KeyRange,
-    /// Filters out SSTs to pick. Has no effect if empty.
-    pub internal_table_id: HashSet<StateTableId>,
-    /// Input level.
-    pub level: usize,
-}
-
-impl Default for ManualCompactionOption {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            sst_ids: vec![],
-            key_range: KeyRange {
-                left: vec![],
-                right: vec![],
-                right_exclusive: false,
-            },
-            internal_table_id: HashSet::default(),
-            level: 1,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct LocalSelectorStatistic {
-    skip_picker: Vec<(usize, usize, LocalPickerStatistic)>,
-}
-
-impl LocalSelectorStatistic {
-    pub fn report_to_metrics(&self, group_id: u64, metrics: &MetaMetrics) {
-        for (start_level, target_level, stats) in &self.skip_picker {
-            let level_label = format!("cg{}-{}-to-{}", group_id, start_level, target_level);
-            if stats.skip_by_write_amp_limit > 0 {
-                metrics
-                    .compact_skip_frequency
-                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "write-amp"])
-                    .inc();
-            }
-            if stats.skip_by_count_limit > 0 {
-                metrics
-                    .compact_skip_frequency
-                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "count"])
-                    .inc();
-            }
-            if stats.skip_by_pending_files > 0 {
-                metrics
-                    .compact_skip_frequency
-                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "pending-files"])
-                    .inc();
-            }
-            if stats.skip_by_overlapping > 0 {
-                metrics
-                    .compact_skip_frequency
-                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "overlapping"])
-                    .inc();
-            }
-            metrics
-                .compact_skip_frequency
-                .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "picker"])
-                .inc();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn create_compaction_task(
     compaction_config: &CompactionConfig,
     input: CompactionInput,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
index 684a6a3125bb8..6e1b33b1935d2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/base_level_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -240,12 +240,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
-        generate_l0_nonoverlapping_multi_sublevels, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels,
-        generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels, generate_level, generate_table,
-        push_table_level0_nonoverlapping, push_table_level0_overlapping,
-        push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping,
-    };
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::{CompactionMode, TierCompactionPicker};
 
     fn create_compaction_picker_for_test() -> LevelCompactionPicker {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
index 541b93254172b..c744c79c89995 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
         generate_l0_nonoverlapping_multi_sublevels, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels,
         generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels, generate_level, generate_table,
         push_table_level0_overlapping, push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/manual_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/manual_compaction_picker.rs
index e8f8c908d0fd3..23b1f0b6a9960 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/manual_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/manual_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use super::{CompactionInput, CompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic};
 use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::{
     OverlapInfo, OverlapStrategy, RangeOverlapInfo,
 };
-use crate::hummock::compaction::ManualCompactionOption;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::ManualCompactionOption;
 use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 
 pub struct ManualCompactionPicker {
@@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ pub mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::RangeOverlapStrategy;
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
         assert_compaction_task, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels,
         generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels, generate_level, generate_table,
     };
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::{LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector};
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::RangeOverlapStrategy;
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{CompactionSelector, ManualCompactionSelector};
     use crate::hummock::compaction::LocalSelectorStatistic;
     use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
     use crate::hummock::test_utils::iterator_test_key_of_epoch;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
index 0cf44795e0acb..c705bd3b43aae 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -379,10 +379,10 @@ pub mod tests {
     pub use risingwave_pb::hummock::{KeyRange, Level, LevelType};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::RangeOverlapStrategy;
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
         generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels, generate_table,
     };
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::RangeOverlapStrategy;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_compact_l1() {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index a3ff21831fef8..63f3f3536e5e2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -174,12 +174,13 @@ mod test {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
         assert_compaction_task, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels, generate_level,
         generate_table_with_ids_and_epochs,
     };
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::{LevelSelector, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+        CompactionSelector, LocalSelectorStatistic, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector,
+    };
     use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
index 5b3058317a4b0..a64bf489a197a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tier_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -163,12 +163,12 @@ pub mod tests {
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::{LevelType, OverlappingLevel};
 
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
-        generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels, generate_table, push_table_level0_overlapping,
-    };
     use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
         CompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic, TierCompactionPicker,
     };
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
+        generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels, generate_table, push_table_level0_overlapping,
+    };
     use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index 994bfbc5ea557..5438abefa2021 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::create_overlap_strategy;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{generate_level, generate_table};
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{generate_level, generate_table};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_basic() {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index 9f84b99453f17..07f074a5394b8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -227,11 +227,11 @@ mod test {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::tests::{
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
         assert_compaction_task, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels, generate_level,
         generate_table_with_ids_and_epochs,
     };
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::level_selector::{LevelSelector, TtlCompactionSelector};
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{CompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector};
     use crate::hummock::compaction::LocalSelectorStatistic;
     use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/emergency_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/emergency_selector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3f5a81e264956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/emergency_selector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+
+use super::{CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{EmergencyCompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_compaction_task, CompactionTask};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct EmergencySelector {}
+
+impl CompactionSelector for EmergencySelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        let picker =
+            EmergencyCompactionPicker::new(ctx.base_level, group.compaction_config.clone());
+
+        let mut stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
+        if let Some(compaction_input) = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut stats) {
+            compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+
+            return Some(create_compaction_task(
+                group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
+                compaction_input,
+                ctx.base_level,
+                self.task_type(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        selector_stats.skip_picker.push((0, ctx.base_level, stats));
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "EmergencyCompaction"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::Emergency
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8c65d90ac9c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//  limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockLevelsExt;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{compact_task, CompactionConfig, LevelType};
+
+use super::{
+    create_compaction_task, CompactionSelector, LevelCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker,
+};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::OverlapStrategy;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
+    CompactionPicker, CompactionTaskValidator, IntraCompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic,
+    MinOverlappingPicker,
+};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+pub const SCORE_BASE: u64 = 100;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub enum PickerType {
+    Tier,
+    Intra,
+    ToBase,
+    #[default]
+    BottomLevel,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct PickerInfo {
+    score: u64,
+    select_level: usize,
+    target_level: usize,
+    picker_type: PickerType,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct SelectContext {
+    pub level_max_bytes: Vec<u64>,
+
+    // All data will be placed in the last level. When the cluster is empty, the files in L0 will
+    // be compact to `max_level`, and the `max_level` would be `base_level`. When the total
+    // size of the files in  `base_level` reaches its capacity, we will place data in a higher
+    // level, which equals to `base_level -= 1;`.
+    pub base_level: usize,
+    pub score_levels: Vec<PickerInfo>,
+}
+
+pub struct DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
+    config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct DynamicLevelSelector {}
+
+impl DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
+    pub fn new(config: Arc<CompactionConfig>) -> Self {
+        Self { config }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_config(&self) -> &CompactionConfig {
+        self.config.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    fn create_compaction_picker(
+        &self,
+        picker_info: &PickerInfo,
+        overlap_strategy: Arc<dyn OverlapStrategy>,
+        compaction_task_validator: Arc<CompactionTaskValidator>,
+    ) -> Box<dyn CompactionPicker> {
+        match picker_info.picker_type {
+            PickerType::Tier => Box::new(TierCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
+                self.config.clone(),
+                compaction_task_validator,
+            )),
+            PickerType::ToBase => Box::new(LevelCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
+                picker_info.target_level,
+                self.config.clone(),
+                compaction_task_validator,
+            )),
+            PickerType::Intra => Box::new(IntraCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
+                self.config.clone(),
+                compaction_task_validator,
+            )),
+            PickerType::BottomLevel => {
+                assert_eq!(picker_info.select_level + 1, picker_info.target_level);
+                Box::new(MinOverlappingPicker::new(
+                    picker_info.select_level,
+                    picker_info.target_level,
+                    self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base,
+                    self.config.split_by_state_table,
+                    overlap_strategy,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: calculate this scores in apply compact result.
+    /// `calculate_level_base_size` calculate base level and the base size of LSM tree build for
+    /// current dataset. In other words,  `level_max_bytes` is our compaction goal which shall
+    /// reach. This algorithm refers to the implementation in  [`https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/v7.2.2/db/version_set.cc#L3706`]
+    pub fn calculate_level_base_size(&self, levels: &Levels) -> SelectContext {
+        let mut first_non_empty_level = 0;
+        let mut max_level_size = 0;
+        let mut ctx = SelectContext::default();
+
+        for level in &levels.levels {
+            if level.total_file_size > 0 && first_non_empty_level == 0 {
+                first_non_empty_level = level.level_idx as usize;
+            }
+            max_level_size = std::cmp::max(max_level_size, level.total_file_size);
+        }
+
+        ctx.level_max_bytes
+            .resize(self.config.max_level as usize + 1, u64::MAX);
+
+        if max_level_size == 0 {
+            // Use the bottommost level.
+            ctx.base_level = self.config.max_level as usize;
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+        let base_bytes_max = self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base;
+        let base_bytes_min = base_bytes_max / self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
+
+        let mut cur_level_size = max_level_size;
+        for _ in first_non_empty_level..self.config.max_level as usize {
+            cur_level_size /= self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
+        }
+
+        let base_level_size = if cur_level_size <= base_bytes_min {
+            // Case 1. If we make target size of last level to be max_level_size,
+            // target size of the first non-empty level would be smaller than
+            // base_bytes_min. We set it be base_bytes_min.
+            ctx.base_level = first_non_empty_level;
+            base_bytes_min + 1
+        } else {
+            ctx.base_level = first_non_empty_level;
+            while ctx.base_level > 1 && cur_level_size > base_bytes_max {
+                ctx.base_level -= 1;
+                cur_level_size /= self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
+            }
+            std::cmp::min(base_bytes_max, cur_level_size)
+        };
+
+        let level_multiplier = self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier as f64;
+        let mut level_size = base_level_size;
+        for i in ctx.base_level..=self.config.max_level as usize {
+            // Don't set any level below base_bytes_max. Otherwise, the LSM can
+            // assume an hourglass shape where L1+ sizes are smaller than L0. This
+            // causes compaction scoring, which depends on level sizes, to favor L1+
+            // at the expense of L0, which may fill up and stall.
+            ctx.level_max_bytes[i] = std::cmp::max(level_size, base_bytes_max);
+            level_size = (level_size as f64 * level_multiplier) as u64;
+        }
+        ctx
+    }
+
+    fn get_priority_levels(&self, levels: &Levels, handlers: &[LevelHandler]) -> SelectContext {
+        let mut ctx = self.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+
+        let idle_file_count = levels
+            .l0
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .sub_levels
+            .iter()
+            .map(|level| level.table_infos.len())
+            .sum::<usize>()
+            - handlers[0].get_pending_file_count();
+
+        if idle_file_count > 0 {
+            // trigger l0 compaction when the number of files is too large.
+
+            // The read query at the overlapping level needs to merge all the ssts, so the number of
+            // ssts is the most important factor affecting the read performance, we use file count
+            // to calculate the score
+            let overlapping_file_count = levels
+                .l0
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap()
+                .sub_levels
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|level| level.level_type() == LevelType::Overlapping)
+                .map(|level| level.table_infos.len())
+                .sum::<usize>();
+            if overlapping_file_count > 0 {
+                // FIXME: use overlapping idle file count
+                let l0_overlapping_score =
+                    std::cmp::min(idle_file_count, overlapping_file_count) as u64 * SCORE_BASE
+                        / self.config.level0_tier_compact_file_number;
+                // Reduce the level num of l0 overlapping sub_level
+                ctx.score_levels.push(PickerInfo {
+                    score: std::cmp::max(l0_overlapping_score, SCORE_BASE + 1),
+                    select_level: 0,
+                    target_level: 0,
+                    picker_type: PickerType::Tier,
+                })
+            }
+
+            // The read query at the non-overlapping level only selects ssts that match the query
+            // range at each level, so the number of levels is the most important factor affecting
+            // the read performance. At the same time, the size factor is also added to the score
+            // calculation rule to avoid unbalanced compact task due to large size.
+            let non_overlapping_score = {
+                let total_size = levels.l0.as_ref().unwrap().total_file_size
+                    - handlers[0].get_pending_output_file_size(ctx.base_level as u32);
+                let base_level_size = levels.get_level(ctx.base_level).total_file_size;
+                let base_level_sst_count =
+                    levels.get_level(ctx.base_level).table_infos.len() as u64;
+
+                // size limit
+                let non_overlapping_size_score = total_size * SCORE_BASE
+                    / std::cmp::max(self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base, base_level_size);
+                // level count limit
+                let non_overlapping_level_count = levels
+                    .l0
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .sub_levels
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|level| level.level_type() == LevelType::Nonoverlapping)
+                    .count() as u64;
+                let non_overlapping_level_score = non_overlapping_level_count * SCORE_BASE
+                    / std::cmp::max(
+                        base_level_sst_count / 16,
+                        self.config.level0_sub_level_compact_level_count as u64,
+                    );
+
+                std::cmp::max(non_overlapping_size_score, non_overlapping_level_score)
+            };
+
+            // Reduce the level num of l0 non-overlapping sub_level
+            ctx.score_levels.push({
+                PickerInfo {
+                    score: non_overlapping_score,
+                    select_level: 0,
+                    target_level: ctx.base_level,
+                    picker_type: PickerType::ToBase,
+                }
+            });
+
+            // FIXME: more accurate score calculation algorithm will be introduced (#11903)
+            ctx.score_levels.push({
+                PickerInfo {
+                    score: non_overlapping_score,
+                    select_level: 0,
+                    target_level: 0,
+                    picker_type: PickerType::Intra,
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // The bottommost level can not be input level.
+        for level in &levels.levels {
+            let level_idx = level.level_idx as usize;
+            if level_idx < ctx.base_level || level_idx >= self.config.max_level as usize {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let upper_level = if level_idx == ctx.base_level {
+                0
+            } else {
+                level_idx - 1
+            };
+            let total_size = level.total_file_size
+                + handlers[upper_level].get_pending_output_file_size(level.level_idx)
+                - handlers[level_idx].get_pending_output_file_size(level.level_idx + 1);
+            if total_size == 0 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            ctx.score_levels.push({
+                PickerInfo {
+                    score: total_size * SCORE_BASE / ctx.level_max_bytes[level_idx],
+                    select_level: level_idx,
+                    target_level: level_idx + 1,
+                    picker_type: PickerType::BottomLevel,
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // sort reverse to pick the largest one.
+        ctx.score_levels.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.score
+                .cmp(&a.score)
+                .then_with(|| a.target_level.cmp(&b.target_level))
+        });
+        ctx
+    }
+
+    /// `compact_pending_bytes_needed` calculates the number of compact bytes needed to balance the
+    /// LSM Tree from the current state of each level in the LSM Tree in combination with
+    /// `compaction_config`
+    /// This algorithm refers to the implementation in  [`https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/main/db/version_set.cc#L3141`]
+    pub fn compact_pending_bytes_needed(&self, levels: &Levels) -> u64 {
+        let ctx = self.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        self.compact_pending_bytes_needed_with_ctx(levels, &ctx)
+    }
+
+    pub fn compact_pending_bytes_needed_with_ctx(
+        &self,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        ctx: &SelectContext,
+    ) -> u64 {
+        // l0
+        let mut compact_pending_bytes = 0;
+        let mut compact_to_next_level_bytes = 0;
+        let l0_size = levels
+            .l0
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .sub_levels
+            .iter()
+            .map(|sub_level| sub_level.total_file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+
+        let mut l0_compaction_trigger = false;
+        if l0_size > self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base {
+            compact_pending_bytes = l0_size;
+            compact_to_next_level_bytes = l0_size;
+            l0_compaction_trigger = true;
+        }
+
+        // l1 and up
+        let mut level_bytes;
+        let mut next_level_bytes = 0;
+        for level in &levels.levels[ctx.base_level - 1..levels.levels.len()] {
+            let level_index = level.get_level_idx() as usize;
+
+            if next_level_bytes > 0 {
+                level_bytes = next_level_bytes;
+                next_level_bytes = 0;
+            } else {
+                level_bytes = level.total_file_size;
+            }
+
+            if level_index == ctx.base_level && l0_compaction_trigger {
+                compact_pending_bytes += level_bytes;
+            }
+
+            level_bytes += compact_to_next_level_bytes;
+            compact_to_next_level_bytes = 0;
+            let level_target = ctx.level_max_bytes[level_index];
+            if level_bytes > level_target {
+                compact_to_next_level_bytes = level_bytes - level_target;
+
+                // Estimate the actual compaction fan-out ratio as size ratio between
+                // the two levels.
+                assert_eq!(0, next_level_bytes);
+                if level_index + 1 < ctx.level_max_bytes.len() {
+                    let next_level = level_index + 1;
+                    next_level_bytes = levels.levels[next_level - 1].total_file_size;
+                }
+
+                if next_level_bytes > 0 {
+                    compact_pending_bytes += (compact_to_next_level_bytes as f64
+                        * (next_level_bytes as f64 / level_bytes as f64 + 1.0))
+                        as u64;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        compact_pending_bytes
+    }
+}
+
+impl CompactionSelector for DynamicLevelSelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        compaction_group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core =
+            DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(compaction_group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let overlap_strategy =
+            create_overlap_strategy(compaction_group.compaction_config.compaction_mode());
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.get_priority_levels(levels, level_handlers);
+        // TODO: Determine which rule to enable by write limit
+        let compaction_task_validator = Arc::new(CompactionTaskValidator::new(
+            compaction_group.compaction_config.clone(),
+        ));
+        for picker_info in &ctx.score_levels {
+            if picker_info.score <= SCORE_BASE {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let mut picker = dynamic_level_core.create_compaction_picker(
+                picker_info,
+                overlap_strategy.clone(),
+                compaction_task_validator.clone(),
+            );
+
+            let mut stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
+            if let Some(ret) = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut stats) {
+                ret.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+                return Some(create_compaction_task(
+                    dynamic_level_core.get_config(),
+                    ret,
+                    ctx.base_level,
+                    self.task_type(),
+                ));
+            }
+            selector_stats.skip_picker.push((
+                picker_info.select_level,
+                picker_info.target_level,
+                stats,
+            ));
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "DynamicLevelSelector"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use itertools::Itertools;
+    use risingwave_common::constants::hummock::CompactionFilterFlag;
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::compaction_config::CompactionMode;
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::tests::{
+        assert_compaction_task, generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels, generate_level,
+        generate_tables, push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping,
+    };
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+        CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, LocalSelectorStatistic,
+    };
+    use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+    use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dynamic_level() {
+        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
+            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
+            .max_level(4)
+            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
+            .max_compaction_bytes(1)
+            .level0_tier_compact_file_number(2)
+            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
+            .build();
+        let selector = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(Arc::new(config));
+        let levels = vec![
+            generate_level(1, vec![]),
+            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..5, 0..1000, 3, 10)),
+            generate_level(3, generate_tables(5..10, 0..1000, 2, 50)),
+            generate_level(4, generate_tables(10..15, 0..1000, 1, 200)),
+        ];
+        let mut levels = Levels {
+            levels,
+            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(vec![])),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 2);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 100);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 200);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 1000);
+
+        levels.levels[3]
+            .table_infos
+            .append(&mut generate_tables(15..20, 2000..3000, 1, 400));
+        levels.levels[3].total_file_size = levels.levels[3]
+            .table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|sst| sst.file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+
+        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
+        // data size increase, so we need increase one level to place more data.
+        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
+
+        // append a large data to L0 but it does not change the base size of LSM tree.
+        push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(&mut levels, generate_tables(20..26, 0..1000, 1, 100));
+
+        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
+
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size = 0;
+        levels.levels[0].table_infos = generate_tables(26..32, 0..1000, 1, 100);
+        levels.levels[0].total_file_size = levels.levels[0]
+            .table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|sst| sst.file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+
+        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
+        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pick_compaction() {
+        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
+            .max_bytes_for_level_base(200)
+            .max_level(4)
+            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
+            .target_file_size_base(5)
+            .max_compaction_bytes(10000)
+            .level0_tier_compact_file_number(4)
+            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
+            .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count(1)
+            .build();
+        let group_config = CompactionGroup::new(1, config.clone());
+        let levels = vec![
+            generate_level(1, vec![]),
+            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..5, 0..1000, 3, 10)),
+            generate_level(3, generate_tables(5..10, 0..1000, 2, 50)),
+            generate_level(4, generate_tables(10..15, 0..1000, 1, 200)),
+        ];
+        let mut levels = Levels {
+            levels,
+            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(generate_tables(
+                15..25,
+                0..600,
+                3,
+                10,
+            ))),
+            member_table_ids: vec![1],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let mut selector = DynamicLevelSelector::default();
+        let mut levels_handlers = (0..5).map(LevelHandler::new).collect_vec();
+        let mut local_stats = LocalSelectorStatistic::default();
+        let compaction = selector
+            .pick_compaction(
+                1,
+                &group_config,
+                &levels,
+                &mut levels_handlers,
+                &mut local_stats,
+                HashMap::default(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
+
+        let compaction_filter_flag = CompactionFilterFlag::STATE_CLEAN | CompactionFilterFlag::TTL;
+        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::with_config(config)
+            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
+            .sub_level_max_compaction_bytes(50)
+            .target_file_size_base(20)
+            .compaction_filter_mask(compaction_filter_flag.into())
+            .build();
+        let group_config = CompactionGroup::new(1, config.clone());
+        let mut selector = DynamicLevelSelector::default();
+
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size = 0;
+        push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(&mut levels, generate_tables(15..25, 0..600, 3, 20));
+        let mut levels_handlers = (0..5).map(LevelHandler::new).collect_vec();
+        let compaction = selector
+            .pick_compaction(
+                1,
+                &group_config,
+                &levels,
+                &mut levels_handlers,
+                &mut local_stats,
+                HashMap::default(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
+        assert_eq!(compaction.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 0);
+        assert_eq!(compaction.input.target_level, 2);
+
+        levels_handlers[0].remove_task(1);
+        levels_handlers[2].remove_task(1);
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
+        levels.levels[1].table_infos = generate_tables(20..30, 0..1000, 3, 10);
+        let compaction = selector
+            .pick_compaction(
+                2,
+                &group_config,
+                &levels,
+                &mut levels_handlers,
+                &mut local_stats,
+                HashMap::default(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
+        assert_eq!(compaction.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 3);
+        assert_eq!(compaction.input.target_level, 4);
+        assert_eq!(
+            compaction.input.input_levels[0]
+                .table_infos
+                .iter()
+                .map(|sst| sst.get_sst_id())
+                .collect_vec(),
+            vec![5]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            compaction.input.input_levels[1]
+                .table_infos
+                .iter()
+                .map(|sst| sst.get_sst_id())
+                .collect_vec(),
+            vec![10]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            compaction.target_file_size,
+            config.target_file_size_base * 2
+        );
+        assert_eq!(compaction.compression_algorithm.as_str(), "Lz4",);
+        // no compaction need to be scheduled because we do not calculate the size of pending files
+        // to score.
+        let compaction = selector.pick_compaction(
+            2,
+            &group_config,
+            &levels,
+            &mut levels_handlers,
+            &mut local_stats,
+            HashMap::default(),
+        );
+        assert!(compaction.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_compact_pending_bytes() {
+        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
+            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
+            .max_level(4)
+            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
+            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
+            .build();
+        let levels = vec![
+            generate_level(1, vec![]),
+            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..50, 0..1000, 3, 500)),
+            generate_level(3, generate_tables(30..60, 0..1000, 2, 500)),
+            generate_level(4, generate_tables(60..70, 0..1000, 1, 1000)),
+        ];
+        let levels = Levels {
+            levels,
+            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(generate_tables(
+                15..25,
+                0..600,
+                3,
+                100,
+            ))),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(Arc::new(config));
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
+        assert_eq!(1, ctx.base_level);
+        assert_eq!(1000, levels.l0.as_ref().unwrap().total_file_size); // l0
+        assert_eq!(0, levels.levels.get(0).unwrap().total_file_size); // l1
+        assert_eq!(25000, levels.levels.get(1).unwrap().total_file_size); // l2
+        assert_eq!(15000, levels.levels.get(2).unwrap().total_file_size); // l3
+        assert_eq!(10000, levels.levels.get(3).unwrap().total_file_size); // l4
+
+        assert_eq!(100, ctx.level_max_bytes[1]); // l1
+        assert_eq!(500, ctx.level_max_bytes[2]); // l2
+        assert_eq!(2500, ctx.level_max_bytes[3]); // l3
+        assert_eq!(12500, ctx.level_max_bytes[4]); // l4
+
+        // l1 pending = (0 + 1000 - 100) * ((25000 / 1000) + 1) + 1000 = 24400
+        // l2 pending = (25000 + 900 - 500) * ((15000 / (25000 + 900)) + 1) = 40110
+        // l3 pending = (15000 + 25400 - 2500) * ((10000 / (15000 + 25400) + 1)) = 47281
+
+        let compact_pending_bytes = dynamic_level_core.compact_pending_bytes_needed(&levels);
+        assert_eq!(24400 + 40110 + 47281, compact_pending_bytes);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/manual_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/manual_selector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a00565a9807cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/manual_selector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//  limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StateTableId;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockCompactionTaskId, HummockSstableId};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::{compact_task, KeyRange};
+
+use super::{CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
+    CompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic, ManualCompactionPicker,
+};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_compaction_task, create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ManualCompactionOption {
+    /// Filters out SSTs to pick. Has no effect if empty.
+    pub sst_ids: Vec<HummockSstableId>,
+    /// Filters out SSTs to pick.
+    pub key_range: KeyRange,
+    /// Filters out SSTs to pick. Has no effect if empty.
+    pub internal_table_id: HashSet<StateTableId>,
+    /// Input level.
+    pub level: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for ManualCompactionOption {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sst_ids: vec![],
+            key_range: KeyRange {
+                left: vec![],
+                right: vec![],
+                right_exclusive: false,
+            },
+            internal_table_id: HashSet::default(),
+            level: 1,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ManualCompactionSelector {
+    option: ManualCompactionOption,
+}
+
+impl ManualCompactionSelector {
+    pub fn new(option: ManualCompactionOption) -> Self {
+        Self { option }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CompactionSelector for ManualCompactionSelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let overlap_strategy = create_overlap_strategy(group.compaction_config.compaction_mode());
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        let (mut picker, base_level) = {
+            let target_level = if self.option.level == 0 {
+                ctx.base_level
+            } else if self.option.level == group.compaction_config.max_level as usize {
+                self.option.level
+            } else {
+                self.option.level + 1
+            };
+            if self.option.level > 0 && self.option.level < ctx.base_level {
+                return None;
+            }
+            (
+                ManualCompactionPicker::new(overlap_strategy, self.option.clone(), target_level),
+                ctx.base_level,
+            )
+        };
+
+        let compaction_input =
+            picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut LocalPickerStatistic::default())?;
+        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+
+        Some(create_compaction_task(
+            group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
+            compaction_input,
+            base_level,
+            self.task_type(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "ManualCompactionSelector"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::Manual
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1bc49afc55653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//  limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+mod emergency_selector;
+mod level_selector;
+mod manual_selector;
+mod space_reclaim_selector;
+mod tombstone_compaction_selector;
+mod ttl_selector;
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub use emergency_selector::EmergencySelector;
+pub use level_selector::{DynamicLevelSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore};
+pub use manual_selector::{ManualCompactionOption, ManualCompactionSelector};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+pub use space_reclaim_selector::SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector;
+pub use tombstone_compaction_selector::TombstoneCompactionSelector;
+pub use ttl_selector::TtlCompactionSelector;
+
+use super::picker::LocalPickerStatistic;
+use super::{create_compaction_task, LevelCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::CompactionTask;
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+use crate::rpc::metrics::MetaMetrics;
+
+pub trait CompactionSelector: Sync + Send {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask>;
+
+    fn report_statistic_metrics(&self, _metrics: &MetaMetrics) {}
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str;
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType;
+}
+
+pub fn default_compaction_selector() -> Box<dyn CompactionSelector> {
+    Box::<DynamicLevelSelector>::default()
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct LocalSelectorStatistic {
+    skip_picker: Vec<(usize, usize, LocalPickerStatistic)>,
+}
+
+impl LocalSelectorStatistic {
+    pub fn report_to_metrics(&self, group_id: u64, metrics: &MetaMetrics) {
+        for (start_level, target_level, stats) in &self.skip_picker {
+            let level_label = format!("cg{}-{}-to-{}", group_id, start_level, target_level);
+            if stats.skip_by_write_amp_limit > 0 {
+                metrics
+                    .compact_skip_frequency
+                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "write-amp"])
+                    .inc();
+            }
+            if stats.skip_by_count_limit > 0 {
+                metrics
+                    .compact_skip_frequency
+                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "count"])
+                    .inc();
+            }
+            if stats.skip_by_pending_files > 0 {
+                metrics
+                    .compact_skip_frequency
+                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "pending-files"])
+                    .inc();
+            }
+            if stats.skip_by_overlapping > 0 {
+                metrics
+                    .compact_skip_frequency
+                    .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "overlapping"])
+                    .inc();
+            }
+            metrics
+                .compact_skip_frequency
+                .with_label_values(&[level_label.as_str(), "picker"])
+                .inc();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use std::ops::Range;
+
+    use itertools::Itertools;
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{KeyRange, Level, LevelType, OverlappingLevel, SstableInfo};
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::hummock::test_utils::iterator_test_key_of_epoch;
+
+    pub fn push_table_level0_overlapping(levels: &mut Levels, sst: SstableInfo) {
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size += sst.file_size;
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.push(Level {
+            level_idx: 0,
+            level_type: LevelType::Overlapping as i32,
+            total_file_size: sst.file_size,
+            uncompressed_file_size: sst.uncompressed_file_size,
+            sub_level_id: sst.get_sst_id(),
+            table_infos: vec![sst],
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_table_level0_nonoverlapping(levels: &mut Levels, sst: SstableInfo) {
+        push_table_level0_overlapping(levels, sst);
+        levels
+            .l0
+            .as_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .sub_levels
+            .last_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .level_type = LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32;
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(levels: &mut Levels, table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) {
+        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>();
+        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|table| table.uncompressed_file_size)
+            .sum();
+        let sub_level_id = table_infos[0].get_sst_id();
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size += total_file_size;
+        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.push(Level {
+            level_idx: 0,
+            level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
+            total_file_size,
+            sub_level_id,
+            table_infos,
+            uncompressed_file_size,
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_table(
+        id: u64,
+        table_prefix: u64,
+        left: usize,
+        right: usize,
+        epoch: u64,
+    ) -> SstableInfo {
+        SstableInfo {
+            object_id: id,
+            sst_id: id,
+            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, left, epoch),
+                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, right, epoch),
+                right_exclusive: false,
+            }),
+            file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
+            table_ids: vec![table_prefix as u32],
+            uncompressed_file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
+            total_key_count: (right - left + 1) as u64,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn generate_table_with_ids_and_epochs(
+        id: u64,
+        table_prefix: u64,
+        left: usize,
+        right: usize,
+        epoch: u64,
+        table_ids: Vec<u32>,
+        min_epoch: u64,
+        max_epoch: u64,
+    ) -> SstableInfo {
+        SstableInfo {
+            object_id: id,
+            sst_id: id,
+            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                left: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, left, epoch),
+                right: iterator_test_key_of_epoch(table_prefix, right, epoch),
+                right_exclusive: false,
+            }),
+            file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
+            table_ids,
+            uncompressed_file_size: (right - left + 1) as u64,
+            min_epoch,
+            max_epoch,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_tables(
+        ids: Range<u64>,
+        keys: Range<usize>,
+        epoch: u64,
+        file_size: u64,
+    ) -> Vec<SstableInfo> {
+        let step = (keys.end - keys.start) / (ids.end - ids.start) as usize;
+        let mut start = keys.start;
+        let mut tables = vec![];
+        for id in ids {
+            let mut table = generate_table(id, 1, start, start + step - 1, epoch);
+            table.file_size = file_size;
+            tables.push(table);
+            start += step;
+        }
+        tables
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_level(level_idx: u32, table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) -> Level {
+        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|sst| sst.file_size).sum();
+        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
+            .sum();
+        Level {
+            level_idx,
+            level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
+            table_infos,
+            total_file_size,
+            sub_level_id: 0,
+            uncompressed_file_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `OverlappingLevel`, with each `table_infos`'s element placed in a nonoverlapping
+    /// sub-level.
+    pub fn generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>) -> OverlappingLevel {
+        let total_file_size = table_infos.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>();
+        let uncompressed_file_size = table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|table| table.uncompressed_file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+        OverlappingLevel {
+            sub_levels: table_infos
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
+                    level_idx: 0,
+                    level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
+                    total_file_size: table.file_size,
+                    uncompressed_file_size: table.uncompressed_file_size,
+                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
+                    table_infos: vec![table],
+                })
+                .collect_vec(),
+            total_file_size,
+            uncompressed_file_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_l0_nonoverlapping_multi_sublevels(
+        table_infos: Vec<Vec<SstableInfo>>,
+    ) -> OverlappingLevel {
+        let mut l0 = OverlappingLevel {
+            sub_levels: table_infos
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
+                    level_idx: 0,
+                    level_type: LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32,
+                    total_file_size: table.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>(),
+                    uncompressed_file_size: table
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
+                        .sum::<u64>(),
+                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
+                    table_infos: table,
+                })
+                .collect_vec(),
+            total_file_size: 0,
+            uncompressed_file_size: 0,
+        };
+
+        l0.total_file_size = l0.sub_levels.iter().map(|l| l.total_file_size).sum::<u64>();
+        l0.uncompressed_file_size = l0
+            .sub_levels
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| l.uncompressed_file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+        l0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `OverlappingLevel`, with each `table_infos`'s element placed in a overlapping
+    /// sub-level.
+    pub fn generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels(
+        table_infos: Vec<Vec<SstableInfo>>,
+    ) -> OverlappingLevel {
+        let mut l0 = OverlappingLevel {
+            sub_levels: table_infos
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(idx, table)| Level {
+                    level_idx: 0,
+                    level_type: LevelType::Overlapping as i32,
+                    total_file_size: table.iter().map(|table| table.file_size).sum::<u64>(),
+                    sub_level_id: idx as u64,
+                    table_infos: table.clone(),
+                    uncompressed_file_size: table
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|sst| sst.uncompressed_file_size)
+                        .sum::<u64>(),
+                })
+                .collect_vec(),
+            total_file_size: 0,
+            uncompressed_file_size: 0,
+        };
+        l0.total_file_size = l0.sub_levels.iter().map(|l| l.total_file_size).sum::<u64>();
+        l0.uncompressed_file_size = l0
+            .sub_levels
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| l.uncompressed_file_size)
+            .sum::<u64>();
+        l0
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn assert_compaction_task(
+        compact_task: &CompactionTask,
+        level_handlers: &[LevelHandler],
+    ) {
+        for i in &compact_task.input.input_levels {
+            for t in &i.table_infos {
+                assert!(level_handlers[i.level_idx as usize].is_pending_compact(&t.sst_id));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/space_reclaim_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/space_reclaim_selector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..48941a4273d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/space_reclaim_selector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//  limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+
+use super::{CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker, SpaceReclaimPickerState};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_compaction_task, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector {
+    state: HashMap<u64, SpaceReclaimPickerState>,
+}
+
+impl CompactionSelector for SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let mut picker = SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
+            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
+            levels.member_table_ids.iter().cloned().collect(),
+        );
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        let state = self.state.entry(group.group_id).or_default();
+
+        let compaction_input = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, state)?;
+        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+
+        Some(create_compaction_task(
+            dynamic_level_core.get_config(),
+            compaction_input,
+            ctx.base_level,
+            self.task_type(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "SpaceReclaimCompaction"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
rename to src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
index f6a26dcc13013..49b333403e8ab 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
 
+use super::{CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore};
 use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
     TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker, TombstoneReclaimPickerState,
 };
 use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    create_compaction_task, create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask, DynamicLevelSelectorCore,
-    LevelSelector, LocalSelectorStatistic,
+    create_compaction_task, create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic,
 };
 use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub struct TombstoneCompactionSelector {
     state: HashMap<u64, TombstoneReclaimPickerState>,
 }
 
-impl LevelSelector for TombstoneCompactionSelector {
+impl CompactionSelector for TombstoneCompactionSelector {
     fn pick_compaction(
         &mut self,
         task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..920bf36883d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//  limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
+
+use super::{CompactionSelector, DynamicLevelSelectorCore};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{TtlPickerState, TtlReclaimCompactionPicker};
+use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_compaction_task, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic};
+use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
+use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct TtlCompactionSelector {
+    state: HashMap<u64, TtlPickerState>,
+}
+
+impl CompactionSelector for TtlCompactionSelector {
+    fn pick_compaction(
+        &mut self,
+        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
+        group: &CompactionGroup,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
+        _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
+        table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
+    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
+        let picker = TtlReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
+            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
+            table_id_to_options,
+        );
+        let state = self.state.entry(group.group_id).or_default();
+        let compaction_input = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, state)?;
+        compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
+
+        Some(create_compaction_task(
+            group.compaction_config.as_ref(),
+            compaction_input,
+            ctx.base_level,
+            self.task_type(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "TtlCompaction"
+    }
+
+    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
+        compact_task::TaskType::Ttl
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compactor_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compactor_manager.rs
index c6dd5e2f82387..c3e62d98a190f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compactor_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compactor_manager.rs
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::StaticCompactionGroupId;
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::CompactTaskProgress;
 
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::default_level_selector;
+    use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::default_compaction_selector;
     use crate::hummock::test_utils::{
         add_ssts, register_table_ids_to_compaction_group, setup_compute_env,
     };
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ mod tests {
             hummock_manager
                 .get_compact_task(
                     StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                    &mut default_level_selector(),
+                    &mut default_compaction_selector(),
                 )
                 .await
                 .unwrap()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 5effaee29077b..26a27674140c6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -65,9 +65,11 @@ use tokio_stream::wrappers::IntervalStream;
 use tonic::Streaming;
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    CompactStatus, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption, TombstoneCompactionSelector,
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+    DynamicLevelSelector, LocalSelectorStatistic, ManualCompactionOption, ManualCompactionSelector,
+    SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TombstoneCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
 };
+use crate::hummock::compaction::CompactStatus;
 use crate::hummock::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::hummock::metrics_utils::{
     trigger_delta_log_stats, trigger_lsm_stat, trigger_mv_stat, trigger_pin_unpin_snapshot_state,
@@ -224,10 +226,6 @@ macro_rules! start_measure_real_process_timer {
 }
 pub(crate) use start_measure_real_process_timer;
 
-use super::compaction::{
-    DynamicLevelSelector, EmergencySelector, LevelSelector, ManualCompactionSelector,
-    SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector, TtlCompactionSelector,
-};
 use crate::hummock::manager::compaction_group_manager::CompactionGroupManager;
 use crate::hummock::manager::worker::HummockManagerEventSender;
 
@@ -776,7 +774,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
     pub async fn get_compact_task_impl(
         &self,
         compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
-        selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector>,
+        selector: &mut Box<dyn CompactionSelector>,
     ) -> Result<Option<CompactTask>> {
         // TODO: `get_all_table_options` will hold catalog_manager async lock, to avoid holding the
         // lock in compaction_guard, take out all table_options in advance there may be a
@@ -1078,7 +1076,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
     pub async fn get_compact_task(
         &self,
         compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
-        selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector>,
+        selector: &mut Box<dyn CompactionSelector>,
     ) -> Result<Option<CompactTask>> {
         fail_point!("fp_get_compact_task", |_| Err(Error::MetaStore(
             anyhow::anyhow!("failpoint metastore error")
@@ -1105,7 +1103,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
         manual_compaction_option: ManualCompactionOption,
     ) -> Result<Option<CompactTask>> {
-        let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> =
+        let mut selector: Box<dyn CompactionSelector> =
             Box::new(ManualCompactionSelector::new(manual_compaction_option));
         self.get_compact_task(compaction_group_id, &mut selector)
             .await
@@ -2618,7 +2616,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                 assert_ne!(0, pull_task_count);
                                 if let Some(compactor) = hummock_manager.compactor_manager.get_compactor(context_id) {
                                     if let Some((group, task_type)) = hummock_manager.auto_pick_compaction_group_and_type().await {
-                                        let selector: &mut Box<dyn LevelSelector> = {
+                                        let selector: &mut Box<dyn CompactionSelector> = {
                                             let versioning_guard = read_lock!(hummock_manager, versioning).await;
                                             let versioning = versioning_guard.deref();
 
@@ -2945,8 +2943,8 @@ async fn write_exclusive_cluster_id(
     }
 }
 
-fn init_selectors() -> HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn LevelSelector>> {
-    let mut compaction_selectors: HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn LevelSelector>> =
+fn init_selectors() -> HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn CompactionSelector>> {
+    let mut compaction_selectors: HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn CompactionSelector>> =
         HashMap::default();
     compaction_selectors.insert(
         compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic,
@@ -2974,6 +2972,9 @@ fn init_selectors() -> HashMap<compact_task::TaskType, Box<dyn LevelSelector>> {
 type CompactionRequestChannelItem = (CompactionGroupId, compact_task::TaskType);
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::error::SendError;
 
+use super::compaction::selector::EmergencySelector;
+use super::compaction::CompactionSelector;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct CompactionState {
     scheduled: Mutex<HashSet<(CompactionGroupId, compact_task::TaskType)>>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
index 44c90c7855ec9..4d5de0cc19011 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/tests.rs
@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
 use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property;
 
 use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    default_level_selector, CompactStatus, LevelSelector, ManualCompactionOption,
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+    default_compaction_selector, CompactionSelector, ManualCompactionOption,
     SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector,
 };
+use crate::hummock::compaction::CompactStatus;
 use crate::hummock::error::Error;
 use crate::hummock::test_utils::*;
 use crate::hummock::{HummockManager, HummockManagerRef};
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
     assert!(hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -730,7 +731,7 @@ async fn test_print_compact_task() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -877,7 +878,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     assert!(hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -950,7 +951,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -997,7 +998,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat_removal_on_node_removal() {
     assert!(hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -1028,7 +1029,7 @@ async fn test_hummock_compaction_task_heartbeat_removal_on_node_removal() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -1194,7 +1195,7 @@ async fn test_version_stats() {
     let compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(
             StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-            &mut default_level_selector(),
+            &mut default_compaction_selector(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap()
@@ -1633,7 +1634,7 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_trivial_expired() {
         .await
         .unwrap();
     let task = hummock_manager
-        .get_compact_task(2, &mut default_level_selector())
+        .get_compact_task(2, &mut default_compaction_selector())
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
@@ -1642,8 +1643,8 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_trivial_expired() {
         .split_compaction_group(2, &[100])
         .await
         .unwrap();
-
-    let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> = Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
+    let mut selector: Box<dyn CompactionSelector> =
+        Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
     let reclaim_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task_impl(2, &mut selector)
         .await
@@ -1669,7 +1670,7 @@ async fn test_split_compaction_group_trivial_expired() {
     );
 
     let task2 = hummock_manager
-        .get_compact_task(new_group_id, &mut default_level_selector())
+        .get_compact_task(new_group_id, &mut default_compaction_selector())
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
@@ -2031,7 +2032,8 @@ async fn test_move_tables_between_compaction_group() {
     let groups = info.keys().sorted().cloned().collect_vec();
     assert_eq!(groups, vec![2, new_group_id]);
 
-    let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> = Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
+    let mut selector: Box<dyn CompactionSelector> =
+        Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default();
 
     let compaction_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(2, &mut selector)
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
index 9917d559a0709..6818b7f68570e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/metrics_utils.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     HummockVersionCheckpoint, HummockVersionStats, LevelType,
 };
 
-use super::compaction::{get_compression_algorithm, DynamicLevelSelectorCore};
+use super::compaction::get_compression_algorithm;
+use super::compaction::selector::DynamicLevelSelectorCore;
 use crate::hummock::compaction::CompactStatus;
 use crate::rpc::metrics::MetaMetrics;
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
index 915beee8e3a3f..063556ace1839 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedSender};
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
 
-use crate::hummock::compaction::{
-    default_level_selector, LevelSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector,
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+    default_compaction_selector, CompactionSelector, SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector,
 };
 use crate::hummock::HummockManager;
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl MockHummockMetaClient {
         self.hummock_manager
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap_or(None)
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ impl HummockMetaClient for MockHummockMetaClient {
 
                 let (group, task_type) = group_and_type.unwrap();
 
-                let mut selector: Box<dyn LevelSelector> = match task_type {
-                    compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic => default_level_selector(),
+                let mut selector: Box<dyn CompactionSelector> = match task_type {
+                    compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic => default_compaction_selector(),
                     compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim => {
                         Box::<SpaceReclaimCompactionSelector>::default()
                     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
index 70c055d387c85..3d42442ae7c67 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/test_utils.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property;
 
 use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
 #[cfg(test)]
-use crate::hummock::compaction::default_level_selector;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::default_compaction_selector;
 use crate::hummock::{CompactorManager, HummockManager, HummockManagerRef};
 use crate::manager::{
     ClusterManager, ClusterManagerRef, FragmentManager, MetaSrvEnv, META_NODE_ID,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub async fn add_test_tables(
         StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
     )
     .await;
-    let mut selector = default_level_selector();
+    let mut selector = default_compaction_selector();
     let mut compact_task = hummock_manager
         .get_compact_task(StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(), &mut selector)
         .await
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
index f670c9cb220a5..3ae90421d2d87 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::version_update_payload::Payload;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::*;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status, Streaming};
 
-use crate::hummock::compaction::ManualCompactionOption;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::ManualCompactionOption;
 use crate::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, VacuumManagerRef};
 use crate::manager::FragmentManagerRef;
 use crate::rpc::service::RwReceiverStream;
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
index c90a99f59e03c..50d739c5d1eb9 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/compactor_tests.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::prost_key_range::KeyRangeExt;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::to_prost_table_stats_map;
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::{default_level_selector, ManualCompactionOption};
+    use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::selector::{
+        default_compaction_selector, ManualCompactionOption,
+    };
     use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::{
         register_table_ids_to_compaction_group, setup_compute_env, setup_compute_env_with_config,
         unregister_table_ids_from_compaction_group,
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         while let Some(mut compact_task) = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap()
@@ -436,7 +438,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         while let Some(compact_task) = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap()
@@ -634,7 +636,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let compact_task = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -819,7 +821,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let compact_task = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -1015,7 +1017,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let compact_task = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -1207,7 +1209,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let compact_task = hummock_manager_ref
             .get_compact_task(
                 StaticCompactionGroupId::StateDefault.into(),
-                &mut default_level_selector(),
+                &mut default_compaction_selector(),
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
index 2b16383fedbc3..1b7d6d80029a5 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/sync_point_tests.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, user_key};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::to_prost_table_stats_map;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockVersionId;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::ManualCompactionOption;
+use risingwave_meta::hummock::compaction::selector::ManualCompactionOption;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::{setup_compute_env, setup_compute_env_with_config};
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, MockHummockMetaClient};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;

From 77af093c60f28e8859af0d4365ba37789c71db5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:27:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 178/430] feat(frontend): add rw_catalog.rw_hummock_sstables
 (#12532)

---
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs         |  1 +
 .../rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs          | 80 ++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
index 185f8017311c2..cf5752d3f0bdd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ prepare_sys_catalog! {
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_PINNED_SNAPSHOTS), read_hummock_pinned_snapshots await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_CURRENT_VERSION), read_hummock_current_version await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION), read_hummock_checkpoint_version await },
+    { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_SSTABLES), read_hummock_sstables await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_VERSION_DELTAS), read_hummock_version_deltas await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_BRANCHED_OBJECTS), read_hummock_branched_objects await },
     { BuiltinCatalog::Table(&RW_HUMMOCK_COMPACTION_GROUP_CONFIGS), read_hummock_compaction_group_configs await },
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
index f8096b6c3ccbf..97269341d59f3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_hummock_version.rs
@@ -45,15 +45,51 @@ pub const RW_HUMMOCK_CHECKPOINT_VERSION: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
     pk: &[],
 };
 
+pub const RW_HUMMOCK_SSTABLES: BuiltinTable = BuiltinTable {
+    name: "rw_hummock_sstables",
+    schema: RW_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME,
+    columns: &[
+        (DataType::Int64, "sstable_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "object_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "compaction_group_id"),
+        (DataType::Int32, "level_id"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "sub_level_id"),
+        (DataType::Int32, "level_type"),
+        (DataType::Bytea, "key_range_left"),
+        (DataType::Bytea, "key_range_right"),
+        (DataType::Boolean, "right_exclusive"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "file_size"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "meta_offset"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "stale_key_count"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "total_key_count"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "min_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "max_epoch"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "uncompressed_file_size"),
+        (DataType::Int64, "range_tombstone_count"),
+        (DataType::Int32, "bloom_filter_kind"),
+        (DataType::Jsonb, "table_ids"),
+    ],
+    pk: &[0],
+};
+
 impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
     pub async fn read_hummock_current_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
         let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_current_version().await?;
-        Ok(version_to_rows(&remove_key_range_from_version(version)))
+        Ok(version_to_compaction_group_rows(
+            &remove_key_range_from_version(version),
+        ))
     }
 
     pub async fn read_hummock_checkpoint_version(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
         let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_checkpoint_version().await?;
-        Ok(version_to_rows(&remove_key_range_from_version(version)))
+        Ok(version_to_compaction_group_rows(
+            &remove_key_range_from_version(version),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn read_hummock_sstables(&self) -> Result<Vec<OwnedRow>> {
+        let version = self.meta_client.get_hummock_current_version().await?;
+        Ok(version_to_sstable_rows(version))
     }
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +109,7 @@ fn remove_key_range_from_version(mut version: HummockVersion) -> HummockVersion
     version
 }
 
-fn version_to_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
+fn version_to_compaction_group_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
     version
         .levels
         .values()
@@ -87,3 +123,41 @@ fn version_to_rows(version: &HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
         })
         .collect()
 }
+
+fn version_to_sstable_rows(version: HummockVersion) -> Vec<OwnedRow> {
+    let mut sstables = vec![];
+    for cg in version.levels.into_values() {
+        for level in cg.levels.into_iter().chain(cg.l0.unwrap().sub_levels) {
+            for sst in level.table_infos {
+                let key_range = sst.key_range.unwrap();
+                let sub_level_id = if level.level_idx > 0 {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(level.sub_level_id as _))
+                };
+                sstables.push(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.sst_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.object_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(cg.group_id as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(level.level_idx as _)),
+                    sub_level_id,
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(level.level_type as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bytea(key_range.left.into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bytea(key_range.right.into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(key_range.right_exclusive)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.file_size as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.meta_offset as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.stale_key_count as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.total_key_count as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.min_epoch as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.max_epoch as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.uncompressed_file_size as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(sst.range_tombstone_count as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(sst.bloom_filter_kind as _)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Jsonb(json!(sst.table_ids).into())),
+                ]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    sstables
+}

From fd7e485a9af902c3b18f49e76e87445bdd79f447 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:58:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 179/430] chore: bump risingwave version in docker compose to
 1.2.0 (#12530)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 docker/docker-compose.yml | 8 ++++----
 docs/memory-profiling.md  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yml b/docker/docker-compose.yml
index c7f2db4cb737d..328ebe9b7bacb 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   compute-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
     command:
       - compute-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   frontend-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
     command:
       - frontend-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   meta-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
     command:
       - meta-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   connector-node:
-    image: ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}
+    image: ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}
     entrypoint: "/risingwave/bin/connector-node/start-service.sh"
     ports:
       - 50051
diff --git a/docs/memory-profiling.md b/docs/memory-profiling.md
index fec324770f0c8..759807ba1e9ed 100644
--- a/docs/memory-profiling.md
+++ b/docs/memory-profiling.md
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ cp ./target/release/examples/addr2line <your-path>
 Find a Linux machine and use `docker` command to start an environment with the specific RisingWave version. Here, `-v $(pwd):/dumps` mounts current directory to `/dumps` folder inside the container, so that you don't need to copy the files in and out.
 
 ```bash
-docker run -it --rm --entrypoint /bin/bash -v $(pwd):/dumps  ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:v1.0.0
+docker run -it --rm --entrypoint /bin/bash -v $(pwd):/dumps  ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:latest
 ```
 
 </details>

From 7e700e700f19891fd588082e612e8c58d55c41ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 15:04:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 180/430] refactor(sink): decouple sink formatter and payload
 writer (#12515)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs               |  26 +--
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs        |  23 +--
 .../src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs       |  51 +++---
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       |  71 +++++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               | 166 +++++-------------
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  96 +++-------
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs                |   5 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              |  85 ++++-----
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              |   7 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs               |  30 +---
 11 files changed, 248 insertions(+), 314 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
index c19365fcc51c4..82e6454663f48 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 
 use super::doris_connector::{DorisField, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_DELETE_SIGN};
-use super::utils::doris_rows_to_json;
 use super::{SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
 use crate::common::DorisCommon;
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 
 pub const DORIS_SINK: &str = "doris";
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub struct DorisSinkWriter {
     client: DorisInsertClient,
     is_append_only: bool,
     insert: Option<DorisInsert>,
-    decimal_map: HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
+    row_encoder: JsonEncoder,
 }
 
 impl DorisSinkWriter {
@@ -232,12 +232,17 @@ impl DorisSinkWriter {
         let insert = Some(doris_insert_client.build().await?);
         Ok(Self {
             config,
-            schema,
+            schema: schema.clone(),
             pk_indices,
             client: doris_insert_client,
             is_append_only,
             insert,
-            decimal_map,
+            row_encoder: JsonEncoder::new_with_doris(
+                schema,
+                None,
+                TimestampHandlingMode::String,
+                decimal_map,
+            ),
         })
     }
 
@@ -246,9 +251,7 @@ impl DorisSinkWriter {
             if op != Op::Insert {
                 continue;
             }
-            let row_json_string =
-                Value::Object(doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?)
-                    .to_string();
+            let row_json_string = Value::Object(self.row_encoder.encode(row)?).to_string();
             self.insert
                 .as_mut()
                 .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Doris("Can't find doris sink insert".to_string()))?
@@ -262,8 +265,7 @@ impl DorisSinkWriter {
         for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
             match op {
                 Op::Insert => {
-                    let mut row_json_value =
-                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    let mut row_json_value = self.row_encoder.encode(row)?;
                     row_json_value.insert(
                         DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
                         Value::String("0".to_string()),
@@ -279,8 +281,7 @@ impl DorisSinkWriter {
                         .await?;
                 }
                 Op::Delete => {
-                    let mut row_json_value =
-                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    let mut row_json_value = self.row_encoder.encode(row)?;
                     row_json_value.insert(
                         DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
                         Value::String("1".to_string()),
@@ -297,8 +298,7 @@ impl DorisSinkWriter {
                 }
                 Op::UpdateDelete => {}
                 Op::UpdateInsert => {
-                    let mut row_json_value =
-                        doris_rows_to_json(row, &self.schema, &self.decimal_map)?;
+                    let mut row_json_value = self.row_encoder.encode(row)?;
                     row_json_value.insert(
                         DORIS_DELETE_SIGN.to_string(),
                         Value::String("0".to_string()),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
index 9264df0d12a97..6add09b2cb86e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
@@ -27,17 +27,18 @@ use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
 
 use super::{CustomJsonType, Result, RowEncoder, SerTo, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
-pub struct JsonEncoder<'a> {
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+
+pub struct JsonEncoder {
+    schema: Schema,
+    col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
     timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
     custom_json_type: CustomJsonType,
 }
 
-impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
+impl JsonEncoder {
     pub fn new(
-        schema: &'a Schema,
-        col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+        schema: Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
         timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn new_with_doris(
-        schema: &'a Schema,
-        col_indices: Option<&'a [usize]>,
+        schema: Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
         timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
         map: HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -63,15 +64,15 @@ impl<'a> JsonEncoder<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> RowEncoder for JsonEncoder<'a> {
+impl RowEncoder for JsonEncoder {
     type Output = Map<String, Value>;
 
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        self.schema
+        &self.schema
     }
 
     fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
-        self.col_indices
+        self.col_indices.as_ref().map(Vec::as_ref)
     }
 
     fn encode_cols(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
index f5b48e836c64d..f002d17e75dfe 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
 use risingwave_common::array::Op;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
@@ -39,36 +41,43 @@ fn concat_debezium_name_field(db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &str, value: &str)
     DEBEZIUM_NAME_FIELD_PREFIX.to_owned() + "." + db_name + "." + sink_from_name + "." + value
 }
 
-pub struct DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    pk_indices: &'a [usize],
-    db_name: &'a str,
-    sink_from_name: &'a str,
+pub struct DebeziumJsonFormatter {
+    schema: Schema,
+    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    db_name: String,
+    sink_from_name: String,
     opts: DebeziumAdapterOpts,
-    ts_ms: u64,
+    key_encoder: JsonEncoder,
+    val_encoder: JsonEncoder,
 }
 
-impl<'a> DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
+impl DebeziumJsonFormatter {
     pub fn new(
-        schema: &'a Schema,
-        pk_indices: &'a [usize],
-        db_name: &'a str,
-        sink_from_name: &'a str,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        db_name: String,
+        sink_from_name: String,
         opts: DebeziumAdapterOpts,
-        ts_ms: u64,
     ) -> Self {
+        let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            Some(pk_indices.clone()),
+            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+        );
+        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema.clone(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
         Self {
             schema,
             pk_indices,
             db_name,
             sink_from_name,
             opts,
-            ts_ms,
+            key_encoder,
+            val_encoder,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
+impl SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter {
     type K = Value;
     type V = Value;
 
@@ -83,8 +92,13 @@ impl<'a> SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
                 db_name,
                 sink_from_name,
                 opts,
-                ts_ms,
+                key_encoder,
+                val_encoder,
             } = self;
+            let ts_ms = SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_millis() as u64;
             let source_field = json!({
                 "db": db_name,
                 "table": sink_from_name,
@@ -92,10 +106,6 @@ impl<'a> SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter<'a> {
 
             let mut update_cache: Option<Map<String, Value>> = None;
 
-            let key_encoder =
-                JsonEncoder::new(schema, Some(pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
             for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
                 let event_key_object: Option<Value> = Some(json!({
                     "schema": json!({
@@ -338,7 +348,8 @@ mod tests {
             },
         ]);
 
-        let json_chunk = chunk_to_json(chunk, &schema).unwrap();
+        let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema.clone(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        let json_chunk = chunk_to_json(chunk, &encoder).unwrap();
         let schema_json = schema_to_json(&schema, "test_db", "test_table");
         assert_eq!(schema_json, serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"before\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"after\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"source\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"db\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"table\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Source\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"op\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"ts_ms\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"int64\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Envelope\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"}").unwrap());
         assert_eq!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 585752b03327c..89e8369d93819 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 
-use crate::sink::Result;
+use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
 
 mod append_only;
 mod debezium_json;
@@ -22,8 +23,11 @@ mod upsert;
 
 pub use append_only::AppendOnlyFormatter;
 pub use debezium_json::{DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
 /// for example append-only, upsert or debezium.
 pub trait SinkFormatter {
@@ -50,3 +54,68 @@ macro_rules! tri {
         }
     };
 }
+
+#[expect(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+pub enum SinkFormatterImpl {
+    AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter<JsonEncoder, JsonEncoder>),
+    UpsertJson(UpsertFormatter<JsonEncoder, JsonEncoder>),
+    DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter),
+}
+
+impl SinkFormatterImpl {
+    pub fn new(
+        formatter_type: &str,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+        db_name: String,
+        sink_from_name: String,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        if is_append_only {
+            let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                schema.clone(),
+                Some(pk_indices),
+                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+            );
+            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+            let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(formatter))
+        } else if formatter_type == SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM {
+            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
+                schema,
+                pk_indices,
+                db_name,
+                sink_from_name,
+                DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
+            )))
+        } else if formatter_type == SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
+            let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                schema.clone(),
+                Some(pk_indices),
+                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+            );
+            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+            // Initialize the upsert_stream
+            let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(formatter))
+        } else {
+            Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "unsupported upsert sink type {}",
+                formatter_type
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_sink_formatter_impl {
+    ($impl:expr, $name:ident, $body:expr) => {
+        match $impl {
+            SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson($name) => $body,
+            SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson($name) => $body,
+            SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson($name) => $body,
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 4ae886d15ce0c..85894792cd7ee 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
@@ -31,15 +31,12 @@ use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
 
-use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use super::formatter::{
-    AppendOnlyFormatter, DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter, UpsertFormatter,
-};
 use super::{
     FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
     SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
+use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
 };
@@ -47,6 +44,7 @@ use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplitEnumerator, PrivateLinkPro
 use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator};
 use crate::{
     deserialize_bool_from_string, deserialize_duration_from_string, deserialize_u32_from_string,
+    dispatch_sink_formatter_impl,
 };
 
 pub const KAFKA_SINK: &str = "kafka";
@@ -301,16 +299,18 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = SinkWriterV1Adapter<KafkaSinkWriter>;
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
         Ok(SinkWriterV1Adapter::new(
             KafkaSinkWriter::new(
                 self.config.clone(),
-                self.schema.clone(),
-                self.pk_indices.clone(),
-                self.is_append_only,
-                self.db_name.clone(),
-                self.sink_from_name.clone(),
-                format!("sink-{:?}", writer_param.executor_id),
+                SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+                    &self.config.r#type,
+                    self.schema.clone(),
+                    self.pk_indices.clone(),
+                    self.is_append_only,
+                    self.db_name.clone(),
+                    self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+                )?,
             )
             .await?,
         ))
@@ -338,41 +338,25 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner)]
-enum KafkaSinkState {
-    Init,
-    // State running with epoch.
-    Running(u64),
-}
-
 /// The delivery buffer queue size
 /// When the `DeliveryFuture` the current `future_delivery_buffer`
 /// is buffering is greater than this size, then enforcing commit once
 const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 65536;
 
+struct KafkaPayloadWriter {
+    inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
+    future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque<DeliveryFuture>,
+    config: KafkaConfig,
+}
+
 pub struct KafkaSinkWriter {
     pub config: KafkaConfig,
-    pub inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
-    identifier: String,
-    state: KafkaSinkState,
-    schema: Schema,
-    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-    is_append_only: bool,
-    future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque<DeliveryFuture>,
-    db_name: String,
-    sink_from_name: String,
+    payload_writer: KafkaPayloadWriter,
+    formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
 }
 
 impl KafkaSinkWriter {
-    pub async fn new(
-        mut config: KafkaConfig,
-        schema: Schema,
-        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
-        db_name: String,
-        sink_from_name: String,
-        identifier: String,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn new(mut config: KafkaConfig, formatter: SinkFormatterImpl) -> Result<Self> {
         let inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext> = {
             let mut c = ClientConfig::new();
 
@@ -400,18 +384,17 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
 
         Ok(KafkaSinkWriter {
             config: config.clone(),
-            inner,
-            identifier,
-            state: KafkaSinkState::Init,
-            schema,
-            pk_indices,
-            is_append_only,
-            future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
-            db_name,
-            sink_from_name,
+            payload_writer: KafkaPayloadWriter {
+                inner,
+                future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
+                config,
+            },
+            formatter,
         })
     }
+}
 
+impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
     /// The actual `send_result` function, will be called when the `KafkaSinkWriter` needs to sink
     /// messages
     async fn send_result<'a, K, P>(
@@ -537,57 +520,9 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    async fn debezium_update(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
-        let schema = self.schema.clone();
-        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
-        let db_name = self.db_name.clone();
-        let sink_from_name = self.sink_from_name.clone();
-
-        // Initialize the dbz_stream
-        let f = DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
-            &schema,
-            &pk_indices,
-            &db_name,
-            &sink_from_name,
-            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
-            ts_ms,
-        );
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
-    async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
-        let schema = self.schema.clone();
-        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
-        let key_encoder =
-            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-        // Initialize the upsert_stream
-        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
-    async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
-        let schema = self.schema.clone();
-        let pk_indices = self.pk_indices.clone();
-        let key_encoder =
-            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&pk_indices), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-        // Initialize the append_only_stream
-        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
 }
 
-impl FormattedSink for KafkaSinkWriter {
+impl FormattedSink for KafkaPayloadWriter {
     type K = Vec<u8>;
     type V = Vec<u8>;
 
@@ -599,25 +534,9 @@ impl FormattedSink for KafkaSinkWriter {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SinkWriterV1 for KafkaSinkWriter {
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_append_only {
-            // Append-only
-            self.append_only(chunk).await
-        } else {
-            // Debezium
-            if self.config.r#type == SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM {
-                self.debezium_update(
-                    chunk,
-                    SystemTime::now()
-                        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .as_millis() as u64,
-                )
-                .await
-            } else {
-                // Upsert
-                self.upsert(chunk).await
-            }
-        }
+        dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
+            self.payload_writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await
+        })
     }
 
     /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -632,7 +551,7 @@ impl SinkWriterV1 for KafkaSinkWriter {
 
     async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         // Group delivery (await the `FutureRecord`) here
-        self.commit_inner().await?;
+        self.payload_writer.commit_inner().await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -648,6 +567,8 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
     use super::*;
+    use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+    use crate::sink::formatter::AppendOnlyFormatter;
 
     #[test]
     fn parse_rdkafka_props() {
@@ -822,12 +743,14 @@ mod test {
         // Create the actual sink writer to Kafka
         let mut sink = KafkaSinkWriter::new(
             kafka_config.clone(),
-            schema,
-            pk_indices,
-            true,
-            "test_sink_1".to_string(),
-            "test_db".into(),
-            "test_table".into(),
+            SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(
+                JsonEncoder::new(
+                    schema.clone(),
+                    Some(pk_indices),
+                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                ),
+                JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli),
+            )),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -838,6 +761,7 @@ mod test {
             println!("epoch: {}", i);
             for j in 0..100 {
                 match sink
+                    .payload_writer
                     .send_result(
                         FutureRecord::to(kafka_config.common.topic.as_str())
                             .payload(format!("value-{}", j).as_bytes())
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 7c43abcbe82a7..114070ca1e440 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::error::DisplayErrorContext;
@@ -27,12 +26,10 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
-use super::formatter::{
-    AppendOnlyFormatter, DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter, UpsertFormatter,
-};
 use super::{FormattedSink, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
-use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
+use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
     SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
@@ -134,15 +131,15 @@ impl KinesisSinkConfig {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct KinesisSinkWriter {
     pub config: KinesisSinkConfig,
-    schema: Schema,
-    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
+    payload_writer: KinesisSinkPayloadWriter,
+}
+
+struct KinesisSinkPayloadWriter {
     client: KinesisClient,
-    is_append_only: bool,
-    db_name: String,
-    sink_from_name: String,
+    config: KinesisSinkConfig,
 }
 
 impl KinesisSinkWriter {
@@ -154,22 +151,27 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &config.r#type,
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            is_append_only,
+            db_name,
+            sink_from_name,
+        )?;
         let client = config
             .common
             .build_client()
             .await
             .map_err(SinkError::Kinesis)?;
         Ok(Self {
-            config,
-            schema,
-            pk_indices,
-            client,
-            is_append_only,
-            db_name,
-            sink_from_name,
+            config: config.clone(),
+            formatter,
+            payload_writer: KinesisSinkPayloadWriter { client, config },
         })
     }
-
+}
+impl KinesisSinkPayloadWriter {
     async fn put_record(&self, key: &str, payload: Vec<u8>) -> Result<PutRecordOutput> {
         let payload = Blob::new(payload);
         // todo: switch to put_records() for batching
@@ -199,44 +201,9 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
             ))
         })
     }
-
-    async fn upsert(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-            &self.schema,
-            Some(&self.pk_indices),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-        );
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
-    async fn append_only(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-            &self.schema,
-            Some(&self.pk_indices),
-            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-        );
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
-    async fn debezium_update(mut self: &Self, chunk: StreamChunk, ts_ms: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let f = DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
-            &self.schema,
-            &self.pk_indices,
-            &self.db_name,
-            &self.sink_from_name,
-            DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
-            ts_ms,
-        );
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
 }
 
-impl FormattedSink for &KinesisSinkWriter {
+impl FormattedSink for KinesisSinkPayloadWriter {
     type K = String;
     type V = Vec<u8>;
 
@@ -250,22 +217,9 @@ impl FormattedSink for &KinesisSinkWriter {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SinkWriter for KinesisSinkWriter {
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_append_only {
-            self.append_only(chunk).await
-        } else if self.config.r#type == SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM {
-            self.debezium_update(
-                chunk,
-                SystemTime::now()
-                    .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .as_millis() as u64,
-            )
-            .await
-        } else if self.config.r#type == SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
-            self.upsert(chunk).await
-        } else {
-            unreachable!()
-        }
+        dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
+            self.payload_writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await
+        })
     }
 
     async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index f1f12ed323d7b..449f4f541f0e4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ pub trait FormattedSink {
     async fn write_chunk<F: SinkFormatter>(
         &mut self,
         chunk: StreamChunk,
-        formatter: F,
+        formatter: &F,
     ) -> Result<()>
     where
         F::K: SerTo<Self::K>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
index e04235b6f586e..57b9e572c0615 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use tokio_retry::Retry;
 use super::utils::chunk_to_json;
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::NatsCommon;
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::{Result, Sink, SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY};
 
 pub const NATS_SINK: &str = "nats";
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ pub struct NatsSinkWriter {
     pub config: NatsConfig,
     context: Context,
     schema: Schema,
+    json_encoder: JsonEncoder,
 }
 
 /// Basic data types for use with the nats interface
@@ -118,6 +120,7 @@ impl NatsSinkWriter {
             config: config.clone(),
             context,
             schema: schema.clone(),
+            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli),
         })
     }
 
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ impl NatsSinkWriter {
         Retry::spawn(
             ExponentialBackoff::from_millis(100).map(jitter).take(3),
             || async {
-                let data = chunk_to_json(chunk.clone(), &self.schema).unwrap();
+                let data = chunk_to_json(chunk.clone(), &self.json_encoder).unwrap();
                 for item in data {
                     self.context
                         .publish(self.config.common.subject.clone(), item.into())
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index d1cbc0b5a527c..8dc478f7dd82d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -27,15 +27,14 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
-use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use super::formatter::{AppendOnlyFormatter, UpsertFormatter};
 use super::{
     FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
     SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::PulsarCommon;
-use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
+use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result};
+use crate::{deserialize_duration_from_string, dispatch_sink_formatter_impl};
 
 pub const PULSAR_SINK: &str = "pulsar";
 
@@ -142,6 +141,8 @@ pub struct PulsarSink {
     schema: Schema,
     downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
     is_append_only: bool,
+    db_name: String,
+    sink_from_name: String,
 }
 
 impl PulsarSink {
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@ impl PulsarSink {
             schema: param.schema(),
             downstream_pk: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            db_name: param.db_name,
+            sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -166,6 +169,8 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.downstream_pk.clone(),
             self.is_append_only,
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
         .await
     }
@@ -188,12 +193,14 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
 }
 
 pub struct PulsarSinkWriter {
+    payload_writer: PulsarPayloadWriter,
+    formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
+}
+
+struct PulsarPayloadWriter {
     pulsar: Pulsar<TokioExecutor>,
     producer: Producer<TokioExecutor>,
     config: PulsarConfig,
-    schema: Schema,
-    downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
-    is_append_only: bool,
     send_future_buffer: VecDeque<SendFuture>,
 }
 
@@ -203,20 +210,32 @@ impl PulsarSinkWriter {
         schema: Schema,
         downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
         is_append_only: bool,
+        db_name: String,
+        sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let pulsar = config.common.build_client().await?;
-        let producer = build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &config).await?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            pulsar,
-            producer,
-            config,
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &config.r#type,
             schema,
             downstream_pk,
             is_append_only,
-            send_future_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
+            db_name,
+            sink_from_name,
+        )?;
+        let pulsar = config.common.build_client().await?;
+        let producer = build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &config).await?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            formatter,
+            payload_writer: PulsarPayloadWriter {
+                pulsar,
+                producer,
+                config,
+                send_future_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
+            },
         })
     }
+}
 
+impl PulsarPayloadWriter {
     async fn send_message(&mut self, message: Message) -> Result<()> {
         let mut success_flag = false;
         let mut connection_err = None;
@@ -276,34 +295,6 @@ impl PulsarSinkWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn append_only(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
-        let schema = self.schema.clone();
-        let downstream_pk = self.downstream_pk.clone();
-        let key_encoder =
-            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&downstream_pk), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-        // Initialize the append_only_stream
-        let f = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
-    async fn upsert(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: Remove the clones here, only to satisfy borrow checker at present
-        let schema = self.schema.clone();
-        let downstream_pk = self.downstream_pk.clone();
-        let key_encoder =
-            JsonEncoder::new(&schema, Some(&downstream_pk), TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-        let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(&schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-        // Initialize the upsert_stream
-        let f = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-
-        self.write_chunk(chunk, f).await
-    }
-
     async fn commit_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         self.producer
             .send_batch()
@@ -320,7 +311,7 @@ impl PulsarSinkWriter {
     }
 }
 
-impl FormattedSink for PulsarSinkWriter {
+impl FormattedSink for PulsarPayloadWriter {
     type K = String;
     type V = Vec<u8>;
 
@@ -332,11 +323,9 @@ impl FormattedSink for PulsarSinkWriter {
 #[async_trait]
 impl SinkWriter for PulsarSinkWriter {
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_append_only {
-            self.append_only(chunk).await
-        } else {
-            self.upsert(chunk).await
-        }
+        dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
+            self.payload_writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await
+        })
     }
 
     async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
@@ -345,7 +334,7 @@ impl SinkWriter for PulsarSinkWriter {
 
     async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Self::CommitMetadata> {
         if is_checkpoint {
-            self.commit_inner().await?;
+            self.payload_writer.commit_inner().await?;
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 004f8ac46d128..f6fa615e44c53 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ impl Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink {
 pub type RemoteSinkWriter = RemoteSinkWriterInner<()>;
 pub type CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter = RemoteSinkWriterInner<Option<SinkMetadata>>;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
     pub connector_type: String,
     properties: HashMap<String, String>,
@@ -254,6 +253,7 @@ pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
     schema: Schema,
     payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat,
     stream_handle: SinkWriterStreamHandle,
+    json_encoder: JsonEncoder,
     _phantom: PhantomData<SM>,
 }
 
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@ impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
             schema: param.schema(),
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: connector_params.sink_payload_format,
+            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(param.schema(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         })
     }
@@ -331,6 +332,7 @@ impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
             properties,
             epoch: None,
             batch_id: 0,
+            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema.clone(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
             schema,
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat::Json,
@@ -387,9 +389,8 @@ where
         let payload = match self.payload_format {
             SinkPayloadFormat::Json => {
                 let mut row_ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.cardinality());
-                let enc = JsonEncoder::new(&self.schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String);
                 for (op, row_ref) in chunk.rows() {
-                    let map = enc.encode(row_ref)?;
+                    let map = self.json_encoder.encode(row_ref)?;
                     let row_op = RowOp {
                         op_type: op.to_protobuf() as i32,
                         line: serde_json::to_string(&map)
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
index da9e92b6ae0aa..967c3fc43ba30 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/utils.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
 // Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -13,16 +11,15 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-use risingwave_common::array::{RowRef, StreamChunk};
-use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use serde_json::{Map, Value};
 
-use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder};
 use crate::sink::Result;
 
-pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-    let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-    let mut records: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.cardinality());
+pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, encoder: &JsonEncoder) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let mut records: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
     for (_, row) in chunk.rows() {
         let record = Value::Object(encoder.encode(row)?);
         records.push(record.to_string());
@@ -30,18 +27,3 @@ pub fn chunk_to_json(chunk: StreamChunk, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Vec<String>>
 
     Ok(records)
 }
-
-pub fn doris_rows_to_json(
-    row: RowRef<'_>,
-    schema: &Schema,
-    decimal_map: &HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>,
-) -> Result<Map<String, Value>> {
-    let encoder = JsonEncoder::new_with_doris(
-        schema,
-        None,
-        TimestampHandlingMode::String,
-        decimal_map.clone(),
-    );
-    let map = encoder.encode(row)?;
-    Ok(map)
-}

From 5eeef12e02e5d245a7ff37a7492bdfee2e90e1e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 15:07:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 181/430] chore(java-binding): refine stream chunk benchmark
 (#12504)

---
 .../java/binding/ArrayListBenchmark.java      | 15 ++------
 .../java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java    | 36 ++++++++++++-------
 src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml       |  9 ++---
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/ArrayListBenchmark.java b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/ArrayListBenchmark.java
index 6540033371d34..c05cf23d2c582 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/ArrayListBenchmark.java
+++ b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/ArrayListBenchmark.java
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
-@Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
-@Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 2, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, batchSize = 10)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, batchSize = 10)
 @Fork(value = 1)
 @BenchmarkMode(org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode.AverageTime)
 @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ public class ArrayListBenchmark {
     @Param({"100", "1000", "10000"})
     static int loopTime;
 
-    ArrayList<ArrayList<Object>> data = new ArrayList<>();
-
     public ArrayList<Object> getRow(int index) {
         short v1 = (short) index;
         int v2 = (int) index;
@@ -61,17 +59,10 @@ public void getValue(ArrayList<Object> rowData) {
         Integer mayNull = (Integer) rowData.get(6);
     }
 
-    @Setup
-    public void setup() {
-        for (int i = 0; i < loopTime; i++) {
-            data.add(getRow(i));
-        }
-    }
-
     @Benchmark
     public void arrayListTest() {
         for (int i = 0; i < loopTime; i++) {
-            getValue(data.get(i));
+            getValue(getRow(i));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
index 8741044f7b34e..628d1405c8d81 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
+++ b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
@@ -16,31 +16,37 @@
 
 package com.risingwave.java.binding;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
 
-@Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
-@Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 2, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, batchSize = 10)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, batchSize = 10)
 @Fork(value = 1)
 @BenchmarkMode(org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode.AverageTime)
-@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
 @State(org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope.Benchmark)
 public class StreamchunkBenchmark {
     @Param({"100", "1000", "10000"})
-    static int loopTime;
+    int loopTime;
 
-    String str;
-    StreamChunkIterator iter;
+    Iterator<StreamChunkIterator> iterOfIter;
 
-    @Setup(Level.Invocation)
+    @Setup(Level.Iteration)
     public void setup() {
-        str = "i i I f F B i";
-        for (int i = 0; i < loopTime; i++) {
-            String b = i % 2 == 0 ? "f" : "t";
-            String n = i % 2 == 0 ? "." : "1";
-            str += String.format("\n + %d %d %d %d.0 %d.0 %s %s", i, i, i, i, i, b, n);
+        var iterList = new ArrayList<StreamChunkIterator>();
+        for (int iterI = 0; iterI < 10; iterI++) {
+            String str = "i i I f F B i";
+            for (int i = 0; i < loopTime; i++) {
+                String b = i % 2 == 0 ? "f" : "t";
+                String n = i % 2 == 0 ? "." : "1";
+                str += String.format("\n + %d %d %d %d.0 %d.0 %s %s", i, i, i, i, i, b, n);
+            }
+            var iter = new StreamChunkIterator(str);
+            iterList.add(iter);
         }
-        iter = new StreamChunkIterator(str);
+        iterOfIter = iterList.iterator();
     }
 
     public void getValue(StreamChunkRow row) {
@@ -55,6 +61,10 @@ public void getValue(StreamChunkRow row) {
 
     @Benchmark
     public void streamchunkTest() {
+        if (!iterOfIter.hasNext()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("too few prepared iter");
+        }
+        var iter = iterOfIter.next();
         int count = 0;
         while (true) {
             try (StreamChunkRow row = iter.next()) {
diff --git a/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml b/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
index 957cec9c762f5..af76a18ba9b45 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
+++ b/src/java_binding/make-java-binding.toml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -ex
 cd java
-mvn install --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true
+mvn install --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip
 mvn dependency:copy-dependencies --no-transfer-progress --pl java-binding-integration-test
 '''
 
@@ -98,9 +98,6 @@ cd ${RISINGWAVE_ROOT}/java
 [tasks.run-java-binding-stream-chunk-benchmark]
 category = "RiseDev - Java Binding"
 description = "Run the java binding stream chunk benchmark"
-dependencies = [
-    "build-java-binding",
-]
 script = '''
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -ex
@@ -109,10 +106,10 @@ RISINGWAVE_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
 
 cd ${RISINGWAVE_ROOT}/java
 
-mvn install --pl java-binding-benchmark --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true
+mvn install --pl java-binding-benchmark --am -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip
 
 mvn dependency:copy-dependencies --pl java-binding-benchmark
 
-java -cp "java-binding-benchmark/target/dependency/*:java-binding-benchmark/target/java-binding-benchmark-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar" \
+java -cp "java-binding-benchmark/target/dependency/*:java-binding-benchmark/target/java-binding-benchmark-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar" \
              com.risingwave.java.binding.BenchmarkRunner
 '''

From b7c8c9d3d21cfebc3d66844fd190ad4f33bf9c82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 15:30:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 182/430] feat(meta): add create_type to `Table` (#12529)

---
 proto/catalog.proto                           | 10 +++++++
 proto/ddl_service.proto                       |  7 -----
 src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs   | 14 ++++------
 src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs     |  4 ++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs         | 14 +++++-----
 src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs                |  6 ++---
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            | 26 +++++++------------
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs       | 11 ++++----
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  2 --
 src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs       |  3 ++-
 .../src/delete_range_runner.rs                |  3 ++-
 11 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/catalog.proto b/proto/catalog.proto
index 07aff3baee22f..f200d10d234ff 100644
--- a/proto/catalog.proto
+++ b/proto/catalog.proto
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ enum StreamJobStatus {
   CREATED = 2;
 }
 
+// How the stream job was created will determine
+// whether they are persisted.
+enum CreateType {
+  CREATE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  BACKGROUND = 1;
+  FOREGROUND = 2;
+}
+
 message StreamSourceInfo {
   // deprecated
   plan_common.RowFormatType row_format = 1;
@@ -262,6 +270,8 @@ message Table {
   // Used to filter created / creating tables in meta.
   StreamJobStatus stream_job_status = 31;
 
+  CreateType create_type = 32;
+
   // Per-table catalog version, used by schema change. `None` for internal tables and tests.
   // Not to be confused with the global catalog version for notification service.
   TableVersion version = 100;
diff --git a/proto/ddl_service.proto b/proto/ddl_service.proto
index 68a74d421462c..27c9f2ee82f83 100644
--- a/proto/ddl_service.proto
+++ b/proto/ddl_service.proto
@@ -97,16 +97,9 @@ message DropSinkResponse {
   uint64 version = 2;
 }
 
-enum StreamJobExecutionMode {
-  STREAM_JOB_EXECUTION_MODE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-  BACKGROUND = 1;
-  FOREGROUND = 2;
-}
-
 message CreateMaterializedViewRequest {
   catalog.Table materialized_view = 1;
   stream_plan.StreamFragmentGraph fragment_graph = 2;
-  StreamJobExecutionMode stream_job_execution_mode = 3;
 }
 
 message CreateMaterializedViewResponse {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
index bc2648fe105bd..8eb6b9e3e4485 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/catalog_service.rs
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::InternalError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView,
+    PbCreateType, PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::alter_relation_name_request::Relation;
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, StreamJobExecutionMode};
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::create_connection_request;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFragmentGraph;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::MetaClient;
 use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ pub trait CatalogWriter: Send + Sync {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
-        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()>;
 
     async fn create_table(
@@ -191,16 +190,13 @@ impl CatalogWriter for CatalogWriterImpl {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
-        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        let create_type = table.get_create_type().unwrap_or(PbCreateType::Foreground);
         let (_, version) = self
             .meta_client
-            .create_materialized_view(table, graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
+            .create_materialized_view(table, graph)
             .await?;
-        if matches!(
-            stream_job_execution_mode,
-            StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground | StreamJobExecutionMode::Unspecified
-        ) {
+        if matches!(create_type, PbCreateType::Foreground) {
             self.wait_version(version).await?
         }
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
index 2b8ef546c9be9..778b43c0598f5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::{OptionalAssociatedSourceId, PbTableType, PbTableVersion};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbCreateType, PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::DefaultColumnDesc;
 
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ impl TableCatalog {
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|epoch| epoch.0),
             cleaned_by_watermark: self.cleaned_by_watermark,
             stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
+            create_type: PbCreateType::Foreground.into(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -607,6 +608,7 @@ mod tests {
             created_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
             stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
+            create_type: PbCreateType::Foreground.into(),
         }
         .into();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
index 3983291e2845f..3fa9129f39743 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::StreamJobExecutionMode;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{CreateType, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_fragment_graph::Parallelism;
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::Action;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{EmitMode, Ident, ObjectName, Query};
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ pub async fn handle_create_mv(
         Ok(_) => {}
     };
 
-    let (table, graph) = {
+    let (mut table, graph) = {
         let context = OptimizerContext::from_handler_args(handler_args);
 
         let has_order_by = !query.order_by.is_empty();
@@ -202,16 +201,17 @@ It only indicates the physical clustering of the data, which may improve the per
             ));
 
     let run_in_background = session.config().get_background_ddl();
-    let stream_job_execution_mode = if run_in_background {
-        StreamJobExecutionMode::Background
+    let create_type = if run_in_background {
+        CreateType::Background
     } else {
-        StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground
+        CreateType::Foreground
     };
+    table.create_type = create_type.into();
 
     let session = session.clone();
     let catalog_writer = session.catalog_writer()?;
     catalog_writer
-        .create_materialized_view(table, graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
+        .create_materialized_view(table, graph)
         .await?;
 
     Ok(PgResponse::empty_result(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
index 1823dcec91281..20eb252fc5053 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/test_utils.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView, Table,
 };
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress, StreamJobExecutionMode};
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{create_connection_request, DdlProgress};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     BranchedObject, CompactionGroupInfo, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, HummockVersionDelta,
@@ -235,7 +235,6 @@ impl CatalogWriter for MockCatalogWriter {
         &self,
         mut table: PbTable,
         _graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
-        _stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         table.id = self.gen_id();
         self.catalog.write().create_table(&table);
@@ -261,8 +260,7 @@ impl CatalogWriter for MockCatalogWriter {
             table.optional_associated_source_id =
                 Some(OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(source_id));
         }
-        self.create_materialized_view(table, graph, StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground)
-            .await?;
+        self.create_materialized_view(table, graph).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index d4b324ea6ddc6..c65efc1726825 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::private_link_service::PbPrivateLinkProvider;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    connection, Connection, Database, Function, Schema, Source, Table, View,
+    connection, Connection, CreateType, Database, Function, Schema, Source, Table, View,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::alter_relation_name_request::Relation;
-use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::{DdlProgress, StreamJobExecutionMode};
+use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::DdlProgress;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFragmentGraph as StreamFragmentGraphProto;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tracing::log::warn;
@@ -93,11 +93,7 @@ pub enum DdlCommand {
     DropFunction(FunctionId),
     CreateView(View),
     DropView(ViewId, DropMode),
-    CreateStreamingJob(
-        StreamingJob,
-        StreamFragmentGraphProto,
-        StreamJobExecutionMode,
-    ),
+    CreateStreamingJob(StreamingJob, StreamFragmentGraphProto, CreateType),
     DropStreamingJob(StreamingJobId, DropMode),
     ReplaceTable(StreamingJob, StreamFragmentGraphProto, ColIndexMapping),
     AlterRelationName(Relation, String),
@@ -240,12 +236,8 @@ impl DdlController {
                 DdlCommand::DropView(view_id, drop_mode) => {
                     ctrl.drop_view(view_id, drop_mode).await
                 }
-                DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
-                    stream_job,
-                    fragment_graph,
-                    stream_job_execution_mode,
-                ) => {
-                    ctrl.create_streaming_job(stream_job, fragment_graph, stream_job_execution_mode)
+                DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(stream_job, fragment_graph, create_type) => {
+                    ctrl.create_streaming_job(stream_job, fragment_graph, create_type)
                         .await
                 }
                 DdlCommand::DropStreamingJob(job_id, drop_mode) => {
@@ -414,7 +406,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         &self,
         mut stream_job: StreamingJob,
         fragment_graph: StreamFragmentGraphProto,
-        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
+        create_type: CreateType,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let _permit = self
             .creating_streaming_job_permits
@@ -462,12 +454,12 @@ impl DdlController {
             }
         };
 
-        match stream_job_execution_mode {
-            StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground | StreamJobExecutionMode::Unspecified => {
+        match create_type {
+            CreateType::Foreground | CreateType::Unspecified => {
                 self.create_streaming_job_inner(stream_job, table_fragments, ctx, internal_tables)
                     .await
             }
-            StreamJobExecutionMode::Background => {
+            CreateType::Background => {
                 let ctrl = self.clone();
                 let definition = stream_job.definition();
                 let fut = async move {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
index e22deadf947e8..935d398aeacb0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::private_link_service::{
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbPrivateLinkService;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::source::OptionalAssociatedTableId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{connection, Connection, PbSource, PbTable};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{connection, Connection, CreateType, PbSource, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::ddl_service_server::DdlService;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::drop_table_request::PbSourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::*;
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
             .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
                 stream_job,
                 fragment_graph,
-                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+                CreateType::Foreground,
             ))
             .await?;
 
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
 
         let req = request.into_inner();
         let mview = req.get_materialized_view()?.clone();
+        let create_type = mview.get_create_type().unwrap_or(CreateType::Foreground);
         let fragment_graph = req.get_fragment_graph()?.clone();
 
         let mut stream_job = StreamingJob::MaterializedView(mview);
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
             .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
                 stream_job,
                 fragment_graph,
-                req.stream_job_execution_mode(),
+                create_type,
             ))
             .await?;
 
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
             .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
                 stream_job,
                 fragment_graph,
-                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+                CreateType::Foreground,
             ))
             .await?;
 
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
             .run_command(DdlCommand::CreateStreamingJob(
                 stream_job,
                 fragment_graph,
-                StreamJobExecutionMode::Foreground,
+                CreateType::Foreground,
             ))
             .await?;
 
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 2b695f9c045b0..357cd4cf37f1d 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -332,12 +332,10 @@ impl MetaClient {
         &self,
         table: PbTable,
         graph: StreamFragmentGraph,
-        stream_job_execution_mode: StreamJobExecutionMode,
     ) -> Result<(TableId, CatalogVersion)> {
         let request = CreateMaterializedViewRequest {
             materialized_view: Some(table),
             fragment_graph: Some(graph),
-            stream_job_execution_mode: stream_job_execution_mode as i32,
         };
         let resp = self.inner.create_materialized_view(request).await?;
         // TODO: handle error in `resp.status` here
diff --git a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
index c3b65bc26992d..b5a79a6f6b42f 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/filter_key_extractor.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TABLE_PREFIX_LEN;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
-    use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
+    use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbCreateType, PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
     use risingwave_pb::common::{PbColumnOrder, PbDirection, PbNullsAre, PbOrderType};
     use risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnCatalog;
 
@@ -550,6 +550,7 @@ mod tests {
             created_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
             stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into(),
+            create_type: PbCreateType::Foreground.into(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index 486b819d3ee7e..abeae5e418af2 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use risingwave_meta::hummock::test_utils::setup_compute_env_with_config;
 use risingwave_meta::hummock::MockHummockMetaClient;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::object_metrics::ObjectStoreMetrics;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::parse_remote_object_store;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbCreateType, PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactionConfig, CompactionGroupInfo};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::HummockMetaClient;
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ async fn compaction_test(
         created_at_epoch: None,
         cleaned_by_watermark: false,
         stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into(),
+        create_type: PbCreateType::Foreground.into(),
     };
     let mut delete_range_table = delete_key_table.clone();
     delete_range_table.id = 2;

From f38554ef84ad3aa795671e4f9f8ca0a5d49712bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 16:13:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 183/430] refactor(sink): refine sink trait and macro (#12478)

---
 e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt            |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs               |  35 +--
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs          |  29 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs               |  26 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             |  28 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  17 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  17 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 | 284 ++++++++----------
 src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs                |  21 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              |  17 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs               |  14 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              | 191 ++++++------
 src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs           |  64 +++-
 src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs                   |   2 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     |  40 +--
 15 files changed, 395 insertions(+), 392 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
index 5ace195ec48ce..9a6aeabb88ae3 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ create sink invalid_sink_type from t with (connector = 'blackhole', type = 'inva
 statement error `force_append_only` must be true or false
 create sink invalid_force_append_only from t with (connector = 'blackhole', force_append_only = 'invalid');
 
-statement error invalid connector type: invalid
+statement error db error: ERROR: QueryError: internal error: Sink error: config error: unsupported sink connector invalid
 create sink invalid_connector from t with (connector = 'invalid');
 
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
index d966b1b6dea0f..8c4dcdb4b0506 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/boxed.rs
@@ -12,28 +12,18 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 
-use crate::sink::{Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+use crate::sink::{SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriter};
 
 pub type BoxWriter<CM> = Box<dyn SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = CM> + Send + 'static>;
 pub type BoxCoordinator = Box<dyn SinkCommitCoordinator + Send + 'static>;
-pub type BoxSink =
-    Box<dyn Sink<Writer = BoxWriter<()>, Coordinator = BoxCoordinator> + Send + Sync + 'static>;
-
-impl Debug for BoxSink {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str("BoxSink")
-    }
-}
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl<CM: 'static + Send> SinkWriter for BoxWriter<CM> {
@@ -70,24 +60,3 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for BoxCoordinator {
         self.deref_mut().commit(epoch, metadata).await
     }
 }
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl Sink for BoxSink {
-    type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
-    type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
-
-    async fn validate(&self) -> crate::sink::Result<()> {
-        self.deref().validate().await
-    }
-
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::Writer> {
-        self.deref().new_writer(writer_param).await
-    }
-
-    async fn new_coordinator(
-        &self,
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::Coordinator> {
-        self.deref().new_coordinator(connector_client).await
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index ef4cc8b993a9b..08287b789eaf9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::ClickHouseCommon;
 use crate::sink::{
-    Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 
 pub const CLICKHOUSE_SINK: &str = "clickhouse";
@@ -70,21 +71,22 @@ impl ClickHouseConfig {
     }
 }
 
-impl ClickHouseSink {
-    pub fn new(
-        config: ClickHouseConfig,
-        schema: Schema,
-        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for ClickHouseSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = ClickHouseConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
         Ok(Self {
             config,
             schema,
-            pk_indices,
-            is_append_only,
+            pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
+            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
         })
     }
+}
 
+impl ClickHouseSink {
     /// Check that the column names and types of risingwave and clickhouse are identical
     fn check_column_name_and_type(&self, clickhouse_columns_desc: &[SystemColumn]) -> Result<()> {
         let rw_fields_name = build_fields_name_type_from_schema(&self.schema)?;
@@ -205,11 +207,12 @@ impl ClickHouseSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = ClickHouseSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = CLICKHOUSE_SINK;
+
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert clickhouse sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
@@ -241,13 +244,13 @@ impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
     }
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(ClickHouseSinkWriter::new(
+        ClickHouseSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
             self.is_append_only,
         )
-        .await?)
+        .await
     }
 }
 pub struct ClickHouseSinkWriter {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
index 82e6454663f48..3e226bcb37d46 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ use super::doris_connector::{DorisField, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_D
 use super::{SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
 use crate::common::DorisCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+use crate::sink::{
+    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
+};
 
 pub const DORIS_SINK: &str = "doris";
 #[serde_as]
@@ -151,19 +153,20 @@ impl DorisSink {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl Sink for DorisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = DorisSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = DORIS_SINK;
+
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(DorisSinkWriter::new(
+        DorisSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
             self.is_append_only,
         )
-        .await?)
+        .await
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -195,6 +198,21 @@ pub struct DorisSinkWriter {
     row_encoder: JsonEncoder,
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for DorisSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = DorisConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
+        DorisSink::new(
+            config,
+            schema,
+            param.downstream_pk,
+            param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 impl DorisSinkWriter {
     pub async fn new(
         config: DorisConfig,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 41aded5ba26cf..25c5aa7765114 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -41,15 +41,21 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::deserialize_bool_from_string;
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
-use crate::sink::remote::{CoordinatedRemoteSink, RemoteConfig};
+use crate::sink::remote::{CoordinatedRemoteSink, RemoteSinkTrait};
 use crate::sink::{Result, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkParam};
 
 /// This iceberg sink is WIP. When it ready, we will change this name to "iceberg".
 pub const ICEBERG_SINK: &str = "iceberg";
 pub const REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK: &str = "iceberg_java";
 
-pub type RemoteIcebergSink = CoordinatedRemoteSink;
-pub type RemoteIcebergConfig = RemoteConfig;
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RemoteIceberg;
+
+impl RemoteSinkTrait for RemoteIceberg {
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK;
+}
+
+pub type RemoteIcebergSink = CoordinatedRemoteSink<RemoteIceberg>;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
@@ -192,6 +198,15 @@ pub struct IcebergSink {
     param: SinkParam,
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for IcebergSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let config = IcebergConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties.clone())?;
+        IcebergSink::new(config, param)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Debug for IcebergSink {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("IcebergSink")
@@ -240,11 +255,12 @@ impl IcebergSink {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Sink for IcebergSink {
     type Coordinator = IcebergSinkCommitter;
     type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<IcebergWriter>;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = ICEBERG_SINK;
+
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let _ = self.create_table().await?;
         Ok(())
@@ -261,7 +277,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
                 .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
             table,
         };
-        Ok(CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
+        CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
             writer_param
                 .meta_client
                 .expect("should have meta client")
@@ -275,7 +291,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
             })?,
             inner,
         )
-        .await?)
+        .await
     }
 
     async fn new_coordinator(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 85894792cd7ee..0cad48bbb57f6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -281,24 +281,29 @@ pub struct KafkaSink {
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
 
-impl KafkaSink {
-    pub fn new(config: KafkaConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Self {
-        Self {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KafkaSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
+        Ok(Self {
             config,
-            schema: param.schema(),
+            schema,
             pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = SinkWriterV1Adapter<KafkaSinkWriter>;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KAFKA_SINK;
+
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
         Ok(SinkWriterV1Adapter::new(
             KafkaSinkWriter::new(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 114070ca1e440..f16ca3905b884 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -47,24 +47,29 @@ pub struct KinesisSink {
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
 
-impl KinesisSink {
-    pub fn new(config: KinesisSinkConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Self {
-        Self {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KinesisSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = KinesisSinkConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
+        Ok(Self {
             config,
-            schema: param.schema(),
+            schema,
             pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Sink for KinesisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = KinesisSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KINESIS_SINK;
+
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
         if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 449f4f541f0e4..f312453481db6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ pub mod nats;
 pub mod pulsar;
 pub mod redis;
 pub mod remote;
-#[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
 pub mod test_sink;
 pub mod utils;
 
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use ::clickhouse::error::Error as ClickHouseError;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
@@ -50,27 +48,82 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 pub use tracing;
 
 use self::catalog::SinkType;
-use self::clickhouse::{ClickHouseConfig, ClickHouseSink};
-use self::doris::{DorisConfig, DorisSink};
 use self::encoder::SerTo;
 use self::formatter::SinkFormatter;
-use self::iceberg::{IcebergSink, ICEBERG_SINK, REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK};
-use self::pulsar::{PulsarConfig, PulsarSink};
-use crate::sink::boxed::BoxSink;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
-use crate::sink::clickhouse::CLICKHOUSE_SINK;
-use crate::sink::doris::DORIS_SINK;
-use crate::sink::iceberg::{IcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergConfig, RemoteIcebergSink};
-use crate::sink::kafka::{KafkaConfig, KafkaSink, KAFKA_SINK};
-use crate::sink::kinesis::{KinesisSink, KinesisSinkConfig, KINESIS_SINK};
-use crate::sink::nats::{NatsConfig, NatsSink, NATS_SINK};
-use crate::sink::pulsar::PULSAR_SINK;
-use crate::sink::redis::{RedisConfig, RedisSink};
-use crate::sink::remote::{CoordinatedRemoteSink, RemoteConfig, RemoteSink};
-#[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
-use crate::sink::test_sink::{build_test_sink, TEST_SINK_NAME};
+pub use crate::sink::clickhouse::ClickHouseSink;
+pub use crate::sink::iceberg::{IcebergSink, RemoteIcebergSink};
+pub use crate::sink::kafka::KafkaSink;
+pub use crate::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink;
+pub use crate::sink::nats::NatsSink;
+pub use crate::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink;
+pub use crate::sink::redis::RedisSink;
+pub use crate::sink::remote::{CassandraSink, DeltaLakeSink, ElasticSearchSink, JdbcSink};
+pub use crate::sink::test_sink::TestSink;
 use crate::ConnectorParams;
 
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_sinks {
+    ($macro:path $(, $arg:tt)*) => {
+        $macro! {
+            {
+                { Redis, $crate::sink::RedisSink },
+                { Kafka, $crate::sink::KafkaSink },
+                { Pulsar, $crate::sink::PulsarSink },
+                { BlackHole, $crate::sink::BlackHoleSink },
+                { Kinesis, $crate::sink::KinesisSink },
+                { ClickHouse, $crate::sink::ClickHouseSink },
+                { Iceberg, $crate::sink::IcebergSink },
+                { Nats, $crate::sink::NatsSink },
+                { RemoteIceberg, $crate::sink::RemoteIcebergSink },
+                { Jdbc, $crate::sink::JdbcSink },
+                { DeltaLake, $crate::sink::DeltaLakeSink },
+                { ElasticSearch, $crate::sink::ElasticSearchSink },
+                { Cassandra, $crate::sink::CassandraSink },
+                { Doris, $crate::sink::doris::DorisSink },
+                { Test, $crate::sink::TestSink }
+            }
+            $(,$arg)*
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dispatch_sink {
+    ({$({$variant_name:ident, $sink_type:ty}),*}, $impl:tt, $sink:tt, $body:tt) => {{
+        use $crate::sink::SinkImpl;
+
+        match $impl {
+            $(
+                SinkImpl::$variant_name($sink) => $body,
+            )*
+        }
+    }};
+    ($impl:expr, $sink:ident, $body:expr) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_sinks! {$crate::dispatch_sink, {$impl}, $sink, {$body}}
+    }};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! match_sink_name_str {
+    ({$({$variant_name:ident, $sink_type:ty}),*}, $name_str:tt, $type_name:ident, $body:tt, $on_other_closure:tt) => {
+        match $name_str {
+            $(
+                <$sink_type>::SINK_NAME => {
+                    type $type_name = $sink_type;
+                    {
+                        $body
+                    }
+                },
+            )*
+            other => ($on_other_closure)(other),
+        }
+    };
+    ($name_str:expr, $type_name:ident, $body:expr, $on_other_closure:expr) => {{
+        $crate::for_all_sinks! {$crate::match_sink_name_str, {$name_str}, $type_name, {$body}, {$on_other_closure}}
+    }};
+}
+
 pub const DOWNSTREAM_SINK_KEY: &str = "connector";
 pub const SINK_TYPE_OPTION: &str = "type";
 pub const SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY: &str = "append-only";
@@ -156,13 +209,14 @@ pub struct SinkWriterParam {
     pub meta_client: Option<MetaClient>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait Sink {
+pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str;
     type Writer: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>;
     type Coordinator: SinkCommitCoordinator;
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()>;
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer>;
+    #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn new_coordinator(
         &self,
         _connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
@@ -320,33 +374,25 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for DummySinkCommitCoordinator {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner)]
-pub enum SinkConfig {
-    Redis(RedisConfig),
-    Kafka(Box<KafkaConfig>),
-    Remote(RemoteConfig),
-    Kinesis(Box<KinesisSinkConfig>),
-    Iceberg(IcebergConfig),
-    RemoteIceberg(RemoteIcebergConfig),
-    Pulsar(PulsarConfig),
-    BlackHole,
-    ClickHouse(Box<ClickHouseConfig>),
-    Doris(Box<DorisConfig>),
-    Nats(NatsConfig),
-    #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
-    Test,
-}
-
 pub const BLACKHOLE_SINK: &str = "blackhole";
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct BlackHoleSink;
 
-#[async_trait]
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for BlackHoleSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(_value: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Sink for BlackHoleSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = Self;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = BLACKHOLE_SINK;
+
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
         Ok(Self)
     }
@@ -371,144 +417,68 @@ impl SinkWriter for BlackHoleSink {
     }
 }
 
-impl SinkConfig {
-    pub fn from_hashmap(mut properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+impl SinkImpl {
+    pub fn new(mut param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
         const CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY: &str = "connector";
         const CONNECTION_NAME_KEY: &str = "connection.name";
         const PRIVATE_LINK_TARGET_KEY: &str = "privatelink.targets";
 
         // remove privatelink related properties if any
-        properties.remove(PRIVATE_LINK_TARGET_KEY);
-        properties.remove(CONNECTION_NAME_KEY);
+        param.properties.remove(PRIVATE_LINK_TARGET_KEY);
+        param.properties.remove(CONNECTION_NAME_KEY);
 
-        let sink_type = properties
+        let sink_type = param
+            .properties
             .get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY)
             .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing config: {}", CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY)))?;
-        match sink_type.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-            KAFKA_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Kafka(Box::new(KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(
-                properties,
-            )?))),
-            KINESIS_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Kinesis(Box::new(
-                KinesisSinkConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
-            ))),
-            CLICKHOUSE_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::ClickHouse(Box::new(
-                ClickHouseConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
-            ))),
-            DORIS_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Doris(Box::new(DorisConfig::from_hashmap(
-                properties,
-            )?))),
-            BLACKHOLE_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::BlackHole),
-            PULSAR_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Pulsar(PulsarConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?)),
-            REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::RemoteIceberg(
-                RemoteIcebergConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?,
-            )),
-            ICEBERG_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Iceberg(IcebergConfig::from_hashmap(
-                properties,
-            )?)),
-            NATS_SINK => Ok(SinkConfig::Nats(NatsConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?)),
-            // Only in test or deterministic test, test sink is enabled.
-            #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
-            TEST_SINK_NAME => Ok(SinkConfig::Test),
-            _ => Ok(SinkConfig::Remote(RemoteConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?)),
-        }
+        match_sink_name_str!(
+            sink_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+            SinkType,
+            Ok(SinkType::try_from(param)?.into()),
+            |other| {
+                Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "unsupported sink connector {}",
+                    other
+                )))
+            }
+        )
     }
 }
 
 pub fn build_sink(param: SinkParam) -> Result<SinkImpl> {
-    let config = SinkConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties.clone())?;
-    SinkImpl::new(config, param)
+    SinkImpl::new(param)
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum SinkImpl {
-    Redis(RedisSink),
-    Kafka(KafkaSink),
-    Remote(RemoteSink),
-    Pulsar(PulsarSink),
-    BlackHole(BlackHoleSink),
-    Kinesis(KinesisSink),
-    ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink),
-    Doris(DorisSink),
-    Iceberg(IcebergSink),
-    Nats(NatsSink),
-    RemoteIceberg(RemoteIcebergSink),
-    TestSink(BoxSink),
-}
-
-impl SinkImpl {
-    pub fn get_connector(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            SinkImpl::Kafka(_) => "kafka",
-            SinkImpl::Redis(_) => "redis",
-            SinkImpl::Remote(_) => "remote",
-            SinkImpl::Pulsar(_) => "pulsar",
-            SinkImpl::BlackHole(_) => "blackhole",
-            SinkImpl::Kinesis(_) => "kinesis",
-            SinkImpl::ClickHouse(_) => "clickhouse",
-            SinkImpl::Iceberg(_) => "iceberg",
-            SinkImpl::Nats(_) => "nats",
-            SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg(_) => "iceberg_java",
-            SinkImpl::TestSink(_) => "test",
-            SinkImpl::Doris(_) => "doris",
+macro_rules! def_sink_impl {
+    () => {
+        $crate::for_all_sinks! { def_sink_impl }
+    };
+    ({ $({ $variant_name:ident, $sink_type:ty }),* }) => {
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        pub enum SinkImpl {
+            $(
+                $variant_name($sink_type),
+            )*
         }
-    }
-}
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! dispatch_sink {
-    ($impl:expr, $sink:ident, $body:tt) => {{
-        use $crate::sink::SinkImpl;
-
-        match $impl {
-            SinkImpl::Redis($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Kafka($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Remote($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Pulsar($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::BlackHole($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Kinesis($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::ClickHouse($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Doris($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Iceberg($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::Nats($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg($sink) => $body,
-            SinkImpl::TestSink($sink) => $body,
-        }
-    }};
+        $(
+            impl From<$sink_type> for SinkImpl {
+                fn from(sink: $sink_type) -> SinkImpl {
+                    SinkImpl::$variant_name(sink)
+                }
+            }
+        )*
+    };
 }
 
+def_sink_impl!();
+
 impl SinkImpl {
-    pub fn new(cfg: SinkConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(match cfg {
-            SinkConfig::Redis(cfg) => SinkImpl::Redis(RedisSink::new(cfg, param.schema())?),
-            SinkConfig::Kafka(cfg) => SinkImpl::Kafka(KafkaSink::new(*cfg, param)),
-            SinkConfig::Kinesis(cfg) => SinkImpl::Kinesis(KinesisSink::new(*cfg, param)),
-            SinkConfig::Remote(cfg) => SinkImpl::Remote(RemoteSink::new(cfg, param)),
-            SinkConfig::Pulsar(cfg) => SinkImpl::Pulsar(PulsarSink::new(cfg, param)),
-            SinkConfig::BlackHole => SinkImpl::BlackHole(BlackHoleSink),
-            SinkConfig::ClickHouse(cfg) => SinkImpl::ClickHouse(ClickHouseSink::new(
-                *cfg,
-                param.schema(),
-                param.downstream_pk,
-                param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
-            )?),
-            SinkConfig::Iceberg(cfg) => SinkImpl::Iceberg(IcebergSink::new(cfg, param)?),
-            SinkConfig::Nats(cfg) => SinkImpl::Nats(NatsSink::new(
-                cfg,
-                param.schema(),
-                param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
-            )),
-            SinkConfig::RemoteIceberg(cfg) => {
-                SinkImpl::RemoteIceberg(CoordinatedRemoteSink(RemoteSink::new(cfg, param)))
-            }
-            #[cfg(any(test, madsim))]
-            SinkConfig::Test => SinkImpl::TestSink(build_test_sink(param)?),
-            SinkConfig::Doris(cfg) => SinkImpl::Doris(DorisSink::new(
-                *cfg,
-                param.schema(),
-                param.downstream_pk,
-                param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
-            )?),
-        })
+    pub fn get_connector(&self) -> &'static str {
+        fn get_name<S: Sink>(_: &S) -> &'static str {
+            S::SINK_NAME
+        }
+        dispatch_sink!(self, sink, get_name(sink))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
index 57b9e572c0615..1a126eb2c74d2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use super::utils::chunk_to_json;
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::NatsCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
-use crate::sink::{Result, Sink, SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY};
+use crate::sink::{Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY};
 
 pub const NATS_SINK: &str = "nats";
 
@@ -71,21 +71,26 @@ impl NatsConfig {
     }
 }
 
-impl NatsSink {
-    pub fn new(config: NatsConfig, schema: Schema, is_append_only: bool) -> Self {
-        Self {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for NatsSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = NatsConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
+        Ok(Self {
             config,
             schema,
-            is_append_only,
-        }
+            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+        })
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl Sink for NatsSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = NatsSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = NATS_SINK;
+
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.is_append_only {
             return Err(SinkError::Nats(anyhow!(
@@ -105,7 +110,7 @@ impl Sink for NatsSink {
     }
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(NatsSinkWriter::new(self.config.clone(), self.schema.clone()).await?)
+        NatsSinkWriter::new(self.config.clone(), self.schema.clone()).await
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index 8dc478f7dd82d..df13c2b4c7d01 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -145,24 +145,29 @@ pub struct PulsarSink {
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
 
-impl PulsarSink {
-    pub fn new(config: PulsarConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Self {
-        Self {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for PulsarSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let schema = param.schema();
+        let config = PulsarConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties)?;
+        Ok(Self {
             config,
-            schema: param.schema(),
+            schema,
             downstream_pk: param.downstream_pk,
             is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl Sink for PulsarSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = PulsarSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = PULSAR_SINK;
+
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
         PulsarSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
index f7957335aa1e3..8cd0875300d29 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 
-use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+use crate::sink::{
+    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct RedisConfig;
@@ -24,17 +25,20 @@ pub struct RedisConfig;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RedisSink;
 
-impl RedisSink {
-    pub fn new(_cfg: RedisConfig, _schema: Schema) -> Result<Self> {
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for RedisSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(_param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl Sink for RedisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
     type Writer = RedisSinkWriter;
 
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "redis";
+
     async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
         todo!()
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index f6fa615e44c53..51195ac366a27 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use jni::objects::{JByteArray, JValue, JValueOwned};
 use prost::Message;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::JVM;
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ use tracing::{error, warn};
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
-use crate::sink::iceberg::REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK;
 use crate::sink::SinkError::Remote;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkParam,
@@ -53,68 +51,58 @@ use crate::sink::{
 };
 use crate::ConnectorParams;
 
-pub const VALID_REMOTE_SINKS: [&str; 5] = [
-    "jdbc",
-    REMOTE_ICEBERG_SINK,
-    "deltalake",
-    "elasticsearch",
-    "cassandra",
-];
-
-pub fn is_valid_remote_sink(connector_type: &str) -> bool {
-    VALID_REMOTE_SINKS.contains(&connector_type)
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RemoteConfig {
-    pub connector_type: String,
-    pub properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+macro_rules! def_remote_sink {
+    () => {
+        def_remote_sink! {
+            { ElasticSearch, ElasticSearchSink, "elasticsearch" },
+            { Cassandra, CassandraSink, "cassandra" },
+            { Jdbc, JdbcSink, "jdbc" },
+            { DeltaLake, DeltaLakeSink, "deltalake" }
+        }
+    };
+    ($({ $variant_name:ident, $sink_type_name:ident, $sink_name:expr }),*) => {
+        $(
+            #[derive(Debug)]
+            pub struct $variant_name;
+            impl RemoteSinkTrait for $variant_name {
+                const SINK_NAME: &'static str = $sink_name;
+            }
+            pub type $sink_type_name = RemoteSink<$variant_name>;
+        )*
+    };
 }
 
-impl RemoteConfig {
-    pub fn from_hashmap(values: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let connector_type = values
-            .get("connector")
-            .expect("sink type must be specified")
-            .to_string();
-
-        if !is_valid_remote_sink(connector_type.as_str()) {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "invalid connector type: {connector_type}"
-            )));
-        }
+def_remote_sink!();
 
-        Ok(RemoteConfig {
-            connector_type,
-            properties: values,
-        })
-    }
+pub trait RemoteSinkTrait: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RemoteSink {
-    config: RemoteConfig,
+pub struct RemoteSink<R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
     param: SinkParam,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<R>,
 }
 
-impl RemoteSink {
-    pub fn new(config: RemoteConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Self {
-        Self { config, param }
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> TryFrom<SinkParam> for RemoteSink<R> {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            param,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl Sink for RemoteSink {
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for RemoteSink<R> {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = RemoteSinkWriter;
+    type Writer = RemoteSinkWriter<R>;
+
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = R::SINK_NAME;
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(RemoteSinkWriter::new(
-            self.config.clone(),
-            self.param.clone(),
-            writer_param.connector_params,
-        )
-        .await?)
+        RemoteSinkWriter::new(self.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params).await
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -195,19 +183,28 @@ impl Sink for RemoteSink {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct CoordinatedRemoteSink(pub RemoteSink);
+pub struct CoordinatedRemoteSink<R: RemoteSinkTrait>(pub RemoteSink<R>);
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink {
-    type Coordinator = RemoteCoordinator;
-    type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter>;
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> TryFrom<SinkParam> for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        RemoteSink::try_from(param).map(Self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
+    type Coordinator = RemoteCoordinator<R>;
+    type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R>>;
+
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = R::SINK_NAME;
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.0.validate().await
     }
 
     async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
+        CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
             writer_param
                 .meta_client
                 .expect("should have meta client")
@@ -219,50 +216,40 @@ impl Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink {
                     "sink needs coordination should not have singleton input"
                 ))
             })?,
-            CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter::new(
-                self.0.config.clone(),
-                self.0.param.clone(),
-                writer_param.connector_params,
-            )
-            .await?,
+            CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter::new(self.0.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params)
+                .await?,
         )
-        .await?)
+        .await
     }
 
     async fn new_coordinator(
         &self,
         connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
     ) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
-        Ok(RemoteCoordinator::new(
+        RemoteCoordinator::new(
             connector_client
                 .ok_or_else(|| Remote(anyhow_error!("no connector client specified")))?,
             self.0.param.clone(),
         )
-        .await?)
+        .await
     }
 }
 
-pub type RemoteSinkWriter = RemoteSinkWriterInner<()>;
-pub type CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter = RemoteSinkWriterInner<Option<SinkMetadata>>;
+pub type RemoteSinkWriter<R> = RemoteSinkWriterInner<(), R>;
+pub type CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R> = RemoteSinkWriterInner<Option<SinkMetadata>, R>;
 
-pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
-    pub connector_type: String,
+pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
     properties: HashMap<String, String>,
     epoch: Option<u64>,
     batch_id: u64,
-    schema: Schema,
     payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat,
     stream_handle: SinkWriterStreamHandle,
     json_encoder: JsonEncoder,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<SM>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(SM, R)>,
 }
 
-impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
-    pub async fn new(
-        config: RemoteConfig,
-        param: SinkParam,
-        connector_params: ConnectorParams,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
+    pub async fn new(param: SinkParam, connector_params: ConnectorParams) -> Result<Self> {
         let client = connector_params.connector_client.ok_or_else(|| {
             SinkError::Remote(anyhow_error!(
                 "connector node endpoint not specified or unable to connect to connector node"
@@ -274,24 +261,25 @@ impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
             .inspect_err(|e| {
                 error!(
                     "failed to start sink stream for connector `{}`: {:?}",
-                    &config.connector_type, e
+                    R::SINK_NAME,
+                    e
                 )
             })?;
         tracing::trace!(
             "{:?} sink stream started with properties: {:?}",
-            &config.connector_type,
-            &config.properties
+            R::SINK_NAME,
+            &param.properties
         );
 
+        let schema = param.schema();
+
         Ok(Self {
-            connector_type: config.connector_type,
-            properties: config.properties,
+            properties: param.properties,
             epoch: None,
             batch_id: 0,
-            schema: param.schema(),
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: connector_params.sink_payload_format,
-            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(param.schema(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
+            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         })
     }
@@ -300,8 +288,8 @@ impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
     fn for_test(
         response_receiver: UnboundedReceiver<std::result::Result<SinkWriterStreamResponse, Status>>,
         request_sender: Sender<SinkWriterStreamRequest>,
-    ) -> RemoteSinkWriter {
-        use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
+    ) -> RemoteSinkWriter<R> {
+        use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
         let properties = HashMap::from([("output.path".to_string(), "/tmp/rw".to_string())]);
 
         let schema = Schema::new(vec![
@@ -328,12 +316,10 @@ impl<SM> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM> {
         );
 
         RemoteSinkWriter {
-            connector_type: "file".to_string(),
             properties,
             epoch: None,
             batch_id: 0,
-            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema.clone(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
-            schema,
+            json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat::Json,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
@@ -347,7 +333,7 @@ trait HandleBarrierResponse {
     fn non_checkpoint_return_value() -> Self::SinkMetadata;
 }
 
-impl HandleBarrierResponse for RemoteSinkWriter {
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> HandleBarrierResponse for RemoteSinkWriter<R> {
     type SinkMetadata = ();
 
     fn handle_commit_response(rsp: CommitResponse) -> Result<Self::SinkMetadata> {
@@ -360,7 +346,7 @@ impl HandleBarrierResponse for RemoteSinkWriter {
     fn non_checkpoint_return_value() -> Self::SinkMetadata {}
 }
 
-impl HandleBarrierResponse for CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter {
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> HandleBarrierResponse for CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R> {
     type SinkMetadata = Option<SinkMetadata>;
 
     fn handle_commit_response(rsp: CommitResponse) -> Result<Self::SinkMetadata> {
@@ -379,7 +365,7 @@ impl HandleBarrierResponse for CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter {
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl<SM: Send + 'static> SinkWriter for RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM>
+impl<SM: Send + 'static, R: RemoteSinkTrait> SinkWriter for RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R>
 where
     Self: HandleBarrierResponse<SinkMetadata = SM>,
 {
@@ -449,21 +435,25 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub struct RemoteCoordinator {
+pub struct RemoteCoordinator<R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
     stream_handle: SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<R>,
 }
 
-impl RemoteCoordinator {
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteCoordinator<R> {
     pub async fn new(client: ConnectorClient, param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
         let stream_handle = client
             .start_sink_coordinator_stream(param.to_proto())
             .await?;
-        Ok(RemoteCoordinator { stream_handle })
+        Ok(RemoteCoordinator {
+            stream_handle,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl SinkCommitCoordinator for RemoteCoordinator {
+impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> SinkCommitCoordinator for RemoteCoordinator<R> {
     async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -486,15 +476,20 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_pb::data;
     use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
-    use crate::sink::remote::RemoteSinkWriter;
+    use crate::sink::remote::{RemoteSinkTrait, RemoteSinkWriter};
     use crate::sink::SinkWriter;
 
+    struct TestRemote;
+    impl RemoteSinkTrait for TestRemote {
+        const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "test-remote";
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_epoch_check() {
         let (request_sender, mut request_recv) = mpsc::channel(16);
         let (_, resp_recv) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 
-        let mut sink = RemoteSinkWriter::for_test(resp_recv, request_sender);
+        let mut sink = <RemoteSinkWriter<TestRemote>>::for_test(resp_recv, request_sender);
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " i T
             + 1 Ripper
@@ -531,7 +526,7 @@ mod test {
     async fn test_remote_sink() {
         let (request_sender, mut request_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
         let (response_sender, response_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
-        let mut sink = RemoteSinkWriter::for_test(response_receiver, request_sender);
+        let mut sink = <RemoteSinkWriter<TestRemote>>::for_test(response_receiver, request_sender);
 
         let chunk_a = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " i T
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
index d288253eb7a23..96ed91d71bb54 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
@@ -14,23 +14,57 @@
 
 use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
-use crate::sink::boxed::BoxSink;
-use crate::sink::{SinkError, SinkParam};
+use crate::sink::boxed::{BoxCoordinator, BoxWriter};
+use crate::sink::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam};
 
-pub type BuildBoxSink =
-    Box<dyn Fn(SinkParam) -> Result<BoxSink, SinkError> + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+pub trait BuildBoxWriterTrait = FnMut(SinkParam, SinkWriterParam) -> BoxWriter<()> + Send + 'static;
+
+pub type BuildBoxWriter = Box<dyn BuildBoxWriterTrait>;
 pub const TEST_SINK_NAME: &str = "test";
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct TestSink {
+    param: SinkParam,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for TestSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if cfg!(any(madsim, test)) {
+            Ok(TestSink { param })
+        } else {
+            Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!("test sink only support in test")))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sink for TestSink {
+    type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
+    type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
+
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "test";
+
+    async fn validate(&self) -> crate::sink::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::Writer> {
+        Ok(build_box_writer(self.param.clone(), writer_param))
+    }
+}
+
 struct TestSinkRegistry {
-    build_box_sink: Arc<Mutex<Option<BuildBoxSink>>>,
+    build_box_writer: Arc<Mutex<Option<BuildBoxWriter>>>,
 }
 
 impl TestSinkRegistry {
     fn new() -> Self {
         TestSinkRegistry {
-            build_box_sink: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            build_box_writer: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -44,25 +78,23 @@ pub struct TestSinkRegistryGuard;
 
 impl Drop for TestSinkRegistryGuard {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        assert!(get_registry().build_box_sink.lock().take().is_some());
+        assert!(get_registry().build_box_writer.lock().take().is_some());
     }
 }
 
-pub fn registry_build_sink(
-    build_sink: impl Fn(SinkParam) -> Result<BoxSink, SinkError> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-) -> TestSinkRegistryGuard {
+pub fn registry_build_sink(build_box_writer: impl BuildBoxWriterTrait) -> TestSinkRegistryGuard {
     assert!(get_registry()
-        .build_box_sink
+        .build_box_writer
         .lock()
-        .replace(Box::new(build_sink))
+        .replace(Box::new(build_box_writer))
         .is_none());
     TestSinkRegistryGuard
 }
 
-pub fn build_test_sink(param: SinkParam) -> Result<BoxSink, SinkError> {
+pub fn build_box_writer(param: SinkParam, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> BoxWriter<()> {
     (get_registry()
-        .build_box_sink
+        .build_box_writer
         .lock()
-        .as_ref()
-        .expect("should not be empty"))(param)
+        .as_mut()
+        .expect("should not be empty"))(param, writer_param)
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
index 4717a1ffdfe95..8544011071ec2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/sink.rs
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ pub async fn validate_sink(prost_sink_catalog: &PbSink) -> MetaResult<()> {
 
     let sink = build_sink(param)?;
 
-    dispatch_sink!(sink, sink, { Ok(sink.validate().await?) })
+    dispatch_sink!(sink, sink, Ok(sink.validate().await?))
 }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index a5715a8471c44..f2c6d9f3c8b98 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -74,32 +74,6 @@ impl Drop for TestWriter {
     }
 }
 
-struct TestSink {
-    row_counter: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-    parallelism_counter: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl Sink for TestSink {
-    type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
-    type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
-
-    async fn validate(&self) -> risingwave_connector::sink::Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn new_writer(
-        &self,
-        _writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
-    ) -> risingwave_connector::sink::Result<Self::Writer> {
-        self.parallelism_counter.fetch_add(1, Relaxed);
-        Ok(Box::new(TestWriter {
-            parallelism_counter: self.parallelism_counter.clone(),
-            row_counter: self.row_counter.clone(),
-        }))
-    }
-}
-
 fn build_stream_chunk(row_iter: impl Iterator<Item = (i32, String)>) -> StreamChunk {
     let mut builder = DataChunkBuilder::new(vec![DataType::Int32, DataType::Varchar], 100000);
     for (id, name) in row_iter {
@@ -142,11 +116,12 @@ async fn test_sink_basic() -> Result<()> {
     let _sink_guard = registry_build_sink({
         let row_counter = row_counter.clone();
         let parallelism_counter = parallelism_counter.clone();
-        move |_param| {
-            Ok(Box::new(TestSink {
+        move |_, _| {
+            parallelism_counter.fetch_add(1, Relaxed);
+            Box::new(TestWriter {
                 row_counter: row_counter.clone(),
                 parallelism_counter: parallelism_counter.clone(),
-            }))
+            })
         }
     });
 
@@ -239,11 +214,12 @@ async fn test_sink_decouple_basic() -> Result<()> {
     let _sink_guard = registry_build_sink({
         let row_counter = row_counter.clone();
         let parallelism_counter = parallelism_counter.clone();
-        move |_param| {
-            Ok(Box::new(TestSink {
+        move |_, _| {
+            parallelism_counter.fetch_add(1, Relaxed);
+            Box::new(TestWriter {
                 row_counter: row_counter.clone(),
                 parallelism_counter: parallelism_counter.clone(),
-            }))
+            })
         }
     });
 

From 1ff58bc53f445d3f01a1ddaab5f4a92f5b337ea9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 16:52:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 184/430] refactor(backup): refine error message (#12388)

---
 proto/backup_service.proto                    |  6 +--
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/meta/backup_meta.rs      | 22 +++++++--
 src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs | 48 +++++++++----------
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs    |  5 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  4 +-
 5 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/backup_service.proto b/proto/backup_service.proto
index 425d3abb24e2f..feca5f17b7dc3 100644
--- a/proto/backup_service.proto
+++ b/proto/backup_service.proto
@@ -13,11 +13,8 @@ enum BackupJobStatus {
   UNSPECIFIED = 0;
   RUNNING = 1;
   SUCCEEDED = 2;
-  // NOT_FOUND indicates one of these cases:
-  // - Invalid job id.
-  // - Job has failed.
-  // - Job has succeeded, but its resulted backup has been deleted later.
   NOT_FOUND = 3;
+  FAILED = 4;
 }
 message BackupMetaRequest {}
 message BackupMetaResponse {
@@ -29,6 +26,7 @@ message GetBackupJobStatusRequest {
 message GetBackupJobStatusResponse {
   uint64 job_id = 1;
   BackupJobStatus job_status = 2;
+  string message = 3;
 }
 message DeleteMetaSnapshotRequest {
   repeated uint64 snapshot_ids = 1;
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/meta/backup_meta.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/meta/backup_meta.rs
index 77c7f0edb7ca2..3238e22b35050 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/meta/backup_meta.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/meta/backup_meta.rs
@@ -22,21 +22,33 @@ pub async fn backup_meta(context: &CtlContext) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
     let job_id = meta_client.backup_meta().await?;
     loop {
-        let job_status = meta_client.get_backup_job_status(job_id).await?;
+        let (job_status, message) = meta_client.get_backup_job_status(job_id).await?;
         match job_status {
             BackupJobStatus::Running => {
-                tracing::info!("backup job is still running: job {}", job_id);
+                tracing::info!("backup job is still running: job {}, {}", job_id, message);
                 tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
             }
             BackupJobStatus::Succeeded => {
+                tracing::info!("backup job succeeded: job {}, {}", job_id, message);
                 break;
             }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("backup job failed: job {}", job_id));
+            BackupJobStatus::NotFound => {
+                return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    "backup job status not found: job {}, {}",
+                    job_id,
+                    message
+                ));
             }
+            BackupJobStatus::Failed => {
+                return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    "backup job failed: job {}, {}",
+                    job_id,
+                    message
+                ));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("unknown backup job status"),
         }
     }
-    tracing::info!("backup job succeeded: job {}", job_id);
     Ok(())
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
index c280572c796d4..819ea02e36346 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/backup_manager.rs
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ pub struct BackupManager {
     hummock_manager: HummockManagerRef,
     backup_store: ArcSwap<(BoxedMetaSnapshotStorage, StoreConfig)>,
     /// Tracks the running backup job. Concurrent jobs is not supported.
-    running_backup_job: tokio::sync::Mutex<Option<BackupJobHandle>>,
+    running_job_handle: tokio::sync::Mutex<Option<BackupJobHandle>>,
     metrics: BackupManagerMetrics,
     meta_metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
+    /// (job id, status, message)
+    latest_job_info: ArcSwap<(MetaBackupJobId, BackupJobStatus, String)>,
 }
 
 impl BackupManager {
@@ -147,9 +149,10 @@ impl BackupManager {
             env,
             hummock_manager,
             backup_store: ArcSwap::from_pointee(backup_store),
-            running_backup_job: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(None),
+            running_job_handle: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(None),
             metrics: BackupManagerMetrics::default(),
             meta_metrics,
+            latest_job_info: ArcSwap::from_pointee((0, BackupJobStatus::NotFound, "".into())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ impl BackupManager {
     /// Starts a backup job in background. It's non-blocking.
     /// Returns job id.
     pub async fn start_backup_job(self: &Arc<Self>) -> MetaResult<MetaBackupJobId> {
-        let mut guard = self.running_backup_job.lock().await;
+        let mut guard = self.running_job_handle.lock().await;
         if let Some(job) = (*guard).as_ref() {
             bail!(format!(
                 "concurrent backup job is not supported: existent job {}",
@@ -213,6 +216,8 @@ impl BackupManager {
             .id_gen_manager()
             .generate::<{ IdCategory::Backup }>()
             .await?;
+        self.latest_job_info
+            .store(Arc::new((job_id, BackupJobStatus::Running, "".into())));
         let hummock_version_safe_point = self.hummock_manager.register_safe_point().await;
         // Ideally `BackupWorker` and its r/w IO can be made external to meta node.
         // The justification of keeping `BackupWorker` in meta node are:
@@ -227,27 +232,12 @@ impl BackupManager {
         Ok(job_id)
     }
 
-    pub async fn get_backup_job_status(
-        &self,
-        job_id: MetaBackupJobId,
-    ) -> MetaResult<BackupJobStatus> {
-        if let Some(running_job) = self.running_backup_job.lock().await.as_ref() {
-            if running_job.job_id == job_id {
-                return Ok(BackupJobStatus::Running);
-            }
-        }
-        if self
-            .backup_store
-            .load()
-            .0
-            .manifest()
-            .snapshot_metadata
-            .iter()
-            .any(|m| m.id == job_id)
-        {
-            return Ok(BackupJobStatus::Succeeded);
+    pub fn get_backup_job_status(&self, job_id: MetaBackupJobId) -> (BackupJobStatus, String) {
+        let last = self.latest_job_info.load();
+        if last.0 == job_id {
+            return (last.1, last.2.clone());
         }
-        Ok(BackupJobStatus::NotFound)
+        (BackupJobStatus::NotFound, "".into())
     }
 
     async fn finish_backup_job(&self, job_id: MetaBackupJobId, job_result: BackupJobResult) {
@@ -269,16 +259,24 @@ impl BackupManager {
                             id: self.backup_store.load().0.manifest().manifest_id,
                         }),
                     );
+                self.latest_job_info.store(Arc::new((
+                    job_id,
+                    BackupJobStatus::Succeeded,
+                    "".into(),
+                )));
             }
             BackupJobResult::Failed(e) => {
                 self.metrics.job_latency_failure.observe(job_latency);
-                tracing::warn!("failed backup job {}: {}", job_id, e);
+                let message = format!("failed backup job {}: {}", job_id, e);
+                tracing::warn!(message);
+                self.latest_job_info
+                    .store(Arc::new((job_id, BackupJobStatus::Failed, message)));
             }
         }
     }
 
     async fn take_job_handle_by_job_id(&self, job_id: u64) -> Option<BackupJobHandle> {
-        let mut guard = self.running_backup_job.lock().await;
+        let mut guard = self.running_job_handle.lock().await;
         match (*guard).as_ref() {
             None => {
                 return None;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs
index 22897d8bb770e..d83b4d0d1e8e4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs
@@ -49,10 +49,11 @@ impl BackupService for BackupServiceImpl {
         request: Request<GetBackupJobStatusRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<GetBackupJobStatusResponse>, Status> {
         let job_id = request.into_inner().job_id;
-        let job_status = self.backup_manager.get_backup_job_status(job_id).await? as _;
+        let (job_status, message) = self.backup_manager.get_backup_job_status(job_id);
         Ok(Response::new(GetBackupJobStatusResponse {
             job_id,
-            job_status,
+            job_status: job_status as _,
+            message,
         }))
     }
 
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 357cd4cf37f1d..35f69aaa74fbd 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -936,10 +936,10 @@ impl MetaClient {
         Ok(resp.job_id)
     }
 
-    pub async fn get_backup_job_status(&self, job_id: u64) -> Result<BackupJobStatus> {
+    pub async fn get_backup_job_status(&self, job_id: u64) -> Result<(BackupJobStatus, String)> {
         let req = GetBackupJobStatusRequest { job_id };
         let resp = self.inner.get_backup_job_status(req).await?;
-        Ok(resp.job_status())
+        Ok((resp.job_status(), resp.message))
     }
 
     pub async fn delete_meta_snapshot(&self, snapshot_ids: &[u64]) -> Result<()> {

From 471bfa2c91fb4c32e94171afb49771de294cf741 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 17:21:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 185/430] feat(sink): turn sink writer into higher level log
 sinker (#12152)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/blackhole.rs           |  68 +++++
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs          |  13 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/coordinate.rs          |   3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs               |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             |  13 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  16 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  16 +-
 .../src/sink/log_store.rs}                    |  77 +++--
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 | 252 +++-------------
 src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs                |  11 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              |  12 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs               |   5 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              |  25 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs           |  11 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs              | 270 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../{log_store => log_store_impl}/in_mem.rs   |  31 +-
 .../kv_log_store/buffer.rs                    |   4 +-
 .../kv_log_store/mod.rs                       |  20 +-
 .../kv_log_store/reader.rs                    |  20 +-
 .../kv_log_store/serde.rs                     |  59 ++--
 .../kv_log_store/test_utils.rs                |   0
 .../kv_log_store/writer.rs                    |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/mod.rs   |  16 ++
 src/stream/src/common/mod.rs                  |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/error.rs                       |  10 +
 src/stream/src/executor/error.rs              |  11 -
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               | 137 ++-------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  44 ++-
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     |   3 +-
 31 files changed, 677 insertions(+), 492 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/blackhole.rs
 rename src/{stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs => connector/src/sink/log_store.rs} (80%)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/in_mem.rs (96%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/buffer.rs (98%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/mod.rs (96%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/reader.rs (96%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/serde.rs (96%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs (100%)
 rename src/stream/src/common/{log_store => log_store_impl}/kv_log_store/writer.rs (94%)
 create mode 100644 src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/mod.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 919c5a234dc00..d46a420f8b71c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6889,6 +6889,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "criterion",
  "csv",
  "duration-str",
+ "easy-ext",
  "enum-as-inner",
  "futures",
  "futures-async-stream",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 8ae92464caaaa..c919bd5ed2397 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ clickhouse = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/clickhouse.rs", rev = "6
 ] }
 csv = "1.2"
 duration-str = "0.5.1"
+easy-ext = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/blackhole.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/blackhole.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1f1ace3b0d104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/blackhole.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use crate::sink::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreReadItem, TruncateOffset};
+use crate::sink::{
+    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, LogSinker, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam,
+};
+
+pub const BLACKHOLE_SINK: &str = "blackhole";
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BlackHoleSink;
+
+impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for BlackHoleSink {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(_value: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sink for BlackHoleSink {
+    type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
+    type LogSinker = Self;
+
+    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = BLACKHOLE_SINK;
+
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl LogSinker for BlackHoleSink {
+    async fn consume_log_and_sink(self, mut log_reader: impl LogReader) -> Result<()> {
+        log_reader.init().await?;
+        loop {
+            let (epoch, item) = log_reader.next_item().await?;
+            match item {
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk_id, .. } => {
+                    log_reader
+                        .truncate(TruncateOffset::Chunk { epoch, chunk_id })
+                        .await?;
+                }
+                LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { .. } => {
+                    log_reader
+                        .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch })
+                        .await?;
+                }
+                LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index 08287b789eaf9..b9733863feccb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::ClickHouseCommon;
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
-    Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 
 pub const CLICKHOUSE_SINK: &str = "clickhouse";
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ impl ClickHouseSink {
 }
 impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = ClickHouseSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<ClickHouseSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = CLICKHOUSE_SINK;
 
@@ -243,14 +243,15 @@ impl Sink for ClickHouseSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        ClickHouseSinkWriter::new(
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(ClickHouseSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
             self.is_append_only,
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 }
 pub struct ClickHouseSinkWriter {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/coordinate.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/coordinate.rs
index bbcc7b636b17c..0b233d3c4155a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/coordinate.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/coordinate.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::{CoordinatorStreamHandle, SinkCoordinationRpcClient};
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter};
+use crate::sink::writer::SinkWriter;
+use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError, SinkParam};
 
 pub struct CoordinatedSinkWriter<W: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = Option<SinkMetadata>>> {
     epoch: u64,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
index 3e226bcb37d46..0a32e4406108b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use super::doris_connector::{DorisField, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_D
 use super::{SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
 use crate::common::DorisCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
 };
@@ -155,18 +156,19 @@ impl DorisSink {
 
 impl Sink for DorisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = DorisSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<DorisSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = DORIS_SINK;
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        DorisSinkWriter::new(
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(DorisSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
             self.is_append_only,
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 25c5aa7765114..24249531ffbf5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 use url::Url;
 
 use super::{
-    Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    Sink, SinkError, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::deserialize_bool_from_string;
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
 use crate::sink::remote::{CoordinatedRemoteSink, RemoteSinkTrait};
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{Result, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkParam};
 
 /// This iceberg sink is WIP. When it ready, we will change this name to "iceberg".
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl IcebergSink {
 
 impl Sink for IcebergSink {
     type Coordinator = IcebergSinkCommitter;
-    type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<IcebergWriter>;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<CoordinatedSinkWriter<IcebergWriter>>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = ICEBERG_SINK;
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
         let table = self.create_table().await?;
 
         let inner = IcebergWriter {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
                 .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
             table,
         };
-        CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
+        Ok(CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
             writer_param
                 .meta_client
                 .expect("should have meta client")
@@ -291,7 +291,8 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
             })?,
             inner,
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn new_coordinator(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 0cad48bbb57f6..a5a524048bfd1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -32,14 +32,15 @@ use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
 
 use super::{
-    FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
-    SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
-use crate::sink::{
-    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
+use crate::sink::writer::{
+    FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
 };
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplitEnumerator, PrivateLinkProducerContext};
 use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator};
 use crate::{
@@ -300,11 +301,11 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KafkaSink {
 
 impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = SinkWriterV1Adapter<KafkaSinkWriter>;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<SinkWriterV1Adapter<KafkaSinkWriter>>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KAFKA_SINK;
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
         Ok(SinkWriterV1Adapter::new(
             KafkaSinkWriter::new(
                 self.config.clone(),
@@ -318,7 +319,8 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
                 )?,
             )
             .await?,
-        ))
+        )
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index f16ca3905b884..bf024ba53b252 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
-use super::{FormattedSink, SinkParam};
+use super::SinkParam;
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
 use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
+use crate::sink::writer::{FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
-    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
-    SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+    SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 
 pub const KINESIS_SINK: &str = "kinesis";
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KinesisSink {
 
 impl Sink for KinesisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = KinesisSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<KinesisSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KINESIS_SINK;
 
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        KinesisSinkWriter::new(
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(KinesisSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
             self.db_name.clone(),
             self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
similarity index 80%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs
rename to src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
index 35f1a4145ec55..d8dae1db0ce19 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub mod in_mem;
-pub mod kv_log_store;
-
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::future::Future;
@@ -24,25 +21,8 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::error::ValueEncodingError;
-use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum LogStoreError {
-    #[error("EndOfLogStream")]
-    EndOfLogStream,
-
-    #[error("Storage error: {0}")]
-    StorageError(#[from] StorageError),
-
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Internal(#[from] anyhow::Error),
-
-    #[error("Value encoding error: {0}")]
-    ValueEncoding(#[from] ValueEncodingError),
-}
 
-pub type LogStoreResult<T> = Result<T, LogStoreError>;
+pub type LogStoreResult<T> = Result<T, anyhow::Error>;
 pub type ChunkId = usize;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -88,8 +68,7 @@ impl TruncateOffset {
                         "new item epoch {} not match current chunk offset epoch {}",
                         epoch,
                         offset_epoch
-                    )
-                    .into());
+                    ));
                 }
             }
             TruncateOffset::Barrier {
@@ -100,8 +79,7 @@ impl TruncateOffset {
                         "new item epoch {} not exceed barrier offset epoch {}",
                         epoch,
                         offset_epoch
-                    )
-                    .into());
+                    ));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -145,7 +123,7 @@ pub trait LogWriter {
     ) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
 }
 
-pub trait LogReader {
+pub trait LogReader: Send + Sized + 'static {
     /// Initialize the log reader. Usually function as waiting for log writer to be initialized.
     fn init(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
 
@@ -169,9 +147,54 @@ pub trait LogStoreFactory: 'static {
     fn build(self) -> impl Future<Output = (Self::Reader, Self::Writer)> + Send;
 }
 
+pub struct TransformChunkLogReader<F: Fn(StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk, R: LogReader> {
+    f: F,
+    inner: R,
+}
+
+impl<F: Fn(StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk + Send + 'static, R: LogReader> LogReader
+    for TransformChunkLogReader<F, R>
+{
+    fn init(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.inner.init()
+    }
+
+    async fn next_item(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreReadItem)> {
+        let (epoch, item) = self.inner.next_item().await?;
+        let item = match item {
+            LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id } => LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                chunk: (self.f)(chunk),
+                chunk_id,
+            },
+            other => other,
+        };
+        Ok((epoch, item))
+    }
+
+    fn truncate(
+        &mut self,
+        offset: TruncateOffset,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.inner.truncate(offset)
+    }
+}
+
+#[easy_ext::ext(LogStoreTransformChunkLogReader)]
+impl<T> T
+where
+    T: LogReader,
+{
+    pub fn transform_chunk<F: Fn(StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk + Sized>(
+        self,
+        f: F,
+    ) -> TransformChunkLogReader<F, Self> {
+        TransformChunkLogReader { f, inner: self }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::common::log_store::TruncateOffset;
+    use crate::sink::log_store::TruncateOffset;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_truncate_offset_cmp() {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index f312453481db6..c67fdb8c1983e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+pub mod blackhole;
 pub mod boxed;
 pub mod catalog;
 pub mod clickhouse;
@@ -23,20 +24,22 @@ pub mod formatter;
 pub mod iceberg;
 pub mod kafka;
 pub mod kinesis;
+pub mod log_store;
 pub mod nats;
 pub mod pulsar;
 pub mod redis;
 pub mod remote;
 pub mod test_sink;
 pub mod utils;
+pub mod writer;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::future::Future;
 
 use ::clickhouse::error::Error as ClickHouseError;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramOpts};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::{anyhow_error, ErrorCode, RwError};
@@ -48,18 +51,9 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 pub use tracing;
 
 use self::catalog::SinkType;
-use self::encoder::SerTo;
-use self::formatter::SinkFormatter;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
-pub use crate::sink::clickhouse::ClickHouseSink;
-pub use crate::sink::iceberg::{IcebergSink, RemoteIcebergSink};
-pub use crate::sink::kafka::KafkaSink;
-pub use crate::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink;
-pub use crate::sink::nats::NatsSink;
-pub use crate::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink;
-pub use crate::sink::redis::RedisSink;
-pub use crate::sink::remote::{CassandraSink, DeltaLakeSink, ElasticSearchSink, JdbcSink};
-pub use crate::sink::test_sink::TestSink;
+use crate::sink::log_store::LogReader;
+use crate::sink::writer::SinkWriter;
 use crate::ConnectorParams;
 
 #[macro_export]
@@ -67,21 +61,21 @@ macro_rules! for_all_sinks {
     ($macro:path $(, $arg:tt)*) => {
         $macro! {
             {
-                { Redis, $crate::sink::RedisSink },
-                { Kafka, $crate::sink::KafkaSink },
-                { Pulsar, $crate::sink::PulsarSink },
-                { BlackHole, $crate::sink::BlackHoleSink },
-                { Kinesis, $crate::sink::KinesisSink },
-                { ClickHouse, $crate::sink::ClickHouseSink },
-                { Iceberg, $crate::sink::IcebergSink },
-                { Nats, $crate::sink::NatsSink },
-                { RemoteIceberg, $crate::sink::RemoteIcebergSink },
-                { Jdbc, $crate::sink::JdbcSink },
-                { DeltaLake, $crate::sink::DeltaLakeSink },
-                { ElasticSearch, $crate::sink::ElasticSearchSink },
-                { Cassandra, $crate::sink::CassandraSink },
+                { Redis, $crate::sink::redis::RedisSink },
+                { Kafka, $crate::sink::kafka::KafkaSink },
+                { Pulsar, $crate::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink },
+                { BlackHole, $crate::sink::blackhole::BlackHoleSink },
+                { Kinesis, $crate::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink },
+                { ClickHouse, $crate::sink::clickhouse::ClickHouseSink },
+                { Iceberg, $crate::sink::iceberg::IcebergSink },
+                { Nats, $crate::sink::nats::NatsSink },
+                { RemoteIceberg, $crate::sink::iceberg::RemoteIcebergSink },
+                { Jdbc, $crate::sink::remote::JdbcSink },
+                { DeltaLake, $crate::sink::remote::DeltaLakeSink },
+                { ElasticSearch, $crate::sink::remote::ElasticSearchSink },
+                { Cassandra, $crate::sink::remote::CassandraSink },
                 { Doris, $crate::sink::doris::DorisSink },
-                { Test, $crate::sink::TestSink }
+                { Test, $crate::sink::test_sink::TestSink }
             }
             $(,$arg)*
         }
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@ macro_rules! match_sink_name_str {
     }};
 }
 
-pub const DOWNSTREAM_SINK_KEY: &str = "connector";
+pub const CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY: &str = "connector";
 pub const SINK_TYPE_OPTION: &str = "type";
 pub const SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY: &str = "append-only";
 pub const SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM: &str = "debezium";
@@ -201,21 +195,38 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SinkMetrics {
+    pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram,
+}
+
+impl Default for SinkMetrics {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        SinkMetrics {
+            sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram::with_opts(HistogramOpts::new(
+                "unused", "unused",
+            ))
+            .unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct SinkWriterParam {
     pub connector_params: ConnectorParams,
     pub executor_id: u64,
     pub vnode_bitmap: Option<Bitmap>,
     pub meta_client: Option<MetaClient>,
+    pub sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
 }
 
 pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str;
-    type Writer: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>;
+    type LogSinker: LogSinker;
     type Coordinator: SinkCommitCoordinator;
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()>;
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer>;
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker>;
     #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
     async fn new_coordinator(
         &self,
@@ -225,129 +236,11 @@ pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait SinkWriter: Send + 'static {
-    type CommitMetadata: Send = ();
-    /// Begin a new epoch
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// Write a stream chunk to sink
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// Receive a barrier and mark the end of current epoch. When `is_checkpoint` is true, the sink
-    /// writer should commit the current epoch.
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Self::CommitMetadata>;
-
-    /// Clean up
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Update the vnode bitmap of current sink writer
-    async fn update_vnode_bitmap(&mut self, _vnode_bitmap: Arc<Bitmap>) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-// An old version of SinkWriter for backward compatibility
-pub trait SinkWriterV1: Send + 'static {
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()>;
-
-    // the following interface is for transactions, if not supported, return Ok(())
-    // start a transaction with epoch number. Note that epoch number should be increasing.
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-    // commits the current transaction and marks all messages in the transaction success.
-    async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
-
-    // aborts the current transaction because some error happens. we should rollback to the last
-    // commit point.
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
-}
-
-/// A free-form sink that may output in multiple formats and encodings. Examples include kafka,
-/// kinesis, nats and redis.
-///
-/// The implementor specifies required key & value type (likely string or bytes), as well as how to
-/// write a single pair. The provided `write_chunk` method would handle the interaction with a
-/// `SinkFormatter`.
-///
-/// Currently kafka takes `&mut self` while kinesis takes `&self`. So we use `&mut self` in trait
-/// but implement it for `&Kinesis`. This allows us to hold `&mut &Kinesis` and `&Kinesis`
-/// simultaneously, preventing the schema clone issue propagating from kafka to kinesis.
-pub trait FormattedSink {
-    type K;
-    type V;
-    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()>;
-
-    async fn write_chunk<F: SinkFormatter>(
-        &mut self,
-        chunk: StreamChunk,
-        formatter: &F,
-    ) -> Result<()>
-    where
-        F::K: SerTo<Self::K>,
-        F::V: SerTo<Self::V>,
-    {
-        for r in formatter.format_chunk(&chunk) {
-            let (event_key_object, event_object) = r?;
-
-            self.write_one(
-                event_key_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
-                event_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
-            )
-            .await?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct SinkWriterV1Adapter<W: SinkWriterV1> {
-    is_empty: bool,
-    epoch: u64,
-    inner: W,
-}
-
-impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(inner: W) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner,
-            is_empty: true,
-            epoch: u64::MIN,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriter for SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        self.epoch = epoch;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_empty {
-            self.is_empty = false;
-            self.inner.begin_epoch(self.epoch).await?;
-        }
-        self.inner.write_batch(chunk).await
-    }
-
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        if is_checkpoint {
-            if !self.is_empty {
-                self.inner.commit().await?
-            }
-            self.is_empty = true;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.inner.abort().await
-    }
+pub trait LogSinker: Send + 'static {
+    fn consume_log_and_sink(
+        self,
+        log_reader: impl LogReader,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'static;
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -374,52 +267,8 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for DummySinkCommitCoordinator {
     }
 }
 
-pub const BLACKHOLE_SINK: &str = "blackhole";
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct BlackHoleSink;
-
-impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for BlackHoleSink {
-    type Error = SinkError;
-
-    fn try_from(_value: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(Self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Sink for BlackHoleSink {
-    type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = Self;
-
-    const SINK_NAME: &'static str = BLACKHOLE_SINK;
-
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(Self)
-    }
-
-    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl SinkWriter for BlackHoleSink {
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, _chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, _is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 impl SinkImpl {
     pub fn new(mut param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
-        const CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY: &str = "connector";
         const CONNECTION_NAME_KEY: &str = "connection.name";
         const PRIVATE_LINK_TARGET_KEY: &str = "privatelink.targets";
 
@@ -473,15 +322,6 @@ macro_rules! def_sink_impl {
 
 def_sink_impl!();
 
-impl SinkImpl {
-    pub fn get_connector(&self) -> &'static str {
-        fn get_name<S: Sink>(_: &S) -> &'static str {
-            S::SINK_NAME
-        }
-        dispatch_sink!(self, sink, get_name(sink))
-    }
-}
-
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, SinkError>;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
index 1a126eb2c74d2..8e3f3e2c18022 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/nats.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use super::utils::chunk_to_json;
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::NatsCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY};
 
 pub const NATS_SINK: &str = "nats";
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for NatsSink {
 
 impl Sink for NatsSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = NatsSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<NatsSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = NATS_SINK;
 
@@ -109,8 +110,12 @@ impl Sink for NatsSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        NatsSinkWriter::new(self.config.clone(), self.schema.clone()).await
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(
+            NatsSinkWriter::new(self.config.clone(), self.schema.clone())
+                .await?
+                .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics),
+        )
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index df13c2b4c7d01..148c4e4c9e41e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
 use super::{
-    FormattedSink, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+    Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
     SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
 };
 use crate::common::PulsarCommon;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
+use crate::sink::writer::{FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result};
 use crate::{deserialize_duration_from_string, dispatch_sink_formatter_impl};
 
@@ -164,12 +165,12 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for PulsarSink {
 
 impl Sink for PulsarSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = PulsarSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<PulsarSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = PULSAR_SINK;
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        PulsarSinkWriter::new(
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(PulsarSinkWriter::new(
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.downstream_pk.clone(),
@@ -177,7 +178,8 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
             self.db_name.clone(),
             self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
index 8cd0875300d29..e85e984821b15 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 
+use crate::sink::writer::LogSinkerOf;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
 };
@@ -35,11 +36,11 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for RedisSink {
 
 impl Sink for RedisSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = RedisSinkWriter;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<RedisSinkWriter>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "redis";
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
         todo!()
     }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 51195ac366a27..e7d20d69fbbd4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -42,12 +42,14 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Sender, UnboundedReceiver};
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{error, warn};
 
-use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder};
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
+use crate::sink::encoder::TimestampHandlingMode;
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::SinkError::Remote;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkParam,
-    SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
+    SinkWriterParam,
 };
 use crate::ConnectorParams;
 
@@ -97,12 +99,16 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> TryFrom<SinkParam> for RemoteSink<R> {
 
 impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for RemoteSink<R> {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type Writer = RemoteSinkWriter<R>;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<RemoteSinkWriter<R>>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = R::SINK_NAME;
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        RemoteSinkWriter::new(self.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params).await
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(
+            RemoteSinkWriter::new(self.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params)
+                .await?
+                .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics),
+        )
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -195,7 +201,7 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> TryFrom<SinkParam> for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
 
 impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
     type Coordinator = RemoteCoordinator<R>;
-    type Writer = CoordinatedSinkWriter<CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R>>;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<CoordinatedSinkWriter<CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R>>>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = R::SINK_NAME;
 
@@ -203,8 +209,8 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
         self.0.validate().await
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::Writer> {
-        CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
             writer_param
                 .meta_client
                 .expect("should have meta client")
@@ -219,7 +225,8 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
             CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter::new(self.0.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params)
                 .await?,
         )
-        .await
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn new_coordinator(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
index 96ed91d71bb54..6f327ceaf9cbc 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/test_sink.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
 use crate::sink::boxed::{BoxCoordinator, BoxWriter};
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam};
 
 pub trait BuildBoxWriterTrait = FnMut(SinkParam, SinkWriterParam) -> BoxWriter<()> + Send + 'static;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for TestSink {
 
 impl Sink for TestSink {
     type Coordinator = BoxCoordinator;
-    type Writer = BoxWriter<()>;
+    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<BoxWriter<()>>;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "test";
 
@@ -52,8 +53,12 @@ impl Sink for TestSink {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn new_writer(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::Writer> {
-        Ok(build_box_writer(self.param.clone(), writer_param))
+    async fn new_log_sinker(
+        &self,
+        writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
+    ) -> crate::sink::Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        let metrics = writer_param.sink_metrics.clone();
+        Ok(build_box_writer(self.param.clone(), writer_param).into_log_sinker(metrics))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..94f1312853593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+
+use crate::sink::encoder::SerTo;
+use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatter;
+use crate::sink::log_store::{LogReader, LogStoreReadItem, TruncateOffset};
+use crate::sink::{LogSinker, Result, SinkMetrics};
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait SinkWriter: Send + 'static {
+    type CommitMetadata: Send = ();
+    /// Begin a new epoch
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Write a stream chunk to sink
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Receive a barrier and mark the end of current epoch. When `is_checkpoint` is true, the sink
+    /// writer should commit the current epoch.
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Self::CommitMetadata>;
+
+    /// Clean up
+    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Update the vnode bitmap of current sink writer
+    async fn update_vnode_bitmap(&mut self, _vnode_bitmap: Arc<Bitmap>) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: remove this trait after KafkaSinkWriter implements SinkWriter
+#[async_trait]
+// An old version of SinkWriter for backward compatibility
+pub trait SinkWriterV1: Send + 'static {
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()>;
+
+    // the following interface is for transactions, if not supported, return Ok(())
+    // start a transaction with epoch number. Note that epoch number should be increasing.
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()>;
+
+    // commits the current transaction and marks all messages in the transaction success.
+    async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
+
+    // aborts the current transaction because some error happens. we should rollback to the last
+    // commit point.
+    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+/// A free-form sink that may output in multiple formats and encodings. Examples include kafka,
+/// kinesis, nats and redis.
+///
+/// The implementor specifies required key & value type (likely string or bytes), as well as how to
+/// write a single pair. The provided `write_chunk` method would handle the interaction with a
+/// `SinkFormatter`.
+///
+/// Currently kafka takes `&mut self` while kinesis takes `&self`. So we use `&mut self` in trait
+/// but implement it for `&Kinesis`. This allows us to hold `&mut &Kinesis` and `&Kinesis`
+/// simultaneously, preventing the schema clone issue propagating from kafka to kinesis.
+pub trait FormattedSink {
+    type K;
+    type V;
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()>;
+
+    async fn write_chunk<F: SinkFormatter>(
+        &mut self,
+        chunk: StreamChunk,
+        formatter: &F,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        F::K: SerTo<Self::K>,
+        F::V: SerTo<Self::V>,
+    {
+        for r in formatter.format_chunk(&chunk) {
+            let (event_key_object, event_object) = r?;
+
+            self.write_one(
+                event_key_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
+                event_object.map(SerTo::ser_to).transpose()?,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SinkWriterV1Adapter<W: SinkWriterV1> {
+    is_empty: bool,
+    epoch: u64,
+    inner: W,
+}
+
+impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(inner: W) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            is_empty: true,
+            epoch: u64::MIN,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriter for SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.epoch = epoch;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_empty {
+            self.is_empty = false;
+            self.inner.begin_epoch(self.epoch).await?;
+        }
+        self.inner.write_batch(chunk).await
+    }
+
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        if is_checkpoint {
+            if !self.is_empty {
+                self.inner.commit().await?
+            }
+            self.is_empty = true;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.inner.abort().await
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct LogSinkerOf<W: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>> {
+    writer: W,
+    sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
+}
+
+impl<W: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>> LogSinkerOf<W> {
+    pub fn new(writer: W, sink_metrics: SinkMetrics) -> Self {
+        LogSinkerOf {
+            writer,
+            sink_metrics,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>> LogSinker for LogSinkerOf<W> {
+    async fn consume_log_and_sink(self, mut log_reader: impl LogReader) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut sink_writer = self.writer;
+        let sink_metrics = self.sink_metrics;
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        enum LogConsumerState {
+            /// Mark that the log consumer is not initialized yet
+            Uninitialized,
+
+            /// Mark that a new epoch has begun.
+            EpochBegun { curr_epoch: u64 },
+
+            /// Mark that the consumer has just received a barrier
+            BarrierReceived { prev_epoch: u64 },
+        }
+
+        let mut state = LogConsumerState::Uninitialized;
+
+        log_reader.init().await?;
+
+        loop {
+            let (epoch, item): (u64, LogStoreReadItem) = log_reader.next_item().await?;
+            if let LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(_) = &item {
+                match &state {
+                    LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { .. } => {}
+                    _ => unreachable!(
+                        "update vnode bitmap can be accepted only right after \
+                    barrier, but current state is {:?}",
+                        state
+                    ),
+                }
+            }
+            // begin_epoch when not previously began
+            state = match state {
+                LogConsumerState::Uninitialized => {
+                    sink_writer.begin_epoch(epoch).await?;
+                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
+                }
+                LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => {
+                    assert!(
+                        epoch >= curr_epoch,
+                        "new epoch {} should not be below the current epoch {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        curr_epoch
+                    );
+                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
+                }
+                LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { prev_epoch } => {
+                    assert!(
+                        epoch > prev_epoch,
+                        "new epoch {} should be greater than prev epoch {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        prev_epoch
+                    );
+                    sink_writer.begin_epoch(epoch).await?;
+                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
+                }
+            };
+            match item {
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. } => {
+                    if let Err(e) = sink_writer.write_batch(chunk).await {
+                        sink_writer.abort().await?;
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+                    let prev_epoch = match state {
+                        LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => curr_epoch,
+                        _ => unreachable!("epoch must have begun before handling barrier"),
+                    };
+                    if is_checkpoint {
+                        let start_time = Instant::now();
+                        sink_writer.barrier(true).await?;
+                        sink_metrics
+                            .sink_commit_duration_metrics
+                            .observe(start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as f64);
+                        log_reader
+                            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch })
+                            .await?;
+                    } else {
+                        sink_writer.barrier(false).await?;
+                    }
+                    state = LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { prev_epoch }
+                }
+                LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(vnode_bitmap) => {
+                    sink_writer.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap).await?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[easy_ext::ext(SinkWriterExt)]
+impl<T> T
+where
+    T: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()> + Sized,
+{
+    pub fn into_log_sinker(self, sink_metrics: SinkMetrics) -> LogSinkerOf<Self> {
+        LogSinkerOf {
+            writer: self,
+            sink_metrics,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/in_mem.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/in_mem.rs
index 01192f951b843..35040be82c93b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/in_mem.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/in_mem.rs
@@ -18,16 +18,15 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{EpochPair, INVALID_EPOCH};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
+    LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
+};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{
     channel, unbounded_channel, Receiver, Sender, UnboundedReceiver, UnboundedSender,
 };
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 
-use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::LogReaderEpochProgress::{AwaitingTruncate, Consuming};
-use crate::common::log_store::{
-    LogReader, LogStoreError, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, LogWriter,
-    TruncateOffset,
-};
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::in_mem::LogReaderEpochProgress::{AwaitingTruncate, Consuming};
 
 enum InMemLogStoreItem {
     StreamChunk(StreamChunk),
@@ -193,10 +192,9 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
                 },
                 AwaitingTruncate { .. } => Err(anyhow!(
                     "should not call next_item on checkpoint barrier for in-mem log store"
-                )
-                .into()),
+                )),
             },
-            None => Err(LogStoreError::EndOfLogStream),
+            None => Err(anyhow!("end of log stream")),
         }
     }
 
@@ -207,8 +205,7 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
                 "truncate offset {:?} but prev truncate offset is {:?}",
                 offset,
                 self.truncate_offset
-            )
-            .into());
+            ));
         }
 
         // check the truncate offset does not exceed the latest possible offset
@@ -217,8 +214,7 @@ impl LogReader for BoundedInMemLogStoreReader {
                 "truncate at {:?} but latest offset is {:?}",
                 offset,
                 self.latest_offset
-            )
-            .into());
+            ));
         }
 
         if let AwaitingTruncate {
@@ -288,11 +284,10 @@ impl LogWriter for BoundedInMemLogStoreWriter {
     }
 
     async fn update_vnode_bitmap(&mut self, new_vnodes: Arc<Bitmap>) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
-        Ok(self
-            .item_tx
+        self.item_tx
             .send(InMemLogStoreItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(new_vnodes))
             .await
-            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send vnode bitmap"))?)
+            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("unable to send vnode bitmap"))
     }
 }
 
@@ -305,11 +300,11 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::Op;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
-
-    use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
-    use crate::common::log_store::{
+    use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
         LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
     };
+
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
     use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
index b478123e6d9cb..fc3a4b569f7da 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{ChunkId, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset};
 use tokio::sync::{oneshot, Notify};
 
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::{ReaderTruncationOffsetType, SeqIdType};
-use crate::common::log_store::{ChunkId, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset};
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{ReaderTruncationOffsetType, SeqIdType};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) enum LogStoreBufferItem {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index dc27d1f63b3e8..a84850b04f069 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::LogStoreFactory;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_storage::store::NewLocalOptions;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::buffer::new_log_store_buffer;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::reader::KvLogStoreReader;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::writer::KvLogStoreWriter;
-use crate::common::log_store::LogStoreFactory;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::new_log_store_buffer;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::reader::KvLogStoreReader;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::writer::KvLogStoreWriter;
 
 mod buffer;
 mod reader;
@@ -102,18 +102,18 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogStoreFactory for KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
+    use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
+        LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
+    };
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockReadEpoch;
     use risingwave_hummock_test::test_utils::prepare_hummock_test_env;
     use risingwave_storage::store::SyncResult;
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
-    use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
         gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
     };
-    use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
-    use crate::common::log_store::{
-        LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
-    };
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_basic() {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index 2d01ab3bc0b9d..4336c3d961626 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -22,18 +22,20 @@ use futures::stream::select_all;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
+    LogReader, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset,
+};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::CachePolicy;
 use risingwave_storage::store::{PrefetchOptions, ReadOptions};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::buffer::{LogStoreBufferItem, LogStoreBufferReceiver};
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::{
-    new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::{
+    LogStoreBufferItem, LogStoreBufferReceiver,
 };
-use crate::common::log_store::{
-    LogReader, LogStoreError, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset,
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::{
+    new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
 };
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
                     // Use u64::MAX here because the epoch to consume may be below the safe
                     // epoch
                     async move {
-                        Ok::<_, LogStoreError>(Box::pin(
+                        Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(Box::pin(
                             state_store
                                 .iter(
                                     (Included(range_start), Included(range_end)),
@@ -233,16 +235,14 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
                 "truncate at a later offset {:?} than the current latest offset {:?}",
                 offset,
                 self.latest_offset
-            )
-            .into());
+            ));
         }
         if offset <= self.truncate_offset {
             return Err(anyhow!(
                 "truncate offset {:?} earlier than prev truncate offset {:?}",
                 offset,
                 self.truncate_offset
-            )
-            .into());
+            ));
         }
         if offset.epoch() >= self.first_write_epoch.expect("should have init") {
             self.rx.truncate(offset);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
index 627aee6c22f2f..2aa01c42af196 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/serde.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{
     BasicSerde, ValueRowDeserializer, ValueRowSerializer,
 };
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::LogStoreResult;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TableKey};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::row_serde_util::serialize_pk_with_vnode;
@@ -45,10 +46,9 @@ use risingwave_storage::row_serde::value_serde::ValueRowSerdeNew;
 use risingwave_storage::store::StateStoreReadIterStream;
 use risingwave_storage::table::{compute_vnode, Distribution};
 
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::{
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{
     ReaderTruncationOffsetType, RowOpCodeType, SeqIdType,
 };
-use crate::common::log_store::{LogStoreError, LogStoreResult};
 
 const INSERT_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 1;
 const DELETE_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 2;
@@ -313,34 +313,32 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
             match self.deserialize(value)? {
                 (epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row }) => {
                     if epoch != expected_epoch {
-                        return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                        return Err(anyhow!(
                             "decoded epoch {} not match expected epoch {}",
                             epoch,
                             expected_epoch
-                        )));
+                        ));
                     }
                     ops.push(op);
                     if ops.len() > size_bound {
-                        return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                        return Err(anyhow!(
                             "row count {} exceed size bound {}",
                             ops.len(),
                             size_bound
-                        )));
+                        ));
                     }
                     assert!(data_chunk_builder.append_one_row(row).is_none());
                 }
                 (_, LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { .. }) => {
-                    return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
-                        "should not get barrier when decoding stream chunk"
-                    )));
+                    return Err(anyhow!("should not get barrier when decoding stream chunk"));
                 }
             }
         }
         if ops.is_empty() {
-            return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+            return Err(anyhow!(
                 "should not get empty row when decoding stream chunk. start seq id: {}, end seq id {}",
                 start_seq_id,
-                end_seq_id))
+                end_seq_id)
             );
         }
         Ok(StreamChunk::from_parts(
@@ -405,11 +403,11 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
             StreamState::AllConsumingRow { curr_epoch }
             | StreamState::BarrierAligning { curr_epoch, .. } => {
                 if *curr_epoch != epoch {
-                    Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    Err(anyhow!(
                         "epoch {} does not match with current epoch {}",
                         epoch,
                         curr_epoch
-                    )))
+                    ))
                 } else {
                     Ok(())
                 }
@@ -417,11 +415,11 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
 
             StreamState::BarrierEmitted { prev_epoch } => {
                 if *prev_epoch >= epoch {
-                    Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    Err(anyhow!(
                         "epoch {} should be greater than prev epoch {}",
                         epoch,
                         prev_epoch
-                    )))
+                    ))
                 } else {
                     Ok(())
                 }
@@ -438,18 +436,18 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
             if is_checkpoint == *curr_is_checkpoint {
                 Ok(())
             } else {
-                Err(LogStoreError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                Err(anyhow!(
                     "current aligning barrier is_checkpoint: {}, current barrier is_checkpoint {}",
                     curr_is_checkpoint,
                     is_checkpoint
-                )))
+                ))
             }
         } else {
             Ok(())
         }
     }
 
-    #[try_stream(ok = (u64, KvLogStoreItem), error = LogStoreError)]
+    #[try_stream(ok = (u64, KvLogStoreItem), error = anyhow::Error)]
     async fn into_log_store_item_stream(self, chunk_size: usize) {
         let mut ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size);
         let mut data_chunk_builder =
@@ -547,13 +545,14 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         }
         // End of stream
         match &self.stream_state {
-            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { .. } | StreamState::Uninitialized => {},
-            s => return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(
-                anyhow!(
-                    "when any of the stream reaches the end, it should be right after emitting an barrier. Current state: {:?}",
-                    s)
-                )
-            ),
+            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { .. } | StreamState::Uninitialized => {}
+            s => {
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "when any of the stream reaches the end, it should be right \
+                after emitting an barrier. Current state: {:?}",
+                    s
+                ));
+            }
         }
         assert!(
             self.barrier_streams.is_empty(),
@@ -562,8 +561,8 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         if cfg!(debug_assertion) {
             while let Some((opt, _stream)) = self.row_streams.next().await {
                 if let Some(result) = opt {
-                    return Err(LogStoreError::Internal(
-                        anyhow!("when any of the stream reaches the end, other stream should also reaches the end, but poll result: {:?}", result))
+                    return Err(
+                        anyhow!("when any of the stream reaches the end, other stream should also reaches the end, but poll result: {:?}", result)
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -592,14 +591,14 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::sync::oneshot;
     use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 
-    use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::{
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::{
         new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreRowOp, LogStoreRowOpStream,
         LogStoreRowSerde,
     };
-    use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
         gen_test_data, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_TABLE_ID,
     };
-    use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::SeqIdType;
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::SeqIdType;
 
     const EPOCH1: u64 = 233;
     const EPOCH2: u64 = EPOCH1 + 1;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/writer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/writer.rs
rename to src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
index 54d7db38b8570..a07757a5510a9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store/kv_log_store/writer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{VirtualNode, VnodeBitmapExt};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{LogStoreResult, LogWriter};
 use risingwave_storage::store::{InitOptions, LocalStateStore};
 
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::buffer::LogStoreBufferSender;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::{SeqIdType, FIRST_SEQ_ID};
-use crate::common::log_store::{LogStoreResult, LogWriter};
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::LogStoreBufferSender;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{SeqIdType, FIRST_SEQ_ID};
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreWriter<LS: LocalStateStore> {
     _table_id: TableId,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..633fa07f2617d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod in_mem;
+pub mod kv_log_store;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/mod.rs
index e865214cb0990..7f5111c29e03e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ pub use column_mapping::*;
 mod builder;
 pub mod cache;
 mod column_mapping;
-pub mod log_store;
+pub mod log_store_impl;
 pub mod metrics;
 pub mod table;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/error.rs b/src/stream/src/error.rs
index b737de4d2560b..2930cda31747e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/error.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::backtrace::Backtrace;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ArrayError;
 use risingwave_connector::error::ConnectorError;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkError;
 use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 use risingwave_pb::PbFieldNotFound;
 use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@ enum ErrorKind {
     #[error("Executor error: {0:?}")]
     Executor(#[source] StreamExecutorError),
 
+    #[error("Sink error: {0:?}")]
+    Sink(#[source] SinkError),
+
     #[error(transparent)]
     Internal(anyhow::Error),
 }
@@ -115,6 +119,12 @@ impl From<StreamExecutorError> for StreamError {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<SinkError> for StreamError {
+    fn from(value: SinkError) -> Self {
+        ErrorKind::Sink(value).into()
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<PbFieldNotFound> for StreamError {
     fn from(err: PbFieldNotFound) -> Self {
         Self::from(anyhow::anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/error.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/error.rs
index 32d7ee8479110..b1e436c841577 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/error.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/error.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use risingwave_rpc_client::error::RpcError;
 use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
 
 use super::Barrier;
-use crate::common::log_store::LogStoreError;
 
 /// A specialized Result type for streaming executors.
 pub type StreamExecutorResult<T> = std::result::Result<T, StreamExecutorError>;
@@ -54,9 +53,6 @@ enum ErrorKind {
         StorageError,
     ),
 
-    #[error("Log store error: {0}")]
-    LogStoreError(#[source] LogStoreError),
-
     #[error("Chunk operation error: {0}")]
     ArrayError(#[source] ArrayError),
 
@@ -154,13 +150,6 @@ impl From<StorageError> for StreamExecutorError {
     }
 }
 
-/// Log store error
-impl From<LogStoreError> for StreamExecutorError {
-    fn from(e: LogStoreError) -> Self {
-        ErrorKind::LogStoreError(e).into()
-    }
-}
-
 /// Chunk operation error.
 impl From<ArrayError> for StreamExecutorError {
     fn from(e: ArrayError) -> Self {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index b36a5613ba7bb..14394073e8df7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -13,34 +13,33 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Instant;
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::stream::select;
 use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use prometheus::Histogram;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunkMut;
 use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkType;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
+    LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreTransformChunkLogReader, LogWriter,
+};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
-    build_sink, Sink, SinkImpl, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
+    build_sink, LogSinker, Sink, SinkImpl, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam,
 };
 
 use super::error::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult};
 use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
-use crate::common::log_store::{
-    LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
-};
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{expect_first_barrier, ActorContextRef, BoxedMessageStream};
 
 pub struct SinkExecutor<F: LogStoreFactory> {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
-    metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
+    _metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     sink: SinkImpl,
     identity: String,
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
@@ -53,10 +52,6 @@ pub struct SinkExecutor<F: LogStoreFactory> {
     sink_writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
 }
 
-struct SinkMetrics {
-    sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram,
-}
-
 // Drop all the DELETE messages in this chunk and convert UPDATE INSERT into INSERT.
 fn force_append_only(c: StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk {
     let mut c: StreamChunkMut = c.into();
@@ -91,7 +86,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             .collect();
         Ok(Self {
             input,
-            metrics,
+            _metrics: metrics,
             sink,
             identity: format!("SinkExecutor {:X?}", sink_writer_param.executor_id),
             pk_indices,
@@ -106,15 +101,6 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
     }
 
     fn execute_inner(self) -> BoxedMessageStream {
-        let sink_commit_duration_metrics = self
-            .metrics
-            .sink_commit_duration
-            .with_label_values(&[self.identity.as_str(), self.sink.get_connector()]);
-
-        let sink_metrics = SinkMetrics {
-            sink_commit_duration_metrics,
-        };
-
         let write_log_stream = Self::execute_write_log(
             self.input,
             self.pk_indices,
@@ -128,7 +114,6 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
                 sink,
                 self.log_reader,
                 self.input_columns,
-                sink_metrics,
                 self.sink_writer_param,
             );
             select(consume_log_stream.into_stream(), write_log_stream).boxed()
@@ -193,13 +178,11 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
 
     async fn execute_consume_log<S: Sink, R: LogReader>(
         sink: S,
-        mut log_reader: R,
+        log_reader: R,
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
-        sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
         sink_writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Message> {
-        log_reader.init().await?;
-        let mut sink_writer = sink.new_writer(sink_writer_param).await?;
+        let log_sinker = sink.new_log_sinker(sink_writer_param).await?;
 
         let visible_columns = columns
             .iter()
@@ -207,96 +190,18 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             .filter_map(|(idx, column)| (!column.is_hidden).then_some(idx))
             .collect_vec();
 
-        #[derive(Debug)]
-        enum LogConsumerState {
-            /// Mark that the log consumer is not initialized yet
-            Uninitialized,
-
-            /// Mark that a new epoch has begun.
-            EpochBegun { curr_epoch: u64 },
-
-            /// Mark that the consumer has just received a barrier
-            BarrierReceived { prev_epoch: u64 },
-        }
-
-        let mut state = LogConsumerState::Uninitialized;
-
-        loop {
-            let (epoch, item): (u64, LogStoreReadItem) = log_reader.next_item().await?;
-            if let LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(_) = &item {
-                match &state {
-                    LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { .. } => {}
-                    _ => unreachable!(
-                        "update vnode bitmap can be accepted only right after \
-                    barrier, but current state is {:?}",
-                        state
-                    ),
-                }
-            }
-            // begin_epoch when not previously began
-            state = match state {
-                LogConsumerState::Uninitialized => {
-                    sink_writer.begin_epoch(epoch).await?;
-                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
-                }
-                LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => {
-                    assert!(
-                        epoch >= curr_epoch,
-                        "new epoch {} should not be below the current epoch {}",
-                        epoch,
-                        curr_epoch
-                    );
-                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
-                }
-                LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { prev_epoch } => {
-                    assert!(
-                        epoch > prev_epoch,
-                        "new epoch {} should be greater than prev epoch {}",
-                        epoch,
-                        prev_epoch
-                    );
-                    sink_writer.begin_epoch(epoch).await?;
-                    LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch: epoch }
-                }
-            };
-            match item {
-                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. } => {
-                    let chunk = if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
-                        // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
-                        // the downstream.
-                        chunk.project(&visible_columns)
-                    } else {
-                        chunk
-                    };
-                    if let Err(e) = sink_writer.write_batch(chunk).await {
-                        sink_writer.abort().await?;
-                        return Err(e.into());
-                    }
-                }
-                LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
-                    let prev_epoch = match state {
-                        LogConsumerState::EpochBegun { curr_epoch } => curr_epoch,
-                        _ => unreachable!("epoch must have begun before handling barrier"),
-                    };
-                    if is_checkpoint {
-                        let start_time = Instant::now();
-                        sink_writer.barrier(true).await?;
-                        sink_metrics
-                            .sink_commit_duration_metrics
-                            .observe(start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as f64);
-                        log_reader
-                            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: prev_epoch })
-                            .await?;
-                    } else {
-                        sink_writer.barrier(false).await?;
-                    }
-                    state = LogConsumerState::BarrierReceived { prev_epoch }
-                }
-                LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(vnode_bitmap) => {
-                    sink_writer.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap).await?;
-                }
+        let log_reader = log_reader.transform_chunk(move |chunk| {
+            if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
+                // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
+                // the downstream.
+                chunk.project(&visible_columns)
+            } else {
+                chunk
             }
-        }
+        });
+
+        log_sinker.consume_log_and_sink(log_reader).await?;
+        Err(anyhow!("end of stream").into())
     }
 }
 
@@ -323,7 +228,7 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, ColumnId};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::*;
     use crate::executor::ActorContext;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index a95b7fce22738..295a36376b376 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -14,15 +14,19 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnCatalog;
+use risingwave_connector::match_sink_name_str;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkType;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::{SinkParam, SinkWriterParam};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::{
+    SinkError, SinkMetrics, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{SinkLogStoreType, SinkNode};
 use risingwave_storage::dispatch_state_store;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::common::log_store::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
-use crate::common::log_store::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
 use crate::executor::SinkExecutor;
 
 pub struct SinkExecutorBuilder;
@@ -56,6 +60,27 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
             .into_iter()
             .map(ColumnCatalog::from)
             .collect_vec();
+
+        let connector = {
+            let sink_type = properties.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY).ok_or_else(|| {
+                SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing config: {}", CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY))
+            })?;
+
+            use risingwave_connector::sink::Sink;
+
+            match_sink_name_str!(
+                sink_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+                SinkType,
+                Ok(SinkType::SINK_NAME),
+                |other| {
+                    Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                        "unsupported sink connector {}",
+                        other
+                    )))
+                }
+            )
+        }?;
+
         let sink_param = SinkParam {
             sink_id,
             properties,
@@ -70,6 +95,17 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
             sink_from_name,
         };
 
+        let identity = format!("SinkExecutor {:X?}", params.executor_id);
+
+        let sink_commit_duration_metrics = stream
+            .streaming_metrics
+            .sink_commit_duration
+            .with_label_values(&[identity.as_str(), connector]);
+
+        let sink_metrics = SinkMetrics {
+            sink_commit_duration_metrics,
+        };
+
         match node.log_store_type() {
             // Default value is the normal in memory log store to be backward compatible with the
             // previously unset value
@@ -84,6 +120,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                             executor_id: params.executor_id,
                             vnode_bitmap: params.vnode_bitmap,
                             meta_client: params.env.meta_client(),
+                            sink_metrics,
                         },
                         sink_param,
                         columns,
@@ -112,6 +149,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                                 executor_id: params.executor_id,
                                 vnode_bitmap: params.vnode_bitmap,
                                 meta_client: params.env.meta_client(),
+                                sink_metrics,
                             },
                             sink_param,
                             columns,
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index f2c6d9f3c8b98..ad8eb8a4d9cf2 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::boxed::{BoxCoordinator, BoxWriter};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::test_sink::registry_build_sink;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::{Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::writer::SinkWriter;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::{Sink, SinkWriterParam};
 use risingwave_connector::source::test_source::{registry_test_source, BoxSource, TestSourceSplit};
 use risingwave_connector::source::StreamChunkWithState;
 use risingwave_simulation::cluster::{Cluster, ConfigPath, Configuration};

From 09a1dcb22355677b3a7dcc589def5727b475bd88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 17:31:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 186/430] fix(over window): don't expect stream keys in
 UpdateDelete and UpdateInsert the same (#12536)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../src/executor/over_window/general.rs       | 41 ++++---------------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
index 091e199d7b52a..5a01fabd25149 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_record::Record;
-use risingwave_common::array::{RowRef, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::OverWindowCachePolicy as CachePolicy;
@@ -225,26 +225,25 @@ impl<S: StateStore> OverWindowExecutor<S> {
         chunk: &'a StreamChunk,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Record<RowRef<'a>>> {
         let mut changes_merged = BTreeMap::new();
-        for record in chunk.records() {
-            match record {
-                Record::Insert { new_row } => {
-                    let pk = DefaultOrdered(this.get_input_pk(new_row));
+        for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
+            let pk = DefaultOrdered(this.get_input_pk(row));
+            match op {
+                Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => {
                     if let Some(prev_change) = changes_merged.get_mut(&pk) {
                         match prev_change {
                             Record::Delete { old_row } => {
                                 *prev_change = Record::Update {
                                     old_row: *old_row,
-                                    new_row,
+                                    new_row: row,
                                 };
                             }
                             _ => panic!("inconsistent changes in input chunk"),
                         }
                     } else {
-                        changes_merged.insert(pk, record);
+                        changes_merged.insert(pk, Record::Insert { new_row: row });
                     }
                 }
-                Record::Delete { old_row } => {
-                    let pk = DefaultOrdered(this.get_input_pk(old_row));
+                Op::Delete | Op::UpdateDelete => {
                     if let Some(prev_change) = changes_merged.get_mut(&pk) {
                         match prev_change {
                             Record::Insert { .. } => {
@@ -261,29 +260,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> OverWindowExecutor<S> {
                             _ => panic!("inconsistent changes in input chunk"),
                         }
                     } else {
-                        changes_merged.insert(pk, record);
-                    }
-                }
-                Record::Update { old_row, new_row } => {
-                    let pk = DefaultOrdered(this.get_input_pk(old_row));
-                    if let Some(prev_change) = changes_merged.get_mut(&pk) {
-                        match prev_change {
-                            Record::Insert { .. } => {
-                                *prev_change = Record::Insert { new_row };
-                            }
-                            Record::Update {
-                                old_row: real_old_row,
-                                ..
-                            } => {
-                                *prev_change = Record::Update {
-                                    old_row: *real_old_row,
-                                    new_row,
-                                };
-                            }
-                            _ => panic!("inconsistent changes in input chunk"),
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        changes_merged.insert(pk, record);
+                        changes_merged.insert(pk, Record::Delete { old_row: row });
                     }
                 }
             }

From d583594284a8a364b430114b0d8cf63d1fae585a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 01:11:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 187/430] refactor(expr): separate function implementations
 into a new crate (#12485)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  50 +-
 Cargo.toml                                    |   6 +-
 src/batch/Cargo.toml                          |   1 +
 src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs                 |   2 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs      |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs  |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs     |   4 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/orderby.rs |   4 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/projection.rs    |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs            |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs          |  14 +-
 .../src/executor/join/local_lookup_join.rs    |   8 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/sort_agg.rs            |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/lib.rs                          |   3 +
 src/cmd/Cargo.toml                            |   1 +
 src/cmd/src/lib.rs                            |   2 +
 src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml                        |   1 +
 src/cmd_all/src/lib.rs                        |   2 +
 src/common/src/cast/mod.rs                    | 112 +----
 src/common/src/types/datetime.rs              | 200 +++++++-
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                   |  36 +-
 .../src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs      |   7 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs        |   9 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs       |  16 +-
 .../src/parser/maxwell/simd_json_parser.rs    |   7 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs      |  27 +-
 src/expr/{ => core}/Cargo.toml                |  35 +-
 .../{src/agg => core/src/aggregate}/def.rs    |  20 +-
 .../{src/agg => core/src/aggregate}/mod.rs    |  12 -
 src/expr/core/src/codegen.rs                  |  19 +
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/error.rs              |   9 -
 .../src/expr/and_or.rs}                       |  91 ++--
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/build.rs         |   3 +-
 .../src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs          |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_case.rs     | 135 ++----
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_field.rs    |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_in.rs       |   0
 .../{ => core}/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs     |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_literal.rs  |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_udf.rs      |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs    |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/mod.rs           |   6 +-
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/test_utils.rs    |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/value.rs         |   0
 .../{ => core}/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs    |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs   |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/lib.rs                |  11 +-
 .../vector_op => core/src/scalar}/like.rs     |   2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/scalar/mod.rs               |  15 +
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/agg.rs            |   2 +-
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/cast.rs           |   0
 src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs                 | 117 +++++
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/mod.rs            |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/table_function.rs |   0
 .../{ => core}/src/table_function/empty.rs    |   0
 src/expr/{ => core}/src/table_function/mod.rs |   6 -
 .../{ => core}/src/table_function/repeat.rs   |   0
 .../src/table_function/user_defined.rs        |   0
 .../{ => core}/src/window_function/call.rs    |   2 +-
 .../{ => core}/src/window_function/kind.rs    |   2 +-
 .../{ => core}/src/window_function/mod.rs     |   0
 .../src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs    |   4 +-
 .../src/window_function/state/buffer.rs       |   0
 .../src/window_function/state/mod.rs          |   0
 .../src/window_function/state/row_number.rs   |   2 +-
 .../{ => core}/src/window_function/states.rs  |   0
 src/expr/impl/Cargo.toml                      |  64 +++
 src/expr/{ => impl}/README.md                 |   0
 src/expr/{ => impl}/benches/expr.rs           |   4 +-
 .../approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs      |   2 +-
 .../aggregate}/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs   |  16 +-
 .../approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs        |   0
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/array_agg.rs   |  13 +-
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/bool_and.rs    |   4 +-
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/bool_or.rs     |   4 +-
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/general.rs     |  47 +-
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/jsonb_agg.rs   |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs            |  24 +
 .../{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/mode.rs   |   9 +-
 .../src/aggregate}/percentile_cont.rs         |  17 +-
 .../src/aggregate}/percentile_disc.rs         |   9 +-
 .../agg => impl/src/aggregate}/string_agg.rs  |  11 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs                      |  45 ++
 .../src/scalar}/arithmetic_op.rs              |  46 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_access.rs               |   8 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_concat.rs               |   5 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_distinct.rs             |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_length.rs               |  12 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_min_max.rs              |   4 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_positions.rs            |   9 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_range_access.rs         |   6 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_remove.rs               |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_replace.rs              |  12 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_sort.rs                 |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_sum.rs                  |  16 +-
 .../src/scalar}/array_to_string.rs            |   5 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/ascii.rs    |   4 +-
 .../src/scalar}/bitwise_op.rs                 |  28 +-
 .../src/scalar}/cardinality.rs                |  12 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/cast.rs     | 441 ++++++++++--------
 .../{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/cmp.rs | 265 ++++++++++-
 .../src/scalar}/concat_op.rs                  |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/concat_ws.rs                  |   5 +-
 .../src/scalar/conjunction.rs}                |  25 +-
 .../src/scalar}/date_trunc.rs                 |   8 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/delay.rs    |   4 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/encdec.rs   |   5 +-
 .../{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/exp.rs |  12 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/extract.rs  |  17 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/format.rs   |   6 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format_type.rs       |  50 ++
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/int256.rs   |  10 +-
 .../src/scalar}/jsonb_access.rs               |   6 +-
 .../src/scalar}/jsonb_info.rs                 |   6 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/length.rs   |  16 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/lower.rs    |   2 +-
 .../{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/md5.rs |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs               |  70 +++
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/overlay.rs  |   8 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/position.rs |   6 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/proctime.rs |   4 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/regexp.rs   |  16 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/repeat.rs   |   4 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/replace.rs  |   2 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/round.rs    |  16 +-
 .../{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/sha.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/split_part.rs                 |   6 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/string.rs   |  20 +-
 .../src/scalar}/string_to_array.rs            |   2 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/substr.rs   |   8 +-
 .../src/scalar}/timestamptz.rs                |  19 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/to_char.rs  |   5 +-
 .../src/scalar}/to_timestamp.rs               |   5 +-
 .../src/scalar}/translate.rs                  |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/trigonometric.rs              |  48 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/trim.rs     |   2 +-
 .../src/scalar}/trim_array.rs                 |   7 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/tumble.rs   |   6 +-
 .../vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/upper.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/table_function/generate_series.rs     |  39 +-
 .../src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs |  16 +-
 .../{ => impl}/src/table_function/jsonb.rs    |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/table_function/mod.rs       |  20 +
 .../src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs      |   8 +-
 .../src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs      |   8 +-
 .../{ => impl}/src/table_function/unnest.rs   |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs                    | 107 +++++
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     |  27 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  10 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/types.rs                   |  61 ++-
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nonnull.rs      | 232 ---------
 src/expr/src/expr/expr_unary.rs               | 206 --------
 src/expr/src/sig/func.rs                      | 216 ---------
 src/expr/src/vector_op/conjunction.rs         |  77 ---
 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs                 |  71 ---
 src/frontend/Cargo.toml                       |   1 +
 src/frontend/planner_test/Cargo.toml          |   1 +
 src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs          |   2 +
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs      |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs             |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs             |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs        |   8 +-
 .../src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs                  |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs              |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs              |  18 +-
 src/frontend/src/lib.rs                       |   3 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    |   2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_over_window.rs          |   2 +-
 .../rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs        |   2 +-
 .../rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs          |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs   |   2 +-
 .../rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs      |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs   |   2 +-
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       |   7 +-
 src/stream/Cargo.toml                         |   8 +-
 src/stream/benches/stream_hash_agg.rs         |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs         |   2 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs     |   2 +-
 .../src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs     |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs    |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs         |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs  |   2 +-
 .../executor/over_window/over_partition.rs    |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs         |   4 +-
 .../src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs      |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs         |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs         |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs       |   2 +-
 .../src/from_proto/stateless_simple_agg.rs    |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/lib.rs                         |   3 +
 .../integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs     |   2 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs       |   2 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs     |  13 +-
 src/stream/tests/integration_tests/main.rs    |   2 +
 .../tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs    |   2 +-
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml               |   1 +
 src/tests/simulation/src/lib.rs               |   2 +
 src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml                 |   1 +
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs            |   2 +
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs         |   2 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs       |   2 +-
 208 files changed, 1960 insertions(+), 1907 deletions(-)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/Cargo.toml (64%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => core/src/aggregate}/def.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => core/src/aggregate}/mod.rs (96%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/codegen.rs
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/error.rs (93%)
 rename src/expr/{src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs => core/src/expr/and_or.rs} (79%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/build.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_case.rs (62%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_field.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_in.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_literal.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_udf.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/mod.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/test_utils.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/value.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/lib.rs (86%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => core/src/scalar}/like.rs (99%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/scalar/mod.rs
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/agg.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/cast.rs (100%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/mod.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/sig/table_function.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/table_function/empty.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/table_function/mod.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/table_function/repeat.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/table_function/user_defined.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/call.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/kind.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/mod.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/state/mod.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{ => core}/src/window_function/states.rs (100%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/Cargo.toml
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/README.md (100%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/benches/expr.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs (100%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/array_agg.rs (89%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/bool_and.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/bool_or.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/general.rs (93%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/jsonb_agg.rs (96%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/mode.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/percentile_cont.rs (89%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/percentile_disc.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/agg => impl/src/aggregate}/string_agg.rs (89%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/arithmetic_op.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_access.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_concat.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_distinct.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_length.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_min_max.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_positions.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_range_access.rs (92%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_remove.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_replace.rs (90%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_sort.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_sum.rs (90%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/array_to_string.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/ascii.rs (92%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/bitwise_op.rs (83%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/cardinality.rs (87%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/cast.rs (61%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/cmp.rs (60%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/concat_op.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/concat_ws.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op/format_type.rs => impl/src/scalar/conjunction.rs} (58%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/date_trunc.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/delay.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/encdec.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/exp.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/extract.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/format.rs (98%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format_type.rs
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/int256.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/jsonb_access.rs (92%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/jsonb_info.rs (93%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/length.rs (82%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/lower.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/md5.rs (98%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/overlay.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/position.rs (91%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/proctime.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/regexp.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/repeat.rs (93%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/replace.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/round.rs (93%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/sha.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/split_part.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/string.rs (96%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/string_to_array.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/substr.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/timestamptz.rs (95%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/to_char.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/to_timestamp.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/translate.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/trigonometric.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/trim.rs (99%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/trim_array.rs (94%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/tumble.rs (98%)
 rename src/expr/{src/vector_op => impl/src/scalar}/upper.rs (97%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/generate_series.rs (88%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs (87%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/jsonb.rs (97%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/table_function/mod.rs
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs (87%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs (91%)
 rename src/expr/{ => impl}/src/table_function/unnest.rs (94%)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nonnull.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/expr/expr_unary.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/conjunction.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d46a420f8b71c..876f9f520e1b3 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6546,6 +6546,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_expr",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
@@ -6608,6 +6609,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_compactor",
  "risingwave_compute",
  "risingwave_ctl",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_meta",
  "risingwave_rt",
@@ -6633,6 +6635,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_compactor",
  "risingwave_compute",
  "risingwave_ctl",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_meta",
  "risingwave_rt",
@@ -7002,46 +7005,65 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_expr"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
  "anyhow",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
  "async-trait",
- "auto_enums",
  "await-tree",
  "cfg-or-panic",
  "chrono",
- "chrono-tz",
- "criterion",
  "ctor",
  "downcast-rs",
  "easy-ext",
  "either",
  "expect-test",
- "fancy-regex",
- "futures",
  "futures-async-stream",
  "futures-util",
- "hex",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "md5",
  "num-traits",
  "parse-display",
  "paste",
- "regex",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr_macro",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_udf",
+ "smallvec",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
+ "workspace-hack",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "risingwave_expr_impl"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
+dependencies = [
+ "aho-corasick",
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-trait",
+ "auto_enums",
+ "chrono",
+ "criterion",
+ "expect-test",
+ "fancy-regex",
+ "futures-async-stream",
+ "futures-util",
+ "hex",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "madsim-tokio",
+ "md5",
+ "num-traits",
+ "regex",
+ "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_expr",
+ "risingwave_pb",
  "rust_decimal",
  "self_cell",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha1",
  "sha2",
- "smallvec",
- "static_assertions",
  "thiserror",
  "tracing",
  "workspace-hack",
@@ -7103,6 +7125,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_expr",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
  "risingwave_source",
@@ -7351,6 +7374,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libtest-mimic",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "paste",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
  "serde",
@@ -7461,6 +7485,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_ctl",
  "risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_meta",
  "risingwave_pb",
@@ -7545,6 +7570,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
@@ -7680,7 +7706,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_expr",
- "risingwave_frontend",
+ "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_hummock_test",
  "risingwave_pb",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index fe6a516e2dada..c36d9821e389f 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ members = [
   "src/compute",
   "src/connector",
   "src/ctl",
-  "src/expr",
+  "src/expr/core",
+  "src/expr/impl",
   "src/expr/macro",
   "src/frontend",
   "src/frontend/planner_test",
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ risingwave_compactor = { path = "./src/storage/compactor" }
 risingwave_compute = { path = "./src/compute" }
 risingwave_ctl = { path = "./src/ctl" }
 risingwave_connector = { path = "./src/connector" }
-risingwave_expr = { path = "./src/expr" }
+risingwave_expr = { path = "./src/expr/core" }
+risingwave_expr_impl = { path = "./src/expr/impl" }
 risingwave_frontend = { path = "./src/frontend" }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { path = "./src/storage/hummock_sdk" }
 risingwave_hummock_test = { path = "./src/storage/hummock_test" }
diff --git a/src/batch/Cargo.toml b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
index 35ede881bc47f..fd3f1b85bae7e 100644
--- a/src/batch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
 rand = "0.8"
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs b/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
index e5a561e03a535..16bcd91de9353 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::{enable_jemalloc_on_unix, hash};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbInputRef};
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
index 9ce4b2dc66112..c2844d558acf4 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::buffer::BitmapBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
     AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction,
 };
 use risingwave_expr::Result;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, Decimal};
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 
     use super::super::build;
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
index 06e8d894d5278..2db2320ed3534 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::Expression;
 use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Filter {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
     use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_pretty, Expression, LiteralExpression};
 
     use super::*;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index a794823e75636..e756b126f013b 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ mod filter;
 mod orderby;
 mod projection;
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{self, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
 use self::distinct::Distinct;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use self::projection::Projection;
 
 /// Build an `BoxedAggregateFunction` from `AggCall`.
 pub fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
-    let mut aggregator = agg::build_append_only(agg)?;
+    let mut aggregator = build_append_only(agg)?;
 
     if agg.distinct {
         aggregator = Box::new(Distinct::new(aggregator));
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/orderby.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/orderby.rs
index 47ef7189bb6c4..427fa15688ca3 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/orderby.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/orderby.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::util::memcmp_encoding;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
     AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction,
 };
 use risingwave_expr::{ExprError, Result};
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for ProjectionOrderBy {
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StreamChunk};
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 
     use super::super::build;
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/projection.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/projection.rs
index 890d8da58f1a8..00343891e9ae6 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/projection.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/projection.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
 pub struct Projection {
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index d4480d9bd4064..03ce86d475620 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher, PrecomputedBuildHasher
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::HashAggNode;
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index 85e485db00376..01ba275e730ee 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ mod tests {
             6 2 ^10:42:00
             7 1 ^10:51:00
             8 3 ^11:02:00"
-                .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
         );
         let mut mock_executor = MockExecutor::new(schema.clone());
         mock_executor.add(chunk);
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ mod tests {
                 6 2 ^10:42:00 ^10:14:00 ^10:44:00
                 7 1 ^10:51:00 ^10:29:00 ^10:59:00
                 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^10:44:00 ^11:14:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ mod tests {
                 6 2 ^10:42:00 ^10:14:00 ^10:44:00
                 7 1 ^10:51:00 ^10:29:00 ^10:59:00
                 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^10:44:00 ^11:14:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
     }
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ mod tests {
                 6 2 ^10:42:00 ^10:15:00 ^10:45:00
                 7 1 ^10:51:00 ^10:30:00 ^11:00:00
                 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
 
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ mod tests {
                 6 2 ^10:42:00 ^10:30:00 ^11:00:00
                 7 1 ^10:51:00 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00
                 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^11:00:00 ^11:30:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
     }
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ mod tests {
                    2 ^10:15:00 ^10:45:00 ^10:42:00
                    1 ^10:30:00 ^11:00:00 ^10:51:00
                    3 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00 ^11:02:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ mod tests {
                   2 ^10:30:00 ^11:00:00 ^10:42:00
                   1 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00 ^10:51:00
                   3 ^11:00:00 ^11:30:00 ^11:02:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/join/local_lookup_join.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/join/local_lookup_join.rs
index af2bd80f24198..31d101c1ecfa3 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/join/local_lookup_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/join/local_lookup_join.rs
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ mod tests {
              2 5.5 2 5.5
              2 8.4 2 5.5",
         );
-        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean (cast:float4 5:int4) $3:float4)");
+        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean 5:float4 $3:float4)");
 
         do_test(JoinType::Inner, Some(condition), false, expected).await;
     }
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ mod tests {
              5 9.1 . .
              . .   . .",
         );
-        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean (cast:float4 5:int4) $3:float4)");
+        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean 5:float4 $3:float4)");
 
         do_test(JoinType::LeftOuter, Some(condition), false, expected).await;
     }
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ mod tests {
              2 5.5
              2 8.4",
         );
-        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean (cast:float4 5:int4) $3:float4)");
+        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean 5:float4 $3:float4)");
 
         do_test(JoinType::LeftSemi, Some(condition), false, expected).await;
     }
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ mod tests {
             5 9.1
             . .",
         );
-        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean (cast:float4 5:int4) $3:float4)");
+        let condition = build_from_pretty("(less_than:boolean 5:float4 $3:float4)");
 
         do_test(JoinType::LeftAnti, Some(condition), false, expected).await;
     }
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/sort_agg.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/sort_agg.rs
index 8a1427ffc6d6a..e8f07bc5fa5d9 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/sort_agg.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/sort_agg.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilderImpl, ArrayImpl, DataChunk, St
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/lib.rs b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
index ac062a16c1c10..17fc6cfab2bc1 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
@@ -48,3 +48,6 @@ pub mod task;
 extern crate tracing;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate risingwave_common;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
diff --git a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
index 894d19c9f969a..2837cb8ce2340 100644
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_compactor = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_compute = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
index 48cbaaa0e63a2..6b748bf067c75 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ macro_rules! main {
     };
 }
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 // Entry point functions.
 
 pub fn compute(opts: ComputeNodeOpts) {
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
index f22f0b59ea2db..ab185abeb46c7 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_compactor = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_compute = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/lib.rs
index be6a4e1b70a29..c3d5e60f01a05 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@ mod standalone;
 
 pub use playground::*;
 pub use standalone::*;
+
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
diff --git a/src/common/src/cast/mod.rs b/src/common/src/cast/mod.rs
index 82c69984ec0ea..21a217967830a 100644
--- a/src/common/src/cast/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/cast/mod.rs
@@ -12,81 +12,39 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime};
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use speedate::{Date as SpeedDate, DateTime as SpeedDateTime, Time as SpeedTime};
 
-use crate::types::{Date, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use crate::types::{Timestamp, Timestamptz};
 
 type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, String>;
 
-pub const PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIMESTAMP: &str = "Can't cast string to timestamp (expected format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.D+{up to 6 digits}] or YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM or YYYY-MM-DD or ISO 8601 format)";
-pub const PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIME: &str =
-    "Can't cast string to time (expected format is HH:MM:SS[.D+{up to 6 digits}][Z] or HH:MM)";
-pub const PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_DATE: &str =
-    "Can't cast string to date (expected format is YYYY-MM-DD)";
 pub const PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_BYTEA: &str = "Invalid Bytea syntax";
 
 const ERROR_INT_TO_TIMESTAMP: &str = "Can't cast negative integer to timestamp";
 
-pub fn str_to_date(elem: &str) -> Result<Date> {
-    Ok(Date::new(parse_naive_date(elem)?))
-}
-
-pub fn str_to_time(elem: &str) -> Result<Time> {
-    Ok(Time::new(parse_naive_time(elem)?))
-}
-
-pub fn str_to_timestamp(elem: &str) -> Result<Timestamp> {
-    Ok(Timestamp::new(parse_naive_datetime(elem)?))
-}
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn parse_naive_date(s: &str) -> Result<NaiveDate> {
-    let res = SpeedDate::parse_str_rfc3339(s).map_err(|_| PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_DATE.to_string())?;
-    Ok(Date::from_ymd_uncheck(res.year as i32, res.month as u32, res.day as u32).0)
-}
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn parse_naive_time(s: &str) -> Result<NaiveTime> {
-    let s_without_zone = s.trim_end_matches('Z');
-    let res =
-        SpeedTime::parse_str(s_without_zone).map_err(|_| PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIME.to_string())?;
-    Ok(Time::from_hms_micro_uncheck(
-        res.hour as u32,
-        res.minute as u32,
-        res.second as u32,
-        res.microsecond,
-    )
-    .0)
-}
+/// Parse a string into a bool.
+///
+/// See [`https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/datatype-boolean.html`]
+pub fn str_to_bool(input: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+    /// String literals for bool type.
+    const TRUE_BOOL_LITERALS: [&str; 9] = ["true", "tru", "tr", "t", "on", "1", "yes", "ye", "y"];
+    const FALSE_BOOL_LITERALS: [&str; 10] = [
+        "false", "fals", "fal", "fa", "f", "off", "of", "0", "no", "n",
+    ];
 
-#[inline]
-pub fn parse_naive_datetime(s: &str) -> Result<NaiveDateTime> {
-    if let Ok(res) = SpeedDateTime::parse_str_rfc3339(s) {
-        if res.time.tz_offset.is_some() {
-            return Err(PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIMESTAMP.into());
-        }
-        Ok(Date::from_ymd_uncheck(
-            res.date.year as i32,
-            res.date.month as u32,
-            res.date.day as u32,
-        )
-        .and_hms_micro_uncheck(
-            res.time.hour as u32,
-            res.time.minute as u32,
-            res.time.second as u32,
-            res.time.microsecond,
-        )
-        .0)
+    let trimmed_input = input.trim();
+    if TRUE_BOOL_LITERALS
+        .iter()
+        .any(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(trimmed_input))
+    {
+        Ok(true)
+    } else if FALSE_BOOL_LITERALS
+        .iter()
+        .any(|s| trimmed_input.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s))
+    {
+        Ok(false)
     } else {
-        let res = SpeedDate::parse_str_rfc3339(s)
-            .map_err(|_| PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIMESTAMP.to_string())?;
-        Ok(
-            Date::from_ymd_uncheck(res.year as i32, res.month as u32, res.day as u32)
-                .and_hms_micro_uncheck(0, 0, 0, 0)
-                .0,
-        )
+        Err("Invalid bool".into())
     }
 }
 
@@ -237,32 +195,6 @@ pub fn parse_bytes_traditional(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_str() {
-        str_to_timestamp("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap();
-        str_to_timestamp("1999-01-08 04:05:06").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_timestamp("2022-08-03T10:34:02").unwrap(),
-            str_to_timestamp("2022-08-03 10:34:02").unwrap()
-        );
-        str_to_date("1999-01-08").unwrap();
-        str_to_time("04:05").unwrap();
-        str_to_time("04:05:06").unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_timestamp("1999-01-08 04:05:06AA").unwrap_err(),
-            PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIMESTAMP.to_string()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_date("1999-01-08AA").unwrap_err(),
-            PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_DATE.to_string()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            str_to_time("AA04:05:06").unwrap_err(),
-            PARSE_ERROR_STR_TO_TIME.to_string()
-        );
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_bytea() {
         use crate::types::ToText;
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs b/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
index 69f049736cb97..d1e77190a376f 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/datetime.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+//! Date, time, and timestamp types.
+
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::io::Write;
+use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use chrono::{Datelike, Days, Duration, NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime, Timelike, Weekday};
@@ -47,14 +50,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_chrono_wrapper {
             }
         }
 
-        impl std::str::FromStr for $variant_name {
-            type Err = chrono::ParseError;
-
-            fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-                Ok($variant_name(s.parse()?))
-            }
-        }
-
         impl Display for $variant_name {
             fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
                 ToText::write(self, f)
@@ -75,31 +70,187 @@ impl_chrono_wrapper!(Date, NaiveDate);
 impl_chrono_wrapper!(Timestamp, NaiveDateTime);
 impl_chrono_wrapper!(Time, NaiveTime);
 
+/// Parse a date from varchar.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::Date;
+///
+/// Date::from_str("1999-01-08").unwrap();
+/// ```
+impl FromStr for Date {
+    type Err = InvalidParamsError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let date = speedate::Date::parse_str_rfc3339(s).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::ParseDate)?;
+        Ok(Date::new(
+            Date::from_ymd_uncheck(date.year as i32, date.month as u32, date.day as u32).0,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a time from varchar.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::Time;
+///
+/// Time::from_str("04:05").unwrap();
+/// Time::from_str("04:05:06").unwrap();
+/// ```
+impl FromStr for Time {
+    type Err = InvalidParamsError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let s_without_zone = s.trim_end_matches('Z');
+        let res = speedate::Time::parse_str(s_without_zone).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::ParseTime)?;
+        Ok(Time::from_hms_micro_uncheck(
+            res.hour as u32,
+            res.minute as u32,
+            res.second as u32,
+            res.microsecond,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a timestamp from varchar.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::Timestamp;
+///
+/// Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap();
+/// Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08 04:05:06").unwrap();
+/// Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08T04:05:06").unwrap();
+/// ```
+impl FromStr for Timestamp {
+    type Err = InvalidParamsError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(res) = speedate::DateTime::parse_str_rfc3339(s) {
+            if res.time.tz_offset.is_some() {
+                return Err(ErrorKind::ParseTimestamp.into());
+            }
+            Ok(Date::from_ymd_uncheck(
+                res.date.year as i32,
+                res.date.month as u32,
+                res.date.day as u32,
+            )
+            .and_hms_micro_uncheck(
+                res.time.hour as u32,
+                res.time.minute as u32,
+                res.time.second as u32,
+                res.time.microsecond,
+            ))
+        } else {
+            let res =
+                speedate::Date::parse_str_rfc3339(s).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::ParseTimestamp)?;
+            Ok(
+                Date::from_ymd_uncheck(res.year as i32, res.month as u32, res.day as u32)
+                    .and_hms_micro_uncheck(0, 0, 0, 0),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from timestamp to date discards the time part.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Timestamp};
+///
+/// let ts = Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap();
+/// let date = Date::from(ts);
+/// assert_eq!(date, Date::from_str("1999-01-08").unwrap());
+/// ```
+impl From<Timestamp> for Date {
+    fn from(ts: Timestamp) -> Self {
+        Date::new(ts.0.date())
+    }
+}
+
+/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from timestamp to time discards the date part.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::{Time, Timestamp};
+///
+/// let ts = Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap();
+/// let time = Time::from(ts);
+/// assert_eq!(time, Time::from_str("04:02").unwrap());
+/// ```
+impl From<Timestamp> for Time {
+    fn from(ts: Timestamp) -> Self {
+        Time::new(ts.0.time())
+    }
+}
+
+/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from interval to time discards the days part.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use std::str::FromStr;
+///
+/// use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, Time};
+///
+/// let interval = Interval::from_month_day_usec(1, 2, 61000003);
+/// let time = Time::from(interval);
+/// assert_eq!(time, Time::from_str("00:01:01.000003").unwrap());
+///
+/// let interval = Interval::from_month_day_usec(0, 0, -61000003);
+/// let time = Time::from(interval);
+/// assert_eq!(time, Time::from_str("23:58:58.999997").unwrap());
+/// ```
+impl From<Interval> for Time {
+    fn from(interval: Interval) -> Self {
+        let usecs = interval.usecs_of_day();
+        let secs = (usecs / 1_000_000) as u32;
+        let nano = (usecs % 1_000_000 * 1000) as u32;
+        Time::from_num_seconds_from_midnight_uncheck(secs, nano)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Error)]
-enum InvalidParamsErrorKind {
+enum ErrorKind {
     #[error("Invalid date: days: {days}")]
     Date { days: i32 },
     #[error("Invalid time: secs: {secs}, nanoseconds: {nsecs}")]
     Time { secs: u32, nsecs: u32 },
     #[error("Invalid datetime: seconds: {secs}, nanoseconds: {nsecs}")]
     DateTime { secs: i64, nsecs: u32 },
+    #[error("Can't cast string to date (expected format is YYYY-MM-DD)")]
+    ParseDate,
+    #[error("Can't cast string to time (expected format is HH:MM:SS[.D+{{up to 6 digits}}][Z] or HH:MM)")]
+    ParseTime,
+    #[error("Can't cast string to timestamp (expected format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.D+{{up to 6 digits}}] or YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM or YYYY-MM-DD or ISO 8601 format)")]
+    ParseTimestamp,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 #[error(transparent)]
-pub struct InvalidParamsError(#[from] InvalidParamsErrorKind);
+pub struct InvalidParamsError(#[from] ErrorKind);
 
 impl InvalidParamsError {
     pub fn date(days: i32) -> Self {
-        InvalidParamsErrorKind::Date { days }.into()
+        ErrorKind::Date { days }.into()
     }
 
     pub fn time(secs: u32, nsecs: u32) -> Self {
-        InvalidParamsErrorKind::Time { secs, nsecs }.into()
+        ErrorKind::Time { secs, nsecs }.into()
     }
 
     pub fn datetime(secs: i64, nsecs: u32) -> Self {
-        InvalidParamsErrorKind::DateTime { secs, nsecs }.into()
+        ErrorKind::DateTime { secs, nsecs }.into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -602,3 +753,26 @@ impl CheckedAdd<Interval> for Timestamp {
         Some(Timestamp::new(datetime))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Timestamp::from_str("2022-08-03T10:34:02").unwrap(),
+            Timestamp::from_str("2022-08-03 10:34:02").unwrap()
+        );
+        let ts = Timestamp::from_str("0001-11-15 07:35:40.999999").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ts.0.timestamp_micros(), -62108094259000001);
+
+        let ts = Timestamp::from_str("1969-12-31 23:59:59.999999").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ts.0.timestamp_micros(), -1);
+
+        // invalid datetime
+        Date::from_str("1999-01-08AA").unwrap_err();
+        Time::from_str("AA04:05:06").unwrap_err();
+        Timestamp::from_str("1999-01-08 04:05:06AA").unwrap_err();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index f8989413483eb..77738b0bb0bdc 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use crate::array::{
     ArrayBuilderImpl, ArrayError, ArrayResult, PrimitiveArrayItemType, NULL_VAL_FOR_HASH,
 };
 pub use crate::array::{ListRef, ListValue, StructRef, StructValue};
+use crate::cast::{str_to_bool, str_to_bytea};
 use crate::error::{BoxedError, ErrorCode, Result as RwResult};
 use crate::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use crate::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
@@ -954,9 +955,40 @@ impl ScalarImpl {
         };
         Ok(res)
     }
-}
 
-impl ScalarImpl {
+    /// A lite version of casting from string to target type. Used by frontend to handle types that have
+    /// to be created by casting.
+    ///
+    /// For example, the user can input `1` or `true` directly, but they have to use
+    /// `'2022-01-01'::date`.
+    pub fn from_literal(s: &str, t: &DataType) -> std::result::Result<Self, String> {
+        Ok(match t {
+            DataType::Boolean => str_to_bool(s)?.into(),
+            DataType::Int16 => i16::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Int32 => i32::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Int64 => i64::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Int256 => Int256::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Serial => return Err("not supported".into()),
+            DataType::Decimal => Decimal::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Float32 => F32::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Float64 => F64::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Varchar => s.into(),
+            DataType::Date => Date::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Timestamp => Timestamp::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            // We only handle the case with timezone here, and leave the implicit session timezone case
+            // for later phase.
+            DataType::Timestamptz => Timestamptz::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Time => Time::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            DataType::Interval => Interval::from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into(),
+            // Not processing list or struct literal right now. Leave it for later phase (normal backend
+            // evaluation).
+            DataType::List { .. } => return Err("not supported".into()),
+            DataType::Struct(_) => return Err("not supported".into()),
+            DataType::Jsonb => return Err("not supported".into()),
+            DataType::Bytea => str_to_bytea(s)?.into(),
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Converts [`ScalarImpl`] to [`ScalarRefImpl`]
     pub fn as_scalar_ref_impl(&self) -> ScalarRefImpl<'_> {
         dispatch_scalar_variants!(self, inner, { inner.as_scalar_ref().into() })
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
index 8d2d03bf1611c..40289c11612c8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
     use risingwave_common::array::Op;
-    use risingwave_common::cast::str_to_timestamp;
     use risingwave_common::row::Row;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Decimal, JsonbVal, ScalarImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
     use serde_json::Value;
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(
             row.datum_at(2).to_owned_datum(),
             Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                str_to_timestamp("2023-02-15 13:01:36").unwrap()
+                "2023-02-15 13:01:36".parse().unwrap()
             ))
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(
             row.datum_at(4).to_owned_datum(),
             Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                str_to_timestamp("2022-10-13 12:12:54").unwrap()
+                "2022-10-13 12:12:54".parse().unwrap()
             ))
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(4).to_owned_datum(),
                 (Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("2018-01-01 00:00:01").unwrap()
+                    "2018-01-01 00:00:01".parse().unwrap()
                 )))
             );
             assert_eq!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
index d77d35db9179e..f1d140370bc2c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-use risingwave_common::cast::{str_to_date, str_to_timestamp};
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{InternalError, ProtocolError};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, Decimal, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Datum, Decimal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
 
 use super::{ByteStreamSourceParser, CsvProperties};
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
@@ -89,9 +88,9 @@ impl CsvParser {
                 .map_err(|_| anyhow!("parse decimal from string err {}", v))?
                 .into(),
             DataType::Varchar => v.into(),
-            DataType::Date => str_to_date(v.as_str())?.into(),
-            DataType::Time => str_to_date(v.as_str())?.into(),
-            DataType::Timestamp => str_to_timestamp(v.as_str())?.into(),
+            DataType::Date => ScalarImpl::Date(to_rust_type!(v, Date)),
+            DataType::Time => ScalarImpl::Time(to_rust_type!(v, Time)),
+            DataType::Timestamp => ScalarImpl::Timestamp(to_rust_type!(v, Timestamp)),
             DataType::Timestamptz => ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(to_rust_type!(v, Timestamptz)),
             _ => {
                 return Err(RwError::from(InternalError(format!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
index 7c59318e960a1..53559480818a2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
@@ -201,16 +201,14 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for JsonParser {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::str::FromStr;
     use std::vec;
 
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StructValue};
-    use risingwave_common::cast::{str_to_date, str_to_timestamp};
     use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnDesc;
     use risingwave_common::row::Row;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Decimal, ScalarImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
+    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
 
     use super::JsonParser;
     use crate::parser::upsert_parser::UpsertParser;
@@ -294,19 +292,17 @@ mod tests {
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(7).to_owned_datum(),
-                (Some(ScalarImpl::Date(str_to_date("2021-01-01").unwrap())))
+                (Some(ScalarImpl::Date("2021-01-01".parse().unwrap())))
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(8).to_owned_datum(),
                 (Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("2021-01-01 16:06:12.269").unwrap()
+                    "2021-01-01 16:06:12.269".parse().unwrap()
                 )))
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(9).to_owned_datum(),
-                (Some(ScalarImpl::Decimal(
-                    Decimal::from_str("12345.67890").unwrap()
-                )))
+                (Some(ScalarImpl::Decimal("12345.67890".parse().unwrap())))
             );
         }
 
@@ -458,7 +454,7 @@ mod tests {
         let expected = vec![
             Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("2022-07-13 20:48:37.07").unwrap()
+                    "2022-07-13 20:48:37.07".parse().unwrap()
                 )),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("1732524418112319151".into())),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("Here man favor ourselves mysteriously most her sigh in straightaway for afterwards.".into())),
@@ -466,7 +462,7 @@ mod tests {
             ]))),
             Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("2018-01-29 12:19:11.07").unwrap()
+                    "2018-01-29 12:19:11.07".parse().unwrap()
                 )),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("7772634297".into())),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("Lily Frami yet".into())),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/simd_json_parser.rs
index c804171c10863..d6a9e71e1a831 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::Op;
-    use risingwave_common::cast::str_to_timestamp;
     use risingwave_common::row::Row;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
 
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(3).to_owned_datum(),
                 (Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("2017-12-31 16:00:01").unwrap()
+                    "2017-12-31 16:00:01".parse().unwrap()
                 )))
             )
         }
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(3).to_owned_datum(),
                 (Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("1999-12-31 16:00:01").unwrap()
+                    "1999-12-31 16:00:01".parse().unwrap()
                 )))
             )
         }
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 row.datum_at(3).to_owned_datum(),
                 (Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(
-                    str_to_timestamp("1999-12-31 16:00:01").unwrap()
+                    "1999-12-31 16:00:01".parse().unwrap()
                 )))
             )
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
index c16d5f7668a4b..4795fb70e001f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@ use base64::Engine;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StructValue};
-use risingwave_common::cast::{
-    i64_to_timestamp, i64_to_timestamptz, str_to_bytea, str_to_date, str_to_time, str_to_timestamp,
-};
+use risingwave_common::cast::{i64_to_timestamp, i64_to_timestamptz, str_to_bytea};
 use risingwave_common::types::{
-    DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, JsonbVal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamptz,
+    DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, JsonbVal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz,
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, TryTypeError, ValueAccess, ValueType};
@@ -358,7 +356,10 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             ) => Date::with_days_since_unix_epoch(value.try_as_i32()?)
                 .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                 .into(),
-            (Some(DataType::Date), ValueType::String) => str_to_date(value.as_str().unwrap())
+            (Some(DataType::Date), ValueType::String) => value
+                .as_str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .parse::<Date>()
                 .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                 .into(),
             // ---- Varchar -----
@@ -388,7 +389,10 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                 value.to_string().into()
             }
             // ---- Time -----
-            (Some(DataType::Time), ValueType::String) => str_to_time(value.as_str().unwrap())
+            (Some(DataType::Time), ValueType::String) => value
+                .as_str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .parse::<Time>()
                 .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                 .into(),
             (
@@ -404,11 +408,12 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                 .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                 .into(),
             // ---- Timestamp -----
-            (Some(DataType::Timestamp), ValueType::String) => {
-                str_to_timestamp(value.as_str().unwrap())
-                    .map_err(|_| create_error())?
-                    .into()
-            }
+            (Some(DataType::Timestamp), ValueType::String) => value
+                .as_str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .parse::<Timestamp>()
+                .map_err(|_| create_error())?
+                .into(),
             (
                 Some(DataType::Timestamp),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
diff --git a/src/expr/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
similarity index 64%
rename from src/expr/Cargo.toml
rename to src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
index eab539364b32a..497a8bbbb0911 100644
--- a/src/expr/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "risingwave_expr"
+description = "Core expression traits and function registry."
 version = { workspace = true }
 edition = { workspace = true }
 homepage = { workspace = true }
@@ -15,58 +16,44 @@ ignored = ["workspace-hack", "ctor"]
 normal = ["workspace-hack", "ctor"]
 
 [dependencies]
-aho-corasick = "1"
 anyhow = "1"
 arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
-auto_enums = "0.8"
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
 cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
-chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["clock", "std"] }
-chrono-tz = { version = "0.8", features = ["case-insensitive"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
+    "clock",
+    "std",
+] }
 ctor = "0.2"
 downcast-rs = "1.2"
 easy-ext = "1"
 either = "1"
-fancy-regex = "0.11.0"
-futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 futures-util = "0.3"
-hex = "0.4.3"
 itertools = "0.11"
-md5 = "0.7.0"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 parse-display = "0.8"
 paste = "1"
-regex = "1"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_expr_macro = { path = "macro" }
+risingwave_expr_macro = { path = "../macro" }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_udf = { workspace = true }
-rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
-self_cell = "1.0.1"
-serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1"
-sha1 = "0.10.5"
-sha2 = "0.10.7"
 smallvec = "1"
 static_assertions = "1"
 thiserror = "1"
-tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread", "sync", "macros", "time", "signal"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
-workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
+workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-criterion = { workspace = true }
 expect-test = "1"
-serde_json = "1"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "expr"
-harness = false
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
+    "rt-multi-thread",
+    "macros",
+] }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/def.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index d9829a3dbb37c..372cb808d0d1d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ impl AggKind {
     }
 }
 
-/// Macros to generate match arms for [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind).
+/// Macros to generate match arms for [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind).
 /// IMPORTANT: These macros must be carefully maintained especially when adding new
-/// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind) variants.
+/// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind) variants.
 pub mod agg_kinds {
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that are currently not supported in streaming mode.
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that are currently not supported in streaming mode.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! unimplemented_in_stream {
         () => {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use unimplemented_in_stream;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that should've been rewritten to other kinds. These kinds
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that should've been rewritten to other kinds. These kinds
     /// should not appear when generating physical plan nodes.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! rewritten {
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use rewritten;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s of which the aggregate results are not affected by the
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s of which the aggregate results are not affected by the
     /// user given ORDER BY clause.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! result_unaffected_by_order_by {
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use result_unaffected_by_order_by;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that must be called with ORDER BY clause. These are
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that must be called with ORDER BY clause. These are
     /// slightly different from variants not in [`result_unaffected_by_order_by`], in that
     /// variants returned by this macro should be banned while the others should just be warned.
     #[macro_export]
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use must_have_order_by;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s of which the aggregate results are not affected by the
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s of which the aggregate results are not affected by the
     /// user given DISTINCT keyword.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! result_unaffected_by_distinct {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use result_unaffected_by_distinct;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that are simply cannot 2-phased.
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that are simply cannot 2-phased.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! simply_cannot_two_phase {
         () => {
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use simply_cannot_two_phase;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that are implemented with a single value state (so-called
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that are implemented with a single value state (so-called
     /// stateless).
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! single_value_state {
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     }
     pub use single_value_state;
 
-    /// [`AggKind`](crate::agg::AggKind)s that are implemented with a single value state (so-called
+    /// [`AggKind`](crate::aggregate::AggKind)s that are implemented with a single value state (so-called
     /// stateless) iff the input is append-only.
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! single_value_state_iff_in_append_only {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
index 15236ee642440..d9276f264dfd6 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
@@ -26,18 +26,6 @@ use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 // aggregate definition
 mod def;
 
-// concrete AggregateFunctions
-mod approx_count_distinct;
-mod array_agg;
-mod bool_and;
-mod bool_or;
-mod general;
-mod jsonb_agg;
-mod mode;
-mod percentile_cont;
-mod percentile_disc;
-mod string_agg;
-
 pub use self::def::*;
 
 /// A trait over all aggregate functions.
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/codegen.rs b/src/expr/core/src/codegen.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..51f9ca21d07b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/codegen.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub use async_trait::async_trait;
+pub use ctor::ctor;
+pub use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+pub use futures_util::stream::BoxStream;
+pub use itertools::multizip;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/error.rs b/src/expr/core/src/error.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/expr/src/error.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/error.rs
index 1128c05e76a77..a6bb01e45bf54 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/error.rs
@@ -92,15 +92,6 @@ impl From<ExprError> for RwError {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<regex::Error> for ExprError {
-    fn from(re: regex::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::InvalidParam {
-            name: "pattern",
-            reason: re.to_string().into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<chrono::ParseError> for ExprError {
     fn from(e: chrono::ParseError) -> Self {
         Self::Parse(e.to_string().into())
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/and_or.rs
similarity index 79%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/and_or.rs
index af2db0152a2ef..29e9f2ae5c37f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nullable.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/and_or.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::build_function;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
 
 use super::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::vector_op::conjunction::{and, or};
 use crate::Result;
 
 /// This is just an implementation detail. The semantic is not guaranteed at SQL level because
@@ -117,11 +116,36 @@ fn build_or_expr(_: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExp
     }))
 }
 
+// #[function("and(boolean, boolean) -> boolean")]
+fn and(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> {
+    match (l, r) {
+        (Some(lb), Some(lr)) => Some(lb & lr),
+        (Some(true), None) => None,
+        (None, Some(true)) => None,
+        (Some(false), None) => Some(false),
+        (None, Some(false)) => Some(false),
+        (None, None) => None,
+    }
+}
+
+// #[function("or(boolean, boolean) -> boolean")]
+fn or(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> {
+    match (l, r) {
+        (Some(lb), Some(lr)) => Some(lb | lr),
+        (Some(true), None) => Some(true),
+        (None, Some(true)) => Some(true),
+        (Some(false), None) => None,
+        (None, Some(false)) => None,
+        (None, None) => None,
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
 
+    use super::*;
     use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -168,56 +192,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_is_distinct_from() {
-        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "
-            i i B
-            . . f
-            . 1 t
-            1 . t
-            2 2 f
-            3 4 t
-        ",
-        )
-        .split_column_at(2);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(is_distinct_from:boolean $0:int4 $1:int4)");
-        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_is_not_distinct_from() {
-        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "
-            i i B
-            . . t
-            . 1 f
-            1 . f
-            2 2 t
-            3 4 f
-            ",
-        )
-        .split_column_at(2);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(is_not_distinct_from:boolean $0:int4 $1:int4)");
-        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
+    #[test]
+    fn test_and_() {
+        assert_eq!(Some(true), and(Some(true), Some(true)));
+        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(true), Some(false)));
+        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(false), Some(false)));
+        assert_eq!(None, and(Some(true), None));
+        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(false), None));
+        assert_eq!(None, and(None, None));
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_format_type() {
-        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "
-            i       i T
-            16      0 boolean
-            21      . smallint
-            9527    0 ???
-            .       0 .
-            ",
-        )
-        .split_column_at(2);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(format_type:varchar $0:int4 $1:int4)");
-        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_() {
+        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), Some(true)));
+        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), Some(false)));
+        assert_eq!(Some(false), or(Some(false), Some(false)));
+        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), None));
+        assert_eq!(None, or(Some(false), None));
+        assert_eq!(None, or(None, None));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
index 8f961ded6bad4..63137b410a08a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ pub(super) fn get_children_and_return_type(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<(&[ExprNo
 /// Build an expression from a string.
 ///
 /// # Example
-/// ```
+///
+/// ```ignore
 /// # use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 /// build_from_pretty("42:int2"); // literal
 /// build_from_pretty("$0:int8"); // inputref
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_array_transform.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
similarity index 62%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
index 6e2591ad61f73..8dacaf70672f8 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_case.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
@@ -153,106 +153,69 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CaseExpression {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::row::Row;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_common::types::Scalar;
+    use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
+    use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
-    async fn test_eval_row(expr: CaseExpression, row_inputs: Vec<i32>, expected: Vec<Option<f32>>) {
-        for (i, row_input) in row_inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(row_input.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let datum = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = expected[i].map(|f| f.into());
-            assert_eq!(datum, expected)
-        }
-    }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_eval_searched_case() {
-        let ret_type = DataType::Float32;
-        // when x <= 2 then 3.1 else 4.1
+        // when x then 1 else 2
         let when_clauses = vec![WhenClause {
-            when: build_from_pretty("(less_than_or_equal:boolean (cast:float4 $0:int4) 2:float4)"),
-            then: build_from_pretty("3.1:float4"),
+            when: build_from_pretty("$0:boolean"),
+            then: build_from_pretty("1:int4"),
         }];
-        let els = build_from_pretty("4.1:float4");
-        let searched_case_expr = CaseExpression::new(ret_type, when_clauses, Some(els));
-        let input = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "i
-             1
-             2
-             3
-             4
-             5",
-        );
-        let output = searched_case_expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(0), Some(3.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(1), Some(3.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(2), Some(4.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(3), Some(4.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(4), Some(4.1f32.into()));
+        let els = build_from_pretty("2:int4");
+        let case = CaseExpression::new(DataType::Int32, when_clauses, Some(els));
+        let (input, expected) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "B i
+             t 1
+             f 2
+             t 1
+             t 1
+             f 2",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(1);
+
+        // test eval
+        let output = case.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&output, expected.column_at(0));
+
+        // test eval_row
+        for (row, expected) in input.rows().zip_eq_debug(expected.rows()) {
+            let result = case.eval_row(&row.to_owned_row()).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(result, expected.datum_at(0).to_owned_datum());
+        }
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_eval_without_else() {
-        let ret_type = DataType::Float32;
-        // when x <= 3 then 3.1
-        let when_clauses = vec![WhenClause {
-            when: build_from_pretty("(less_than_or_equal:boolean (cast:float4 $0:int4) 3:float4)"),
-            then: build_from_pretty("3.1:float4"),
-        }];
-        let searched_case_expr = CaseExpression::new(ret_type, when_clauses, None);
-        let input = DataChunk::from_pretty(
-            "i
-             3
-             4
-             3
-             4",
-        );
-        let output = searched_case_expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(0), Some(3.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(1), None);
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(2), Some(3.1f32.into()));
-        assert_eq!(output.datum_at(3), None);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_row_searched_case() {
-        let ret_type = DataType::Float32;
-        // when x <= 2 then 3.1 else 4.1
+        // when x then 1
         let when_clauses = vec![WhenClause {
-            when: build_from_pretty("(less_than_or_equal:boolean (cast:float4 $0:int4) 2:float4)"),
-            then: build_from_pretty("3.1:float4"),
+            when: build_from_pretty("$0:boolean"),
+            then: build_from_pretty("1:int4"),
         }];
-        let els = build_from_pretty("4.1:float4");
-        let searched_case_expr = CaseExpression::new(ret_type, when_clauses, Some(els));
-
-        let row_inputs = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
-        let expected = vec![
-            Some(3.1f32),
-            Some(3.1f32),
-            Some(4.1f32),
-            Some(4.1f32),
-            Some(4.1f32),
-        ];
-
-        test_eval_row(searched_case_expr, row_inputs, expected).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_eval_row_without_else() {
-        let ret_type = DataType::Float32;
-        // when x <= 3 then 3.1
-        let when_clauses = vec![WhenClause {
-            when: build_from_pretty("(less_than_or_equal:boolean (cast:float4 $0:int4) 3:float4)"),
-            then: build_from_pretty("3.1:float4"),
-        }];
-        let searched_case_expr = CaseExpression::new(ret_type, when_clauses, None);
-
-        let row_inputs = vec![2, 3, 4, 5];
-        let expected = vec![Some(3.1f32), Some(3.1f32), None, None];
-
-        test_eval_row(searched_case_expr, row_inputs, expected).await;
+        let case = CaseExpression::new(DataType::Int32, when_clauses, None);
+        let (input, expected) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "B i
+             t 1
+             f .
+             t 1
+             f .",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(1);
+
+        // test eval
+        let output = case.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&output, expected.column_at(0));
+
+        // test eval_row
+        for (row, expected) in input.rows().zip_eq_debug(expected.rows()) {
+            let result = case.eval_row(&row.to_owned_row()).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(result, expected.datum_at(0).to_owned_datum());
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_field.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_in.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_literal.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
index 7f5c800502557..617b2ed3add63 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@
 //! [`eval`]: Expression::eval
 
 // These modules define concrete expression structures.
+mod and_or;
 mod expr_array_transform;
-mod expr_binary_nonnull;
-mod expr_binary_nullable;
 mod expr_case;
 mod expr_coalesce;
 mod expr_field;
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ mod expr_input_ref;
 mod expr_literal;
 mod expr_some_all;
 pub(crate) mod expr_udf;
-mod expr_unary;
 mod expr_vnode;
 pub(crate) mod wrapper;
 
@@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ const STRICT_MODE: bool = false;
 ///
 /// # Example
 /// ```ignore
-/// #[function("foo(int32) -> int64")]
+/// #[function("foo(int4) -> int8")]
 /// fn foo(a: i32, ctx: &Context) -> i64 {
 ///    assert_eq!(ctx.arg_types[0], DataType::Int32);
 ///    assert_eq!(ctx.return_type, DataType::Int64);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/test_utils.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/test_utils.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/value.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/value.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
similarity index 86%
rename from src/expr/src/lib.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
index c8f2e432f79af..625c65ccbc516 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,27 +14,24 @@
 
 #![allow(non_snake_case)] // for `ctor` generated code
 #![feature(let_chains)]
-#![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
-#![feature(exclusive_range_pattern)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![feature(round_ties_even)]
 #![feature(generators)]
-#![feature(test)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
 
 extern crate self as risingwave_expr;
 
-pub mod agg;
+pub mod aggregate;
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod codegen;
 mod error;
 pub mod expr;
+pub mod scalar;
 pub mod sig;
 pub mod table_function;
-pub mod vector_op;
 pub mod window_function;
 
-pub use ctor::ctor;
 pub use error::{ExprError, Result};
 pub use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 pub use risingwave_expr_macro::*;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/like.rs b/src/expr/core/src/scalar/like.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/like.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/scalar/like.rs
index 13acc3aab53a7..32894accbcf2c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/like.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/scalar/like.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 fn like_impl<const ESCAPE: u8, const CASE_INSENSITIVE: bool>(s: &str, p: &str) -> bool {
     let (mut px, mut sx) = (0, 0);
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/scalar/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/scalar/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..483091270fa00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/scalar/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod like;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
index 455dc368eaa47..2df599c61464d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataTypeName;
 
 use super::FuncSigDebug;
-use crate::agg::{AggCall, AggKind, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use crate::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub static AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<AggFuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/cast.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/cast.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/sig/cast.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/sig/cast.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f6557686c8ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Function signatures.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
+use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
+
+use super::FuncSigDebug;
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
+
+pub static FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<FuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
+    let mut map = FuncSigMap::default();
+    tracing::info!("{} function signatures loaded.", FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.len());
+    for desc in FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.drain(..) {
+        map.insert(desc);
+    }
+    map
+});
+
+/// The table of function signatures.
+pub fn func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static FuncSign> {
+    FUNC_SIG_MAP.0.values().flatten()
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<PbType, Vec<FuncSign>>);
+
+impl FuncSigMap {
+    /// Inserts a function signature.
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, desc: FuncSign) {
+        self.0.entry(desc.func).or_default().push(desc)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a function signature with the same type, argument types and return type.
+    /// Deprecated functions are included.
+    pub fn get(&self, ty: PbType, args: &[DataTypeName], ret: DataTypeName) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
+        let v = self.0.get(&ty)?;
+        v.iter()
+            .find(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type == args) && d.ret_type == ret)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
+    /// Deprecated functions are excluded.
+    pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, ty: PbType, nargs: usize) -> Vec<&FuncSign> {
+        match self.0.get(&ty) {
+            Some(v) => v
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type.len() == nargs) && !d.deprecated)
+                .collect(),
+            None => vec![],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A function signature.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct FuncSign {
+    pub func: PbType,
+    pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
+    pub variadic: bool,
+    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
+    pub build: fn(return_type: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    /// Whether the function is deprecated and should not be used in the frontend.
+    /// For backward compatibility, it is still available in the backend.
+    pub deprecated: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        FuncSigDebug {
+            func: self.func.as_str_name(),
+            inputs_type: self.inputs_type,
+            ret_type: self.ret_type,
+            set_returning: false,
+            deprecated: self.deprecated,
+            append_only: false,
+        }
+        .fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Register a function into global registry.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This function must be called sequentially.
+///
+/// It is designed to be used by `#[function]` macro.
+/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub unsafe fn _register(desc: FuncSign) {
+    FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.push(desc)
+}
+
+/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
+///
+/// `#[function]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
+/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
+/// `FUNC_SIG_MAP` on the first access of `FUNC_SIG_MAP`.
+static mut FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT: Vec<FuncSign> = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/sig/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/sig/table_function.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/empty.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/empty.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/table_function/empty.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
index 2f64f8449a23d..daba4e3c5c987 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -28,13 +28,7 @@ use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
 use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 
 mod empty;
-mod generate_series;
-mod generate_subscripts;
-mod jsonb;
-mod pg_expandarray;
-mod regexp_matches;
 mod repeat;
-mod unnest;
 mod user_defined;
 
 pub use self::empty::*;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/repeat.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/repeat.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/repeat.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/table_function/repeat.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/call.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/call.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/call.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/call.rs
index 11586c6252bcc..a74beb672fd4f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/call.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/call.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::expr::window_frame::{PbBound, PbExclusion};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbWindowFrame, PbWindowFunction};
 
 use super::WindowFuncKind;
-use crate::agg::AggArgs;
+use crate::aggregate::AggArgs;
 use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/kind.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/kind.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
index 1b6af945ede63..4c705dd9b19c6 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/kind.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use parse_display::{Display, FromStr};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 
-use crate::agg::AggKind;
+use crate::aggregate::AggKind;
 use crate::Result;
 
 /// Kind of window functions.
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/mod.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
index 749baf7784343..7deee85693ef2 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/aggregate.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
-use futures::FutureExt;
+use futures_util::FutureExt;
 use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use super::buffer::WindowBuffer;
 use super::{StateEvictHint, StateKey, StatePos, WindowState};
-use crate::agg::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use crate::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use crate::window_function::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use crate::Result;
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/buffer.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
index 7abf30fc5f5c7..fd485292c9382 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/row_number.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::agg::AggArgs;
+    use crate::aggregate::AggArgs;
     use crate::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
 
     fn create_state_key(pk: i64) -> StateKey {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/window_function/states.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/states.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/window_function/states.rs
rename to src/expr/core/src/window_function/states.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/impl/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..81cd685c4dc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+[package]
+name = "risingwave_expr_impl"
+description = "RisingWave function implementations."
+version = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["workspace-hack", "ctor"]
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = ["workspace-hack", "ctor"]
+
+[dependencies]
+aho-corasick = "1"
+anyhow = "1"
+async-trait = "0.1"
+auto_enums = "0.8"
+chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
+    "clock",
+    "std",
+] }
+fancy-regex = "0.11"
+futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
+futures-util = "0.3"
+hex = "0.4"
+itertools = "0.11"
+md5 = "0.7"
+num-traits = "0.2"
+regex = "1"
+risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_expr = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
+rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
+self_cell = "1.0.1"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+sha1 = "0.10"
+sha2 = "0.10"
+thiserror = "1"
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = ["time"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
+workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+criterion = { workspace = true }
+expect-test = "1"
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
+    "rt",
+    "macros",
+] }
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "expr"
+harness = false
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/src/expr/README.md b/src/expr/impl/README.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/README.md
rename to src/expr/impl/README.md
diff --git a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs b/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/benches/expr.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
index 7dca801e057d6..76a00b0974c49 100644
--- a/src/expr/benches/expr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@
 // `zip_eq` is a source of poor performance.
 #![allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 use criterion::async_executor::FuturesExecutor;
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::agg_func_sigs;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::func::func_sigs;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs
index d4a349147d31f..fc8a0caed2c9f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/append_only.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
+use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
 use super::Bucket;
-use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug, EstimateSize)]
 pub struct AppendOnlyBucket(pub u8);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
index 8a78edeb5a415..d5b9d715b7317 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/mod.rs
@@ -22,12 +22,11 @@ use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState};
+use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, ExprError, Result};
 
 use self::append_only::AppendOnlyBucket;
 use self::updatable::UpdatableBucket;
-use super::{AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 mod append_only;
 mod updatable;
@@ -42,13 +41,13 @@ const LOG_COUNT_BITS: u8 = 6;
 const BIAS_CORRECTION: f64 = 0.7213 / (1. + (1.079 / NUM_OF_REGISTERS as f64));
 
 /// Count the approximate number of unique non-null values.
-#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int64", state = "int64")]
+#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int8", state = "int8")]
 fn build_updatable(_agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
     Ok(Box::new(UpdatableApproxCountDistinct))
 }
 
 /// Count the approximate number of unique non-null values.
-#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int64", state = "int64[]", append_only)]
+#[build_aggregate("approx_count_distinct(*) -> int8", state = "int8[]", append_only)]
 fn build_append_only(_agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
     Ok(Box::new(AppendOnlyApproxCountDistinct))
 }
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for UpdatableApproxCountDistinct {
     fn decode_state(&self, datum: Datum) -> Result<AggregateState> {
         // FIXME: restore state of updatable registers properly
         let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(initial_count)) = datum else {
-            return Err(ExprError::InvalidState("expect int64".into()));
+            return Err(ExprError::InvalidState("expect int8".into()));
         };
         Ok(AggregateState::Any(Box::new(UpdatableRegisters {
             initial_count,
@@ -337,12 +336,11 @@ fn pos_in_serialized(bucket_idx: usize) -> (usize, usize, u32) {
 mod tests {
     use futures_util::FutureExt;
     use risingwave_common::array::{Array, DataChunk, I32Array, StreamChunk};
-
-    use crate::agg::AggCall;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
-        let approx_count_distinct = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let approx_count_distinct = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(approx_count_distinct:int8 $0:int4)",
         ))
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/approx_count_distinct/updatable.rs
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
similarity index 89%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
index 02f29a308fa64..21355418810f9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/array_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, ScalarRef};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
 #[aggregate("array_agg(*) -> list")]
 fn array_agg<'a>(state: Option<ListValue>, value: Option<impl ScalarRef<'a>>) -> ListValue {
@@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ fn array_agg<'a>(state: Option<ListValue>, value: Option<impl ScalarRef<'a>>) ->
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StreamChunk};
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
-
-    use crate::agg::AggCall;
-    use crate::Result;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_array_agg_basic() -> Result<()> {
@@ -39,8 +38,7 @@ mod tests {
             + 456
             + 789",
         );
-        let array_agg =
-            crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
+        let array_agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
         let mut state = array_agg.create_state();
         array_agg.update(&mut state, &chunk).await?;
         let actual = array_agg.get_result(&state).await?;
@@ -53,8 +51,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_array_agg_empty() -> Result<()> {
-        let array_agg =
-            crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
+        let array_agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty("(array_agg:int4[] $0:int4)"))?;
         let mut state = array_agg.create_state();
 
         assert_eq!(array_agg.get_result(&state).await?, None);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_and.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_and.rs
index ac716403ddbd1..0560a56e56773 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_and.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_and.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
 /// Returns true if all non-null input values are true, otherwise false.
 ///
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn bool_and_append_only(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 struct BoolAndUpdatable;
 
-#[aggregate("bool_and(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int64")]
+#[aggregate("bool_and(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int8")]
 impl BoolAndUpdatable {
     // state is the number of false values
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_or.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_or.rs
index ad0c74bedacf3..919ae904dbb7c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/bool_or.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bool_or.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
 /// Returns true if any non-null input value is true, otherwise false.
 ///
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn bool_or_append_only(state: bool, input: bool) -> bool {
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 struct BoolOrUpdatable;
 
-#[aggregate("bool_or(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int64")]
+#[aggregate("bool_or(boolean) -> boolean", state = "int8")]
 impl BoolOrUpdatable {
     // state is the number of true values
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
index d746641fadfc8..dfdf1967d554c 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/general.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
@@ -16,20 +16,18 @@ use std::convert::From;
 use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor};
 
 use num_traits::{CheckedAdd, CheckedSub};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-#[aggregate("sum(int16) -> int64")]
-#[aggregate("sum(int32) -> int64")]
-#[aggregate("sum(int64) -> int64")]
-#[aggregate("sum(int64) -> decimal")]
-#[aggregate("sum(float32) -> float32")]
-#[aggregate("sum(float64) -> float64")]
+use risingwave_expr::{aggregate, ExprError, Result};
+
+#[aggregate("sum(int2) -> int8")]
+#[aggregate("sum(int4) -> int8")]
+#[aggregate("sum(int8) -> int8")]
+#[aggregate("sum(int8) -> decimal")]
+#[aggregate("sum(float4) -> float4")]
+#[aggregate("sum(float8) -> float8")]
 #[aggregate("sum(decimal) -> decimal")]
 #[aggregate("sum(interval) -> interval")]
 #[aggregate("sum(int256) -> int256")]
-#[aggregate("sum0(int64) -> int64", init_state = "0i64")]
+#[aggregate("sum0(int8) -> int8", init_state = "0i64")]
 fn sum<S, T>(state: S, input: T, retract: bool) -> Result<S>
 where
     S: Default + From<T> + CheckedAdd<Output = S> + CheckedSub<Output = S>,
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ fn last_value<T>(_: T, input: T) -> T {
 /// statement ok
 /// drop table t;
 /// ```
-#[aggregate("count(*) -> int64", init_state = "0i64")]
+#[aggregate("count(*) -> int8", init_state = "0i64")]
 fn count<T>(state: i64, _: T, retract: bool) -> i64 {
     if retract {
         state - 1
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ fn count<T>(state: i64, _: T, retract: bool) -> i64 {
     }
 }
 
-#[aggregate("count() -> int64", init_state = "0i64")]
+#[aggregate("count() -> int8", init_state = "0i64")]
 fn count_star(state: i64, retract: bool) -> i64 {
     if retract {
         state - 1
@@ -146,12 +144,11 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::*;
     use risingwave_common::test_utils::{rand_bitmap, rand_stream_chunk};
     use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, Decimal};
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
     use test::Bencher;
 
-    use crate::agg::AggCall;
-
     fn test_agg(pretty: &str, input: StreamChunk, expected: Datum) {
-        let agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
         agg.update(&mut state, &input)
             .now_or_never()
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn sum_int32() {
+    fn sum_int4() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " i
             + 3
@@ -174,7 +171,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn sum_int64() {
+    fn sum_int8() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " I
             + 3
@@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn sum_float64() {
+    fn sum_float8() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " F
             + 1.0
@@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn min_int64() {
+    fn min_int8() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " I
             + 1  D
@@ -263,7 +260,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn min_float32() {
+    fn min_float4() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " f
             + 1.0  D
@@ -300,7 +297,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn max_int64() {
+    fn max_int8() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " I
             + 1
@@ -322,7 +319,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn count_int32() {
+    fn count_int4() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " i
             + 1
@@ -391,7 +388,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn bitxor_int64() {
+    fn bitxor_int8() {
         let input = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             " I
             + 1
@@ -419,7 +416,7 @@ mod tests {
             rand_stream_chunk::gen_legal_stream_chunk(&vis, chunk_size, append_only, 666);
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, DataChunk::new(vec![Arc::new(data)], vis));
         let pretty = format!("({agg_desc}:int8 $0:int8)");
-        let agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
+        let agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(pretty)).unwrap();
         let mut state = agg.create_state();
         b.iter(|| {
             agg.update(&mut state, &chunk)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/jsonb_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/jsonb_agg.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
index b4975dd2c483b..3a9aea4016ccd 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/jsonb_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::types::JsonbVal;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::{aggregate, ExprError, Result};
 use serde_json::Value;
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
 #[aggregate("jsonb_agg(boolean) -> jsonb")]
 #[aggregate("jsonb_agg(*int) -> jsonb")]
 #[aggregate("jsonb_agg(*float) -> jsonb")]
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..22cfa7ce8b588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod approx_count_distinct;
+mod array_agg;
+mod bool_and;
+mod bool_or;
+mod general;
+mod jsonb_agg;
+mod mode;
+mod percentile_cont;
+mod percentile_disc;
+mod string_agg;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/mode.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/mode.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
index 6cf26c0bb64f5..cfdad33f98664 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/mode.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_aggregate;
-
-use super::{AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
-use crate::agg::AggCall;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
+    AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction,
+};
+use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, Result};
 
 #[build_aggregate("mode(*) -> auto")]
 fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/percentile_cont.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_cont.rs
similarity index 89%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/percentile_cont.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_cont.rs
index 56740695ebd14..46002d1f596f7 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/percentile_cont.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_cont.rs
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@
 use std::ops::Range;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_aggregate;
-
-use super::{AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState};
-use crate::agg::AggCall;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState};
+use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, Result};
 
 /// Computes the continuous percentile, a value corresponding to the specified fraction within the
 /// ordered set of aggregated argument values. This will interpolate between adjacent input items if
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ use crate::Result;
 /// statement ok
 /// drop table t;
 /// ```
-#[build_aggregate("percentile_cont(float64) -> float64")]
+#[build_aggregate("percentile_cont(float8) -> float8")]
 fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<Box<dyn AggregateFunction>> {
     let fraction = agg.direct_args[0]
         .literal()
@@ -74,14 +72,15 @@ pub struct PercentileCont {
     fraction: Option<f64>,
 }
 
-type State = Vec<f64>;
+#[derive(Debug, Default, EstimateSize)]
+struct State(Vec<f64>);
 
 impl AggStateDyn for State {}
 
 impl PercentileCont {
     fn add_datum(&self, state: &mut State, datum_ref: DatumRef<'_>) {
         if let Some(datum) = datum_ref.to_owned_datum() {
-            state.push((*datum.as_float64()).into());
+            state.0.push((*datum.as_float64()).into());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for PercentileCont {
     }
 
     async fn get_result(&self, state: &AggregateState) -> Result<Datum> {
-        let state = state.downcast_ref::<State>();
+        let state = &state.downcast_ref::<State>().0;
         Ok(if let Some(fraction) = self.fraction && !state.is_empty() {
             let rn = fraction * (state.len() - 1) as f64;
             let crn = f64::ceil(rn);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/percentile_disc.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/percentile_disc.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
index 2c65b7aa52a61..daac4085967af 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/percentile_disc.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::build_aggregate;
-
-use super::{AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
-use crate::agg::AggCall;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
+    AggCall, AggStateDyn, AggregateFunction, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction,
+};
+use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, Result};
 
 /// Computes the discrete percentile, the first value within the ordered set of aggregated argument
 /// values whose position in the ordering equals or exceeds the specified fraction. The aggregated
diff --git a/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
similarity index 89%
rename from src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
index 7b7a06ffe5567..d24303fe1f708 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/agg/string_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::bail;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::aggregate;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
 #[aggregate("string_agg(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 fn string_agg(
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ fn string_agg(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::*;
-
-    use crate::agg::AggCall;
-    use crate::Result;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::Result;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_string_agg_basic() -> Result<()> {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ mod tests {
             + ccc ,
             + ddd ,",
         );
-        let string_agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let string_agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(string_agg:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar)",
         ))?;
         let mut state = string_agg.create_state();
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ mod tests {
             + ccc _
             + ddd .",
         );
-        let string_agg = crate::agg::build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
+        let string_agg = build_append_only(&AggCall::from_pretty(
             "(string_agg:varchar $0:varchar $1:varchar)",
         ))?;
         let mut state = string_agg.create_state();
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a5906e4320282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Function implementations.
+//!
+//! To enable functions in this crate, add the following line to your code:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+//! ```
+
+#![allow(non_snake_case)] // for `ctor` generated code
+#![feature(let_chains)]
+#![feature(assert_matches)]
+#![feature(lint_reasons)]
+#![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
+#![feature(exclusive_range_pattern)]
+#![feature(lazy_cell)]
+#![feature(round_ties_even)]
+#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(test)]
+#![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
+
+mod aggregate;
+mod scalar;
+mod table_function;
+
+/// Enable functions in this crate.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! enable {
+    () => {
+        use risingwave_expr_impl as _;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/arithmetic_op.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/arithmetic_op.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/arithmetic_op.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/arithmetic_op.rs
index bbe6c5daa9484..f12bf6dc5e649 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/arithmetic_op.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/arithmetic_op.rs
@@ -20,13 +20,11 @@ use num_traits::{CheckedDiv, CheckedMul, CheckedNeg, CheckedRem, CheckedSub, Zer
 use risingwave_common::types::{
     CheckedAdd, Date, Decimal, FloatExt, Interval, IsNegative, Time, Timestamp, F64,
 };
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 use rust_decimal::MathematicalOps;
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
 #[function("add(*int, *int) -> auto")]
-#[function("add(*numeric, *numeric) -> auto")]
+#[function("add(decimal, decimal) -> auto")]
 #[function("add(*float, *float) -> auto")]
 #[function("add(interval, interval) -> interval")]
 #[function("add(int256, int256) -> int256")]
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[function("subtract(*int, *int) -> auto")]
-#[function("subtract(*numeric, *numeric) -> auto")]
+#[function("subtract(decimal, decimal) -> auto")]
 #[function("subtract(*float, *float) -> auto")]
 #[function("subtract(interval, interval) -> interval")]
 #[function("subtract(int256, int256) -> int256")]
@@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[function("multiply(*int, *int) -> auto")]
-#[function("multiply(*numeric, *numeric) -> auto")]
+#[function("multiply(decimal, decimal) -> auto")]
 #[function("multiply(*float, *float) -> auto")]
 #[function("multiply(int256, int256) -> int256")]
 pub fn general_mul<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> Result<T3>
@@ -73,10 +71,10 @@ where
 }
 
 #[function("divide(*int, *int) -> auto")]
-#[function("divide(*numeric, *numeric) -> auto")]
+#[function("divide(decimal, decimal) -> auto")]
 #[function("divide(*float, *float) -> auto")]
 #[function("divide(int256, int256) -> int256")]
-#[function("divide(int256, float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("divide(int256, float8) -> float8")]
 #[function("divide(int256, *int) -> int256")]
 pub fn general_div<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> Result<T3>
 where
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[function("modulus(*int, *int) -> auto")]
-#[function("modulus(*numeric, *numeric) -> auto")]
+#[function("modulus(decimal, decimal) -> auto")]
 #[function("modulus(int256, int256) -> int256")]
 pub fn general_mod<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> Result<T3>
 where
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ fn err_pow_negative_fract() -> ExprError {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("pow(float64, float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("pow(float8, float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn pow_f64(l: F64, r: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     if l.is_zero() && r.0 < 0.0 {
         return Err(err_pow_zero_negative());
@@ -223,7 +221,7 @@ pub fn timestamp_timestamp_sub(l: Timestamp, r: Timestamp) -> Result<Interval> {
     Ok(Interval::from_month_day_usec(0, days as i32, usecs))
 }
 
-#[function("subtract(date, date) -> int32")]
+#[function("subtract(date, date) -> int4")]
 pub fn date_date_sub(l: Date, r: Date) -> Result<i32> {
     Ok((l.0 - r.0).num_days() as i32) // this does not overflow or underflow
 }
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ pub fn date_interval_sub(l: Date, r: Interval) -> Result<Timestamp> {
     interval_date_add(r.checked_neg().ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?, l)
 }
 
-#[function("add(date, int32) -> date")]
+#[function("add(date, int4) -> date")]
 pub fn date_int_add(l: Date, r: i32) -> Result<Date> {
     let date = l.0;
     let date_wrapper = date
@@ -265,12 +263,12 @@ pub fn date_int_add(l: Date, r: i32) -> Result<Date> {
     date_wrapper.ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("add(int32, date) -> date")]
+#[function("add(int4, date) -> date")]
 pub fn int_date_add(l: i32, r: Date) -> Result<Date> {
     date_int_add(r, l)
 }
 
-#[function("subtract(date, int32) -> date")]
+#[function("subtract(date, int4) -> date")]
 pub fn date_int_sub(l: Date, r: i32) -> Result<Date> {
     let date = l.0;
     let date_wrapper = date
@@ -342,7 +340,7 @@ pub fn time_interval_add(l: Time, r: Interval) -> Result<Time> {
 }
 
 #[function("divide(interval, *int) -> interval")]
-#[function("divide(interval, *numeric) -> interval")]
+#[function("divide(interval, decimal) -> interval")]
 #[function("divide(interval, *float) -> interval")]
 pub fn interval_float_div<T2>(l: Interval, r: T2) -> Result<Interval>
 where
@@ -351,8 +349,8 @@ where
     l.div_float(r).ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("multiply(interval, float32) -> interval")]
-#[function("multiply(interval, float64) -> interval")]
+#[function("multiply(interval, float4) -> interval")]
+#[function("multiply(interval, float8) -> interval")]
 #[function("multiply(interval, decimal) -> interval")]
 pub fn interval_float_mul<T2>(l: Interval, r: T2) -> Result<Interval>
 where
@@ -361,8 +359,8 @@ where
     l.mul_float(r).ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("multiply(float32, interval) -> interval")]
-#[function("multiply(float64, interval) -> interval")]
+#[function("multiply(float4, interval) -> interval")]
+#[function("multiply(float8, interval) -> interval")]
 #[function("multiply(decimal, interval) -> interval")]
 pub fn float_interval_mul<T1>(l: T1, r: Interval) -> Result<Interval>
 where
@@ -371,7 +369,7 @@ where
     r.mul_float(l).ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("sqrt(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("sqrt(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn sqrt_f64(expr: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     if expr < F64::from(0.0) {
         return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
@@ -404,12 +402,12 @@ pub fn sqrt_decimal(expr: Decimal) -> Result<Decimal> {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("cbrt(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cbrt(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cbrt_f64(expr: F64) -> F64 {
     expr.cbrt()
 }
 
-#[function("sign(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("sign(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn sign_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     match input.0.partial_cmp(&0.) {
         Some(std::cmp::Ordering::Less) => (-1).into(),
@@ -424,12 +422,12 @@ pub fn sign_dec(input: Decimal) -> Decimal {
     input.sign()
 }
 
-#[function("scale(decimal) -> int32")]
+#[function("scale(decimal) -> int4")]
 pub fn decimal_scale(d: Decimal) -> Option<i32> {
     d.scale()
 }
 
-#[function("min_scale(decimal) -> int32")]
+#[function("min_scale(decimal) -> int4")]
 pub fn decimal_min_scale(d: Decimal) -> Option<i32> {
     d.normalize().scale()
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
index 26f1fa2492064..a0020b7ea4e26 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StructValue};
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("array(...) -> list")]
 fn array(row: impl Row) -> ListValue {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_access.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
index 40c4568c7d467..925ea496181b4 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Scalar, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
-use crate::Result;
-
-#[function("array_access(list, int32) -> *")]
+#[function("array_access(list, int4) -> *")]
 pub fn array_access<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>, index: i32) -> Result<Option<T>> {
     // index must be greater than 0 following a one-based numbering convention for arrays
     if index < 1 {
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_int32_array_access() {
+    fn test_int4_array_access() {
         let v1 = ListValue::new(vec![
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(1)),
             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(2)),
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
index 9da29b7eef3ce..b63ae05a4fc32 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_concat.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, ScalarRef, ScalarRefImpl};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::expr::Context;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::Context;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Concatenates the two arrays.
 ///
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_distinct.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_distinct.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
index 22084b0e11ac7..573648006eb98 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_distinct.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Returns a new array removing all the duplicates from the input array
 ///
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
index 736341198186f..465ac50b4d4fb 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_length.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
@@ -15,14 +15,12 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::ExprError;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError};
 
 /// Returns the length of an array.
 ///
 /// ```sql
-/// array_length (array anyarray) → int64
+/// array_length (array anyarray) → int8
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Examples:
@@ -61,8 +59,8 @@ use crate::ExprError;
 /// query error Cannot implicitly cast
 /// select array_length(null);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_length(list) -> int32")]
-#[function("array_length(list) -> int64", deprecated)]
+#[function("array_length(list) -> int4")]
+#[function("array_length(list) -> int8", deprecated)]
 fn array_length<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T, ExprError> {
     array
         .len()
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ fn array_length<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T, ExprError> {
 /// statement error
 /// select array_length(array[null, array[2]], 2);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_length(list, int32) -> int32")]
+#[function("array_length(list, int4) -> int4")]
 fn array_length_of_dim(array: ListRef<'_>, d: i32) -> Result<Option<i32>, ExprError> {
     match d {
         ..=0 => Ok(None),
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_min_max.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_min_max.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
index 1ff1a4086f2cd..86652b8123970 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_min_max.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DefaultOrdered, Scalar, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 /// FIXME: #[`function("array_min(list`) -> any")] supports
 /// In this way we could avoid manual macro expansion
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_positions.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_positions.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
index fdaffcafe0426..bfef1fd8c6f13 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_positions.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarImpl, ScalarRef};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::error::ExprError;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Returns the subscript of the first occurrence of the second argument in the array, or `NULL` if
 /// it's not present.
@@ -68,7 +65,7 @@ use crate::Result;
 /// ----
 /// 2
 /// ```
-#[function("array_position(list, *) -> int32")]
+#[function("array_position(list, *) -> int4")]
 fn array_position<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
     element: Option<T>,
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ fn array_position<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
 ///  4    4
 ///  5 NULL
 /// ```
-#[function("array_position(list, *, int32) -> int32")]
+#[function("array_position(list, *, int4) -> int4")]
 fn array_position_start<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
     element: Option<T>,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_range_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_range_access.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
index d2dea7e10ffdb..785160a74c5ce 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_range_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 /// If the case is `array[1,2,3][:2]`, then start will be 0 set by the frontend
 /// If the case is `array[1,2,3][1:]`, then end will be `i32::MAX` set by the frontend
-#[function("array_range_access(list, int32, int32) -> list")]
+#[function("array_range_access(list, int4, int4) -> list")]
 pub fn array_range_access(list: ListRef<'_>, start: i32, end: i32) -> Result<Option<ListValue>> {
     let mut data = vec![];
     let list_all_values = list.iter();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_remove.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_remove.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
index 96f522637cc04..9c799fd71dd91 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_remove.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRef, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Removes all elements equal to the given value from the array.
 /// Note the behavior is slightly different from PG.
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_replace.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
similarity index 90%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_replace.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
index a0f302fc39f25..38760bae2871e 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_replace.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRef, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Replaces each array element equal to the second argument with the third argument.
 ///
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 /// select array_replace(array[array[array[0, 1], array[2, 3]], array[array[4, 5], array[6, 7]]], array[4, 5], array[8, 9]);
 /// ```
 #[function("array_replace(list, boolean, boolean) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int16, int16) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int32, int32) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int64, int64) -> list")]
+#[function("array_replace(list, int2, int2) -> list")]
+#[function("array_replace(list, int4, int4) -> list")]
+#[function("array_replace(list, int8, int8) -> list")]
 #[function("array_replace(list, decimal, decimal) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, float32, float32) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, float64, float64) -> list")]
+#[function("array_replace(list, float4, float4) -> list")]
+#[function("array_replace(list, float8, float8) -> list")]
 #[function("array_replace(list, varchar, varchar) -> list")]
 #[function("array_replace(list, bytea, bytea) -> list")]
 #[function("array_replace(list, time, time) -> list")]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
index 7ba455d6bbd61..293954bd6139a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sort.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DatumRef, DefaultOrdered, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("array_sort(list) -> list")]
 pub fn array_sort(list: ListRef<'_>) -> ListValue {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
similarity index 90%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
index 45a0ae53a6ec7..f6751ad6af8f0 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_sum.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
@@ -14,16 +14,14 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ListRef};
 use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Decimal, Scalar, ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-/// `array_sum(int16`[]) -> int64
-/// `array_sum(int32`[]) -> int64
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> int64")]
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> float32")]
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> float64")]
-/// `array_sum(int64`[]) -> decimal
+/// `array_sum(int2`[]) -> int8
+/// `array_sum(int4`[]) -> int8
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> int8")]
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> float4")]
+#[function("array_sum(list) -> float8")]
+/// `array_sum(int8`[]) -> decimal
 /// `array_sum(decimal`[]) -> decimal
 #[function("array_sum(list) -> decimal")]
 #[function("array_sum(list) -> interval")]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
index 8dee164a56cf5..6e3ea72c5f4ed 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/array_to_string.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::expr::Context;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::Context;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Converts each array element to its text representation, and concatenates those
 /// separated by the delimiter string. If `null_string` is given and is not NULL,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/ascii.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/ascii.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/ascii.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/ascii.rs
index 72017a3db25ec..1a21b03405004 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/ascii.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/ascii.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("ascii(varchar) -> int32")]
+#[function("ascii(varchar) -> int4")]
 pub fn ascii(s: &str) -> i32 {
     s.chars().next().map(|x| x as i32).unwrap_or(0)
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/bitwise_op.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/bitwise_op.rs
similarity index 83%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/bitwise_op.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/bitwise_op.rs
index b89a0d1bae0b9..8bf8da7cd3f78 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/bitwise_op.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/bitwise_op.rs
@@ -17,21 +17,19 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor, Not};
 
 use num_traits::{CheckedShl, CheckedShr};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 // Conscious decision for shl and shr is made here to diverge from PostgreSQL.
 // If overflow happens, instead of truncated to zero, we return overflow error as this is
 // undefined behaviour. If the RHS is negative, instead of having an unexpected answer, we return an
 // error. If PG had clearly defined behavior rather than relying on UB of C, we would follow it even
 // when it is different from rust std.
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int16, int16) -> int16")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int16, int32) -> int16")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int32, int16) -> int32")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int32, int32) -> int32")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int64, int16) -> int64")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int64, int32) -> int64")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int2, int2) -> int2")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int2, int4) -> int2")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int4, int2) -> int4")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int4, int4) -> int4")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int8, int2) -> int8")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_left(int8, int4) -> int8")]
 pub fn general_shl<T1, T2>(l: T1, r: T2) -> Result<T1>
 where
     T1: CheckedShl + Debug,
@@ -42,12 +40,12 @@ where
     })
 }
 
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int16, int16) -> int16")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int16, int32) -> int16")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int32, int16) -> int32")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int32, int32) -> int32")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int64, int16) -> int64")]
-#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int64, int32) -> int64")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int2, int2) -> int2")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int2, int4) -> int2")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int4, int2) -> int4")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int4, int4) -> int4")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int8, int2) -> int8")]
+#[function("bitwise_shift_right(int8, int4) -> int8")]
 pub fn general_shr<T1, T2>(l: T1, r: T2) -> Result<T1>
 where
     T1: CheckedShr + Debug,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cardinality.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
similarity index 87%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/cardinality.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
index d482da3b30d39..c3b539cdeb4ea 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cardinality.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::ExprError;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Returns the total number of elements in the array.
 ///
 /// ```sql
-/// cardinality ( array anyarray) → int64
+/// cardinality ( array anyarray) → int8
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Examples:
@@ -59,9 +57,9 @@ use crate::ExprError;
 /// query error Cannot implicitly cast
 /// select cardinality(null);
 /// ```
-#[function("cardinality(list) -> int32")]
-#[function("cardinality(list) -> int64", deprecated)]
-fn cardinality<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T, ExprError> {
+#[function("cardinality(list) -> int4")]
+#[function("cardinality(list) -> int8", deprecated)]
+fn cardinality<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T> {
     array
         .flatten()
         .len()
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
similarity index 61%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
index e1a5f593cf4a9..89d643e524eac 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cast.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
@@ -18,54 +18,21 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use futures_util::FutureExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue, StructRef, StructValue};
-use risingwave_common::cast::{
-    parse_naive_date, parse_naive_datetime, parse_naive_time, str_to_bytea as str_to_bytea_common,
-};
+use risingwave_common::cast;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{
-    DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, IntoOrdered, JsonbRef, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp,
-    Timestamptz, ToText, F32, F64,
-};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Int256, IntoOrdered, JsonbRef, ToText, F64};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_func, Context, Expression, InputRefExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
 
-use crate::expr::{build_func, Context, Expression, InputRefExpression};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-/// String literals for bool type.
-///
-/// See [`https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/datatype-boolean.html`]
-const TRUE_BOOL_LITERALS: [&str; 9] = ["true", "tru", "tr", "t", "on", "1", "yes", "ye", "y"];
-const FALSE_BOOL_LITERALS: [&str; 10] = [
-    "false", "fals", "fal", "fa", "f", "off", "of", "0", "no", "n",
-];
-
-#[function("cast(varchar) -> date")]
-pub fn str_to_date(elem: &str) -> Result<Date> {
-    Ok(Date::new(
-        parse_naive_date(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))?,
-    ))
-}
-
-#[function("cast(varchar) -> time")]
-pub fn str_to_time(elem: &str) -> Result<Time> {
-    Ok(Time::new(
-        parse_naive_time(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))?,
-    ))
-}
-
-#[function("cast(varchar) -> timestamp")]
-pub fn str_to_timestamp(elem: &str) -> Result<Timestamp> {
-    Ok(Timestamp::new(
-        parse_naive_datetime(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))?,
-    ))
-}
-
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> *int")]
-#[function("cast(varchar) -> *numeric")]
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> decimal")]
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> *float")]
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> int256")]
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> date")]
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> time")]
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> timestamp")]
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> interval")]
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> jsonb")]
 pub fn str_parse<T>(elem: &str) -> Result<T>
@@ -78,9 +45,9 @@ where
         .map_err(|err: <T as FromStr>::Err| ExprError::Parse(err.to_string().into()))
 }
 
-#[function("cast(int16) -> int256")]
-#[function("cast(int32) -> int256")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> int256")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> int256")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> int256")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> int256")]
 pub fn to_int256<T: TryInto<Int256>>(elem: T) -> Result<Int256> {
     elem.try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::CastOutOfRange("int256"))
@@ -93,12 +60,12 @@ pub fn jsonb_to_bool(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Result<bool> {
 
 /// Note that PostgreSQL casts JSON numbers from arbitrary precision `numeric` but we use `f64`.
 /// This is less powerful but still meets RFC 8259 interoperability.
-#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int64")]
+#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(jsonb) -> int8")]
 #[function("cast(jsonb) -> decimal")]
-#[function("cast(jsonb) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(jsonb) -> float64")]
+#[function("cast(jsonb) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(jsonb) -> float8")]
 pub fn jsonb_to_number<T: TryFrom<F64>>(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Result<T> {
     v.as_number()
         .map_err(|e| ExprError::Parse(e.into()))?
@@ -107,44 +74,23 @@ pub fn jsonb_to_number<T: TryFrom<F64>>(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Result<T> {
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from timestamp to date discards the time part.
-#[function("cast(timestamp) -> date")]
-pub fn timestamp_to_date(elem: Timestamp) -> Date {
-    Date(elem.0.date())
-}
-
-/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from timestamp to time discards the date part.
-#[function("cast(timestamp) -> time")]
-pub fn timestamp_to_time(elem: Timestamp) -> Time {
-    Time(elem.0.time())
-}
-
-/// In `PostgreSQL`, casting from interval to time discards the days part.
-#[function("cast(interval) -> time")]
-pub fn interval_to_time(elem: Interval) -> Time {
-    let usecs = elem.usecs_of_day();
-    let secs = (usecs / 1_000_000) as u32;
-    let nano = (usecs % 1_000_000 * 1000) as u32;
-    Time::from_num_seconds_from_midnight_uncheck(secs, nano)
-}
-
-#[function("cast(int32) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(float32) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(float64) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(float32) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(float64) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(float32) -> int64")]
-#[function("cast(float64) -> int64")]
-#[function("cast(float64) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(decimal) -> int16")]
-#[function("cast(decimal) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(decimal) -> int64")]
-#[function("cast(decimal) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(decimal) -> float64")]
-#[function("cast(float32) -> decimal")]
-#[function("cast(float64) -> decimal")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(float4) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(float8) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(float4) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(float8) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(float4) -> int8")]
+#[function("cast(float8) -> int8")]
+#[function("cast(float8) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> int2")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> int8")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> float8")]
+#[function("cast(float4) -> decimal")]
+#[function("cast(float8) -> decimal")]
 pub fn try_cast<T1, T2>(elem: T1) -> Result<T2>
 where
     T1: TryInto<T2> + std::fmt::Debug + Copy,
@@ -153,24 +99,27 @@ where
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::CastOutOfRange(std::any::type_name::<T2>()))
 }
 
-#[function("cast(boolean) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(int16) -> int32")]
-#[function("cast(int16) -> int64")]
-#[function("cast(int16) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(int16) -> float64")]
-#[function("cast(int16) -> decimal")]
-#[function("cast(int32) -> int64")]
-#[function("cast(int32) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(int32) -> float64")]
-#[function("cast(int32) -> decimal")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> float32")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> float64")]
-#[function("cast(int64) -> decimal")]
-#[function("cast(float32) -> float64")]
+#[function("cast(boolean) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> int4")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> int8")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> float8")]
+#[function("cast(int2) -> decimal")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> int8")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> float8")]
+#[function("cast(int4) -> decimal")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> float4")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> float8")]
+#[function("cast(int8) -> decimal")]
+#[function("cast(float4) -> float8")]
 #[function("cast(date) -> timestamp")]
 #[function("cast(time) -> interval")]
+#[function("cast(timestamp) -> date")]
+#[function("cast(timestamp) -> time")]
+#[function("cast(interval) -> time")]
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> varchar")]
-#[function("cast(int256) -> float64")]
+#[function("cast(int256) -> float8")]
 pub fn cast<T1, T2>(elem: T1) -> T2
 where
     T1: Into<T2>,
@@ -180,31 +129,18 @@ where
 
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> boolean")]
 pub fn str_to_bool(input: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-    let trimmed_input = input.trim();
-    if TRUE_BOOL_LITERALS
-        .iter()
-        .any(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(trimmed_input))
-    {
-        Ok(true)
-    } else if FALSE_BOOL_LITERALS
-        .iter()
-        .any(|s| trimmed_input.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s))
-    {
-        Ok(false)
-    } else {
-        Err(ExprError::Parse("Invalid bool".into()))
-    }
+    cast::str_to_bool(input).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))
 }
 
-#[function("cast(int32) -> boolean")]
-pub fn int32_to_bool(input: i32) -> Result<bool> {
-    Ok(input != 0)
+#[function("cast(int4) -> boolean")]
+pub fn int_to_bool(input: i32) -> bool {
+    input != 0
 }
 
 // For most of the types, cast them to varchar is similar to return their text format.
 // So we use this function to cast type to varchar.
 #[function("cast(*int) -> varchar")]
-#[function("cast(*numeric) -> varchar")]
+#[function("cast(decimal) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(*float) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(int256) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(time) -> varchar")]
@@ -234,44 +170,7 @@ pub fn bool_out(input: bool, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 
 #[function("cast(varchar) -> bytea")]
 pub fn str_to_bytea(elem: &str) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-    str_to_bytea_common(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))
-}
-
-/// A lite version of casting from string to target type. Used by frontend to handle types that have
-/// to be created by casting.
-///
-/// For example, the user can input `1` or `true` directly, but they have to use
-/// `'2022-01-01'::date`.
-pub fn literal_parsing(
-    t: &DataType,
-    s: &str,
-) -> std::result::Result<ScalarImpl, Option<ExprError>> {
-    let scalar = match t {
-        DataType::Boolean => str_to_bool(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Int16 => str_parse::<i16>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Int32 => str_parse::<i32>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Int64 => str_parse::<i64>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Int256 => str_parse::<Int256>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Serial => return Err(None),
-        DataType::Decimal => str_parse::<Decimal>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Float32 => str_parse::<F32>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Float64 => str_parse::<F64>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Varchar => s.into(),
-        DataType::Date => str_to_date(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Timestamp => str_to_timestamp(s)?.into(),
-        // We only handle the case with timezone here, and leave the implicit session timezone case
-        // for later phase.
-        DataType::Timestamptz => str_parse::<Timestamptz>(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Time => str_to_time(s)?.into(),
-        DataType::Interval => str_parse::<Interval>(s)?.into(),
-        // Not processing list or struct literal right now. Leave it for later phase (normal backend
-        // evaluation).
-        DataType::List { .. } => return Err(None),
-        DataType::Struct(_) => return Err(None),
-        DataType::Jsonb => return Err(None),
-        DataType::Bytea => str_to_bytea(s)?.into(),
-    };
-    Ok(scalar)
+    cast::str_to_bytea(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))
 }
 
 // TODO(nanderstabel): optimize for multidimensional List. Depth can be given as a parameter to this
@@ -386,22 +285,23 @@ fn struct_cast(input: StructRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<StructValue> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{Scalar, StructType};
+    use itertools::Itertools;
+    use risingwave_common::array::*;
+    use risingwave_common::types::*;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
+    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
 
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn integer_cast_to_bool() {
-        use super::*;
-        assert!(int32_to_bool(32).unwrap());
-        assert!(int32_to_bool(-32).unwrap());
-        assert!(!int32_to_bool(0).unwrap());
+        assert!(int_to_bool(32));
+        assert!(int_to_bool(-32));
+        assert!(!int_to_bool(0));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn number_to_string() {
-        use super::*;
-
         macro_rules! test {
             ($fn:ident($value:expr), $right:literal) => {
                 let mut writer = String::new();
@@ -436,26 +336,6 @@ mod tests {
         test!(general_to_text(Decimal::NaN), "NaN");
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn temporal_cast() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            timestamp_to_date(str_to_timestamp("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap()),
-            str_to_date("1999-01-08").unwrap(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            timestamp_to_time(str_to_timestamp("1999-01-08 04:02").unwrap()),
-            str_to_time("04:02").unwrap(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            interval_to_time(Interval::from_month_day_usec(1, 2, 61000003)),
-            str_to_time("00:01:01.000003").unwrap(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            interval_to_time(Interval::from_month_day_usec(0, 0, -61000003)),
-            str_to_time("23:58:58.999997").unwrap(),
-        );
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_unnest() {
         assert_eq!(unnest("{ }").unwrap(), vec![] as Vec<String>);
@@ -611,17 +491,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_str_to_timestamp() {
-        let str1 = "0001-11-15 07:35:40.999999";
-        let timestamp1 = str_to_timestamp(str1).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(timestamp1.0.timestamp_micros(), -62108094259000001);
-
-        let str2 = "1969-12-31 23:59:59.999999";
-        let timestamp2 = str_to_timestamp(str2).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(timestamp2.0.timestamp_micros(), -1);
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_timestamp() {
         assert_eq!(
@@ -631,4 +500,184 @@ mod tests {
             )
         )
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_unary() {
+        test_unary_bool::<BoolArray, _>(|x| !x, PbType::Not).await;
+        test_unary_date::<TimestampArray, _>(|x| try_cast(x).unwrap(), PbType::Cast).await;
+        test_str_to_int16::<I16Array, _>(|x| str_parse(x).unwrap()).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_i16_to_i32() {
+        let mut input = Vec::<Option<i16>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100i16 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                target.push(Some(i as i32));
+                input.push(Some(i));
+            } else {
+                input.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            }
+        }
+        let col1 = I16Array::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(cast:int4 $0:int2)");
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &I32Array = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..input.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value())]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_neg() {
+        let input = [Some(1), Some(0), Some(-1)];
+        let target = [Some(-1), Some(0), Some(1)];
+
+        let col1 = I32Array::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 3);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(neg:int4 $0:int4)");
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &I32Array = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..input.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value())]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_str_to_int16<A, F>(f: F)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(&str) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut input = Vec::<Option<Box<str>>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..1u32 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                let s = i.to_string().into_boxed_str();
+                target.push(Some(f(&s)));
+                input.push(Some(s));
+            } else {
+                input.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            }
+        }
+        let col1_data = &input.iter().map(|x| x.as_ref().map(|x| &**x)).collect_vec();
+        let col1 = Utf8Array::from_iter(col1_data).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 1);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(cast:int2 $0:varchar)");
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..input.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i]
+                .as_ref()
+                .cloned()
+                .map(|str| str.to_scalar_value())]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_unary_bool<A, F>(f: F, kind: PbType)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(bool) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut input = Vec::<Option<bool>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                input.push(Some(true));
+                target.push(Some(f(true)));
+            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
+                input.push(Some(false));
+                target.push(Some(f(false)));
+            } else {
+                input.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col1 = BoolArray::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!("({kind:?}:boolean $0:boolean)"));
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..input.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|b| b.to_scalar_value())]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_unary_date<A, F>(f: F, kind: PbType)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(Date) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut input = Vec::<Option<Date>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                let date = Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i);
+                input.push(Some(date));
+                target.push(Some(f(date)));
+            } else {
+                input.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col1 = DateArray::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!("({kind:?}:timestamp $0:date)"));
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..input.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|d| d.to_scalar_value())]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
similarity index 60%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
index fdeca576b267f..2bf0a64d6fe02 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/cmp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{Array, BoolArray};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_eq")]
 #[function("equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("equal(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ where
 
 #[function("not_equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_ne")]
 #[function("not_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("not_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("not_equal(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ where
     batch_fn = "boolarray_ge"
 )]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("greater_than_or_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("greater_than_or_equal(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ where
 
 #[function("greater_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_gt")]
 #[function("greater_than(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("greater_than(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("greater_than(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ where
     batch_fn = "boolarray_le"
 )]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("less_than_or_equal(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("less_than_or_equal(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ where
 
 #[function("less_than(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_lt")]
 #[function("less_than(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("less_than(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("less_than(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ where
     batch_fn = "boolarray_is_distinct_from"
 )]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("is_distinct_from(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("is_distinct_from(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ where
     batch_fn = "boolarray_is_not_distinct_from"
 )]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(*int, *int) -> boolean")]
-#[function("is_not_distinct_from(*numeric, *numeric) -> boolean")]
+#[function("is_not_distinct_from(decimal, decimal) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(*float, *float) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(serial, serial) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(int256, int256) -> boolean")]
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
     use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, F32, F64};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -414,4 +415,250 @@ mod tests {
     fn dec(s: &str) -> Decimal {
         Decimal::from_str(s).unwrap()
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_is_distinct_from() {
+        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "
+            i i B
+            . . f
+            . 1 t
+            1 . t
+            2 2 f
+            3 4 t
+        ",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(2);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(is_distinct_from:boolean $0:int4 $1:int4)");
+        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_is_not_distinct_from() {
+        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "
+            i i B
+            . . t
+            . 1 f
+            1 . f
+            2 2 t
+            3 4 f
+            ",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(2);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(is_not_distinct_from:boolean $0:int4 $1:int4)");
+        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
+    }
+
+    use risingwave_common::array::*;
+    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+    use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Interval, Scalar};
+    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
+
+    use crate::scalar::arithmetic_op::{date_interval_add, date_interval_sub};
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_binary() {
+        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x + y, Type::Add).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x - y, Type::Subtract).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x * y, Type::Multiply).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x / y, Type::Divide).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x == y, Type::Equal).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x != y, Type::NotEqual).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x > y, Type::GreaterThan).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x >= y, Type::GreaterThanOrEqual).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x < y, Type::LessThan).await;
+        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x <= y, Type::LessThanOrEqual).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x + y, Type::Add).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x - y, Type::Subtract).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x * y, Type::Multiply).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x / y, Type::Divide).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x == y, Type::Equal).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x != y, Type::NotEqual).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x > y, Type::GreaterThan).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x >= y, Type::GreaterThanOrEqual).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x < y, Type::LessThan).await;
+        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x <= y, Type::LessThanOrEqual).await;
+        test_binary_interval::<TimestampArray, _>(
+            |x, y| date_interval_add(x, y).unwrap(),
+            Type::Add,
+        )
+        .await;
+        test_binary_interval::<TimestampArray, _>(
+            |x, y| date_interval_sub(x, y).unwrap(),
+            Type::Subtract,
+        )
+        .await;
+    }
+
+    async fn test_binary_i32<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(i32, i32) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
+        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some(i));
+                rhs.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some(i));
+                rhs.push(Some(i + 1));
+                target.push(Some(f(i, i + 1)));
+            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some(i + 1));
+                rhs.push(Some(i));
+                target.push(Some(f(i + 1, i)));
+            } else {
+                lhs.push(Some(i));
+                rhs.push(Some(i));
+                target.push(Some(f(i, i)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col1 = I32Array::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
+        let col2 = I32Array::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
+        let ty = match kind {
+            Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => "int4",
+            _ => "boolean",
+        };
+        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
+            "({name}:{ty} $0:int4 $1:int4)",
+            name = kind.as_str_name()
+        ));
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                lhs[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value()),
+                rhs[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value()),
+            ]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_binary_interval<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(Date, Interval) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Date>>::new();
+        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Interval>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
+                lhs.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            } else {
+                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
+                lhs.push(Some(Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i)));
+                target.push(Some(f(
+                    Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i),
+                    Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i),
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col1 = DateArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
+        let col2 = IntervalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
+            "({name}:timestamp $0:date $1:interval)",
+            name = kind.as_str_name()
+        ));
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                lhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
+                rhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
+            ]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_binary_decimal<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        F: Fn(Decimal, Decimal) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
+        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            if i % 2 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
+                rhs.push(None);
+                target.push(None);
+            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
+                rhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
+                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i + 1).into())));
+            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
+                lhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
+                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
+                target.push(Some(f((i + 1).into(), (i).into())));
+            } else {
+                lhs.push(Some((i).into()));
+                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
+                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i).into())));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col1 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
+        let col2 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
+        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
+        let ty = match kind {
+            Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => "decimal",
+            _ => "boolean",
+        };
+        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
+            "({name}:{ty} $0:decimal $1:decimal)",
+            name = kind.as_str_name()
+        ));
+        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
+        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
+        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
+            assert_eq!(x, item);
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
+            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                lhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
+                rhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
+            ]);
+            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
+            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
+            assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_op.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_op.rs
index ddd6e2513e272..ebfb726af4caf 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_op.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_op.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("concat_op(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn concat_op(left: &str, right: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_ws.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_ws.rs
index 293adb3079c0d..e6f5e2d6b4870 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/concat_ws.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/concat_ws.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Concatenates all but the first argument, with separators. The first argument is used as the
 /// separator string, and should not be NULL. Other NULL arguments are ignored.
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
     use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-
-    use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_concat_ws() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/format_type.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/conjunction.rs
similarity index 58%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/format_type.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/conjunction.rs
index a8e497e6aaacf..2786e1579ba62 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/format_type.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/conjunction.rs
@@ -12,15 +12,20 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("format_type(int32, int32) -> varchar")]
-pub fn format_type(oid: Option<i32>, _typemod: Option<i32>) -> Option<Box<str>> {
-    // since we don't support type modifier, ignore it.
-    oid.map(|i| {
-        DataType::from_oid(i)
-            .map(|dt| format!("{}", dt).into_boxed_str())
-            .unwrap_or("???".into())
-    })
+#[function("not(boolean) -> boolean")]
+pub fn not(v: bool) -> bool {
+    !v
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_not() {
+        assert!(!not(true));
+        assert!(not(false));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/date_trunc.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/date_trunc.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/date_trunc.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/date_trunc.rs
index 6700c793a8c0b..ffc24fbfc8137 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/date_trunc.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/date_trunc.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::{build_function, function, ExprError, Result};
 
 use super::timestamptz::{timestamp_at_time_zone, timestamptz_at_time_zone};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 #[function("date_trunc(varchar, timestamp) -> timestamp")]
 pub fn date_trunc_timestamp(field: &str, ts: Timestamp) -> Result<Timestamp> {
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ pub fn date_trunc_timestamp(field: &str, ts: Timestamp) -> Result<Timestamp> {
 #[build_function("date_trunc(varchar, timestamptz) -> timestamptz")]
 fn build_date_trunc_timestamptz_implicit_zone(
     _return_type: risingwave_common::types::DataType,
-    _children: Vec<crate::expr::BoxedExpression>,
-) -> Result<crate::expr::BoxedExpression> {
+    _children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
     Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(
         "date_trunc of timestamptz should have been rewritten to include timezone".into(),
     ))
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/delay.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/delay.rs
index b1661e56e75b4..ff963ffdd8560 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/delay.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/delay.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, F64};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Makes the current session's process sleep until the given number of seconds have elapsed.
 ///
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 /// ----
 /// NULL
 /// ```
-#[function("pg_sleep(float64)", volatile)]
+#[function("pg_sleep(float8)", volatile)]
 async fn pg_sleep(second: F64) {
     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64(second.0)).await;
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/encdec.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/encdec.rs
index a7e2b60b67b71..36faa428d80c2 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/encdec.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/encdec.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use hex;
 use risingwave_common::cast::{parse_bytes_hex, parse_bytes_traditional};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 const PARSE_BASE64_INVALID_END: &str = "invalid base64 end sequence";
 const PARSE_BASE64_INVALID_PADDING: &str = "unexpected \"=\" while decoding base64 sequence";
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/exp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/exp.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/exp.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/exp.rs
index 9430162b5b8ab..9ef7d55da1170 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/exp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/exp.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use num_traits::Zero;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, FloatExt, F64};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 fn err_logarithm_input() -> ExprError {
     ExprError::InvalidParam {
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ fn err_logarithm_input() -> ExprError {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("exp(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("exp(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn exp_f64(input: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     // The cases where the exponent value is Inf or NaN can be handled explicitly and without
     // evaluating the `exp` operation.
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn exp_f64(input: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("ln(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("ln(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn ln_f64(input: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     if input.0 <= 0.0 {
         return Err(err_logarithm_input());
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn ln_f64(input: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     Ok(input.ln())
 }
 
-#[function("log10(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("log10(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn log10_f64(input: F64) -> Result<F64> {
     if input.0 <= 0.0 {
         return Err(err_logarithm_input());
@@ -87,9 +85,9 @@ pub fn log10_decimal(input: Decimal) -> Result<Decimal> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::F64;
+    use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 
     use super::exp_f64;
-    use crate::ExprError;
 
     #[test]
     fn legal_input() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/extract.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/extract.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
index b9a602be53538..9adc750808acb 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/extract.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
 
 use chrono::{Datelike, NaiveTime, Timelike};
 use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Decimal, Interval, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz, F64};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use crate::vector_op::timestamptz::time_zone_err;
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use crate::scalar::timestamptz::time_zone_err;
 
 fn extract_date(date: impl Datelike, unit: &str) -> Option<Decimal> {
     Some(if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("millennium") {
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ pub fn extract_from_interval(unit: &str, interval: Interval) -> Result<Decimal>
     })
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, date) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, date) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_date(unit: &str, date: Date) -> Result<F64> {
     // date_part of date manually cast to timestamp
     // https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_15_2/src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql#L123
@@ -185,21 +184,21 @@ pub fn date_part_from_date(unit: &str, date: Date) -> Result<F64> {
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, time) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, time) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_time(unit: &str, time: Time) -> Result<F64> {
     extract_from_time(unit, time)?
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_timestamptz(unit: &str, input: Timestamptz) -> Result<F64> {
     extract_from_timestamptz(unit, input)?
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
     unit: &str,
     input: Timestamptz,
@@ -210,14 +209,14 @@ pub fn date_part_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamp) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamp) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_timestamp(unit: &str, timestamp: Timestamp) -> Result<F64> {
     extract_from_timestamp(unit, timestamp)?
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, interval) -> float64")]
+#[function("date_part(varchar, interval) -> float8")]
 pub fn date_part_from_interval(unit: &str, interval: Interval) -> Result<F64> {
     extract_from_interval(unit, interval)?
         .try_into()
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format.rs
index 081a1e2ef1fb6..2110bbf0db9e5 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/format.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format.rs
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRefImpl, ToText};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 use super::string::quote_ident;
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Formats arguments according to a format string.
 #[function(
@@ -163,8 +162,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
     use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-
-    use crate::expr::build_from_pretty;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_format() {
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format_type.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f2a906df7c3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/format_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
+
+#[function("format_type(int4, int4) -> varchar")]
+pub fn format_type(oid: Option<i32>, _typemod: Option<i32>) -> Option<Box<str>> {
+    // since we don't support type modifier, ignore it.
+    oid.map(|i| {
+        DataType::from_oid(i)
+            .map(|dt| format!("{}", dt).into_boxed_str())
+            .unwrap_or("???".into())
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
+    use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_format_type() {
+        let (input, target) = DataChunk::from_pretty(
+            "
+            i       i T
+            16      0 boolean
+            21      . smallint
+            9527    0 ???
+            .       0 .
+            ",
+        )
+        .split_column_at(2);
+        let expr = build_from_pretty("(format_type:varchar $0:int4 $1:int4)");
+        let result = expr.eval(&input).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&result, target.column_at(0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/int256.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/int256.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/int256.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/int256.rs
index 378bb5dd58a1f..d8735e12d9b6d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/int256.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/int256.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::types::Int256;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::ExprError::Parse;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::ExprError::Parse;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 const MAX_AVAILABLE_HEX_STR_LEN: usize = 66;
 
@@ -52,9 +50,9 @@ pub fn hex_to_int256(s: &str) -> Result<Int256> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::Int256;
+    use risingwave_expr::ExprError::Parse;
 
-    use crate::vector_op::int256::hex_to_int256;
-    use crate::ExprError::Parse;
+    use crate::scalar::int256::hex_to_int256;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_hex_to_int256() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_access.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_access.rs
index 61ffe4485b301..8115c1d7214ab 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_access.rs
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::types::JsonbRef;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, varchar) -> jsonb")]
 pub fn jsonb_object_field<'a>(v: JsonbRef<'a>, p: &str) -> Option<JsonbRef<'a>> {
     v.access_object_field(p)
 }
 
-#[function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, int32) -> jsonb")]
+#[function("jsonb_access_inner(jsonb, int4) -> jsonb")]
 pub fn jsonb_array_element(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: i32) -> Option<JsonbRef<'_>> {
     let idx = if p < 0 {
         let Ok(len) = v.array_len() else {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn jsonb_object_field_str(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: &str, writer: &mut impl Write)
     Some(())
 }
 
-#[function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("jsonb_access_str(jsonb, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn jsonb_array_element_str(v: JsonbRef<'_>, p: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Option<()> {
     let jsonb = jsonb_array_element(v, p)?;
     if jsonb.is_jsonb_null() {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_info.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_info.rs
index 9a7c6930aeab9..28acf7762a9f8 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/jsonb_info.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_info.rs
@@ -15,16 +15,14 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::types::JsonbRef;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 #[function("jsonb_typeof(jsonb) -> varchar")]
 pub fn jsonb_typeof(v: JsonbRef<'_>, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     writer.write_str(v.type_name()).unwrap()
 }
 
-#[function("jsonb_array_length(jsonb) -> int32")]
+#[function("jsonb_array_length(jsonb) -> int4")]
 pub fn jsonb_array_length(v: JsonbRef<'_>) -> Result<i32> {
     v.array_len()
         .map(|n| n as i32)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/length.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/length.rs
similarity index 82%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/length.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/length.rs
index f102d2b4e2df2..d447941e30209 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/length.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/length.rs
@@ -12,23 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("length(varchar) -> int32")]
-#[function("char_length(varchar) -> int32")]
+#[function("length(varchar) -> int4")]
+#[function("char_length(varchar) -> int4")]
 pub fn char_length(s: &str) -> i32 {
     s.chars().count() as i32
 }
 
-#[function("octet_length(varchar) -> int32")]
-#[function("length(bytea) -> int32")]
-#[function("octet_length(bytea) -> int32")]
+#[function("octet_length(varchar) -> int4")]
+#[function("length(bytea) -> int4")]
+#[function("octet_length(bytea) -> int4")]
 pub fn octet_length(s: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> i32 {
     s.as_ref().len() as i32
 }
 
-#[function("bit_length(varchar) -> int32")]
-#[function("bit_length(bytea) -> int32")]
+#[function("bit_length(varchar) -> int4")]
+#[function("bit_length(bytea) -> int4")]
 pub fn bit_length(s: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> i32 {
     octet_length(s) * 8
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/lower.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/lower.rs
index 1098d2539f204..d24ee16d9f8f9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/lower.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/lower.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("lower(varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn lower(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/md5.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/md5.rs
index a5f9bc268120f..a1a3c30501b81 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/md5.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/md5.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("md5(varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn md5(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0d60bf04bed80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod arithmetic_op;
+mod array;
+mod array_access;
+mod array_concat;
+mod array_distinct;
+mod array_length;
+mod array_min_max;
+mod array_positions;
+mod array_range_access;
+mod array_remove;
+mod array_replace;
+mod array_sort;
+mod array_sum;
+mod array_to_string;
+mod ascii;
+mod bitwise_op;
+mod cardinality;
+mod cast;
+mod cmp;
+mod concat_op;
+mod concat_ws;
+mod conjunction;
+mod date_trunc;
+mod delay;
+mod encdec;
+mod exp;
+mod extract;
+mod format;
+mod format_type;
+mod int256;
+mod jsonb_access;
+mod jsonb_info;
+mod length;
+mod lower;
+mod md5;
+mod overlay;
+mod position;
+mod proctime;
+pub mod regexp;
+mod repeat;
+mod replace;
+mod round;
+mod sha;
+mod split_part;
+mod string;
+mod string_to_array;
+mod substr;
+mod timestamptz;
+mod to_char;
+mod to_timestamp;
+mod translate;
+mod trigonometric;
+mod trim;
+mod trim_array;
+mod tumble;
+mod upper;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/overlay.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/overlay.rs
index de957846db9e9..509740892ffd0 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/overlay.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/overlay.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Replaces a substring of the given string with a new substring.
 ///
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 /// ----
 /// αβ💯δεζ
 /// ```
-#[function("overlay(varchar, varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("overlay(varchar, varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn overlay(s: &str, new_sub_str: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     let sub_len = new_sub_str
         .chars()
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn overlay(s: &str, new_sub_str: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write)
 /// ----
 /// αβγ①②③αβγδεζ
 /// ```
-#[function("overlay(varchar, varchar, int32, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("overlay(varchar, varchar, int4, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn overlay_for(
     s: &str,
     new_sub_str: &str,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/position.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/position.rs
similarity index 91%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/position.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/position.rs
index 0700c4e847e97..f495a64def783 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/position.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/position.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring in the input string,
 /// or zero if the substring is not present.
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 /// ----
 /// 4
 /// ```
-#[function("strpos(varchar, varchar) -> int32", deprecated)]
-#[function("position(varchar, varchar) -> int32")]
+#[function("strpos(varchar, varchar) -> int4", deprecated)]
+#[function("position(varchar, varchar) -> int4")]
 pub fn position(str: &str, sub_str: &str) -> i32 {
     match str.find(sub_str) {
         Some(byte_idx) => (str[..byte_idx].chars().count() + 1) as i32,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
index 12b0aa6e5ef51..4271fee8ca58f 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/proctime.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Get the processing time in Timestamptz scalar from the task-local epoch.
 #[function("proctime() -> timestamptz", volatile)]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
index 0962d0bf16c4f..97186b15d29a5 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/regexp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use fancy_regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{bail, function, ExprError, Result};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RegexpContext {
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ fn regexp_match(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Option<ListValue> {
 
 #[function(
     // regexp_count(source, pattern)
-    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar) -> int32",
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar) -> int4",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
 )]
 fn regexp_count_start0(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
@@ -169,12 +167,12 @@ fn regexp_count_start0(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
 
 #[function(
     // regexp_count(source, pattern, start)
-    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int32) -> int32",
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int4) -> int4",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
 )]
 #[function(
     // regexp_count(source, pattern, start, flags)
-    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int32, varchar) -> int32",
+    "regexp_count(varchar, varchar, int4, varchar) -> int4",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_flags_for_count($1, $3)?"
 )]
 fn regexp_count(text: &str, start: i32, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Result<i32> {
@@ -220,7 +218,7 @@ fn regexp_replace0(text: &str, ctx: &RegexpContext) -> Result<Box<str>> {
 
 #[function(
     // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start)
-    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32) -> varchar",
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int4) -> varchar",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement($1, $2)?"
 )]
 fn regexp_replace_with_start(text: &str, start: i32, ctx: &RegexpContext) -> Result<Box<str>> {
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ fn regexp_replace_with_start(text: &str, start: i32, ctx: &RegexpContext) -> Res
 
 #[function(
     // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start, N)
-    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32, int32) -> varchar",
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int4, int4) -> varchar",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement($1, $2)?"
 )]
 fn regexp_replace_with_start_n(
@@ -243,7 +241,7 @@ fn regexp_replace_with_start_n(
 
 #[function(
     // regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement, start, N, flags)
-    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int32, int32, varchar) -> varchar",
+    "regexp_replace(varchar, varchar, varchar, int4, int4, varchar) -> varchar",
     prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_replacement_flags($1, $2, $5)?"
 )]
 fn regexp_replace_with_start_n_flags(
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/repeat.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/repeat.rs
index cff9ca7ab71bc..9791bf1d8124a 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/repeat.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/repeat.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("repeat(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("repeat(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn repeat(s: &str, count: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     for _ in 0..count {
         writer.write_str(s).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/replace.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/replace.rs
index d60f1baab3ecd..d3493ae5353fe 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/replace.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/replace.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("replace(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn replace(s: &str, from_str: &str, to_str: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/round.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/round.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/round.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/round.rs
index 5ad8c836e5696..fb010933e1e7b 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/round.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/round.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, F64};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-#[function("round_digit(decimal, int32) -> decimal")]
+#[function("round_digit(decimal, int4) -> decimal")]
 pub fn round_digits(input: Decimal, digits: i32) -> Result<Decimal> {
     if digits < 0 {
         input
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn round_digits(input: Decimal, digits: i32) -> Result<Decimal> {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("ceil(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("ceil(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn ceil_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::ceil(input.0).into()
 }
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn ceil_decimal(input: Decimal) -> Decimal {
     input.ceil()
 }
 
-#[function("floor(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("floor(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn floor_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::floor(input.0).into()
 }
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn floor_decimal(input: Decimal) -> Decimal {
     input.floor()
 }
 
-#[function("trunc(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("trunc(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn trunc_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::trunc(input.0).into()
 }
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn trunc_decimal(input: Decimal) -> Decimal {
 }
 
 // Ties are broken by rounding away from zero
-#[function("round(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("round(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn round_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::round_ties_even(input.0).into()
 }
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, F64};
 
     use super::ceil_f64;
-    use crate::vector_op::round::*;
+    use crate::scalar::round::*;
 
     fn do_test(input: &str, digits: i32, expected_output: Option<&str>) {
         let v = Decimal::from_str(input).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/sha.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/sha.rs
index 94e00a7aeb8a8..8e5358ae4dccc 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/sha.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/sha.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 use sha1::{Digest, Sha1};
 use sha2::{Sha224, Sha256, Sha384, Sha512};
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/split_part.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/split_part.rs
index ac0805e206911..f9d4e976acde2 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/split_part.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/split_part.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-#[function("split_part(varchar, varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("split_part(varchar, varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn split_part(
     string_expr: &str,
     delimiter_expr: &str,
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string.rs
index fac2d91c27198..e2ed03af0e768 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Returns the character with the specified Unicode code point.
 ///
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
 /// ----
 /// A
 /// ```
-#[function("chr(int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("chr(int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn chr(code: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     if let Some(c) = std::char::from_u32(code as u32) {
         write!(writer, "{}", c).unwrap();
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn initcap(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// abc
 /// ```
-#[function("lpad(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("lpad(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn lpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     lpad_fill(s, length, " ", writer);
 }
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn lpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// hi
 /// ```
-#[function("lpad(varchar, int32, varchar) -> varchar")]
+#[function("lpad(varchar, int4, varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn lpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let s_len = s.chars().count();
     let fill_len = fill.chars().count();
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn lpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// abc
 /// ```
-#[function("rpad(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("rpad(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn rpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     rpad_fill(s, length, " ", writer);
 }
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub fn rpad(s: &str, length: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// hi
 /// ```
-#[function("rpad(varchar, int32, varchar) -> varchar")]
+#[function("rpad(varchar, int4, varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn rpad_fill(s: &str, length: i32, fill: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let s_len = s.chars().count();
     let fill_len = fill.chars().count();
@@ -319,12 +319,12 @@ pub fn to_ascii(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// 8000000000000000
 /// ```
-#[function("to_hex(int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("to_hex(int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn to_hex_i32(n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "{:x}", n).unwrap();
 }
 
-#[function("to_hex(int64) -> varchar")]
+#[function("to_hex(int8) -> varchar")]
 pub fn to_hex_i64(n: i64, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "{:x}", n).unwrap();
 }
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ pub fn quote_ident(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// (empty)
 /// ```
-#[function("left(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("left(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn left(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let n = if n >= 0 {
         n as usize
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ pub fn left(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
 /// ----
 /// (empty)
 /// ```
-#[function("right(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("right(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn right(s: &str, n: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let skip = if n >= 0 {
         s.chars().count().saturating_sub(n as usize)
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string_to_array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/string_to_array.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
index 7e2d36aed5142..a638c8ef12bf6 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/string_to_array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use auto_enums::auto_enum;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[auto_enum(Iterator)]
 fn string_to_array_inner<'a>(
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/substr.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/substr.rs
index 3f24ce76fd04a..dc2829c5d8a52 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/substr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/substr.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
-
-#[function("substr(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("substr(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn substr_start(s: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     let skip = start.saturating_sub(1).max(0) as usize;
 
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn substr_start(s: &str, start: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()>
     Ok(())
 }
 
-#[function("substr(varchar, int32, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("substr(varchar, int4, int4) -> varchar")]
 pub fn substr_start_for(s: &str, start: i32, count: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
     if count < 0 {
         return Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/timestamptz.rs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/timestamptz.rs
index e745e39a13be0..a14eb0a36319b 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/timestamptz.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/timestamptz.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use num_traits::CheckedNeg;
-use risingwave_common::cast::str_to_timestamp;
 use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Interval, IntoOrdered, Timestamp, Timestamptz, F64};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Just a wrapper to reuse the `map_err` logic.
 #[inline(always)]
@@ -30,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn time_zone_err(inner_err: String) -> ExprError {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("to_timestamp(float64) -> timestamptz")]
+#[function("to_timestamp(float8) -> timestamptz")]
 pub fn f64_sec_to_timestamptz(elem: F64) -> Result<Timestamptz> {
     // TODO(#4515): handle +/- infinity
     let micros = (elem.0 * 1e6)
@@ -89,7 +86,8 @@ pub fn timestamptz_to_string(
 pub fn str_to_timestamptz(elem: &str, time_zone: &str) -> Result<Timestamptz> {
     elem.parse().or_else(|_| {
         timestamp_at_time_zone(
-            str_to_timestamp(elem).map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.into()))?,
+            elem.parse::<Timestamp>()
+                .map_err(|err| ExprError::Parse(err.to_string().into()))?,
             time_zone,
         )
     })
@@ -191,7 +189,6 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::vector_op::cast::str_to_timestamp;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_time_zone_conversion() {
@@ -221,7 +218,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .skip(1)
                 .zip_eq_fast(zones)
                 .for_each(|(local, zone)| {
-                    let local = str_to_timestamp(local).unwrap();
+                    let local = local.parse().unwrap();
 
                     let actual = timestamptz_at_time_zone(usecs, zone).unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(local, actual);
@@ -240,9 +237,7 @@ mod tests {
             ("2022-03-27 02:00:00", "europe/zurich"),
             ("2022-03-27 02:59:00", "europe/zurich"),
         ] {
-            let local = str_to_timestamp(local).unwrap();
-
-            let actual = timestamp_at_time_zone(local, zone);
+            let actual = timestamp_at_time_zone(local.parse().unwrap(), zone);
             assert!(actual.is_err());
         }
     }
@@ -262,7 +257,7 @@ mod tests {
         ];
         for (instant, local, zone, preferred) in test_cases {
             let usecs = str_to_timestamptz(instant, "UTC").unwrap();
-            let local = str_to_timestamp(local).unwrap();
+            let local = local.parse().unwrap();
 
             let actual = timestamptz_at_time_zone(usecs, zone).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(local, actual);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_char.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_char.rs
index ae98d74c44dbc..9d28d62eca7a6 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_char.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_char.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use aho_corasick::{AhoCorasick, AhoCorasickBuilder};
 use chrono::format::StrftimeItems;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::{build_function, function, ExprError, Result};
 
 use super::timestamptz::time_zone_err;
-use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 type Pattern<'a> = Vec<chrono::format::Item<'a>>;
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_timestamp.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_timestamp.rs
index 75b0496c04e1d..bc93720373c74 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/to_timestamp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/to_timestamp.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@
 
 use chrono::format::Parsed;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Date, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::{build_function, function};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::{build_function, function, ExprError, Result};
 
 use super::timestamptz::{timestamp_at_time_zone, timestamptz_at_time_zone};
 use super::to_char::ChronoPattern;
-use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Parse the input string with the given chrono pattern.
 #[inline(always)]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/translate.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/translate.rs
index 37c69561abad8..56b9ba620ce1e 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/translate.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/translate.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("translate(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn translate(s: &str, match_str: &str, replace_str: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trigonometric.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trigonometric.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/trigonometric.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trigonometric.rs
index 671c56e0f1911..a5bc891a052da 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trigonometric.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trigonometric.rs
@@ -13,65 +13,65 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::types::F64;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("sin(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("sin(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn sin_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::sin(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("cos(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cos(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cos_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::cos(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("tan(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("tan(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn tan_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::tan(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("cot(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cot(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cot_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     let res = 1.0 / f64::tan(input.0);
     res.into()
 }
 
-#[function("asin(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("asin(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn asin_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::asin(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("acos(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("acos(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn acos_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::acos(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("atan(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("atan(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn atan_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::atan(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("atan2(float64, float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("atan2(float8, float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn atan2_f64(input_x: F64, input_y: F64) -> F64 {
     input_x.0.atan2(input_y.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("sinh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("sinh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn sinh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::sinh(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("cosh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cosh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cosh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::cosh(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("tanh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("tanh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn tanh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::tanh(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("coth(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("coth(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn coth_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     if input.0 == 0.0 {
         return f64::NAN.into();
@@ -80,17 +80,17 @@ pub fn coth_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     (f64::cosh(input.0) / f64::sinh(input.0)).into()
 }
 
-#[function("asinh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("asinh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn asinh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::asinh(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("acosh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("acosh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn acosh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::acosh(input.0).into()
 }
 
-#[function("atanh(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("atanh(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn atanh_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     f64::atanh(input.0).into()
 }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ fn cosd_q1(x: f64) -> f64 {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("cosd(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cosd(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cosd_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     // See PSQL implementation: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/78ec02d612a9b69039ec2610740f738968fe144d/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
     let arg1 = input.0;
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ fn sind_q1(input: f64) -> f64 {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("sind(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("sind(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn sind_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     // PSQL implementation: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_15_2/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c#L2444
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn sind_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     }
 }
 
-#[function("cotd(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("cotd(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn cotd_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     // PSQL implementation: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/78ec02d612a9b69039ec2610740f738968fe144d/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c#L2378
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ pub fn cotd_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     result.into()
 }
 
-#[function("tand(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("tand(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn tand_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     // PSQL implementation: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_15_2/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
     // Returns NaN if input is NaN or infinite. Different from PSQL implementation.
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ pub fn asind_q1(x: f64) -> f64 {
     90.0 - (acos_x / ASIN_0_5) * 60.0
 }
 
-#[function("asind(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("asind(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn asind_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     let arg1 = input.0;
 
@@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ pub fn asind_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     result.into()
 }
 
-#[function("degrees(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("degrees(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn degrees_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     input.0.to_degrees().into()
 }
 
-#[function("radians(float64) -> float64")]
+#[function("radians(float8) -> float8")]
 pub fn radians_f64(input: F64) -> F64 {
     input.0.to_radians().into()
 }
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use risingwave_common::types::{FloatExt, F64};
 
-    use crate::vector_op::trigonometric::*;
+    use crate::scalar::trigonometric::*;
 
     fn precision() -> f64 {
         1e-13
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim.rs
index b601e4c8e1b9f..8d3acb9324fc0 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("trim(varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn trim(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim_array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/trim_array.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
index 0c75236a8eb0a..4b7a1d53304ec 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/trim_array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::error::ExprError;
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Trims an array by removing the last n elements. If the array is multidimensional, only the first
 /// dimension is trimmed.
@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@ use crate::Result;
 /// statement error
 /// select trim_array(array[1,2,3,4,5,null], true);
 /// ```
-#[function("trim_array(list, int32) -> list")]
+#[function("trim_array(list, int4) -> list")]
 fn trim_array(array: ListRef<'_>, n: i32) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let values = array.iter();
     let len_to_trim: usize = n.try_into().map_err(|_| ExprError::InvalidParam {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/tumble.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/tumble.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
index 054053a5b1c32..bf6dddfd7bbf9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/tumble.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use num_traits::Zero;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Interval, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use crate::Result;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 #[inline(always)]
 fn interval_to_micro_second(t: Interval) -> i64 {
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Interval};
 
     use super::tumble_start_offset_date_time;
-    use crate::vector_op::tumble::{
+    use crate::scalar::tumble::{
         get_window_start, interval_to_micro_second, tumble_start_date_time,
     };
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/upper.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/scalar/upper.rs
index 70e6fe36d287e..97e0e696b509e 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/upper.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/upper.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("upper(varchar) -> varchar")]
 pub fn upper(s: &str, writer: &mut impl Write) {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/generate_series.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
similarity index 88%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
index 354349e1b03f1..cf222aa66db49 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@
 
 use num_traits::One;
 use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, IsNegative};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-use super::*;
-
-#[function("generate_series(int32, int32) -> setof int32")]
-#[function("generate_series(int64, int64) -> setof int64")]
+#[function("generate_series(int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("generate_series(int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
 #[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 fn generate_series<T>(start: T, stop: T) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, true>(start, stop, T::one())
 }
 
-#[function("generate_series(int32, int32, int32) -> setof int32")]
-#[function("generate_series(int64, int64, int64) -> setof int64")]
+#[function("generate_series(int4, int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("generate_series(int8, int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
 #[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 #[function("generate_series(timestamp, timestamp, interval) -> setof timestamp")]
 fn generate_series_step<T, S>(start: T, stop: T, step: S) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
@@ -40,8 +38,8 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, true>(start, stop, step)
 }
 
-#[function("range(int32, int32) -> setof int32")]
-#[function("range(int64, int64) -> setof int64")]
+#[function("range(int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("range(int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
 #[function("range(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 fn range<T>(start: T, stop: T) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
@@ -50,8 +48,8 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, false>(start, stop, T::one())
 }
 
-#[function("range(int32, int32, int32) -> setof int32")]
-#[function("range(int64, int64, int64) -> setof int64")]
+#[function("range(int4, int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("range(int8, int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
 #[function("range(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 #[function("range(timestamp, timestamp, interval) -> setof timestamp")]
 fn range_step<T, S>(start: T, stop: T, step: S) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
@@ -97,12 +95,15 @@ where
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    use futures_util::StreamExt;
+    use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
     use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl, Timestamp};
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::expr::{Expression, LiteralExpression};
-    use crate::vector_op::cast::str_to_timestamp;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, LiteralExpression};
+    use risingwave_expr::table_function::build;
+    use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType;
 
     const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 
@@ -138,8 +139,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_generate_series_timestamp() {
-        let start_time = str_to_timestamp("2008-03-01 00:00:00").unwrap();
-        let stop_time = str_to_timestamp("2008-03-09 00:00:00").unwrap();
+        let start_time = Timestamp::from_str("2008-03-01 00:00:00").unwrap();
+        let stop_time = Timestamp::from_str("2008-03-09 00:00:00").unwrap();
         let one_minute_step = Interval::from_minutes(1);
         let one_hour_step = Interval::from_minutes(60);
         let one_day_step = Interval::from_days(1);
@@ -211,8 +212,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_range_timestamp() {
-        let start_time = str_to_timestamp("2008-03-01 00:00:00").unwrap();
-        let stop_time = str_to_timestamp("2008-03-09 00:00:00").unwrap();
+        let start_time = Timestamp::from_str("2008-03-01 00:00:00").unwrap();
+        let stop_time = Timestamp::from_str("2008-03-09 00:00:00").unwrap();
         let one_minute_step = Interval::from_minutes(1);
         let one_hour_step = Interval::from_minutes(60);
         let one_day_step = Interval::from_days(1);
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
similarity index 87%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
index 2f0067d2453bc..0fe3937aae8c9 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@
 use auto_enums::auto_enum;
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use super::*;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// ```slt
 /// query I
@@ -58,13 +56,13 @@ use super::*;
 /// ----
 /// 1
 /// ```
-#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int32, boolean) -> setof int32")]
+#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int4, boolean) -> setof int4")]
 fn generate_subscripts_reverse(
     array: ListRef<'_>,
     dim: i32,
     reverse: bool,
-) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = i32>> {
-    Ok(generate_subscripts_iterator(array, dim, reverse))
+) -> impl Iterator<Item = i32> {
+    generate_subscripts_iterator(array, dim, reverse)
 }
 
 /// ```slt
@@ -106,9 +104,9 @@ fn generate_subscripts_reverse(
 /// ----
 /// 1
 /// ```
-#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int32) -> setof int32")]
-fn generate_subscripts(array: ListRef<'_>, dim: i32) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = i32>> {
-    Ok(generate_subscripts_iterator(array, dim, false))
+#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int4) -> setof int4")]
+fn generate_subscripts(array: ListRef<'_>, dim: i32) -> impl Iterator<Item = i32> {
+    generate_subscripts_iterator(array, dim, false)
 }
 
 #[auto_enum(Iterator)]
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/jsonb.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/jsonb.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/jsonb.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/jsonb.rs
index 4d70ab0d9b545..6abd195a61f0d 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/jsonb.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/jsonb.rs
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::types::JsonbRef;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use super::*;
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 /// Expands the top-level JSON array into a set of JSON values.
 #[function("jsonb_array_elements(jsonb) -> setof jsonb")]
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ea46bebb5471e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod generate_series;
+mod generate_subscripts;
+mod jsonb;
+mod pg_expandarray;
+mod regexp_matches;
+mod unnest;
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
similarity index 87%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
index 1e840002be3d1..4ed8516921654 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::types::{ListRef, ScalarRefImpl, StructType};
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use super::*;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ListRef, ScalarRefImpl, StructType};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 
 /// Returns the input array as a set of rows with an index.
 ///
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ use super::*;
 /// three 3
 /// ```
 #[function(
-    "_pg_expandarray(list) -> setof struct<x any, n int32>",
+    "_pg_expandarray(list) -> setof struct<x any, n int4>",
     type_infer = "infer_type"
 )]
 fn _pg_expandarray(array: ListRef<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>, i32)> {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
similarity index 91%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
index 8a16b84b2bc5c..a5c3b0f3d4812 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/regexp_matches.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-use super::*;
-use crate::vector_op::regexp::RegexpContext;
-use crate::ExprError;
+use crate::scalar::regexp::RegexpContext;
 
 #[function(
     "regexp_matches(varchar, varchar) -> setof varchar[]",
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ fn regexp_matches<'a>(
             .iter()
             .skip(if skip_flag { 1 } else { 0 })
             .map(|mat| mat.map(|m| m.as_str().into()))
-            .collect_vec();
+            .collect();
         ListValue::new(list)
     })
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
similarity index 94%
rename from src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs
rename to src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
index 904e5d4a9f193..019f6b08d591e 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/unnest.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-use super::*;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function(
     "unnest(list) -> setof any",
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..34a4bf16beba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::types::DataTypeName;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::func::{func_sigs, FuncSign};
+use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_func_sig_map() {
+    // convert FUNC_SIG_MAP to a more convenient map for testing
+    let mut new_map: BTreeMap<PbType, BTreeMap<Vec<DataTypeName>, Vec<FuncSign>>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for sig in func_sigs() {
+        // exclude deprecated functions
+        if sig.deprecated {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        new_map
+            .entry(sig.func)
+            .or_default()
+            .entry(sig.inputs_type.to_vec())
+            .or_default()
+            .push(sig.clone());
+    }
+
+    let duplicated: BTreeMap<_, Vec<_>> = new_map
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|(k, funcs_with_same_name)| {
+            let funcs_with_same_name_type: Vec<_> = funcs_with_same_name
+                .into_values()
+                .filter_map(|v| {
+                    if v.len() > 1 {
+                        Some(
+                            format!(
+                                "{:}({:?}) -> {:?}",
+                                v[0].func.as_str_name(),
+                                v[0].inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
+                                v.iter().map(|sig| sig.ret_type).format("/")
+                            )
+                            .to_ascii_lowercase(),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect();
+            if !funcs_with_same_name_type.is_empty() {
+                Some((k, funcs_with_same_name_type))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    // This snapshot shows the function signatures without a unique match. Frontend has to
+    // handle them specially without relying on FuncSigMap.
+    let expected = expect_test::expect![[r#"
+        {
+            Cast: [
+                "cast(boolean) -> int32/varchar",
+                "cast(int16) -> int256/decimal/float64/float32/int64/int32/varchar",
+                "cast(int32) -> int256/int16/decimal/float64/float32/int64/boolean/varchar",
+                "cast(int64) -> int256/int32/int16/decimal/float64/float32/varchar",
+                "cast(float32) -> decimal/int64/int32/int16/float64/varchar",
+                "cast(float64) -> decimal/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
+                "cast(decimal) -> float64/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
+                "cast(date) -> timestamp/varchar",
+                "cast(varchar) -> jsonb/interval/timestamp/time/date/int256/float32/float64/decimal/int16/int32/int64/varchar/boolean/bytea/list",
+                "cast(time) -> interval/varchar",
+                "cast(timestamp) -> time/date/varchar",
+                "cast(interval) -> time/varchar",
+                "cast(list) -> varchar/list",
+                "cast(jsonb) -> boolean/float64/float32/decimal/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
+                "cast(int256) -> float64/varchar",
+            ],
+            ArrayAccess: [
+                "array_access(list, int32) -> boolean/int16/int32/int64/int256/float32/float64/decimal/serial/date/time/timestamp/timestamptz/interval/varchar/bytea/jsonb/list/struct",
+            ],
+            ArrayMin: [
+                "array_min(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
+            ],
+            ArrayMax: [
+                "array_max(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
+            ],
+            ArraySum: [
+                "array_sum(list) -> interval/decimal/float64/float32/int64",
+            ],
+        }
+        "#]];
+    expected.assert_debug_eq(&duplicated);
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 14510ff63588b..0404b8f8b8768 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         };
         let deprecated = self.deprecated;
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
                 unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::func::_register(#descriptor_type {
@@ -413,10 +413,10 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
                 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
                 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-                use itertools::multizip;
 
                 use risingwave_expr::expr::{Context, BoxedExpression};
                 use risingwave_expr::Result;
+                use risingwave_expr::codegen::*;
 
                 #check_children
                 let prebuilt_arg = #prebuild_const;
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
                     prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
-                #[async_trait::async_trait]
+                #[async_trait]
                 impl risingwave_expr::expr::Expression for #struct_name {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.context.return_type.clone()
@@ -502,11 +502,11 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             self.generate_agg_build_fn(user_fn)?
         };
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
                 unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::agg::_register(#descriptor_type {
-                    func: risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind::#pb_type,
+                    func: risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind::#pb_type,
                     inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
                     state_type: #state_type,
                     ret_type: #ret,
@@ -676,7 +676,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 
                 use risingwave_expr::Result;
-                use risingwave_expr::agg::AggregateState;
+                use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggregateState;
+                use risingwave_expr::codegen::async_trait;
 
                 #[derive(Clone)]
                 struct Agg {
@@ -684,8 +685,8 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     #function_field
                 }
 
-                #[async_trait::async_trait]
-                impl risingwave_expr::agg::AggregateFunction for Agg {
+                #[async_trait]
+                impl risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggregateFunction for Agg {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.return_type.clone()
                     }
@@ -783,7 +784,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             quote! { |_| Ok(#ty) }
         };
         Ok(quote! {
-            #[risingwave_expr::ctor]
+            #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
                 unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::_register(#descriptor_type {
@@ -902,7 +903,9 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 use risingwave_common::types::*;
                 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
                 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-                use itertools::multizip;
+                use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+                use risingwave_expr::{Result, ExprError};
+                use risingwave_expr::codegen::*;
 
                 risingwave_expr::ensure!(children.len() == #num_args);
                 let mut iter = children.into_iter();
@@ -923,7 +926,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                     #(#child: BoxedExpression,)*
                     prebuilt_arg: #prebuilt_arg_type,
                 }
-                #[async_trait::async_trait]
+                #[async_trait]
                 impl risingwave_expr::table_function::TableFunction for #struct_name {
                     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
                         self.return_type.clone()
@@ -1005,7 +1008,7 @@ fn data_type(ty: &str) -> TokenStream2 {
 /// Extract multiple output types.
 ///
 /// ```ignore
-/// output_types("int32") -> ["int32"]
+/// output_types("int4") -> ["int4"]
 /// output_types("struct<key varchar, value jsonb>") -> ["varchar", "jsonb"]
 /// ```
 fn output_types(ty: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 484f093ff8883..51ccd19f6468d 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -368,12 +368,12 @@ mod utils;
 /// | name        | SQL type           | owned type    | reference type     | primitive? |
 /// | ----------- | ------------------ | ------------- | ------------------ | ---------- |
 /// | boolean     | `boolean`          | `bool`        | `bool`             | yes        |
-/// | int16       | `smallint`         | `i16`         | `i16`              | yes        |
-/// | int32       | `integer`          | `i32`         | `i32`              | yes        |
-/// | int64       | `bigint`           | `i64`         | `i64`              | yes        |
+/// | int2        | `smallint`         | `i16`         | `i16`              | yes        |
+/// | int4        | `integer`          | `i32`         | `i32`              | yes        |
+/// | int8        | `bigint`           | `i64`         | `i64`              | yes        |
 /// | int256      | `rw_int256`        | `Int256`      | `Int256Ref<'_>`    | no         |
-/// | float32     | `real`             | `F32`         | `F32`              | yes        |
-/// | float64     | `double precision` | `F64`         | `F64`              | yes        |
+/// | float4      | `real`             | `F32`         | `F32`              | yes        |
+/// | float8      | `double precision` | `F64`         | `F64`              | yes        |
 /// | decimal     | `numeric`          | `Decimal`     | `Decimal`          | yes        |
 /// | serial      | `serial`           | `Serial`      | `Serial`           | yes        |
 /// | date        | `date`             | `Date`        | `Date`             | yes        |
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
index f0868697757f7..6dfa0338cfd4a 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 //  name        data type   variant     array type          owned type      ref type    primitive
 const TYPE_MATRIX: &str = "
     boolean     Boolean     Bool        BoolArray           bool            bool            _
-    int16       Int16       Int16       I16Array            i16             i16             y
-    int32       Int32       Int32       I32Array            i32             i32             y
-    int64       Int64       Int64       I64Array            i64             i64             y
+    int2        Int16       Int16       I16Array            i16             i16             y
+    int4        Int32       Int32       I32Array            i32             i32             y
+    int8        Int64       Int64       I64Array            i64             i64             y
     int256      Int256      Int256      Int256Array         Int256          Int256Ref<'_>   _
-    float32     Float32     Float32     F32Array            F32             F32             y
-    float64     Float64     Float64     F64Array            F64             F64             y
+    float4      Float32     Float32     F32Array            F32             F32             y
+    float8      Float64     Float64     F64Array            F64             F64             y
     decimal     Decimal     Decimal     DecimalArray        Decimal         Decimal         y
     serial      Serial      Serial      SerialArray         Serial          Serial          y
     date        Date        Date        DateArray           Date            Date            y
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ fn lookup_matrix(mut ty: &str, idx: usize) -> &str {
         ty = "struct";
     } else if ty == "void" {
         // XXX: we don't support void type yet.
-        //      replace it with int32 for now.
-        ty = "int32";
+        //      replace it with int for now.
+        ty = "int4";
     }
     let s = TYPE_MATRIX.trim().lines().find_map(|line| {
         let mut parts = line.split_whitespace();
@@ -106,9 +106,8 @@ pub fn expand_type_wildcard(ty: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
             .lines()
             .map(|l| l.split_whitespace().next().unwrap())
             .collect(),
-        "*int" => vec!["int16", "int32", "int64"],
-        "*numeric" => vec!["decimal"],
-        "*float" => vec!["float32", "float64"],
+        "*int" => vec!["int2", "int4", "int8"],
+        "*float" => vec!["float4", "float8"],
         _ => vec![ty],
     }
 }
@@ -124,32 +123,32 @@ pub fn min_compatible_type(types: &[impl AsRef<str>]) -> &str {
     match (types[0].as_ref(), types[1].as_ref()) {
         (a, b) if a == b => a,
 
-        ("int16", "int16") => "int16",
-        ("int16", "int32") => "int32",
-        ("int16", "int64") => "int64",
+        ("int2", "int2") => "int2",
+        ("int2", "int4") => "int4",
+        ("int2", "int8") => "int8",
 
-        ("int32", "int16") => "int32",
-        ("int32", "int32") => "int32",
-        ("int32", "int64") => "int64",
+        ("int4", "int2") => "int4",
+        ("int4", "int4") => "int4",
+        ("int4", "int8") => "int8",
 
-        ("int64", "int16") => "int64",
-        ("int64", "int32") => "int64",
-        ("int64", "int64") => "int64",
+        ("int8", "int2") => "int8",
+        ("int8", "int4") => "int8",
+        ("int8", "int8") => "int8",
 
-        ("int16", "int256") => "int256",
-        ("int32", "int256") => "int256",
-        ("int64", "int256") => "int256",
-        ("int256", "int16") => "int256",
-        ("int256", "int32") => "int256",
-        ("int256", "int64") => "int256",
-        ("int256", "float64") => "float64",
-        ("float64", "int256") => "float64",
+        ("int2", "int256") => "int256",
+        ("int4", "int256") => "int256",
+        ("int8", "int256") => "int256",
+        ("int256", "int2") => "int256",
+        ("int256", "int4") => "int256",
+        ("int256", "int8") => "int256",
+        ("int256", "float8") => "float8",
+        ("float8", "int256") => "float8",
 
-        ("float32", "float32") => "float32",
-        ("float32", "float64") => "float64",
+        ("float4", "float4") => "float4",
+        ("float4", "float8") => "float8",
 
-        ("float64", "float32") => "float64",
-        ("float64", "float64") => "float64",
+        ("float8", "float4") => "float8",
+        ("float8", "float8") => "float8",
 
         ("decimal", "decimal") => "decimal",
 
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nonnull.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nonnull.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 767d1b1261b01..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_binary_nonnull.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use risingwave_common::array::interval_array::IntervalArray;
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-    use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Decimal, Interval, Scalar};
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
-
-    use super::super::*;
-    use crate::vector_op::arithmetic_op::{date_interval_add, date_interval_sub};
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_binary() {
-        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x + y, Type::Add).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x - y, Type::Subtract).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x * y, Type::Multiply).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<I32Array, _>(|x, y| x / y, Type::Divide).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x == y, Type::Equal).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x != y, Type::NotEqual).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x > y, Type::GreaterThan).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x >= y, Type::GreaterThanOrEqual).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x < y, Type::LessThan).await;
-        test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x <= y, Type::LessThanOrEqual).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x + y, Type::Add).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x - y, Type::Subtract).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x * y, Type::Multiply).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x / y, Type::Divide).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x == y, Type::Equal).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x != y, Type::NotEqual).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x > y, Type::GreaterThan).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x >= y, Type::GreaterThanOrEqual).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x < y, Type::LessThan).await;
-        test_binary_decimal::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x <= y, Type::LessThanOrEqual).await;
-        test_binary_interval::<TimestampArray, _>(
-            |x, y| date_interval_add(x, y).unwrap(),
-            Type::Add,
-        )
-        .await;
-        test_binary_interval::<TimestampArray, _>(
-            |x, y| date_interval_sub(x, y).unwrap(),
-            Type::Subtract,
-        )
-        .await;
-    }
-
-    async fn test_binary_i32<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(i32, i32) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(Some(i + 1));
-                target.push(Some(f(i, i + 1)));
-            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i + 1));
-                rhs.push(Some(i));
-                target.push(Some(f(i + 1, i)));
-            } else {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(Some(i));
-                target.push(Some(f(i, i)));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = I32Array::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = I32Array::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let expr = build_func(
-            kind,
-            match kind {
-                Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => DataType::Int32,
-                _ => DataType::Boolean,
-            },
-            vec![
-                InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int32, 0).boxed(),
-                InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int32, 1).boxed(),
-            ],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                lhs[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value()),
-                rhs[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value()),
-            ]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn test_binary_interval<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(Date, Interval) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Date>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Interval>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
-                lhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else {
-                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
-                lhs.push(Some(Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i)));
-                target.push(Some(f(
-                    Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i),
-                    Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i),
-                )));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = DateArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = IntervalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!("({kind:?}:timestamp $0:date $1:interval)"));
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                lhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
-                rhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
-            ]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn test_binary_decimal<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(Decimal, Decimal) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
-                rhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i + 1).into())));
-            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i + 1).into(), (i).into())));
-            } else {
-                lhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i).into())));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let expr = build_func(
-            kind,
-            match kind {
-                Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => DataType::Decimal,
-                _ => DataType::Boolean,
-            },
-            vec![
-                InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Decimal, 0).boxed(),
-                InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Decimal, 1).boxed(),
-            ],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                lhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
-                rhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
-            ]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_unary.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_unary.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a286af8177e82..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_unary.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! For expression that only accept one value as input (e.g. CAST)
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use itertools::Itertools;
-    use risingwave_common::array::*;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Scalar};
-    use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
-
-    use super::super::*;
-    use crate::vector_op::cast::{str_parse, try_cast};
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_unary() {
-        test_unary_bool::<BoolArray, _>(|x| !x, PbType::Not).await;
-        test_unary_date::<TimestampArray, _>(|x| try_cast(x).unwrap(), PbType::Cast).await;
-        test_str_to_int16::<I16Array, _>(|x| str_parse(x).unwrap()).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_i16_to_i32() {
-        let mut input = Vec::<Option<i16>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100i16 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                target.push(Some(i as i32));
-                input.push(Some(i));
-            } else {
-                input.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            }
-        }
-        let col1 = I16Array::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(cast:int4 $0:int2)");
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &I32Array = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..input.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_neg() {
-        let input = [Some(1), Some(0), Some(-1)];
-        let target = [Some(-1), Some(0), Some(1)];
-
-        let col1 = I32Array::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 3);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(neg:int4 $0:int4)");
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &I32Array = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..input.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].map(|int| int.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn test_str_to_int16<A, F>(f: F)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(&str) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut input = Vec::<Option<Box<str>>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..1u32 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                let s = i.to_string().into_boxed_str();
-                target.push(Some(f(&s)));
-                input.push(Some(s));
-            } else {
-                input.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            }
-        }
-        let col1_data = &input.iter().map(|x| x.as_ref().map(|x| &**x)).collect_vec();
-        let col1 = Utf8Array::from_iter(col1_data).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 1);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty("(cast:int2 $0:varchar)");
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..input.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i]
-                .as_ref()
-                .cloned()
-                .map(|str| str.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn test_unary_bool<A, F>(f: F, kind: PbType)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(bool) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut input = Vec::<Option<bool>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                input.push(Some(true));
-                target.push(Some(f(true)));
-            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
-                input.push(Some(false));
-                target.push(Some(f(false)));
-            } else {
-                input.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = BoolArray::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!("({kind:?}:boolean $0:boolean)"));
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..input.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|b| b.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn test_unary_date<A, F>(f: F, kind: PbType)
-    where
-        A: Array,
-        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
-        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(Date) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
-    {
-        let mut input = Vec::<Option<Date>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                let date = Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i);
-                input.push(Some(date));
-                target.push(Some(f(date)));
-            } else {
-                input.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = DateArray::from_iter(&input).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1], 100);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!("({kind:?}:timestamp $0:date)"));
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..input.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![input[i].map(|d| d.to_scalar_value())]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e8e0d19ec11d7..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/sig/func.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Function signatures.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
-
-use super::FuncSigDebug;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
-
-pub static FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<FuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
-    let mut map = FuncSigMap::default();
-    tracing::info!("{} function signatures loaded.", FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.len());
-    for desc in FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.drain(..) {
-        map.insert(desc);
-    }
-    map
-});
-
-/// The table of function signatures.
-pub fn func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static FuncSign> {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP.0.values().flatten()
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<PbType, Vec<FuncSign>>);
-
-impl FuncSigMap {
-    /// Inserts a function signature.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, desc: FuncSign) {
-        self.0.entry(desc.func).or_default().push(desc)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a function signature with the same type, argument types and return type.
-    /// Deprecated functions are included.
-    pub fn get(&self, ty: PbType, args: &[DataTypeName], ret: DataTypeName) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&ty)?;
-        v.iter()
-            .find(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type == args) && d.ret_type == ret)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
-    /// Deprecated functions are excluded.
-    pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, ty: PbType, nargs: usize) -> Vec<&FuncSign> {
-        match self.0.get(&ty) {
-            Some(v) => v
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type.len() == nargs) && !d.deprecated)
-                .collect(),
-            None => vec![],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A function signature.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FuncSign {
-    pub func: PbType,
-    pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
-    pub variadic: bool,
-    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub build: fn(return_type: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
-    /// Whether the function is deprecated and should not be used in the frontend.
-    /// For backward compatibility, it is still available in the backend.
-    pub deprecated: bool,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        FuncSigDebug {
-            func: self.func.as_str_name(),
-            inputs_type: self.inputs_type,
-            ret_type: self.ret_type,
-            set_returning: false,
-            deprecated: self.deprecated,
-            append_only: false,
-        }
-        .fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Register a function into global registry.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This function must be called sequentially.
-///
-/// It is designed to be used by `#[function]` macro.
-/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub unsafe fn _register(desc: FuncSign) {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.push(desc)
-}
-
-/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
-///
-/// `#[function]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
-/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
-/// `FUNC_SIG_MAP` on the first access of `FUNC_SIG_MAP`.
-static mut FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT: Vec<FuncSign> = Vec::new();
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-
-    use itertools::Itertools;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_func_sig_map() {
-        // convert FUNC_SIG_MAP to a more convenient map for testing
-        let mut new_map: BTreeMap<PbType, BTreeMap<Vec<DataTypeName>, Vec<FuncSign>>> =
-            BTreeMap::new();
-        for (func, sigs) in &FUNC_SIG_MAP.0 {
-            for sig in sigs {
-                // validate the FUNC_SIG_MAP is consistent
-                assert_eq!(func, &sig.func);
-                // exclude deprecated functions
-                if sig.deprecated {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                new_map
-                    .entry(*func)
-                    .or_default()
-                    .entry(sig.inputs_type.to_vec())
-                    .or_default()
-                    .push(sig.clone());
-            }
-        }
-
-        let duplicated: BTreeMap<_, Vec<_>> = new_map
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|(k, funcs_with_same_name)| {
-                let funcs_with_same_name_type: Vec<_> = funcs_with_same_name
-                    .into_values()
-                    .filter_map(|v| {
-                        if v.len() > 1 {
-                            Some(
-                                format!(
-                                    "{:}({:?}) -> {:?}",
-                                    v[0].func.as_str_name(),
-                                    v[0].inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
-                                    v.iter().map(|sig| sig.ret_type).format("/")
-                                )
-                                .to_ascii_lowercase(),
-                            )
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                if !funcs_with_same_name_type.is_empty() {
-                    Some((k, funcs_with_same_name_type))
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        // This snapshot shows the function signatures without a unique match. Frontend has to
-        // handle them specially without relying on FuncSigMap.
-        let expected = expect_test::expect![[r#"
-            {
-                Cast: [
-                    "cast(boolean) -> int32/varchar",
-                    "cast(int16) -> int256/decimal/float64/float32/int64/int32/varchar",
-                    "cast(int32) -> int256/int16/decimal/float64/float32/int64/boolean/varchar",
-                    "cast(int64) -> int256/int32/int16/decimal/float64/float32/varchar",
-                    "cast(float32) -> decimal/int64/int32/int16/float64/varchar",
-                    "cast(float64) -> decimal/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                    "cast(decimal) -> float64/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                    "cast(date) -> timestamp/varchar",
-                    "cast(varchar) -> date/time/timestamp/jsonb/interval/int256/float32/float64/decimal/int16/int32/int64/varchar/boolean/bytea/list",
-                    "cast(time) -> interval/varchar",
-                    "cast(timestamp) -> date/time/varchar",
-                    "cast(interval) -> time/varchar",
-                    "cast(list) -> varchar/list",
-                    "cast(jsonb) -> boolean/float64/float32/decimal/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                    "cast(int256) -> float64/varchar",
-                ],
-                ArrayAccess: [
-                    "array_access(list, int32) -> boolean/int16/int32/int64/int256/float32/float64/decimal/serial/date/time/timestamp/timestamptz/interval/varchar/bytea/jsonb/list/struct",
-                ],
-                ArrayMin: [
-                    "array_min(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
-                ],
-                ArrayMax: [
-                    "array_max(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
-                ],
-                ArraySum: [
-                    "array_sum(list) -> interval/decimal/float64/float32/int64",
-                ],
-            }
-        "#]];
-        expected.assert_debug_eq(&duplicated);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/conjunction.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/conjunction.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index c644b4bfba0fa..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/conjunction.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use risingwave_expr_macro::function;
-
-// see BinaryShortCircuitExpression
-// #[function("and(boolean, boolean) -> boolean")]
-pub fn and(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> {
-    match (l, r) {
-        (Some(lb), Some(lr)) => Some(lb & lr),
-        (Some(true), None) => None,
-        (None, Some(true)) => None,
-        (Some(false), None) => Some(false),
-        (None, Some(false)) => Some(false),
-        (None, None) => None,
-    }
-}
-
-// see BinaryShortCircuitExpression
-// #[function("or(boolean, boolean) -> boolean")]
-pub fn or(l: Option<bool>, r: Option<bool>) -> Option<bool> {
-    match (l, r) {
-        (Some(lb), Some(lr)) => Some(lb | lr),
-        (Some(true), None) => Some(true),
-        (None, Some(true)) => Some(true),
-        (Some(false), None) => None,
-        (None, Some(false)) => None,
-        (None, None) => None,
-    }
-}
-
-#[function("not(boolean) -> boolean")]
-pub fn not(v: bool) -> bool {
-    !v
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_and() {
-        assert_eq!(Some(true), and(Some(true), Some(true)));
-        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(true), Some(false)));
-        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(false), Some(false)));
-        assert_eq!(None, and(Some(true), None));
-        assert_eq!(Some(false), and(Some(false), None));
-        assert_eq!(None, and(None, None));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_or() {
-        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), Some(true)));
-        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), Some(false)));
-        assert_eq!(Some(false), or(Some(false), Some(false)));
-        assert_eq!(Some(true), or(Some(true), None));
-        assert_eq!(None, or(Some(false), None));
-        assert_eq!(None, or(None, None));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_not() {
-        assert!(!not(true));
-        assert!(not(false));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs b/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0027abfa65542..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/src/vector_op/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-pub mod arithmetic_op;
-pub mod array;
-pub mod array_access;
-pub mod array_concat;
-pub mod array_distinct;
-pub mod array_length;
-pub mod array_min_max;
-pub mod array_positions;
-pub mod array_range_access;
-pub mod array_remove;
-pub mod array_replace;
-pub mod array_sort;
-pub mod array_sum;
-pub mod array_to_string;
-pub mod ascii;
-pub mod bitwise_op;
-pub mod cardinality;
-pub mod cast;
-pub mod cmp;
-pub mod concat_op;
-pub mod concat_ws;
-pub mod conjunction;
-pub mod date_trunc;
-pub mod delay;
-pub mod encdec;
-pub mod exp;
-pub mod extract;
-pub mod format;
-pub mod format_type;
-pub mod int256;
-pub mod jsonb_access;
-pub mod jsonb_info;
-pub mod length;
-pub mod like;
-pub mod lower;
-pub mod md5;
-pub mod overlay;
-pub mod position;
-pub mod proctime;
-pub mod regexp;
-pub mod repeat;
-pub mod replace;
-pub mod round;
-pub mod sha;
-pub mod split_part;
-pub mod string;
-pub mod string_to_array;
-pub mod substr;
-pub mod timestamptz;
-pub mod to_char;
-pub mod to_timestamp;
-pub mod translate;
-pub mod trigonometric;
-pub mod trim;
-pub mod trim_array;
-pub mod tumble;
-pub mod upper;
diff --git a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
index b86a66062e662..7ff97bdd375de 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_matches = "1"
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [lints]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/Cargo.toml b/src/frontend/planner_test/Cargo.toml
index 6dfc1e9cc9d48..d19a08bcc2522 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ anyhow = "1"
 expect-test = "1"
 itertools = "0.11"
 paste = "1"
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
index fee910f59f066..cbf52a7bd13be 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 //! Data-driven tests.
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 mod resolve_id;
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 904474fe0e5af..5f7b2e7dbb7cd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::USER_NAME_WILD_CARD;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::window_function::{
     Frame, FrameBound, FrameBounds, FrameExclusion, WindowFuncKind,
 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
index f7122ce29ce19..f2eb37867e74b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema, PG_CATALOG_SCHEMA_NAME, RW_CATAL
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     BinaryOperator, DataType as AstDataType, Distinct, Expr, Ident, Join, JoinConstraint,
     JoinOperator, ObjectName, Select, SelectItem, TableFactor, TableWithJoins,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
index c8d552508b30f..f5633f95ee332 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
 
 use super::{Expr, ExprImpl, Literal, OrderBy};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
index e826d43d9342a..71efe8063c7a5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result as RwResult, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::vector_op::cast::literal_parsing;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::{cast_ok, infer_some_all, infer_type, CastContext, Expr, ExprImpl, Literal};
@@ -129,10 +128,7 @@ impl FunctionCall {
             let datum = literal
                 .get_data()
                 .as_ref()
-                .map(|scalar| {
-                    let s = scalar.as_utf8();
-                    literal_parsing(&target, s)
-                })
+                .map(|scalar| ScalarImpl::from_literal(scalar.as_utf8(), &target))
                 .transpose();
             if let Ok(datum) = datum {
                 *child = Literal::new(datum, target).into();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
index 8b6458eba5d30..4e0086d5afc78 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/col_description.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError};
 
-#[function("col_description(varchar, int32) -> varchar")]
+#[function("col_description(varchar, int4) -> varchar")]
 fn col_description(_name: &str, _col: i32, writer: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), ExprError> {
     // TODO: Currently we don't support `COMMENT` statement, so we just return empty string.
     writer.write_str("").unwrap();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
index 11fa86d682b7b..0af30ccb364f8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use paste::paste;
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result as RwResult};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, Scalar};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, ProjectSetSelectItem};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
index 9ad9e905faa27..1f9f06d0e2278 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_connector::source::kafka::PRIVATELINK_CONNECTION;
-use risingwave_expr::vector_op::like::{i_like_default, like_default};
+use risingwave_expr::scalar::like::{i_like_default, like_default};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     Ident, ObjectName, ShowCreateType, ShowObject, ShowStatementFilter,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
index 92704120b1ed9..a5645b38b1c48 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result as RwResult};
 use risingwave_common::row::Row as _;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl, Timestamptz};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_connector::source::KAFKA_CONNECTOR;
-use risingwave_expr::vector_op::timestamptz::timestamptz_to_string;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::display_comma_separated;
 
 use crate::catalog::IndexCatalog;
@@ -134,14 +133,13 @@ fn timestamptz_to_string_with_session_data(
     d: ScalarRefImpl<'_>,
     session_data: &StaticSessionData,
 ) -> Bytes {
-    let mut buf = String::new();
-    match d {
-        ScalarRefImpl::<'_>::Timestamptz(tz) => {
-            timestamptz_to_string(tz, &session_data.timezone, &mut buf).unwrap()
-        }
-        _ => panic!("expect timestamptz"),
-    };
-    buf.into()
+    let tz = d.into_timestamptz();
+    let time_zone = Timestamptz::lookup_time_zone(&session_data.timezone).unwrap();
+    let instant_local = tz.to_datetime_in_zone(time_zone);
+    instant_local
+        .format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f%:z")
+        .to_string()
+        .into()
 }
 
 fn to_pg_rows(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
index 2d1aaea26b3c0..caf4b02c29c9c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 #[macro_use]
 mod catalog;
 pub use catalog::TableCatalog;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index b345c0b5f0206..e6392a0ba14e6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, ColumnOrderDisplay, OrderType};
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
 use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbConstant};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index e24f060fd9e8a..d3bf8d896f9ff 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
 
 use super::generic::{self, Agg, GenericPlanRef, PlanAggCall, ProjectBuilder};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
index ed74f379cf4ba..c1984efbcfcde 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
 
 use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, OverWindow, PlanWindowFunction, ProjectBuilder};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
index 46b1b9126ffec..34025eca43032 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
index 78aa5affd509c..3522473f47839 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_agg_transpose_rule.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 
 use super::{ApplyOffsetRewriter, BoxedRule, Rule};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
index cc3273e726ee1..3822651c41f65 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/distinct_agg_rule.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::mem;
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{CollectInputRef, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef, Literal};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
index a15ccc19ffb71..344241441f81c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/grouping_sets_to_expand_rule.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
index d2fdd4bdfe32e..ea8386bc227f8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use std::vec;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{ExprImpl, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef};
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index 9ebce58b426a7..17e42d9fc8f5a 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -869,8 +869,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsg
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Timestamptz};
-    use risingwave_expr::vector_op::cast::literal_parsing;
+    use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
 
     /// make sure that the [`ScalarRefImpl::Int64`] received by
     /// [`Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampValue`]
@@ -878,8 +877,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_timestamptz_to_i64() {
         assert_eq!(
-            literal_parsing(&DataType::Timestamptz, "2023-06-01 09:45:00+08:00").unwrap(),
-            Timestamptz::from_micros(1_685_583_900_000_000).into()
+            "2023-06-01 09:45:00+08:00".parse::<Timestamptz>().unwrap(),
+            Timestamptz::from_micros(1_685_583_900_000_000)
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/Cargo.toml b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
index 79db63474cfd4..65ad0efff97a4 100644
--- a/src/stream/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
-governor = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std", "dashmap", "jitter"] }
+governor = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = [
+    "std",
+    "dashmap",
+    "jitter",
+] }
 hytra = "0.1.2"
 iter-chunks = "0.1"
 itertools = "0.11"
@@ -46,7 +50,6 @@ rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_expr = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 assert_matches = "1"
 criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
 expect-test = "1"
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_test = { path = "../storage/hummock_test", features = [
     "test",
 ] }
diff --git a/src/stream/benches/stream_hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/benches/stream_hash_agg.rs
index a5392f011afbb..62c45421c7f60 100644
--- a/src/stream/benches/stream_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/benches/stream_hash_agg.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::field_generator::VarcharProperty;
 use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
 use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
index d6d63b4d65b8a..9cf5eddcacd7e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::aggregation::AggStateStorage;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
index afc395a7ab128..d854969120919 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_group.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::must_match;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::agg_state::{AggState, AggStateStorage};
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
index 36690b872da58..0c1932c58831c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/agg_state.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::must_match;
 use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::minput::MaterializedInputState;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
index 0b50875adf847..99043f679db76 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::row::RowExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 use risingwave_common::util::row_serde::OrderedRowSerde;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggKind, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::store::PrefetchOptions;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_append_only, AggCall};
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
     use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index fb1884ed8a972..3ceb8742a5e8f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::ActorContextRef;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index a2814195ac9c6..5415322acc269 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, PrecomputedBuildHasher};
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::agg_common::{AggExecutorArgs, HashAggExecutorExtraArgs};
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index 8298ad36cbaa2..a9ebf5849be6a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ mod tests {
            U+ 6 2 ^10:42:00
             - 7 1 ^10:51:00
             + 8 3 ^11:02:00"
-                .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
         );
         let input =
             MockSource::with_chunks(schema.clone(), pk_indices.clone(), vec![chunk]).boxed();
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ mod tests {
                 - 7 1 ^10:51:00 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00
                 + 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^10:45:00 ^11:15:00
                 + 8 3 ^11:02:00 ^11:00:00 ^11:30:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
     }
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ mod tests {
                 - ^11:15:00 1 7 ^10:51:00
                 + ^11:15:00 3 8 ^11:02:00
                 + ^11:30:00 3 8 ^11:02:00"
-                    .replace('^', "2022-2-2T"),
+                    .replace('^', "2022-02-02T"),
             )
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
index cee9b74b67b6b..a9c219a25641f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use multimap::MultiMap;
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
 use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
index ab785acd9b681..2cfe507b9c563 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ mod find_affected_ranges_tests {
 
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggArgs, AggKind};
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggArgs, AggKind};
     use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncKind};
 
     use super::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
index b50f53977dc84..ec92f6da7f752 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_retractable, AggCall, BoxedAggregateFunction};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::agg_common::{AggExecutorArgs, SimpleAggExecutorExtraArgs};
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
     use risingwave_common::types::*;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
     use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 0f0411b5e277b..b4139509c55a0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{build_retractable, AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
+    build_retractable, AggCall, AggregateState, BoxedAggregateFunction,
+};
 
 use super::aggregation::{agg_call_filter_res, generate_agg_schema};
 use super::error::StreamExecutorError;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index 3c06c36e41b47..aed3a8474a22d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
     use risingwave_common::hash::SerializedKey;
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggCall, AggKind};
+    use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
     use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
index 3d110624c2784..c3f6153fa5a22 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::HashAggNode;
 
 use super::agg_common::{
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
index 403d82dc02e9a..5423e4fd2043f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/simple_agg.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 //! Streaming Simple Aggregator
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::SimpleAggNode;
 
 use super::agg_common::{
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 37e4be0d7109e..f26316c86e6d0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::SimpleAggNode;
 
 use super::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/lib.rs b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
index db1a3fe7819b6..afa1d3faeee22 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
@@ -54,3 +54,6 @@ pub mod error;
 pub mod executor;
 mod from_proto;
 pub mod task;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
index 35cc4954aff45..9407b6013dc03 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggArgs, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggArgs, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::window_function::{Frame, FrameBound, WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
 use risingwave_stream::executor::{EowcOverWindowExecutor, EowcOverWindowExecutorArgs};
 
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
index 07ab974e24b46..1b61bc5cd1d7f 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggCall;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggCall;
 use risingwave_stream::executor::test_utils::agg_executor::new_boxed_hash_agg_executor;
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
index fff1908fbcf69..167857cc7d9fc 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::cast::str_to_timestamp;
 use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
-use risingwave_common::types::Interval;
+use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, Timestamp};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::test_utils::make_hop_window_expression;
 use risingwave_stream::executor::{ExecutorInfo, HopWindowExecutor};
 
@@ -70,28 +69,28 @@ fn push_watermarks(tx: &mut MessageSender) {
     tx.push_watermark(
         TIME_COL_IDX,
         DataType::Timestamp,
-        str_to_timestamp("2023-07-06 18:27:03").unwrap().into(),
+        "2023-07-06 18:27:03".parse::<Timestamp>().unwrap().into(),
     );
     tx.push_watermark(
         TIME_COL_IDX,
         DataType::Timestamp,
-        str_to_timestamp("2023-07-06 18:29:59").unwrap().into(),
+        "2023-07-06 18:29:59".parse::<Timestamp>().unwrap().into(),
     );
     tx.push_watermark(
         TIME_COL_IDX,
         DataType::Timestamp,
-        str_to_timestamp("2023-07-06 18:30:00").unwrap().into(),
+        "2023-07-06 18:30:00".parse::<Timestamp>().unwrap().into(),
     );
     tx.push_watermark(0, DataType::Int64, 100.into());
     tx.push_watermark(
         TIME_COL_IDX,
         DataType::Timestamp,
-        str_to_timestamp("2023-07-06 18:43:40").unwrap().into(),
+        "2023-07-06 18:43:40".parse::<Timestamp>().unwrap().into(),
     );
     tx.push_watermark(
         TIME_COL_IDX,
         DataType::Timestamp,
-        str_to_timestamp("2023-07-06 18:50:00").unwrap().into(),
+        "2023-07-06 18:50:00".parse::<Timestamp>().unwrap().into(),
     );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/main.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/main.rs
index 01b4f4c4d899c..f57aea9bcec14 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/main.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/main.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 // tests
 mod eowc_over_window;
 mod hash_agg;
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
index 2377ce12e9147..f59a92df492f1 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/over_window.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::session_config::OverWindowCachePolicy;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::{AggArgs, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggArgs, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::window_function::{
     Frame, FrameBound, FrameExclusion, WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind,
 };
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index 1268b670471d5..c2f495aac11d6 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ risingwave_compute = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test = { path = "../e2e_extended_mode" }
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/src/lib.rs b/src/tests/simulation/src/lib.rs
index 68c1d0446944d..6cf880d7d66fb 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/src/lib.rs
@@ -23,3 +23,5 @@ pub mod kafka;
 pub mod nexmark;
 pub mod slt;
 pub mod utils;
+
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
index 57acbc8d94cca..7327a6b486ad7 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ rand_chacha = { version = "0.3.1" }
 regex = "1"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_expr = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
index 8e71500ec6a7f..2f44031d06ab9 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ use risingwave_sqlsmith::print_function_table;
 use risingwave_sqlsmith::runner::{generate, run, run_differential_testing};
 use tokio_postgres::NoTls;
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 #[derive(ClapParser, Debug, Clone)]
 #[clap(about, version, author)]
 struct Opt {
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
index 6c1bd2bd26dcf..f26c37b4bd619 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use rand::Rng;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     Expr, Function, FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr, Ident, ObjectName, OrderByExpr,
 };
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
index 939d869744ea5..57e6a64f0e93e 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-use risingwave_expr::agg::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::{agg_func_sigs, AggFuncSig as RwAggFuncSig};
 use risingwave_expr::sig::cast::{cast_sigs, CastContext, CastSig as RwCastSig};
 use risingwave_expr::sig::func::{func_sigs, FuncSign as RwFuncSig};

From 0726b590765e3325fbeb07dde4065579f852b87a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 10:26:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 188/430] fix(config): make metrics_level opt backward
 compatible (#12541)

---
 ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh                  |  2 --
 docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml             |  6 ------
 docker/docker-compose.yml                       |  6 ------
 src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh      |  2 --
 src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh     |  2 --
 src/common/src/config.rs                        | 17 ++++++++++++++++-
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs   |  4 +---
 .../src/task/compute_node_service.rs            |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs    |  4 +---
 9 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
index 4461331c28bfb..ca2f8c788f656 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ start_standalone() {
         --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
         --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1222 \
         --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
-        --metrics-level info \
         --async-stack-trace verbose \
         --connector-rpc-endpoint 127.0.0.1:50051 \
         --parallelism 4 \
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ start_standalone() {
        --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
        --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
        --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-       --metrics-level info \
        --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" >"$1" 2>&1
 }
 
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml b/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
index 5b411174370c8..4467b03a7c039 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose-with-hdfs.yml
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ services:
       - "compactor-0:6660"
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:1260"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
       - "--meta-address"
       - "http://meta-node-0:5690"
       - "--config-path"
@@ -46,8 +44,6 @@ services:
       - "compute-node-0:5688"
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:1222"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
       - "--meta-address"
       - "http://meta-node-0:5690"
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
@@ -136,8 +132,6 @@ services:
       - /risingwave.toml
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:2222"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
     expose:
       - "4566"
     ports:
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yml b/docker/docker-compose.yml
index 328ebe9b7bacb..89aa99a1c8b5d 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ services:
       - "compactor-0:6660"
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:1260"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
       - "--meta-address"
       - "http://meta-node-0:5690"
       - "--config-path"
@@ -48,8 +46,6 @@ services:
       - "compute-node-0:5688"
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:1222"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
       - "--meta-address"
       - "http://meta-node-0:5690"
       - "--connector-rpc-endpoint"
@@ -139,8 +135,6 @@ services:
       - /risingwave.toml
       - "--prometheus-listener-addr"
       - "0.0.0.0:2222"
-      - "--metrics-level"
-      - "info"
     expose:
       - "4566"
     ports:
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
index 6a4c124ae74e9..1819f4065da5c 100755
--- a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
+++ b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
                   --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
                   --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1222 \
                   --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
-                  --metrics-level info \
                   --async-stack-trace verbose \
                   --connector-rpc-endpoint 127.0.0.1:50051 \
                   --parallelism 4 \
@@ -35,5 +34,4 @@ cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
                  --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
                  --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
                  --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-                 --metrics-level info \
                  --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
index 83358fd9f3704..4fa3fe183251c 100755
--- a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
+++ b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ start_standalone() {
                     --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
                     --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1222 \
                     --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
-                    --metrics-level info \
                     --async-stack-trace verbose \
                     --connector-rpc-endpoint 127.0.0.1:50051 \
                     --parallelism 4 \
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ start_standalone() {
                    --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
                    --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
                    --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-                   --metrics-level info \
                    --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690"
 }
 
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index c1a81e9d5fe71..8590e193b93e4 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ pub struct StreamingConfig {
     pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum MetricLevel {
     #[default]
     Disabled = 0,
@@ -431,6 +431,21 @@ pub enum MetricLevel {
     Debug = 3,
 }
 
+impl clap::ValueEnum for MetricLevel {
+    fn value_variants<'a>() -> &'a [Self] {
+        &[Self::Disabled, Self::Critical, Self::Info, Self::Debug]
+    }
+
+    fn to_possible_value<'a>(&self) -> ::std::option::Option<clap::builder::PossibleValue> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Disabled => Some(clap::builder::PossibleValue::new("disabled").alias("0")),
+            Self::Critical => Some(clap::builder::PossibleValue::new("critical")),
+            Self::Info => Some(clap::builder::PossibleValue::new("info").alias("1")),
+            Self::Debug => Some(clap::builder::PossibleValue::new("debug")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<Self> for MetricLevel {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         (*self as u8).eq(&(*other as u8))
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
index c1d9dc4bc5b4b..9305fea7ff531 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
@@ -53,9 +53,7 @@ impl CompactorService {
                 config.listen_address, config.exporter_port
             ))
             .arg("--advertise-addr")
-            .arg(format!("{}:{}", config.address, config.port))
-            .arg("--metrics-level")
-            .arg("info");
+            .arg(format!("{}:{}", config.address, config.port));
         if let Some(compaction_worker_threads_number) =
             config.compaction_worker_threads_number.as_ref()
         {
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
index 4d6ef7351b205..d048d5b9e6205 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
@@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ impl ComputeNodeService {
             ))
             .arg("--advertise-addr")
             .arg(format!("{}:{}", config.address, config.port))
-            .arg("--metrics-level")
-            .arg("info")
             .arg("--async-stack-trace")
             .arg(&config.async_stack_trace)
             .arg("--connector-rpc-endpoint")
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
index c7573e0a52d8e..cf0213028e465 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/frontend_service.rs
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ impl FrontendService {
             .arg(format!(
                 "{}:{}",
                 config.listen_address, config.health_check_port
-            ))
-            .arg("--metrics-level")
-            .arg("info");
+            ));
 
         let provide_meta_node = config.provide_meta_node.as_ref().unwrap();
         if provide_meta_node.is_empty() {

From 85248b7e80fbbb2a6fccd2f2c6948d8392613ed0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 12:43:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 189/430] refactor(connector): replace sink writer rpc with jni
 (#12480)

---
 java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h    |  16 ++
 .../connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java    |  53 +++++
 .../connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java       |  48 +++++
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java  |   4 +
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              | 181 ++++++++++++++----
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |   6 +-
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       |  52 ++++-
 src/jni_core/src/macros.rs                    |   4 +
 8 files changed, 318 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java

diff --git a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
index a3e9aa95ec84e..b289896699564 100644
--- a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
+++ b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
@@ -231,6 +231,22 @@ JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIter
 JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel
   (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong, jbyteArray);
 
+/*
+ * Class:     com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding
+ * Method:    recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel
+ * Signature: (J)[B
+ */
+JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel
+  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong);
+
+/*
+ * Class:     com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding
+ * Method:    sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel
+ * Signature: (J[B)Z
+ */
+JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel
+  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong, jbyteArray);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..493a10433c53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector;
+
+import com.risingwave.java.binding.Binding;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSinkResponseObserver
+        implements StreamObserver<ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamResponse> {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkResponseObserver.class);
+    private long responseTxPtr;
+
+    private boolean success;
+
+    public JniSinkResponseObserver(long responseTxPtr) {
+        this.responseTxPtr = responseTxPtr;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNext(ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamResponse response) {
+        this.success =
+                Binding.sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel(this.responseTxPtr, response.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
+        LOG.error("JniSinkWriterHandler onError: ", throwable);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCompleted() {
+        LOG.info("JniSinkWriterHandler onCompleted");
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSuccess() {
+        return success;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fbafb0161847c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector;
+
+import com.risingwave.java.binding.Binding;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSinkWriterHandler {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkWriterHandler.class);
+
+    public static void runJniSinkWriterThread(long requestRxPtr, long responseTxPtr) {
+        // For jni.rs
+        java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
+                .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
+        JniSinkResponseObserver responseObserver = new JniSinkResponseObserver(responseTxPtr);
+        SinkWriterStreamObserver sinkWriterStreamObserver =
+                new SinkWriterStreamObserver(responseObserver);
+        try {
+            byte[] requestBytes;
+            while ((requestBytes = Binding.recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel(requestRxPtr))
+                    != null) {
+                var request = ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamRequest.parseFrom(requestBytes);
+                sinkWriterStreamObserver.onNext(request);
+                if (!responseObserver.isSuccess()) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("fail to sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel");
+                }
+            }
+            sinkWriterStreamObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            sinkWriterStreamObserver.onError(t);
+        }
+        LOG.info("end of runJniSinkWriterThread");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
index 4a79033b147a8..f72c63ae6d3e6 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
@@ -91,4 +91,8 @@ public class Binding {
     static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
 
     public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
+
+    public static native byte[] recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
+
+    public static native boolean sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index e7d20d69fbbd4..9c0fc6e84e976 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -29,18 +29,18 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::j
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::{
     JsonPayload, Payload, StreamChunkPayload,
 };
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::{
+    Barrier, BeginEpoch, Request as SinkRequest, StartSink, WriteBatch,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_response::CommitResponse;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
-    SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat, ValidateSinkRequest, ValidateSinkResponse,
+    sink_writer_stream_response, SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat, SinkWriterStreamRequest,
+    SinkWriterStreamResponse, ValidateSinkRequest, ValidateSinkResponse,
 };
-#[cfg(test)]
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse};
-use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle, SinkWriterStreamHandle};
-#[cfg(test)]
-use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Sender, UnboundedReceiver};
-#[cfg(test)]
-use tonic::Status;
-use tracing::{error, warn};
+use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
+use tracing::warn;
 
 use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder};
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
@@ -242,6 +242,71 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
     }
 }
 
+const DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 16;
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SinkWriterStreamJniHandle {
+    request_tx: Sender<SinkWriterStreamRequest>,
+    response_rx: Receiver<SinkWriterStreamResponse>,
+}
+
+impl SinkWriterStreamJniHandle {
+    pub async fn start_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.request_tx
+            .send(SinkWriterStreamRequest {
+                request: Some(SinkRequest::BeginEpoch(BeginEpoch { epoch })),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write_batch(&mut self, epoch: u64, batch_id: u64, payload: Payload) -> Result<()> {
+        self.request_tx
+            .send(SinkWriterStreamRequest {
+                request: Some(SinkRequest::WriteBatch(WriteBatch {
+                    epoch,
+                    batch_id,
+                    payload: Some(payload),
+                })),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn barrier(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.request_tx
+            .send(SinkWriterStreamRequest {
+                request: Some(SinkRequest::Barrier(Barrier {
+                    epoch,
+                    is_checkpoint: false,
+                })),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn commit(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<CommitResponse> {
+        self.request_tx
+            .send(SinkWriterStreamRequest {
+                request: Some(SinkRequest::Barrier(Barrier {
+                    epoch,
+                    is_checkpoint: true,
+                })),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
+
+        match self.response_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(SinkWriterStreamResponse {
+                response: Some(sink_writer_stream_response::Response::Commit(rsp)),
+            }) => Ok(rsp),
+            msg => Err(SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                "should get Sync response but get {:?}",
+                msg
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub type RemoteSinkWriter<R> = RemoteSinkWriterInner<(), R>;
 pub type CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter<R> = RemoteSinkWriterInner<Option<SinkMetadata>, R>;
 
@@ -250,28 +315,78 @@ pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
     epoch: Option<u64>,
     batch_id: u64,
     payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat,
-    stream_handle: SinkWriterStreamHandle,
+    stream_handle: SinkWriterStreamJniHandle,
     json_encoder: JsonEncoder,
     _phantom: PhantomData<(SM, R)>,
 }
 
 impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
     pub async fn new(param: SinkParam, connector_params: ConnectorParams) -> Result<Self> {
-        let client = connector_params.connector_client.ok_or_else(|| {
-            SinkError::Remote(anyhow_error!(
-                "connector node endpoint not specified or unable to connect to connector node"
-            ))
-        })?;
-        let stream_handle = client
-            .start_sink_writer_stream(param.to_proto(), connector_params.sink_payload_format)
+        let (request_tx, request_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (response_tx, response_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+
+        let mut stream_handle = SinkWriterStreamJniHandle {
+            request_tx,
+            response_rx,
+        };
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+
+            let result = env.call_static_method(
+                "com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler",
+                "runJniSinkWriterThread",
+                "(JJ)V",
+                &[
+                    JValue::from(&request_rx as *const Receiver<SinkWriterStreamRequest> as i64),
+                    JValue::from(&response_tx as *const Sender<SinkWriterStreamResponse> as i64),
+                ],
+            );
+
+            match result {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    tracing::info!("end of jni call runJniSinkWriterThread");
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("jni call error: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            };
+        });
+
+        let sink_writer_stream_request = SinkWriterStreamRequest {
+            request: Some(SinkRequest::Start(StartSink {
+                sink_param: Some(param.to_proto()),
+                format: connector_params.sink_payload_format as i32,
+            })),
+        };
+
+        // First request
+        stream_handle
+            .request_tx
+            .send(sink_writer_stream_request)
             .await
-            .inspect_err(|e| {
-                error!(
-                    "failed to start sink stream for connector `{}`: {:?}",
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    "fail to send start request for connector `{}`: {:?}",
                     R::SINK_NAME,
-                    e
-                )
+                    err
+                ))
             })?;
+
+        // First response
+        match stream_handle.response_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(SinkWriterStreamResponse {
+                response: Some(sink_writer_stream_response::Response::Start(_)),
+            }) => {}
+            msg => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    "should get start response for connector `{}` but get {:?}",
+                    R::SINK_NAME,
+                    msg
+                )));
+            }
+        };
+
         tracing::trace!(
             "{:?} sink stream started with properties: {:?}",
             R::SINK_NAME,
@@ -293,7 +408,7 @@ impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
 
     #[cfg(test)]
     fn for_test(
-        response_receiver: UnboundedReceiver<std::result::Result<SinkWriterStreamResponse, Status>>,
+        response_receiver: Receiver<SinkWriterStreamResponse>,
         request_sender: Sender<SinkWriterStreamRequest>,
     ) -> RemoteSinkWriter<R> {
         use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
@@ -314,13 +429,10 @@ impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
             },
         ]);
 
-        use futures::StreamExt;
-        use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
-
-        let stream_handle = SinkWriterStreamHandle::for_test(
-            request_sender,
-            UnboundedReceiverStream::new(response_receiver).boxed(),
-        );
+        let stream_handle = SinkWriterStreamJniHandle {
+            request_tx: request_sender,
+            response_rx: response_receiver,
+        };
 
         RemoteSinkWriter {
             properties,
@@ -494,7 +606,7 @@ mod test {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_epoch_check() {
         let (request_sender, mut request_recv) = mpsc::channel(16);
-        let (_, resp_recv) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let (_, resp_recv) = mpsc::channel(16);
 
         let mut sink = <RemoteSinkWriter<TestRemote>>::for_test(resp_recv, request_sender);
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
@@ -532,7 +644,7 @@ mod test {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_remote_sink() {
         let (request_sender, mut request_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
-        let (response_sender, response_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let (response_sender, response_receiver) = mpsc::channel(16);
         let mut sink = <RemoteSinkWriter<TestRemote>>::for_test(response_receiver, request_sender);
 
         let chunk_a = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
@@ -588,12 +700,13 @@ mod test {
 
         // test commit
         response_sender
-            .send(Ok(SinkWriterStreamResponse {
+            .send(SinkWriterStreamResponse {
                 response: Some(Response::Commit(CommitResponse {
                     epoch: 2022,
                     metadata: None,
                 })),
-            }))
+            })
+            .await
             .expect("test failed: failed to sync epoch");
         sink.barrier(true).await.unwrap();
         let commit_request = request_receiver.recv().await.unwrap();
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index d4b20a86d7a2e..d6210b4146af0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -135,11 +135,7 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
         let source_type = get_event_stream_request.source_type.to_string();
 
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut env = JVM
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .attach_current_thread_as_daemon()
-                .unwrap();
+            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
 
             let get_event_stream_request_bytes = env
                 .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&get_event_stream_request))
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index 17e42d9fc8f5a..3e6a12943b49e 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -47,11 +47,13 @@ use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::panic::rw_catch_unwind;
-use risingwave_pb::connector_service::GetEventStreamResponse;
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
+    GetEventStreamResponse, SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse,
+};
 use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
-use tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
 
 pub use crate::jvm_runtime::register_native_method_for_jvm;
 use crate::stream_chunk_iterator::{StreamChunkIterator, StreamChunkRow};
@@ -853,14 +855,50 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsg
         let get_event_stream_response: GetEventStreamResponse =
             Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&msg, env)?.deref())?;
 
-        tracing::debug!("before send");
         match channel.as_ref().blocking_send(get_event_stream_response) {
-            Ok(_) => {
-                tracing::debug!("send successfully");
-                Ok(JNI_TRUE)
+            Ok(_) => Ok(JNI_TRUE),
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::info!("send error.  {:?}", e);
+                Ok(JNI_FALSE)
             }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel<
+    'a,
+>(
+    env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    mut channel: Pointer<'a, Receiver<SinkWriterStreamRequest>>,
+) -> JByteArray<'a> {
+    execute_and_catch(env, move |env| match channel.as_mut().blocking_recv() {
+        Some(msg) => {
+            let bytes = env
+                .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&msg))
+                .unwrap();
+            Ok(bytes)
+        }
+        None => Ok(JObject::null().into()),
+    })
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel<
+    'a,
+>(
+    env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    channel: Pointer<'a, Sender<SinkWriterStreamResponse>>,
+    msg: JByteArray<'a>,
+) -> jboolean {
+    execute_and_catch(env, move |env| {
+        let sink_writer_stream_response: SinkWriterStreamResponse =
+            Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&msg, env)?.deref())?;
+
+        match channel.as_ref().blocking_send(sink_writer_stream_response) {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(JNI_TRUE),
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::debug!("send error.  {:?}", e);
+                tracing::info!("send error.  {:?}", e);
                 Ok(JNI_FALSE)
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
index bdb5c60ec3f82..a4fe12f669193 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
@@ -167,6 +167,10 @@ macro_rules! for_all_plain_native_methods {
                 static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
 
                 public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
+
+                public static native byte[] recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
+
+                public static native boolean sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
             }
             $(,$args)*
         }

From 590faea40533edfa149d1b142f3546c20e4b5100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:15:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 190/430] refactor(connector): remove `WriteGuard` and
 `fulfill_meta_column` from parser (#12542)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/connector/benches/parser.rs               |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                      |   1 +
 .../src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs      |   8 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/common.rs            |  15 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs        |   8 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs    |  14 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs  |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs       |  35 +--
 .../src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs      |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               | 261 +++++++++---------
 src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs      |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs      |  10 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs      |  14 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs     |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/util.rs              |   3 +-
 src/source/benches/json_parser.rs             |   4 +-
 16 files changed, 200 insertions(+), 199 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/benches/parser.rs b/src/connector/benches/parser.rs
index 2c3b666b91d62..81bda6fccb395 100644
--- a/src/connector/benches/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/benches/parser.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async fn parse(parser: JsonParser, column_desc: Vec<SourceColumnDesc>, input: Ve
             SourceStreamChunkBuilder::with_capacity(column_desc.clone(), input_inner.len());
         for payload in input_inner {
             let row_writer = builder.row_writer();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), row_writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, row_writer).await.unwrap();
         }
         builder.finish();
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 0d1a015f97663..1fba061555f44 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(iter_from_generator)]
+#![feature(if_let_guard)]
 
 use std::time::Duration;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
index 40289c11612c8..e9d15368cbf7c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ use crate::parser::canal::operators::*;
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::unified::ChangeEventOperation;
-use crate::parser::{
-    ByteStreamSourceParser, JsonProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, WriteGuard,
-};
+use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, JsonProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 const DATA: &str = "data";
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ impl CanalJsonParser {
         &self,
         mut payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut event: BorrowedValue<'_> =
             simd_json::to_borrowed_value(&mut payload[self.payload_start_idx..])
                 .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(e.to_string())))?;
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for CanalJsonParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/common.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/common.rs
index 168b13e1b2e22..5a288dfd80b8d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/common.rs
@@ -12,21 +12,22 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
 use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, ValueAccess};
 
-pub(crate) fn json_object_smart_get_value<'a, 'b>(
+/// Get a value from a json object by key, case insensitive.
+///
+/// Returns `None` if the given json value is not an object, or the key is not found.
+pub(crate) fn json_object_get_case_insensitive<'a, 'b>(
     v: &'b simd_json::BorrowedValue<'a>,
-    key: Cow<'b, str>,
+    key: &'b str,
 ) -> Option<&'b BorrowedValue<'a>> {
     let obj = v.as_object()?;
-    let value = obj.get(key.as_ref());
+    let value = obj.get(key);
     if value.is_some() {
-        return value;
+        return value; // fast path
     }
     for (k, v) in obj {
-        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case(key.as_ref()) {
+        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case(key) {
             return Some(v);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
index f1d140370bc2c..238595f82c1f1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Datum, Decimal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp
 
 use super::{ByteStreamSourceParser, CsvProperties};
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
-use crate::parser::{SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, WriteGuard};
+use crate::parser::SourceStreamChunkRowWriter;
 use crate::source::{DataType, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 macro_rules! to_rust_type {
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ impl CsvParser {
         &mut self,
         payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut fields = self.read_row(&payload)?;
         if let Some(headers) = &mut self.headers {
             if headers.is_empty() {
                 *headers = fields;
                 // Here we want a row, but got nothing. So it's an error for the `parse_inner` but
                 // has no bad impact on the system.
-                return  Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError("This message indicates a header, no row will be inserted. However, internal parser state was updated.".to_string())));
+                return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError("This message indicates a header, no row will be inserted. However, internal parser state was updated.".to_string())));
             }
             writer.insert(|desc| {
                 if let Some(i) = headers.iter().position(|name| name == &desc.name) {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for CsvParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
index 8fd0f6f2ba4f6..e98a57650d308 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use itertools::Either;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@ use crate::parser::unified::debezium::DebeziumChangeEvent;
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::{
     AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType, JsonProperties,
-    ProtocolProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig, TransactionControl,
-    WriteGuard,
+    ParseResult, ProtocolProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ impl DebeziumParser {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<Either<WriteGuard, TransactionControl>> {
+    ) -> Result<ParseResult> {
         // tombetone messages are handled implicitly by these accessors
         let key_accessor = match key {
             None => None,
@@ -106,12 +104,12 @@ impl DebeziumParser {
         let row_op = DebeziumChangeEvent::new(key_accessor, payload_accessor);
 
         match apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(&row_op, &mut writer) {
-            Ok(guard) => Ok(Either::Left(guard)),
+            Ok(_) => Ok(ParseResult::Rows),
             Err(err) => {
                 // Only try to access transaction control message if the row operation access failed
                 // to make it a fast path.
                 if let Ok(transaction_control) = row_op.transaction_control() {
-                    Ok(Either::Right(transaction_control))
+                    Ok(ParseResult::TransactionControl(transaction_control))
                 } else {
                     Err(err)
                 }
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for DebeziumParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         _payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         _writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         unreachable!("should call `parse_one_with_txn` instead")
     }
 
@@ -144,7 +142,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for DebeziumParser {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<Either<WriteGuard, TransactionControl>> {
+    ) -> Result<ParseResult> {
         self.parse_inner(key, payload, writer).await
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
index 910b5a3e0131d..4b6478f3d73c1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::unified::debezium::{DebeziumChangeEvent, MongoProjeciton};
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
-use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, WriteGuard};
+use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl DebeziumMongoJsonParser {
         &self,
         mut payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut event: BorrowedValue<'_> = simd_json::to_borrowed_value(&mut payload)
             .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(e.to_string())))?;
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for DebeziumMongoJsonParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
index 53559480818a2..b3e108a242ab7 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
@@ -25,14 +25,13 @@ use super::avro::schema_resolver::ConfluentSchemaResolver;
 use super::schema_registry::Client;
 use super::util::{get_kafka_topic, read_schema_from_http, read_schema_from_local};
 use super::{EncodingProperties, SchemaRegistryAuth, SpecificParserConfig};
+use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::avro::util::avro_schema_to_column_descs;
 use crate::parser::schema_registry::handle_sr_list;
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
-use crate::parser::{
-    AccessBuilder, ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, WriteGuard,
-};
+use crate::parser::{AccessBuilder, ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -106,17 +105,11 @@ impl JsonParser {
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)]
     pub async fn parse_inner(
         &self,
-        mut payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+        mut payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
-        if payload.is_none() {
-            return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::InternalError(
-                "Empty payload with nonempty key for non-upsert".into(),
-            )));
-        }
-        let value =
-            simd_json::to_borrowed_value(&mut payload.as_mut().unwrap()[self.payload_start_idx..])
-                .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(e.to_string())))?;
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let value = simd_json::to_borrowed_value(&mut payload[self.payload_start_idx..])
+            .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(e.to_string())))?;
         let values = if let simd_json::BorrowedValue::Array(arr) = value {
             arr
         } else {
@@ -194,8 +187,8 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for JsonParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
-        self.parse_inner(payload, writer).await
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
     }
 }
 
@@ -255,7 +248,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         for payload in get_payload() {
             let writer = builder.row_writer();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
 
         let chunk = builder.finish();
@@ -358,7 +351,7 @@ mod tests {
         {
             let writer = builder.row_writer();
             let payload = br#"{"v1": 1, "v2": 2, "v3": "3"}"#.to_vec();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
 
         // Parse an incorrect record.
@@ -367,14 +360,14 @@ mod tests {
             // `v2` overflowed.
             let payload = br#"{"v1": 1, "v2": 65536, "v3": "3"}"#.to_vec();
             // ignored the error, and fill None at v2.
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
 
         // Parse a correct record.
         {
             let writer = builder.row_writer();
             let payload = br#"{"v1": 1, "v2": 2, "v3": "3"}"#.to_vec();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
 
         let chunk = builder.finish();
@@ -444,7 +437,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut builder = SourceStreamChunkBuilder::with_capacity(descs, 1);
         {
             let writer = builder.row_writer();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
         let chunk = builder.finish();
         let (op, row) = chunk.rows().next().unwrap();
@@ -504,7 +497,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut builder = SourceStreamChunkBuilder::with_capacity(descs, 1);
         {
             let writer = builder.row_writer();
-            parser.parse_inner(Some(payload), writer).await.unwrap();
+            parser.parse_inner(payload, writer).await.unwrap();
         }
         let chunk = builder.finish();
         let (op, row) = chunk.rows().next().unwrap();
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
index fff28092fa451..0980472021bff 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::parser::unified::maxwell::MaxwellChangeEvent;
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::{
     AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType,
-    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig, WriteGuard,
+    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl MaxwellParser {
         &mut self,
         payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let payload_accessor = self.payload_builder.generate_accessor(payload).await?;
         let row_op = MaxwellChangeEvent::new(payload_accessor);
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for MaxwellParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         // restrict the behaviours since there is no corresponding
         // key/value test for maxwell yet.
         only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 987d049a11f0c..8c7914fe16354 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@ use csv_parser::CsvParser;
 pub use debezium::*;
 use futures::{Future, TryFutureExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
-use itertools::{Either, Itertools};
 pub use json_parser::*;
 pub use protobuf::*;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayBuilderImpl, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::KAFKA_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_NAME;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
+use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, Scalar};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     SchemaRegistryNameStrategy as PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, StreamSourceInfo,
@@ -47,8 +46,9 @@ use self::util::get_kafka_topic;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::parser::maxwell::MaxwellParser;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceStream, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef, SourceEncode, SourceFormat,
-    SourceMeta, SourceStruct, SourceWithStateStream, SplitId, StreamChunkWithState,
+    BoxSourceStream, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceContext, SourceContextRef,
+    SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceMeta, SourceStruct, SourceWithStateStream, SplitId,
+    StreamChunkWithState,
 };
 
 mod avro;
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkBuilder {
             descs: &self.descs,
             builders: &mut self.builders,
             op_builder: &mut self.op_builder,
+            row_meta: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -125,24 +126,58 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-/// `SourceStreamChunkRowWriter` is responsible to write one row (Insert/Delete) or two rows
-/// (Update) to the [`StreamChunk`].
+/// `SourceStreamChunkRowWriter` is responsible to write one or more records to the [`StreamChunk`],
+/// where each contains either one row (Insert/Delete) or two rows (Update) that can be written atomically.
 pub struct SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a> {
     descs: &'a [SourceColumnDesc],
     builders: &'a mut [ArrayBuilderImpl],
     op_builder: &'a mut Vec<Op>,
+
+    /// An optional meta data of the original message.
+    ///
+    /// When this is set by `with_meta`, it'll be used to fill the columns of types other than [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
+    row_meta: Option<MessageMeta>,
 }
 
-/// `WriteGuard` can't be constructed directly in other mods due to a private field, so it can be
-/// used to ensure that all methods on [`SourceStreamChunkRowWriter`] are called at least once in
-/// the `SourceParser::parse` implementation.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct WriteGuard(());
+/// The meta data of the original message for a row writer.
+///
+/// Extracted from the `SourceMessage`.
+pub struct MessageMeta {
+    meta: SourceMeta,
+    offset: String,
+}
+
+impl MessageMeta {
+    /// Extract the value for the given column.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the column is not a meta column.
+    fn value_for_column(&self, desc: &SourceColumnDesc) -> Option<Datum> {
+        match desc.column_type {
+            // Row id columns are filled with `NULL` here and will be filled with the real
+            // row id generated by `RowIdGenExecutor` later.
+            SourceColumnType::RowId => Datum::None.into(),
+            // Extract the offset from the meta data.
+            SourceColumnType::Offset => Datum::Some(self.offset.as_str().into()).into(),
+            // Extract custom meta data per connector.
+            SourceColumnType::Meta if let SourceMeta::Kafka(kafka_meta) = &self.meta => {
+                assert_eq!(desc.name.as_str(), KAFKA_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_NAME, "unexpected meta column name");
+                kafka_meta.timestamp.map(|ts| {
+                    risingwave_common::cast::i64_to_timestamptz(ts)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_scalar_value()
+                }).into()
+            }
+
+            // For other cases, return `None`.
+            SourceColumnType::Meta | SourceColumnType::Normal => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 trait OpAction {
     type Output;
 
-    const DEFAULT_OUTPUT: Self::Output;
+    fn output_for(datum: Datum) -> Self::Output;
 
     fn apply(builder: &mut ArrayBuilderImpl, output: Self::Output);
 
@@ -156,7 +191,10 @@ struct OpActionInsert;
 impl OpAction for OpActionInsert {
     type Output = Datum;
 
-    const DEFAULT_OUTPUT: Self::Output = None;
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn output_for(datum: Datum) -> Self::Output {
+        datum
+    }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn apply(builder: &mut ArrayBuilderImpl, output: Datum) {
@@ -179,7 +217,10 @@ struct OpActionDelete;
 impl OpAction for OpActionDelete {
     type Output = Datum;
 
-    const DEFAULT_OUTPUT: Self::Output = None;
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn output_for(datum: Datum) -> Self::Output {
+        datum
+    }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn apply(builder: &mut ArrayBuilderImpl, output: Datum) {
@@ -202,7 +243,10 @@ struct OpActionUpdate;
 impl OpAction for OpActionUpdate {
     type Output = (Datum, Datum);
 
-    const DEFAULT_OUTPUT: Self::Output = (None, None);
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn output_for(datum: Datum) -> Self::Output {
+        (datum.clone(), datum)
+    }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn apply(builder: &mut ArrayBuilderImpl, output: (Datum, Datum)) {
@@ -224,91 +268,76 @@ impl OpAction for OpActionUpdate {
 }
 
 impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
-    #[expect(
-        clippy::disallowed_methods,
-        reason = "FIXME: why zip_eq_fast leads to compile error?"
-    )]
+    /// Set the meta data of the original message for this row writer.
+    ///
+    /// This should always be called except for tests.
+    fn with_meta(self, row_meta: MessageMeta) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            row_meta: Some(row_meta),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
     fn do_action<A: OpAction>(
         &mut self,
         mut f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<A::Output>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
-        let mut modify_col = Vec::with_capacity(self.descs.len());
-        self.descs
-            .iter()
-            .zip_eq(self.builders.iter_mut())
-            .enumerate()
-            .try_for_each(|(idx, (desc, builder))| -> Result<()> {
-                if desc.is_meta() || desc.is_offset() {
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-                let output = if desc.is_row_id() {
-                    A::DEFAULT_OUTPUT
-                } else {
-                    f(desc)?
-                };
-                A::apply(builder, output);
-                modify_col.push(idx);
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut f_with_meta = |desc: &SourceColumnDesc| {
+            if let Some(meta_value) =
+                (self.row_meta.as_ref()).and_then(|row_meta| row_meta.value_for_column(desc))
+            {
+                Ok(A::output_for(meta_value))
+            } else {
+                f(desc)
+            }
+        };
 
-                Ok(())
-            })
-            .inspect_err(|e| {
-                tracing::warn!("failed to parse source data: {}", e);
-                modify_col.iter().for_each(|idx| {
-                    A::rollback(&mut self.builders[*idx]);
-                });
-            })?;
+        // Columns that changes have been applied to. Used to rollback when an error occurs.
+        let mut applied_columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.descs.len());
 
-        A::finish(self);
+        let result = (self.descs.iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(self.builders.iter_mut())
+            .try_for_each(|(desc, builder)| {
+                f_with_meta(desc).map(|output| {
+                    A::apply(builder, output);
+                    applied_columns.push(builder);
+                })
+            });
 
-        Ok(WriteGuard(()))
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                A::finish(self);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("failed to parse source data: {}", e);
+                for builder in applied_columns {
+                    A::rollback(builder);
+                }
+                Err(e)
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /// Write an `Insert` record to the [`StreamChunk`].
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
-    /// * `self`: Ownership is consumed so only one record can be written.
     /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
-    pub fn insert(
-        &mut self,
-        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ///   Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>) -> Result<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionInsert>(f)
     }
 
-    /// For other op like 'insert', 'update', 'delete', we will leave the hollow for the meta column
-    /// builder. e.g after insert
-    /// `data_builder = [1], meta_column_builder = [], op = [insert]`
-    ///
-    /// This function is used to fulfill this hollow in `meta_column_builder`.
-    /// e.g after fulfill
-    /// `data_builder = [1], meta_column_builder = [1], op = [insert]`
-    pub fn fulfill_meta_column(
-        &mut self,
-        mut f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Option<Datum>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
-        self.descs
-            .iter()
-            .zip_eq_fast(self.builders.iter_mut())
-            .for_each(|(desc, builder)| {
-                if let Some(output) = f(desc) {
-                    builder.append(output);
-                }
-            });
-
-        Ok(WriteGuard(()))
-    }
-
     /// Write a `Delete` record to the [`StreamChunk`].
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
-    /// * `self`: Ownership is consumed so only one record can be written.
     /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
-    pub fn delete(
-        &mut self,
-        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ///   Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>) -> Result<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionDelete>(f)
     }
 
@@ -316,13 +345,12 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
-    /// * `self`: Ownership is consumed so only one record can be written.
     /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced two [`Datum`]s as old and new value by corresponding
-    ///   [`SourceColumnDesc`].
+    ///   [`SourceColumnDesc`]. Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
     pub fn update(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<(Datum, Datum)>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionUpdate>(f)
     }
 }
@@ -333,6 +361,14 @@ pub enum TransactionControl {
     Commit { id: Box<str> },
 }
 
+/// The result of parsing a message.
+pub enum ParseResult {
+    /// Some rows are parsed and written to the [`SourceStreamChunkRowWriter`].
+    Rows,
+    /// A transaction control message is parsed.
+    TransactionControl(TransactionControl),
+}
+
 /// `ByteStreamSourceParser` is a new message parser, the parser should consume
 /// the input data stream and return a stream of parsed msgs.
 pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
@@ -348,7 +384,7 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<WriteGuard>> + Send + 'a;
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'a;
 
     /// Parse one record from the given `payload`, either write it to the `writer` or interpret it
     /// as a transaction control message.
@@ -360,8 +396,9 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Either<WriteGuard, TransactionControl>>> + Send + 'a {
-        self.parse_one(key, payload, writer).map_ok(Either::Left)
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<ParseResult>> + Send + 'a {
+        self.parse_one(key, payload, writer)
+            .map_ok(|_| ParseResult::Rows)
     }
 
     /// Parse a data stream of one source split into a stream of [`StreamChunk`].
@@ -436,57 +473,31 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let msg_offset = msg.offset;
-            split_offset_mapping.insert(msg.split_id, msg_offset.clone());
+            split_offset_mapping.insert(msg.split_id, msg.offset.clone());
 
             let old_op_num = builder.op_num();
             match parser
-                .parse_one_with_txn(msg.key, msg.payload, builder.row_writer())
+                .parse_one_with_txn(
+                    msg.key,
+                    msg.payload,
+                    builder.row_writer().with_meta(MessageMeta {
+                        meta: msg.meta,
+                        offset: msg.offset,
+                    }),
+                )
                 .await
             {
-                Ok(Either::Left(WriteGuard(_))) => {
-                    // new_op_num - old_op_num is the number of rows added to the builder
-                    let new_op_num = builder.op_num();
+                Ok(ParseResult::Rows) => {
+                    // The number of rows added to the builder.
+                    let num = builder.op_num() - old_op_num;
 
                     // Aggregate the number of rows in the current transaction.
                     if let Some(Transaction { len, .. }) = &mut current_transaction {
-                        *len += new_op_num - old_op_num;
-                    }
-
-                    // fill in meta column for specific source and offset column if needed
-                    for _ in old_op_num..new_op_num {
-                        let f =
-                            |desc: &SourceColumnDesc| -> Option<risingwave_common::types::Datum> {
-                                if desc.is_meta() && let SourceMeta::Kafka(kafka_meta) = &msg.meta {
-                                    match desc.name.as_str() {
-                                        KAFKA_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_NAME => {
-                                            Some(kafka_meta.timestamp.map(|ts| {
-                                                risingwave_common::cast::i64_to_timestamptz(ts)
-                                                    .unwrap()
-                                                    .into()
-                                            }))
-                                        }
-                                        _ => {
-                                            unreachable!(
-                                                "kafka will not have this meta column: {}",
-                                                desc.name
-                                            )
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                } else if desc.is_offset() {
-                                    Some(Some(msg_offset.as_str().into()))
-                                } else {
-                                    // None will be ignored by `fulfill_meta_column`
-                                    None
-                                }
-                            };
-
-                        // fill in meta or offset column if any
-                        builder.row_writer().fulfill_meta_column(f)?;
+                        *len += num;
                     }
                 }
 
-                Ok(Either::Right(txn_ctl)) => {
+                Ok(ParseResult::TransactionControl(txn_ctl)) => {
                     match txn_ctl {
                         TransactionControl::Begin { id } => {
                             if let Some(Transaction { id: current_id, .. }) = &current_transaction {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
index b50ab0e322ba3..53f87660de031 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use super::unified::util::apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use super::{
     AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType,
-    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig, WriteGuard,
+    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl PlainParser {
         &mut self,
         payload: Vec<u8>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let accessor = self.payload_builder.generate_accessor(payload).await?;
 
         apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(accessor, &mut writer)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for PlainParser {
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         only_parse_payload!(self, payload, writer)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
index 4795fb70e001f..433b7e5f74306 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, TryTypeError, ValueAccess, ValueType};
 
 use super::{Access, AccessError, AccessResult};
-use crate::parser::common::json_object_smart_get_value;
+use crate::parser::common::json_object_get_case_insensitive;
 use crate::parser::unified::avro::extract_decimal;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                     .zip_eq_fast(struct_type_info.types())
                     .map(|(field_name, field_type)| {
                         self.parse(
-                            json_object_smart_get_value(value, field_name.into())
+                            json_object_get_case_insensitive(value, field_name)
                                 .unwrap_or(&BorrowedValue::Static(simd_json::StaticNode::Null)),
                             Some(field_type),
                         )
@@ -561,11 +561,11 @@ where
 {
     fn access(&self, path: &[&str], type_expected: Option<&DataType>) -> AccessResult {
         let mut value = &self.value;
-        for (idx, key) in path.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (idx, &key) in path.iter().enumerate() {
             if let Some(sub_value) = if self.options.ignoring_keycase {
-                json_object_smart_get_value(value, (*key).into())
+                json_object_get_case_insensitive(value, key)
             } else {
-                value.get(*key)
+                value.get(key)
             } {
                 value = sub_value;
             } else {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
index 2e63ee71a5a07..38b83a3fc00d2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 
 use super::{Access, AccessError, ChangeEvent};
 use crate::parser::unified::ChangeEventOperation;
-use crate::parser::{SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, WriteGuard};
+use crate::parser::SourceStreamChunkRowWriter;
 
 pub fn apply_delete_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<WriteGuard, RwError> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
     writer.delete(|column| {
         let res = row_op.access_field(&column.name, &column.data_type);
         match res {
             Ok(datum) => Ok(datum),
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(name=?column.name, data_type=?&column.data_type, err=?e, "delete column error");
+                tracing::error!(name=column.name, data_type=%column.data_type, err=%e, "delete column error");
                 if column.is_pk {
                     // It should be an error when pk column is missing in the message
                     Err(e)?
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn apply_delete_on_stream_chunk_writer(
 pub fn apply_upsert_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<WriteGuard, RwError> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
     writer.insert(|column| {
         let res = match row_op.access_field(&column.name, &column.data_type) {
             Ok(o) => Ok(o),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
     op: ChangeEventOperation,
-) -> std::result::Result<WriteGuard, RwError> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
     match op {
         ChangeEventOperation::Upsert => apply_upsert_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, writer),
         ChangeEventOperation::Delete => apply_delete_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, writer),
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(
 pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<WriteGuard, RwError> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
     let op = row_op.op()?;
     apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(row_op, writer, op)
 }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(
 pub fn apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     accessor: impl Access,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> Result<WriteGuard, RwError> {
+) -> Result<(), RwError> {
     writer.insert(|column| {
         let res: Result<Datum, RwError> = match accessor
             .access(&[&column.name], Some(&column.data_type))
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
index a9fce2f991475..381e429565d11 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use super::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op;
 use super::unified::{AccessImpl, ChangeEventOperation};
 use super::{
     AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, BytesProperties, EncodingProperties, EncodingType,
-    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig, WriteGuard,
+    SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::extract_key_config;
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl UpsertParser {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut row_op: UpsertChangeEvent<AccessImpl<'_, '_>, AccessImpl<'_, '_>> =
             UpsertChangeEvent::default();
         let mut change_event_op = ChangeEventOperation::Delete;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for UpsertParser {
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         payload: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         self.parse_inner(key, payload, writer).await
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/util.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/util.rs
index 7444fe202de46..b4b36ed4b7cc1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/util.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/util.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::aws_utils::{default_conn_config, s3_client};
-use crate::parser::WriteGuard;
 
 const AVRO_SCHEMA_LOCATION_S3_REGION: &str = "region";
 
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ pub(super) async fn download_from_http(location: &Url) -> Result<Bytes> {
 // if all ok, return ok
 // if part of them are errors, log err and return ok
 #[inline]
-pub(super) fn at_least_one_ok(mut results: Vec<Result<WriteGuard>>) -> Result<WriteGuard> {
+pub(super) fn at_least_one_ok(mut results: Vec<Result<()>>) -> Result<()> {
     let errors = results
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|r| r.as_ref().err())
diff --git a/src/source/benches/json_parser.rs b/src/source/benches/json_parser.rs
index 70df93b902f57..e54a51befa9f1 100644
--- a/src/source/benches/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/source/benches/json_parser.rs
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ fn generate_json_row(rng: &mut impl Rng) -> String {
     )
 }
 
-fn generate_json_rows() -> Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+fn generate_json_rows() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
     let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
     let mut records = Vec::with_capacity(NUM_RECORDS);
     for _ in 0..NUM_RECORDS {
-        records.push(Some(generate_json_row(&mut rng).into_bytes()));
+        records.push(generate_json_row(&mut rng).into_bytes());
     }
     records
 }

From 4ca3a9ace68f9e6ad132fa9adfbe5fee434c99dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:40:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 191/430] feat(sink): handle stream key sink pk mismatch
 (#12458)

---
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs     |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               | 304 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     |   1 +
 3 files changed, 278 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
index a07757a5510a9..b0fcc5c246ee9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> LogWriter for KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
     }
 
     async fn write_chunk(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
-        assert!(chunk.cardinality() > 0);
+        if chunk.cardinality() == 0 {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
         let epoch = self.state_store.epoch();
         let start_seq_id = self.seq_id;
         self.seq_id += chunk.cardinality() as SeqIdType;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index 14394073e8df7..11a5ae11e120a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::mem;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunkMut;
-use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk, StreamChunkCompactor};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
@@ -65,6 +66,19 @@ fn force_append_only(c: StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk {
     c.into()
 }
 
+// Drop all the INSERT messages in this chunk and convert UPDATE DELETE into DELETE.
+fn force_delete_only(c: StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk {
+    let mut c: StreamChunkMut = c.into();
+    for (_, mut r) in c.to_rows_mut() {
+        match r.op() {
+            Op::Delete => {}
+            Op::Insert | Op::UpdateInsert => r.set_vis(false),
+            Op::UpdateDelete => r.set_op(Op::Delete),
+        }
+    }
+    c.into()
+}
+
 impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub async fn new(
@@ -101,12 +115,21 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
     }
 
     fn execute_inner(self) -> BoxedMessageStream {
+        let stream_key = self.pk_indices;
+
+        let stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch = {
+            stream_key
+                .iter()
+                .any(|i| !self.sink_param.downstream_pk.contains(i))
+        };
+
         let write_log_stream = Self::execute_write_log(
             self.input,
-            self.pk_indices,
+            stream_key,
             self.log_writer,
             self.sink_param.sink_type,
             self.actor_context,
+            stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch,
         );
 
         dispatch_sink!(self.sink, sink, {
@@ -127,6 +150,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         mut log_writer: impl LogWriter,
         sink_type: SinkType,
         actor_context: ActorContextRef,
+        stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch: bool,
     ) {
         let mut input = input.execute();
 
@@ -141,36 +165,115 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         // Propagate the first barrier
         yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
 
-        #[for_await]
-        for msg in input {
-            match msg? {
-                Message::Watermark(w) => yield Message::Watermark(w),
-                Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
-                    // Compact the chunk to eliminate any useless intermediate result (e.g. UPDATE
-                    // V->V).
-                    let chunk = merge_chunk_row(chunk, &stream_key);
-                    let chunk = if sink_type == SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
-                        // Force append-only by dropping UPDATE/DELETE messages. We do this when the
-                        // user forces the sink to be append-only while it is actually not based on
-                        // the frontend derivation result.
-                        force_append_only(chunk)
-                    } else {
-                        chunk
-                    };
-
-                    log_writer.write_chunk(chunk.clone()).await?;
-
-                    // Use original chunk instead of the reordered one as the executor output.
-                    yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
+        // When stream key is different from the user defined primary key columns for sinks. The operations could be out of order
+        // stream key: a,b
+        // sink pk: a
+
+        // original:
+        // (1,1) -> (1,2)
+        // (1,2) -> (1,3)
+
+        // mv fragment 1:
+        // delete (1,1)
+
+        // mv fragment 2:
+        // insert (1,2)
+        // delete (1,2)
+
+        // mv fragment 3:
+        // insert (1,3)
+
+        // merge to sink fragment:
+        // insert (1,3)
+        // insert (1,2)
+        // delete (1,2)
+        // delete (1,1)
+        // So we do additional compaction in the sink executor per barrier.
+
+        //     1. compact all the chanes with the stream key.
+        //     2. sink all the delete events and then sink all insert evernt.
+
+        // after compacting with the stream key, the two event with the same used defined sink pk must have different stream key.
+        // So the delete event is not to delete the inserted record in our internal streaming SQL semantic.
+        if stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch && sink_type != SinkType::AppendOnly {
+            let mut chunk_buffer = StreamChunkCompactor::new(stream_key.clone());
+            let mut watermark = None;
+            #[for_await]
+            for msg in input {
+                match msg? {
+                    Message::Watermark(w) => watermark = Some(w),
+                    Message::Chunk(c) => {
+                        chunk_buffer.push_chunk(c);
+                    }
+                    Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
+                        let mut delete_chunks = vec![];
+                        let mut insert_chunks = vec![];
+                        for c in mem::replace(
+                            &mut chunk_buffer,
+                            StreamChunkCompactor::new(stream_key.clone()),
+                        )
+                        .into_compacted_chunks()
+                        {
+                            if sink_type != SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
+                                // Force append-only by dropping UPDATE/DELETE messages. We do this when the
+                                // user forces the sink to be append-only while it is actually not based on
+                                // the frontend derivation result.
+                                delete_chunks.push(force_delete_only(c.clone()));
+                            }
+                            insert_chunks.push(force_append_only(c));
+                        }
+
+                        for c in delete_chunks.into_iter().chain(insert_chunks.into_iter()) {
+                            log_writer.write_chunk(c.clone()).await?;
+                            yield Message::Chunk(c);
+                        }
+                        if let Some(w) = mem::take(&mut watermark) {
+                            yield Message::Watermark(w)
+                        }
+                        log_writer
+                            .flush_current_epoch(barrier.epoch.curr, barrier.kind.is_checkpoint())
+                            .await?;
+                        if let Some(vnode_bitmap) = barrier.as_update_vnode_bitmap(actor_context.id)
+                        {
+                            log_writer.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap);
+                        }
+                        yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+                    }
                 }
-                Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
-                    log_writer
-                        .flush_current_epoch(barrier.epoch.curr, barrier.kind.is_checkpoint())
-                        .await?;
-                    if let Some(vnode_bitmap) = barrier.as_update_vnode_bitmap(actor_context.id) {
-                        log_writer.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap);
+            }
+        } else {
+            #[for_await]
+            for msg in input {
+                match msg? {
+                    Message::Watermark(w) => yield Message::Watermark(w),
+                    Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                        // Compact the chunk to eliminate any useless intermediate result (e.g. UPDATE
+                        // V->V).
+                        let chunk = merge_chunk_row(chunk, &stream_key);
+                        let chunk = if sink_type == SinkType::ForceAppendOnly {
+                            // Force append-only by dropping UPDATE/DELETE messages. We do this when the
+                            // user forces the sink to be append-only while it is actually not based on
+                            // the frontend derivation result.
+                            force_append_only(chunk)
+                        } else {
+                            chunk
+                        };
+
+                        log_writer.write_chunk(chunk.clone()).await?;
+
+                        // Use original chunk instead of the reordered one as the executor output.
+                        yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
+                    }
+                    Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
+                        log_writer
+                            .flush_current_epoch(barrier.epoch.curr, barrier.kind.is_checkpoint())
+                            .await?;
+                        if let Some(vnode_bitmap) = barrier.as_update_vnode_bitmap(actor_context.id)
+                        {
+                            log_writer.update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap);
+                        }
+                        yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
                     }
-                    yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -352,6 +455,147 @@ mod test {
         executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch() {
+        use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunk;
+        use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunkTestExt;
+        use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+
+        use crate::executor::Barrier;
+
+        let properties = maplit::hashmap! {
+            "connector".into() => "blackhole".into(),
+        };
+
+        // We have two visible columns and one hidden column. The hidden column will be pruned out
+        // within the sink executor.
+        let columns = vec![
+            ColumnCatalog {
+                column_desc: ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::new(0), DataType::Int64),
+                is_hidden: false,
+            },
+            ColumnCatalog {
+                column_desc: ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::new(1), DataType::Int64),
+                is_hidden: false,
+            },
+            ColumnCatalog {
+                column_desc: ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::new(2), DataType::Int64),
+                is_hidden: true,
+            },
+        ];
+        let schema: Schema = columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|column| Field::from(column.column_desc.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let mock = MockSource::with_messages(
+            schema,
+            vec![0, 1],
+            vec![
+                Message::Barrier(Barrier::new_test_barrier(1)),
+                Message::Chunk(std::mem::take(&mut StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                    " I I I
+                    + 1 1 10",
+                ))),
+                Message::Barrier(Barrier::new_test_barrier(2)),
+                Message::Chunk(std::mem::take(&mut StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                    " I I I
+                    + 1 3 30",
+                ))),
+                Message::Chunk(std::mem::take(&mut StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                    " I I I
+                    + 1 2 20
+                    - 1 2 20",
+                ))),
+                Message::Chunk(std::mem::take(&mut StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                    " I I I
+                    - 1 1 10",
+                ))),
+                Message::Barrier(Barrier::new_test_barrier(3)),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        let sink_param = SinkParam {
+            sink_id: 0.into(),
+            properties,
+            columns: columns
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|col| !col.is_hidden)
+                .map(|col| col.column_desc.clone())
+                .collect(),
+            downstream_pk: vec![0],
+            sink_type: SinkType::Upsert,
+            db_name: "test".into(),
+            sink_from_name: "test".into(),
+        };
+
+        let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
+            Box::new(mock),
+            Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
+            SinkWriterParam::default(),
+            sink_param,
+            columns.clone(),
+            ActorContext::create(0),
+            BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory::new(1),
+            vec![0, 1],
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let mut executor = SinkExecutor::execute(Box::new(sink_executor));
+
+        // Barrier message.
+        executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().cardinality(), 0);
+
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().compact(),
+            StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                " I I I
+                + 1 1 10",
+            )
+        );
+
+        // Barrier message.
+        executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().cardinality(), 0);
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().cardinality(), 0);
+
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().compact(),
+            StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                " I I I
+                - 1 1 10",
+            )
+        );
+
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().compact(),
+            StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+                " I I I
+                + 1 3 30",
+            )
+        );
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().cardinality(), 0);
+        let chunk_msg = executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(chunk_msg.into_chunk().unwrap().cardinality(), 0);
+
+        // Should not receive the third stream chunk message because the force-append-only sink
+        // executor will drop all DELETE messages.
+
+        // The last barrier message.
+        executor.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_empty_barrier_sink() {
         use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index ad8eb8a4d9cf2..aa8c8725b3815 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ async fn test_sink_basic() -> Result<()> {
             sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
         }
     }
+    sleep(Duration::from_millis(10000)).await;
 
     assert_eq!(6, parallelism_counter.load(Relaxed));
     assert_eq!(count, row_counter.load(Relaxed));

From aad4119c278d0a814761ef98d08cedd399465779 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:46:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 192/430] feat(optimizer): support apply hop window transpose
 rule (#12338)

---
 .../subquery_with_hop_window.slt.part         | 19 ++++
 .../tests/testdata/input/subquery.yaml        |  7 ++
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml       | 24 +++++
 .../src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs     |  1 +
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs |  4 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs   |  2 +-
 .../rule/apply_hop_window_transpose_rule.rs   | 93 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs         |  2 +-
 .../rule/cross_join_eliminate_rule.rs         |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs        |  3 +
 10 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/subquery/subquery_with_hop_window.slt.part
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_hop_window_transpose_rule.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/subquery/subquery_with_hop_window.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/subquery_with_hop_window.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d4dba50fa37c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/subquery_with_hop_window.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table t1 (k int primary key, ts timestamp);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t1 values (1, '2021-01-01 10:15:00');
+
+query IITTT rowsort
+select * from (select 1 as col union select 2) u , lateral(select * from hop(t1, ts, interval '10' minute, interval '30' minute) where col = k);
+----
+1 1 2021-01-01 10:15:00 2021-01-01 09:50:00 2021-01-01 10:20:00
+1 1 2021-01-01 10:15:00 2021-01-01 10:00:00 2021-01-01 10:30:00
+1 1 2021-01-01 10:15:00 2021-01-01 10:10:00 2021-01-01 10:40:00
+
+statement ok
+drop table t1;
+
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery.yaml
index e17087cd071fe..b1d58c5e422ed 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/subquery.yaml
@@ -284,3 +284,10 @@
   expected_outputs:
     - batch_plan
     - stream_plan
+- name: test hop window subquery 1
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (k int primary key, ts timestamp);
+    select * from (select 1 as col union select 2) u , lateral(select * from hop(t1, ts, interval '10' minute, interval '30' minute) where col = k);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
index ca6375cfaace9..64116534a99b6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
@@ -833,3 +833,27 @@
               └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
                 └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(rows.correlated_col) }
                   └─StreamTableScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col, rows._row_id], pk: [rows._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(rows._row_id) }
+- name: test hop window subquery 1
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (k int primary key, ts timestamp);
+    select * from (select 1 as col union select 2) u , lateral(select * from hop(t1, ts, interval '10' minute, interval '30' minute) where col = k);
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchHopWindow { time_col: t1.ts, slide: 00:10:00, size: 00:30:00, output: all }
+    └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+      └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t1.ts) }
+        └─BatchLookupJoin { type: Inner, predicate: 1:Int32 = t1.k AND IsNotNull(t1.ts), output: all }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(1:Int32) }
+            └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [1:Int32], aggs: [] }
+              └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
+                └─BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32], [2:Int32]] }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col, k, ts, window_start, window_end], stream_key: [col, k, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [col, k, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: 1:Int32 = t1.k, output: all }
+      ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [1:Int32] }
+      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
+      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [1:Int32] }
+      │     └─StreamValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 0:Int64], [2:Int32, 1:Int64]] }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k) }
+        └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: t1.ts, slide: 00:10:00, size: 00:30:00, output: all }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t1.ts) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.k, t1.ts], pk: [t1.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.k) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
index 7a59c968326fe..f5b363904bab9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ static GENERAL_UNNESTING_PUSH_DOWN_APPLY: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock
             ApplyUnionTransposeRule::create(),
             ApplyOverWindowTransposeRule::create(),
             ApplyExpandTransposeRule::create(),
+            ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule::create(),
             CrossJoinEliminateRule::create(),
             ApplyShareEliminateRule::create(),
         ],
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
index 73fd3730b0c4c..d07504701ab4d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ impl LogicalHopWindow {
         self.core.into_parts()
     }
 
+    pub fn output_indices_are_trivial(&self) -> bool {
+        self.output_indices() == &(0..self.core.internal_column_num()).collect_vec()
+    }
+
     /// used for binder and planner. The function will add a filter operator to ignore records with
     /// NULL time value. <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8130>
     pub fn create(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
index a9e398350f8d4..21aef3277a9de 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl LogicalJoin {
         self.core.is_full_out()
     }
 
-    pub fn output_indices_is_trivial(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn output_indices_are_trivial(&self) -> bool {
         self.output_indices() == &(0..self.internal_column_num()).collect_vec()
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_hop_window_transpose_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_hop_window_transpose_rule.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bf332fee28417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_hop_window_transpose_rule.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
+
+use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalApply, LogicalFilter, LogicalHopWindow};
+use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
+use crate::utils::Condition;
+
+/// Transpose `LogicalApply` and `LogicalHopWindow`.
+///
+/// Before:
+///
+/// ```text
+///     LogicalApply
+///    /            \
+///  Domain      LogicalHopWindow
+///                  |
+///                Input
+/// ```
+///
+/// After:
+///
+/// ```text
+///    LogicalHopWindow
+///          |
+///    LogicalApply
+///    /            \
+///  Domain        Input
+/// ```
+pub struct ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule {}
+impl Rule for ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule {
+    fn apply(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> Option<PlanRef> {
+        let apply: &LogicalApply = plan.as_logical_apply()?;
+        let (left, right, on, join_type, correlated_id, correlated_indices, max_one_row) =
+            apply.clone().decompose();
+        let hop_window: &LogicalHopWindow = right.as_logical_hop_window()?;
+        assert_eq!(join_type, JoinType::Inner);
+
+        if !hop_window.output_indices_are_trivial() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let (hop_window_input, time_col, window_slide, window_size, window_offset, _output_indices) =
+            hop_window.clone().into_parts();
+
+        let apply_left_len = left.schema().len() as isize;
+
+        if max_one_row {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let new_apply = LogicalApply::new(
+            left,
+            hop_window_input,
+            JoinType::Inner,
+            Condition::true_cond(),
+            correlated_id,
+            correlated_indices,
+            false,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let new_hop_window = LogicalHopWindow::create(
+            new_apply,
+            time_col.clone_with_offset(apply_left_len),
+            window_slide,
+            window_size,
+            window_offset,
+        );
+
+        let filter = LogicalFilter::create(new_hop_window, on);
+        Some(filter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule {
+    pub fn create() -> BoxedRule {
+        Box::new(ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule {})
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
index 089a66f0ad08b..66579248a76f9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl Rule for ApplyJoinTransposeRule {
         }
 
         assert!(
-            join.output_indices_is_trivial(),
+            join.output_indices_are_trivial(),
             "ApplyJoinTransposeRule requires the join containing no output indices, so make sure ProjectJoinSeparateRule is always applied before this rule"
         );
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/cross_join_eliminate_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/cross_join_eliminate_rule.rs
index 336ec74fa9094..ddc8ff3efc2ba 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/cross_join_eliminate_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/cross_join_eliminate_rule.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Rule for CrossJoinEliminateRule {
             && join_type == JoinType::Inner
             && values.rows().len() == 1 // one row
             && values.rows()[0].is_empty() // no columns
-            && join.output_indices_is_trivial()
+            && join.output_indices_are_trivial()
         {
             Some(left)
         } else {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
index 388a8ea632c89..137528fd6b41e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ mod expand_to_project_rule;
 pub use expand_to_project_rule::*;
 mod agg_group_by_simplify_rule;
 pub use agg_group_by_simplify_rule::*;
+mod apply_hop_window_transpose_rule;
+pub use apply_hop_window_transpose_rule::*;
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! for_all_rules {
@@ -209,6 +211,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_rules {
             , { ApplyExpandTransposeRule }
             , { ExpandToProjectRule }
             , { AggGroupBySimplifyRule }
+            , { ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule }
         }
     };
 }

From 2c332fcf671caafadd3de655ecf415099e8976c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 14:13:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 193/430] chore: fix typo: MongoProjection (#12554)

---
 src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs | 4 ++--
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/debezium.rs           | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
index 4b6478f3d73c1..5d8738a3fa865 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, Mutable};
 
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
-use crate::parser::unified::debezium::{DebeziumChangeEvent, MongoProjeciton};
+use crate::parser::unified::debezium::{DebeziumChangeEvent, MongoProjection};
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl DebeziumMongoJsonParser {
 
         let accessor = JsonAccess::new_with_options(payload, &JsonParseOptions::DEBEZIUM);
 
-        let row_op = DebeziumChangeEvent::with_value(MongoProjeciton::new(accessor));
+        let row_op = DebeziumChangeEvent::with_value(MongoProjection::new(accessor));
 
         apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, &mut writer)
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/debezium.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/debezium.rs
index 9155b5910cf58..e16df28aebdf2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/debezium.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/debezium.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub struct MongoProjeciton<A> {
+pub struct MongoProjection<A> {
     accessor: A,
 }
 
@@ -183,13 +183,13 @@ pub fn extract_bson_id(id_type: &DataType, bson_doc: &serde_json::Value) -> anyh
 };
     Ok(id)
 }
-impl<A> MongoProjeciton<A> {
+impl<A> MongoProjection<A> {
     pub fn new(accessor: A) -> Self {
         Self { accessor }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A> Access for MongoProjeciton<A>
+impl<A> Access for MongoProjection<A>
 where
     A: Access,
 {

From ea803defda04bd547a7705b6457e57f066f5d7e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 06:19:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 194/430] chore(deps): Bump syn from 2.0.33 to 2.0.37 (#12497)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 876f9f520e1b3..9adcc73030e31 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "serde_json",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ checksum = "5fd55a5ba1179988837d24ab4c7cc8ed6efdeff578ede0416b4225a5fca35bd0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ checksum = "bc00ceb34980c03614e35a3a4e218276a0a824e911d07651cd0d858a51e8c0f0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "derive_utils",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ checksum = "bc7cb2538d4ecc42b6c3b57a83094d8c69894e74468d18cd045a09fdea807358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1879,7 +1879,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f34ba9a9bcb8645379e9de8cb3ecfcf4d1c85ba66d90deb3259206fa5aa193b"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2099,7 +2099,7 @@ checksum = "83fdaf97f4804dcebfa5862639bc9ce4121e82140bec2a987ac5140294865b5b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2126,7 +2126,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "scratch",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ checksum = "2fa16a70dd58129e4dfffdff535fb1bce66673f7bbeec4a5a1765a504e1ccd84"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2215,7 +2215,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2248,7 +2248,7 @@ checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core 0.20.3",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ checksum = "9abcad25e9720609ccb3dcdb795d845e37d8ce34183330a9f48b03a1a71c8e21"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2535,7 +2535,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2575,7 +2575,7 @@ checksum = "eecf8589574ce9b895052fa12d69af7a233f99e6107f5cb8dd1044f2a17bfdcb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2588,7 +2588,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2964,7 +2964,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.3.8",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -3001,7 +3001,7 @@ checksum = "b0fa992f1656e1707946bbba340ad244f0814009ef8c0118eb7b658395f19a2e"
 dependencies = [
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3013,7 +3013,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3025,7 +3025,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "frunk_core",
  "frunk_proc_macro_helpers",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4616,7 +4616,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "termcolor",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -5106,7 +5106,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5395,7 +5395,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
  "structmeta",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5591,7 +5591,7 @@ checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5696,7 +5696,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6006,7 +6006,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
@@ -7076,7 +7076,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8165,7 +8165,7 @@ checksum = "4eca7ac642d82aa35b60049a6eccb4be6be75e599bd2e9adb5f875a737654af2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8226,7 +8226,7 @@ checksum = "8725e1dfadb3a50f7e5ce0b1a540466f6ed3fe7a0fca2ac2b8b831d31316bd00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8314,7 +8314,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8326,7 +8326,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8364,7 +8364,7 @@ checksum = "91d129178576168c589c9ec973feedf7d3126c01ac2bf08795109aa35b69fb8f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8925,7 +8925,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "structmeta-derive",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8936,7 +8936,7 @@ checksum = "a60bcaff7397072dca0017d1db428e30d5002e00b6847703e2e42005c95fbe00"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8977,7 +8977,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9042,9 +9042,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.33"
+version = "2.0.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9caece70c63bfba29ec2fed841a09851b14a235c60010fa4de58089b6c025668"
+checksum = "7303ef2c05cd654186cb250d29049a24840ca25d2747c25c0381c8d9e2f582e8"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -9146,7 +9146,7 @@ checksum = "49922ecae66cc8a249b77e68d1d0623c1b2c514f0060c27cdc68bd62a1219d35"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9320,7 +9320,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9604,7 +9604,7 @@ checksum = "5f4f31f56159e98206da9efd823404b79b6ef3143b4a7ab76e67b1751b25a4ab"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9970,7 +9970,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -10004,7 +10004,7 @@ checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -10386,7 +10386,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sqlx-sqlite",
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
  "time",
  "time-macros",
  "tinyvec",
@@ -10481,7 +10481,7 @@ checksum = "56097d5b91d711293a42be9289403896b68654625021732067eac7a4ca388a1f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.33",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From e7024f5df288c88a3ff267a45e23149dc66dfc2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 14:55:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 195/430] chore(over window): make some logs trace level
 (#12559)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs   | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
index 2cfe507b9c563..06cd7de3bc526 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub(super) fn shrink_partition_cache(
     cache_policy: CachePolicy,
     recently_accessed_range: RangeInclusive<StateKey>,
 ) {
-    tracing::debug!(
+    tracing::trace!(
         this_partition_key=?this_partition_key,
         cache_policy=?cache_policy,
         recently_accessed_range=?recently_accessed_range,
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ pub(super) fn shrink_partition_cache(
         }
     };
 
-    tracing::debug!(
+    tracing::trace!(
         this_partition_key=?this_partition_key,
         retain_range=?(&start..=&end),
         "retain range in the range cache"
@@ -431,16 +431,16 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
 
             if left_reached_sentinel {
                 // TODO(rc): should count cache miss for this, and also the below
-                tracing::debug!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache left extension triggered");
+                tracing::trace!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache left extension triggered");
                 let left_most = self.cache_real_first_key().unwrap_or(delta_first).clone();
                 self.extend_cache_leftward_by_n(table, &left_most).await?;
             }
             if right_reached_sentinel {
-                tracing::debug!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache right extension triggered");
+                tracing::trace!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache right extension triggered");
                 let right_most = self.cache_real_last_key().unwrap_or(delta_last).clone();
                 self.extend_cache_rightward_by_n(table, &right_most).await?;
             }
-            tracing::debug!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache extended");
+            tracing::trace!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "partition cache extended");
         }
     }
 
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        tracing::debug!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "loading the whole partition into cache");
+        tracing::trace!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "loading the whole partition into cache");
 
         let mut new_cache = PartitionCache::new(); // shouldn't use `new_empty_partition_cache` here because we don't want sentinels
         let table_iter = table
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
                 Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.start())?),
                 Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(cache_real_first_key)?),
             );
-            tracing::debug!(
+            tracing::trace!(
                 partition=?self.this_partition_key,
                 table_pk_range=?table_pk_range,
                 "loading the left half of given range"
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
                 Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(cache_real_last_key)?),
                 Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.end())?),
             );
-            tracing::debug!(
+            tracing::trace!(
                 partition=?self.this_partition_key,
                 table_pk_range=?table_pk_range,
                 "loading the right half of given range"

From d479042a4df408b5b436e2e64b718a201b90ce88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 15:12:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 196/430] test: add duckdb cte tests & fix some minor bugs
 (#12527)

---
 .git-blame-ignore-revs                        |   3 +
 Makefile.toml                                 |  17 +-
 e2e_test/batch/basic/cte.slt.part             |  11 ++
 e2e_test/batch/basic/lookup_join.slt.part     |   7 +
 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/all.slt.part            |   1 +
 .../cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test.slt.part     |  18 +++
 .../duckdb/cte/test_bug_922.test.slt.part     |   8 +
 .../batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte.test.slt.part   | 145 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../duckdb/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test.slt.part  |  57 +++++++
 .../cte/test_cte_overflow.test.slt.part       |  26 ++++
 .../duckdb/cte/test_issue_5673.test.slt.part  |  54 +++++++
 .../tests/testdata/input/limit.yaml           |   5 +
 .../tests/testdata/output/limit.yaml          |   9 ++
 src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs       |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs    |   6 +-
 src/risedevtool/src/risedev_env.rs            |   5 +-
 16 files changed, 371 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test.slt.part
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_bug_922.test.slt.part
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte.test.slt.part
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test.slt.part
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_overflow.test.slt.part
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_issue_5673.test.slt.part

diff --git a/.git-blame-ignore-revs b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
index bae692a579559..c3a80429ee84d 100644
--- a/.git-blame-ignore-revs
+++ b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
@@ -33,3 +33,6 @@ f8266748dcb70541da944664552c1944ff8362e4
 
 # feat(risedev): add check for trailing spaces in `risedev check` (#11294)
 f2a3fd021059e680b35b24c63cff5f8dbe9f9d5f
+
+# chore(rustfmt): format let-chains and let-else #9409
+d70dba827c303373f3220c9733f7c7443e5c2d37
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 0c2a99351d55e..4c01da30376b0 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -1313,9 +1313,12 @@ echo "All processes has exited."
 
 [tasks.slt]
 category = "RiseDev - SQLLogicTest"
-install_crate = { version = "0.17.0", crate_name = "sqllogictest-bin", binary = "sqllogictest", test_arg = [
+install_crate = { version = "0.17.1", crate_name = "sqllogictest-bin", binary = "sqllogictest", test_arg = [
   "--help",
 ], install_command = "binstall" }
+dependencies = ["check-risedev-env-file"]
+env_files = ["${PREFIX_CONFIG}/risedev-env"]
+env = { SLT_HOST = "${RW_FRONTEND_LISTEN_ADDRESS}", SLT_PORT = "${RW_FRONTEND_PORT}", SLT_DB = "dev" }
 command = "sqllogictest"
 args = ["${@}"]
 description = "🌟 Run SQLLogicTest"
@@ -1418,3 +1421,15 @@ cargo run -p risingwave_common --bin example-config >> src/config/example.toml
 category = "RiseDev - Backwards Compatibility Test"
 description = "Run backwards compatibility test"
 script = "./backwards-compat-tests/scripts/run_local.sh"
+
+# For debugging.
+# To show the env for a specific task, use `run_task = "show-env"` for that task.
+[tasks.show-env]
+private = true
+description = "Show cargo-make runtime environment variables"
+script = """
+#!@duckscript
+# https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/issues/889
+vars = dump_variables
+echo ${vars}
+"""
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/cte.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/cte.slt.part
index 8d1858ac0cd38..7bdd3407baa68 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/cte.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/cte.slt.part
@@ -65,3 +65,14 @@ drop table t1;
 
 statement ok
 drop table t2;
+
+# more tests for alias https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12526
+query I
+with cte as (select 1) select x from cte t(x);
+----
+1
+
+query I
+with cte(a) as (select 1,2) select x,y from cte t(x,y);
+----
+1 2
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/lookup_join.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/lookup_join.slt.part
index e653b3e2000a1..400c35068d695 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/lookup_join.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/lookup_join.slt.part
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ select * from t1 right join t3 on t1.v1 = t3.v1 order by t1.v1, t1.v2;
 1 4 1 2
 NULL NULL 4 1
 
+# A bug in https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/pull/12527
+# lookup join panics when the scan is single distribution
+query I
+select 1 from (select * from t1 left join t3 on t1.v1 = t3.v1 order by t1.v1, t1.v2) where exists (select 1) limit 1;
+----
+1
+
 statement ok
 drop materialized view t3;
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/all.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/all.slt.part
index 81ed190749455..68adce73dea24 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/all.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/all.slt.part
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ include ./conjunction/*.slt.part
 include ./conjunction/*/*.slt.part
 include ./limit/*.slt.part
 include ./select/*.slt.part
+include ./cte/*.slt.part
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d4a6a955caf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/insert_cte_bug_3417.test
+# description: Test for a crash reported in issue #3417
+# group: [cte]
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE table1 (id INTEGER, a INTEGER);
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE table2 (table1_id INTEGER);
+
+statement error
+INSERT INTO table2 WITH cte AS (INSERT INTO table1 SELECT 1, 2 RETURNING id) SELECT id FROM cte;
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE table1;
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE table2;
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_bug_922.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_bug_922.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..371fc7b5b8ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_bug_922.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/test_bug_922.test
+# description: Test for a crash reported in issue #922
+# group: [cte]
+
+query I
+WITH my_list(value) AS (VALUES (1), (2), (3))
+    SELECT * FROM my_list LIMIT 0 OFFSET 1
+----
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4e073e8ebcacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/test_cte.test
+# description: Test Common Table Expressions (CTE)
+# group: [cte]
+
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO TRUE;
+
+statement ok
+create table a(i integer);
+
+statement ok
+insert into a values (42);
+
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte1;
+----
+42
+
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select x from cte1 t1(x);
+----
+42
+
+query I
+with cte1(xxx) as (Select i as j from a) select xxx from cte1;
+----
+42
+
+query I
+with cte1(xxx) as (Select i as j from a) select x from cte1 t1(x);
+----
+42
+
+query II
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a), cte2 as (select ref.j as k from cte1 as ref), cte3 as (select ref2.j+1 as i from cte1 as ref2) select * from cte2 , cte3;
+----
+42	43
+
+query I rowsort
+with cte1 as (select i as j from a), cte2 as (select ref.j as k from cte1 as ref), cte3 as (select ref2.j+1 as i from cte1 as ref2) select * from cte2 union all select * FROM cte3;
+----
+42
+43
+
+
+# FIXME: this should be an error
+# duplicate CTE alias
+query I
+with cte1 as (select 42), cte1 as (select 43) select * FROM cte1;
+----
+43
+
+# reference to CTE before its actually defined
+# duckdb is ok
+# postgres: query failed: db error: ERROR: relation "cte1" does not exist
+#    DETAIL: There is a WITH item named "cte1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+#    HINT: Use WITH RECURSIVE, or re-order the WITH items to remove forward references.
+query error table or source not found: cte1
+with cte3 as (select ref2.j as i from cte1 as ref2), cte1 as (Select i as j from a), cte2 as (select ref.j+1 as k from cte1 as ref) select * from cte2 union all select * FROM cte3;
+
+
+# multiple uses of same CTE
+query II
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte1 cte11, cte1 cte12;
+----
+42	42
+
+# refer to CTE in subquery
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte1 where j = (select max(j) from cte1 as cte2);
+----
+42
+
+# multi-column name alias
+query II
+with cte1(x, y) as (select 42 a, 84 b) select zzz, y from cte1 t1(zzz);
+----
+42	84
+
+# use a CTE in a view definition
+statement ok
+create view va AS (with cte as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte);
+
+query I
+select * from va
+----
+42
+
+# nested CTE views that re-use CTE aliases
+query I
+with cte AS (SELECT * FROM va) SELECT * FROM cte;
+----
+42
+
+# multiple ctes in a view definition
+statement ok
+create view vb AS (with cte1 as (Select i as j from a), cte2 as (select ref.j+1 as k from cte1 as ref) select * from cte2);
+
+query I
+select * from vb
+----
+43
+
+# cte in set operation node
+query I
+SELECT 1 UNION ALL (WITH cte AS (SELECT 42) SELECT * FROM cte);
+----
+1
+42
+
+# # cte in recursive cte
+# query I
+# WITH RECURSIVE cte(d) AS (
+# 		SELECT 1
+# 	UNION ALL
+# 		(WITH c(d) AS (SELECT * FROM cte)
+# 			SELECT d + 1
+# 			FROM c
+# 			WHERE FALSE
+# 		)
+# )
+# SELECT max(d) FROM cte;
+# ----
+# 1
+
+# test CTE with nested aliases in where clause
+# Note: postgres doesn't support this: column "alias1" does not exist
+query error failed to bind expression: alias1
+with cte (a) as (
+    select 1
+)
+select
+    a as alias1,
+    alias1 as alias2
+from cte
+where alias2 > 0;
+
+statement ok
+drop view vb;
+
+statement ok
+drop view va;
+
+statement ok
+drop table a;
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..08c31f2b40f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/test_cte_in_cte.test
+# description: Test Nested Common Table Expressions (CTE)
+# group: [cte]
+
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO TRUE;
+
+statement ok
+create table a(i integer);
+
+statement ok
+insert into a values (42);
+
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte1;
+----
+42
+
+query I
+with cte1 as (with b as (Select i as j from a) Select j from b) select x from cte1 t1(x);
+----
+42
+
+query I
+with cte1(xxx) as (with ncte(yyy) as (Select i as j from a) Select yyy from ncte) select xxx from cte1;
+----
+42
+
+query II
+with cte1 as (with b as (Select i as j from a) select j from b), cte2 as (with c as (select ref.j+1 as k from cte1 as ref) select k from c) select * from cte1 , cte2;
+----
+42	43
+
+# refer to CTE in subquery tableref
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from (with cte2 as (select max(j) as j from cte1) select * from cte2) f
+----
+42
+
+# refer to CTE in subquery expression
+query I
+with cte1 as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte1 where j = (with cte2 as (select max(j) as j from cte1) select j from cte2);
+----
+42
+
+# refer to same-named CTE in a subquery expression
+query I
+with cte as (Select i as j from a) select * from cte where j = (with cte as (select max(j) as j from cte) select j from cte);
+----
+42
+
+# self-refer to non-existent cte
+statement error
+with cte as (select * from cte) select * from cte
+
+statement ok
+drop table a;
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_overflow.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_overflow.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4d27a9c7a3dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_cte_overflow.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/test_cte_overflow.test
+# description: Ensure no stack overflow for CTE names that match existing tables
+# group: [cte]
+
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO TRUE;
+
+statement ok
+create table a (id integer)
+
+statement ok
+insert into a values (1729)
+
+statement ok
+create view va as (with v as (select * from a) select * from v)
+
+query I
+with a as (select * from va) select * from a
+----
+1729
+
+statement ok
+drop view va;
+
+statement ok
+drop table a;
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_issue_5673.test.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_issue_5673.test.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6fa4c3d8c23d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/duckdb/cte/test_issue_5673.test.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# name: test/sql/cte/test_issue_5673.test
+# description: Issue #5673 and #4987: CTE and Table name are name shadowing
+# group: [cte]
+
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO TRUE;
+
+statement ok
+create table orders(ordered_at int);
+
+statement ok
+create table stg_orders(ordered_at int);
+
+statement ok
+insert into orders values (1);
+
+statement ok
+insert into stg_orders values (1);
+
+# Note: postgres succeeds.
+# duckdb returns Binder Error: Circular reference to CTE "orders", There are two possible solutions.
+query ok
+with
+orders as (
+    select * from stg_orders
+    where ordered_at >= (select max(ordered_at) from orders)
+),
+some_more_logic as (
+    select *
+    from orders
+)
+select * from some_more_logic;
+----
+1
+
+query I
+with
+orders as (
+    select * from public.stg_orders
+    where ordered_at >= (select max(ordered_at) from public.orders)
+),
+some_more_logic as (
+    select *
+    from orders
+)
+select * from some_more_logic;
+----
+1
+
+statement ok
+drop table orders;
+
+statement ok
+drop table stg_orders;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/limit.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/limit.yaml
index 31344d6b4dc18..0d15a5de6cd17 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/limit.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/limit.yaml
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@
   expected_outputs:
   - batch_plan
   - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    select 1 c limit 1 offset 2
+  expected_outputs:
+  - batch_plan
+  - stream_plan
 - sql: |
     select 1 c order by 1 limit 1
   expected_outputs:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/limit.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/limit.yaml
index 81a832e8f48a2..d45ef084fe9b6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/limit.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/limit.yaml
@@ -83,6 +83,15 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [c, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTopN [append_only] { order: [1:Int32 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 }
       └─StreamValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 0:Int64]] }
+- sql: |
+    select 1 c limit 1 offset 2
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchLimit { limit: 1, offset: 2 }
+    └─BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32]] }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [c, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamTopN [append_only] { order: [1:Int32 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 2 }
+      └─StreamValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 0:Int64]] }
 - sql: |
     select 1 c order by 1 limit 1
   batch_plan: |-
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
index 4ee4337c2f048..a6a1a8d2b02f2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
+use itertools::{EitherOrBoth, Itertools};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, TableId, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
@@ -337,11 +338,13 @@ impl Binder {
 
             if let Some(from_alias) = alias {
                 original_alias.name = from_alias.name;
-                let mut alias_iter = from_alias.columns.into_iter();
                 original_alias.columns = original_alias
                     .columns
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(|ident| alias_iter.next().unwrap_or(ident))
+                    .zip_longest(
+                        from_alias.columns
+                    )
+                    .map(EitherOrBoth::into_right)
                     .collect();
             }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
index 5fe37b1713ecc..e617f1c2cd544 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ impl BatchLimit {
         BatchLimit { base, logical }
     }
 
-    fn two_phase_limit(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+    fn two_phase_limit(&self, new_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let new_limit = self.logical.limit + self.logical.offset;
         let new_offset = 0;
-        let logical_partial_limit = generic::Limit::new(input, new_limit, new_offset);
+        let logical_partial_limit = generic::Limit::new(new_input.clone(), new_limit, new_offset);
         let batch_partial_limit = Self::new(logical_partial_limit);
         let any_order = Order::any();
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl BatchLimit {
             single_dist.enforce_if_not_satisfies(batch_partial_limit.into(), &any_order)?
         } else {
             // The input's distribution is singleton, so use one phase limit is enough.
-            return Ok(batch_partial_limit.into());
+            return Ok(self.clone_with_input(new_input).into());
         };
 
         let batch_global_limit = self.clone_with_input(ensure_single_dist);
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/risedev_env.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/risedev_env.rs
index 20b5fa97dae34..2ab3e350165f5 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/risedev_env.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/risedev_env.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ use std::process::Command;
 
 use crate::{add_hummock_backend, HummockInMemoryStrategy, ServiceConfig};
 
-/// Generate environment variables from the given service configurations to be used by future
-/// RiseDev commands, like `risedev ctl` or `risedev psql`.
+/// Generate environment variables (put in file `.risingwave/config/risedev-env`)
+/// from the given service configurations to be used by future
+/// RiseDev commands, like `risedev ctl` or `risedev psql` ().
 pub fn generate_risedev_env(services: &Vec<ServiceConfig>) -> String {
     let mut env = String::new();
     for item in services {

From 0126304d03810ef02a7de049984a2336235e9107 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 15:49:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 197/430] feat(expr): expression node level non-strict
 evaluation (#12461)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   3 +
 e2e_test/streaming/non_strict_mode.slt        |  66 +++---
 src/expr/core/Cargo.toml                      |   1 +
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs            |   2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs               | 200 ++++++++++++++----
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs           |  20 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs       |  23 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs          |  24 +--
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs             |  22 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs      |  34 +--
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs        |  35 ++-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs       |  19 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs            |  15 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs          |  25 +--
 src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs                 |  70 ++----
 src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs               |   6 +
 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs         |   2 +
 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs  | 133 ++++++++++++
 src/expr/core/src/lib.rs                      |   1 +
 .../core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs   |   3 +-
 src/prost/Cargo.toml                          |   1 +
 src/prost/build.rs                            |   5 +-
 src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs      |   2 +-
 src/stream/clippy.toml                        |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs              |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs    |   9 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs     |  39 ++--
 src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs             |  11 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          |  25 +--
 src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs         |  28 +--
 src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs                |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project.rs            |  17 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs        |  11 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs         |   3 +-
 .../src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs      |  13 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs      |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/values.rs             |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs   |  25 +--
 src/stream/src/from_proto/filter.rs           |   5 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs        |  17 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hop_window.rs       |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/project.rs          |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs    |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/values.rs           |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs |   5 +-
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs         |  35 ++-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   1 +
 48 files changed, 632 insertions(+), 374 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9adcc73030e31..ef9b6a4869310 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7009,6 +7009,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
  "async-trait",
+ "auto_impl",
  "await-tree",
  "cfg-or-panic",
  "chrono",
@@ -7360,6 +7361,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prost",
  "prost-helpers",
  "serde",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
  "walkdir",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
@@ -10384,6 +10386,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sqlx-mysql",
  "sqlx-postgres",
  "sqlx-sqlite",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
  "subtle",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "syn 2.0.37",
diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/non_strict_mode.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/non_strict_mode.slt
index 3c026d3232aff..3dc62ac27eec8 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/non_strict_mode.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/non_strict_mode.slt
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Test compute errors are replaced with NULLs.
 # See also <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/4625>
+#
+# UPDATE: after <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/pull/12461>, the non-strict
+#         NULL padding is applied for each expression node instead of the root node only.
 
 statement ok
 create table t(x int);
@@ -8,46 +11,37 @@ statement ok
 insert into t values (0),(1),(2),(NULL);
 
 statement ok
-create materialized view mv_proj as select 10/x as v from t;
+create materialized view mv_proj as select x, 10/x as v from t;
 
 statement ok
-create materialized view mv_proj_is_null as select 10/x is null as v from t;
+create materialized view mv_proj_is_null as select x, 10/x is null as v from t;
 
-query I rowsort
-select * from mv_proj;
+query I
+select * from mv_proj order by x;
 ----
-10
-5
-NULL
-NULL
-
-# result for 0 is NULL, instead of true
-query B rowsort
-select * from mv_proj_is_null;
+0 NULL
+1 10
+2 5
+NULL NULL
+
+# 10/0 fails, which is replaced with NULL, then NULL `is null`
+query T
+select * from mv_proj_is_null order by x;
 ----
-NULL
-f
-f
-t
+0 t
+1 f
+2 f
+NULL t
 
 statement ok
 create materialized view mv_filter as select * from t where 10/x > 0;
 
-statement ok
-create materialized view mv_filter_is_null as select * from t where 10/x > 0 is null;
-
 query I rowsort
 select * from mv_filter;
 ----
 1
 2
 
-# result for 0 is not included
-query I rowsort
-select * from mv_filter_is_null;
-----
-NULL
-
 statement ok
 drop materialized view mv_proj;
 
@@ -58,7 +52,27 @@ statement ok
 drop materialized view mv_filter;
 
 statement ok
-drop materialized view mv_filter_is_null;
+drop table t;
+
+statement ok
+create table t(x varchar);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values ('two'), ('4');
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv_coalesce as select coalesce(x::int, 0) as v from t;
+
+# convert 'two' to int fails, which is replaced with NULL, then coalesced to 0
+# https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/11586
+query I rowsort
+select * from mv_coalesce;
+----
+0
+4
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv_coalesce;
 
 statement ok
 drop table t;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
index 497a8bbbb0911..ada9a3639525c 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/expr/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ anyhow = "1"
 arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
+auto_impl = "1"
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
 cfg-or-panic = "0.2"
 chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index 372cb808d0d1d..a89c1413efd81 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl AggCall {
             })
             .collect();
         let filter = match agg_call.filter {
-            Some(ref pb_filter) => Some(build_from_prost(pb_filter)?.into()),
+            Some(ref pb_filter) => Some(build_from_prost(pb_filter)?.into()), /* TODO: non-strict filter in streaming */
             None => None,
         };
         let direct_args = agg_call
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
index 63137b410a08a..f6f08689aa5f2 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -27,57 +27,160 @@ use super::expr_in::InExpression;
 use super::expr_some_all::SomeAllExpression;
 use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
-use super::wrapper::Checked;
-use crate::expr::{
-    BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression, TryFromExprNodeBoxed,
-};
+use super::wrapper::{Checked, EvalErrorReport, NonStrict};
+use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
 use crate::sig::func::FUNC_SIG_MAP;
 use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Build an expression from protobuf.
-fn build_from_prost_inner(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    use PbType as E;
-
-    let func_call = match prost.get_rex_node()? {
-        RexNode::InputRef(_) => return InputRefExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        RexNode::Constant(_) => return LiteralExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        RexNode::Udf(_) => return UdfExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        RexNode::FuncCall(func_call) => func_call,
-        RexNode::Now(_) => unreachable!("now should not be built at backend"),
-    };
-
-    let func_type = prost.function_type();
-
-    match func_type {
-        // Dedicated types
-        E::All | E::Some => SomeAllExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::In => InExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Case => CaseExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Coalesce => CoalesceExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Field => FieldExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-        E::Vnode => VnodeExpression::try_from_boxed(prost),
-
-        _ => {
-            let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
-            let children = func_call
-                .get_children()
-                .iter()
-                .map(build_from_prost)
-                .try_collect()?;
-
-            build_func(func_type, ret_type, children)
+pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    ExprBuilder::new_strict().build(prost)
+}
+
+/// Build an expression from protobuf in non-strict mode.
+pub fn build_non_strict_from_prost(
+    prost: &ExprNode,
+    error_report: impl EvalErrorReport + 'static,
+) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report).build(prost)
+}
+
+/// Build an expression from protobuf with possibly some wrappers attached to each node.
+struct ExprBuilder<R> {
+    /// The error reporting for non-strict mode.
+    ///
+    /// If set, each expression node will be wrapped with a [`NonStrict`] node that reports
+    /// errors to this error reporting.
+    error_report: Option<R>,
+}
+
+impl ExprBuilder<!> {
+    /// Create a new builder in strict mode.
+    fn new_strict() -> Self {
+        Self { error_report: None }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R> ExprBuilder<R>
+where
+    R: EvalErrorReport + 'static,
+{
+    /// Create a new builder in non-strict mode with the given error reporting.
+    fn new_non_strict(error_report: R) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            error_report: Some(error_report),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Attach wrappers to an expression.
+    #[expect(clippy::let_and_return)]
+    fn wrap(&self, expr: impl Expression + 'static) -> BoxedExpression {
+        let checked = Checked(expr);
+
+        let may_non_strict = if let Some(error_report) = &self.error_report {
+            NonStrict::new(checked, error_report.clone()).boxed()
+        } else {
+            checked.boxed()
+        };
+
+        may_non_strict
+    }
+
+    /// Build an expression with `build_inner` and attach some wrappers.
+    fn build(&self, prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+        let expr = self.build_inner(prost)?;
+        Ok(self.wrap(expr))
+    }
+
+    /// Build an expression from protobuf.
+    fn build_inner(&self, prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+        use PbType as E;
+
+        let build_child = |prost: &'_ ExprNode| self.build(prost);
+
+        match prost.get_rex_node()? {
+            RexNode::InputRef(_) => InputRefExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+            RexNode::Constant(_) => LiteralExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+            RexNode::Udf(_) => UdfExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+
+            RexNode::FuncCall(_) => match prost.function_type() {
+                // Dedicated types
+                E::All | E::Some => SomeAllExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+                E::In => InExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+                E::Case => CaseExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+                E::Coalesce => CoalesceExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+                E::Field => FieldExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+                E::Vnode => VnodeExpression::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+
+                // General types, lookup in the function signature map
+                _ => FuncCallBuilder::build_boxed(prost, build_child),
+            },
+
+            RexNode::Now(_) => unreachable!("now should not be built at backend"),
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Build an expression from protobuf with wrappers.
-pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    let expr = build_from_prost_inner(prost)?;
+/// Manually build the expression `Self` from protobuf.
+pub(crate) trait Build: Expression + Sized {
+    /// Build the expression `Self` from protobuf.
+    ///
+    /// To build children, call `build_child` on each child instead of [`build_from_prost`].
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self>;
+
+    /// Build the expression `Self` from protobuf for test, where each child is built with
+    /// [`build_from_prost`].
+    fn build_for_test(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::build(prost, build_from_prost)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Manually build a boxed expression from protobuf.
+pub(crate) trait BuildBoxed: 'static {
+    /// Build a boxed expression from protobuf.
+    fn build_boxed(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<BoxedExpression>;
+}
+
+/// Implement [`BuildBoxed`] for all expressions that implement [`Build`].
+impl<E: Build + 'static> BuildBoxed for E {
+    fn build_boxed(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+        Self::build(prost, build_child).map(Expression::boxed)
+    }
+}
 
-    let checked = Checked(expr);
+/// Build a function call expression from protobuf with [`build_func`].
+struct FuncCallBuilder;
 
-    Ok(checked.boxed())
+impl BuildBoxed for FuncCallBuilder {
+    fn build_boxed(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+        let func_type = prost.function_type();
+        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
+        let func_call = prost
+            .get_rex_node()?
+            .as_func_call()
+            .expect("not a func call");
+
+        let children = func_call
+            .get_children()
+            .iter()
+            .map(build_child)
+            .try_collect()?;
+
+        build_func(func_type, ret_type, children)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Build an expression in `FuncCall` variant.
@@ -111,9 +214,26 @@ pub fn build_func(
                 }
             ))
         })?;
+
     (desc.build)(ret_type, children)
 }
 
+/// Build an expression in `FuncCall` variant in non-strict mode.
+///
+/// Note: This is a workaround, and only the root node are wrappedin non-strict mode.
+/// Prefer [`build_non_strict_from_prost`] if possible.
+pub fn build_func_non_strict(
+    func: PbType,
+    ret_type: DataType,
+    children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    error_report: impl EvalErrorReport + 'static,
+) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+    let expr = build_func(func, ret_type, children)?;
+    let wrapped = ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report).wrap(expr);
+
+    Ok(wrapped)
+}
+
 pub(super) fn get_children_and_return_type(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<(&[ExprNode], DataType)> {
     let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
     if let RexNode::FuncCall(func_call) = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap() {
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
index 8dacaf70672f8..49f11298d3e04 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_case.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{PbType, RexNode};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use super::Build;
+use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
+use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct WhenClause {
@@ -107,10 +108,11 @@ impl Expression for CaseExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CaseExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for CaseExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == PbType::Case);
 
         let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CaseExpression {
         // children: (when, then)+, (else_clause)?
         let len = children.len();
         let else_clause = if len % 2 == 1 {
-            let else_clause = build_from_prost(&children[len - 1])?;
+            let else_clause = build_child(&children[len - 1])?;
             if else_clause.return_type() != ret_type {
                 bail!("Type mismatched between else and case.");
             }
@@ -133,8 +135,8 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CaseExpression {
         for i in 0..len / 2 {
             let when_index = i * 2;
             let then_index = i * 2 + 1;
-            let when_expr = build_from_prost(&children[when_index])?;
-            let then_expr = build_from_prost(&children[then_index])?;
+            let when_expr = build_child(&children[when_index])?;
+            let then_expr = build_child(&children[then_index])?;
             if when_expr.return_type() != DataType::Boolean {
                 bail!("Type mismatched between when clause and condition");
             }
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
index ca08f18486b66..71c7392c7ec37 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_coalesce.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::ops::BitAnd;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -22,8 +21,9 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
+use super::Build;
+use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
+use crate::{bail, ensure, Result};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CoalesceExpression {
@@ -85,10 +85,11 @@ impl CoalesceExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CoalesceExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for CoalesceExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::Coalesce);
 
         let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for CoalesceExpression {
             .children
             .to_vec()
             .iter()
-            .map(expr_build_from_prost)
+            .map(build_child)
             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
         Ok(CoalesceExpression::new(ret_type, children))
     }
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use crate::expr::expr_coalesce::CoalesceExpression;
     use crate::expr::test_utils::make_input_ref;
-    use crate::expr::Expression;
+    use crate::expr::{Build, Expression};
 
     pub fn make_coalesce_function(children: Vec<ExprNode>, ret: TypeName) -> ExprNode {
         ExprNode {
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ mod tests {
              . . .",
         );
 
-        let nullif_expr = CoalesceExpression::try_from(&make_coalesce_function(
+        let nullif_expr = CoalesceExpression::build_for_test(&make_coalesce_function(
             vec![input_node1, input_node2, input_node3],
             TypeName::Int32,
         ))
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_node2 = make_input_ref(1, TypeName::Int32);
         let input_node3 = make_input_ref(2, TypeName::Int32);
 
-        let nullif_expr = CoalesceExpression::try_from(&make_coalesce_function(
+        let nullif_expr = CoalesceExpression::build_for_test(&make_coalesce_function(
             vec![input_node1, input_node2, input_node3],
             TypeName::Int32,
         ))
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
index b3c5e4f171760..eb4183edd2f57 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
@@ -22,8 +20,9 @@ use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
+use super::Build;
+use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
+use crate::{bail, ensure, Result};
 
 /// `FieldExpression` access a field from a struct.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -70,10 +69,11 @@ impl FieldExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for FieldExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for FieldExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::Field);
 
         let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for FieldExpression {
         // Field `func_call_node` have 2 child nodes, the first is Field `FuncCall` or
         // `InputRef`, the second is i32 `Literal`.
         let [first, second]: [_; 2] = children.try_into().unwrap();
-        let input = expr_build_from_prost(&first)?;
+        let input = build_child(&first)?;
         let RexNode::Constant(value) = second.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
             bail!("Expected Constant as 1st argument");
         };
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ mod tests {
 
     use crate::expr::expr_field::FieldExpression;
     use crate::expr::test_utils::{make_field_function, make_i32_literal, make_input_ref};
-    use crate::expr::Expression;
+    use crate::expr::{Build, Expression};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_field_expr() {
         let input_node = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Struct);
         let literal_node = make_i32_literal(0);
-        let field_expr = FieldExpression::try_from(&make_field_function(
+        let field_expr = FieldExpression::build_for_test(&make_field_function(
             vec![input_node, literal_node],
             TypeName::Int32,
         ))
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ mod tests {
             vec![make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Struct), make_i32_literal(0)],
             TypeName::Int32,
         );
-        let field_expr = FieldExpression::try_from(&make_field_function(
+        let field_expr = FieldExpression::build_for_test(&make_field_function(
             vec![field_node, make_i32_literal(1)],
             TypeName::Int32,
         ))
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
index 44ec69d718364..f599bd4a64e42 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use crate::expr::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use super::Build;
+use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression};
+use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct InExpression {
@@ -94,10 +95,11 @@ impl Expression for InExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for InExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for InExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::In);
 
         let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
@@ -106,13 +108,13 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for InExpression {
         };
         let children = &func_call_node.children;
 
-        let left_expr = build_from_prost(&children[0])?;
+        let left_expr = build_child(&children[0])?;
         let mut data = Vec::new();
         // Used for const expression below to generate datum.
         // Frontend has made sure these can all be folded to constants.
         let data_chunk = DataChunk::new_dummy(1);
         for child in &children[1..] {
-            let const_expr = build_from_prost(child)?;
+            let const_expr = build_child(child)?;
             let array = const_expr
                 .eval(&data_chunk)
                 .now_or_never()
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
 
     use crate::expr::expr_in::InExpression;
-    use crate::expr::{Expression, InputRefExpression};
+    use crate::expr::{Build, Expression, InputRefExpression};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_in_expr() {
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ mod tests {
             }),
             rex_node: Some(RexNode::FuncCall(call)),
         };
-        assert!(InExpression::try_from(&p).is_ok());
+        assert!(InExpression::build_for_test(&p).is_ok());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
index a511da81226dd..8e8ac4364ba64 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_input_ref.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::ops::Index;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
@@ -20,8 +19,9 @@ use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
+use super::{BoxedExpression, Build};
 use crate::expr::Expression;
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use crate::Result;
 
 /// A reference to a column in input relation.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ impl InputRefExpression {
         InputRefExpression { return_type, idx }
     }
 
+    /// Create an [`InputRefExpression`] from a protobuf expression.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the protobuf expression is not an input reference.
+    pub fn from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Self {
+        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
+        let input_col_idx = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_input_ref().unwrap();
+
+        Self {
+            return_type: ret_type,
+            idx: *input_col_idx as _,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
         self.idx
     }
@@ -60,17 +73,12 @@ impl InputRefExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for InputRefExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
-        let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
-        let input_col_idx = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_input_ref().unwrap();
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            return_type: ret_type,
-            idx: *input_col_idx as _,
-        })
+impl Build for InputRefExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        _build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self::from_prost(prost))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
index 1f576b01ab9a5..4009fc346cc41 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
@@ -12,15 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{literal_type_match, DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use super::ValueImpl;
+use super::{Build, ValueImpl};
 use crate::expr::Expression;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
@@ -67,10 +65,11 @@ impl LiteralExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for LiteralExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for LiteralExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        _build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<super::BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let ret_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
 
         let prost_value = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_constant().unwrap();
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ mod tests {
             }),
             rex_node: Some(Constant(PbDatum { body })),
         };
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&expr).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&expr).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(value.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
     }
 
@@ -142,62 +141,62 @@ mod tests {
         let t = TypeName::Boolean;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
 
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 1i16;
         let t = TypeName::Int16;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
 
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 1i32;
         let t = TypeName::Int32;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 1i64;
         let t = TypeName::Int64;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 1f32.into_ordered();
         let t = TypeName::Float;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 1f64.into_ordered();
         let t = TypeName::Double;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = None;
         let t = TypeName::Float;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Datum::None);
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v, expr.literal());
 
         let v: Box<str> = "varchar".into();
         let t = TypeName::Varchar;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.clone().to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(3141, 3);
         let t = TypeName::Decimal;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(v.to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(v.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
 
         let v = 32i32;
         let t = TypeName::Interval;
         let bytes = serialize_datum(Some(Interval::from_month(v).to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
-        let expr = LiteralExpression::try_from(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
+        let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&make_expression(bytes, t)).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Interval::from_month(v).to_scalar_value(),
             expr.literal().unwrap()
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
index fc284d4679e72..8978824bef0bc 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_some_all.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
 
 use super::build::get_children_and_return_type;
-use super::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression, Expression};
-use crate::{ExprError, Result};
+use super::{BoxedExpression, Build, Expression};
+use crate::Result;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct SomeAllExpression {
@@ -202,10 +202,11 @@ impl Expression for SomeAllExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for SomeAllExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for SomeAllExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let outer_expr_type = prost.get_function_type().unwrap();
         let (outer_children, outer_return_type) = get_children_and_return_type(prost)?;
         ensure!(matches!(outer_return_type, DataType::Boolean));
@@ -220,8 +221,8 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for SomeAllExpression {
             (inner_children, inner_return_type) = get_children_and_return_type(&inner_children[0])?;
         }
 
-        let left_expr = build_from_prost(&inner_children[0])?;
-        let right_expr = build_from_prost(&inner_children[1])?;
+        let left_expr = build_child(&inner_children[0])?;
+        let right_expr = build_child(&inner_children[1])?;
 
         let DataType::List(right_expr_return_type) = right_expr.return_type() else {
             bail!("Expect Array Type");
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for SomeAllExpression {
                     })),
                 }
             }
-            build_from_prost(&root_expr_node)?
+            build_child(&root_expr_node)?
         };
 
         Ok(SomeAllExpression::new(
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 3d70b21f866f1..54c49317b748f 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 use risingwave_udf::ArrowFlightUdfClient;
 
-use super::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
+use super::{BoxedExpression, Build};
 use crate::expr::Expression;
-use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
+use crate::{bail, Result};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct UdfExpression {
@@ -115,10 +115,11 @@ impl UdfExpression {
 }
 
 #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for UdfExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for UdfExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let return_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
         let udf = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_udf().unwrap();
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for UdfExpression {
         let client = get_or_create_client(&udf.link)?;
 
         Ok(Self {
-            children: udf.children.iter().map(build_from_prost).try_collect()?,
+            children: udf.children.iter().map(build_child).try_collect()?,
             arg_types: udf.arg_types.iter().map(|t| t.into()).collect(),
             return_type,
             arg_schema,
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
index 75b029a592d77..200c1a2f03fa9 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_vnode.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
-use super::Expression;
+use super::{BoxedExpression, Build, Expression};
 use crate::expr::InputRefExpression;
-use crate::{bail, ensure, ExprError, Result};
+use crate::{bail, ensure, Result};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct VnodeExpression {
@@ -36,10 +36,11 @@ impl VnodeExpression {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for VnodeExpression {
-    type Error = ExprError;
-
-    fn try_from(prost: &'a ExprNode) -> Result<Self> {
+impl Build for VnodeExpression {
+    fn build(
+        prost: &ExprNode,
+        _build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         ensure!(prost.get_function_type().unwrap() == Type::Vnode);
         ensure!(DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap()) == DataType::Int16);
 
@@ -50,9 +51,9 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a ExprNode> for VnodeExpression {
         let dist_key_input_refs = func_call_node
             .get_children()
             .iter()
-            .map(InputRefExpression::try_from)
-            .map(|res| res.map(|input| input.index()))
-            .try_collect()?;
+            .map(InputRefExpression::from_prost)
+            .map(|input| input.index())
+            .collect();
 
         Ok(VnodeExpression::new(dist_key_input_refs))
     }
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::VnodeExpression;
     use crate::expr::test_utils::make_input_ref;
-    use crate::expr::Expression;
+    use crate::expr::{Build, Expression};
 
     pub fn make_vnode_function(children: Vec<ExprNode>) -> ExprNode {
         ExprNode {
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_node1 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Int32);
         let input_node2 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Int64);
         let input_node3 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let vnode_expr = VnodeExpression::try_from(&make_vnode_function(vec![
+        let vnode_expr = VnodeExpression::build_for_test(&make_vnode_function(vec![
             input_node1,
             input_node2,
             input_node3,
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ mod tests {
         let input_node1 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Int32);
         let input_node2 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Int64);
         let input_node3 = make_input_ref(0, TypeName::Varchar);
-        let vnode_expr = VnodeExpression::try_from(&make_vnode_function(vec![
+        let vnode_expr = VnodeExpression::build_for_test(&make_vnode_function(vec![
             input_node1,
             input_node2,
             input_node3,
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
index 617b2ed3add63..37e0104371a3e 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -49,19 +49,16 @@ mod build;
 pub mod test_utils;
 mod value;
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 use futures_util::TryFutureExt;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
-use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
+use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::PbExprNode;
-use static_assertions::const_assert;
 
 pub use self::build::*;
 pub use self::expr_input_ref::InputRefExpression;
 pub use self::expr_literal::LiteralExpression;
 pub use self::value::{ValueImpl, ValueRef};
+pub use self::wrapper::EvalErrorReport;
 pub use super::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Interface of an expression.
@@ -114,50 +111,21 @@ pub trait Expression: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     }
 }
 
-/// Extension trait to convert the protobuf representation to a boxed [`Expression`], with a
-/// concrete expression type.
-#[easy_ext::ext(TryFromExprNodeBoxed)]
-impl<'a, T> T
-where
-    T: TryFrom<&'a PbExprNode, Error = ExprError> + Expression + 'static,
-{
-    /// Performs the conversion.
-    fn try_from_boxed(expr: &'a PbExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-        T::try_from(expr).map(|e| e.boxed())
-    }
-}
-
+// TODO: make this an extension, or implement it on a `NonStrict` newtype.
 impl dyn Expression {
-    pub async fn eval_infallible(&self, input: &DataChunk, on_err: impl Fn(ExprError)) -> ArrayRef {
-        const_assert!(!STRICT_MODE);
-
-        if let Ok(array) = self.eval(input).await {
-            return array;
-        }
-
-        // When eval failed, recompute in row-based execution
-        // and pad with NULL for each failed row.
-        let mut array_builder = self.return_type().create_array_builder(input.cardinality());
-        for row in input.rows_with_holes() {
-            if let Some(row) = row {
-                let datum = self
-                    .eval_row_infallible(&row.into_owned_row(), &on_err)
-                    .await;
-                array_builder.append(&datum);
-            } else {
-                array_builder.append_null();
-            }
-        }
-        Arc::new(array_builder.finish())
+    /// Evaluate the expression in vectorized execution and assert it succeeds. Returns an array.
+    ///
+    /// Use with expressions built in non-strict mode.
+    pub async fn eval_infallible(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> ArrayRef {
+        self.eval(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
     }
 
-    pub async fn eval_row_infallible(&self, input: &OwnedRow, on_err: impl Fn(ExprError)) -> Datum {
-        const_assert!(!STRICT_MODE);
-
-        self.eval_row(input).await.unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-            on_err(err);
-            None
-        })
+    /// Evaluate the expression in row-based execution and assert it succeeds. Returns a nullable
+    /// scalar.
+    ///
+    /// Use with expressions built in non-strict mode.
+    pub async fn eval_row_infallible(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Datum {
+        self.eval_row(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
     }
 }
 
@@ -192,16 +160,6 @@ impl Expression for BoxedExpression {
     }
 }
 
-/// Controls the behavior when a compute error happens.
-///
-/// - If set to `false`, `NULL` will be inserted.
-/// - TODO: If set to `true`, The MV will be suspended and removed from further checkpoints. It can
-///   still be used to serve outdated data without corruption.
-///
-/// See also <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/4625>.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-const STRICT_MODE: bool = false;
-
 /// An optional context that can be used in a function.
 ///
 /// # Example
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs
index 6321de9d1556b..e9b95aaec0dfa 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/value.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ pub enum ValueImpl {
     Scalar { value: Datum, capacity: usize },
 }
 
+impl From<ArrayRef> for ValueImpl {
+    fn from(value: ArrayRef) -> Self {
+        Self::Array(value)
+    }
+}
+
 impl ValueImpl {
     /// Number of scalars in this value.
     #[inline]
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
index 111a5bdf0ceca..48241d05de45c 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
@@ -13,5 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 mod checked;
+mod non_strict;
 
 pub use checked::Checked;
+pub use non_strict::{EvalErrorReport, NonStrict};
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0859cea27aa49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use auto_impl::auto_impl;
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
+use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::expr::{Expression, ValueImpl};
+use crate::ExprError;
+
+/// Report an error during evaluation.
+#[auto_impl(Arc)]
+pub trait EvalErrorReport: Clone + Send + Sync {
+    /// Perform the error reporting.
+    ///
+    /// Called when an error occurs during row-level evaluation of a non-strict expression,
+    /// that is, wrapped by [`NonStrict`].
+    fn report(&self, error: ExprError);
+}
+
+/// A dummy implementation that panics when called.
+///
+/// Used as the type parameter for the expression builder when non-strict evaluation is not
+/// required.
+impl EvalErrorReport for ! {
+    fn report(&self, _error: ExprError) {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A wrapper of [`Expression`] that evaluates in a non-strict way. Basically...
+/// - When an error occurs during chunk-level evaluation, recompute in row-based execution and pad
+///   with NULL for each failed row.
+/// - Report all error occurred during row-level evaluation to the [`EvalErrorReport`].
+pub struct NonStrict<E, R> {
+    inner: E,
+    report: R,
+}
+
+impl<E, R> std::fmt::Debug for NonStrict<E, R>
+where
+    E: std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("NonStrict")
+            .field("inner", &self.inner)
+            .field("report", &std::any::type_name::<R>())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E, R> NonStrict<E, R>
+where
+    E: Expression,
+    R: EvalErrorReport,
+{
+    pub fn new(inner: E, report: R) -> Self {
+        Self { inner, report }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate expression in row-based execution with `eval_row_infallible`.
+    async fn eval_chunk_infallible_by_row(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> ArrayRef {
+        let mut array_builder = self.return_type().create_array_builder(input.capacity());
+        for row in input.rows_with_holes() {
+            if let Some(row) = row {
+                let datum = self.eval_row_infallible(&row.into_owned_row()).await; // TODO: use `Row` trait
+                array_builder.append(&datum);
+            } else {
+                array_builder.append_null();
+            }
+        }
+        array_builder.finish().into()
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate expression on a single row, report error and return NULL if failed.
+    async fn eval_row_infallible(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Datum {
+        match self.inner.eval_row(input).await {
+            Ok(datum) => datum,
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.report.report(error);
+                None // NULL
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: avoid the overhead of extra boxing.
+#[async_trait]
+impl<E, R> Expression for NonStrict<E, R>
+where
+    E: Expression,
+    R: EvalErrorReport,
+{
+    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        self.inner.return_type()
+    }
+
+    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
+        Ok(match self.inner.eval(input).await {
+            Ok(array) => array,
+            Err(_e) => self.eval_chunk_infallible_by_row(input).await,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_v2(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ValueImpl> {
+        Ok(match self.inner.eval_v2(input).await {
+            Ok(value) => value,
+            Err(_e) => self.eval_chunk_infallible_by_row(input).await.into(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
+        Ok(self.eval_row_infallible(input).await)
+    }
+
+    fn eval_const(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
+        self.inner.eval_const() // do not handle error
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
index 625c65ccbc516..32b538ed084eb 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(generators)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
+#![feature(never_type)]
 
 extern crate self as risingwave_expr;
 
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 0dc1d876c031a..60fde34f9df1f 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
             let output = DataChunk::try_from(&res?)?;
             self.check_output(&output)?;
 
-            // we send the compacted input to UDF, so we need to map the row indices back to the original input
+            // we send the compacted input to UDF, so we need to map the row indices back to the
+            // original input
             let origin_indices = output
                 .column_at(0)
                 .as_int32()
diff --git a/src/prost/Cargo.toml b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
index dc6375662f806..0ee56c883bd71 100644
--- a/src/prost/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pbjson = "0.6"
 prost = "0.11"
 prost-helpers = { path = "helpers" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+strum = "0.25"
 tonic = { workspace = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
diff --git a/src/prost/build.rs b/src/prost/build.rs
index 172f9c0731a6d..71e813796e504 100644
--- a/src/prost/build.rs
+++ b/src/prost/build.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         .compile_well_known_types(true)
         .protoc_arg("--experimental_allow_proto3_optional")
         .type_attribute(".", "#[derive(prost_helpers::AnyPB)]")
-        .type_attribute("node_body", "#[derive(::enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner)]")
+        .type_attribute(
+            "node_body",
+            "#[derive(::enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner, ::strum::Display)]",
+        )
         .type_attribute("rex_node", "#[derive(::enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner)]")
         .type_attribute(
             "meta.PausedReason",
diff --git a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
index 43156500f3f7c..96ff78b9aa69e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl ValueRowSerdeNew for ColumnAwareSerde {
                         i,
                         build_from_prost(&expr.expect("expr should not be none"))
                             .expect("build_from_prost error")
-                            .eval_row_infallible(&OwnedRow::empty(), |_err| {})
+                            .eval_row_infallible(&OwnedRow::empty())
                             .now_or_never()
                             .expect("constant expression should not be async"),
                     ))
diff --git a/src/stream/clippy.toml b/src/stream/clippy.toml
index 6f4d9099676af..a6969d5bd607b 100644
--- a/src/stream/clippy.toml
+++ b/src/stream/clippy.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 disallowed-methods = [
     { path = "std::iter::Iterator::zip", reason = "Please use Itertools::zip_eq instead." },
-    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval", reason = "Please use InfallibleExpression::eval_infallible instead." },
-    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval_row", reason = "Please use InfallibleExpression::eval_row_infallible instead." },
+
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost", reason = "Expressions in streaming must be in non-strict mode. Please use `build_non_strict_from_prost` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::build_func", reason = "Expressions in streaming must be in non-strict mode. Please use `build_func_non_strict` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval", reason = "Please use `Expression::eval_infallible` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval_row", reason = "Please use `Expression::eval_row_infallible` instead." },
 
     { path = "risingwave_common::error::internal_err", reason = "Please use per-crate error type instead." },
     { path = "risingwave_common::error::internal_error", reason = "Please use per-crate error type instead." },
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
index 17f874acb0fc6..7a3c951292086 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@ impl ActorContext {
     }
 
     pub fn on_compute_error(&self, err: ExprError, identity: &str) {
-        tracing::error!("Compute error: {}, executor: {identity}", err);
+        tracing::error!(identity, %err, "failed to evaluate expression");
+
         let executor_name = identity.split(' ').next().unwrap_or("name_not_found");
         let mut err_str = err.to_string();
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index 3ceb8742a5e8f..dd0ce9d01c544 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
-use super::ActorContextRef;
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorResult;
 use crate::executor::Executor;
@@ -60,8 +59,6 @@ pub fn generate_agg_schema(
 }
 
 pub async fn agg_call_filter_res(
-    ctx: &ActorContextRef,
-    identity: &str,
     agg_call: &AggCall,
     chunk: &DataChunk,
 ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Bitmap> {
@@ -77,11 +74,7 @@ pub async fn agg_call_filter_res(
     }
 
     if let Some(ref filter) = agg_call.filter {
-        if let Bool(filter_res) = filter
-            .eval_infallible(chunk, |err| ctx.on_compute_error(err, identity))
-            .await
-            .as_ref()
-        {
+        if let Bool(filter_res) = filter.eval_infallible(chunk).await.as_ref() {
             vis &= filter_res.to_bitmap();
         } else {
             bail!("Filter can only receive bool array");
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
index 6d95b52d9e548..d70134922c20e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
 use risingwave_common::row::{once, OwnedRow as RowData, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl, ToDatumRef, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_func, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{
+    build_func_non_strict, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type as ExprNodeType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::{
     GreaterThan, GreaterThanOrEqual, LessThan, LessThanOrEqual,
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ use super::{
 use crate::common::table::state_table::{StateTable, WatermarkCacheParameterizedStateTable};
 use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 use crate::executor::expect_first_barrier_from_aligned_stream;
+use crate::task::ActorEvalErrorReport;
 
 pub struct DynamicFilterExecutor<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> {
     ctx: ActorContextRef,
@@ -101,10 +104,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
         let mut last_res = false;
 
         let eval_results = if let Some(cond) = condition {
-            Some(
-                cond.eval_infallible(chunk, |err| self.ctx.on_compute_error(err, &self.identity))
-                    .await,
-            )
+            Some(cond.eval_infallible(chunk).await)
         } else {
             None
         };
@@ -258,17 +258,24 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
         let r_data_type = input_r.schema().data_types()[0].clone();
         // The types are aligned by frontend.
         assert_eq!(l_data_type, r_data_type);
-        let dynamic_cond = move |literal: Datum| {
-            literal.map(|scalar| {
-                build_func(
-                    self.comparator,
-                    DataType::Boolean,
-                    vec![
-                        Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(l_data_type.clone(), self.key_l)),
-                        Box::new(LiteralExpression::new(r_data_type.clone(), Some(scalar))),
-                    ],
-                )
-            })
+        let dynamic_cond = {
+            let eval_error_report = ActorEvalErrorReport {
+                actor_context: self.ctx.clone(),
+                identity: self.identity.as_str().into(),
+            };
+            move |literal: Datum| {
+                literal.map(|scalar| {
+                    build_func_non_strict(
+                        self.comparator,
+                        DataType::Boolean,
+                        vec![
+                            Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(l_data_type.clone(), self.key_l)),
+                            Box::new(LiteralExpression::new(r_data_type.clone(), Some(scalar))),
+                        ],
+                        eval_error_report.clone(),
+                    )
+                })
+            }
         };
 
         let aligned_stream = barrier_align(
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
index ccdf9729c48d3..ef593f8734284 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use super::*;
 /// `FilterExecutor` will insert, delete or update element into next executor according
 /// to the result of the expression.
 pub struct FilterExecutor {
-    ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    _ctx: ActorContextRef,
     info: ExecutorInfo,
     input: BoxedExecutor,
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl FilterExecutor {
     ) -> Self {
         let input_info = input.info();
         Self {
-            ctx,
+            _ctx: ctx,
             input,
             info: ExecutorInfo {
                 schema: input_info.schema,
@@ -170,12 +170,7 @@ impl FilterExecutor {
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                     let chunk = chunk.compact();
 
-                    let pred_output = self
-                        .expr
-                        .eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk(), |err| {
-                            self.ctx.on_compute_error(err, &self.info.identity)
-                        })
-                        .await;
+                    let pred_output = self.expr.eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk()).await;
 
                     match Self::filter(chunk, pred_output)? {
                         Some(new_chunk) => yield Message::Chunk(new_chunk),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 5415322acc269..e338341156091 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -347,8 +347,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         // Calculate the row visibility for every agg call.
         let mut call_visibilities = Vec::with_capacity(this.agg_calls.len());
         for agg_call in &this.agg_calls {
-            let agg_call_filter_res =
-                agg_call_filter_res(&this.actor_ctx, &this.info.identity, agg_call, &chunk).await?;
+            let agg_call_filter_res = agg_call_filter_res(agg_call, &chunk).await?;
             call_visibilities.push(agg_call_filter_res);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index a5a39723c9319..8c1998811c159 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -310,7 +310,6 @@ struct HashJoinChunkBuilder<const T: JoinTypePrimitive, const SIDE: SideTypePrim
 
 struct EqJoinArgs<'a, K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     ctx: &'a ActorContextRef,
-    identity: &'a str,
     side_l: &'a mut JoinSide<K, S>,
     side_r: &'a mut JoinSide<K, S>,
     actual_output_data_types: &'a [DataType],
@@ -745,7 +744,6 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     #[for_await]
                     for chunk in Self::eq_join_left(EqJoinArgs {
                         ctx: &self.ctx,
-                        identity: &self.identity,
                         side_l: &mut self.side_l,
                         side_r: &mut self.side_r,
                         actual_output_data_types: &self.actual_output_data_types,
@@ -772,7 +770,6 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     #[for_await]
                     for chunk in Self::eq_join_right(EqJoinArgs {
                         ctx: &self.ctx,
-                        identity: &self.identity,
                         side_l: &mut self.side_l,
                         side_r: &mut self.side_r,
                         actual_output_data_types: &self.actual_output_data_types,
@@ -990,7 +987,6 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
     async fn eq_join_oneside<const SIDE: SideTypePrimitive>(args: EqJoinArgs<'_, K, S>) {
         let EqJoinArgs {
             ctx,
-            identity,
             side_l,
             side_r,
             actual_output_data_types,
@@ -1000,6 +996,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
             append_only_optimize,
             chunk_size,
             cnt_rows_received,
+            ..
         } = args;
 
         let (side_update, side_match) = if SIDE == SideType::Left {
@@ -1080,12 +1077,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                                     side_match.start_pos,
                                 );
 
-                                cond.eval_row_infallible(&new_row, |err| {
-                                    ctx.on_compute_error(err, identity)
-                                })
-                                .await
-                                .map(|s| *s.as_bool())
-                                .unwrap_or(false)
+                                cond.eval_row_infallible(&new_row)
+                                    .await
+                                    .map(|s| *s.as_bool())
+                                    .unwrap_or(false)
                             } else {
                                 true
                             };
@@ -1191,12 +1186,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                                     side_match.start_pos,
                                 );
 
-                                cond.eval_row_infallible(&new_row, |err| {
-                                    ctx.on_compute_error(err, identity)
-                                })
-                                .await
-                                .map(|s| *s.as_bool())
-                                .unwrap_or(false)
+                                cond.eval_row_infallible(&new_row)
+                                    .await
+                                    .map(|s| *s.as_bool())
+                                    .unwrap_or(false)
                             } else {
                                 true
                             };
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index a9ebf5849be6a..c6fffcd94896d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use super::{ActorContextRef, BoxedExecutor, Executor, ExecutorInfo, Message};
 use crate::common::StreamChunkBuilder;
 
 pub struct HopWindowExecutor {
-    ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    _ctx: ActorContextRef,
     pub input: BoxedExecutor,
     pub info: ExecutorInfo,
     pub time_col_idx: usize,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
         chunk_size: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         HopWindowExecutor {
-            ctx,
+            _ctx: ctx,
             input,
             info,
             time_col_idx,
@@ -90,13 +90,11 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(self: Box<Self>) {
         let Self {
-            ctx,
             input,
 
             window_slide,
             window_size,
             output_indices,
-            info,
             time_col_idx,
 
             chunk_size,
@@ -152,22 +150,14 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
                         let window_start_col = if out_window_start_col_idx.is_some() {
                             Some(
                                 self.window_start_exprs[i]
-                                    .eval_infallible(&data_chunk, |err| {
-                                        ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                                    })
+                                    .eval_infallible(&data_chunk)
                                     .await,
                             )
                         } else {
                             None
                         };
                         let window_end_col = if out_window_end_col_idx.is_some() {
-                            Some(
-                                self.window_end_exprs[i]
-                                    .eval_infallible(&data_chunk, |err| {
-                                        ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                                    })
-                                    .await,
-                            )
+                            Some(self.window_end_exprs[i].eval_infallible(&data_chunk).await)
                         } else {
                             None
                         };
@@ -228,9 +218,7 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
                         {
                             let w = w
                                 .clone()
-                                .transform_with_expr(start_expr, out_start_idx, |err| {
-                                    ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                                })
+                                .transform_with_expr(start_expr, out_start_idx)
                                 .await;
                             if let Some(w) = w {
                                 yield Message::Watermark(w);
@@ -239,11 +227,7 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
                         if let (Some(out_end_idx), Some(end_expr)) =
                             (out_window_end_col_idx, self.window_end_exprs.get(0))
                         {
-                            let w = w
-                                .transform_with_expr(end_expr, out_end_idx, |err| {
-                                    ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                                })
-                                .await;
+                            let w = w.transform_with_expr(end_expr, out_end_idx).await;
                             if let Some(w) = w {
                                 yield Message::Watermark(w);
                             }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
index 8fa7a5d818cc4..663f1c0236e85 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::tracing::TracingContext;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{deserialize_datum, serialize_datum};
 use risingwave_connector::source::SplitImpl;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
-use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 use risingwave_pb::data::{PbDatum, PbEpoch};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::PbInputRef;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::barrier::{BarrierKind, PbMutation};
@@ -650,7 +649,6 @@ impl Watermark {
         self,
         expr: &BoxedExpression,
         new_col_idx: usize,
-        on_err: impl Fn(ExprError),
     ) -> Option<Self> {
         let Self { col_idx, val, .. } = self;
         let row = {
@@ -658,7 +656,7 @@ impl Watermark {
             row[col_idx] = Some(val);
             OwnedRow::new(row)
         };
-        let val = expr.eval_row_infallible(&row, on_err).await?;
+        let val = expr.eval_row_infallible(&row).await?;
         Some(Self::new(new_col_idx, expr.return_type(), val))
     }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
index 4da00e7c9d94c..56a31bde901b9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub struct ProjectExecutor {
 }
 
 struct Inner {
-    ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    _ctx: ActorContextRef,
     info: ExecutorInfo,
 
     /// Expressions of the current projection.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl ProjectExecutor {
         Self {
             input,
             inner: Inner {
-                ctx,
+                _ctx: ctx,
                 info: ExecutorInfo {
                     schema,
                     pk_indices: info.pk_indices,
@@ -138,11 +138,7 @@ impl Inner {
         let mut projected_columns = Vec::new();
 
         for expr in &self.exprs {
-            let evaluated_expr = expr
-                .eval_infallible(&data_chunk, |err| {
-                    self.ctx.on_compute_error(err, &self.info.identity)
-                })
-                .await;
+            let evaluated_expr = expr.eval_infallible(&data_chunk).await;
             projected_columns.push(evaluated_expr);
         }
         let (_, vis) = data_chunk.into_parts();
@@ -160,12 +156,7 @@ impl Inner {
             let out_col_idx = *out_col_idx;
             let derived_watermark = watermark
                 .clone()
-                .transform_with_expr(&self.exprs[out_col_idx], out_col_idx, |err| {
-                    self.ctx.on_compute_error(
-                        err,
-                        &(self.info.identity.to_string() + "(when computing watermark)"),
-                    )
-                })
+                .transform_with_expr(&self.exprs[out_col_idx], out_col_idx)
                 .await;
             if let Some(derived_watermark) = derived_watermark {
                 ret.push(derived_watermark);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
index f1962d456b2e1..6867e3d55bfde 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub struct ProjectSetExecutor {
 
 struct Inner {
     info: ExecutorInfo,
-    ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    _ctx: ActorContextRef,
     /// Expressions of the current project_section.
     select_list: Vec<ProjectSetSelectItem>,
     chunk_size: usize,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl ProjectSetExecutor {
 
         let inner = Inner {
             info,
-            ctx,
+            _ctx: ctx,
             select_list,
             chunk_size,
             watermark_derivations,
@@ -260,12 +260,7 @@ impl Inner {
                 ProjectSetSelectItem::Expr(expr) => {
                     watermark
                         .clone()
-                        .transform_with_expr(expr, expr_idx + PROJ_ROW_ID_OFFSET, |err| {
-                            self.ctx.on_compute_error(
-                                err,
-                                &(self.info.identity.to_string() + "(when computing watermark)"),
-                            )
-                        })
+                        .transform_with_expr(expr, expr_idx + PROJ_ROW_ID_OFFSET)
                         .await
                 }
                 ProjectSetSelectItem::TableFunction(_) => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
index ec92f6da7f752..6e88241f48433 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/simple_agg.rs
@@ -169,8 +169,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SimpleAggExecutor<S> {
         // Calculate the row visibility for every agg call.
         let mut call_visibilities = Vec::with_capacity(this.agg_calls.len());
         for agg_call in &this.agg_calls {
-            let vis =
-                agg_call_filter_res(&this.actor_ctx, &this.info.identity, agg_call, &chunk).await?;
+            let vis = agg_call_filter_res(agg_call, &chunk).await?;
             call_visibilities.push(vis);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
index b4139509c55a0..cc7e876f1d2de 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use super::*;
 use crate::error::StreamResult;
 
 pub struct StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
-    ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    _ctx: ActorContextRef,
     pub(super) input: Box<dyn Executor>,
     pub(super) info: ExecutorInfo,
     pub(super) aggs: Vec<BoxedAggregateFunction>,
@@ -55,15 +55,13 @@ impl Executor for StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
 
 impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
     async fn apply_chunk(
-        ctx: &ActorContextRef,
-        identity: &str,
         agg_calls: &[AggCall],
         aggs: &[BoxedAggregateFunction],
         states: &mut [AggregateState],
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         for ((agg, call), state) in aggs.iter().zip_eq_fast(agg_calls).zip_eq_fast(states) {
-            let vis = agg_call_filter_res(ctx, identity, call, chunk).await?;
+            let vis = agg_call_filter_res(call, chunk).await?;
             let chunk = chunk.project_with_vis(call.args.val_indices(), vis);
             agg.update(state, &chunk).await?;
         }
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(self) {
         let StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
-            ctx,
+            _ctx,
             input,
             info,
             aggs,
@@ -89,8 +87,7 @@ impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
             match msg {
                 Message::Watermark(_) => {}
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
-                    Self::apply_chunk(&ctx, &info.identity, &agg_calls, &aggs, &mut states, &chunk)
-                        .await?;
+                    Self::apply_chunk(&agg_calls, &aggs, &mut states, &chunk).await?;
                     is_dirty = true;
                 }
                 m @ Message::Barrier(_) => {
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ impl StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
         let aggs = agg_calls.iter().map(build_retractable).try_collect()?;
 
         Ok(StatelessSimpleAggExecutor {
-            ctx,
+            _ctx: ctx,
             input,
             info,
             aggs,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
index 7a523dc89540f..8267edc3154d5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
@@ -447,9 +447,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
                                 // check join condition
                                 let ok = if let Some(ref mut cond) = self.condition {
                                     let concat_row = left_row.chain(&right_row).into_owned_row();
-                                    cond.eval_row_infallible(&concat_row, |err| {
-                                        self.ctx.on_compute_error(err, self.identity.as_str())
-                                    })
+                                    cond.eval_row_infallible(&concat_row)
                                         .await
                                         .map(|s| *s.as_bool())
                                         .unwrap_or(false)
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
index 1274acee3dac7..b30ad4c1ed2f3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
@@ -99,11 +99,7 @@ impl ValuesExecutor {
                 let mut array_builders = schema.create_array_builders(chunk_size);
                 for row in rows.by_ref().take(chunk_size) {
                     for (expr, builder) in row.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(&mut array_builders) {
-                        let out = expr
-                            .eval_infallible(&one_row_chunk, |err| {
-                                self.ctx.on_compute_error(err, self.identity.as_str())
-                            })
-                            .await;
+                        let out = expr.eval_infallible(&one_row_chunk).await;
                         builder.append_array(&out);
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
index 7b6a1e47f28f5..ad332112ef269 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::{bail, row};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{
-    build_func, BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+    build_func_non_strict, BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
 };
 use risingwave_expr::Result as ExprResult;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::{expect_first_barrier, Watermark};
+use crate::task::ActorEvalErrorReport;
 
 /// The executor will generate a `Watermark` after each chunk.
 /// This will also guarantee all later rows with event time **less than** the watermark will be
@@ -111,6 +112,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
             mut table,
         } = *self;
 
+        let eval_error_report = ActorEvalErrorReport {
+            actor_context: ctx.clone(),
+            identity: info.identity.into(),
+        };
+
         let watermark_type = watermark_expr.return_type();
         assert_eq!(
             watermark_type,
@@ -151,11 +157,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    let watermark_array = watermark_expr
-                        .eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk(), |err| {
-                            ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                        })
-                        .await;
+                    let watermark_array = watermark_expr.eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk()).await;
 
                     // Build the expression to calculate watermark filter.
                     let watermark_filter_expr = current_watermark
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                                 watermark_type.clone(),
                                 event_time_col_idx,
                                 watermark,
+                                eval_error_report.clone(),
                             )
                         })
                         .transpose()?;
@@ -190,11 +193,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
                     }
 
                     if let Some(expr) = watermark_filter_expr {
-                        let pred_output = expr
-                            .eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk(), |err| {
-                                ctx.on_compute_error(err, &info.identity)
-                            })
-                            .await;
+                        let pred_output = expr.eval_infallible(chunk.data_chunk()).await;
 
                         if let Some(output_chunk) = FilterExecutor::filter(chunk, pred_output)? {
                             yield Message::Chunk(output_chunk);
@@ -298,14 +297,16 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         watermark_type: DataType,
         event_time_col_idx: usize,
         watermark: ScalarImpl,
+        eval_error_report: ActorEvalErrorReport,
     ) -> ExprResult<BoxedExpression> {
-        build_func(
+        build_func_non_strict(
             Type::GreaterThanOrEqual,
             DataType::Boolean,
             vec![
                 InputRefExpression::new(watermark_type.clone(), event_time_col_idx).boxed(),
                 LiteralExpression::new(watermark_type, Some(watermark)).boxed(),
             ],
+            eval_error_report,
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/filter.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/filter.rs
index 32341f1c5ebb1..47661e105c506 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/filter.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::FilterNode;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for FilterExecutorBuilder {
         _stream: &mut LocalStreamManagerCore,
     ) -> StreamResult<BoxedExecutor> {
         let [input]: [_; 1] = params.input.try_into().unwrap();
-        let search_condition = build_from_prost(node.get_search_condition()?)?;
+        let search_condition =
+            build_non_strict_from_prost(node.get_search_condition()?, params.eval_error_report)?;
 
         Ok(FilterExecutor::new(
             params.actor_context,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
index 7f63fba21221f..44799af9405c2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_prost, build_func, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{
+    build_func_non_strict, build_non_strict_from_prost, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression,
+};
 pub use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type as ExprType;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType as JoinTypeProto;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::HashJoinNode;
@@ -80,7 +82,10 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashJoinExecutorBuilder {
             .collect_vec();
 
         let condition = match node.get_condition() {
-            Ok(cond_prost) => Some(build_from_prost(cond_prost)?),
+            Ok(cond_prost) => Some(build_non_strict_from_prost(
+                cond_prost,
+                params.eval_error_report.clone(),
+            )?),
             Err(_) => None,
         };
         trace!("Join non-equi condition: {:?}", condition);
@@ -96,13 +101,17 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashJoinExecutorBuilder {
                     let data_type = source_l.schema().fields
                         [min(key_required_larger, key_required_smaller)]
                     .data_type();
-                    Some(build_func(
+                    Some(build_func_non_strict(
                         delta_expression.delta_type(),
                         data_type.clone(),
                         vec![
                             Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(data_type, 0)),
-                            build_from_prost(delta_expression.delta.as_ref().unwrap())?,
+                            build_non_strict_from_prost(
+                                delta_expression.delta.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                                params.eval_error_report.clone(),
+                            )?,
                         ],
+                        params.eval_error_report.clone(),
                     )?)
                 } else {
                     None
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hop_window.rs
index 7a4ea721a58ab..5bf0240155fc2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hop_window.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::HopWindowNode;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HopWindowExecutorBuilder {
         let window_start_exprs: Vec<_> = node
             .get_window_start_exprs()
             .iter()
-            .map(build_from_prost)
+            .map(|e| build_non_strict_from_prost(e, params.eval_error_report.clone()))
             .try_collect()?;
         let window_end_exprs: Vec<_> = node
             .get_window_end_exprs()
             .iter()
-            .map(build_from_prost)
+            .map(|e| build_non_strict_from_prost(e, params.eval_error_report.clone()))
             .try_collect()?;
 
         let time_col = node.get_time_col() as usize;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/project.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/project.rs
index 111cc46ace641..ea01fd5c129c8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/project.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/project.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use multimap::MultiMap;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ProjectNode;
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ProjectExecutorBuilder {
         let project_exprs: Vec<_> = node
             .get_select_list()
             .iter()
-            .map(build_from_prost)
+            .map(|e| build_non_strict_from_prost(e, params.eval_error_report.clone()))
             .try_collect()?;
 
         let watermark_derivations = MultiMap::from_iter(
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
index 1883281f35e8f..8b7b3b6af1335 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_non_strict_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{JoinType as JoinTypeProto, StorageTableDesc};
 use risingwave_storage::table::batch_table::storage_table::StorageTable;
 use risingwave_storage::table::Distribution;
@@ -133,7 +133,10 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for TemporalJoinExecutorBuilder {
         let null_safe = node.get_null_safe().to_vec();
 
         let condition = match node.get_condition() {
-            Ok(cond_prost) => Some(build_from_prost(cond_prost)?),
+            Ok(cond_prost) => Some(build_non_strict_from_prost(
+                cond_prost,
+                params.eval_error_report,
+            )?),
             Err(_) => None,
         };
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/values.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/values.rs
index 6857e1fc56ef9..077eea3511108 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/values.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/values.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ValuesNode;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel;
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ValuesExecutorBuilder {
                 tuple
                     .get_cells()
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|node| build_from_prost(node).unwrap())
+                    .map(|node| {
+                        build_non_strict_from_prost(node, params.eval_error_report.clone()).unwrap()
+                    })
                     .collect_vec()
             })
             .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
index 62607e053b220..52c452115a4ce 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/watermark_filter.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::WatermarkFilterNode;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for WatermarkFilterBuilder {
         let [input]: [_; 1] = params.input.try_into().unwrap();
         let watermark_descs = node.get_watermark_descs().clone();
         let [watermark_desc]: [_; 1] = watermark_descs.try_into().unwrap();
-        let watermark_expr = build_from_prost(&watermark_desc.expr.unwrap())?;
+        let watermark_expr =
+            build_non_strict_from_prost(&watermark_desc.expr.unwrap(), params.eval_error_report)?;
         let event_time_col_idx = watermark_desc.watermark_idx as usize;
         let vnodes = Arc::new(
             params
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index dc07c6986c8e0..8392129dfe528 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -105,10 +105,26 @@ pub struct LocalStreamManager {
     total_mem_val: Arc<TrAdder<i64>>,
 }
 
+/// Report expression evaluation errors to the actor context.
+///
+/// The struct can be cheaply cloned.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ActorEvalErrorReport {
+    pub actor_context: ActorContextRef,
+    pub identity: Arc<str>,
+}
+
+impl risingwave_expr::expr::EvalErrorReport for ActorEvalErrorReport {
+    fn report(&self, err: risingwave_expr::ExprError) {
+        self.actor_context.on_compute_error(err, &self.identity);
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct ExecutorParams {
     pub env: StreamEnvironment,
 
     /// Indices of primary keys
+    // TODO: directly use it for `ExecutorInfo`
     pub pk_indices: PkIndices,
 
     /// Executor id, unique across all actors.
@@ -117,12 +133,18 @@ pub struct ExecutorParams {
     /// Operator id, unique for each operator in fragment.
     pub operator_id: u64,
 
-    /// Information of the operator from plan node.
+    /// Information of the operator from plan node, like `StreamHashJoin { .. }`.
+    // TODO: use it for `identity`
     pub op_info: String,
 
     /// The output schema of the executor.
+    // TODO: directly use it for `ExecutorInfo`
     pub schema: Schema,
 
+    /// The identity of the executor, like `HashJoin 1234ABCD`.
+    // TODO: directly use it for `ExecutorInfo`
+    pub identity: String,
+
     /// The input executor.
     pub input: Vec<BoxedExecutor>,
 
@@ -137,6 +159,9 @@ pub struct ExecutorParams {
 
     /// Vnodes owned by this executor. Represented in bitmap.
     pub vnode_bitmap: Option<Bitmap>,
+
+    /// Used for reporting expression evaluation errors.
+    pub eval_error_report: ActorEvalErrorReport,
 }
 
 impl Debug for ExecutorParams {
@@ -536,12 +561,19 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         let operator_id = unique_operator_id(fragment_id, node.operator_id);
         let schema = node.fields.iter().map(Field::from).collect();
 
+        let identity = format!("{} {:X}", node.get_node_body().unwrap(), executor_id);
+        let eval_error_report = ActorEvalErrorReport {
+            actor_context: actor_context.clone(),
+            identity: identity.clone().into(),
+        };
+
         // Build the executor with params.
         let executor_params = ExecutorParams {
             env: env.clone(),
             pk_indices,
             executor_id,
             operator_id,
+            identity,
             op_info,
             schema,
             input,
@@ -549,6 +581,7 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
             executor_stats: self.streaming_metrics.clone(),
             actor_context: actor_context.clone(),
             vnode_bitmap,
+            eval_error_report,
         };
 
         let executor = create_executor(executor_params, self, node, store).await?;
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index c380c28c8217d..7f3e730b714cd 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "any", "chrono", "json",
 sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
 sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
 sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+strum = { version = "0.25", features = ["derive"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }

From 6f9c5c2f145530f1254244fa18caa6879f45879d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 16:53:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 198/430] feat(meta): initialization and modeling for
 sql-backend based meta store (#12454)

Co-authored-by: yezizp2012 <yezizp2012@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .licenserc.yaml                               |    1 +
 Cargo.lock                                    |  445 +++++++
 Cargo.toml                                    |    1 +
 src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs            |    9 +-
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |    3 +
 src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs            |  326 +++++
 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs                |   94 ++
 src/meta/src/controller/system_param.rs       |  316 +++++
 src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs              |   93 ++
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                           |   13 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/env.rs                   |   67 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs                   |    2 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/README.md               |   50 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/actor.rs                |   51 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/cluster.rs              |   28 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs           |   90 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs             |  108 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs      |   29 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs      |   29 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/fragment.rs             |   62 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs             |   79 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs                |   95 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/Cargo.toml    |   17 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/README.md     |   41 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs    |   12 +
 .../migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs    | 1152 +++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/main.rs   |    6 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |   43 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs               |  157 +++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs    |   46 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs              |   35 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs               |  114 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs                 |  110 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs               |  104 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/system_parameter.rs     |   30 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs                |  124 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs                 |   43 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs       |   63 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs                 |   76 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs               |   63 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs      |   48 +
 src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs                    |   74 +-
 .../src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs  |   31 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs |   25 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   30 +-
 45 files changed, 4396 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/system_param.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/README.md
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/actor.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/cluster.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/fragment.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/README.md
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/system_parameter.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs

diff --git a/.licenserc.yaml b/.licenserc.yaml
index e596f12143b13..c1745a4d1ad74 100644
--- a/.licenserc.yaml
+++ b/.licenserc.yaml
@@ -17,5 +17,6 @@ header:
     - "**/*.d.ts"
     - "src/sqlparser/**/*.rs"
     - "java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/cdc/debezium/internal/*.java"
+    - "src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/**/*.rs"
 
   comment: on-failure
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ef9b6a4869310..a81b66b8c1548 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "aliasable"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "250f629c0161ad8107cf89319e990051fae62832fd343083bea452d93e2205fd"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "alloc-no-stdlib"
 version = "2.0.4"
@@ -380,6 +386,16 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b34d609dfbaf33d6889b2b7106d3ca345eacad44200913df5ba02bfd31d2ba9"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-attributes"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a3203e79f4dd9bdda415ed03cf14dae5a2bf775c683a00f94e9cd1faf0f596e5"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-channel"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -404,6 +420,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-executor"
+version = "1.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6fa3dc5f2a8564f07759c008b9109dc0d39de92a88d5588b8a5036d286383afb"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-task",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "fastrand 1.9.0",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-global-executor"
+version = "2.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1b6f5d7df27bd294849f8eec66ecfc63d11814df7a4f5d74168a2394467b776"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-executor",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "blocking",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "once_cell",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-io"
+version = "1.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fc5b45d93ef0529756f812ca52e44c221b35341892d3dcc34132ac02f3dd2af"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-lock",
+ "autocfg",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "log",
+ "parking",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 0.37.23",
+ "slab",
+ "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "waker-fn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-lock"
 version = "2.8.0"
@@ -458,6 +524,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-std"
+version = "1.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "62565bb4402e926b29953c785397c6dc0391b7b446e45008b0049eb43cec6f5d"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-attributes",
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-global-executor",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "gloo-timers",
+ "kv-log-macro",
+ "log",
+ "memchr",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "pin-utils",
+ "slab",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-stream"
 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -512,6 +605,12 @@ version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c59bdb34bc650a32731b31bd8f0829cc15d24a708ee31559e0bb34f2bc320cba"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "atomic-waker"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1181e1e0d1fce796a03db1ae795d67167da795f9cf4a39c37589e85ef57f26d3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "auto_enums"
 version = "0.8.2"
@@ -1225,6 +1324,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "blocking"
+version = "1.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77231a1c8f801696fc0123ec6150ce92cffb8e164a02afb9c8ddee0e9b65ad65"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-task",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "fastrand 1.9.0",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "log",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh"
 version = "0.10.3"
@@ -2320,6 +2434,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "derivative"
+version = "2.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fcc3dd5e9e9c0b295d6e1e4d811fb6f157d5ffd784b8d202fc62eac8035a770b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_builder"
 version = "0.12.0"
@@ -3146,6 +3271,21 @@ version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4fff74096e71ed47f8e023204cfd0aa1289cd54ae5430a9523be060cdb849964"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-lite"
+version = "1.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "49a9d51ce47660b1e808d3c990b4709f2f415d928835a17dfd16991515c46bce"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand 1.9.0",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "memchr",
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "waker-fn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
 version = "0.3.28"
@@ -3249,6 +3389,18 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d2fabcfbdc87f4758337ca535fb41a6d701b65693ce38287d856d1674551ec9b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "gloo-timers"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b995a66bb87bebce9a0f4a95aed01daca4872c050bfcb21653361c03bc35e5c"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "js-sys",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "google-cloud-auth"
 version = "0.12.0"
@@ -3797,6 +3949,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "str_stack",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "inherent"
+version = "1.0.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce243b1bfa62ffc028f1cc3b6034ec63d649f3031bc8a4fbbb004e1ac17d1f68"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "inquire"
 version = "0.6.2"
@@ -3976,6 +4139,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "duct",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "kv-log-macro"
+version = "1.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0de8b303297635ad57c9f5059fd9cee7a47f8e8daa09df0fcd07dd39fb22977f"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -4161,6 +4333,12 @@ version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f051f77a7c8e6957c0696eac88f26b0117e54f52d3fc682ab19397a8812846a4"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.3.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef53942eb7bf7ff43a617b3e2c1c4a5ecf5944a7c1bc12d7ee39bbb15e5c1519"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.5"
@@ -4189,6 +4367,9 @@ name = "log"
 version = "0.4.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "value-bag",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "loom"
@@ -4558,6 +4739,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "model_migration"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-std",
+ "sea-orm-migration",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "moka"
 version = "0.12.0"
@@ -5264,6 +5454,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ouroboros"
+version = "0.17.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2ba07320d39dfea882faa70554b4bd342a5f273ed59ba7c1c6b4c840492c954"
+dependencies = [
+ "aliasable",
+ "ouroboros_macro",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ouroboros_macro"
+version = "0.17.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec4c6225c69b4ca778c0aea097321a64c421cf4577b331c61b229267edabb6f8"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "proc-macro-error",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "outref"
 version = "0.5.1"
@@ -5288,6 +5502,12 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "384e52fd8fbd4cbe3c317e8216260c21a0f9134de108cea8a4dd4e7e152c472d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parking"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "14f2252c834a40ed9bb5422029649578e63aa341ac401f74e719dd1afda8394e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.11.2"
@@ -5667,6 +5887,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "plotters-backend",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "polling"
+version = "2.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4b2d323e8ca7996b3e23126511a523f7e62924d93ecd5ae73b333815b0eb3dce"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
 version = "1.4.3"
@@ -7283,9 +7519,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "maplit",
  "memcomparable",
  "mime_guess",
+ "model_migration",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "parse-display",
  "prometheus",
  "prometheus-http-query",
  "prost",
@@ -7303,6 +7541,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
  "risingwave_test_runner",
  "scopeguard",
+ "sea-orm",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sqlx",
@@ -7890,6 +8129,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.45.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.37.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4d69718bf81c6127a49dc64e44a742e8bb9213c0ff8869a22c308f84c1d4ab06"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "errno",
+ "io-lifetimes",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys 0.3.8",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
 version = "0.38.11"
@@ -8057,6 +8310,165 @@ dependencies = [
  "untrusted",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-bae"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3bd3534a9978d0aa7edd2808dc1f8f31c4d0ecd31ddf71d997b3c98e9f3c9114"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "proc-macro-error",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-orm"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "61f6c7daef05dde3476d97001e11fca7a52b655aa3bf4fd610ab2da1176a2ed5"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-stream",
+ "async-trait",
+ "bigdecimal",
+ "chrono",
+ "futures",
+ "log",
+ "ouroboros",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "sea-orm-macros",
+ "sea-query",
+ "sea-query-binder",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sqlx",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
+ "thiserror",
+ "time",
+ "tracing",
+ "url",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-orm-cli"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e3f0ff2fa5672e2e7314d107c6498a18e469beeb340a0ed84e3075fce73c2cd"
+dependencies = [
+ "chrono",
+ "clap",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "glob",
+ "regex",
+ "sea-schema",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+ "url",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-orm-macros"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd90e73d5f5b184bad525767da29fbfec132b4e62ebd6f60d2f2737ec6468f62"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "sea-bae",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-orm-migration"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "21f673fcefb3a7e7b89a12b6c0e854ec0be14367635ac3435369c8ad7f11e09e"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "clap",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "futures",
+ "sea-orm",
+ "sea-orm-cli",
+ "sea-schema",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-query"
+version = "0.30.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "28c05a5bf6403834be253489bbe95fa9b1e5486bc843b61f60d26b5c9c1e244b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bigdecimal",
+ "chrono",
+ "derivative",
+ "inherent",
+ "ordered-float 3.9.1",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "sea-query-derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "time",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-query-binder"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "36bbb68df92e820e4d5aeb17b4acd5cc8b5d18b2c36a4dd6f4626aabfa7ab1b9"
+dependencies = [
+ "bigdecimal",
+ "chrono",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "sea-query",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sqlx",
+ "time",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-query-derive"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd78f2e0ee8e537e9195d1049b752e0433e2cac125426bccb7b5c3e508096117"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-schema"
+version = "0.14.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0cd9561232bd1b82ea748b581f15909d11de0db6563ddcf28c5d908aee8282f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures",
+ "sea-query",
+ "sea-schema-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sea-schema-derive"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6f686050f76bffc4f635cda8aea6df5548666b830b52387e8bc7de11056d11e"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "seahash"
 version = "4.1.0"
@@ -8705,6 +9117,7 @@ checksum = "dd4cef4251aabbae751a3710927945901ee1d97ee96d757f6880ebb9a79bfd53"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "atoi",
+ "bigdecimal",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
@@ -8723,19 +9136,23 @@ dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "log",
  "memchr",
+ "native-tls",
  "once_cell",
  "paste",
  "percent-encoding",
+ "rust_decimal",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "sqlformat",
  "thiserror",
+ "time",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
  "tracing",
  "url",
+ "uuid",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8785,6 +9202,7 @@ checksum = "8ca69bf415b93b60b80dc8fda3cb4ef52b2336614d8da2de5456cc942a110482"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
  "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bigdecimal",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -8809,6 +9227,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
  "rand",
  "rsa",
+ "rust_decimal",
  "serde",
  "sha1",
  "sha2",
@@ -8816,7 +9235,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "sqlx-core",
  "stringprep",
  "thiserror",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
+ "uuid",
  "whoami",
 ]
 
@@ -8828,6 +9249,7 @@ checksum = "a0db2df1b8731c3651e204629dd55e52adbae0462fa1bdcbed56a2302c18181e"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
  "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bigdecimal",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
  "chrono",
@@ -8846,8 +9268,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "md-5",
  "memchr",
+ "num-bigint",
  "once_cell",
  "rand",
+ "rust_decimal",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sha1",
@@ -8856,7 +9280,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "sqlx-core",
  "stringprep",
  "thiserror",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
+ "uuid",
  "whoami",
 ]
 
@@ -8879,8 +9305,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
  "serde",
  "sqlx-core",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
  "url",
+ "uuid",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -9870,6 +10298,12 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "830b7e5d4d90034032940e4ace0d9a9a057e7a45cd94e6c007832e39edb82f6d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "value-bag"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d92ccd67fb88503048c01b59152a04effd0782d035a83a6d256ce6085f08f4a3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "value-trait"
 version = "0.6.1"
@@ -9926,6 +10360,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "waker-fn"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d5b2c62b4012a3e1eca5a7e077d13b3bf498c4073e33ccd58626607748ceeca"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
 version = "2.4.0"
@@ -10356,6 +10796,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
+ "ordered-float 3.9.1",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "parking_lot_core 0.9.8",
  "petgraph",
@@ -10375,6 +10816,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
  "scopeguard",
+ "sea-orm",
+ "sea-query",
+ "sea-query-binder",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
@@ -10382,6 +10826,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sha2",
  "signature",
  "smallvec",
+ "sqlx",
  "sqlx-core",
  "sqlx-mysql",
  "sqlx-postgres",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index c36d9821e389f..6962c92321d80 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ members = [
   "src/java_binding",
   "src/jni_core",
   "src/meta",
+  "src/meta/src/model_v2/migration",
   "src/object_store",
   "src/prost",
   "src/prost/helpers",
diff --git a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
index abd2e110c8492..5215e1cc144ea 100644
--- a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_system_params_to_kv {
 
 macro_rules! impl_derive_missing_fields {
     ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
-        fn derive_missing_fields(params: &mut PbSystemParams) {
+        pub fn derive_missing_fields(params: &mut PbSystemParams) {
             $(
                 if params.$field.is_none() && let Some(v) = OverrideFromParams::$field(params) {
                     params.$field = Some(v);
@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_default_from_other_params {
 
 macro_rules! impl_set_system_param {
     ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
-        pub fn set_system_param(params: &mut PbSystemParams, key: &str, value: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+        /// Set a system parameter with the given value or default one, returns the new value.
+        pub fn set_system_param(params: &mut PbSystemParams, key: &str, value: Option<String>) -> Result<String> {
              match key {
                 $(
                     key_of!($field) => {
@@ -256,7 +257,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_set_system_param {
                             $default.ok_or_else(|| format!("{} does not have a default value", key))?
                         };
                         OverrideValidateOnSet::$field(&v)?;
-                        params.$field = Some(v);
+                        params.$field = Some(v.clone());
+                        return Ok(v.to_string())
                     },
                 )*
                 _ => {
@@ -266,7 +268,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_set_system_param {
                     ));
                 }
             };
-            Ok(())
         }
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index 329fb4fdc1fda..fbe70855bb945 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -36,9 +36,11 @@ hyper = "0.14"
 itertools = "0.11"
 memcomparable = { version = "0.2" }
 mime_guess = "2"
+model_migration = { path = "src/model_v2/migration" }
 num-integer = "0.1"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock"] }
+parse-display = "0.8"
 prometheus = "0.13"
 prometheus-http-query = "0.6"
 prost = "0.11"
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 scopeguard = "1.2.0"
+sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [ "sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "macros" ] }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["runtime-tokio", "postgres", "mysql", "sqlite", "chrono"] }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2b992bab70f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::iter;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, SYSTEM_SCHEMAS};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbDatabase, PbSchema};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{
+    Info as NotificationInfo, Operation as NotificationOperation,
+};
+use sea_orm::sea_query::{Expr, Query, QueryStatementBuilder, UnionType};
+use sea_orm::{
+    ActiveModelTrait, ActiveValue, ColumnTrait, ConnectionTrait, DatabaseConnection,
+    DatabaseTransaction, EntityTrait, ModelTrait, QueryFilter, Statement, TransactionTrait,
+};
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+
+use crate::controller::utils::construct_obj_dependency_query;
+use crate::controller::ObjectModel;
+use crate::manager::{DatabaseId, MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion, UserId};
+use crate::model_v2::object::ObjectType;
+use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
+use crate::model_v2::{
+    connection, database, function, index, object, schema, sink, source, table, view,
+};
+use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
+
+/// `CatalogController` is the controller for catalog related operations, including database, schema, table, view, etc.
+pub struct CatalogController {
+    env: MetaSrvEnv,
+    inner: RwLock<CatalogControllerInner>,
+}
+
+pub struct ReleaseContext {
+    streaming_jobs: Vec<i32>,
+    source_ids: Vec<i32>,
+    connections: Vec<serde_json::Value>,
+}
+
+impl CatalogController {
+    pub fn new(env: MetaSrvEnv) -> MetaResult<Self> {
+        let meta_store = env
+            .sql_meta_store()
+            .expect("sql meta store is not initialized");
+        Ok(Self {
+            env,
+            inner: RwLock::new(CatalogControllerInner {
+                db: meta_store.conn,
+            }),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct CatalogControllerInner {
+    db: DatabaseConnection,
+}
+
+impl CatalogController {
+    async fn notify_frontend(
+        &self,
+        operation: NotificationOperation,
+        info: NotificationInfo,
+    ) -> NotificationVersion {
+        self.env
+            .notification_manager()
+            .notify_frontend(operation, info)
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+impl CatalogController {
+    pub fn snapshot(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        todo!("snapshot")
+    }
+
+    async fn create_object(
+        txn: &DatabaseTransaction,
+        obj_type: ObjectType,
+        owner_id: UserId,
+    ) -> MetaResult<object::Model> {
+        let active_db = object::ActiveModel {
+            oid: Default::default(),
+            obj_type: ActiveValue::Set(obj_type),
+            owner_id: ActiveValue::Set(owner_id as _),
+            initialized_at: Default::default(),
+            created_at: Default::default(),
+        };
+        Ok(active_db.insert(txn).await?)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_database(&self, db: PbDatabase) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        let owner_id = db.owner;
+
+        let db_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Database, owner_id).await?;
+        let mut db: database::ActiveModel = db.into();
+        db.database_id = ActiveValue::Set(db_obj.oid);
+        let db = db.insert(&txn).await?;
+
+        let mut schemas = vec![];
+        for schema_name in iter::once(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME).chain(SYSTEM_SCHEMAS) {
+            let schema_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Schema, owner_id).await?;
+            let schema = schema::ActiveModel {
+                schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema_obj.oid),
+                name: ActiveValue::Set(schema_name.into()),
+                database_id: ActiveValue::Set(db.database_id),
+            };
+            let schema = schema.insert(&txn).await?;
+            schemas.push(ObjectModel(schema, schema_obj).into());
+        }
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let mut version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Add,
+                NotificationInfo::Database(ObjectModel(db, db_obj).into()),
+            )
+            .await;
+        for schema in schemas {
+            version = self
+                .notify_frontend(NotificationOperation::Add, NotificationInfo::Schema(schema))
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    /// List all objects that are using the given one. It runs a recursive CTE to find all the dependencies.
+    async fn list_used_by(&self, obj_id: i32) -> MetaResult<Vec<i32>> {
+        let inner = self.inner.read().await;
+
+        let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id, "used_by");
+        let (sql, values) = query.build_any(&*inner.db.get_database_backend().get_query_builder());
+        let res = inner
+            .db
+            .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                inner.db.get_database_backend(),
+                sql,
+                values,
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        let ids: Vec<i32> = res
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|row| row.try_get("", "user_by").unwrap())
+            .collect_vec();
+        Ok(ids)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn drop_database(
+        &self,
+        database_id: DatabaseId,
+    ) -> MetaResult<(ReleaseContext, NotificationVersion)> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+
+        let db = Database::find_by_id(database_id as i32)
+            .one(&txn)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("database", database_id))?;
+        let db_obj = db.find_related(Object).one(&txn).await?;
+        let pb_db = ObjectModel(db.clone(), db_obj.unwrap()).into();
+
+        let tables = db.find_related(Table).all(&txn).await?;
+        let sinks = db.find_related(Sink).all(&txn).await?;
+        let indexes = db.find_related(Index).all(&txn).await?;
+        let streaming_jobs = tables
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|t| t.table_id)
+            .chain(sinks.into_iter().map(|s| s.sink_id))
+            .chain(indexes.into_iter().map(|i| i.index_id))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let source_ids = db
+            .find_related(Source)
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|s| s.source_id)
+            .collect_vec();
+        let connections = db
+            .find_related(Connection)
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|c| c.info)
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let mut query_schema = Query::select()
+            .column(schema::Column::SchemaId)
+            .from(Schema)
+            .and_where(schema::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_table = Query::select()
+            .column(table::Column::TableId)
+            .from(Table)
+            .and_where(table::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_source = Query::select()
+            .column(source::Column::SourceId)
+            .from(Source)
+            .and_where(source::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_sink = Query::select()
+            .column(sink::Column::SinkId)
+            .from(Sink)
+            .and_where(sink::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_index = Query::select()
+            .column(index::Column::IndexId)
+            .from(Index)
+            .and_where(index::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_view = Query::select()
+            .column(view::Column::ViewId)
+            .from(View)
+            .and_where(view::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_function = Query::select()
+            .column(function::Column::FunctionId)
+            .from(Function)
+            .and_where(function::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_connection = Query::select()
+            .column(connection::Column::ConnectionId)
+            .from(Connection)
+            .and_where(connection::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
+            .to_owned();
+        let query_all = query_schema
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_table)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_source)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_sink)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_index)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_view)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_function)
+            .union(UnionType::All, query_connection)
+            .union(
+                UnionType::All,
+                Query::select()
+                    .expr(Expr::value(database_id as i32))
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .to_owned();
+        // drop related objects, the relations will be dropped cascade.
+        Object::delete_many()
+            .filter(object::Column::Oid.in_subquery(query_all))
+            .exec(&txn)
+            .await?;
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Delete,
+                NotificationInfo::Database(pb_db),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok((
+            ReleaseContext {
+                streaming_jobs,
+                source_ids,
+                connections,
+            },
+            version,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_schema(&self, schema: PbSchema) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        let owner_id = schema.owner;
+
+        // todo: whether to check existence of database and user, or let the database do it?
+        let schema_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Schema, owner_id).await?;
+        let mut schema: schema::ActiveModel = schema.into();
+        schema.schema_id = ActiveValue::Set(schema_obj.oid);
+        let schema = schema.insert(&txn).await?;
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Add,
+                NotificationInfo::Schema(ObjectModel(schema, schema_obj).into()),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::catalog::DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_ID;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+    async fn test_create_database() {
+        let mgr = CatalogController::new(MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await).unwrap();
+        let db = PbDatabase {
+            name: "test".to_string(),
+            owner: DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_ID,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        mgr.create_database(db).await.unwrap();
+        let db = Database::find()
+            .filter(database::Column::Name.eq("test"))
+            .one(&mgr.inner.read().await.db)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+        mgr.drop_database(db.database_id as _).await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..968607df5e35d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbDatabase, PbSchema};
+use sea_orm::{ActiveValue, DatabaseConnection, ModelTrait};
+
+use crate::model_v2::{database, object, schema};
+use crate::MetaError;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod catalog;
+pub mod system_param;
+pub mod utils;
+
+// todo: refine the error transform.
+impl From<sea_orm::DbErr> for MetaError {
+    fn from(err: sea_orm::DbErr) -> Self {
+        anyhow!(err).into()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SqlMetaStore {
+    pub(crate) conn: DatabaseConnection,
+}
+
+impl SqlMetaStore {
+    pub fn new(conn: DatabaseConnection) -> Self {
+        Self { conn }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+    pub async fn for_test() -> Self {
+        use model_migration::{Migrator, MigratorTrait};
+        let conn = sea_orm::Database::connect("sqlite::memory:").await.unwrap();
+        Migrator::up(&conn, None).await.unwrap();
+        Self { conn }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ObjectModel<M: ModelTrait>(M, object::Model);
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<database::Model>> for PbDatabase {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<database::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.database_id as _,
+            name: value.0.name,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PbDatabase> for database::ActiveModel {
+    fn from(db: PbDatabase) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(db.id as _),
+            name: ActiveValue::Set(db.name),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PbSchema> for schema::ActiveModel {
+    fn from(schema: PbSchema) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.id as _),
+            name: ActiveValue::Set(schema.name),
+            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.database_id as _),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<schema::Model>> for PbSchema {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<schema::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.schema_id as _,
+            name: value.0.name,
+            database_id: value.0.database_id as _,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/system_param.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/system_param.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0656da5ea9a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/system_param.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
+use risingwave_common::system_param::{
+    check_missing_params, derive_missing_fields, set_system_param,
+};
+use risingwave_common::{for_all_params, key_of};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::PbSystemParams;
+use sea_orm::{ActiveModelTrait, ActiveValue, DatabaseConnection, EntityTrait, TransactionTrait};
+use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+use tracing::info;
+
+use crate::controller::SqlMetaStore;
+use crate::manager::{LocalNotification, NotificationManagerRef};
+use crate::model_v2::prelude::SystemParameter;
+use crate::model_v2::system_parameter;
+use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
+
+pub type SystemParamsControllerRef = Arc<SystemParamsController>;
+
+pub struct SystemParamsController {
+    db: DatabaseConnection,
+    // Notify workers and local subscribers of parameter change.
+    notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef,
+    // Cached parameters.
+    params: RwLock<PbSystemParams>,
+}
+
+/// Derive system params from db models.
+macro_rules! impl_system_params_from_db {
+    ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
+        /// Try to deserialize deprecated fields as well.
+        /// Warn if there are unrecognized fields.
+        pub fn system_params_from_db(mut models: Vec<system_parameter::Model>) -> MetaResult<PbSystemParams> {
+            let mut params = PbSystemParams::default();
+            models.retain(|model| {
+                match model.name.as_str() {
+                    $(
+                        key_of!($field) => {
+                            params.$field = Some(model.value.parse::<$type>().unwrap());
+                            false
+                        }
+                    )*
+                    _ => true,
+                }
+            });
+            derive_missing_fields(&mut params);
+            if !models.is_empty() {
+                let unrecognized_params = models.into_iter().map(|model| model.name).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                tracing::warn!("unrecognized system params {:?}", unrecognized_params);
+            }
+            Ok(params)
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Derive serialization to db models.
+macro_rules! impl_system_params_to_models {
+    ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
+        #[allow(clippy::vec_init_then_push)]
+        pub fn system_params_to_model(params: &PbSystemParams) -> MetaResult<Vec<system_parameter::ActiveModel>> {
+            check_missing_params(params).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+            let mut models = Vec::new();
+            $(
+                let value = params.$field.as_ref().unwrap().to_string();
+                models.push(system_parameter::ActiveModel {
+                    name: ActiveValue::Set(key_of!($field).to_string()),
+                    value: ActiveValue::Set(value),
+                    is_mutable: ActiveValue::Set($is_mutable),
+                    description: ActiveValue::Set(None),
+                });
+            )*
+            Ok(models)
+       }
+    };
+}
+
+// For each field in `persisted` and `init`
+// 1. Some, None: The persisted field is deprecated, so just ignore it.
+// 2. Some, Some: Check equality and warn if they differ.
+// 3. None, Some: A new version of RW cluster is launched for the first time and newly introduced
+// params are not set. Use init value.
+// 4. None, None: A new version of RW cluster is launched for the first time and newly introduced
+// params are not set. The new field is not initialized either, just leave it as `None`.
+macro_rules! impl_merge_params {
+    ($({ $field:ident, $type:ty, $default:expr, $is_mutable:expr },)*) => {
+        fn merge_params(mut persisted: PbSystemParams, init: PbSystemParams) -> PbSystemParams {
+            $(
+                match (persisted.$field.as_ref(), init.$field) {
+                    (Some(persisted), Some(init)) => {
+                        if persisted != &init {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                "The initializing value of \"{:?}\" ({}) differ from persisted ({}), using persisted value",
+                                key_of!($field),
+                                init,
+                                persisted
+                            );
+                        }
+                    },
+                    (None, Some(init)) => persisted.$field = Some(init),
+                    _ => {},
+                }
+            )*
+            persisted
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+for_all_params!(impl_system_params_from_db);
+for_all_params!(impl_merge_params);
+for_all_params!(impl_system_params_to_models);
+
+impl SystemParamsController {
+    pub async fn new(
+        sql_meta_store: SqlMetaStore,
+        notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef,
+        init_params: PbSystemParams,
+    ) -> MetaResult<Self> {
+        let db = sql_meta_store.conn;
+        let params = SystemParameter::find().all(&db).await?;
+        let params = merge_params(system_params_from_db(params)?, init_params);
+
+        info!("system parameters: {:?}", params);
+        check_missing_params(&params).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+
+        let ctl = Self {
+            db,
+            notification_manager,
+            params: RwLock::new(params),
+        };
+        // flush to db.
+        ctl.flush_params().await?;
+
+        Ok(ctl)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_pb_params(&self) -> PbSystemParams {
+        self.params.read().await.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_params(&self) -> SystemParamsReader {
+        self.params.read().await.clone().into()
+    }
+
+    async fn flush_params(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let params = self.params.read().await;
+        let models = system_params_to_model(&params)?;
+        let txn = self.db.begin().await?;
+        // delete all params first and then insert all params. It follows the same logic
+        // as the old code, we'd better change it to another way later to keep consistency.
+        SystemParameter::delete_many().exec(&txn).await?;
+
+        for model in models {
+            model.insert(&txn).await?;
+        }
+        txn.commit().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_param(&self, name: &str, value: Option<String>) -> MetaResult<PbSystemParams> {
+        let mut params_guard = self.params.write().await;
+
+        let Some(param) = SystemParameter::find_by_id(name.to_string())
+            .one(&self.db)
+            .await?
+        else {
+            return Err(MetaError::system_param(format!(
+                "unrecognized system parameter {}",
+                name
+            )));
+        };
+        let mut params = params_guard.clone();
+        let mut param: system_parameter::ActiveModel = param.into();
+        param.value = ActiveValue::Set(
+            set_system_param(&mut params, name, value).map_err(MetaError::system_param)?,
+        );
+        param.update(&self.db).await?;
+        *params_guard = params.clone();
+
+        // Sync params to other managers on the meta node only once, since it's infallible.
+        self.notification_manager
+            .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::SystemParamsChange(params.clone().into()))
+            .await;
+
+        // Sync params to worker nodes.
+        self.notify_workers(&params).await;
+
+        Ok(params)
+    }
+
+    // Periodically sync params to worker nodes.
+    pub fn start_params_notifier(
+        system_params_controller: Arc<Self>,
+    ) -> (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
+        const NOTIFY_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(5000);
+
+        let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(NOTIFY_INTERVAL);
+            interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Delay);
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = interval.tick() => {},
+                    _ = &mut shutdown_rx => {
+                        tracing::info!("System params notifier is stopped");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                system_params_controller
+                    .notify_workers(&*system_params_controller.params.read().await)
+                    .await;
+            }
+        });
+
+        (join_handle, shutdown_tx)
+    }
+
+    // Notify workers of parameter change.
+    async fn notify_workers(&self, params: &PbSystemParams) {
+        self.notification_manager
+            .notify_frontend(Operation::Update, Info::SystemParams(params.clone()))
+            .await;
+        self.notification_manager
+            .notify_compute(Operation::Update, Info::SystemParams(params.clone()))
+            .await;
+        self.notification_manager
+            .notify_compactor(Operation::Update, Info::SystemParams(params.clone()))
+            .await;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::system_param::system_params_for_test;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::manager::MetaSrvEnv;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+    async fn test_system_params() {
+        let env = MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await;
+        let meta_store = env.sql_meta_store().unwrap();
+        let init_params = system_params_for_test();
+
+        // init system parameter controller as first launch.
+        let system_param_ctl = SystemParamsController::new(
+            meta_store.clone(),
+            env.notification_manager_ref(),
+            init_params.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        let params = system_param_ctl.get_pb_params().await;
+        assert_eq!(params, system_params_for_test());
+
+        // set parameter.
+        let new_params = system_param_ctl
+            .set_param("pause_on_next_bootstrap", Some("true".into()))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // insert deprecated params.
+        let deprecated_param = system_parameter::ActiveModel {
+            name: ActiveValue::Set("deprecated_param".into()),
+            value: ActiveValue::Set("foo".into()),
+            is_mutable: ActiveValue::Set(true),
+            description: ActiveValue::Set(None),
+        };
+        deprecated_param.insert(&system_param_ctl.db).await.unwrap();
+
+        // init system parameter controller as not first launch.
+        let system_param_ctl = SystemParamsController::new(
+            meta_store,
+            env.notification_manager_ref(),
+            init_params.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        // check deprecated params are cleaned up.
+        assert!(SystemParameter::find_by_id("deprecated_param".to_string())
+            .one(&system_param_ctl.db)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_none());
+        // check new params are set.
+        let params = system_param_ctl.get_pb_params().await;
+        assert_eq!(params, new_params);
+        // check db consistency.
+        let models = SystemParameter::find()
+            .all(&system_param_ctl.db)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let db_params = system_params_from_db(models).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(db_params, new_params);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9e2e75f9eb10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use model_migration::WithQuery;
+use sea_orm::sea_query::{
+    Alias, CommonTableExpression, Expr, Query, SelectStatement, UnionType, WithClause,
+};
+use sea_orm::{ColumnTrait, JoinType, Order};
+
+use crate::model_v2::object_dependency;
+use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
+
+/// This function will construct a query using recursive cte to find all objects that are used by the given object.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use risingwave_meta::controller::utils::construct_obj_dependency_query;
+/// use sea_orm::sea_query::*;
+/// use sea_orm::*;
+///
+/// let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(1, "used_by");
+///
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE `used_by_object_ids` (`used_by`) AS (SELECT `used_by` FROM `object_dependency` WHERE `object_dependency`.`oid` = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT `object_dependency`.`used_by` FROM `object_dependency` INNER JOIN `used_by_object_ids` ON `used_by_object_ids`.`used_by` = `oid`)) SELECT DISTINCT `used_by` FROM `used_by_object_ids` ORDER BY `used_by` DESC"#
+/// );
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid")) SELECT DISTINCT "used_by" FROM "used_by_object_ids" ORDER BY "used_by" DESC"#
+/// );
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid") SELECT DISTINCT "used_by" FROM "used_by_object_ids" ORDER BY "used_by" DESC"#
+/// );
+/// ```
+pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: i32, column: &str) -> WithQuery {
+    let cte_alias = Alias::new("used_by_object_ids");
+    let cte_return_alias = Alias::new(column);
+
+    let base_query = SelectStatement::new()
+        .column(object_dependency::Column::UsedBy)
+        .from(ObjectDependency)
+        .and_where(object_dependency::Column::Oid.eq(obj_id))
+        .to_owned();
+
+    let cte_referencing = Query::select()
+        .column((ObjectDependency, object_dependency::Column::UsedBy))
+        .from(ObjectDependency)
+        .join(
+            JoinType::InnerJoin,
+            cte_alias.clone(),
+            Expr::col((cte_alias.clone(), cte_return_alias.clone()))
+                .equals(object_dependency::Column::Oid),
+        )
+        .to_owned();
+
+    let common_table_expr = CommonTableExpression::new()
+        .query(
+            base_query
+                .clone()
+                .union(UnionType::All, cte_referencing)
+                .to_owned(),
+        )
+        .column(cte_return_alias.clone())
+        .table_name(cte_alias.clone())
+        .to_owned();
+
+    SelectStatement::new()
+        .distinct()
+        .column(cte_return_alias.clone())
+        .from(cte_alias)
+        .order_by(cte_return_alias.clone(), Order::Desc)
+        .to_owned()
+        .with(
+            WithClause::new()
+                .recursive(true)
+                .cte(common_table_expr)
+                .to_owned(),
+        )
+        .to_owned()
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index 92d3c571f57c5..f214f359cbcbb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -36,17 +36,20 @@
 
 pub mod backup_restore;
 mod barrier;
+pub mod controller;
 #[cfg(not(madsim))] // no need in simulation test
 mod dashboard;
 mod error;
 pub mod hummock;
 pub mod manager;
 pub mod model;
+pub mod model_v2;
 mod rpc;
 pub(crate) mod serving;
 pub mod storage;
 mod stream;
 pub(crate) mod telemetry;
+
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use clap::Parser;
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
 pub use rpc::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
 
 use crate::manager::MetaOpts;
-use crate::rpc::server::{rpc_serve, AddressInfo, MetaStoreBackend};
+use crate::rpc::server::{rpc_serve, AddressInfo, MetaStoreBackend, MetaStoreSqlBackend};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser, OverrideConfig)]
 #[command(version, about = "The central metadata management service")]
@@ -99,6 +102,10 @@ pub struct MetaNodeOpts {
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_PASSWORD", default_value = "")]
     etcd_password: String,
 
+    /// Endpoint of the SQL service, make it non-option when SQL service is required.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_SQL_ENDPOINT")]
+    sql_endpoint: Option<String>,
+
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH")]
     dashboard_ui_path: Option<String>,
 
@@ -219,6 +226,9 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
             },
             MetaBackend::Mem => MetaStoreBackend::Mem,
         };
+        let sql_backend = opts
+            .sql_endpoint
+            .map(|endpoint| MetaStoreSqlBackend { endpoint });
 
         validate_config(&config);
 
@@ -248,6 +258,7 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
         let (mut join_handle, leader_lost_handle, shutdown_send) = rpc_serve(
             add_info,
             backend,
+            sql_backend,
             max_heartbeat_interval,
             config.meta.meta_leader_lease_secs,
             MetaOpts {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
index 40f81dbfd7a64..2b3ff0c525da1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use risingwave_common::config::{CompactionConfig, DefaultParallelism};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, StreamClientPool, StreamClientPoolRef};
+use sea_orm::EntityTrait;
 
 use super::{SystemParamsManager, SystemParamsManagerRef};
+use crate::controller::system_param::{SystemParamsController, SystemParamsControllerRef};
+use crate::controller::SqlMetaStore;
 use crate::manager::{
     IdGeneratorManager, IdGeneratorManagerRef, IdleManager, IdleManagerRef, NotificationManager,
     NotificationManagerRef,
 };
 use crate::model::ClusterId;
+use crate::model_v2::prelude::Cluster;
 use crate::storage::MetaStoreRef;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
 use crate::storage::{MemStore, MetaStoreBoxExt};
@@ -40,6 +44,9 @@ pub struct MetaSrvEnv {
     /// meta store.
     meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
 
+    /// sql meta store.
+    meta_store_sql: Option<SqlMetaStore>,
+
     /// notification manager.
     notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef,
 
@@ -52,6 +59,9 @@ pub struct MetaSrvEnv {
     /// system param manager.
     system_params_manager: SystemParamsManagerRef,
 
+    /// system param controller.
+    system_params_controller: Option<SystemParamsControllerRef>,
+
     /// Unique identifier of the cluster.
     cluster_id: ClusterId,
 
@@ -205,13 +215,14 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
         opts: MetaOpts,
         init_system_params: SystemParams,
         meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
+        meta_store_sql: Option<SqlMetaStore>,
     ) -> MetaResult<Self> {
         // change to sync after refactor `IdGeneratorManager::new` sync.
         let id_gen_manager = Arc::new(IdGeneratorManager::new(meta_store.clone()).await);
         let stream_client_pool = Arc::new(StreamClientPool::default());
         let notification_manager = Arc::new(NotificationManager::new(meta_store.clone()).await);
         let idle_manager = Arc::new(IdleManager::new(opts.max_idle_ms));
-        let (cluster_id, cluster_first_launch) =
+        let (mut cluster_id, cluster_first_launch) =
             if let Some(id) = ClusterId::from_meta_store(&meta_store).await? {
                 (id, false)
             } else {
@@ -221,21 +232,41 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
             SystemParamsManager::new(
                 meta_store.clone(),
                 notification_manager.clone(),
-                init_system_params,
+                init_system_params.clone(),
                 cluster_first_launch,
             )
             .await?,
         );
+        let system_params_controller = match &meta_store_sql {
+            Some(store) => {
+                cluster_id = Cluster::find()
+                    .one(&store.conn)
+                    .await?
+                    .map(|c| c.cluster_id.to_string().into())
+                    .unwrap();
+                Some(Arc::new(
+                    SystemParamsController::new(
+                        store.clone(),
+                        notification_manager.clone(),
+                        init_system_params,
+                    )
+                    .await?,
+                ))
+            }
+            None => None,
+        };
 
         let connector_client = ConnectorClient::try_new(opts.connector_rpc_endpoint.as_ref()).await;
 
         Ok(Self {
             id_gen_manager,
             meta_store,
+            meta_store_sql,
             notification_manager,
             stream_client_pool,
             idle_manager,
             system_params_manager,
+            system_params_controller,
             cluster_id,
             cluster_first_launch,
             connector_client,
@@ -251,6 +282,10 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
         &self.meta_store
     }
 
+    pub fn sql_meta_store(&self) -> Option<SqlMetaStore> {
+        self.meta_store_sql.clone()
+    }
+
     pub fn id_gen_manager_ref(&self) -> IdGeneratorManagerRef {
         self.id_gen_manager.clone()
     }
@@ -283,6 +318,14 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
         self.system_params_manager.deref()
     }
 
+    pub fn system_params_controller_ref(&self) -> Option<SystemParamsControllerRef> {
+        self.system_params_controller.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn system_params_controller(&self) -> Option<&SystemParamsControllerRef> {
+        self.system_params_controller.as_ref()
+    }
+
     pub fn stream_client_pool_ref(&self) -> StreamClientPoolRef {
         self.stream_client_pool.clone()
     }
@@ -314,6 +357,11 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
     pub async fn for_test_opts(opts: Arc<MetaOpts>) -> Self {
         // change to sync after refactor `IdGeneratorManager::new` sync.
         let meta_store = MemStore::default().into_ref();
+        #[cfg(madsim)]
+        let meta_store_sql: Option<SqlMetaStore> = None;
+        #[cfg(not(madsim))]
+        let meta_store_sql = Some(SqlMetaStore::for_test().await);
+
         let id_gen_manager = Arc::new(IdGeneratorManager::new(meta_store.clone()).await);
         let notification_manager = Arc::new(NotificationManager::new(meta_store.clone()).await);
         let stream_client_pool = Arc::new(StreamClientPool::default());
@@ -329,14 +377,29 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
             .await
             .unwrap(),
         );
+        let system_params_controller = if let Some(store) = &meta_store_sql {
+            Some(Arc::new(
+                SystemParamsController::new(
+                    store.clone(),
+                    notification_manager.clone(),
+                    risingwave_common::system_param::system_params_for_test(),
+                )
+                .await
+                .unwrap(),
+            ))
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
 
         Self {
             id_gen_manager,
             meta_store,
+            meta_store_sql,
             notification_manager,
             stream_client_pool,
             idle_manager,
             system_params_manager,
+            system_params_controller,
             cluster_id,
             cluster_first_launch,
             connector_client: None,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
index 6f787dba23d09..760c24e0df7bc 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
@@ -33,3 +33,5 @@ pub(crate) use notification::*;
 pub use notification::{LocalNotification, MessageStatus, NotificationManagerRef};
 pub(crate) use streaming_job::*;
 pub(crate) use system_param::*;
+
+pub use super::model_v2::prelude;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/README.md b/src/meta/src/model_v2/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..25c22a4f566e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# How to define changes between versions and generate migration and model files
+
+- Generate a new migration file and apply it to the database, check [migration](./migration/README.md) for more details. Let's take a local PG database as an example(`postgres://postgres:@localhost:5432/postgres`):
+    ```sh
+    export DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:@localhost:5432/postgres;
+    cargo run -- generate MIGRATION_NAME
+    cargo run -- up
+    ```
+  - Define tables, indexes, foreign keys in the file. The new generated file will include a sample migration script,
+  you can replace it with your own migration scripts, like defining or changing tables, indexes, foreign keys and other
+  dml operation to do data correctness etc. Check [writing-migration](https://www.sea-ql.org/SeaORM/docs/migration/writing-migration/)
+  for more details.
+  ```rust
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
+        async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        // Replace the sample below with your own migration scripts
+        todo!();
+      }
+
+      async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+          // Replace the sample below with your own migration scripts
+          todo!();
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+- Apply migration, and generate model files for new tables and indexes from the database, so you don't need to write them manually,
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- up
+    sea-orm-cli generate entity -u postgres://postgres:@localhost:5432/postgres -s public -o {target_dir}
+    cp {target_dir}/xxx.rs src/meta/src/model_v2/
+    ```
+- Defines enum and array types in the model files, since they're basically only supported in PG, and we need to
+  define them in the model files manually. For example:
+  ```rust
+  // We define integer array typed fields as json and derive it using the follow one.
+  #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+  pub struct I32Array(pub Vec<i32>);
+
+  // We define enum typed fields as string and derive it using the follow one.
+  #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+  #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+  pub enum WorkerStatus {
+  #[sea_orm(string_value = "STARTING")]
+  Starting,
+  #[sea_orm(string_value = "RUNNING")]
+  Running,
+  }
+  ```
+- Define other helper functions in the model files if necessary.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/actor.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/actor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8fecb3046b1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/actor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "actor")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub actor_id: i32,
+    pub fragment_id: i32,
+    pub status: Option<String>,
+    pub splits: Option<Json>,
+    pub parallel_unit_id: i32,
+    pub upstream_actor_ids: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub dispatchers: Option<Json>,
+    pub vnode_bitmap: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::fragment::Entity",
+        from = "Column::FragmentId",
+        to = "super::fragment::Column::FragmentId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Fragment,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::fragment::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Fragment.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/cluster.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..36cdb449046bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/cluster.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "cluster")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub cluster_id: Uuid,
+    pub created_at: DateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6f56002780411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "connection")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub connection_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub info: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::ConnectionId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
+    Sink,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
+    Source,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Sink.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Source.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dca87c32b9f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "database")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    #[sea_orm(unique)]
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::connection::Entity")]
+    Connection,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::function::Entity")]
+    Function,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
+    Index,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::schema::Entity")]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
+    Sink,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
+    Source,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::view::Entity")]
+    View,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Connection.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::function::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Function.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::index::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Index.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Sink.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Source.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Table.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::view::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::View.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b56991ffd26f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "election_leader")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub service: String,
+    pub id: String,
+    pub last_heartbeat: DateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4c441d5aa0b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "election_member")]
+pub struct Model {
+    pub service: String,
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub id: String,
+    pub last_heartbeat: DateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/fragment.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/fragment.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9263dd99eabb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/fragment.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "fragment")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub fragment_id: i32,
+    pub table_id: i32,
+    pub fragment_type_mask: i32,
+    pub distribution_type: String,
+    pub stream_node: Json,
+    pub vnode_mapping: Option<Json>,
+    pub state_table_ids: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub upstream_fragment_id: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub dispatcher_type: Option<String>,
+    pub dist_key_indices: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub output_indices: Option<I32Array>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::actor::Entity")]
+    Actor,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::TableId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::actor::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Actor.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e60f9ea5a2bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "function")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub function_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub arg_types: Option<Json>,
+    pub return_type: Option<String>,
+    pub language: Option<String>,
+    pub link: Option<String>,
+    pub identifier: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::FunctionId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4cd3cf212a03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "index")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub index_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub index_table_id: i32,
+    pub primary_table_id: i32,
+    pub index_items: Option<Json>,
+    pub original_columns: Option<I32Array>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::IndexId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::table::Entity",
+        from = "Column::IndexTableId",
+        to = "super::table::Column::TableId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Table2,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::table::Entity",
+        from = "Column::PrimaryTableId",
+        to = "super::table::Column::TableId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Table1,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d5d51d77da909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "model_migration"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+
+[lib]
+name = "model_migration"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+async-std = { version = "1", features = ["attributes", "tokio1"] }
+uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"] }
+
+[dependencies.sea-orm-migration]
+version = "0.12.0"
+features = ["sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "with-uuid"]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/README.md b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3b438d89e31c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Running Migrator CLI
+
+- Generate a new migration file
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- generate MIGRATION_NAME
+    ```
+- Apply all pending migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run
+    ```
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- up
+    ```
+- Apply first 10 pending migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- up -n 10
+    ```
+- Rollback last applied migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- down
+    ```
+- Rollback last 10 applied migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- down -n 10
+    ```
+- Drop all tables from the database, then reapply all migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- fresh
+    ```
+- Rollback all applied migrations, then reapply all migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- refresh
+    ```
+- Rollback all applied migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- reset
+    ```
+- Check the status of all migrations
+    ```sh
+    cargo run -- status
+    ```
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6f5c6f3a041ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+pub use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;
+
+mod m20230908_072257_init;
+
+pub struct Migrator;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl MigratorTrait for Migrator {
+    fn migrations() -> Vec<Box<dyn MigrationTrait>> {
+        vec![Box::new(m20230908_072257_init::Migration)]
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e5a07e8c87574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1152 @@
+use sea_orm_migration::prelude::{Index as MigrationIndex, Table as MigrationTable, *};
+
+#[derive(DeriveMigrationName)]
+pub struct Migration;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
+    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        // 1. check if the table exists.
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Cluster::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Worker::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(WorkerProperty::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(User::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(UserPrivilege::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Database::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Schema::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Fragment::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Actor::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Table::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Source::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Sink::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Connection::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(View::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Index::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Function::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(Object::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(
+            !manager
+                .has_table(ObjectDependency::Table.to_string())
+                .await?
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !manager
+                .has_table(SystemParameter::Table.to_string())
+                .await?
+        );
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(ElectionLeader::Table.to_string()).await?);
+        assert!(!manager.has_table(ElectionMember::Table.to_string()).await?);
+
+        // 2. create tables.
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Cluster::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Cluster::ClusterId)
+                            .uuid()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Cluster::CreatedAt)
+                            .timestamp()
+                            .default(Expr::current_timestamp())
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Worker::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Worker::WorkerId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .auto_increment()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::WorkerType).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Host).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Port).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Status).string().not_null())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(WorkerProperty::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(WorkerProperty::WorkerId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(WorkerProperty::ParallelUnitIds)
+                            .json()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(WorkerProperty::IsStreaming)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(WorkerProperty::IsServing)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(WorkerProperty::IsUnschedulable)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_worker_property_worker_id")
+                            .from(WorkerProperty::Table, WorkerProperty::WorkerId)
+                            .to(Worker::Table, Worker::WorkerId)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(User::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(User::UserId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .auto_increment(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::IsSuper).boolean().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::CanCreateDb).boolean().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::CanCreateUser).boolean().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::CanLogin).boolean().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::AuthType).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(User::AuthValue).string())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Object::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Object::Oid)
+                            .integer()
+                            .auto_increment()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::ObjType).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::OwnerId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Object::InitializedAt)
+                            .timestamp()
+                            .default(Expr::current_timestamp())
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Object::CreatedAt)
+                            .timestamp()
+                            .default(Expr::current_timestamp())
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_object_owner_id")
+                            .from(Object::Table, Object::OwnerId)
+                            .to(User::Table, User::UserId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(UserPrivilege::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::Id)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .auto_increment(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::UserId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::Oid).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::GrantedBy)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::Actions).string().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(UserPrivilege::WithGrantOption)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_user_privilege_user_id")
+                            .from(UserPrivilege::Table, UserPrivilege::UserId)
+                            .to(User::Table, User::UserId)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_user_privilege_granted_by")
+                            .from(UserPrivilege::Table, UserPrivilege::GrantedBy)
+                            .to(User::Table, User::UserId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_user_privilege_oid")
+                            .from(UserPrivilege::Table, UserPrivilege::Oid)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(ObjectDependency::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ObjectDependency::Id)
+                            .integer()
+                            .auto_increment()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(ObjectDependency::Oid).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ObjectDependency::UsedBy)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_object_dependency_oid")
+                            .from(ObjectDependency::Table, ObjectDependency::Oid)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_object_dependency_used_by")
+                            .from(ObjectDependency::Table, ObjectDependency::UsedBy)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Database::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Database::DatabaseId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Database::Name)
+                            .string()
+                            .unique_key()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_database_object_id")
+                            .from(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Schema::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::SchemaId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_schema_database_id")
+                            .from(Schema::Table, Schema::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_schema_object_id")
+                            .from(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Fragment::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Fragment::FragmentId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .auto_increment(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::TableId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Fragment::FragmentTypeMask)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Fragment::DistributionType)
+                            .string()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::StreamNode).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::VnodeMapping).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::StateTableIds).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::UpstreamFragmentId).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::DispatcherType).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::DistKeyIndices).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Fragment::OutputIndices).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_fragment_table_id")
+                            .from(Fragment::Table, Fragment::TableId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Actor::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Actor::ActorId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .auto_increment(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::FragmentId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::Status).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::Splits).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::ParallelUnitId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::UpstreamActorIds).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::Dispatchers).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Actor::VnodeBitmap).string())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_actor_fragment_id")
+                            .from(Actor::Table, Actor::FragmentId)
+                            .to(Fragment::Table, Fragment::FragmentId)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Connection::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Connection::ConnectionId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::Info).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_connection_database_id")
+                            .from(Connection::Table, Connection::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_connection_schema_id")
+                            .from(Connection::Table, Connection::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_connection_object_id")
+                            .from(Connection::Table, Connection::ConnectionId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Source::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SourceId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::RowIdIndex).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Columns).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::PkColumnIds).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Properties).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Definition).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SourceInfo).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::WatermarkDescs).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::OptionalAssociatedTableId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::ConnectionId).integer())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_source_database_id")
+                            .from(Source::Table, Source::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_source_schema_id")
+                            .from(Source::Table, Source::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_source_object_id")
+                            .from(Source::Table, Source::SourceId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_source_connection_id")
+                            .from(Source::Table, Source::ConnectionId)
+                            .to(Connection::Table, Connection::ConnectionId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Table::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::TableId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::TableType).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Columns).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Pk).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistributionKey).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::AppendOnly).boolean())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Properties).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::FragmentId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::VnodeColIndex).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ValueIndices).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Definition).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::HandlePkConflictBehavior).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ReadPrefixLenHint).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::WatermarkIndices).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistKeyInPk).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DmlFragmentId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Cardinality).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::CleanedByWatermark).boolean())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Version).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_table_database_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_table_schema_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_view_object_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::TableId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_table_fragment_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::FragmentId)
+                            .to(Fragment::Table, Fragment::FragmentId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_table_dml_fragment_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::DmlFragmentId)
+                            .to(Fragment::Table, Fragment::FragmentId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_table_optional_associated_source_id")
+                            .from(Table::Table, Table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId)
+                            .to(Source::Table, Source::SourceId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Sink::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Columns).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::PkColumnIds).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DistributionKey).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DownstreamPk).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkType).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Properties).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Definition).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::ConnectionId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DbName).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkFromName).string().not_null())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_sink_database_id")
+                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_sink_schema_id")
+                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_sink_object_id")
+                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::SinkId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_sink_connection_id")
+                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::ConnectionId)
+                            .to(Connection::Table, Connection::ConnectionId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(View::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::ViewId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Properties).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Sql).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Columns).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_view_database_id")
+                            .from(View::Table, View::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_view_schema_id")
+                            .from(View::Table, View::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_view_object_id")
+                            .from(View::Table, View::ViewId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Index::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexTableId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::PrimaryTableId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexItems).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::OriginalColumns).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_index_database_id")
+                            .from(Index::Table, Index::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_index_schema_id")
+                            .from(Index::Table, Index::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_index_object_id")
+                            .from(Index::Table, Index::IndexId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_index_index_table_id")
+                            .from(Index::Table, Index::IndexTableId)
+                            .to(Table::Table, Table::TableId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_index_primary_table_id")
+                            .from(Index::Table, Index::PrimaryTableId)
+                            .to(Table::Table, Table::TableId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(Function::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::FunctionId).integer().primary_key())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Name).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ArgTypes).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ReturnType).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Language).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Link).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Identifier).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Kind).json())
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_function_database_id")
+                            .from(Function::Table, Function::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_function_schema_id")
+                            .from(Function::Table, Function::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_function_object_id")
+                            .from(Function::Table, Function::FunctionId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(SystemParameter::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(SystemParameter::Name)
+                            .string()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(SystemParameter::Value).string().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(SystemParameter::IsMutable)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(SystemParameter::Description).string())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(ElectionLeader::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::Service)
+                            .string()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::Id).string().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::LastHeartbeat)
+                            .timestamp()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                MigrationTable::create()
+                    .table(ElectionMember::Table)
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::Service).string().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::Id)
+                            .string()
+                            .primary_key()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::LastHeartbeat)
+                            .timestamp()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        // 3. create indexes.
+        manager
+            .create_index(
+                MigrationIndex::create()
+                    .table(Worker::Table)
+                    .name("idx_worker_host_port")
+                    .unique()
+                    .col(Worker::Host)
+                    .col(Worker::Port)
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        manager
+            .create_index(
+                MigrationIndex::create()
+                    .table(Schema::Table)
+                    .name("idx_schema_database_id_name")
+                    .unique()
+                    .col(Schema::DatabaseId)
+                    .col(Schema::Name)
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        // 4. initialize data.
+        let insert_cluster_id = Query::insert()
+            .into_table(Cluster::Table)
+            .columns([Cluster::ClusterId])
+            .values_panic([uuid::Uuid::new_v4().into()])
+            .to_owned();
+        let insert_sys_users = Query::insert()
+            .into_table(User::Table)
+            .columns([
+                User::Name,
+                User::IsSuper,
+                User::CanCreateUser,
+                User::CanCreateDb,
+                User::CanLogin,
+            ])
+            .values_panic([
+                "root".into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+            ])
+            .values_panic([
+                "postgres".into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+                true.into(),
+            ])
+            .to_owned();
+
+        // Since User table is newly created, we assume that the initial user id of `root` is 1 and `postgres` is 2.
+        let insert_objects = Query::insert()
+            .into_table(Object::Table)
+            .columns([Object::ObjType, Object::OwnerId])
+            .values_panic(["DATABASE".into(), 1.into()])
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // public
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // pg_catalog
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // information_schema
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // rw_catalog
+            .to_owned();
+
+        // Since all tables are newly created, we assume that the initial object id of `dev` is 1 and the schemas' ids are 2, 3, 4, 5.
+        let insert_sys_database = Query::insert()
+            .into_table(Database::Table)
+            .columns([Database::DatabaseId, Database::Name])
+            .values_panic([1.into(), "dev".into()])
+            .to_owned();
+        let insert_sys_schemas = Query::insert()
+            .into_table(Schema::Table)
+            .columns([Schema::SchemaId, Schema::Name, Schema::DatabaseId])
+            .values_panic([2.into(), "public".into(), 1.into()])
+            .values_panic([3.into(), "pg_catalog".into(), 1.into()])
+            .values_panic([4.into(), "information_schema".into(), 1.into()])
+            .values_panic([5.into(), "rw_catalog".into(), 1.into()])
+            .to_owned();
+
+        manager.exec_stmt(insert_cluster_id).await?;
+        manager.exec_stmt(insert_sys_users).await?;
+        manager.exec_stmt(insert_objects).await?;
+        manager.exec_stmt(insert_sys_database).await?;
+        manager.exec_stmt(insert_sys_schemas).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        macro_rules! drop_tables {
+            ($manager:expr, $( $table:ident ),+) => {
+                $(
+                    $manager
+                        .drop_table(
+                            MigrationTable::drop()
+                                .table($table::Table)
+                                .if_exists()
+                                .cascade()
+                                .to_owned(),
+                        )
+                        .await?;
+                )+
+            };
+        }
+
+        // drop tables cascade.
+        drop_tables!(
+            manager,
+            Cluster,
+            Worker,
+            WorkerProperty,
+            User,
+            UserPrivilege,
+            Database,
+            Schema,
+            Fragment,
+            Actor,
+            Table,
+            Source,
+            Sink,
+            Connection,
+            View,
+            Index,
+            Function,
+            Object,
+            ObjectDependency,
+            SystemParameter,
+            ElectionLeader,
+            ElectionMember
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Cluster {
+    Table,
+    ClusterId,
+    CreatedAt,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Worker {
+    Table,
+    WorkerId,
+    WorkerType,
+    Host,
+    Port,
+    Status,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum WorkerProperty {
+    Table,
+    WorkerId,
+    ParallelUnitIds,
+    IsStreaming,
+    IsServing,
+    IsUnschedulable,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum User {
+    Table,
+    UserId,
+    Name,
+    IsSuper,
+    CanCreateDb,
+    CanCreateUser,
+    CanLogin,
+    AuthType,
+    AuthValue,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum UserPrivilege {
+    Table,
+    Id,
+    UserId,
+    Oid,
+    GrantedBy,
+    Actions,
+    WithGrantOption,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Database {
+    Table,
+    DatabaseId,
+    Name,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Schema {
+    Table,
+    SchemaId,
+    Name,
+    DatabaseId,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Fragment {
+    Table,
+    FragmentId,
+    TableId,
+    FragmentTypeMask,
+    DistributionType,
+    StreamNode,
+    VnodeMapping,
+    StateTableIds,
+    UpstreamFragmentId,
+    DispatcherType,
+    DistKeyIndices,
+    OutputIndices,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Actor {
+    Table,
+    ActorId,
+    FragmentId,
+    Status,
+    Splits,
+    ParallelUnitId,
+    UpstreamActorIds,
+    Dispatchers,
+    VnodeBitmap,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+enum Table {
+    Table,
+    TableId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    OptionalAssociatedSourceId,
+    TableType,
+    Columns,
+    Pk,
+    DistributionKey,
+    AppendOnly,
+    Properties,
+    FragmentId,
+    VnodeColIndex,
+    ValueIndices,
+    Definition,
+    HandlePkConflictBehavior,
+    ReadPrefixLenHint,
+    WatermarkIndices,
+    DistKeyInPk,
+    DmlFragmentId,
+    Cardinality,
+    CleanedByWatermark,
+    Version,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Source {
+    Table,
+    SourceId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    RowIdIndex,
+    Columns,
+    PkColumnIds,
+    Properties,
+    Definition,
+    SourceInfo,
+    WatermarkDescs,
+    OptionalAssociatedTableId,
+    ConnectionId,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Sink {
+    Table,
+    SinkId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    Columns,
+    PkColumnIds,
+    DistributionKey,
+    DownstreamPk,
+    SinkType,
+    Properties,
+    Definition,
+    ConnectionId,
+    DbName,
+    SinkFromName,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Connection {
+    Table,
+    ConnectionId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    Info,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum View {
+    Table,
+    ViewId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    Properties,
+    Sql,
+    Columns,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Index {
+    Table,
+    IndexId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    IndexTableId,
+    PrimaryTableId,
+    IndexItems,
+    OriginalColumns,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Function {
+    Table,
+    FunctionId,
+    Name,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
+    ArgTypes,
+    ReturnType,
+    Language,
+    Link,
+    Identifier,
+    Kind,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum Object {
+    Table,
+    Oid,
+    ObjType,
+    OwnerId,
+    InitializedAt,
+    CreatedAt,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum ObjectDependency {
+    Table,
+    Id,
+    Oid,
+    UsedBy,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum SystemParameter {
+    Table,
+    Name,
+    Value,
+    IsMutable,
+    Description,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum ElectionLeader {
+    Table,
+    Service,
+    Id,
+    LastHeartbeat,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum ElectionMember {
+    Table,
+    Service,
+    Id,
+    LastHeartbeat,
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/main.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9354e45ecd198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;
+
+#[async_std::main]
+async fn main() {
+    cli::run_cli(model_migration::Migrator).await;
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8f496b56d1291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::FromJsonQueryResult;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+pub mod prelude;
+
+pub mod actor;
+pub mod cluster;
+pub mod connection;
+pub mod database;
+pub mod election_leader;
+pub mod election_member;
+pub mod fragment;
+pub mod function;
+pub mod index;
+pub mod object;
+pub mod object_dependency;
+pub mod schema;
+pub mod sink;
+pub mod source;
+pub mod system_parameter;
+pub mod table;
+pub mod user;
+pub mod user_privilege;
+pub mod view;
+pub mod worker;
+pub mod worker_property;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct I32Array(pub Vec<i32>);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a2bc1164b631d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum ObjectType {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "DATABASE")]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "SCHEMA")]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "TABLE")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "SOURCE")]
+    Source,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "SINK")]
+    Sink,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "VIEW")]
+    View,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "INDEX")]
+    Index,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "FUNCTION")]
+    Function,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "CONNECTION")]
+    Connection,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "object")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub oid: i32,
+    pub obj_type: ObjectType,
+    pub owner_id: i32,
+    pub initialized_at: DateTime,
+    pub created_at: DateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::connection::Entity")]
+    Connection,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::database::Entity")]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::fragment::Entity")]
+    Fragment,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::function::Entity")]
+    Function,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
+    Index,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::schema::Entity")]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
+    Sink,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
+    Source,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::user::Entity",
+        from = "Column::OwnerId",
+        to = "super::user::Column::UserId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    User,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::user_privilege::Entity")]
+    UserPrivilege,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::view::Entity")]
+    View,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Connection.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::fragment::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Fragment.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::function::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Function.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::index::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Index.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Sink.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Source.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Table.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::user::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::User.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::user_privilege::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::UserPrivilege.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::view::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::View.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b1a0164ff0f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "object_dependency")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub oid: i32,
+    pub used_by: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::Oid",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object2,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::UsedBy",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object1,
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d929fa2a4aece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub use super::actor::Entity as Actor;
+pub use super::cluster::Entity as Cluster;
+pub use super::connection::Entity as Connection;
+pub use super::database::Entity as Database;
+pub use super::election_leader::Entity as ElectionLeader;
+pub use super::election_member::Entity as ElectionMember;
+pub use super::fragment::Entity as Fragment;
+pub use super::function::Entity as Function;
+pub use super::index::Entity as Index;
+pub use super::object::Entity as Object;
+pub use super::object_dependency::Entity as ObjectDependency;
+pub use super::schema::Entity as Schema;
+pub use super::sink::Entity as Sink;
+pub use super::source::Entity as Source;
+pub use super::system_parameter::Entity as SystemParameter;
+pub use super::table::Entity as Table;
+pub use super::user::Entity as User;
+pub use super::user_privilege::Entity as UserPrivilege;
+pub use super::view::Entity as View;
+pub use super::worker::Entity as Worker;
+pub use super::worker_property::Entity as WorkerProperty;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..927989a1e6fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "schema")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::connection::Entity")]
+    Connection,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::function::Entity")]
+    Function,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
+    Index,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
+    Sink,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
+    Source,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::view::Entity")]
+    View,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Connection.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::function::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Function.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::index::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Index.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Sink.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Source.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Table.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::view::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::View.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5501d05387edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum SinkType {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "APPEND_ONLY")]
+    AppendOnly,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "FORCE_APPEND_ONLY")]
+    ForceAppendOnly,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "UPSERT")]
+    Upsert,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "sink")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub sink_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub columns: Option<Json>,
+    pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
+    pub distribution_key: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub downstream_pk: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub sink_type: SinkType,
+    pub properties: Option<Json>,
+    pub definition: String,
+    pub connection_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub db_name: String,
+    pub sink_from_name: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::connection::Entity",
+        from = "Column::ConnectionId",
+        to = "super::connection::Column::ConnectionId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Connection,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SinkId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Connection.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f498bd643da8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "source")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub source_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub row_id_index: Option<String>,
+    pub columns: Option<Json>,
+    pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
+    pub properties: Option<Json>,
+    pub definition: Option<String>,
+    pub source_info: Option<Json>,
+    pub watermark_descs: Option<Json>,
+    pub optional_associated_table_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub connection_id: Option<i32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::connection::Entity",
+        from = "Column::ConnectionId",
+        to = "super::connection::Column::ConnectionId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Connection,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SourceId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
+    Table,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Connection.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Table.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/system_parameter.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/system_parameter.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..366c3f743187b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/system_parameter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "system_parameter")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub name: String,
+    pub value: String,
+    pub is_mutable: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9b43272358d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "table")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub table_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub optional_associated_source_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub table_type: Option<String>,
+    pub columns: Option<Json>,
+    pub pk: Option<Json>,
+    pub distribution_key: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub append_only: Option<bool>,
+    pub properties: Option<Json>,
+    pub fragment_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub vnode_col_index: Option<i32>,
+    pub value_indices: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub definition: Option<String>,
+    pub handle_pk_conflict_behavior: Option<i32>,
+    pub read_prefix_len_hint: Option<i32>,
+    pub watermark_indices: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub dist_key_in_pk: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub dml_fragment_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub cardinality: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub cleaned_by_watermark: Option<bool>,
+    pub version: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::fragment::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DmlFragmentId",
+        to = "super::fragment::Column::FragmentId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Fragment2,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::fragment::Entity",
+        from = "Column::FragmentId",
+        to = "super::fragment::Column::FragmentId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Fragment1,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::TableId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::source::Entity",
+        from = "Column::OptionalAssociatedSourceId",
+        to = "super::source::Column::SourceId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Source,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Source.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b37316684470e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "user")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub user_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub is_super: bool,
+    pub can_create_db: bool,
+    pub can_create_user: bool,
+    pub can_login: bool,
+    pub auth_type: Option<String>,
+    pub auth_value: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::object::Entity")]
+    Object,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4079323904994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "user_privilege")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub id: i32,
+    pub user_id: i32,
+    pub oid: i32,
+    pub granted_by: i32,
+    pub actions: String,
+    pub with_grant_option: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::Oid",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::user::Entity",
+        from = "Column::GrantedBy",
+        to = "super::user::Column::UserId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    User2,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::user::Entity",
+        from = "Column::UserId",
+        to = "super::user::Column::UserId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    User1,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b0689e56afeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "view")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub view_id: i32,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub properties: Option<Json>,
+    pub sql: Option<String>,
+    pub columns: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Database,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
+        from = "Column::ViewId",
+        to = "super::object::Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Object,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "NoAction"
+    )]
+    Schema,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Database.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Object.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Schema.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4002b55323a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum WorkerType {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "FRONTEND")]
+    Frontend,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "COMPUTE_NODE")]
+    ComputeNode,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "RISE_CTL")]
+    RiseCtl,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "COMPACTOR")]
+    Compactor,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "META")]
+    Meta,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum WorkerStatus {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "STARTING")]
+    Starting,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "RUNNING")]
+    Running,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "worker")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
+    pub worker_id: i32,
+    pub worker_type: WorkerType,
+    pub host: String,
+    pub port: i32,
+    pub status: WorkerStatus,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::worker_property::Entity")]
+    WorkerProperty,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::worker_property::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::WorkerProperty.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..862733d6f8544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "worker_property")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub worker_id: i32,
+    pub parallel_unit_ids: I32Array,
+    pub is_streaming: bool,
+    pub is_serving: bool,
+    pub is_unschedulable: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "super::worker::Entity",
+        from = "Column::WorkerId",
+        to = "super::worker::Column::WorkerId",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    Worker,
+}
+
+impl Related<super::worker::Entity> for Entity {
+    fn to() -> RelationDef {
+        Relation::Worker.def()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
index 6a8726b8a1695..82d306552a30b 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use either::Either;
 use etcd_client::ConnectOptions;
 use futures::future::join_all;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use model_migration::{Migrator, MigratorTrait};
 use regex::Regex;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::manager::TelemetryManager;
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ use super::service::serving_service::ServingServiceImpl;
 use super::DdlServiceImpl;
 use crate::backup_restore::BackupManager;
 use crate::barrier::{BarrierScheduler, GlobalBarrierManager};
+use crate::controller::system_param::SystemParamsController;
+use crate::controller::SqlMetaStore;
 use crate::hummock::HummockManager;
 use crate::manager::sink_coordination::SinkCoordinatorManager;
 use crate::manager::{
@@ -98,6 +101,11 @@ pub enum MetaStoreBackend {
     Mem,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MetaStoreSqlBackend {
+    pub(crate) endpoint: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct AddressInfo {
     pub advertise_addr: String,
@@ -124,11 +132,24 @@ pub type ElectionClientRef = Arc<dyn ElectionClient>;
 pub async fn rpc_serve(
     address_info: AddressInfo,
     meta_store_backend: MetaStoreBackend,
+    meta_store_sql_backend: Option<MetaStoreSqlBackend>,
     max_cluster_heartbeat_interval: Duration,
     lease_interval_secs: u64,
     opts: MetaOpts,
     init_system_params: SystemParams,
 ) -> MetaResult<(JoinHandle<()>, Option<JoinHandle<()>>, WatchSender<()>)> {
+    let meta_store_sql = match meta_store_sql_backend {
+        Some(backend) => {
+            let mut options = sea_orm::ConnectOptions::new(backend.endpoint);
+            options
+                .max_connections(20)
+                .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
+                .idle_timeout(Duration::from_secs(30));
+            let conn = sea_orm::Database::connect(options).await?;
+            Some(SqlMetaStore::new(conn))
+        }
+        None => None,
+    };
     match meta_store_backend {
         MetaStoreBackend::Etcd {
             endpoints,
@@ -165,6 +186,7 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
             rpc_serve_with_store(
                 meta_store,
                 Some(election_client),
+                meta_store_sql,
                 address_info,
                 max_cluster_heartbeat_interval,
                 lease_interval_secs,
@@ -177,6 +199,7 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
             rpc_serve_with_store(
                 meta_store,
                 None,
+                meta_store_sql,
                 address_info,
                 max_cluster_heartbeat_interval,
                 lease_interval_secs,
@@ -191,6 +214,7 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
 pub fn rpc_serve_with_store(
     meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
     election_client: Option<ElectionClientRef>,
+    meta_store_sql: Option<SqlMetaStore>,
     address_info: AddressInfo,
     max_cluster_heartbeat_interval: Duration,
     lease_interval_secs: u64,
@@ -273,6 +297,7 @@ pub fn rpc_serve_with_store(
 
         start_service_as_election_leader(
             meta_store,
+            meta_store_sql,
             address_info,
             max_cluster_heartbeat_interval,
             opts,
@@ -344,6 +369,7 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_follower(
 /// Returns an error if the service initialization failed
 pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
     meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
+    meta_store_sql: Option<SqlMetaStore>,
     address_info: AddressInfo,
     max_cluster_heartbeat_interval: Duration,
     opts: MetaOpts,
@@ -352,12 +378,31 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
     mut svc_shutdown_rx: WatchReceiver<()>,
 ) -> MetaResult<()> {
     tracing::info!("Defining leader services");
+    if let Some(sql_store) = &meta_store_sql {
+        // Try to upgrade if any new model changes are added.
+        Migrator::up(&sql_store.conn, None)
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to upgrade models in meta store");
+    }
+
     let prometheus_endpoint = opts.prometheus_endpoint.clone();
-    let env = MetaSrvEnv::new(opts.clone(), init_system_params, meta_store.clone()).await?;
+    let env = MetaSrvEnv::new(
+        opts.clone(),
+        init_system_params,
+        meta_store.clone(),
+        meta_store_sql.clone(),
+    )
+    .await?;
     let fragment_manager = Arc::new(FragmentManager::new(env.clone()).await.unwrap());
 
     let system_params_manager = env.system_params_manager_ref();
-    let system_params_reader = system_params_manager.get_params().await;
+    let mut system_params_reader = system_params_manager.get_params().await;
+
+    // Using new reader instead if the controller is set.
+    let system_params_controller = env.system_params_controller_ref();
+    if let Some(ctl) = &system_params_controller {
+        system_params_reader = ctl.get_params().await;
+    }
 
     let data_directory = system_params_reader.data_directory();
     if !is_correct_data_directory(data_directory) {
@@ -572,8 +617,11 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
     );
     let health_srv = HealthServiceImpl::new();
     let backup_srv = BackupServiceImpl::new(backup_manager);
-    let telemetry_srv = TelemetryInfoServiceImpl::new(meta_store.clone());
-    let system_params_srv = SystemParamsServiceImpl::new(system_params_manager.clone());
+    let telemetry_srv = TelemetryInfoServiceImpl::new(meta_store.clone(), env.sql_meta_store());
+    let system_params_srv = SystemParamsServiceImpl::new(
+        system_params_manager.clone(),
+        system_params_controller.clone(),
+    );
     let serving_srv =
         ServingServiceImpl::new(serving_vnode_mapping.clone(), fragment_manager.clone());
     let cloud_srv = CloudServiceImpl::new(catalog_manager.clone(), aws_cli);
@@ -608,9 +656,15 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
         )
         .await,
     );
-    sub_tasks.push(SystemParamsManager::start_params_notifier(
-        system_params_manager.clone(),
-    ));
+    if let Some(system_params_ctl) = system_params_controller {
+        sub_tasks.push(SystemParamsController::start_params_notifier(
+            system_params_ctl,
+        ));
+    } else {
+        sub_tasks.push(SystemParamsManager::start_params_notifier(
+            system_params_manager.clone(),
+        ));
+    }
     sub_tasks.push(HummockManager::hummock_timer_task(hummock_manager.clone()));
     sub_tasks.push(HummockManager::compaction_event_loop(
         hummock_manager,
@@ -693,8 +747,10 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
 
     // Persist params before starting services so that invalid params that cause meta node
     // to crash will not be persisted.
-    system_params_manager.flush_params().await?;
-    env.cluster_id().put_at_meta_store(&meta_store).await?;
+    if meta_store_sql.is_none() {
+        system_params_manager.flush_params().await?;
+        env.cluster_id().put_at_meta_store(&meta_store).await?;
+    }
 
     tracing::info!("Assigned cluster id {:?}", *env.cluster_id());
     tracing::info!("Starting meta services");
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs
index 114c9aa917a68..8d557b401a2ed 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs
@@ -19,16 +19,22 @@ use risingwave_pb::meta::{
 };
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
+use crate::controller::system_param::SystemParamsControllerRef;
 use crate::manager::SystemParamsManagerRef;
 
 pub struct SystemParamsServiceImpl {
     system_params_manager: SystemParamsManagerRef,
+    system_params_controller: Option<SystemParamsControllerRef>,
 }
 
 impl SystemParamsServiceImpl {
-    pub fn new(system_params_manager: SystemParamsManagerRef) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        system_params_manager: SystemParamsManagerRef,
+        system_params_controller: Option<SystemParamsControllerRef>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             system_params_manager,
+            system_params_controller,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -39,8 +45,15 @@ impl SystemParamsService for SystemParamsServiceImpl {
         &self,
         _request: Request<GetSystemParamsRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<GetSystemParamsResponse>, Status> {
-        let params = Some(self.system_params_manager.get_pb_params().await);
-        Ok(Response::new(GetSystemParamsResponse { params }))
+        let params = if let Some(ctl) = &self.system_params_controller {
+            ctl.get_pb_params().await
+        } else {
+            self.system_params_manager.get_pb_params().await
+        };
+
+        Ok(Response::new(GetSystemParamsResponse {
+            params: Some(params),
+        }))
     }
 
     async fn set_system_param(
@@ -48,10 +61,14 @@ impl SystemParamsService for SystemParamsServiceImpl {
         request: Request<SetSystemParamRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<SetSystemParamResponse>, Status> {
         let req = request.into_inner();
-        let params = self
-            .system_params_manager
-            .set_param(&req.param, req.value)
-            .await?;
+        let params = if let Some(ctl) = &self.system_params_controller {
+            ctl.set_param(&req.param, req.value).await?
+        } else {
+            self.system_params_manager
+                .set_param(&req.param, req.value)
+                .await?
+        };
+
         Ok(Response::new(SetSystemParamResponse {
             params: Some(params),
         }))
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs
index b1a9cdec3ef34..7c413406f13e5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs
@@ -14,25 +14,38 @@
 
 use risingwave_pb::meta::telemetry_info_service_server::TelemetryInfoService;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::{GetTelemetryInfoRequest, TelemetryInfoResponse};
+use sea_orm::EntityTrait;
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
+use crate::controller::SqlMetaStore;
 use crate::model::ClusterId;
+use crate::model_v2::prelude::Cluster;
 use crate::storage::MetaStoreRef;
+use crate::MetaResult;
 
 pub struct TelemetryInfoServiceImpl {
     meta_store: MetaStoreRef,
+    sql_meta_store: Option<SqlMetaStore>,
 }
 
 impl TelemetryInfoServiceImpl {
-    pub fn new(meta_store: MetaStoreRef) -> Self {
-        Self { meta_store }
+    pub fn new(meta_store: MetaStoreRef, sql_meta_store: Option<SqlMetaStore>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            meta_store,
+            sql_meta_store,
+        }
     }
 
-    async fn get_tracking_id(&self) -> Option<ClusterId> {
-        ClusterId::from_meta_store(&self.meta_store)
+    async fn get_tracking_id(&self) -> MetaResult<Option<ClusterId>> {
+        if let Some(store) = &self.sql_meta_store {
+            let cluster = Cluster::find().one(&store.conn).await?;
+            return Ok(cluster.map(|c| c.cluster_id.to_string().into()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(ClusterId::from_meta_store(&self.meta_store)
             .await
             .ok()
-            .flatten()
+            .flatten())
     }
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ impl TelemetryInfoService for TelemetryInfoServiceImpl {
         &self,
         _request: Request<GetTelemetryInfoRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<TelemetryInfoResponse>, Status> {
-        match self.get_tracking_id().await {
+        match self.get_tracking_id().await? {
             Some(tracking_id) => Ok(Response::new(TelemetryInfoResponse {
                 tracking_id: Some(tracking_id.into()),
             })),
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 7f3e730b714cd..7758f0799e795 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ lexical-write-float = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["
 lexical-write-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["format", "std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
-log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["kv_unstable", "std"] }
 madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ num-iter = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["i128", "std
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", features = ["i128", "libm"] }
 opentelemetry_api = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
 opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.20", features = ["logs", "metrics"] }
+ordered-float = { version = "3" }
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock", "deadlock_detection"] }
 parking_lot_core = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
@@ -97,6 +98,9 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json", "rustls-tls"] }
 ring = { version = "0.16", features = ["std"] }
 rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
 scopeguard = { version = "1" }
+sea-orm = { version = "0.12", features = ["runtime-tokio-native-tls", "sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite"] }
+sea-query = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["backend-mysql", "backend-postgres", "backend-sqlite", "derive", "hashable-value", "postgres-array", "thread-safe", "with-bigdecimal", "with-chrono", "with-json", "with-rust_decimal", "with-time", "with-uuid"] }
+sea-query-binder = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["postgres-array", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite", "with-bigdecimal", "with-chrono", "with-json", "with-rust_decimal", "with-time", "with-uuid"] }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "raw_value"] }
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
@@ -104,10 +108,11 @@ sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
 signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
-sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["bigdecimal", "chrono", "mysql", "postgres", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "rust_decimal", "sqlite", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "_tls-native-tls", "any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "time", "uuid"] }
 strum = { version = "0.25", features = ["derive"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ itertools = { version = "0.10" }
 lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
-log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["kv_unstable", "std"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
@@ -174,6 +179,7 @@ parking_lot_core = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["dea
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
 phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
+postgres-types = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "with-chrono-0_4", "with-serde_json-1"] }
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1", features = ["span-locations"] }
 prost = { version = "0.11", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
 rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
+rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
 scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "raw_value"] }
@@ -189,10 +196,10 @@ sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
 signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
-sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
-sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline"] }
+sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "_tls-native-tls", "any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "time", "uuid"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
@@ -200,7 +207,9 @@ time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-know
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
+tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
@@ -208,6 +217,7 @@ tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }
 unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
 unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
 url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
+uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
 whoami = { version = "1" }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From 491273ddb2007f5338974268d80889776264887b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 17:41:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 199/430] chore: refine start log (#12567)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/compute/src/lib.rs           | 3 ++-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs              | 3 ++-
 src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs | 6 ++++--
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/lib.rs b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
index ba53ebb2d3aef..04a1b3ba37045 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ pub fn start(opts: ComputeNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>
         validate_opts(&opts);
 
         let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
-        tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
 
         let advertise_addr = opts
             .advertise_addr
@@ -216,6 +215,8 @@ pub fn start(opts: ComputeNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>
         let (join_handle_vec, _shutdown_send) =
             compute_node_serve(listen_addr, advertise_addr, opts).await;
 
+        tracing::info!("Server listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
         for join_handle in join_handle_vec {
             join_handle.await.unwrap();
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index f214f359cbcbb..2e8bd3e3d8f07 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,6 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
                     .collect()
             });
 
-        info!("Meta server listening at {}", listen_addr);
         let add_info = AddressInfo {
             advertise_addr: opts.advertise_addr,
             listen_addr,
@@ -319,6 +318,8 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
+        tracing::info!("Meta server listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
         match leader_lost_handle {
             None => {
                 tokio::select! {
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
index 6cca88f6bfc89..c7ddcd8c22340 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
@@ -109,10 +109,11 @@ pub fn start(opts: CompactorOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
             tracing::info!("Proxy rpc endpoint: {}", opts.proxy_rpc_endpoint.clone());
 
             let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
-            tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
 
             let (join_handle, _shutdown_sender) = shared_compactor_serve(listen_addr, opts).await;
 
+            tracing::info!("Server listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
             join_handle.await.unwrap();
         }),
         None | Some(CompactorMode::Dedicated) => Box::pin(async move {
@@ -120,7 +121,6 @@ pub fn start(opts: CompactorOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
             tracing::info!("meta address: {}", opts.meta_address.clone());
 
             let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
-            tracing::info!("Server Listening at {}", listen_addr);
 
             let advertise_addr = opts
                 .advertise_addr
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ pub fn start(opts: CompactorOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
             let (join_handle, observer_join_handle, _shutdown_sender) =
                 compactor_serve(listen_addr, advertise_addr, opts).await;
 
+            tracing::info!("Server listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
             join_handle.await.unwrap();
             observer_join_handle.abort();
         }),

From 1376e0e054271d2ca9f775fa668015cc9e430cab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 18:51:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 200/430] fix(expr): return error when
 get_window_start_with_offset overflows (#12566)

---
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
index bf6dddfd7bbf9..507bbbd531ac4 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/tumble.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,21 @@
 
 use num_traits::Zero;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Interval, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
-use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 #[inline(always)]
-fn interval_to_micro_second(t: Interval) -> i64 {
-    t.months() as i64 * Interval::USECS_PER_MONTH
-        + t.days() as i64 * Interval::USECS_PER_DAY
-        + t.usecs()
+fn interval_to_micro_second(t: Interval) -> Result<i64> {
+    let checked_interval_to_micro_second = || {
+        (t.months() as i64)
+            .checked_mul(Interval::USECS_PER_MONTH)?
+            .checked_add(
+                (t.days() as i64)
+                    .checked_mul(Interval::USECS_PER_DAY)?
+                    .checked_add(t.usecs())?,
+            )
+    };
+
+    checked_interval_to_micro_second().ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
 #[function("tumble_start(date, interval) -> timestamp")]
@@ -80,15 +88,23 @@ fn get_window_start_with_offset(
     window_size: Interval,
     offset: Interval,
 ) -> Result<i64> {
-    let window_size_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(window_size);
-    let offset_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(offset);
+    let window_size_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(window_size)?;
+    let offset_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(offset)?;
 
     // Inspired by https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-26334
-    let remainder = (timestamp_micro_second - offset_micro_second) % window_size_micro_second;
+    let remainder = timestamp_micro_second
+        .checked_sub(offset_micro_second)
+        .ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?
+        .checked_rem(window_size_micro_second)
+        .ok_or(ExprError::DivisionByZero)?;
     if remainder < 0 {
-        Ok(timestamp_micro_second - (remainder + window_size_micro_second))
+        timestamp_micro_second
+            .checked_sub(remainder + window_size_micro_second)
+            .ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
     } else {
-        Ok(timestamp_micro_second - remainder)
+        timestamp_micro_second
+            .checked_sub(remainder)
+            .ok_or(ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
     }
 }
 
@@ -167,7 +183,7 @@ mod tests {
             let window_size = Interval::from_minutes(5);
             let window_start = get_window_start(timestamp_micro_second, window_size).unwrap();
 
-            let window_size_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(window_size);
+            let window_size_micro_second = interval_to_micro_second(window_size).unwrap();
             let default_window_start = timestamp_micro_second
                 - (timestamp_micro_second + window_size_micro_second) % window_size_micro_second;
 
@@ -180,4 +196,10 @@ mod tests {
         }
         assert_ne!(wrong_cnt, 0);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_window_start_overflow() {
+        get_window_start(i64::MIN, Interval::from_millis(20)).unwrap_err();
+        interval_to_micro_second(Interval::from_month_day_usec(1, 1, i64::MAX)).unwrap_err();
+    }
 }

From 454e72d056a4e9e2db4a13cbef37d591b18ce2f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 19:01:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 201/430] feat: use seperated runtime for source manager
 (#12571)

Signed-off-by: Shanicky Chen <peng@risingwave-labs.com>
---
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs     |  4 ++--
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs | 20 +++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
index f30d8253cb95d..84c88c66a9c6f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ use tokio::sync::{oneshot, watch};
 use tokio::time;
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 
-use crate::rpc::election::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, META_ELECTION_KEY};
+use crate::rpc::election::META_ELECTION_KEY;
 use crate::storage::WrappedEtcdClient;
-use crate::MetaResult;
+use crate::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, MetaResult};
 
 pub struct EtcdElectionClient {
     id: String,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index d6a7377f19928..4608027232a24 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::util::runtime::BackgroundShutdownRuntime;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
     ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SourceEnumeratorInfo, SourceProperties,
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ pub struct SourceManager {
     barrier_scheduler: BarrierScheduler,
     core: Mutex<SourceManagerCore>,
     metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
+    runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
 }
 
 const MAX_FAIL_CNT: u32 = 10;
@@ -496,11 +498,20 @@ impl SourceManager {
         fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
         metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
     ) -> MetaResult<Self> {
+        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+            .thread_name("risingwave-source-manager")
+            .enable_all()
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+
+        let runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime> = Arc::new(runtime.into());
+
         let mut managed_sources = HashMap::new();
         {
             let sources = catalog_manager.list_sources().await;
             for source in sources {
                 Self::create_source_worker_async(
+                    runtime.clone(),
                     env.connector_client(),
                     source,
                     &mut managed_sources,
@@ -534,6 +545,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
             core,
             paused: Mutex::new(()),
             metrics,
+            runtime,
         })
     }
 
@@ -675,6 +687,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
             tracing::warn!("source {} already registered", source.get_id());
         } else {
             Self::create_source_worker(
+                self.runtime.clone(),
                 self.env.connector_client(),
                 source,
                 &mut core.managed_sources,
@@ -687,6 +700,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
     }
 
     fn create_source_worker_async(
+        runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
         connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
         source: Source,
         managed_sources: &mut HashMap<SourceId, ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle>,
@@ -701,8 +715,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
         let source_id = source.id;
 
         let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(&source)?;
-
-        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let handle = runtime.spawn(async move {
             let mut ticker = time::interval(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_INTERVAL);
             ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
 
@@ -745,6 +758,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
     }
 
     async fn create_source_worker(
+        runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
         connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
         source: &Source,
         managed_sources: &mut HashMap<SourceId, ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle>,
@@ -785,7 +799,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                     })??;
             }
 
-            tokio::spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await })
+            runtime.spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await })
         });
 
         managed_sources.insert(

From 9386536d539d8226648e20211d79b127469b697d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 22:19:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 202/430] fix: check kafka reachability without involving spec
 topic (#12569)

Signed-off-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
---
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt                 | 11 +----------
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs                     |  9 +++++++--
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/enumerator/client.rs |  7 +++++++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
index b1b48ce93bead..635c4b3d03a80 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ create table t_kafka (
     v_timestamp timestamp
 );
 
-statement error failed to fetch metadata from kafka
+statement error cannot connect to kafka broker
 create sink sink_non_exist_broker from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
     properties.bootstrap.server = 'make no sense',
@@ -19,15 +19,6 @@ create sink sink_non_exist_broker from t_kafka with (
     type = 'append-only',
 );
 
-statement error topic invalid_topic not found
-create sink sink_non_exist_topic from t_kafka with (
-    connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
-    topic = 'invalid_topic',
-    force_append_only = 'true',
-    type = 'append-only',
-);
-
 # Test create sink with connection
 # Create a mock connection
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index a5a524048bfd1..c2c76dd2b2e88 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -335,12 +335,17 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
         // Try Kafka connection.
         // There is no such interface for kafka producer to validate a connection
         // use enumerator to validate broker reachability and existence of topic
-        let mut ticker = KafkaSplitEnumerator::new(
+        let check = KafkaSplitEnumerator::new(
             KafkaProperties::from(self.config.clone()),
             Arc::new(SourceEnumeratorContext::default()),
         )
         .await?;
-        _ = ticker.list_splits().await?;
+        if !check.check_reachability().await {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "cannot connect to kafka broker ({})",
+                self.config.common.brokers
+            )));
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/enumerator/client.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/enumerator/client.rs
index 06577aa4e3433..2c0d03306366b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/enumerator/client.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/enumerator/client.rs
@@ -342,6 +342,13 @@ impl KafkaSplitEnumerator {
             .set(offset);
     }
 
+    pub async fn check_reachability(&self) -> bool {
+        self.client
+            .fetch_metadata(None, self.sync_call_timeout)
+            .await
+            .is_ok()
+    }
+
     async fn fetch_topic_partition(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<i32>> {
         // for now, we only support one topic
         let metadata = self

From 48b85010e0c773f59d35642e3374b6eadf4b5feb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 08:52:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 203/430] chore: update error message of object storage
 (#12561)

---
 src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
index e25159878f0db..96e58397dfa82 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/mod.rs
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ pub async fn parse_remote_object_store(
         }
         other => {
             unimplemented!(
-                "{} remote object store only supports s3, minio, disk, memory, and memory-shared for now.",
+                "{} remote object store only supports s3, minio, gcs, oss, cos, azure blob, hdfs, disk, memory, and memory-shared.",
                 other
             )
         }

From 6f099ae97269c630864c5d71917d45cef7e95c9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 11:03:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 204/430] fix(citus-cdc): fix publication alter of citus
 connector (#12488)

---
 integration_tests/citus-cdc/create_source.sql | 27 ++++++++++++++-
 .../source/SourceValidateHandler.java         | 12 +++----
 .../source/common/CitusValidator.java         | 34 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../source/common/PostgresValidator.java      |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/CitusValidator.java

diff --git a/integration_tests/citus-cdc/create_source.sql b/integration_tests/citus-cdc/create_source.sql
index 106f7cda8f457..9b69abed873ad 100644
--- a/integration_tests/citus-cdc/create_source.sql
+++ b/integration_tests/citus-cdc/create_source.sql
@@ -20,5 +20,30 @@ CREATE TABLE orders_rw (
     schema.name = 'public',
     table.name = 'orders',
     slot.name = 'orders_dbz_slot',
-    publication.create.enable = 'true'
 );
+
+DROP TABLE orders_rw;
+
+CREATE TABLE orders_rw (
+    o_orderkey bigint,
+    o_custkey bigint,
+    o_orderstatus varchar,
+    o_totalprice decimal,
+    o_orderdate date,
+    o_orderpriority varchar,
+    o_clerk varchar,
+    o_shippriority bigint,
+    o_comment varchar,
+    PRIMARY KEY (o_orderkey)
+) WITH (
+   connector = 'citus-cdc',
+   hostname = 'citus-master',
+   port = '5432',
+   username = 'myuser',
+   password = '123456',
+   database.servers = 'citus-worker-1:5432,citus-worker-2:5432',
+   database.name = 'mydb',
+   schema.name = 'public',
+   table.name = 'orders',
+   slot.name = 'orders_dbz_slot'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
index 38fd23ae1c1aa..18517ebb6dbf3 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceValidateHandler.java
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@
 package com.risingwave.connector.source;
 
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.TableSchema;
-import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.DbzConnectorConfig;
-import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.MySqlValidator;
-import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.PostgresValidator;
-import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.ValidatorUtils;
+import com.risingwave.connector.source.common.*;
 import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
 import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ public static void validateSource(ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest re
 
             case CITUS:
                 ensurePropNotNull(props, DbzConnectorConfig.PG_SCHEMA_NAME);
-                try (var coordinatorValidator = new PostgresValidator(props, tableSchema)) {
+                try (var coordinatorValidator = new CitusValidator(props, tableSchema)) {
                     coordinatorValidator.validateDistributedTable();
                     coordinatorValidator.validateTable();
                 }
@@ -110,13 +107,12 @@ public static void validateSource(ConnectorServiceProto.ValidateSourceRequest re
                 for (String workerAddr : workerServers) {
                     String[] hostPort = StringUtils.split(workerAddr, ':');
                     if (hostPort.length != 2) {
-                        throw ValidatorUtils.invalidArgument(
-                                String.format("invalid database.servers"));
+                        throw ValidatorUtils.invalidArgument("invalid database.servers");
                     }
                     // set HOST for each worker server
                     mutableProps.put(DbzConnectorConfig.HOST, hostPort[0]);
                     mutableProps.put(DbzConnectorConfig.PORT, hostPort[1]);
-                    try (var workerValidator = new PostgresValidator(mutableProps, tableSchema)) {
+                    try (var workerValidator = new CitusValidator(mutableProps, tableSchema)) {
                         workerValidator.validateDbConfig();
                         workerValidator.validateUserPrivilege();
                     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/CitusValidator.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/CitusValidator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..db9a85b548d36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/CitusValidator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector.source.common;
+
+import com.risingwave.connector.api.TableSchema;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class CitusValidator extends PostgresValidator {
+    public CitusValidator(Map<String, String> userProps, TableSchema tableSchema)
+            throws SQLException {
+        super(userProps, tableSchema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void alterPublicationIfNeeded() throws SQLException {
+        // do nothing for citus worker node,
+        // since we created a FOR ALL TABLES publication when creating the connector,
+        // which will replicates changes for all tables in the database, including tables created in
+        // the future.
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/PostgresValidator.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/PostgresValidator.java
index a90ea91de7c01..25aced532112b 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/PostgresValidator.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/common/PostgresValidator.java
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ private void validatePublicationPrivileges() throws SQLException {
         }
     }
 
-    private void alterPublicationIfNeeded() throws SQLException {
+    protected void alterPublicationIfNeeded() throws SQLException {
         String alterPublicationSql =
                 String.format(
                         "ALTER PUBLICATION %s ADD TABLE %s", pubName, schemaName + "." + tableName);

From f869d8b7822383760d58ac48e66d5bafd69cf83e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ZENOTME <43447882+ZENOTME@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 11:43:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 205/430] feat: support iceberg sink upsert mode (#12576)

Co-authored-by: ZENOTME <st810918843@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  58 +-
 Cargo.toml                                    |   4 +-
 ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh        |   3 +-
 e2e_test/iceberg/config.ini                   |   3 -
 e2e_test/iceberg/data.csv                     |   5 -
 e2e_test/iceberg/main.py                      | 114 ++--
 e2e_test/iceberg/pyproject.toml               |   2 +-
 .../iceberg_sink_append_only.slt}             |   0
 .../iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt |  45 ++
 .../test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml   |  38 ++
 .../test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml        |  34 ++
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/array/arrow.rs                 |  35 +-
 src/common/src/array/mod.rs                   |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             | 559 +++++++++++++++---
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |   6 +
 16 files changed, 751 insertions(+), 157 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/data.csv
 rename e2e_test/iceberg/{iceberg_sink_v2.slt => test_case/iceberg_sink_append_only.slt} (100%)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a81b66b8c1548..0dc779d60bed5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -346,6 +346,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "flatbuffers",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arrow-ord"
+version = "46.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "584325c91293abbca7aaaabf8da9fe303245d641f5f4a18a6058dc68009c7ebf"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrow-array",
+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-data",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "arrow-select",
+ "half 2.3.1",
+ "num",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-row"
 version = "46.0.0"
@@ -3834,7 +3849,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "icelake"
 version = "0.0.10"
-source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b#166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b"
+source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2#72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "apache-avro 0.15.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -3842,6 +3857,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
  "arrow-cast",
+ "arrow-ord",
  "arrow-row",
  "arrow-schema",
  "arrow-select",
@@ -3857,7 +3873,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "murmur3",
  "once_cell",
- "opendal",
+ "opendal 0.40.0",
  "ordered-float 3.9.1",
  "parquet",
  "regex",
@@ -5246,6 +5262,39 @@ dependencies = [
  "uuid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "opendal"
+version = "0.40.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ddba7299bab261d3ae2f37617fb7f45b19ed872752bb4e22cf93a69d979366c5"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-compat",
+ "async-trait",
+ "backon",
+ "base64 0.21.3",
+ "bytes",
+ "chrono",
+ "flagset",
+ "futures",
+ "http",
+ "hyper",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "quick-xml 0.29.0",
+ "reqsign",
+ "reqwest",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha2",
+ "tokio",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "openidconnect"
 version = "2.5.1"
@@ -6895,6 +6944,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-cast",
  "arrow-schema",
  "async-trait",
  "auto_enums",
@@ -7152,7 +7202,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "nexmark",
  "nkeys",
  "num-bigint",
- "opendal",
+ "opendal 0.39.0",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
  "prometheus",
@@ -7578,7 +7628,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "madsim-aws-sdk-s3",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "opendal",
+ "opendal 0.39.0",
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
  "spin 0.9.8",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6962c92321d80..e82fb033c48d4 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -107,12 +107,14 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
 tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.3.1" }
 tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.3.1" }
-icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "166a36b1a40a64086db09a0e0f2ed6791cec548b" }
+icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2" }
 arrow-array = "46"
+arrow-cast = "46"
 arrow-schema = "46"
 arrow-buffer = "46"
 arrow-flight = "46"
 arrow-select = "46"
+arrow-ord = "46"
 tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
   "profiling",
   "stats",
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
index 83c0d187d6b3b..c365e417319c2 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ bash ./start_spark_connect_server.sh
 # Don't remove the `--quiet` option since poetry has a bug when printing output, see
 # https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/3412
 "$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry update --quiet
-"$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py
+"$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml
+"$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml
 
 
 echo "--- Kill cluster"
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/config.ini b/e2e_test/iceberg/config.ini
index 6fa1ffbdc6832..bd95eddc5b80e 100644
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/config.ini
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/config.ini
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-[default]
-result = data.csv
-
 [spark]
 url=sc://localhost:15002
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/data.csv b/e2e_test/iceberg/data.csv
deleted file mode 100644
index 77ad8f16dbc9d..0000000000000
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/data.csv
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-1,1,1000,1.1,1.11,1-1,true,2022-03-11,2022-03-11 01:00:00+00:00,2022-03-11 01:00:00
-2,2,2000,2.2,2.22,2-2,false,2022-03-12,2022-03-12 02:00:00+00:00,2022-03-12 02:00:00
-3,3,3000,3.3,3.33,3-3,true,2022-03-13,2022-03-13 03:00:00+00:00,2022-03-13 03:00:00
-4,4,4000,4.4,4.44,4-4,false,2022-03-14,2022-03-14 04:00:00+00:00,2022-03-14 04:00:00
-5,5,5000,5.5,5.55,5-5,true,2022-03-15,2022-03-15 05:00:00+00:00,2022-03-15 05:00:00
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/main.py b/e2e_test/iceberg/main.py
index 304962ef08ccc..fa07aa367a9b3 100644
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/main.py
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
+import argparse
 import configparser
 import subprocess
 import csv
 import unittest
 import time
+import tomli as toml
 from datetime import date
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import timezone
@@ -23,25 +25,6 @@ def strtots(v):
 
 g_spark = None
 
-init_table_sqls = [
-    "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS demo_db",
-    "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table",
-    """
-    CREATE TABLE demo_db.demo_table (
-    id long,
-    v_int int,
-    v_long long,
-    v_float float,
-    v_double double,
-    v_varchar string,
-    v_bool boolean,
-    v_date date,
-    v_timestamp timestamp,
-    v_ts_ntz timestamp_ntz
-    ) TBLPROPERTIES ('format-version'='2');
-    """,
-]
-
 
 def get_spark(args):
     spark_config = args['spark']
@@ -52,54 +35,81 @@ def get_spark(args):
     return g_spark
 
 
-def init_iceberg_table(args):
+def init_iceberg_table(args,init_sqls):
     spark = get_spark(args)
-    for sql in init_table_sqls:
+    for sql in init_sqls:
         print(f"Executing sql: {sql}")
         spark.sql(sql)
 
 
-def init_risingwave_mv(args):
+def init_risingwave_mv(args,slt):
     rw_config = args['risingwave']
-    cmd = f"sqllogictest -p {rw_config['port']} -d {rw_config['db']} iceberg_sink_v2.slt"
+    cmd = f"sqllogictest -p {rw_config['port']} -d {rw_config['db']} {slt}"
     print(f"Command line is [{cmd}]")
     subprocess.run(cmd,
                    shell=True,
                    check=True)
-    time.sleep(60)
+    time.sleep(10)
 
 
-def verify_result(args):
-    sql = "SELECT * FROM demo_db.demo_table ORDER BY id ASC"
+def verify_result(args,verify_sql,verify_schema,verify_data):
     tc = unittest.TestCase()
-    print(f"Executing sql: {sql}")
+    print(f"Executing sql: {verify_sql}")
     spark = get_spark(args)
-    df = spark.sql(sql).collect()
+    df = spark.sql(verify_sql).collect()
     for row in df:
         print(row)
-
-    with open(args['default']['result'], newline='') as csv_file:
-        csv_result = list(csv.reader(csv_file))
-        for (row1, row2) in zip(df, csv_result):
-            print(f"Row1: {row1}, row 2: {row2}")
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[0], int(row2[0]))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[1], int(row2[1]))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[2], int(row2[2]))
-            tc.assertEqual(round(row1[3], 5), round(float(row2[3]), 5))
-            tc.assertEqual(round(row1[4], 5), round(float(row2[4]), 5))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[5], row2[5])
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[6], strtobool(row2[6]))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[7], strtodate(row2[7]))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[8].astimezone(timezone.utc).replace(tzinfo=None), strtots(row2[8]))
-            tc.assertEqual(row1[9], datetime.fromisoformat(row2[9]))
-
-        tc.assertEqual(len(df), len(csv_result))
-
+    rows = verify_data.splitlines()
+    tc.assertEqual(len(df), len(rows))
+    for (row1, row2) in zip(df, rows):
+        print(f"Row1: {row1}, Row 2: {row2}")
+        row2 = row2.split(',')
+        for idx, ty in enumerate(verify_schema):
+            if ty == "int" or ty == "long":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx], int(row2[idx]))
+            elif ty == "float" or ty == "double":
+                tc.assertEqual(round(row1[idx], 5), round(float(row2[idx]), 5))
+            elif ty == "boolean":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx], strtobool(row2[idx]))
+            elif ty == "date":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx], strtodate(row2[idx]))
+            elif ty == "timestamp":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx].astimezone(timezone.utc).replace(tzinfo=None), strtots(row2[idx]))
+            elif ty == "timestamp_ntz":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx], datetime.fromisoformat(row2[idx]))
+            elif ty == "string":
+                tc.assertEqual(row1[idx], row2[idx])
+            else:
+                tc.fail(f"Unsupported type {ty}")
+
+def drop_table(args,drop_sqls):
+    spark = get_spark(args)
+    for sql in drop_sqls:
+        print(f"Executing sql: {sql}")
+        spark.sql(sql)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    config.read("config.ini")
-    print({section: dict(config[section]) for section in config.sections()})
-    init_iceberg_table(config)
-    init_risingwave_mv(config)
-    verify_result(config)
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Test script for iceberg")
+    parser.add_argument("-t", dest="test_case", type=str, help="Test case file")
+    with open(parser.parse_args().test_case,"rb") as test_case:
+        test_case = toml.load(test_case)
+        # Extract content from testcase
+        init_sqls = test_case['init_sqls']
+        print(f"init_sqls:{init_sqls}")
+        slt = test_case['slt']
+        print(f"slt:{slt}")
+        verify_schema = test_case['verify_schema']
+        print(f"verify_schema:{verify_schema}")
+        verify_sql = test_case['verify_sql']
+        print(f"verify_sql:{verify_sql}")
+        verify_data = test_case['verify_data']
+        drop_sqls = test_case['drop_sqls']
+
+        config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read("config.ini")
+        print({section: dict(config[section]) for section in config.sections()})
+
+        init_iceberg_table(config,init_sqls)
+        init_risingwave_mv(config,slt)
+        verify_result(config,verify_sql,verify_schema,verify_data)
+        drop_table(config,drop_sqls)
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/pyproject.toml b/e2e_test/iceberg/pyproject.toml
index 7b19ed7b044f5..d13be72277592 100644
--- a/e2e_test/iceberg/pyproject.toml
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/pyproject.toml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ authors = ["risingwavelabs"]
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "^3.10"
 pyspark = { version = "3.4.1", extras = ["sql", "connect"] }
-
+tomli = "2.0"
 
 
 [build-system]
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_append_only.slt
similarity index 100%
rename from e2e_test/iceberg/iceberg_sink_v2.slt
rename to e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_append_only.slt
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..646a39cc08e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+statement ok
+set streaming_parallelism=4;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE t6 (id int, v1 int primary key, v2 bigint, v3 varchar);
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv6 AS SELECT * FROM t6;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE SINK s6 AS select mv6.id as id, mv6.v1 as v1, mv6.v2 as v2, mv6.v3 as v3 from mv6 WITH (
+    connector = 'iceberg',
+    type = 'upsert',
+    force_append_only = 'false',
+    database.name = 'demo',
+    table.name = 'demo_db.demo_table',
+    catalog.type = 'storage',
+    warehouse.path = 's3://icebergdata/demo',
+    s3.endpoint = 'http://127.0.0.1:9301',
+    s3.region = 'us-east-1',
+    s3.access.key = 'hummockadmin',
+    s3.secret.key = 'hummockadmin',
+    primary_key = 'v1'
+);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t6 VALUES (1, 1, 2, '1-2'), (1, 2, 2, '2-2'), (1, 3, 2, '3-2'), (1, 5, 2, '5-2'), (1, 8, 2, '8-2'), (1, 13, 2, '13-2'), (1, 21, 2, '21-2');
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t6 VALUES (1, 1, 50, '1-50');
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
+
+statement ok
+DROP SINK s6;
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv6;
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE t6;
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..211407644abec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+init_sqls = [
+    'CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS demo_db',
+    'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+    '''
+    CREATE TABLE demo_db.demo_table (
+    id long,
+    v_int int,
+    v_long long,
+    v_float float,
+    v_double double,
+    v_varchar string,
+    v_bool boolean,
+    v_date date,
+    v_timestamp timestamp,
+    v_ts_ntz timestamp_ntz
+    ) TBLPROPERTIES ('format-version'='2');
+    '''
+]
+
+slt = 'test_case/iceberg_sink_append_only.slt'
+
+verify_schema = ['long', 'int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'string', 'boolean', 'date', 'timestamp', 'timestamp_ntz']
+
+verify_sql = 'SELECT * FROM demo_db.demo_table ORDER BY id ASC'
+
+
+verify_data = """
+1,1,1000,1.1,1.11,1-1,true,2022-03-11,2022-03-11 01:00:00+00:00,2022-03-11 01:00:00
+2,2,2000,2.2,2.22,2-2,false,2022-03-12,2022-03-12 02:00:00+00:00,2022-03-12 02:00:00
+3,3,3000,3.3,3.33,3-3,true,2022-03-13,2022-03-13 03:00:00+00:00,2022-03-13 03:00:00
+4,4,4000,4.4,4.44,4-4,false,2022-03-14,2022-03-14 04:00:00+00:00,2022-03-14 04:00:00
+5,5,5000,5.5,5.55,5-5,true,2022-03-15,2022-03-15 05:00:00+00:00,2022-03-15 05:00:00
+"""
+
+drop_sqls = [
+ 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+ 'DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS demo_db'
+]
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0e0215d37465d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+init_sqls = [
+    'CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS demo_db',
+    'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+    '''
+    CREATE TABLE demo_db.demo_table (
+    id int,
+    v1 int,
+    v2 long,
+    v3 string
+    ) USING iceberg
+    TBLPROPERTIES ('format-version'='2');
+    '''
+]
+
+slt = 'test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt'
+
+verify_schema = ['int','int','long','string']
+
+verify_sql = 'SELECT * FROM demo_db.demo_table ORDER BY id, v1 ASC'
+
+verify_data = """
+1,1,50,1-50
+1,2,2,2-2
+1,3,2,3-2
+1,5,2,5-2
+1,8,2,8-2
+1,13,2,13-2
+1,21,2,21-2
+"""
+
+drop_sqls = [
+ 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+ 'DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS demo_db'
+]
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 92992687c6c2e..982f317cc97ad 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ anyhow = "1"
 arc-swap = "1"
 arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-buffer = { workspace = true }
+arrow-cast = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
 auto_enums = "0.8"
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
index 00d418af0010f..36336ee5f819b 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/arrow.rs
@@ -17,13 +17,44 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use arrow_array::Array as ArrowArray;
-use arrow_schema::{Field, Schema, DECIMAL256_MAX_PRECISION};
+use arrow_cast::cast;
+use arrow_schema::{Field, Schema, SchemaRef, DECIMAL256_MAX_PRECISION};
 use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::types::{Int256, StructType};
-use crate::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+use crate::util::iter_util::{ZipEqDebug, ZipEqFast};
+
+/// Converts RisingWave array to Arrow array with the schema.
+/// This function will try to convert the array if the type is not same with the schema.
+pub fn to_record_batch_with_schema(
+    schema: SchemaRef,
+    chunk: &DataChunk,
+) -> Result<arrow_array::RecordBatch, ArrayError> {
+    if !chunk.is_compacted() {
+        let c = chunk.clone();
+        return to_record_batch_with_schema(schema, &c.compact());
+    }
+    let columns: Vec<_> = chunk
+        .columns()
+        .iter()
+        .zip_eq_fast(schema.fields().iter())
+        .map(|(column, field)| {
+            let column: arrow_array::ArrayRef = column.as_ref().try_into()?;
+            if column.data_type() == field.data_type() {
+                Ok(column)
+            } else {
+                cast(&column, field.data_type())
+                    .map_err(|err| ArrayError::FromArrow(err.to_string()))
+            }
+        })
+        .try_collect::<_, _, ArrayError>()?;
+
+    let opts = arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(chunk.capacity()));
+    arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(schema, columns, &opts)
+        .map_err(|err| ArrayError::ToArrow(err.to_string()))
+}
 
 // Implement bi-directional `From` between `DataChunk` and `arrow_array::RecordBatch`.
 impl TryFrom<&DataChunk> for arrow_array::RecordBatch {
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
index 2c6e72b500311..2a505cddfc5c5 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //! `Array` defines all in-memory representations of vectorized execution framework.
 
 mod arrow;
+pub use arrow::to_record_batch_with_schema;
 mod bool_array;
 pub mod bytes_array;
 mod chrono_array;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 24249531ffbf5..dd2b7e793b634 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -12,18 +12,21 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use arrow_array::RecordBatch;
-use arrow_schema::{DataType as ArrowDataType, Schema as ArrowSchema};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType as ArrowDataType, Schema as ArrowSchema, SchemaRef};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use icelake::catalog::{load_catalog, CATALOG_NAME, CATALOG_TYPE};
+use icelake::io::file_writer::DeltaWriterResult;
 use icelake::transaction::Transaction;
 use icelake::types::{data_file_from_json, data_file_to_json, DataFile};
 use icelake::{Table, TableIdentifier};
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::{to_record_batch_with_schema, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
@@ -31,8 +34,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_metadata::Metadata::Serialized;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_metadata::SerializedMetadata;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
+use serde::de;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
-use serde_json::Value;
 use url::Url;
 
 use super::{
@@ -96,6 +99,28 @@ pub struct IcebergConfig {
 
     #[serde(rename = "s3.secret.key")]
     pub secret_key: String,
+
+    #[serde(
+        rename = "primary_key",
+        default,
+        deserialize_with = "deserialize_string_seq_from_string"
+    )]
+    pub primary_key: Option<Vec<String>>,
+}
+pub(crate) fn deserialize_string_seq_from_string<'de, D>(
+    deserializer: D,
+) -> std::result::Result<Option<Vec<String>>, D::Error>
+where
+    D: de::Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+    let s: Option<String> = de::Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+    if let Some(s) = s {
+        let s = s.to_ascii_lowercase();
+        let s = s.split(',').map(|s| s.trim().to_owned()).collect();
+        Ok(Some(s))
+    } else {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
 }
 
 impl IcebergConfig {
@@ -112,6 +137,22 @@ impl IcebergConfig {
             )));
         }
 
+        if config.r#type == SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
+            if let Some(primary_key) = &config.primary_key {
+                if primary_key.is_empty() {
+                    return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                        "Primary_key must not be empty in {}",
+                        SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
+                    )));
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "Must set primary_key in {}",
+                    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+
         Ok(config)
     }
 
@@ -188,6 +229,12 @@ impl IcebergConfig {
 
         iceberg_configs.insert("iceberg.table.io.bucket".to_string(), bucket);
         iceberg_configs.insert("iceberg.table.io.root".to_string(), root);
+        // #TODO
+        // Support load config file
+        iceberg_configs.insert(
+            "iceberg.table.io.disable_config_load".to_string(),
+            "true".to_string(),
+        );
 
         Ok(iceberg_configs)
     }
@@ -196,6 +243,8 @@ impl IcebergConfig {
 pub struct IcebergSink {
     config: IcebergConfig,
     param: SinkParam,
+    // In upsert mode, it never be None and empty.
+    unique_column_ids: Option<Vec<usize>>,
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for IcebergSink {
@@ -244,14 +293,36 @@ impl IcebergSink {
     }
 
     pub fn new(config: IcebergConfig, param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
-        // TODO(ZENOTME): Only support append-only mode now.
-        if !config.force_append_only {
-            return Err(SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(
-                "Iceberg sink only support append-only mode now."
-            )));
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self { config, param })
+        let unique_column_ids = if config.r#type == SINK_TYPE_UPSERT && !config.force_append_only {
+            if let Some(pk) = &config.primary_key {
+                let mut unique_column_ids = Vec::with_capacity(pk.len());
+                for col_name in pk {
+                    let id = param
+                        .columns
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|col| col.name.as_str() == col_name)
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                "Primary key column {} not found in sink schema",
+                                col_name
+                            ))
+                        })?
+                        .column_id
+                        .get_id() as usize;
+                    unique_column_ids.push(id);
+                }
+                Some(unique_column_ids)
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        Ok(Self {
+            config,
+            param,
+            unique_column_ids,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -268,14 +339,10 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
 
     async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
         let table = self.create_table().await?;
-
-        let inner = IcebergWriter {
-            is_append_only: self.config.force_append_only,
-            writer: table
-                .task_writer()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
-            table,
+        let inner = if let Some(unique_column_ids) = &self.unique_column_ids {
+            IcebergWriter::new_upsert(table, unique_column_ids.clone()).await?
+        } else {
+            IcebergWriter::new_append_only(table).await?
         };
         Ok(CoordinatedSinkWriter::new(
             writer_param
@@ -305,22 +372,105 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
     }
 }
 
-/// TODO(ZENOTME): Just a placeholder, we will implement it later.(#10642)
-pub struct IcebergWriter {
-    is_append_only: bool,
+pub struct IcebergWriter(IcebergWriterEnum);
+
+enum IcebergWriterEnum {
+    AppendOnly(AppendOnlyWriter),
+    Upsert(UpsertWriter),
+}
+
+impl IcebergWriter {
+    pub async fn new_append_only(table: Table) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(IcebergWriterEnum::AppendOnly(
+            AppendOnlyWriter::new(table).await?,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn new_upsert(table: Table, unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(IcebergWriterEnum::Upsert(
+            UpsertWriter::new(table, unique_column_ids).await?,
+        )))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SinkWriter for IcebergWriter {
+    type CommitMetadata = Option<SinkMetadata>;
+
+    /// Begin a new epoch
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        // Just skip it.
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Write a stream chunk to sink
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        match &mut self.0 {
+            IcebergWriterEnum::AppendOnly(writer) => writer.write(chunk).await?,
+            IcebergWriterEnum::Upsert(writer) => writer.write(chunk).await?,
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Receive a barrier and mark the end of current epoch. When `is_checkpoint` is true, the sink
+    /// writer should commit the current epoch.
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Option<SinkMetadata>> {
+        // Skip it if not checkpoint
+        if !is_checkpoint {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
+        let res = match &mut self.0 {
+            IcebergWriterEnum::AppendOnly(writer) => writer.flush().await?,
+            IcebergWriterEnum::Upsert(writer) => writer.flush().await?,
+        };
+
+        Ok(Some(SinkMetadata::try_from(&res)?))
+    }
+
+    /// Clean up
+    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: abort should clean up all the data written in this epoch.
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+struct AppendOnlyWriter {
     table: Table,
     writer: icelake::io::task_writer::TaskWriter,
+    schema: SchemaRef,
 }
 
-impl IcebergWriter {
-    async fn append_only_write(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+impl AppendOnlyWriter {
+    pub async fn new(table: Table) -> Result<Self> {
+        let schema = Arc::new(
+            table
+                .current_table_metadata()
+                .current_schema()
+                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?
+                .clone()
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|err: icelake::Error| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
+        );
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            writer: table
+                .task_writer()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
+            table,
+            schema,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
         let (mut chunk, ops) = chunk.into_parts();
 
         let filters =
             chunk.visibility() & ops.iter().map(|op| *op == Op::Insert).collect::<Bitmap>();
 
         chunk.set_visibility(filters);
-        let chunk = RecordBatch::try_from(&chunk.compact())
+        let chunk = to_record_batch_with_schema(self.schema.clone(), &chunk.compact())
             .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?;
 
         self.writer.write(&chunk).await.map_err(|err| {
@@ -329,11 +479,255 @@ impl IcebergWriter {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<WriteResult> {
+        let old_writer = std::mem::replace(
+            &mut self.writer,
+            self.table
+                .task_writer()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
+        );
+
+        let data_files = old_writer
+            .close()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Close writer fail: {}", err)))?;
+
+        Ok(WriteResult {
+            data_files,
+            delete_files: vec![],
+        })
+    }
 }
 
+struct UpsertWriter {
+    writer: UpsertWriterInner,
+    schema: SchemaRef,
+}
+enum UpsertWriterInner {
+    Partition(PartitionDeltaWriter),
+    Unpartition(UnpartitionDeltaWriter),
+}
+
+impl UpsertWriter {
+    pub async fn new(table: Table, unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let schema = Arc::new(
+            table
+                .current_table_metadata()
+                .current_schema()
+                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?
+                .clone()
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|err: icelake::Error| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
+        );
+        let inner = if let Some(partition_splitter) = table.partition_splitter()? {
+            UpsertWriterInner::Partition(PartitionDeltaWriter::new(
+                table,
+                partition_splitter,
+                unique_column_ids,
+            ))
+        } else {
+            UpsertWriterInner::Unpartition(
+                UnpartitionDeltaWriter::new(table, unique_column_ids).await?,
+            )
+        };
+        Ok(Self {
+            writer: inner,
+            schema,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn partition_ops(ops: &[Op]) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
+        let mut res = vec![];
+        let mut start = 0;
+        let mut prev_op = ops[0];
+        for (i, op) in ops.iter().enumerate().skip(1) {
+            if *op != prev_op {
+                res.push((start, i));
+                start = i;
+                prev_op = *op;
+            }
+        }
+        res.push((start, ops.len()));
+        res
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        let (chunk, ops) = chunk.compact().into_parts();
+        let chunk = to_record_batch_with_schema(self.schema.clone(), &chunk.compact())
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?;
+        let ranges = Self::partition_ops(&ops);
+        for (start, end) in ranges {
+            let batch = chunk.slice(start, end - start);
+            match ops[start] {
+                Op::UpdateInsert | Op::Insert => match &mut self.writer {
+                    UpsertWriterInner::Partition(writer) => writer.write(batch).await?,
+                    UpsertWriterInner::Unpartition(writer) => writer.write(batch).await?,
+                },
+
+                Op::UpdateDelete | Op::Delete => match &mut self.writer {
+                    UpsertWriterInner::Partition(writer) => writer.delete(batch).await?,
+                    UpsertWriterInner::Unpartition(writer) => writer.delete(batch).await?,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<WriteResult> {
+        match &mut self.writer {
+            UpsertWriterInner::Partition(writer) => {
+                let mut data_files = vec![];
+                let mut delete_files = vec![];
+                for res in writer.flush().await? {
+                    data_files.extend(res.data);
+                    delete_files.extend(res.pos_delete);
+                    delete_files.extend(res.eq_delete);
+                }
+                Ok(WriteResult {
+                    data_files,
+                    delete_files,
+                })
+            }
+            UpsertWriterInner::Unpartition(writer) => {
+                let res = writer.flush().await?;
+                let delete_files = res.pos_delete.into_iter().chain(res.eq_delete).collect();
+                Ok(WriteResult {
+                    data_files: res.data,
+                    delete_files,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnpartitionDeltaWriter {
+    table: Table,
+    writer: icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter,
+    unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl UnpartitionDeltaWriter {
+    pub async fn new(table: Table, unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            writer: table
+                .writer_builder()
+                .await?
+                .build_equality_delta_writer(unique_column_ids.clone())
+                .await?,
+            table,
+            unique_column_ids,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, batch: RecordBatch) -> Result<()> {
+        self.writer.write(batch).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete(&mut self, batch: RecordBatch) -> Result<()> {
+        self.writer.delete(batch).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<DeltaWriterResult> {
+        let writer = std::mem::replace(
+            &mut self.writer,
+            self.table
+                .writer_builder()
+                .await?
+                .build_equality_delta_writer(self.unique_column_ids.clone())
+                .await?,
+        );
+        Ok(writer.close(None).await?)
+    }
+}
+
+struct PartitionDeltaWriter {
+    table: Table,
+    writers: HashMap<icelake::types::PartitionKey, icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter>,
+    partition_splitter: icelake::types::PartitionSplitter,
+    unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl PartitionDeltaWriter {
+    pub fn new(
+        table: Table,
+        partition_splitter: icelake::types::PartitionSplitter,
+        unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            table,
+            writers: HashMap::new(),
+            partition_splitter,
+            unique_column_ids,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, batch: RecordBatch) -> Result<()> {
+        let partitions = self.partition_splitter.split_by_partition(&batch)?;
+        for (partition_key, batch) in partitions {
+            match self.writers.entry(partition_key) {
+                Entry::Vacant(v) => {
+                    v.insert(
+                        self.table
+                            .writer_builder()
+                            .await?
+                            .build_equality_delta_writer(self.unique_column_ids.clone())
+                            .await?,
+                    )
+                    .write(batch)
+                    .await?
+                }
+                Entry::Occupied(mut v) => v.get_mut().write(batch).await?,
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete(&mut self, batch: RecordBatch) -> Result<()> {
+        let partitions = self.partition_splitter.split_by_partition(&batch)?;
+        for (partition_key, batch) in partitions {
+            match self.writers.entry(partition_key) {
+                Entry::Vacant(v) => {
+                    v.insert(
+                        self.table
+                            .writer_builder()
+                            .await?
+                            .build_equality_delta_writer(self.unique_column_ids.clone())
+                            .await?,
+                    )
+                    .delete(batch)
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+                Entry::Occupied(mut v) => v.get_mut().delete(batch).await.unwrap(),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<DeltaWriterResult>> {
+        let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(self.writers.len());
+        for (partition_key, writer) in self.writers.drain() {
+            let partition_value = self
+                .partition_splitter
+                .convert_key_to_value(partition_key)?;
+            let delta_result = writer.close(Some(partition_value)).await?;
+            res.push(delta_result);
+        }
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+}
+
+const DATA_FILES: &str = "data_files";
+const DELETE_FILES: &str = "delete_files";
+
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 struct WriteResult {
     data_files: Vec<DataFile>,
+    delete_files: Vec<DataFile>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a SinkMetadata> for WriteResult {
@@ -341,20 +735,45 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a SinkMetadata> for WriteResult {
 
     fn try_from(value: &'a SinkMetadata) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         if let Some(Serialized(v)) = &value.metadata {
-            if let Value::Array(json_values) =
+            let mut values = if let serde_json::Value::Object(v) =
                 serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(&v.metadata).map_err(
                     |e| -> SinkError { anyhow!("Can't parse iceberg sink metadata: {}", e).into() },
-                )?
+                )? {
+                v
+            } else {
+                return Err(anyhow!("iceberg sink metadata should be a object").into());
+            };
+
+            let data_files: Vec<DataFile>;
+            let delete_files: Vec<DataFile>;
+            if let serde_json::Value::Array(values) = values
+                .remove(DATA_FILES)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("icberg sink metadata should have data_files object"))?
+            {
+                data_files = values
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(data_file_from_json)
+                    .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<DataFile>, icelake::Error>>()
+                    .unwrap();
+            } else {
+                return Err(anyhow!("icberg sink metadata should have data_files object").into());
+            }
+            if let serde_json::Value::Array(values) = values
+                .remove(DELETE_FILES)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("icberg sink metadata should have data_files object"))?
             {
-                let data_files = json_values
+                delete_files = values
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(data_file_from_json)
                     .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<DataFile>, icelake::Error>>()
                     .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Failed to parse data file from json: {}", e))?;
-                Ok(WriteResult { data_files })
             } else {
-                Err(anyhow!("Serialized data files should be json array!").into())
+                return Err(anyhow!("icberg sink metadata should have data_files object").into());
             }
+            Ok(Self {
+                data_files,
+                delete_files,
+            })
         } else {
             Err(anyhow!("Can't create iceberg sink write result from empty data!").into())
         }
@@ -365,7 +784,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a WriteResult> for SinkMetadata {
     type Error = SinkError;
 
     fn try_from(value: &'a WriteResult) -> std::result::Result<SinkMetadata, Self::Error> {
-        let json_value = serde_json::Value::Array(
+        let json_data_files = serde_json::Value::Array(
             value
                 .data_files
                 .iter()
@@ -374,6 +793,23 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a WriteResult> for SinkMetadata {
                 .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<serde_json::Value>, icelake::Error>>()
                 .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Can't serialize data files to json: {}", e))?,
         );
+        let json_delete_files = serde_json::Value::Array(
+            value
+                .delete_files
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+                .map(data_file_to_json)
+                .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<serde_json::Value>, icelake::Error>>()
+                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Can't serialize data files to json: {}", e))?,
+        );
+        let json_value = serde_json::Value::Object(
+            vec![
+                (DATA_FILES.to_string(), json_data_files),
+                (DELETE_FILES.to_string(), json_delete_files),
+            ]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect(),
+        );
         Ok(SinkMetadata {
             metadata: Some(Serialized(SerializedMetadata {
                 metadata: serde_json::to_vec(&json_value).map_err(|e| -> SinkError {
@@ -384,58 +820,6 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a WriteResult> for SinkMetadata {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl SinkWriter for IcebergWriter {
-    type CommitMetadata = Option<SinkMetadata>;
-
-    /// Begin a new epoch
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        // Just skip it.
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Write a stream chunk to sink
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_append_only {
-            self.append_only_write(chunk).await
-        } else {
-            return Err(SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(
-                "Iceberg sink only support append-only mode now."
-            )));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Receive a barrier and mark the end of current epoch. When `is_checkpoint` is true, the sink
-    /// writer should commit the current epoch.
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<Option<SinkMetadata>> {
-        // Skip it if not checkpoint
-        if !is_checkpoint {
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-
-        let old_writer = std::mem::replace(
-            &mut self.writer,
-            self.table
-                .task_writer()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
-        );
-
-        let data_files = old_writer
-            .close()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!("Close writer fail: {}", err)))?;
-
-        Ok(Some(SinkMetadata::try_from(&WriteResult { data_files })?))
-    }
-
-    /// Clean up
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: abort should clean up all the data written in this epoch.
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct IcebergSinkCommitter {
     table: Table,
 }
@@ -456,11 +840,10 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for IcebergSinkCommitter {
             .collect::<Result<Vec<WriteResult>>>()?;
 
         let mut txn = Transaction::new(&mut self.table);
-        txn.append_data_file(
-            write_results
-                .into_iter()
-                .flat_map(|s| s.data_files.into_iter()),
-        );
+        write_results.into_iter().for_each(|s| {
+            txn.append_data_file(s.data_files);
+            txn.append_delete_file(s.delete_files);
+        });
         txn.commit()
             .await
             .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index c67fdb8c1983e..808b86fa97982 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -354,6 +354,12 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     Internal(anyhow::Error),
 }
 
+impl From<icelake::Error> for SinkError {
+    fn from(value: icelake::Error) -> Self {
+        SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow_error!("{}", value))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<RpcError> for SinkError {
     fn from(value: RpcError) -> Self {
         SinkError::Remote(anyhow_error!("{}", value))

From f8a024f3111c6369f613aad3adaadaec7c3816d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 12:46:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 206/430] fix(test): temporal join watermark test select eowc
 skipif in-memory and inc sleep time (#12581)

---
 .../streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt   | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt
index d1557ab2fa75d..9479ca6727299 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/temporal_join/temporal_join_watermark.slt
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ select * from temporal_join_mv;
 ----
 1 1 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00
 
+skipif in-memory
 query IIII rowsort
 select * from eowc_mv;
 ----
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ select * from eowc_mv;
 statement ok
 insert into stream values (2, 2, 2, '2023-09-14 06:00:25');
 
-sleep 5s
+sleep 10s
 
 query IIII rowsort
 select * from temporal_join_mv;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ select * from temporal_join_mv;
 1 1 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:00+00:00
 2 2 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:25+00:00
 
-
+skipif in-memory
 query IIII rowsort
 select * from eowc_mv;
 ----
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ select * from eowc_mv;
 statement ok
 insert into stream values (3, 3, 3, '2023-09-14 06:00:45');
 
-sleep 5s
+sleep 10s
 
 query IIII rowsort
 select * from temporal_join_mv;
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ select * from temporal_join_mv;
 2 2 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:25+00:00
 3 3 NULL 2023-09-14 06:00:45+00:00
 
+skipif in-memory
 query IIII rowsort
 select * from eowc_mv;
 ----

From 1faa565a04dde6f01eaeb31bddb04b4b945f3908 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:11:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 207/430] fix(test): prepare connector libs path for iceberg
 sink test (#12579)

---
 ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh
index 41f1ee2a80f26..1a12225ab5435 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 source ci/scripts/common.sh
 
+# prepare environment
+export CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH="./connector-node/libs"
+
 while getopts 'p:' opt; do
     case ${opt} in
         p )

From 8f220de0935e6cd792ec4f21b4ef3ad13bf41f7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:24:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 208/430] feat(sink): await on kafka delivery future on
 QueueFull (#12546)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index c2c76dd2b2e88..ed3cde4846491 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -350,10 +350,14 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     }
 }
 
-/// The delivery buffer queue size
 /// When the `DeliveryFuture` the current `future_delivery_buffer`
-/// is buffering is greater than this size, then enforcing commit once
-const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 65536;
+/// is buffering is greater than `queue_buffering_max_messages` * `KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO`,
+/// then enforcing commit once
+const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO: f32 = 1.2;
+/// The default queue size used to enforce a commit in kafka producer if `queue.buffering.max.messages` is not specified.
+/// This default value is determined based on the librdkafka default. See the following doc for more details:
+/// <https://github.com/confluentinc/librdkafka/blob/1cb80090dfc75f5a36eae3f4f8844b14885c045e/CONFIGURATION.md>
+const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 100000;
 
 struct KafkaPayloadWriter {
     inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
@@ -421,12 +425,27 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
 
         let mut ret = Ok(());
 
-        for _ in 0..self.config.max_retry_num {
+        let max_delivery_buffer_size = (self
+            .config
+            .rdkafka_properties
+            .queue_buffering_max_messages
+            .as_ref()
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or(KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) as f32
+            * KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO) as usize;
+
+        for i in 0..self.config.max_retry_num {
             match self.inner.send_result(record) {
                 Ok(delivery_future) => {
                     // First check if the current length is
                     // greater than the preset limit
-                    while self.future_delivery_buffer.len() >= KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE {
+                    while self.future_delivery_buffer.len() >= max_delivery_buffer_size {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "Number of records being delivered ({}) >= expected kafka producer queue size ({}).
+                            This indicates the default value of queue.buffering.max.messages has changed.",
+                            self.future_delivery_buffer.len(),
+                            max_delivery_buffer_size
+                        );
                         Self::map_future_result(
                             self.future_delivery_buffer
                                 .pop_front()
@@ -442,17 +461,26 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
                 // The enqueue buffer is full, `send_result` will immediately return
                 // We can retry for another round after sleeping for sometime
                 Err((e, rec)) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        "producing message (key {:?}) to topic {} failed, err {:?}.",
+                        rec.key.map(|k| k.to_bytes()),
+                        rec.topic,
+                        e
+                    );
                     record = rec;
                     match e {
-                        err @ KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull)
-                        | err @ KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::MessageTimedOut) => {
+                        KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull) => {
                             tracing::warn!(
-                                "producing message (key {:?}) to topic {} failed, err {:?}, retrying",
-                                record.key.map(|k| k.to_bytes()),
-                                record.topic,
-                                err
+                                "Producer queue full. Delivery future buffer size={}. Await and retry #{}",
+                                self.future_delivery_buffer.len(),
+                                i
                             );
-                            tokio::time::sleep(self.config.retry_interval).await;
+                            Self::map_future_result(
+                                self.future_delivery_buffer
+                                    .pop_front()
+                                    .expect("Expect the future not to be None")
+                                    .await,
+                            )?;
                             continue;
                         }
                         _ => return Err(e),

From dc6865cb358832dd24d13edeb4e4c2e5a60ad023 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:58:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 209/430] fix(storage): fix delete range test timeout (#12568)

---
 src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml          |  5 +--
 .../src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs   | 43 +++++++++++++++++--
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs      |  1 -
 .../src/delete_range_runner.rs                |  4 +-
 4 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml b/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
index 6a1c271dd1448..33313ca092c4d 100644
--- a/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
+++ b/src/config/ci-delete-range-test.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,4 @@ vacuum_interval_sec = 10
 telemetry_enabled = false
 
 [system]
-max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs = 0
-
-[meta.compaction_config]
-level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number = 1000
\ No newline at end of file
+max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs = 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
index 063556ace1839..5bcb6f4faa4d7 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{
     SstObjectIdRange,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::common::{HostAddress, WorkerType};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::TaskStatus;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::{Event, ReportTask};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_response::Event as ResponseEvent;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     compact_task, CompactTask, HummockSnapshot, HummockVersion, SubscribeCompactionEventRequest,
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ impl HummockMetaClient for MockHummockMetaClient {
             .compactor_manager_ref_for_test()
             .add_compactor(context_id);
 
-        let (request_sender, _request_receiver) =
+        let (request_sender, mut request_receiver) =
             unbounded_channel::<SubscribeCompactionEventRequest>();
 
         self.compact_context_id.store(context_id, Ordering::Release);
@@ -232,6 +234,8 @@ impl HummockMetaClient for MockHummockMetaClient {
         let (task_tx, task_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
 
         let hummock_manager_compact = self.hummock_manager.clone();
+        let mut join_handle_vec = vec![];
+
         let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
             loop {
                 let group_and_type = hummock_manager_compact
@@ -270,11 +274,44 @@ impl HummockMetaClient for MockHummockMetaClient {
             }
         });
 
+        join_handle_vec.push(handle);
+
+        let hummock_manager_compact = self.hummock_manager.clone();
+        let report_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            tracing::info!("report_handle start");
+
+            loop {
+                if let Some(item) = request_receiver.recv().await {
+                    if let Event::ReportTask(ReportTask {
+                        task_id,
+                        task_status,
+                        sorted_output_ssts,
+                        table_stats_change,
+                    }) = item.event.unwrap()
+                    {
+                        if let Err(e) = hummock_manager_compact
+                            .report_compact_task(
+                                task_id,
+                                TaskStatus::from_i32(task_status).unwrap(),
+                                sorted_output_ssts,
+                                Some(table_stats_change),
+                            )
+                            .await
+                        {
+                            tracing::error!("report compact_tack fail {e:?}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        join_handle_vec.push(report_handle);
+
         Ok((
             request_sender,
             Box::pin(CompactionEventItemStream {
                 inner: UnboundedReceiverStream::new(task_rx),
-                _handle: handle,
+                _handle: join_handle_vec,
             }),
         ))
     }
@@ -288,7 +325,7 @@ impl MockHummockMetaClient {
 
 pub struct CompactionEventItemStream {
     inner: UnboundedReceiverStream<CompactionEventItem>,
-    _handle: JoinHandle<()>,
+    _handle: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
 }
 
 impl Drop for CompactionEventItemStream {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
index 01f1d992e0b49..d2f36167675e7 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
@@ -408,7 +408,6 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
                     _ = periodic_event_interval.tick() => {
                         let progress_list = get_task_progress(task_progress.clone());
 
-
                         if let Err(e) = request_sender.send(SubscribeCompactionEventRequest {
                             event: Some(RequestEvent::HeartBeat(
                                 HeartBeat {
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index abeae5e418af2..5963d7b33cdea 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ pub fn start_delete_range(opts: CompactionTestOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output
 }
 pub async fn compaction_test_main(opts: CompactionTestOpts) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, NoOverride);
-    let compaction_config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new().build();
+    let compaction_config =
+        CompactionConfigBuilder::with_opt(&config.meta.compaction_config).build();
     compaction_test(
         compaction_config,
         config,
@@ -596,6 +597,7 @@ fn run_compactor_thread(
         await_tree_reg: None,
         running_task_count: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
     };
+
     start_compactor(
         compactor_context,
         meta_client,

From 5ef656133b02ecac5820a87b79123f124d3295fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 16:07:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 210/430] refactor(metric): migrate connector sink metrics to
 cn (#12584)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 | 24 +++++++++++++++----
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 10 ++++++++
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               | 10 +++++---
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  6 +++++
 4 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 808b86fa97982..7ff2509ac3131 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use ::clickhouse::error::Error as ClickHouseError;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramOpts};
+use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericCounter};
+use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramOpts, Opts};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::{anyhow_error, ErrorCode, RwError};
@@ -198,20 +199,23 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SinkMetrics {
     pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram,
+    pub connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
 }
 
-impl Default for SinkMetrics {
-    fn default() -> Self {
+impl SinkMetrics {
+    fn for_test() -> Self {
         SinkMetrics {
             sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram::with_opts(HistogramOpts::new(
                 "unused", "unused",
             ))
             .unwrap(),
+            connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounter::with_opts(Opts::new("unused", "unused"))
+                .unwrap(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SinkWriterParam {
     pub connector_params: ConnectorParams,
     pub executor_id: u64,
@@ -220,6 +224,18 @@ pub struct SinkWriterParam {
     pub sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
 }
 
+impl SinkWriterParam {
+    pub fn for_test() -> Self {
+        SinkWriterParam {
+            connector_params: Default::default(),
+            executor_id: Default::default(),
+            vnode_bitmap: Default::default(),
+            meta_client: Default::default(),
+            sink_metrics: SinkMetrics::for_test(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str;
     type LogSinker: LogSinker;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 52c8487433c1b..20e2b5463ffa6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub barrier_manager_progress: IntCounter,
 
     pub sink_commit_duration: HistogramVec,
+    pub connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
     // Memory management
     // FIXME(yuhao): use u64 here
@@ -697,6 +698,14 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let connector_sink_rows_received = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "connector_sink_rows_received",
+            "Number of rows received by sink",
+            &["connector_type", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let lru_current_watermark_time_ms = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
             "lru_current_watermark_time_ms",
             "Current LRU manager watermark time(ms)",
@@ -860,6 +869,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             barrier_sync_latency,
             barrier_manager_progress,
             sink_commit_duration,
+            connector_sink_rows_received,
             lru_current_watermark_time_ms,
             lru_physical_now_ms,
             lru_runtime_loop_count,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index 11a5ae11e120a..fcdb17a8f1163 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         sink_writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Message> {
+        let sink_metrics = sink_writer_param.sink_metrics.clone();
         let log_sinker = sink.new_log_sinker(sink_writer_param).await?;
 
         let visible_columns = columns
@@ -294,6 +295,9 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             .collect_vec();
 
         let log_reader = log_reader.transform_chunk(move |chunk| {
+            sink_metrics
+                .connector_sink_rows_received
+                .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as u64);
             if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
                 // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
                 // the downstream.
@@ -411,7 +415,7 @@ mod test {
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
             Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
-            SinkWriterParam::default(),
+            SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns.clone(),
             ActorContext::create(0),
@@ -532,7 +536,7 @@ mod test {
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
             Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
-            SinkWriterParam::default(),
+            SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns.clone(),
             ActorContext::create(0),
@@ -650,7 +654,7 @@ mod test {
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
             Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
-            SinkWriterParam::default(),
+            SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns,
             ActorContext::create(0),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index 295a36376b376..d8881ad643f9d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -102,8 +102,14 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
             .sink_commit_duration
             .with_label_values(&[identity.as_str(), connector]);
 
+        let connector_sink_rows_received = stream
+            .streaming_metrics
+            .connector_sink_rows_received
+            .with_label_values(&[connector, &sink_param.sink_id.sink_id.to_string()]);
+
         let sink_metrics = SinkMetrics {
             sink_commit_duration_metrics,
+            connector_sink_rows_received,
         };
 
         match node.log_store_type() {

From 81c83a0ab9a2c60e8b81f32c00a9a99b5558d053 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 16:12:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 211/430] chore(connector): no-build-rust (#12585)

---
 Makefile.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 4c01da30376b0..ea862c94160a3 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ TARGET_PATH="${JAVA_DIR}/connector-node/assembly/target/${ARTIFACT}"
 
 echo "Building connector node..."
 cd "${JAVA_DIR}"
-"${MAVEN_PATH}" --batch-mode --update-snapshots package -Dmaven.test.skip
+"${MAVEN_PATH}" --batch-mode --update-snapshots package -Dmaven.test.skip -Dno-build-rust
 
 rm -rf ${PREFIX_BIN}/connector-node
 mkdir -p "${PREFIX_BIN}/connector-node"

From a8f21ed087930f7806a0bf9c2362c31569a84e1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 17:01:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 212/430] fix(test): fix meta recovery test (#12586)

Co-authored-by: Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
---
 src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
index 5ee314ba6482c..638c2b923776e 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
+++ b/src/storage/backup/integration_tests/common.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function drop_mvs() {
 
 function backup() {
   local job_id
-  job_id=$(${BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE} risectl meta backup-meta 2>&1 | grep "backup job succeeded" | awk '{print $(NF)}')
+  job_id=$(${BACKUP_TEST_RW_ALL_IN_ONE} risectl meta backup-meta 2>&1 | grep "backup job succeeded" | awk -F ',' '{print $(NF-1)}'| awk '{print $(NF)}')
   [ -n "${job_id}" ]
   echo "${job_id}"
 }

From 78b83dfec37014b56a8aaaaf6dfab27c4bcd6005 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 18:50:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 213/430] fix: allow configure message.timeout.ms and
 max.in.flight for kafka sink (#12574)

---
 .../kafka-cdc-sink/risingwave.sql             |  1 -
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               | 72 +++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/kafka-cdc-sink/risingwave.sql b/integration_tests/kafka-cdc-sink/risingwave.sql
index 588731a33940d..fabddc9229e2d 100644
--- a/integration_tests/kafka-cdc-sink/risingwave.sql
+++ b/integration_tests/kafka-cdc-sink/risingwave.sql
@@ -22,6 +22,5 @@ connector = 'kafka',
 properties.bootstrap.server='message_queue:29092',
 topic = 'counts',
 type = 'debezium',
-use_transaction = 'false',
 primary_key = 'id'
 );
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index ed3cde4846491..ca631149cc2ba 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -50,10 +50,6 @@ use crate::{
 
 pub const KAFKA_SINK: &str = "kafka";
 
-const fn _default_timeout() -> Duration {
-    Duration::from_secs(5)
-}
-
 const fn _default_max_retries() -> u32 {
     3
 }
@@ -62,12 +58,16 @@ const fn _default_retry_backoff() -> Duration {
     Duration::from_millis(100)
 }
 
-const fn _default_use_transaction() -> bool {
+const fn _default_force_append_only() -> bool {
     false
 }
 
-const fn _default_force_append_only() -> bool {
-    false
+const fn _default_message_timeout_ms() -> usize {
+    5000
+}
+
+const fn _default_max_in_flight_requests_per_connection() -> usize {
+    5
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Display, Serialize, Deserialize, EnumString)]
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ enum CompressionCodec {
     Zstd,
 }
 
+/// See <https://github.com/confluentinc/librdkafka/blob/master/CONFIGURATION.md>
+/// for the detailed meaning of these librdkafka producer properties
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
@@ -140,6 +142,24 @@ pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
     #[serde(rename = "properties.compression.codec")]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     compression_codec: Option<CompressionCodec>,
+
+    /// Produce message timeout.
+    /// This value is used to limits the time a produced message waits for
+    /// successful delivery (including retries).
+    #[serde(
+        rename = "properties.message.timeout.ms",
+        default = "_default_message_timeout_ms"
+    )]
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    message_timeout_ms: usize,
+
+    /// The maximum number of unacknowledged requests the client will send on a single connection before blocking.
+    #[serde(
+        rename = "properties.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection",
+        default = "_default_max_in_flight_requests_per_connection"
+    )]
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    max_in_flight_requests_per_connection: usize,
 }
 
 impl RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
@@ -171,6 +191,11 @@ impl RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
         if let Some(v) = &self.compression_codec {
             c.set("compression.codec", v.to_string());
         }
+        c.set("message.timeout.ms", self.message_timeout_ms.to_string());
+        c.set(
+            "max.in.flight.requests.per.connection",
+            self.max_in_flight_requests_per_connection.to_string(),
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -193,13 +218,6 @@ pub struct KafkaConfig {
     )]
     pub force_append_only: bool,
 
-    #[serde(
-        rename = "properties.timeout",
-        default = "_default_timeout",
-        deserialize_with = "deserialize_duration_from_string"
-    )]
-    pub timeout: Duration,
-
     #[serde(
         rename = "properties.retry.max",
         default = "_default_max_retries",
@@ -214,12 +232,6 @@ pub struct KafkaConfig {
     )]
     pub retry_interval: Duration,
 
-    #[serde(
-        default = "_default_use_transaction",
-        deserialize_with = "deserialize_bool_from_string"
-    )]
-    pub use_transaction: bool,
-
     /// We have parsed the primary key for an upsert kafka sink into a `usize` vector representing
     /// the indices of the pk columns in the frontend, so we simply store the primary key here
     /// as a string.
@@ -372,7 +384,7 @@ pub struct KafkaSinkWriter {
 }
 
 impl KafkaSinkWriter {
-    pub async fn new(mut config: KafkaConfig, formatter: SinkFormatterImpl) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn new(config: KafkaConfig, formatter: SinkFormatterImpl) -> Result<Self> {
         let inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext> = {
             let mut c = ClientConfig::new();
 
@@ -381,10 +393,7 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
             config.set_client(&mut c);
 
             // ClientConfig configuration
-            c.set("bootstrap.servers", &config.common.brokers)
-                .set("message.timeout.ms", "5000");
-            // Note that we will not use transaction during sinking, thus set it to false
-            config.use_transaction = false;
+            c.set("bootstrap.servers", &config.common.brokers);
 
             // Create the producer context, will be used to create the producer
             let producer_ctx = PrivateLinkProducerContext::new(
@@ -631,6 +640,8 @@ mod test {
             "properties.batch.num.messages".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.batch.size".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
             "properties.compression.codec".to_string() => "zstd".to_string(),
+            "properties.message.timeout.ms".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
+            "properties.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection".to_string() => "114514".to_string(),
         };
         let c = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(props).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -641,6 +652,11 @@ mod test {
             c.rdkafka_properties.compression_codec,
             Some(CompressionCodec::Zstd)
         );
+        assert_eq!(c.rdkafka_properties.message_timeout_ms, 114514);
+        assert_eq!(
+            c.rdkafka_properties.max_in_flight_requests_per_connection,
+            114514
+        );
 
         let props: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
             // basic
@@ -682,12 +698,10 @@ mod test {
             "topic".to_string() => "test".to_string(),
             "type".to_string() => "append-only".to_string(),
             "force_append_only".to_string() => "true".to_string(),
-            "use_transaction".to_string() => "False".to_string(),
             "properties.security.protocol".to_string() => "SASL".to_string(),
             "properties.sasl.mechanism".to_string() => "SASL".to_string(),
             "properties.sasl.username".to_string() => "test".to_string(),
             "properties.sasl.password".to_string() => "test".to_string(),
-            "properties.timeout".to_string() => "10s".to_string(),
             "properties.retry.max".to_string() => "20".to_string(),
             "properties.retry.interval".to_string() => "500ms".to_string(),
         };
@@ -696,8 +710,6 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(config.common.topic, "test");
         assert_eq!(config.r#type, "append-only");
         assert!(config.force_append_only);
-        assert!(!config.use_transaction);
-        assert_eq!(config.timeout, Duration::from_secs(10));
         assert_eq!(config.max_retry_num, 20);
         assert_eq!(config.retry_interval, Duration::from_millis(500));
 
@@ -710,8 +722,6 @@ mod test {
         };
         let config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties).unwrap();
         assert!(!config.force_append_only);
-        assert!(!config.use_transaction);
-        assert_eq!(config.timeout, Duration::from_secs(5));
         assert_eq!(config.max_retry_num, 3);
         assert_eq!(config.retry_interval, Duration::from_millis(100));
 

From 31aac5a9496ceed949e34966867e59dffd5a8621 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 11:16:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 214/430] refactor(ci): simplify sqlsmith workflow (#12592)

---
 ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh    |  9 +++++--
 ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh      | 32 ++++++++++++------------
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml   | 15 ++++++++++++
 ci/workflows/sqlsmith-tests.yml | 43 ---------------------------------
 4 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 ci/workflows/sqlsmith-tests.yml

diff --git a/ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh b/ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh
index f12e3063a5a3b..c58f074decdf1 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@
 set -euo pipefail
 
 source ci/scripts/common.sh
-export RUN_SQLSMITH=0
-export RUN_SQLSMITH_FRONTEND=1
+
+# NOTE(kwannoel): Disabled because there's some breakage after #12485,
+# see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12577.
+# Frontend is relatively stable, e2e fuzz test will cover the same cases also,
+# so we can just disable it.
+export RUN_SQLSMITH_FRONTEND=0
+export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
 export SQLSMITH_COUNT=1000
 export TEST_NUM=100
 source ci/scripts/run-fuzz-test.sh
diff --git a/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh b/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
index bbf8471864e9e..ad4b8270fb5dc 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
@@ -16,24 +16,26 @@ NOT_MATCHES="\.md"
 CHANGED=$(git diff --name-only origin/main | grep -v "$NOT_MATCHES" | grep "$MATCHES")
 set -e
 
-# Always run sqlsmith frontend tests
-export RUN_SQLSMITH_FRONTEND=1
+# NOTE(kwannoel): Disabled because there's some breakage after #12485,
+# see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12577.
+# Frontend is relatively stable, e2e fuzz test will cover the same cases also,
+# so we can just disable it.
+export RUN_SQLSMITH_FRONTEND=0
 export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
 export SQLSMITH_COUNT=100
 
 # Run e2e tests if changes to sqlsmith source files detected.
-# NOTE(kwannoel): Keep this here in-case we ever want to revert.
-#if [[ -n "$CHANGED" ]]; then
-#    echo "--- Checking whether to run all sqlsmith tests"
-#    echo "origin/main SHA: $(git rev-parse origin/main)"
-#    echo "Changes to Sqlsmith source files detected:"
-#    echo "$CHANGED"
-#    export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
-#    export SQLSMITH_COUNT=100
-#    export TEST_NUM=32
-#    echo "Enabled Sqlsmith tests."
-#else
-#    export RUN_SQLSMITH=0
-#fi
+if [[ -n "$CHANGED" ]]; then
+    echo "--- Checking whether to run all sqlsmith tests"
+    echo "origin/main SHA: $(git rev-parse origin/main)"
+    echo "Changes to Sqlsmith source files detected:"
+    echo "$CHANGED"
+    export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
+    export SQLSMITH_COUNT=100
+    export TEST_NUM=32
+    echo "Enabled Sqlsmith tests."
+else
+    export RUN_SQLSMITH=0
+fi
 
 source ci/scripts/run-fuzz-test.sh
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index d289dd130b8ae..baaf73a3b597e 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -491,3 +491,18 @@ steps:
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
     timeout_in_minutes: 25
     retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "fuzz test"
+    command: "ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    depends_on:
+      - "build"
+      - "build-simulation"
+    plugins:
+      - ./ci/plugins/swapfile
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 15
+    retry: *auto-retry
diff --git a/ci/workflows/sqlsmith-tests.yml b/ci/workflows/sqlsmith-tests.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 201b3dd8bd20c..0000000000000
--- a/ci/workflows/sqlsmith-tests.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-auto-retry: &auto-retry
-  automatic:
-    # Agent terminated because the AWS EC2 spot instance killed by AWS.
-    - signal_reason: agent_stop
-      limit: 3
-
-steps:
-  - label: "check ci image rebuild"
-    plugins:
-      - chronotc/monorepo-diff#v2.3.0:
-          diff: "git diff --name-only origin/main"
-          watch:
-            - path: "ci/build-ci-image.sh"
-              config:
-                command: "ci/build-ci-image.sh"
-                label: "ci build images"
-    retry: *auto-retry
-  - wait
-
-  - label: "build"
-    command: "ci/scripts/build.sh -p ci-dev"
-    key: "build"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "fuzz test"
-    command: "ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh -p ci-dev"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build"
-    plugins:
-      - ./ci/plugins/swapfile
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 25
-    retry: *auto-retry

From 8cb1da441a768d653f089246c89817f56fdc3e76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 11:49:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 215/430] chore(ci): remove duplicated workflows in `main-cron`
 (#12593)

---
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml | 96 ++------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index d5da5b14ae65b..a0e05a2b43f3d 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 12
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end source test (release)"
@@ -245,25 +245,6 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 5
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
-    command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-release -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    matrix:
-      setup:
-        java_version:
-          - "11"
-          - "17"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
   - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test (release)"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
     depends_on:
@@ -289,7 +270,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "e2e java-binding test (release)"
@@ -308,23 +289,6 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "S3 source check on AWS (json parser)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s run"
-    depends_on: build
-    plugins:
-      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
-          env:
-            S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF: ci_s3_source_test_aws
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-          environment:
-            - S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
   - label: "S3 source check on AWS (json parser)"
     command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s json_file"
     depends_on: build
@@ -478,7 +442,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 21
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end test for opendal (parallel)"
@@ -495,46 +459,6 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 14
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "end-to-end test (parallel, in-memory)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel-in-memory.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on: "build"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 12
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink test"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 5
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
-  - label: "end-to-end iceberg sink v2 test"
-    command: "ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: sink-test-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
   - label: "end-to-end clickhouse sink test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-clickhouse-sink-test.sh -p ci-release"
     depends_on:
@@ -563,20 +487,6 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 10
     retry: *auto-retry
 
-  - label: "e2e java-binding test"
-    command: "ci/scripts/java-binding-test.sh -p ci-release"
-    depends_on:
-      - "build"
-      - "build-other"
-    plugins:
-      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: rw-build-env
-          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
-          mount-buildkite-agent: true
-      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
-    retry: *auto-retry
-
   - label: "connector node integration test Java {{matrix.java_version}}"
     command: "ci/scripts/connector-node-integration-test.sh -p ci-release -v {{matrix.java_version}}"
     depends_on:

From ed576b2085521bb09562b43ed26d0bbd68f72f3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 12:33:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 216/430] chore(deps): Bump duration-str from 0.5.1 to 0.7.0
 (#12590)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock               | 4 ++--
 src/connector/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 0dc779d60bed5..ec71d5107f704 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2585,9 +2585,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "duration-str"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9f037c488d179e21c87ef5fa9c331e8e62f5dddfa84618b41bb197da03edff1"
+checksum = "5e172e85f305d6a442b250bf40667ffcb91a24f52c9a1ca59e2fa991ac9b7790"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "nom",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index c919bd5ed2397..db3768d0db1bb 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ clickhouse = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/clickhouse.rs", rev = "6
     "time",
 ] }
 csv = "1.2"
-duration-str = "0.5.1"
+duration-str = "0.7.0"
 easy-ext = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }

From ae3a59da33a65fb2909361eaa186440ff9fa0883 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 15:46:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 217/430] fix(ci): fix pulsar tests (#12594)

---
 e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt
index 73c0220ce0f5e..944176857eca2 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/pulsar_sink.slt
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ WITH (
 statement ok
 FLUSH;
 
+# We can't control Sink -> Source Table
+# latency. We just have to wait.
+sleep 5s
+
 query IT rowsort
 SELECT * FROM pulsar_source;
 ----

From 6fb7ae5f47addc3953e3be76778c70dd611a5bf4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:21:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 218/430] fix: remove unsafe code in auto/manual heap dump
 (#12596)

---
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs    | 5 ++---
 src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs | 5 ++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 9d450a4f38fc4..a735797c88e2a 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_string();
 
+            // `file_path_str` is leaked because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
             let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.into_boxed_str());
-            let file_path_bytes = unsafe { file_path_str.as_bytes_mut() };
-            let file_path_ptr = file_path_bytes.as_mut_ptr();
+            let file_path_bytes = file_path_str.as_bytes();
             if let Err(e) = self
                 .jemalloc_dump_mib
                 .write(CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap())
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             } else {
                 tracing::info!("Successfully dumped heap profile to {}", file_name);
             }
-            let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_path_ptr) };
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 02b89f5bdf4bf..82cf5c217dbc7 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             .to_str()
             .ok_or_else(|| Status::internal("The file dir is not a UTF-8 String"))?;
 
+        // `file_path_str` is leaked because `prof::dump::write` requires static lifetime
         let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.to_string().into_boxed_str());
-        let file_path_bytes = unsafe { file_path_str.as_bytes_mut() };
-        let file_path_ptr = file_path_bytes.as_mut_ptr();
+        let file_path_bytes = file_path_str.as_bytes();
         let response = if let Err(e) = tikv_jemalloc_ctl::prof::dump::write(
             CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap(),
         ) {
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         } else {
             Ok(Response::new(HeapProfilingResponse {}))
         };
-        let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_path_ptr) };
         response
     }
 

From cd5ebe0f92cf06617468620eef43a4d96ff9e822 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 2023 19:04:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 219/430] chore(deps): Bump base64 from 0.21.3 to 0.21.4
 (#12216)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ec71d5107f704..6b3d9808a3aef 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-cast",
  "arrow-ipc",
  "arrow-schema",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "futures",
  "paste",
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ version = "0.31.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8257238e2a3629ee5618502a75d1b91f8017c24638c75349fc8d2d80cf1f7c4c"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "futures",
  "http",
@@ -1165,9 +1165,9 @@ checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.21.3"
+version = "0.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "414dcefbc63d77c526a76b3afcf6fbb9b5e2791c19c3aa2297733208750c6e53"
+checksum = "9ba43ea6f343b788c8764558649e08df62f86c6ef251fdaeb1ffd010a9ae50a2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64-simd"
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c5b0a88aa36e9f095ee2e2b13fb8c5e4313e022783aedacc123328c0084916d"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3423,7 +3423,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "931bedb2264cb00f914b0a6a5c304e34865c34306632d3932e0951a073e4a67d"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "google-cloud-metadata",
  "google-cloud-token",
  "home",
@@ -4138,7 +4138,7 @@ version = "8.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6971da4d9c3aa03c3d8f3ff0f4155b534aad021292003895a469716b2a230378"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "pem 1.1.1",
  "ring",
  "serde",
@@ -4866,7 +4866,7 @@ version = "0.30.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "57349d5a326b437989b6ee4dc8f2f34b0cc131202748414712a8e7d98952fc8c"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bigdecimal",
  "bindgen",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
@@ -5239,7 +5239,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-compat",
  "async-trait",
  "backon",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "flagset",
@@ -5272,7 +5272,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-compat",
  "async-trait",
  "backon",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "flagset",
@@ -5622,7 +5622,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-ipc",
  "arrow-schema",
  "arrow-select",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "brotli",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
@@ -5706,7 +5706,7 @@ version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1030c719b0ec2a2d25a5df729d6cff1acf3cc230bf766f4f97833591f7577b90"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -5743,7 +5743,7 @@ version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6b13fe415cdf3c8e44518e18a7c95a13431d9bdf6d15367d82b23c377fdd441a"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -5990,7 +5990,7 @@ version = "0.6.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "49b6c5ef183cd3ab4ba005f1ca64c21e8bd97ce4699cfea9e8d9a2c4958ca520"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "fallible-iterator",
@@ -6651,7 +6651,7 @@ checksum = "3228e570df74d69d3d3236a71371f1edd748a3e4eb728ea1f29d403bc10fc727"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "chrono",
  "form_urlencoded",
  "hex",
@@ -6680,7 +6680,7 @@ version = "0.11.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3e9ad3fe7488d7e34558a2033d45a0c90b72d97b4f80705666fea71472e2e6a1"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "encoding_rs",
  "futures-core",
@@ -7169,7 +7169,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-http",
  "aws-types",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bincode 1.3.3",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -8248,7 +8248,7 @@ version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2d3987094b1d07b653b7dfdc3f70ce9a1da9c51ac18c1b06b662e4f9a0e9f4b2"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8746,7 +8746,7 @@ version = "3.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ca3b16a3d82c4088f343b7480a93550b3eabe1a358569c2dfe38bbcead07237"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "chrono",
  "hex",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
@@ -9251,7 +9251,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8ca69bf415b93b60b80dc8fda3cb4ef52b2336614d8da2de5456cc942a110482"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bigdecimal",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
@@ -9298,7 +9298,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a0db2df1b8731c3651e204629dd55e52adbae0462fa1bdcbed56a2302c18181e"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bigdecimal",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
@@ -9969,7 +9969,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-stream",
  "async-trait",
  "axum",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "flate2",
  "futures-core",
@@ -10790,7 +10790,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
  "aws-smithy-client",
- "base64 0.21.3",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
  "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",

From 25dac5b1c5f0bfe75e420b0347320bafff939989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lanqing Yang <eyang@roblox.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 2023 20:31:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 220/430] chore: display AWS kensis error details (#12603)

---
 src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
index c321a4c63fd7d..4ed00b88a58b2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kinesis/source/reader.rs
@@ -250,7 +250,8 @@ impl KinesisSplitReader {
                 .set_starting_sequence_number(starting_seq_num)
                 .set_timestamp(starting_timestamp)
                 .send()
-                .await?;
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| anyhow!(DisplayErrorContext(e)))?;
 
             if let Some(iter) = resp.shard_iterator() {
                 Ok(iter.to_owned())

From 7da91df6944cabf49314787b3361801cab35c6e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 11:45:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 221/430] chore: ignore semver-patch in dependabot (#12612)

---
 .github/dependabot.yml | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 2dd2d9347b96b..5ba6be84f4329 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ updates:
   open-pull-requests-limit: 10
   # Disable auto rebase to reduce cost. Use `@dependabot rebase` manually instead.
   rebase-strategy: "disabled"
-
+  # Ignore patch to reduce spam. Manually run `cargo update` regularly instead.
+  ignore:
+    - dependency-name: "*"
+      update-types: ["version-update:semver-patch"]
   # Create a group of dependencies to be updated together in one pull request
   groups:
     arrow:

From f31e7af87c3d4c0c26c57b835438d1f89e9a9d6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 11:57:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 222/430] chore(deps): Bump dialoguer from 0.10.4 to 0.11.0
 (#12604)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                        | 5 +++--
 src/risedevtool/config/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6b3d9808a3aef..7a1e0152106bc 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2504,13 +2504,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "dialoguer"
-version = "0.10.4"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "59c6f2989294b9a498d3ad5491a79c6deb604617378e1cdc4bfc1c1361fe2f87"
+checksum = "658bce805d770f407bc62102fca7c2c64ceef2fbcb2b8bd19d2765ce093980de"
 dependencies = [
  "console",
  "shell-words",
  "tempfile",
+ "thiserror",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/config/Cargo.toml b/src/risedevtool/config/Cargo.toml
index 441742e3c2b6c..e33eb0afd1647 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/risedevtool/config/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repository = { workspace = true }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 console = "0.15"
-dialoguer = "0.10"
+dialoguer = "0.11"
 enum-iterator = "1"
 fs-err = "2.9.0"
 itertools = "0.11"

From deb041c2cf7ab39726f4f5f5860837754e9e91b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 07:27:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 223/430] chore(deps): Bump async-nats from 0.31.0 to 0.32.1
 (#12614)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 12 ++++++------
 src/connector/Cargo.toml      |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  1 +
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7a1e0152106bc..c32c1d5a77804 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -496,15 +496,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-nats"
-version = "0.31.0"
+version = "0.32.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8257238e2a3629ee5618502a75d1b91f8017c24638c75349fc8d2d80cf1f7c4c"
+checksum = "0e45b67ea596bb94741ef15ba1d90b72c92bdc07553d8033734cb620a2b39f1c"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.4",
  "bytes",
  "futures",
  "http",
- "itoa",
  "memchr",
  "nkeys",
  "nuid",
@@ -512,6 +511,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "ring",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "rustls-native-certs",
  "rustls-pemfile",
  "rustls-webpki 0.101.4",
@@ -5031,11 +5031,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nuid"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "20c1bb65186718d348306bf1afdeb20d9ab45b2ab80fb793c0fdcf59ffbb4f38"
+checksum = "fc895af95856f929163a0aa20c26a78d26bfdc839f51b9d5aa7a5b79e52b7e83"
 dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
  "rand",
 ]
 
@@ -10866,6 +10865,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
+ "rustls 0.21.7",
  "scopeguard",
  "sea-orm",
  "sea-query",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index db3768d0db1bb..9c5d4804fec60 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ apache-avro = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/avro", branch = "idx0de
 ] }
 arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
-async-nats = "0.31.0"
+async-nats = "0.32"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
 auto_impl = "1"
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 7758f0799e795..2e9e0fec03e1e 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json", "rustls-tls"] }
 ring = { version = "0.16", features = ["std"] }
 rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.21" }
 scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 sea-orm = { version = "0.12", features = ["runtime-tokio-native-tls", "sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite"] }
 sea-query = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["backend-mysql", "backend-postgres", "backend-sqlite", "derive", "hashable-value", "postgres-array", "thread-safe", "with-bigdecimal", "with-chrono", "with-json", "with-rust_decimal", "with-time", "with-uuid"] }

From 03630056a643c904bc6397330ef9b0c41a70f4c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 16:56:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 224/430] fix: memory dump must end with `.heap` (#12616)

---
 src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs           | 4 ++--
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs    | 6 ++----
 src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs | 8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
index 7ab270bdecca7..3aacd46b30134 100644
--- a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub const MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME: &str = "manually-dump.compute.heap";
-pub const AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME: &str = "auto-dump.compute.heap";
+pub const MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX: &str = "manual.heap";
+pub const AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX: &str = "auto.heap";
 pub const COLLAPSED_SUFFIX: &str = "collapsed";
 
 pub mod jeprof;
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index a735797c88e2a..60efc57cd8af5 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use chrono;
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
 use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME;
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ pub struct JemallocMemoryControl {
     jemalloc_active_mib: jemalloc_stats::active_mib,
     jemalloc_dump_mib: jemalloc_prof::dump_mib,
 
-    dump_seq: u64,
     heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             jemalloc_allocated_mib,
             jemalloc_active_mib,
             jemalloc_dump_mib,
-            dump_seq: 0,
             heap_profiling_config,
         }
     }
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             }
 
             let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-            let file_name = format!("{}.{}.{}\0", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME, self.dump_seq,);
+            let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX);
 
             let file_path = Path::new(&self.heap_profiling_config.dir)
                 .join(Path::new(&file_name))
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 82cf5c217dbc7..dceadddb91d74 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::config::ServerConfig;
 use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::{
-    self, AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX, MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME,
+    self, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorService;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }
 
         let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-        let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME);
+        let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX);
         let arg_dir = request.into_inner().get_dir().clone();
         let dir = PathBuf::from(if arg_dir.is_empty() {
             &self.server_config.heap_profiling.dir
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             })
             .filter(|name| {
                 if let Ok(name) = name {
-                    name.contains(AUTO_DUMP_MID_NAME) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
+                    name.contains(AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
                 } else {
                     true
                 }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             })
             .filter(|name| {
                 if let Ok(name) = name {
-                    name.contains(MANUALLY_DUMP_MID_NAME) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
+                    name.contains(MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX) && !name.ends_with(COLLAPSED_SUFFIX)
                 } else {
                     true
                 }

From 5bfc18dcd9ca374ab922a98638a5313de0dd2b5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 21:06:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 225/430] chore(deps): Bump webpki from 0.22.1 to 0.22.2
 (#12606)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c32c1d5a77804..6aa95cbffff39 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10532,9 +10532,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki"
-version = "0.22.1"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0e74f82d49d545ad128049b7e88f6576df2da6b02e9ce565c6f533be576957e"
+checksum = "07ecc0cd7cac091bf682ec5efa18b1cff79d617b84181f38b3951dbe135f607f"
 dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "untrusted",

From 8db10dbc9b70751df8c2b6a4d86d1409b0c58121 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: taytzehao <jtth95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 21:13:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 226/430] feat: jsonb || operator (#12502)

Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 proto/expr.proto                              |   1 +
 src/common/src/types/jsonb.rs                 |   4 +
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_concat.rs      | 101 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs               |   1 +
 .../testdata/input/concat_op_dispatch.yaml    |   4 +-
 .../testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml   |  12 +--
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/binary_op.rs     |  11 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                 |   1 +
 8 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_concat.rs

diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 0c7290705f826..cceaecd64011a 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ message ExprNode {
     JSONB_TYPEOF = 602;
     JSONB_ARRAY_LENGTH = 603;
     IS_JSON = 604;
+    JSONB_CAT = 605;
 
     // Non-pure functions below (> 1000)
     // ------------------------
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/jsonb.rs b/src/common/src/types/jsonb.rs
index 2d08347014548..7f4c002037060 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/jsonb.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/jsonb.rs
@@ -345,6 +345,10 @@ impl<'a> JsonbRef<'a> {
             _ => Err(format!("cannot deconstruct a jsonb {}", self.type_name())),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn value(&self) -> &'a Value {
+        self.0
+    }
 }
 
 /// A custom implementation for [`serde_json::ser::Formatter`] to match PostgreSQL, which adds extra
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_concat.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_concat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6277db8d5b981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/jsonb_concat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{JsonbRef, JsonbVal};
+use risingwave_expr::function;
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
+
+/// Concatenates the two jsonbs.
+///
+/// Examples:
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// # concat
+/// query T
+/// SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb || '[3,4]'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [1, 2, 3, 4]
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT '{"a": 1}'::jsonb || '{"b": 2}'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb || '{"a": 1}'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [1, 2, {"a": 1}]
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT '1'::jsonb || '2'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [1, 2]
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb || 'null'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [1, 2, null]
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT 'null'::jsonb || '[1,2]'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [null, 1, 2]
+///
+/// query T
+/// SELECT 'null'::jsonb || '1'::jsonb;
+/// ----
+/// [null, 1]
+/// ```
+#[function("jsonb_cat(jsonb, jsonb) -> jsonb")]
+pub fn jsonb_cat(left: JsonbRef<'_>, right: JsonbRef<'_>) -> JsonbVal {
+    let left_val = left.value().clone();
+    let right_val = right.value().clone();
+    match (left_val, right_val) {
+        // left and right are object based.
+        // This would have left:{'a':1}, right:{'b':2} -> {'a':1,'b':2}
+        (Value::Object(mut left_map), Value::Object(right_map)) => {
+            left_map.extend(right_map);
+            JsonbVal::from(Value::Object(left_map))
+        }
+
+        // left and right are array-based.
+        // This would merge both arrays into one array.
+        // This would have left:[1,2], right:[3,4] -> [1,2,3,4]
+        (Value::Array(mut left_arr), Value::Array(right_arr)) => {
+            left_arr.extend(right_arr);
+            JsonbVal::from(Value::Array(left_arr))
+        }
+
+        // One operand is an array, and the other is a single element.
+        // This would insert the non-array value as another element into the array
+        // Eg left:[1,2] right: {'a':1} -> [1,2,{'a':1}]
+        (Value::Array(mut left_arr), single_val) => {
+            left_arr.push(single_val);
+            JsonbVal::from(Value::Array(left_arr))
+        }
+
+        // One operand is an array, and the other is a single element.
+        // This would insert the non-array value as another element into the array
+        // Eg left:{'a':1} right:[1,2] -> [{'a':1},1,2]
+        (single_val, Value::Array(mut right_arr)) => {
+            right_arr.insert(0, single_val);
+            JsonbVal::from(Value::Array(right_arr))
+        }
+
+        // Both are non-array inputs.
+        // Both elements would be placed together in an array
+        // Eg left:1 right: 2 -> [1,2]
+        (left, right) => JsonbVal::from(json!([left, right])),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
index 0d60bf04bed80..dd88a374ba966 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/mod.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ mod format;
 mod format_type;
 mod int256;
 mod jsonb_access;
+mod jsonb_concat;
 mod jsonb_info;
 mod length;
 mod lower;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/concat_op_dispatch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
index 208eb6441b4f9..e241638c8d156 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@
     select '1'::jsonb || '2'::jsonb;
   name: jsonb || jsonb -> jsonb
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_plan
 - sql: |
     select '1'::jsonb || '2';
   name: jsonb || unknown (as jsonb) -> jsonb
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
+  - batch_plan
 - sql: |
     with t(s) as (select '2') select '1'::jsonb || s from t;
   name: jsonb || text -> text
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
index 577c413051c24..41c3475ca1d37 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
@@ -34,19 +34,11 @@
 - name: jsonb || jsonb -> jsonb
   sql: |
     select '1'::jsonb || '2'::jsonb;
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: CAST('1' AS jsonb) || CAST('2' AS jsonb)
-
-    Caused by:
-      Bind error: operator not implemented yet: jsonb || jsonb
+  batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[''[1, 2]'':Jsonb]] }'
 - name: jsonb || unknown (as jsonb) -> jsonb
   sql: |
     select '1'::jsonb || '2';
-  binder_error: |-
-    Bind error: failed to bind expression: CAST('1' AS jsonb) || '2'
-
-    Caused by:
-      Bind error: operator not implemented yet: jsonb || jsonb
+  batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[''[1, 2]'':Jsonb]] }'
 - name: jsonb || text -> text
   sql: |
     with t(s) as (select '2') select '1'::jsonb || s from t;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/binary_op.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/binary_op.rs
index 00b4a9f64a9cb..f7c8a86144fc9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/binary_op.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/binary_op.rs
@@ -108,11 +108,12 @@ impl Binder {
                         ExprType::ConcatOp
                     }
 
-                    // jsonb, bytea (and varbit, tsvector, tsquery)
-                    (Some(t @ DataType::Jsonb), Some(DataType::Jsonb))
-                    | (Some(t @ DataType::Jsonb), None)
-                    | (None, Some(t @ DataType::Jsonb))
-                    | (Some(t @ DataType::Bytea), Some(DataType::Bytea))
+                    (Some(DataType::Jsonb), Some(DataType::Jsonb))
+                    | (Some(DataType::Jsonb), None)
+                    | (None, Some(DataType::Jsonb)) => ExprType::JsonbCat,
+
+                    // bytea (and varbit, tsvector, tsquery)
+                    (Some(t @ DataType::Bytea), Some(DataType::Bytea))
                     | (Some(t @ DataType::Bytea), None)
                     | (None, Some(t @ DataType::Bytea)) => {
                         return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 91e92ee651205..4bd7a997ba41c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayReplace
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayPosition
             | expr_node::Type::HexToInt256
+            | expr_node::Type::JsonbCat
             | expr_node::Type::JsonbAccessInner
             | expr_node::Type::JsonbAccessStr
             | expr_node::Type::JsonbTypeof

From a296a06427b192cbed412742a959ab9c1ad5d6d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 12:23:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 227/430] feat(sink): support new syntax `FORMAT ... ENCODE
 ...` similar to source (#12556)

---
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt           |   2 +-
 proto/catalog.proto                           |  10 +-
 proto/connector_service.proto                 |   3 +-
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |   3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs        |   7 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs         | 148 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       |  76 ++++-----
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  61 ++------
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             |  46 ++----
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  17 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs              |  42 ++---
 src/connector/src/source/external.rs          |   1 +
 src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs          |   2 +
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs       | 136 +++++++++++++++-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs             |   3 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs    |  39 +++--
 src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs        |   4 +
 .../src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs  |   4 +
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs            |  52 ++++++
 src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/create.yaml      |  18 +++
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               |   3 +
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  15 +-
 22 files changed, 521 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
index 635c4b3d03a80..2c938cd2219b6 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_debezium from t_kafka with (
     primary_key = 'id',
 );
 
-statement error primary key not defined for debezium kafka sink
+statement error primary key not defined
 create sink debezium_without_pk from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
     properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
diff --git a/proto/catalog.proto b/proto/catalog.proto
index f200d10d234ff..2d4d51b5692b3 100644
--- a/proto/catalog.proto
+++ b/proto/catalog.proto
@@ -106,6 +106,13 @@ enum SinkType {
   UPSERT = 3;
 }
 
+// Similar to `StreamSourceInfo`, and may replace `SinkType` later.
+message SinkFormatDesc {
+  plan_common.FormatType format = 1;
+  plan_common.EncodeType encode = 2;
+  map<string, string> options = 3;
+}
+
 // the catalog of the sink. There are two kind of schema here. The full schema is all columns
 // stored in the `column` which is the sink executor/fragment's output schema. The visible
 // schema contains the columns whose `is_hidden` is false, which is the columns sink out to the
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ message Sink {
   repeated int32 distribution_key = 8;
   // User-defined primary key indices for the upsert sink.
   repeated int32 downstream_pk = 9;
-  SinkType sink_type = 10;
+  SinkType sink_type = 10; // to be deprecated
   uint32 owner = 11;
   map<string, string> properties = 12;
   string definition = 13;
@@ -132,6 +139,7 @@ message Sink {
   string db_name = 17;
   string sink_from_name = 18;
   StreamJobStatus stream_job_status = 19;
+  SinkFormatDesc format_desc = 20;
 }
 
 message Connection {
diff --git a/proto/connector_service.proto b/proto/connector_service.proto
index 54728bf4ecdec..e750c8ce96e9d 100644
--- a/proto/connector_service.proto
+++ b/proto/connector_service.proto
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ message SinkParam {
   uint32 sink_id = 1;
   map<string, string> properties = 2;
   TableSchema table_schema = 3;
-  catalog.SinkType sink_type = 4;
+  catalog.SinkType sink_type = 4; // to be deprecated
   string db_name = 5;
   string sink_from_name = 6;
+  catalog.SinkFormatDesc format_desc = 7;
 }
 
 enum SinkPayloadFormat {
diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index bd54c0f924900..957f49b63e503 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -174,12 +174,13 @@ message SinkDesc {
   repeated uint32 downstream_pk = 6;
   repeated uint32 distribution_key = 7;
   map<string, string> properties = 8;
-  catalog.SinkType sink_type = 9;
+  catalog.SinkType sink_type = 9; // to be deprecated
   repeated plan_common.ColumnCatalog column_catalogs = 10;
   string db_name = 11;
   // If the sink is from table or mv, this is name of the table/mv. Otherwise
   // it is the name of the sink itself.
   string sink_from_name = 12;
+  catalog.SinkFormatDesc format_desc = 13;
 }
 
 enum SinkLogStoreType {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs
index f00709188d23c..1fdd8b44959e3 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::PbSinkDesc;
 
-use super::{SinkCatalog, SinkId, SinkType};
+use super::{SinkCatalog, SinkFormatDesc, SinkId, SinkType};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct SinkDesc {
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ pub struct SinkDesc {
     // options in `properties`.
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
 
+    // The format and encode of the sink.
+    pub format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
+
     /// Name of the database
     pub db_name: String,
 
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ impl SinkDesc {
             dependent_relations,
             properties: self.properties.into_iter().collect(),
             sink_type: self.sink_type,
+            format_desc: self.format_desc,
             connection_id,
             created_at_epoch: None,
             initialized_at_epoch: None,
@@ -109,6 +113,7 @@ impl SinkDesc {
             distribution_key: self.distribution_key.iter().map(|k| *k as _).collect_vec(),
             properties: self.properties.clone().into_iter().collect(),
             sink_type: self.sink_type.to_proto() as i32,
+            format_desc: self.format_desc.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_proto()),
             db_name: self.db_name.clone(),
             sink_from_name: self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
index fd307b05e115e..7e9f5e5c8ff43 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -14,15 +14,21 @@
 
 pub mod desc;
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{
     ColumnCatalog, ConnectionId, DatabaseId, Field, Schema, SchemaId, TableId, UserId,
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::ColumnOrder;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSink, PbSinkType, PbStreamJobStatus};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSink, PbSinkFormatDesc, PbSinkType, PbStreamJobStatus};
+
+use super::{
+    SinkError, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Hash, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SinkId {
@@ -96,6 +102,128 @@ impl SinkType {
     }
 }
 
+/// May replace [`SinkType`].
+///
+/// TODO: consolidate with [`crate::source::SourceStruct`] and [`crate::parser::SpecificParserConfig`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct SinkFormatDesc {
+    pub format: SinkFormat,
+    pub encode: SinkEncode,
+    pub options: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+/// TODO: consolidate with [`crate::source::SourceFormat`] and [`crate::parser::ProtocolProperties`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum SinkFormat {
+    AppendOnly,
+    Upsert,
+    Debezium,
+}
+
+/// TODO: consolidate with [`crate::source::SourceEncode`] and [`crate::parser::EncodingProperties`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum SinkEncode {
+    Json,
+    Protobuf,
+    Avro,
+}
+
+impl SinkFormatDesc {
+    pub fn from_legacy_type(connector: &str, r#type: &str) -> Result<Option<Self>, SinkError> {
+        use crate::sink::kafka::KafkaSink;
+        use crate::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink;
+        use crate::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink;
+        use crate::sink::Sink as _;
+
+        let format = match r#type {
+            SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY => SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+            SINK_TYPE_UPSERT => SinkFormat::Upsert,
+            SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM => SinkFormat::Debezium,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "sink type unsupported: {}",
+                    r#type
+                )))
+            }
+        };
+        let encode = match connector {
+            KafkaSink::SINK_NAME | KinesisSink::SINK_NAME | PulsarSink::SINK_NAME => {
+                SinkEncode::Json
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(None),
+        };
+        Ok(Some(Self {
+            format,
+            encode,
+            options: Default::default(),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_proto(&self) -> PbSinkFormatDesc {
+        use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{EncodeType as E, FormatType as F};
+
+        let format = match self.format {
+            SinkFormat::AppendOnly => F::Plain,
+            SinkFormat::Upsert => F::Upsert,
+            SinkFormat::Debezium => F::Debezium,
+        };
+        let encode = match self.encode {
+            SinkEncode::Json => E::Json,
+            SinkEncode::Protobuf => E::Protobuf,
+            SinkEncode::Avro => E::Avro,
+        };
+        let options = self
+            .options
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        PbSinkFormatDesc {
+            format: format.into(),
+            encode: encode.into(),
+            options,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<PbSinkFormatDesc> for SinkFormatDesc {
+    type Error = SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: PbSinkFormatDesc) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{EncodeType as E, FormatType as F};
+
+        let format = match value.format() {
+            F::Plain => SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+            F::Upsert => SinkFormat::Upsert,
+            F::Debezium => SinkFormat::Debezium,
+            f @ (F::Unspecified | F::Native | F::DebeziumMongo | F::Maxwell | F::Canal) => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "sink format unsupported: {}",
+                    f.as_str_name()
+                )))
+            }
+        };
+        let encode = match value.encode() {
+            E::Json => SinkEncode::Json,
+            E::Protobuf => SinkEncode::Protobuf,
+            E::Avro => SinkEncode::Avro,
+            e @ (E::Unspecified | E::Native | E::Csv | E::Bytes) => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "sink encode unsupported: {}",
+                    e.as_str_name()
+                )))
+            }
+        };
+        let options = value.options.into_iter().collect();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            format,
+            encode,
+            options,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 /// the catalog of the sink. There are two kind of schema here. The full schema is all columns
 /// stored in the `column` which is the sink executor/fragment's output schema. The visible
 /// schema contains the columns whose `is_hidden` is false, which is the columns sink out to the
@@ -144,6 +272,9 @@ pub struct SinkCatalog {
     // options in `properties`.
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
 
+    // The format and encode of the sink.
+    pub format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
+
     /// Sink may use a privatelink connection to connect to the downstream system.
     pub connection_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
 
@@ -186,6 +317,7 @@ impl SinkCatalog {
             owner: self.owner.into(),
             properties: self.properties.clone(),
             sink_type: self.sink_type.to_proto() as i32,
+            format_desc: self.format_desc.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_proto()),
             connection_id: self.connection_id.map(|id| id.into()),
             initialized_at_epoch: self.initialized_at_epoch.map(|e| e.0),
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|e| e.0),
@@ -233,6 +365,17 @@ impl SinkCatalog {
 impl From<PbSink> for SinkCatalog {
     fn from(pb: PbSink) -> Self {
         let sink_type = pb.get_sink_type().unwrap();
+        let format_desc = match pb.format_desc {
+            Some(f) => f.try_into().ok(),
+            None => {
+                let connector = pb.properties.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY);
+                let r#type = pb.properties.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION);
+                match (connector, r#type) {
+                    (Some(c), Some(t)) => SinkFormatDesc::from_legacy_type(c, t).ok().flatten(),
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            }
+        };
         SinkCatalog {
             id: pb.id.into(),
             name: pb.name,
@@ -263,6 +406,7 @@ impl From<PbSink> for SinkCatalog {
                 .map(TableId::from)
                 .collect_vec(),
             sink_type: SinkType::from_proto(sink_type),
+            format_desc,
             connection_id: pb.connection_id.map(ConnectionId),
             created_at_epoch: pb.created_at_epoch.map(Epoch::from),
             initialized_at_epoch: pb.initialized_at_epoch.map(Epoch::from),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 89e8369d93819..be153ded9062e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 
-use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
+use crate::sink::{Result, SinkError};
 
 mod append_only;
 mod debezium_json;
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub use debezium_json::{DebeziumAdapterOpts, DebeziumJsonFormatter};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
+use super::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
@@ -64,47 +65,52 @@ pub enum SinkFormatterImpl {
 
 impl SinkFormatterImpl {
     pub fn new(
-        formatter_type: &str,
+        format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
         schema: Schema,
         pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        if is_append_only {
-            let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                schema.clone(),
-                Some(pk_indices),
-                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-            );
-            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        if format_desc.encode != SinkEncode::Json {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "sink encode unsupported: {:?}",
+                format_desc.encode,
+            )));
+        }
 
-            let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(formatter))
-        } else if formatter_type == SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM {
-            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
-                schema,
-                pk_indices,
-                db_name,
-                sink_from_name,
-                DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
-            )))
-        } else if formatter_type == SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
-            let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                schema.clone(),
-                Some(pk_indices),
-                TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-            );
-            let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+        match format_desc.format {
+            SinkFormat::AppendOnly => {
+                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                    schema.clone(),
+                    Some(pk_indices),
+                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                );
+                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
-            // Initialize the upsert_stream
-            let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-            Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(formatter))
-        } else {
-            Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "unsupported upsert sink type {}",
-                formatter_type
-            )))
+                let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+                Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(formatter))
+            }
+            SinkFormat::Debezium => {
+                Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
+                    schema,
+                    pk_indices,
+                    db_name,
+                    sink_from_name,
+                    DebeziumAdapterOpts::default(),
+                )))
+            }
+            SinkFormat::Upsert => {
+                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                    schema.clone(),
+                    Some(pk_indices),
+                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                );
+                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+                // Initialize the upsert_stream
+                let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+                Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(formatter))
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index ca631149cc2ba..f5719cafc0ec3 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -31,10 +31,8 @@ use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
 
-use super::{
-    Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
-};
+use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
+use super::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::writer::{
@@ -44,8 +42,7 @@ use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplitEnumerator, PrivateLinkProducerContext};
 use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator};
 use crate::{
-    deserialize_bool_from_string, deserialize_duration_from_string, deserialize_u32_from_string,
-    dispatch_sink_formatter_impl,
+    deserialize_duration_from_string, deserialize_u32_from_string, dispatch_sink_formatter_impl,
 };
 
 pub const KAFKA_SINK: &str = "kafka";
@@ -58,10 +55,6 @@ const fn _default_retry_backoff() -> Duration {
     Duration::from_millis(100)
 }
 
-const fn _default_force_append_only() -> bool {
-    false
-}
-
 const fn _default_message_timeout_ms() -> usize {
     5000
 }
@@ -210,14 +203,6 @@ pub struct KafkaConfig {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: KafkaCommon,
 
-    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only", "debezium", or "upsert"
-
-    #[serde(
-        default = "_default_force_append_only",
-        deserialize_with = "deserialize_bool_from_string"
-    )]
-    pub force_append_only: bool,
-
     #[serde(
         rename = "properties.retry.max",
         default = "_default_max_retries",
@@ -246,18 +231,6 @@ impl KafkaConfig {
         let config = serde_json::from_value::<KafkaConfig>(serde_json::to_value(values).unwrap())
             .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
 
-        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY
-            && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM
-            && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-        {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "`{}` must be {}, {}, or {}",
-                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-                SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
-                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-            )));
-        }
         Ok(config)
     }
 
@@ -289,7 +262,7 @@ pub struct KafkaSink {
     pub config: KafkaConfig,
     schema: Schema,
     pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-    is_append_only: bool,
+    format_desc: SinkFormatDesc,
     db_name: String,
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -304,7 +277,9 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KafkaSink {
             config,
             schema,
             pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
-            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            format_desc: param
+                .format_desc
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing FORMAT ... ENCODE ...")))?,
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
         })
@@ -322,10 +297,9 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
             KafkaSinkWriter::new(
                 self.config.clone(),
                 SinkFormatterImpl::new(
-                    &self.config.r#type,
+                    &self.format_desc,
                     self.schema.clone(),
                     self.pk_indices.clone(),
-                    self.is_append_only,
                     self.db_name.clone(),
                     self.sink_from_name.clone(),
                 )?,
@@ -337,10 +311,10 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
-        if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
+        if self.format_desc.format != SinkFormat::AppendOnly && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "primary key not defined for {} kafka sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
-                self.config.r#type
+                "primary key not defined for {:?} kafka sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
+                self.format_desc.format
             )));
         }
 
@@ -708,8 +682,6 @@ mod test {
         let config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(config.common.brokers, "localhost:9092");
         assert_eq!(config.common.topic, "test");
-        assert_eq!(config.r#type, "append-only");
-        assert!(config.force_append_only);
         assert_eq!(config.max_retry_num, 20);
         assert_eq!(config.retry_interval, Duration::from_millis(500));
 
@@ -721,7 +693,6 @@ mod test {
             "type".to_string() => "upsert".to_string(),
         };
         let config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties).unwrap();
-        assert!(!config.force_append_only);
         assert_eq!(config.max_retry_num, 3);
         assert_eq!(config.retry_interval, Duration::from_millis(100));
 
@@ -735,16 +706,6 @@ mod test {
         };
         assert!(KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties).is_err());
 
-        // Invalid bool input.
-        let properties: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
-            "connector".to_string() => "kafka".to_string(),
-            "properties.bootstrap.server".to_string() => "localhost:9092".to_string(),
-            "topic".to_string() => "test".to_string(),
-            "type".to_string() => "upsert".to_string(),
-            "force_append_only".to_string() => "yes".to_string(),  // error!
-        };
-        assert!(KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties).is_err());
-
         // Invalid duration input.
         let properties: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
             "connector".to_string() => "kafka".to_string(),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index bf024ba53b252..b1ad198045bf2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -26,15 +26,13 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
+use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::SinkParam;
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
 use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::writer::{FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
-use crate::sink::{
-    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-    SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
-};
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkWriterParam};
 
 pub const KINESIS_SINK: &str = "kinesis";
 
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ pub struct KinesisSink {
     pub config: KinesisSinkConfig,
     schema: Schema,
     pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-    is_append_only: bool,
+    format_desc: SinkFormatDesc,
     db_name: String,
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -58,7 +56,9 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KinesisSink {
             config,
             schema,
             pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
-            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            format_desc: param
+                .format_desc
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing FORMAT ... ENCODE ...")))?,
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
         })
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
-        if !self.is_append_only && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
+        if self.format_desc.format != SinkFormat::AppendOnly && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "primary key not defined for {} kafka sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
-                self.config.r#type
+                "primary key not defined for {:?} kafka sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
+                self.format_desc.format
             )));
         }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
-            self.is_append_only,
+            &self.format_desc,
             self.db_name.clone(),
             self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
@@ -113,8 +113,6 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
 pub struct KinesisSinkConfig {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: KinesisCommon,
-
-    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only", "debezium", or "upsert"
 }
 
 impl KinesisSinkConfig {
@@ -122,18 +120,6 @@ impl KinesisSinkConfig {
         let config =
             serde_json::from_value::<KinesisSinkConfig>(serde_json::to_value(properties).unwrap())
                 .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
-        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY
-            && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM
-            && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-        {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "`{}` must be {}, {}, or {}",
-                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-                SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM,
-                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-            )));
-        }
         Ok(config)
     }
 }
@@ -154,18 +140,12 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         config: KinesisSinkConfig,
         schema: Schema,
         pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
+        format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
-            &config.r#type,
-            schema,
-            pk_indices,
-            is_append_only,
-            db_name,
-            sink_from_name,
-        )?;
+        let formatter =
+            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, pk_indices, db_name, sink_from_name)?;
         let client = config
             .common
             .build_client()
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 7ff2509ac3131..1b5a1133f1a9b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, MetaClient};
 use thiserror::Error;
 pub use tracing;
 
-use self::catalog::SinkType;
+use self::catalog::{SinkFormatDesc, SinkType};
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
 use crate::sink::log_store::LogReader;
 use crate::sink::writer::SinkWriter;
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ pub struct SinkParam {
     pub columns: Vec<ColumnDesc>,
     pub downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
+    pub format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
     pub db_name: String,
     pub sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -140,6 +141,17 @@ pub struct SinkParam {
 impl SinkParam {
     pub fn from_proto(pb_param: PbSinkParam) -> Self {
         let table_schema = pb_param.table_schema.expect("should contain table schema");
+        let format_desc = match pb_param.format_desc {
+            Some(f) => f.try_into().ok(),
+            None => {
+                let connector = pb_param.properties.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY);
+                let r#type = pb_param.properties.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION);
+                match (connector, r#type) {
+                    (Some(c), Some(t)) => SinkFormatDesc::from_legacy_type(c, t).ok().flatten(),
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            }
+        };
         Self {
             sink_id: SinkId::from(pb_param.sink_id),
             properties: pb_param.properties,
@@ -152,6 +164,7 @@ impl SinkParam {
             sink_type: SinkType::from_proto(
                 PbSinkType::from_i32(pb_param.sink_type).expect("should be able to convert"),
             ),
+            format_desc,
             db_name: pb_param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: pb_param.sink_from_name,
         }
@@ -166,6 +179,7 @@ impl SinkParam {
                 pk_indices: self.downstream_pk.iter().map(|i| *i as u32).collect(),
             }),
             sink_type: self.sink_type.to_proto().into(),
+            format_desc: self.format_desc.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_proto()),
             db_name: self.db_name.clone(),
             sink_from_name: self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         }
@@ -190,6 +204,7 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
             columns,
             downstream_pk: sink_catalog.downstream_pk,
             sink_type: sink_catalog.sink_type,
+            format_desc: sink_catalog.format_desc,
             db_name: sink_catalog.db_name,
             sink_from_name: sink_catalog.sink_from_name,
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index 148c4e4c9e41e..16514da4c4d23 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -27,10 +27,8 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
-use super::{
-    Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-    SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
-};
+use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
+use super::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::common::PulsarCommon;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::writer::{FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
@@ -115,8 +113,6 @@ pub struct PulsarConfig {
 
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub producer_properties: PulsarPropertiesProducer,
-
-    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
 }
 
 impl PulsarConfig {
@@ -124,14 +120,6 @@ impl PulsarConfig {
         let config = serde_json::from_value::<PulsarConfig>(serde_json::to_value(values).unwrap())
             .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
 
-        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "`{}` must be {}, or {}",
-                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-            )));
-        }
         Ok(config)
     }
 }
@@ -141,7 +129,7 @@ pub struct PulsarSink {
     pub config: PulsarConfig,
     schema: Schema,
     downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
-    is_append_only: bool,
+    format_desc: SinkFormatDesc,
     db_name: String,
     sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -156,7 +144,9 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for PulsarSink {
             config,
             schema,
             downstream_pk: param.downstream_pk,
-            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            format_desc: param
+                .format_desc
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing FORMAT ... ENCODE ...")))?,
             db_name: param.db_name,
             sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
         })
@@ -174,7 +164,7 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.downstream_pk.clone(),
-            self.is_append_only,
+            &self.format_desc,
             self.db_name.clone(),
             self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
@@ -184,10 +174,10 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
         // For upsert Pulsar sink, the primary key must be defined.
-        if !self.is_append_only && self.downstream_pk.is_empty() {
+        if self.format_desc.format != SinkFormat::AppendOnly && self.downstream_pk.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "primary key not defined for {} pulsar sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
-                self.config.r#type
+                "primary key not defined for {:?} pulsar sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
+                self.format_desc.format
             )));
         }
 
@@ -216,18 +206,12 @@ impl PulsarSinkWriter {
         config: PulsarConfig,
         schema: Schema,
         downstream_pk: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
+        format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
-            &config.r#type,
-            schema,
-            downstream_pk,
-            is_append_only,
-            db_name,
-            sink_from_name,
-        )?;
+        let formatter =
+            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, downstream_pk, db_name, sink_from_name)?;
         let pulsar = config.common.build_client().await?;
         let producer = build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &config).await?;
         Ok(Self {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
index 3a47dea0b13ff..6297624283f17 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
@@ -587,6 +587,7 @@ mod tests {
             ],
             downstream_pk: vec![0],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "db".into(),
             sink_from_name: "table".into(),
         };
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
index cbf52a7bd13be..da6b776cc1db6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/src/lib.rs
@@ -777,6 +777,7 @@ impl TestCase {
                 options.insert("connector".to_string(), "blackhole".to_string());
                 options.insert("type".to_string(), "append-only".to_string());
                 let options = WithOptions::new(options);
+                let format_desc = (&options).try_into().unwrap();
                 match logical_plan.gen_sink_plan(
                     sink_name.to_string(),
                     format!("CREATE SINK {sink_name} AS {}", stmt),
@@ -784,6 +785,7 @@ impl TestCase {
                     false,
                     "test_db".into(),
                     "test_table".into(),
+                    format_desc,
                 ) {
                     Ok(sink_plan) => {
                         ret.sink_plan = Some(explain_plan(&sink_plan.into()));
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
index 05ac9c59ffae4..74a3cfdcac572 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
@@ -12,17 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use maplit::{convert_args, hashmap};
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ConnectionId, DatabaseId, SchemaId, UserId};
-use risingwave_common::error::Result;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkCatalog;
+use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkFormatDesc};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::{
+    CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_fragment_graph::Parallelism;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
-    CreateSink, CreateSinkStatement, EmitMode, ObjectName, Query, Select, SelectItem, SetExpr,
-    TableFactor, TableWithJoins,
+    CreateSink, CreateSinkStatement, EmitMode, Encode, Format, ObjectName, Query, Select,
+    SelectItem, SetExpr, SinkSchema, TableFactor, TableWithJoins,
 };
 
 use super::create_mv::get_column_names;
@@ -36,7 +42,7 @@ use crate::scheduler::streaming_manager::CreatingStreamingJobInfo;
 use crate::session::SessionImpl;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::build_graph;
 use crate::utils::resolve_privatelink_in_with_option;
-use crate::Planner;
+use crate::{Planner, WithOptions};
 
 pub fn gen_sink_query_from_name(from_name: ObjectName) -> Result<Query> {
     let table_factor = TableFactor::Table {
@@ -115,6 +121,29 @@ pub fn gen_sink_plan(
         context.warn_to_user("EMIT ON WINDOW CLOSE is currently an experimental feature. Please use it with caution.");
     }
 
+    let connector = with_options
+        .get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY)
+        .ok_or_else(|| ErrorCode::BindError(format!("missing field '{CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY}'")))?;
+    let format_desc = match stmt.sink_schema {
+        // Case A: new syntax `format ... encode ...`
+        Some(f) => {
+            validate_compatibility(connector, &f)?;
+            Some(bind_sink_format_desc(f)?)
+        },
+        None => match with_options.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION) {
+            // Case B: old syntax `type = '...'`
+            Some(t) => SinkFormatDesc::from_legacy_type(connector, t)?.map(|mut f| {
+                session.notice_to_user("Consider using the newer syntax `FORMAT ... ENCODE ...` instead of `type = '...'`.");
+                if let Some(v) = with_options.get(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION) {
+                    f.options.insert(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION.into(), v.into());
+                }
+                f
+            }),
+            // Case C: no format + encode required
+            None => None,
+        },
+    };
+
     let mut plan_root = Planner::new(context).plan_query(bound)?;
     if let Some(col_names) = col_names {
         plan_root.set_out_names(col_names)?;
@@ -127,6 +156,7 @@ pub fn gen_sink_plan(
         emit_on_window_close,
         db_name.to_owned(),
         sink_from_table_name,
+        format_desc,
     )?;
     let sink_desc = sink_plan.sink_desc().clone();
     let sink_plan: PlanRef = sink_plan.into();
@@ -195,6 +225,102 @@ pub async fn handle_create_sink(
     Ok(PgResponse::empty_result(StatementType::CREATE_SINK))
 }
 
+/// Transforms the (format, encode, options) from sqlparser AST into an internal struct `SinkFormatDesc`.
+/// This is an analogy to (part of) [`crate::handler::create_source::try_bind_columns_from_source`]
+/// which transforms sqlparser AST `SourceSchemaV2` into `StreamSourceInfo`.
+fn bind_sink_format_desc(value: SinkSchema) -> Result<SinkFormatDesc> {
+    use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat};
+    use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{Encode as E, Format as F};
+
+    let format = match value.format {
+        F::Plain => SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+        F::Upsert => SinkFormat::Upsert,
+        F::Debezium => SinkFormat::Debezium,
+        f @ (F::Native | F::DebeziumMongo | F::Maxwell | F::Canal) => {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!("sink format unsupported: {f}")).into())
+        }
+    };
+    let encode = match value.row_encode {
+        E::Json => SinkEncode::Json,
+        E::Protobuf => SinkEncode::Protobuf,
+        E::Avro => SinkEncode::Avro,
+        e @ (E::Native | E::Csv | E::Bytes) => {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!("sink encode unsupported: {e}")).into())
+        }
+    };
+    let options = WithOptions::try_from(value.row_options.as_slice())?.into_inner();
+
+    Ok(SinkFormatDesc {
+        format,
+        encode,
+        options,
+    })
+}
+
+static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, Vec<Encode>>>> =
+    LazyLock::new(|| {
+        use risingwave_connector::sink::kafka::KafkaSink;
+        use risingwave_connector::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink;
+        use risingwave_connector::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink;
+        use risingwave_connector::sink::Sink as _;
+
+        convert_args!(hashmap!(
+                KafkaSink::SINK_NAME => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
+                ),
+                KinesisSink::SINK_NAME => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
+                ),
+                PulsarSink::SINK_NAME => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
+                ),
+        ))
+    });
+pub fn validate_compatibility(connector: &str, format_desc: &SinkSchema) -> Result<()> {
+    let compatible_formats = CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS
+        .get(connector)
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+                "connector {} is not supported by FORMAT ... ENCODE ... syntax",
+                connector
+            ))
+        })?;
+    let compatible_encodes = compatible_formats.get(&format_desc.format).ok_or_else(|| {
+        ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+            "connector {} does not support format {:?}",
+            connector, format_desc.format
+        ))
+    })?;
+    if !compatible_encodes.contains(&format_desc.row_encode) {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+            "connector {} does not support format {:?} with encode {:?}",
+            connector, format_desc.format, format_desc.row_encode
+        ))
+        .into());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// For `planner_test` crate so that it does not depend directly on `connector` crate just for `SinkFormatDesc`.
+impl TryFrom<&WithOptions> for Option<SinkFormatDesc> {
+    type Error = risingwave_connector::sink::SinkError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &WithOptions) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let connector = value.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY);
+        let r#type = value.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION);
+        match (connector, r#type) {
+            (Some(c), Some(t)) => SinkFormatDesc::from_legacy_type(c, t),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
index c53758ec80b69..aaab8ebde3dcd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, ColumnId, ConflictBehavior, Fiel
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkFormatDesc;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::WatermarkDesc;
 
 use self::heuristic_optimizer::ApplyOrder;
@@ -557,6 +558,7 @@ impl PlanRoot {
         emit_on_window_close: bool,
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_table_name: String,
+        format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
     ) -> Result<StreamSink> {
         let stream_plan = self.gen_optimized_stream_plan(emit_on_window_close)?;
 
@@ -571,6 +573,7 @@ impl PlanRoot {
             self.out_names.clone(),
             definition,
             properties,
+            format_desc,
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
index 4b9250c4b23f5..d1cd407a7e7dd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_common::constants::log_store::{
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::desc::SinkDesc;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkId, SinkType};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc, SinkId, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
     SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
     SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION,
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ impl StreamSink {
         out_names: Vec<String>,
         definition: String,
         properties: WithOptions,
+        format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let columns = derive_columns(input.schema(), out_names, &user_cols)?;
         let (input, sink) = Self::derive_sink_desc(
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ impl StreamSink {
             columns,
             definition,
             properties,
+            format_desc,
         )?;
 
         Ok(Self::new(input, sink))
@@ -105,8 +107,10 @@ impl StreamSink {
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         definition: String,
         properties: WithOptions,
+        format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
     ) -> Result<(PlanRef, SinkDesc)> {
-        let sink_type = Self::derive_sink_type(input.append_only(), &properties)?;
+        let sink_type =
+            Self::derive_sink_type(input.append_only(), &properties, format_desc.as_ref())?;
         let (pk, _) = derive_pk(input.clone(), user_order_by, &columns);
         let downstream_pk = Self::parse_downstream_pk(&columns, properties.get(DOWNSTREAM_PK_KEY))?;
 
@@ -157,11 +161,12 @@ impl StreamSink {
             distribution_key,
             properties: properties.into_inner(),
             sink_type,
+            format_desc,
         };
         Ok((input, sink_desc))
     }
 
-    fn derive_sink_type(input_append_only: bool, properties: &WithOptions) -> Result<SinkType> {
+    fn is_user_defined_append_only(properties: &WithOptions) -> Result<bool> {
         if let Some(sink_type) = properties.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION) {
             if sink_type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY
                 && sink_type != SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM
@@ -180,7 +185,10 @@ impl StreamSink {
                 .into());
             }
         }
+        Ok(properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY))
+    }
 
+    fn is_user_force_append_only(properties: &WithOptions) -> Result<bool> {
         if properties.contains_key(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION)
             && !properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION, "true")
             && !properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION, "false")
@@ -194,12 +202,25 @@ impl StreamSink {
             )))
             .into());
         }
+        Ok(properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION, "true"))
+    }
 
+    fn derive_sink_type(
+        input_append_only: bool,
+        properties: &WithOptions,
+        format_desc: Option<&SinkFormatDesc>,
+    ) -> Result<SinkType> {
         let frontend_derived_append_only = input_append_only;
-        let user_defined_append_only =
-            properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY);
-        let user_force_append_only =
-            properties.value_eq_ignore_case(SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION, "true");
+        let (user_defined_append_only, user_force_append_only) = match format_desc {
+            Some(f) => (
+                f.format == SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+                Self::is_user_force_append_only(&WithOptions::from_inner(f.options.clone()))?,
+            ),
+            None => (
+                Self::is_user_defined_append_only(properties)?,
+                Self::is_user_force_append_only(properties)?,
+            ),
+        };
 
         match (
             frontend_derived_append_only,
@@ -212,14 +233,14 @@ impl StreamSink {
             (false, true, false) => {
                 Err(ErrorCode::SinkError(Box::new(Error::new(
                     ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                        "The sink cannot be append-only. Please add \"force_append_only='true'\" in WITH options to force the sink to be append-only. Notice that this will cause the sink executor to drop any UPDATE or DELETE message.",
+                        "The sink cannot be append-only. Please add \"force_append_only='true'\" in options to force the sink to be append-only. Notice that this will cause the sink executor to drop any UPDATE or DELETE message.",
                 )))
                 .into())
             }
             (_, false, true) => {
                 Err(ErrorCode::SinkError(Box::new(Error::new(
                     ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                    "Cannot force the sink to be append-only without \"type='append-only'\"in WITH options.",
+                    "Cannot force the sink to be append-only without \"FORMAT PLAIN\" or \"type='append-only'\".",
                 )))
                 .into())
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
index baf03184c4a14..4b0a70ef856dc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/with_options.rs
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ impl WithOptions {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn from_inner(inner: BTreeMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        Self { inner }
+    }
+
     /// Get the reference of the inner map.
     pub fn inner(&self) -> &BTreeMap<String, String> {
         &self.inner
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
index 73d96895b608e..cd7f66c8ed865 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ mod tests {
             columns: vec![],
             downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
@@ -595,6 +596,7 @@ mod tests {
             columns: vec![],
             downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
@@ -633,6 +635,7 @@ mod tests {
             columns: vec![],
             downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
@@ -715,6 +718,7 @@ mod tests {
             columns: vec![],
             downstream_pk: vec![],
             sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index d2120c23b07fd..76de970a919a9 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -497,6 +497,30 @@ impl Parser {
             Ok(parse_source_schema(self)?)
         }
     }
+
+    /// Parse `FORMAT ... ENCODE ... (...)` in `CREATE SINK`.
+    ///
+    /// TODO: After [`SourceSchemaV2`] and [`SinkSchema`] merge, call this in [`parse_source_schema`].
+    pub fn parse_schema(&mut self) -> Result<Option<SinkSchema>, ParserError> {
+        if !self.parse_keyword(Keyword::FORMAT) {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
+        let id = self.parse_identifier()?;
+        let s = id.value.to_ascii_uppercase();
+        let format = Format::from_keyword(&s)?;
+        self.expect_keyword(Keyword::ENCODE)?;
+        let id = self.parse_identifier()?;
+        let s = id.value.to_ascii_uppercase();
+        let row_encode = Encode::from_keyword(&s)?;
+        let row_options = self.parse_options()?;
+
+        Ok(Some(SinkSchema {
+            format,
+            row_encode,
+            row_options,
+        }))
+    }
 }
 
 impl SourceSchemaV2 {
@@ -798,6 +822,27 @@ impl fmt::Display for CreateSink {
     }
 }
 
+/// Same as [`SourceSchemaV2`]. Will be merged in a dedicated rename PR.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct SinkSchema {
+    pub format: Format,
+    pub row_encode: Encode,
+    pub row_options: Vec<SqlOption>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SinkSchema {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "FORMAT {} ENCODE {}", self.format, self.row_encode)?;
+
+        if !self.row_options.is_empty() {
+            write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(&self.row_options))
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // sql_grammar!(CreateSinkStatement {
 //     if_not_exists => [Keyword::IF, Keyword::NOT, Keyword::EXISTS],
 //     sink_name: Ident,
@@ -814,6 +859,7 @@ pub struct CreateSinkStatement {
     pub sink_from: CreateSink,
     pub columns: Vec<Ident>,
     pub emit_mode: Option<EmitMode>,
+    pub sink_schema: Option<SinkSchema>,
 }
 
 impl ParseTo for CreateSinkStatement {
@@ -842,6 +888,8 @@ impl ParseTo for CreateSinkStatement {
             ));
         }
 
+        let sink_schema = p.parse_schema()?;
+
         Ok(Self {
             if_not_exists,
             sink_name,
@@ -849,6 +897,7 @@ impl ParseTo for CreateSinkStatement {
             sink_from,
             columns,
             emit_mode,
+            sink_schema,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -863,6 +912,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for CreateSinkStatement {
             v.push(format!("EMIT {}", emit_mode));
         }
         impl_fmt_display!(with_properties, v, self);
+        if let Some(schema) = &self.sink_schema {
+            v.push(format!("{}", schema));
+        }
         v.iter().join(" ").fmt(f)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/create.yaml b/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/create.yaml
index 92bdabc83048c..5509ccad53a04 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/create.yaml
+++ b/src/sqlparser/tests/testdata/create.yaml
@@ -48,6 +48,24 @@
   formatted_sql: CREATE SINK IF NOT EXISTS snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'mysql', mysql.endpoint = '127.0.0.1:3306', mysql.table = '<table_name>', mysql.database = '<database_name>', mysql.user = '<user_name>', mysql.password = '<password>')
 - input: CREATE SINK IF NOT EXISTS snk AS SELECT count(*) AS cnt FROM mv WITH (connector = 'mysql', mysql.endpoint = '127.0.0.1:3306', mysql.table = '<table_name>', mysql.database = '<database_name>', mysql.user = '<user_name>', mysql.password = '<password>')
   formatted_sql: CREATE SINK IF NOT EXISTS snk AS SELECT count(*) AS cnt FROM mv WITH (connector = 'mysql', mysql.endpoint = '127.0.0.1:3306', mysql.table = '<table_name>', mysql.database = '<database_name>', mysql.user = '<user_name>', mysql.password = '<password>')
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic', type = 'append-only');
+  formatted_sql: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic', type = 'append-only')
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') format plain encode json;
+  formatted_sql: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') format upsert encode protobuf (schema.location = 'location', message = 'main_message');
+  formatted_sql: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') FORMAT UPSERT ENCODE PROTOBUF (schema.location = 'location', message = 'main_message')
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') format;
+  error_msg: |-
+    sql parser error: Expected identifier, found: ; at line:1, column:123
+    Near " topic = 'test_topic') format;"
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') format debezium;
+  error_msg: |-
+    sql parser error: Expected ENCODE, found: ; at line:1, column:132
+    Near "topic = 'test_topic') format debezium"
+- input: CREATE SINK snk FROM mv WITH (connector = 'kafka', properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:9092', topic = 'test_topic') format debezium encode;
+  error_msg: |-
+    sql parser error: Expected identifier, found: ; at line:1, column:139
+    Near " 'test_topic') format debezium encode;"
 - input: create user tmp createdb nocreatedb
   error_msg: 'sql parser error: conflicting or redundant options'
 - input: create user tmp createdb createdb
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index fcdb17a8f1163..a11dfb8d81421 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ mod test {
                 .collect(),
             downstream_pk: pk.clone(),
             sink_type: SinkType::ForceAppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
@@ -529,6 +530,7 @@ mod test {
                 .collect(),
             downstream_pk: vec![0],
             sink_type: SinkType::Upsert,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
@@ -647,6 +649,7 @@ mod test {
                 .collect(),
             downstream_pk: pk.clone(),
             sink_type: SinkType::ForceAppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
             db_name: "test".into(),
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index d8881ad643f9d..ba324e36a7f94 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnCatalog;
 use risingwave_connector::match_sink_name_str;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkType;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkFormatDesc, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
-    SinkError, SinkMetrics, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY,
+    SinkError, SinkMetrics, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{SinkLogStoreType, SinkNode};
 use risingwave_storage::dispatch_state_store;
@@ -80,6 +80,16 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 }
             )
         }?;
+        let format_desc = match &sink_desc.format_desc {
+            // Case A: new syntax `format ... encode ...`
+            Some(f) => Some(f.clone().try_into()?),
+            None => match sink_desc.properties.get(SINK_TYPE_OPTION) {
+                // Case B: old syntax `type = '...'`
+                Some(t) => SinkFormatDesc::from_legacy_type(connector, t)?,
+                // Case C: no format + encode required
+                None => None,
+            },
+        };
 
         let sink_param = SinkParam {
             sink_id,
@@ -91,6 +101,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 .collect(),
             downstream_pk,
             sink_type,
+            format_desc,
             db_name,
             sink_from_name,
         };

From 1546a33e493b66f1f94dd53cb3b3f09569845912 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 13:11:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 228/430] chore(ci): enable basic background_ddl test in
 standalone mode (#12621)

---
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh | 6 +-----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index e88704ca7a22f..47b2f8adddcb8 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -65,11 +65,7 @@ echo "--- e2e, $mode, batch"
 RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=info,risingwave_batch=info,risingwave_storage=info" \
 cluster_start
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
-if [[ $mode != "standalone" ]]; then
-  sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
-else
-  echo "Skipping background_ddl test for $mode"
-fi
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/visibility_mode/*.slt' --junit "batch-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/database/prepare.slt'
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d test './e2e_test/database/test.slt'

From 194b6066c1c399c8148b86f3b1af0e6b3b82de9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 16:23:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 229/430] feat(standalone): add compactor (#12623)

---
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh                    |  2 +-
 ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh                | 10 ++-
 risedev.yml                                   | 19 +----
 .../scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh       | 18 ++---
 src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh    |  7 +-
 src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh   |  7 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs                 | 76 +++++++++++++------
 7 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index 47b2f8adddcb8..76306a97ae6c7 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fi
 cluster_start() {
   if [[ $mode == "standalone" ]]; then
     start_standalone "$PREFIX_LOG"/standalone.log &
-    cargo make ci-start standalone-minio-etcd-compactor
+    cargo make ci-start standalone-minio-etcd
   else
     cargo make ci-start "$mode"
   fi
diff --git a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
index ca2f8c788f656..2b13242f33fb8 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ export RW_PREFIX=$PWD/.risingwave
 export PREFIX_BIN=$RW_PREFIX/bin
 export PREFIX_LOG=$RW_PREFIX/log
 
+# You can fill up this section by consulting
+# .risingwave/log/risedev.log, after calling `./risedev d full`.
+# It is expected that `minio`, `etcd` will be started after this is called.
 start_standalone() {
   RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
   "$PREFIX_BIN"/risingwave/standalone \
@@ -35,7 +38,12 @@ start_standalone() {
        --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
        --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
        --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-       --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" >"$1" 2>&1
+       --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" \
+     --compactor-opts=" \
+         --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+         --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1260 \
+         --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+         --meta-address http://127.0.0.1:5690" >"$1" 2>&1
 }
 
 stop_standalone() {
diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 2f0a793b91215..381ba957c3b2f 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ profile:
       - use: frontend
         user-managed: true
       - use: compactor
+        user-managed: true
       - use: prometheus
       - use: grafana
       - use: zookeeper
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ profile:
         persist-data: true
       - use: connector-node
 
-  standalone-minio-etcd-compactor:
+  standalone-minio-etcd:
     steps:
       - use: minio
       - use: etcd
@@ -156,23 +157,7 @@ profile:
       - use: frontend
         user-managed: true
       - use: compactor
-
-  standalone-full-peripherals-without-kafka:
-    steps:
-      - use: minio
-      - use: etcd
-      - use: meta-node
-        user-managed: true
-      - use: compute-node
         user-managed: true
-      - use: frontend
-        user-managed: true
-      - use: compactor
-      - use: prometheus
-      - use: grafana
-      - use: zookeeper
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: connector-node
 
   hdfs:
     steps:
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh b/src/cmd_all/scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh
index 95e903745e9fb..6c8c01740731b 100755
--- a/src/cmd_all/scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh
+++ b/src/cmd_all/scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh
@@ -62,16 +62,14 @@ echo "--- Starting standalone cluster"
 ./risedev standalone-demo-full >"$LOG_PREFIX"/standalone.log 2>&1 &
 STANDALONE_PID=$!
 
-# Wait for rw cluster to finish startup
-sleep 10
-
-# Make sure the env file is present
-set +e
-while [ ! -f "$RW_PREFIX"/config/risedev-env ]; do
-  echo "Waiting for risedev-env to be configured."
-  sleep 1
-done
-set -e
+sleep 15
+
+# FIXME: Integrate standalone into risedev, so we can reuse risedev-env functionality here.
+cat << EOF > "$RW_PREFIX"/config/risedev-env
+RW_META_ADDR="http://0.0.0.0:5690"
+RW_FRONTEND_LISTEN_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0"
+RW_FRONTEND_PORT="4566"
+EOF
 
 echo "--- Setting up table"
 ./risedev psql -c "
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
index 1819f4065da5c..87c1e0ab9b61b 100755
--- a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
+++ b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-dev.sh
@@ -34,4 +34,9 @@ cargo run -p risingwave_cmd_all \
                  --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
                  --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
                  --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-                 --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690"
\ No newline at end of file
+                 --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" \
+               --compactor-opts=" \
+                 --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+                 --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1260 \
+                 --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+                 --meta-address http://127.0.0.1:5690"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
index 4fa3fe183251c..46ca69b982593 100755
--- a/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
+++ b/src/cmd_all/scripts/standalone-demo-full.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,12 @@ start_standalone() {
                    --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
                    --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
                    --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
-                   --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690"
+                   --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" \
+                 --compactor-opts=" \
+                   --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+                   --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1260 \
+                   --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:6660 \
+                   --meta-address http://127.0.0.1:5690"
 }
 
 start_standalone
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
index bd0db110e2f8c..ca4542d5d0c51 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
@@ -32,21 +32,45 @@ pub struct StandaloneOpts {
     #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_FRONTEND_OPTS", default_value = "")]
     /// Frontend node options
     frontend_opts: String,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPACTOR_OPTS", default_value = "")]
+    /// Frontend node options
+    compactor_opts: String,
 }
 
-fn parse_opt_args(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> (Vec<String>, Vec<String>, Vec<String>) {
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ParsedStandaloneOpts {
+    pub meta_opts: Vec<String>,
+    pub compute_opts: Vec<String>,
+    pub frontend_opts: Vec<String>,
+    pub compactor_opts: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+fn parse_opt_args(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> ParsedStandaloneOpts {
     let meta_opts = split(&opts.meta_opts).unwrap();
     let compute_opts = split(&opts.compute_opts).unwrap();
     let frontend_opts = split(&opts.frontend_opts).unwrap();
-    (meta_opts, compute_opts, frontend_opts)
+    let compactor_opts = split(&opts.compactor_opts).unwrap();
+    ParsedStandaloneOpts {
+        meta_opts,
+        compute_opts,
+        frontend_opts,
+        compactor_opts,
+    }
 }
 
 fn get_services(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> Vec<RisingWaveService> {
-    let (meta_opts, compute_opts, frontend_opts) = parse_opt_args(opts);
+    let ParsedStandaloneOpts {
+        meta_opts,
+        compute_opts,
+        frontend_opts,
+        compactor_opts,
+    } = parse_opt_args(opts);
     let services = vec![
         RisingWaveService::Meta(osstrs(meta_opts)),
         RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs(compute_opts)),
         RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs(frontend_opts)),
+        RisingWaveService::Compactor(osstrs(compactor_opts)),
     ];
     services
 }
@@ -83,8 +107,12 @@ pub async fn standalone(opts: StandaloneOpts) -> Result<()> {
                 let _frontend_handle =
                     tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_frontend::start(opts).await });
             }
-            RisingWaveService::Compactor(_) => {
-                panic!("Compactor node unsupported in Risingwave standalone mode.");
+            RisingWaveService::Compactor(mut opts) => {
+                opts.insert(0, "compactor-node".into());
+                tracing::info!("starting compactor-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
+                let opts = risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts::parse_from(opts);
+                let _compactor_handle =
+                    tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_compactor::start(opts).await });
             }
             RisingWaveService::ConnectorNode(_) => {
                 panic!("Connector node unsupported in Risingwave standalone mode.");
@@ -126,28 +154,32 @@ mod test {
             compute_opts: "--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000".into(),
             meta_opts: "--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001".into(),
             frontend_opts: "--some-option".into(),
+            compactor_opts: "--some-other-option".into(),
         };
         let actual = parse_opt_args(&opts);
         check(
             actual,
             expect![[r#"
-            (
-                [
-                    "--data-dir",
-                    "some path with spaces",
-                    "--port",
-                    "8001",
-                ],
-                [
-                    "--listen-address",
-                    "127.0.0.1",
-                    "--port",
-                    "8000",
-                ],
-                [
-                    "--some-option",
-                ],
-            )"#]],
+                ParsedStandaloneOpts {
+                    meta_opts: [
+                        "--data-dir",
+                        "some path with spaces",
+                        "--port",
+                        "8001",
+                    ],
+                    compute_opts: [
+                        "--listen-address",
+                        "127.0.0.1",
+                        "--port",
+                        "8000",
+                    ],
+                    frontend_opts: [
+                        "--some-option",
+                    ],
+                    compactor_opts: [
+                        "--some-other-option",
+                    ],
+                }"#]],
         );
     }
 }

From ffa0758ebbc03a7ed25c5d044fbc69b55bc2f971 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 09:26:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 230/430] chore(deps): Bump pprof from 0.12.1 to 0.13.0
 (#12617)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                   | 4 ++--
 src/compute/Cargo.toml       | 2 +-
 src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6aa95cbffff39..a84f69ad0b599 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6019,9 +6019,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pprof"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "978385d59daf9269189d052ca8a84c1acfd0715c0599a5d5188d4acc078ca46a"
+checksum = "ef5c97c51bd34c7e742402e216abdeb44d415fbe6ae41d56b114723e953711cb"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "cfg-if",
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 7fb7dbd1ab2bd..d361147837105 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hyper = "0.14"
 itertools = "0.11"
 maplit = "1.0.2"
-pprof = { version = "0.12", features = ["flamegraph"] }
+pprof = { version = "0.13", features = ["flamegraph"] }
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_batch = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
index f63f7d63d7e7b..5fb95e09319c0 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ hostname = "0.3"
 opentelemetry-otlp = { version = "0.13" }
 opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = "0.12"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
-pprof = { version = "0.12", features = ["flamegraph"] }
+pprof = { version = "0.13", features = ["flamegraph"] }
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_variables = { workspace = true }

From e365f2f8769b1ed98ede2c8fb866932a4464463b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 10:47:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 231/430] feat(standalone): support optionally including
 components (#12626)

---
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh     |  57 ++++++++++++++++-
 ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh |  38 ++++++++++-
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml  |   2 +-
 risedev.yml                    |  12 ++++
 src/cmd_all/src/common.rs      |   1 -
 src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs  | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 6 files changed, 169 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index 76306a97ae6c7..e839c551610c3 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -28,18 +28,25 @@ fi
 
 cluster_start() {
   if [[ $mode == "standalone" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p "$PREFIX_LOG"
+    cargo make clean-data
+    cargo make pre-start-dev
     start_standalone "$PREFIX_LOG"/standalone.log &
-    cargo make ci-start standalone-minio-etcd
+    cargo make dev standalone-minio-etcd
   else
     cargo make ci-start "$mode"
   fi
 }
 
 cluster_stop() {
-  if [[ $mode == "standalone" ]]; then
+  if [[ $mode == "standalone" ]]
+  then
     stop_standalone
+    # Don't check standalone logs, they will exceed the limit.
+    cargo make kill
+  else
+    cargo make ci-kill
   fi
-  cargo make ci-kill
 }
 
 download_and_prepare_rw "$profile" common
@@ -180,6 +187,13 @@ if [[ "$mode" == "standalone" ]]; then
   run_sql() {
     psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root -c "$@"
   }
+  compactor_is_online() {
+    set +e
+    grep -q "risingwave_cmd_all::standalone: starting compactor-node thread" "${PREFIX_LOG}/standalone.log"
+    local EXIT_CODE=$?
+    set -e
+    return $EXIT_CODE
+  }
 
   echo "--- e2e, standalone, cluster-persistence-test"
   cluster_start
@@ -210,6 +224,43 @@ if [[ "$mode" == "standalone" ]]; then
   echo "--- Kill cluster"
   cluster_stop
 
+  wait
+
+  # Test that we can optionally include nodes in standalone mode.
+  echo "--- e2e, standalone, cluster-opts-test"
+
+  echo "test standalone without compactor"
+  mkdir -p "$PREFIX_LOG"
+  cargo make clean-data
+  cargo make pre-start-dev
+  start_standalone_without_compactor "$PREFIX_LOG"/standalone.log &
+  cargo make dev standalone-minio-etcd-compactor
+  wait_standalone
+  if compactor_is_online
+  then
+    echo "ERROR: Compactor should not be online."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  cluster_stop
+  echo "test standalone without compactor [TEST PASSED]"
+
+  wait
+
+  echo "test standalone with compactor"
+  mkdir -p "$PREFIX_LOG"
+  cargo make clean-data
+  cargo make pre-start-dev
+  start_standalone "$PREFIX_LOG"/standalone.log &
+  cargo make dev standalone-minio-etcd
+  wait_standalone
+  if ! compactor_is_online
+  then
+    echo "ERROR: Compactor should be online."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  cluster_stop
+  echo "test standalone with compactor [TEST PASSED]"
+
   # Make sure any remaining background task exits.
   wait
 fi
diff --git a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
index 2b13242f33fb8..438f413ebe4dc 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/standalone-utils.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,43 @@ export RW_PREFIX=$PWD/.risingwave
 export PREFIX_BIN=$RW_PREFIX/bin
 export PREFIX_LOG=$RW_PREFIX/log
 
+# NOTE(kwannoel): Compared to start_standalone below, we omitted the compactor-opts,
+# so it should not start.
+start_standalone_without_compactor() {
+  RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
+  "$PREFIX_BIN"/risingwave/standalone \
+     --meta-opts=" \
+        --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:5690 \
+        --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:5690 \
+        --dashboard-host 127.0.0.1:5691 \
+        --prometheus-host 127.0.0.1:1250 \
+        --connector-rpc-endpoint 127.0.0.1:50051 \
+        --backend etcd \
+        --etcd-endpoints 127.0.0.1:2388 \
+        --state-store hummock+minio://hummockadmin:hummockadmin@127.0.0.1:9301/hummock001 \
+        --data-directory hummock_001 \
+        --dashboard-ui-path $RW_PREFIX/ui" \
+     --compute-opts=" \
+        --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
+        --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:1222 \
+        --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:5688 \
+        --async-stack-trace verbose \
+        --connector-rpc-endpoint 127.0.0.1:50051 \
+        --parallelism 4 \
+        --total-memory-bytes 8589934592 \
+        --role both \
+        --meta-address http://127.0.0.1:5690" \
+     --frontend-opts=" \
+       --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
+       --advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:4566 \
+       --prometheus-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:2222 \
+       --health-check-listener-addr 127.0.0.1:6786 \
+       --meta-addr http://127.0.0.1:5690" >"$1" 2>&1
+}
+
 # You can fill up this section by consulting
-# .risingwave/log/risedev.log, after calling `./risedev d full`.
-# It is expected that `minio`, `etcd` will be started after this is called.
+# .risingwave/log/risedev.log, after calling ./risedev d full.
+# It is expected that minio, etcd will be started after this is called.
 start_standalone() {
   RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
   "$PREFIX_BIN"/risingwave/standalone \
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index baaf73a3b597e..d08740408141d 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 25
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "fuzz test"
diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 381ba957c3b2f..8ca3df2a7e696 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -159,6 +159,18 @@ profile:
       - use: compactor
         user-managed: true
 
+  standalone-minio-etcd-compactor:
+    steps:
+      - use: minio
+      - use: etcd
+      - use: meta-node
+        user-managed: true
+      - use: compute-node
+        user-managed: true
+      - use: frontend
+        user-managed: true
+      - use: compactor
+
   hdfs:
     steps:
       # - use: etcd
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
index c7df4e5821360..4d9a47e7d4716 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ pub enum RisingWaveService {
     Compute(Vec<OsString>),
     Meta(Vec<OsString>),
     Frontend(Vec<OsString>),
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     Compactor(Vec<OsString>),
     ConnectorNode(Vec<OsString>),
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
index ca4542d5d0c51..2a9039c53cfa1 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
@@ -19,38 +19,38 @@ use tokio::signal;
 
 use crate::common::{osstrs, RisingWaveService};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser)]
+#[derive(Eq, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Parser)]
 pub struct StandaloneOpts {
     /// Compute node options
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPUTE_OPTS", default_value = "")]
-    compute_opts: String,
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPUTE_OPTS")]
+    compute_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_META_OPTS", default_value = "")]
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_META_OPTS")]
     /// Meta node options
-    meta_opts: String,
+    meta_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_FRONTEND_OPTS", default_value = "")]
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_FRONTEND_OPTS")]
     /// Frontend node options
-    frontend_opts: String,
+    frontend_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPACTOR_OPTS", default_value = "")]
+    #[clap(long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPACTOR_OPTS")]
     /// Frontend node options
-    compactor_opts: String,
+    compactor_opts: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ParsedStandaloneOpts {
-    pub meta_opts: Vec<String>,
-    pub compute_opts: Vec<String>,
-    pub frontend_opts: Vec<String>,
-    pub compactor_opts: Vec<String>,
+    pub meta_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub compute_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub frontend_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub compactor_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 fn parse_opt_args(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> ParsedStandaloneOpts {
-    let meta_opts = split(&opts.meta_opts).unwrap();
-    let compute_opts = split(&opts.compute_opts).unwrap();
-    let frontend_opts = split(&opts.frontend_opts).unwrap();
-    let compactor_opts = split(&opts.compactor_opts).unwrap();
+    let meta_opts = opts.meta_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
+    let compute_opts = opts.compute_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
+    let frontend_opts = opts.frontend_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
+    let compactor_opts = opts.compactor_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
     ParsedStandaloneOpts {
         meta_opts,
         compute_opts,
@@ -66,12 +66,19 @@ fn get_services(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> Vec<RisingWaveService> {
         frontend_opts,
         compactor_opts,
     } = parse_opt_args(opts);
-    let services = vec![
-        RisingWaveService::Meta(osstrs(meta_opts)),
-        RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs(compute_opts)),
-        RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs(frontend_opts)),
-        RisingWaveService::Compactor(osstrs(compactor_opts)),
-    ];
+    let mut services = vec![];
+    if let Some(meta_opts) = meta_opts {
+        services.push(RisingWaveService::Meta(osstrs(meta_opts)));
+    }
+    if let Some(compute_opts) = compute_opts {
+        services.push(RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs(compute_opts)));
+    }
+    if let Some(frontend_opts) = frontend_opts {
+        services.push(RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs(frontend_opts)));
+    }
+    if let Some(compactor_opts) = compactor_opts {
+        services.push(RisingWaveService::Compactor(osstrs(compactor_opts)));
+    }
     services
 }
 
@@ -150,35 +157,49 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_opt_args() {
+        // Test parsing into standalone-level opts.
+        let raw_opts = "
+--compute-opts=--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000
+--meta-opts=--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001
+--frontend-opts=--some-option
+";
+        let actual = StandaloneOpts::parse_from(raw_opts.lines());
         let opts = StandaloneOpts {
-            compute_opts: "--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000".into(),
-            meta_opts: "--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001".into(),
-            frontend_opts: "--some-option".into(),
-            compactor_opts: "--some-other-option".into(),
+            compute_opts: Some("--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000".into()),
+            meta_opts: Some("--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001".into()),
+            frontend_opts: Some("--some-option".into()),
+            compactor_opts: None,
         };
+        assert_eq!(actual, opts);
+
+        // Test parsing into node-level opts.
         let actual = parse_opt_args(&opts);
         check(
             actual,
             expect![[r#"
                 ParsedStandaloneOpts {
-                    meta_opts: [
-                        "--data-dir",
-                        "some path with spaces",
-                        "--port",
-                        "8001",
-                    ],
-                    compute_opts: [
-                        "--listen-address",
-                        "127.0.0.1",
-                        "--port",
-                        "8000",
-                    ],
-                    frontend_opts: [
-                        "--some-option",
-                    ],
-                    compactor_opts: [
-                        "--some-other-option",
-                    ],
+                    meta_opts: Some(
+                        [
+                            "--data-dir",
+                            "some path with spaces",
+                            "--port",
+                            "8001",
+                        ],
+                    ),
+                    compute_opts: Some(
+                        [
+                            "--listen-address",
+                            "127.0.0.1",
+                            "--port",
+                            "8000",
+                        ],
+                    ),
+                    frontend_opts: Some(
+                        [
+                            "--some-option",
+                        ],
+                    ),
+                    compactor_opts: None,
                 }"#]],
         );
     }

From 8195963bfdabcdaaa08c27c74f0855c299b05a64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 14:38:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 232/430] fix(meta): handle case where progress is done
 (#12631)

---
 src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
index 057e0646279dd..6344667130b60 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
@@ -93,9 +93,7 @@ impl Progress {
         match self.states.remove(&actor).unwrap() {
             ChainState::Init => {}
             ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(_, old_consumed_rows) => {
-                if !matches!(new_state, ChainState::Done(_)) {
-                    self.consumed_rows -= old_consumed_rows;
-                }
+                self.consumed_rows -= old_consumed_rows;
             }
             ChainState::Done(_) => panic!("should not report done multiple times"),
         };

From e53c9f74d12d44bb39a61e983208d6468221f8f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 17:59:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 233/430] fix: enable jemalloc-based memory control on macOS as
 well (#12625)

---
 .config/hakari.toml                              |  3 +++
 Cargo.lock                                       |  1 -
 Cargo.toml                                       |  1 +
 src/batch/Cargo.toml                             |  2 --
 src/batch/benches/expand.rs                      |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/filter.rs                      |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs                    |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/hash_join.rs                   |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/limit.rs                       |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/nested_loop_join.rs            |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/sort.rs                        |  4 ++--
 src/batch/benches/top_n.rs                       |  4 ++--
 src/cmd/Cargo.toml                               |  8 +++-----
 src/cmd/src/lib.rs                               |  4 ++--
 src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml                           |  8 +++-----
 src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs                |  4 ++--
 src/common/Cargo.toml                            |  1 -
 src/common/src/jemalloc.rs                       |  5 ++---
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                           |  4 +---
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs         | 15 ++++-----------
 src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs   |  1 +
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs    |  7 +++----
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs |  7 +++----
 src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs    |  7 +++----
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml                  |  4 +---
 25 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.config/hakari.toml b/.config/hakari.toml
index 4d9ec4b357346..c1355e0892334 100644
--- a/.config/hakari.toml
+++ b/.config/hakari.toml
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ workspace-members = [
 ]
 third-party = [
     { name = "opendal" },
+    # For some reasons, tikv-jemalloc-sys would be compiled twice if being added into `workspace-hack`
+    { name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys", git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" },
+    { name = "tikv-jemallocator", git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" },
     # These are solely dev-dependencies. Unifying them may slow down build.
     { name = "criterion" },
     { name = "console" },
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a84f69ad0b599..01d09a424b84f 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7016,7 +7016,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "sysinfo",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
- "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tinyvec",
  "toml 0.7.8",
  "tower-layer",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index e82fb033c48d4..ad9af4d029f06 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ arrow-buffer = "46"
 arrow-flight = "46"
 arrow-select = "46"
 arrow-ord = "46"
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
   "profiling",
   "stats",
diff --git a/src/batch/Cargo.toml b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
index fd3f1b85bae7e..17a19d4771f60 100644
--- a/src/batch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
 rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = "3"
-
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
 tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
 
 [[bench]]
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/expand.rs b/src/batch/benches/expand.rs
index c300408bd8882..428b41c3bed5e 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/expand.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/expand.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ pub mod utils;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, ExpandExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_expand_executor(
     column_subsets: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/filter.rs b/src/batch/benches/filter.rs
index 28169ba6bcab5..1c2ff9c062a0e 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/filter.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/filter.rs
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ pub mod utils;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, FilterExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_filter_executor(chunk_size: usize, chunk_num: usize) -> BoxedExecutor {
     const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs b/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
index 16bcd91de9353..6e45b5317ef6f 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/hash_agg.rs
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ use risingwave_batch::task::ShutdownToken;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_common::{enable_jemalloc_on_unix, hash};
+use risingwave_common::{enable_jemalloc, hash};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbInputRef};
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_agg_call(
     input_schema: &Schema,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/hash_join.rs b/src/batch/benches/hash_join.rs
index b594c9da1642f..45d8bca36fb0a 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/hash_join.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ use risingwave_batch::task::ShutdownToken;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::schema_test_utils::field_n;
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_common::{enable_jemalloc_on_unix, hash};
+use risingwave_common::{enable_jemalloc, hash};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 use utils::bench_join;
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_hash_join_executor(
     join_type: JoinType,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/limit.rs b/src/batch/benches/limit.rs
index 3096a8cbea6eb..4905e35ff8beb 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/limit.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/limit.rs
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ pub mod utils;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, LimitExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_limit_executor(
     chunk_size: usize,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/nested_loop_join.rs b/src/batch/benches/nested_loop_join.rs
index b5fc33307c0ef..afbf2b8f17e4f 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/nested_loop_join.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/nested_loop_join.rs
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ pub mod utils;
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, JoinType, NestedLoopJoinExecutor};
 use risingwave_batch::task::ShutdownToken;
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 use utils::{bench_join, create_input};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_nested_loop_join_executor(
     join_type: JoinType,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/sort.rs b/src/batch/benches/sort.rs
index 1c089790f5f7a..022d9c8e0a974 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/sort.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/sort.rs
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ pub mod utils;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, SortExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_order_by_executor(
     chunk_size: usize,
diff --git a/src/batch/benches/top_n.rs b/src/batch/benches/top_n.rs
index a02a5b401860b..a24dc4e741446 100644
--- a/src/batch/benches/top_n.rs
+++ b/src/batch/benches/top_n.rs
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ pub mod utils;
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
 use risingwave_batch::executor::{BoxedExecutor, TopNExecutor};
-use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix;
+use risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc;
 use risingwave_common::memory::MemoryContext;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use utils::{create_input, execute_executor};
 
-enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+enable_jemalloc!();
 
 fn create_top_n_executor(
     chunk_size: usize,
diff --git a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
index 2837cb8ce2340..78dc7040f2ada 100644
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
+    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
+] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -46,11 +49,6 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 [target.'cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)'.dependencies]
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
-    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
-] }
-
 [[bin]]
 name = "frontend"
 path = "src/bin/frontend_node.rs"
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
index 6b748bf067c75..7dd34a8364c9a 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ use risingwave_rt::{init_risingwave_logger, main_okk, LoggerSettings};
 macro_rules! main {
     ($component:ident) => {
         #[cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)]
-        risingwave_common::enable_task_local_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+        risingwave_common::enable_task_local_jemalloc!();
 
         #[cfg(not(enable_task_local_alloc))]
-        risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+        risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc!();
 
         #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
         fn main() {
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
index ab185abeb46c7..922fd3b5812bc 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ shell-words = "1.1.0"
 strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 tempfile = "3"
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
+    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
+] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -63,11 +66,6 @@ vergen = { version = "8", default-features = false, features = [
 [target.'cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)'.dependencies]
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
-    "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
-] }
-
 [[bin]]
 name = "risingwave"
 path = "src/bin/risingwave.rs"
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
index 5aeffeed7ed5a..1d92ca768f88d 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ use strum_macros::{Display, EnumIter, EnumString, IntoStaticStr};
 use tracing::Level;
 
 #[cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)]
-risingwave_common::enable_task_local_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+risingwave_common::enable_task_local_jemalloc!();
 
 #[cfg(not(enable_task_local_alloc))]
-risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc_on_unix!();
+risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc!();
 
 const BINARY_NAME: &str = "risingwave";
 const VERSION: &str = {
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 982f317cc97ad..707e14f9178b0 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 sysinfo = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
 thiserror = "1"
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["rustc_1_55", "grab_spare_slice"] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/common/src/jemalloc.rs b/src/common/src/jemalloc.rs
index 5b7e1e4a2baed..fadf94a279813 100644
--- a/src/common/src/jemalloc.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/jemalloc.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 /// If <https://github.com/tikv/jemallocator/issues/22> is resolved, we may inline this
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! enable_jemalloc_on_unix {
+macro_rules! enable_jemalloc {
     () => {
         #[cfg(unix)]
         #[global_allocator]
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ macro_rules! enable_jemalloc_on_unix {
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! enable_task_local_jemalloc_on_unix {
+macro_rules! enable_task_local_jemalloc {
     () => {
-        #[cfg(unix)]
         #[global_allocator]
         static GLOBAL: task_stats_alloc::TaskLocalAlloc<tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc> =
             task_stats_alloc::TaskLocalAlloc(tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc);
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index d361147837105..1cf81e6070820 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ risingwave_storage = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_stream = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
@@ -53,9 +54,6 @@ tonic = { workspace = true }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
-
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
 workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 6d41eaac9955f..66f105a02607b 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -73,17 +73,10 @@ pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
 ) -> MemoryControlRef {
     use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
 
-    if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
-        Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
-            total_memory_bytes,
-            heap_profiling_config,
-        ))
-    } else {
-        // We disable memory control on operating systems other than Linux now because jemalloc
-        // stats do not work well.
-        tracing::warn!("memory control is only enabled on Linux now");
-        Box::new(DummyPolicy)
-    }
+    Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
+        total_memory_bytes,
+        heap_profiling_config,
+    ))
 }
 
 /// `DummyPolicy` is used for operarting systems other than Linux. It does nothing as memory control
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index dceadddb91d74..2ab2c2968597a 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             tracing::warn!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
             Err(Status::internal(e.to_string()))
         } else {
+            tracing::info!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file created: {}", &file_path);
             Ok(Response::new(HeapProfilingResponse {}))
         };
         response
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
index 9305fea7ff531..adecc007b8207 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compactor_service.rs
@@ -91,10 +91,9 @@ impl Task for CompactorService {
 
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_HEAP_PROFILE") {
             // See https://linux.die.net/man/3/jemalloc for the descriptions of profiling options
-            cmd.env(
-                "MALLOC_CONF",
-                "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:34,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:compactor",
-            );
+            let conf = "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:34,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:compactor";
+            cmd.env("_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF", conf); // prefixed for macos
+            cmd.env("MALLOC_CONF", conf); // unprefixed for linux
         }
 
         cmd.arg("--config-path")
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
index d048d5b9e6205..964105821b808 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
@@ -99,10 +99,9 @@ impl Task for ComputeNodeService {
 
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_HEAP_PROFILE") {
             // See https://linux.die.net/man/3/jemalloc for the descriptions of profiling options
-            cmd.env(
-                "MALLOC_CONF",
-                "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:34,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:compute-node",
-            );
+            let conf = "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:34,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:compute-node";
+            cmd.env("_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF", conf); // prefixed for macos
+            cmd.env("MALLOC_CONF", conf); // unprefixed for linux
         }
 
         cmd.arg("--config-path")
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
index 3f41dc9e14d56..5f03696ad3750 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
@@ -184,10 +184,9 @@ impl Task for MetaNodeService {
 
         if crate::util::is_env_set("RISEDEV_ENABLE_HEAP_PROFILE") {
             // See https://linux.die.net/man/3/jemalloc for the descriptions of profiling options
-            cmd.env(
-                "MALLOC_CONF",
-                "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:32,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:meta-node",
-            );
+            let conf = "prof:true,lg_prof_interval:32,lg_prof_sample:19,prof_prefix:meta-node";
+            cmd.env("_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF", conf); // prefixed for macos
+            cmd.env("MALLOC_CONF", conf); // unprefixed for linux
         }
 
         Self::apply_command_args(&mut cmd, &self.config, HummockInMemoryStrategy::Isolated)?;
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index c2f495aac11d6..c79c324ba51ec 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -47,14 +47,12 @@ serde_derive = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.107"
 sqllogictest = "0.17.0"
 tempfile = "3"
+tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "0.2.23", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true }
-
 [lints]
 workspace = true

From c1bbbc3f8c5851dbb5772d0744054a7dc92c2e2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 22:27:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 234/430] fix: report partition metrics (#12635)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |    2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 2005 ++++++++---------
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |    2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/kafka/stats.rs       |  142 +-
 4 files changed, 1025 insertions(+), 1126 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 95e250ab29d43..7d736b5db1b6f 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":""},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["last"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","query":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"bytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":6,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Memory","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The CPU usage of each RisingWave 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One is the leader and the rest are the 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Node","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":2},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":9,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The rate of successful recovery 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by (job, instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} S3 @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(connection_count{connection_type=\"S3\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job, instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""},{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(connection_count{connection_type=~\"grpc.*\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job, instance, connection_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} {{connection_type}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(connection_count{connection_type=~\"grpc.*\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job, instance, connection_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Existing connection 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by (job, instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} S3 @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(irate(connection_create_rate{connection_type=\"S3\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""},{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(irate(connection_create_rate{connection_type=~\"grpc.*\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, connection_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} {{connection_type}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(irate(connection_create_rate{connection_type=~\"grpc.*\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, connection_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Create new connection 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 61e62ee81db31..51abc67f64b45 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import logging
 import sys
+
 p = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 sys.path.append(p)
 from common import *
@@ -25,14 +26,14 @@ def section_actor_info(outer_panels):
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Actor/Table Id Info",
-        [
-            panels.table_info("Actor Id Info",
-                            "Mapping from actor id to fragment id",
-                            [panels.table_target(f"{metric('actor_info')}")], excluded_cols),
-            panels.table_info("Materialized View Info",
-                            "Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids",
-                            [panels.table_target(f"{metric('table_info')}")], excluded_cols),
-        ])
+            [
+                panels.table_info("Actor Id Info",
+                                  "Mapping from actor id to fragment id",
+                                  [panels.table_target(f"{metric('actor_info')}")], excluded_cols),
+                panels.table_info("Materialized View Info",
+                                  "Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids",
+                                  [panels.table_target(f"{metric('table_info')}")], excluded_cols),
+            ])
     ]
 
 
@@ -41,53 +42,53 @@ def section_cluster_node(outer_panels):
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Cluster Node",
-        [
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Node Count",
-                "The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(f"sum({metric('worker_num')}) by (worker_type)",
-                                "{{worker_type}}")
-                ],
-                ["last"],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_memory(
-                "Node Memory",
-                "The memory usage of each RisingWave component.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"avg({metric('process_resident_memory_bytes')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    )
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_cpu(
-                "Node CPU",
-                "The CPU usage of each RisingWave component.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('process_cpu_seconds_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)",
-                        "cpu usage (total) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Node Count",
+                    "The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"sum({metric('worker_num')}) by (worker_type)",
+                                      "{{worker_type}}")
+                    ],
+                    ["last"],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_memory(
+                    "Node Memory",
+                    "The memory usage of each RisingWave component.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"avg({metric('process_resident_memory_bytes')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_cpu(
+                    "Node CPU",
+                    "The CPU usage of each RisingWave component.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('process_cpu_seconds_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)",
+                            "cpu usage (total) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
 
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('process_cpu_seconds_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance) / avg({metric('process_cpu_core_num')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "cpu usage (avg per core) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('process_cpu_seconds_total')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance) / avg({metric('process_cpu_core_num')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "cpu usage (avg per core) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Meta Cluster",
-                "RW cluster can configure multiple meta nodes to achieve high availability. One is the leader and the "
-                "rest are the followers.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(f"sum({metric('meta_num')}) by (worker_addr,role)",
-                                "{{worker_addr}} @ {{role}}")
-                ],
-                ["last"],
-            ),
-        ])
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Meta Cluster",
+                    "RW cluster can configure multiple meta nodes to achieve high availability. One is the leader and the "
+                    "rest are the followers.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"sum({metric('meta_num')}) by (worker_addr,role)",
+                                      "{{worker_addr}} @ {{role}}")
+                    ],
+                    ["last"],
+                ),
+            ])
     ]
 
 
@@ -96,45 +97,45 @@ def section_recovery_node(outer_panels):
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Recovery",
-        [
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Recovery Successful Rate",
-                "The rate of successful recovery attempts",
-                [
-                    panels.target(f"sum(rate({metric('recovery_latency_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance)",
-                                "{{instance}}")
-                ],
-                ["last"],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Failed recovery attempts",
-                "Total number of failed reocovery attempts",
-                [
-                    panels.target(f"sum({metric('recovery_failure_cnt')}) by (instance)",
-                                "{{instance}}")
-                ],
-                ["last"],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Recovery latency",
-                "Time spent in a successful recovery attempt",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('recovery_latency_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance))",
-                            f"recovery latency p{legend}" +
-                            " - {{instance}}",
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Recovery Successful Rate",
+                    "The rate of successful recovery attempts",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"sum(rate({metric('recovery_latency_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance)",
+                                      "{{instance}}")
+                    ],
+                    ["last"],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Failed recovery attempts",
+                    "Total number of failed reocovery attempts",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"sum({metric('recovery_failure_cnt')}) by (instance)",
+                                      "{{instance}}")
+                    ],
+                    ["last"],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Recovery latency",
+                    "Time spent in a successful recovery attempt",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('recovery_latency_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance))",
+                                f"recovery latency p{legend}" +
+                                " - {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by (le) (rate({metric('recovery_latency_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by (le) (rate({metric('recovery_latency_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "recovery latency avg",
-                    ),
-                ],
-                ["last"],
-            )
-        ])
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by (le) (rate({metric('recovery_latency_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by (le) (rate({metric('recovery_latency_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "recovery latency avg",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    ["last"],
+                )
+            ])
     ]
 
 
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ def section_compaction(outer_panels):
                                 f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('storage_compact_task_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, group, type))",
                                 f"p{legend}" +
                                 " - cg{{group}}@{{type}}",
-                                ),
+                            ),
                             [90, "max"],
                         ),
                     ],
@@ -648,242 +649,242 @@ def section_streaming(outer_panels):
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Streaming",
-        [
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Source Throughput(rows/s)",
-                "The figure shows the number of rows read by each source per second.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('stream_source_output_rows_counts')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "source={{source_name}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Source Throughput(rows/s) Per Partition",
-                "Each query is executed in parallel with a user-defined parallelism. This figure shows the throughput of "
-                "each parallelism. The throughput of all the parallelism added up is equal to Source Throughput(rows).",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('partition_input_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}",
-                    )
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytesps(
-                "Source Throughput(MB/s)",
-                "The figure shows the number of bytes read by each source per second.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(sum by (source_id)(rate({metric('partition_input_bytes')}[$__rate_interval])))/(1000*1000)",
-                        "source={{source_id}}",
-                    )
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytesps(
-                "Source Throughput(MB/s) Per Partition",
-                "Each query is executed in parallel with a user-defined parallelism. This figure shows the throughput of "
-                "each parallelism. The throughput of all the parallelism added up is equal to Source Throughput(MB/s).",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(rate({metric('partition_input_bytes')}[$__rate_interval]))/(1000*1000)",
-                        "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}",
-                    )
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Source Throughput(rows) per barrier",
-                "RisingWave ingests barriers periodically to trigger computation and checkpoints. The frequency of "
-                "barrier can be set by barrier_interval_ms. This metric shows how many rows are ingested between two "
-                "consecutive barriers.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('stream_source_rows_per_barrier_counts')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} @ {{instance}}"
-                    )
-                ]
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Source Upstream Status",
-                "Monitor each source upstream, 0 means the upstream is not normal, 1 means the source is ready.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('source_status_is_up')}",
-                        "source_id={{source_id}}, source_name={{source_name}} @ {{instance}}"
-                    )
-                ]
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Source Split Change Events frequency(events/s)",
-                "Source Split Change Events frequency by source_id and actor_id",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('stream_source_split_change_event_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "source={{source_name}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
-                    )
-                ]
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Kafka Consumer Lag Size",
-                "Kafka Consumer Lag Size by source_id, partition and actor_id",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('high_watermark')}",
-                        "source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}"
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('latest_message_id')}",
-                        "source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}} actor_id={{actor_id}}"
-                    )
-                ]
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Sink Throughput(rows/s)",
-                "The figure shows the number of rows output by each sink per second.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        sink_throughput_query,
-                    "sink {{sink_name}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Source Throughput(rows/s)",
+                    "The figure shows the number of rows read by each source per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_source_output_rows_counts')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "source={{source_name}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Source Throughput(rows/s) Per Partition",
+                    "Each query is executed in parallel with a user-defined parallelism. This figure shows the throughput of "
+                    "each parallelism. The throughput of all the parallelism added up is equal to Source Throughput(rows).",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('partition_input_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}",
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytesps(
+                    "Source Throughput(MB/s)",
+                    "The figure shows the number of bytes read by each source per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(sum by (source_id)(rate({metric('partition_input_bytes')}[$__rate_interval])))/(1000*1000)",
+                            "source={{source_id}}",
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytesps(
+                    "Source Throughput(MB/s) Per Partition",
+                    "Each query is executed in parallel with a user-defined parallelism. This figure shows the throughput of "
+                    "each parallelism. The throughput of all the parallelism added up is equal to Source Throughput(MB/s).",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(rate({metric('partition_input_bytes')}[$__rate_interval]))/(1000*1000)",
+                            "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}",
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Source Throughput(rows) per barrier",
+                    "RisingWave ingests barriers periodically to trigger computation and checkpoints. The frequency of "
+                    "barrier can be set by barrier_interval_ms. This metric shows how many rows are ingested between two "
+                    "consecutive barriers.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_source_rows_per_barrier_counts')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "actor={{actor_id}} source={{source_id}} @ {{instance}}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Source Upstream Status",
+                    "Monitor each source upstream, 0 means the upstream is not normal, 1 means the source is ready.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('source_status_is_up')}",
+                            "source_id={{source_id}}, source_name={{source_name}} @ {{instance}}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Source Split Change Events frequency(events/s)",
+                    "Source Split Change Events frequency by source_id and actor_id",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_source_split_change_event_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "source={{source_name}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Kafka Consumer Lag Size",
+                    "Kafka Consumer Lag Size by source_id, partition and actor_id",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('high_watermark')}",
+                            "source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}}"
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('latest_message_id')}",
+                            "source={{source_id}} partition={{partition}} actor_id={{actor_id}}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Sink Throughput(rows/s)",
+                    "The figure shows the number of rows output by each sink per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            sink_throughput_query,
+                            "sink {{sink_name}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Materialized View Throughput(rows/s)",
-                "The figure shows the number of rows written into each materialized view per second.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                    mv_throughput_query,
-                    "materialized view {{table_name}} table_id {{materialized_view_id}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Backfill Snapshot Read Throughput(rows)",
-                "Total number of rows that have been read from the backfill snapshot",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({table_metric('stream_backfill_snapshot_read_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "table_id={{table_id}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-                "Backfill Upstream Throughput(rows)",
-                "Total number of rows that have been output from the backfill upstream",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({table_metric('stream_backfill_upstream_output_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "table_id={{table_id}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Barrier Number",
-                "The number of barriers that have been ingested but not completely processed. This metric reflects the "
-                "current level of congestion within the system.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(f"{metric('all_barrier_nums')}", "all_barrier"),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('in_flight_barrier_nums')}", "in_flight_barrier"),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Barrier Send Latency",
-                "The duration between the time point when the scheduled barrier needs to be sent and the time point when "
-                "the barrier gets actually sent to all the compute nodes. Developers can thus detect any internal "
-                "congestion.",
-                quantile(
-                    lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
-                        f"barrier_send_latency_p{legend}",
-                    ),
-                    [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
-                ) + [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "barrier_send_latency_avg",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Barrier Latency",
-                "The time that the data between two consecutive barriers gets fully processed, i.e. the computation "
-                "results are made durable into materialized views or sink to external systems. This metric shows to users "
-                "the freshness of materialized views.",
-                quantile(
-                    lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
-                        f"barrier_latency_p{legend}",
-                    ),
-                    [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
-                ) + [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "barrier_latency_avg",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Barrier In-Flight Latency",
-                "",
-                quantile(
-                    lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
-                        f"barrier_inflight_latency_p{legend}",
-                    ),
-                    [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
-                ) + [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"max(sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])))",
-                        "barrier_inflight_latency_avg",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Barrier Sync Latency",
-                "",
-                quantile(
-                    lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance))",
-                        f"barrier_sync_latency_p{legend}" + " - {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
-                ) + [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "barrier_sync_latency_avg - {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Barrier Wait Commit Latency",
-                "",
-                quantile(
-                    lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
-                        f"barrier_wait_commit_latency_p{legend}",
-                    ),
-                    [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
-                ) + [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "barrier_wait_commit_avg",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Earliest In-Flight Barrier Progress",
-                "The number of actors that have processed the earliest in-flight barriers per second. "
-                "This metric helps users to detect potential congestion or stuck in the system.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"rate({metric('stream_barrier_manager_progress')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                        "{{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-        ])
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Materialized View Throughput(rows/s)",
+                    "The figure shows the number of rows written into each materialized view per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            mv_throughput_query,
+                            "materialized view {{table_name}} table_id {{materialized_view_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Backfill Snapshot Read Throughput(rows)",
+                    "Total number of rows that have been read from the backfill snapshot",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_backfill_snapshot_read_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "table_id={{table_id}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Backfill Upstream Throughput(rows)",
+                    "Total number of rows that have been output from the backfill upstream",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_backfill_upstream_output_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "table_id={{table_id}} actor={{actor_id}} @ {{instance}}"
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Barrier Number",
+                    "The number of barriers that have been ingested but not completely processed. This metric reflects the "
+                    "current level of congestion within the system.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('all_barrier_nums')}", "all_barrier"),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('in_flight_barrier_nums')}", "in_flight_barrier"),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Barrier Send Latency",
+                    "The duration between the time point when the scheduled barrier needs to be sent and the time point when "
+                    "the barrier gets actually sent to all the compute nodes. Developers can thus detect any internal "
+                    "congestion.",
+                    quantile(
+                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
+                            f"barrier_send_latency_p{legend}",
+                        ),
+                        [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
+                    ) + [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_send_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "barrier_send_latency_avg",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Barrier Latency",
+                    "The time that the data between two consecutive barriers gets fully processed, i.e. the computation "
+                    "results are made durable into materialized views or sink to external systems. This metric shows to users "
+                    "the freshness of materialized views.",
+                    quantile(
+                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
+                            f"barrier_latency_p{legend}",
+                        ),
+                        [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
+                    ) + [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "barrier_latency_avg",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Barrier In-Flight Latency",
+                    "",
+                    quantile(
+                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
+                            f"barrier_inflight_latency_p{legend}",
+                        ),
+                        [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
+                    ) + [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"max(sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_inflight_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                            "barrier_inflight_latency_avg",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Barrier Sync Latency",
+                    "",
+                    quantile(
+                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance))",
+                            f"barrier_sync_latency_p{legend}" + " - {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
+                    ) + [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, instance)(rate({metric('stream_barrier_sync_storage_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "barrier_sync_latency_avg - {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Barrier Wait Commit Latency",
+                    "",
+                    quantile(
+                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le))",
+                            f"barrier_wait_commit_latency_p{legend}",
+                        ),
+                        [50, 90, 99, 999, "max"],
+                    ) + [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_sum')}[$__rate_interval]) / rate({metric('meta_barrier_wait_commit_duration_seconds_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "barrier_wait_commit_avg",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Earliest In-Flight Barrier Progress",
+                    "The number of actors that have processed the earliest in-flight barriers per second. "
+                    "This metric helps users to detect potential congestion or stuck in the system.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_barrier_manager_progress')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "{{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ])
     ]
 
 
@@ -1726,483 +1727,484 @@ def section_hummock_read(outer_panels):
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Hummock (Read)",
-        [
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Cache Ops",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, table_id, type)",
-                        "{{table_id}} @ {{type}} - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, type)",
-                        "total_meta_miss_count - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Cache Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, table_id, type)",
+                            "{{table_id}} @ {{type}} - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job, instance, type)",
+                            "total_meta_miss_count - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Cache Size",
-                "Hummock has three parts of memory usage: 1. Meta Cache 2. Block Cache"
-                "This metric shows the real memory usage of each of these three caches.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"avg({metric('state_store_meta_cache_size')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "meta cache - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"avg({metric('state_store_block_cache_size')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "data cache - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Cache Size",
+                    "Hummock has three parts of memory usage: 1. Meta Cache 2. Block Cache"
+                    "This metric shows the real memory usage of each of these three caches.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"avg({metric('state_store_meta_cache_size')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "meta cache - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"avg({metric('state_store_block_cache_size')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "data cache - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_percentage(
-                "Cache Miss Rate",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_total_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id))",
-                        "meta cache miss rate - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', data_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', data_total_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id))",
-                        "block cache miss rate - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                panels.timeseries_percentage(
+                    "Cache Miss Rate",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', meta_total_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id))",
+                            "meta cache miss rate - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', data_miss_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts', data_total_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id))",
+                            "block cache miss rate - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Iter keys flow",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_scan_key_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance, type, table_id)",
-                        "iter keys flow - {{table_id}} @ {{type}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Read Merged SSTs",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, table_id, type))",
-                            f"# merged ssts p{legend}" +
-                            " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{type}}",
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Iter keys flow",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_scan_key_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance, type, table_id)",
+                            "iter keys flow - {{table_id}} @ {{type}} @ {{instance}} ",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "# merged ssts avg  - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Read Merged SSTs",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, table_id, type))",
+                                f"# merged ssts p{legend}" +
+                                " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{type}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_merge_sstable_counts_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "# merged ssts avg  - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Read Duration - Get",
-                "Histogram of the latency of Get operations that have been issued to the state store.",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"p{legend}" + " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Read Duration - Get",
+                    "Histogram of the latency of Get operations that have been issued to the state store.",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"p{legend}" + " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "avg - {{table_id}} {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Read Duration - Iter",
-                "Histogram of the time spent on iterator initialization."
-                "Histogram of the time spent on iterator scanning.",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"create_iter_time p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "avg - {{table_id}} {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job,instance) (rate({metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "create_iter_time avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"pure_scan_time p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Read Duration - Iter",
+                    "Histogram of the time spent on iterator initialization."
+                    "Histogram of the time spent on iterator scanning.",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"create_iter_time p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job,instance) (rate({metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "pure_scan_time avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job,instance) (rate({metric('state_store_iter_init_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "create_iter_time avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"pure_scan_time p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job,instance) (rate({metric('state_store_iter_scan_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "pure_scan_time avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Bloom Filter Ops",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
-                        "bloom filter false positive count  - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
-                        "bloom filter positive count - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
-                        "bloom filter check count- {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Bloom Filter Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
+                            "bloom filter false positive count  - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
+                            "bloom filter positive count - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)",
+                            "bloom filter check count- {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_percentage(
-                "Bloom Filter Positive Rate",
-                "Positive / Total",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type))",
-                        "bloom filter positive rate - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_percentage(
-                "Bloom Filter False-Positive Rate",
-                "False-Positive / Total",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"(((sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type))) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)))",
-                        "read req bloom filter false positive rate - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                panels.timeseries_percentage(
+                    "Bloom Filter Positive Rate",
+                    "Positive / Total",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type))",
+                            "bloom filter positive rate - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_percentage(
+                    "Bloom Filter False-Positive Rate",
+                    "False-Positive / Total",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"(((sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type))) / (sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id,type)))",
+                            "read req bloom filter false positive rate - {{table_id}} - {{type}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Slow Fetch Meta Unhits",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('state_store_iter_slow_fetch_meta_cache_unhits')}",
-                        "",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Slow Fetch Meta Unhits",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('state_store_iter_slow_fetch_meta_cache_unhits')}",
+                            "",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Read Ops",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instanc,table_id)",
-                        "get - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_shared_buffer_hit_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "shared_buffer hit - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_in_process_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "iter - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Read Item Size - Get",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_key_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) + histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_value_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Read Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instanc,table_id)",
+                            "get - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Read Item Size - Iter",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_shared_buffer_hit_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "shared_buffer hit - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_in_process_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "iter - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Read Item Size - Get",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_key_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) + histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_get_value_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Read Item Size - Iter",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Materialized View Read Size",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f'sum(histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_iter_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id) + sum((histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_get_key_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) + histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_get_value_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id)',
-                            f"read p{legend} - materialized view {{{{materialized_view_id}}}}"
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Materialized View Read Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f'sum(histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_iter_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id) + sum((histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_get_key_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) + histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_get_value_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id)',
+                                f"read p{legend} - materialized view {{{{materialized_view_id}}}}"
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Read Item Count - Iter",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_item_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Read Item Count - Iter",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_item_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"p{legend} - {{{{table_id}}}} @ {{{{job}}}} @ {{{{instance}}}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
-                "Read Throughput - Get",
-                "The size of a single key-value pair when reading by operation Get."
-                "Operation Get gets a single key-value pair with respect to a caller-specified key. If the key does not "
-                "exist in the storage, the size of key is counted into this metric and the size of value is 0.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_get_key_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance) + sum(rate({metric('state_store_get_value_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance)",
-                        "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
-                "Read Throughput - Iter",
-                "The size of all the key-value paris when reading by operation Iter."
-                "Operation Iter scans a range of key-value pairs.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_iter_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance)",
-                        "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
+                    "Read Throughput - Get",
+                    "The size of a single key-value pair when reading by operation Get."
+                    "Operation Get gets a single key-value pair with respect to a caller-specified key. If the key does not "
+                    "exist in the storage, the size of key is counted into this metric and the size of value is 0.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_get_key_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance) + sum(rate({metric('state_store_get_value_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance)",
+                            "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
+                    "Read Throughput - Iter",
+                    "The size of all the key-value paris when reading by operation Iter."
+                    "Operation Iter scans a range of key-value pairs.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_iter_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, instance)",
+                            "{{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Fetch Meta Duration",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"fetch_meta_duration p{legend}" +
-                            " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Fetch Meta Duration",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"fetch_meta_duration p{legend}" +
+                                " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "fetch_meta_duration avg - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id) (rate({table_metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "fetch_meta_duration avg - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
 
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Fetch Meta Unhits",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"{metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_cache_unhits')}",
-                        "",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-        ])
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Fetch Meta Unhits",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('state_store_iter_fetch_meta_cache_unhits')}",
+                            "",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ])
     ]
 
+
 def section_hummock_write(outer_panels):
     panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Hummock (Write)",
-        [
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Uploader Memory Size",
-                "This metric shows the real memory usage of uploader.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum({metric('uploading_memory_size')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "uploading memory - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum({metric('state_store_uploader_uploading_task_size')}) by (job,instance)",
-                        "uploading task size - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Build and Sync Sstable Duration",
-                "Histogram of time spent on compacting shared buffer to remote storage.",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
-                            f"p{legend}" + " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Uploader Memory Size",
+                    "This metric shows the real memory usage of uploader.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum({metric('uploading_memory_size')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "uploading memory - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum({metric('state_store_uploader_uploading_task_size')}) by (job,instance)",
+                            "uploading task size - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Build and Sync Sstable Duration",
+                    "Histogram of time spent on compacting shared buffer to remote storage.",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
+                                f"p{legend}" + " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Materialized View Write Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f'sum(histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_write_batch_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id, table_name)',
+                                f"write p{legend} - materialized view {{{{materialized_view_id}}}}"
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Uploader - Tasks Count",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_merge_imm_task_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "merge imm tasks - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({metric('state_store_spill_task_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,uploader_stage)",
+                            "Uploader spill tasks - {{uploader_stage}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Uploader - Task Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_merge_imm_memory_sz')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "Merging tasks memory size - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_spill_task_size')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,uploader_stage)",
+                            "Uploading tasks size - {{uploader_stage}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Write Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "write batch - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)",
+                            "l0 - {{job}} @ {{instance}} ",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Write Duration",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
+                                f"write to shared_buffer p{legend}" +
+                                " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "write to shared_buffer avg - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
+                                f"write to object_store p{legend}" +
+                                " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Materialized View Write Size",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f'sum(histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric("state_store_write_batch_size_bucket")}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id)) * on(table_id) group_left(materialized_view_id) (group({metric("table_info")}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id))) by (materialized_view_id, table_name)',
-                            f"write p{legend} - materialized view {{{{materialized_view_id}}}}"
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "write to object_store - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_count(
-                "Uploader - Tasks Count",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_merge_imm_task_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "merge imm tasks - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({metric('state_store_spill_task_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,uploader_stage)",
-                        "Uploader spill tasks - {{uploader_stage}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Uploader - Task Size",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_merge_imm_memory_sz')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "Merging tasks memory size - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_spill_task_size')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,uploader_stage)",
-                        "Uploading tasks size - {{uploader_stage}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Write Ops",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "write batch - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)",
-                        "l0 - {{job}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_latency(
-                "Write Duration",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance, table_id))",
-                            f"write to shared_buffer p{legend}" +
-                            " - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Write Item Count",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_tuple_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "write_batch_kv_pair_count - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance, table_id)(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "write to shared_buffer avg - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
-                            f"write to object_store p{legend}" +
-                            " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
+                    "Write Throughput",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance,table_id) / sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance,table_id)",
+                            "shared_buffer - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))  / sum by(le, job, instance)(rate({metric('state_store_write_shared_buffer_sync_time_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "write to object_store - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_ops(
-                "Write Item Count",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(irate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_tuple_counts')}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "write_batch_kv_pair_count - {{table_id}} @ {{instance}} ",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes_per_sec(
-                "Write Throughput",
-                "",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance,table_id) / sum(rate({table_metric('state_store_write_batch_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance,table_id)",
-                        "shared_buffer - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum(rate({metric('compactor_shared_buffer_to_sstable_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance) / sum(rate({metric('compactor_shared_buffer_to_sstable_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance)",
-                        "sync - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Mem Table Size (Max)",
-                "This metric shows the statistics of mem_table size on flush. By default only max (p100) is shown.",
-                [
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate({metric('state_store_write_batch_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, table_id, job, instance))",
-                        "pmax - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-            panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                "Checkpoint Sync Size",
-                "",
-                [
-                    *quantile(
-                        lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
-                            f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
-                            f"p{legend}" + " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('compactor_shared_buffer_to_sstable_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance) / sum(rate({metric('compactor_shared_buffer_to_sstable_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))by(job,instance)",
+                            "sync - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
-                        [50, 99, "max"],
-                    ),
-                    panels.target(
-                        f"sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
-                        "avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-        ])
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Mem Table Size (Max)",
+                    "This metric shows the statistics of mem_table size on flush. By default only max (p100) is shown.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate({metric('state_store_write_batch_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, table_id, job, instance))",
+                            "pmax - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Checkpoint Sync Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))",
+                                f"p{legend}" + " - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_sync_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "avg - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ])
     ]
 
 
@@ -2253,7 +2255,8 @@ def section_hummock_tiered_cache(outer_panels):
                     "",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"sum({metric('foyer_storage_total_bytes')}) by (foyer, instance)", "{{foyer}} size @ {{instance}}"
+                            f"sum({metric('foyer_storage_total_bytes')}) by (foyer, instance)",
+                            "{{foyer}} size @ {{instance}}"
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -2402,7 +2405,6 @@ def section_hummock_manager(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
 
-
                 panels.timeseries_count(
                     "Table KV Count",
                     "",
@@ -2852,252 +2854,225 @@ def section_grpc_hummock_meta_client(outer_panels):
 
 def section_kafka_native_metrics(outer_panels):
     panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
-    cluster_panels = panels.sub_panel()
-    broker_panels = panels.sub_panel()
-    topic_panels = panels.sub_panel()
-    partition_panels = panels.sub_panel()
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Kafka Native Metrics",
             [
-                panels.row_collapsed(
-                    "Cluster Level Metrics",
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message Count in Producer Queue",
+                    "Current number of messages in producer queues",
                     [
-                        cluster_panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
-                            "Client Age",
-                            "Time since this client instance was created (milli seconds)",
-                            [
-                                cluster_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_top_age')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
-                                ),
-                            ],
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_top_msg_cnt')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
                         ),
-                        cluster_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message Count in Producer Queue",
-                            "Current number of messages in producer queues",
-                            [
-                                cluster_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_top_msg_cnt')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Message Size in Producer Queue",
+                    "Current total size of messages in producer queues",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_top_msg_size')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
                         ),
-                        cluster_panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                            "Message Size in Producer Queue",
-                            "Current total size of messages in producer queues",
-                            [
-                                cluster_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_top_msg_size')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message Produced Count",
+                    "Total number of messages transmitted (produced) to Kafka brokers",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_top_tx_msgs')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message Received Count",
+                    "Total number of messages consumed, not including ignored messages (due to offset, etc), from Kafka brokers.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_top_rx_msgs')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message Count Pending to Transmit (per broker)",
+                    "Number of messages awaiting transmission to broker",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_outbuf_msg_cnt')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
                         ),
-                        cluster_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message Produced Count",
-                            "Total number of messages transmitted (produced) to Kafka brokers",
-                            [
-                                cluster_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_top_tx_msgs')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Inflight Message Count (per broker)",
+                    "Number of messages in-flight to broker awaiting response",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_waitresp_msg_cnt')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Error Count When Transmitting (per broker)",
+                    "Total number of transmission errors",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_tx_errs')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Error Count When Receiving (per broker)",
+                    "Total number of receive errors",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rx_errs')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Timeout Request Count (per broker)",
+                    "Total number of requests timed out",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_req_timeouts')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
+                    "RTT (per broker)",
+                    "Broker latency / round-trip time in milli seconds",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_avg')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        cluster_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message Received Count",
-                            "Total number of messages consumed, not including ignored messages (due to offset, etc), from Kafka brokers.",
-                            [
-                                cluster_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_top_rx_msgs')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p75')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p90')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p99')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p99_99')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_out_of_range')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
                     ]
                 ),
-                panels.row_collapsed(
-                    "Broker Level Metrics",
+                panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
+                    "Throttle Time (per broker)",
+                    "Broker throttling time in milliseconds",
                     [
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message Count Pending to Transmit (per broker)",
-                            "Number of messages awaiting transmission to broker",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_outbuf_msg_cnt')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
-                        ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Inflight Message Count (per broker)",
-                            "Number of messages in-flight to broker awaiting response",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_waitresp_msg_cnt')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_avg')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Error Count When Transmitting (per broker)",
-                            "Total number of transmission errors",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_tx_errs')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p75')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Error Count When Receiving (per broker)",
-                            "Total number of receive errors",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rx_errs')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p90')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Timeout Request Count (per broker)",
-                            "Total number of requests timed out",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_req_timeouts')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, state {{ state }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p99')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
-                            "RTT (per broker)",
-                            "Broker latency / round-trip time in milli seconds",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_avg')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p75')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p90')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p99')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_p99_99')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_rtt_out_of_range')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p99_99')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
-                        broker_panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
-                            "Throttle Time (per broker)",
-                            "Broker throttling time in milliseconds",
-                            [
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_avg')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p75')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p90')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p99')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_p99_99')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                                broker_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_out_of_range')}/1000",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
-                                ),
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_broker_throttle_out_of_range')}/1000",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}",
                         ),
                     ]
                 ),
-                panels.row_collapsed(
-                    "Topic Level Metrics",
+
+                panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
+                    "Topic Metadata_age Age",
+                    "Age of metadata from broker for this topic (milliseconds)",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_metadata_age')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Topic Batch Size",
+                    "Batch sizes in bytes",
                     [
-                        topic_panels.timeseries_latency_ms(
-                            "Topic Metadata_age Age",
-                            "Age of metadata from broker for this topic (milliseconds)",
-                            [
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_metadata_age')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_avg')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                         ),
-                        topic_panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                            "Topic Batch Size",
-                            "Batch sizes in bytes",
-                            [
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_avg')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p75')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p90')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p99')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p99_99')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_out_of_range')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p75')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p90')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p99')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_p99_99')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchsize_out_of_range')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                         ),
-                        topic_panels.timeseries_count(
+                        panels.timeseries_count(
                             "Topic Batch Messages",
                             "Batch message counts",
                             [
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_avg')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_p75')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_p90')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_p99')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_p99_99')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
-                                topic_panels.target(
+                                panels.target(
                                     f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_batchcnt_out_of_range')}",
                                     "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}"
                                 ),
@@ -3105,51 +3080,46 @@ def section_kafka_native_metrics(outer_panels):
                         )
                     ]
                 ),
-                panels.row_collapsed(
-                    "Partition Level Metrics",
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message to be Transmitted",
+                    "Number of messages ready to be produced in transmit queue",
                     [
-                        partition_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message to be Transmitted",
-                            "Number of messages ready to be produced in transmit queue",
-                            [
-                                partition_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_xmit_msgq_cnt')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
-                        ),
-                        partition_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Message in pre fetch queue",
-                            "Number of pre-fetched messages in fetch queue",
-                            [
-                                partition_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_fetchq_cnt')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
-                                ),
-                            ]
-                        ),
-                        partition_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Next offset to fetch",
-                            "Next offset to fetch",
-                            [
-                                partition_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_next_offset')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_xmit_msgq_cnt')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
                         ),
-                        partition_panels.timeseries_count(
-                            "Committed Offset",
-                            "Last committed offset",
-                            [
-                                partition_panels.target(
-                                    f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_committed_offset')}",
-                                    "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, broker {{ broker }}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
-                                )
-                            ]
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Message in pre fetch queue",
+                    "Number of pre-fetched messages in fetch queue",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_fetchq_cnt')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
                         ),
                     ]
                 ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Next offset to fetch",
+                    "Next offset to fetch",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_next_offset')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Committed Offset",
+                    "Last committed offset",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('rdkafka_topic_partition_committed_offset')}",
+                            "id {{ id }}, client_id {{ client_id}}, topic {{ topic }}, partition {{ partition }}"
+                        )
+                    ]
+                ),
             ]
         )
     ]
@@ -3256,6 +3226,7 @@ def section_connector_node(outer_panels):
         )
     ]
 
+
 def section_network_connection(outer_panels):
     panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
     s3_filter = 'connection_type="S3"'
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 95e250ab29d43..7d736b5db1b6f 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components 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by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","query":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"bytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":6,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Memory","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The CPU usage of each RisingWave 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diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/stats.rs b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/stats.rs
index 5629dee572e90..7feaf3cc3e91b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/kafka/stats.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/kafka/stats.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericGaugeVec};
 use prometheus::{opts, register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry, IntGaugeVec, Registry};
 use rdkafka::statistics::{Broker, ConsumerGroup, Partition, Topic, Window};
@@ -363,26 +360,13 @@ impl TopicStats {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn report(
-        &self,
-        id: &str,
-        client_id: &str,
-        mapping: &HashMap<(String, i32), String>,
-        stats: &Statistics,
-    ) {
+    pub fn report(&self, id: &str, client_id: &str, stats: &Statistics) {
         for (topic, topic_stats) in &stats.topics {
-            self.report_inner(id, client_id, topic, mapping, topic_stats);
+            self.report_inner(id, client_id, topic, topic_stats);
         }
     }
 
-    fn report_inner(
-        &self,
-        id: &str,
-        client_id: &str,
-        topic: &str,
-        mapping: &HashMap<(String, i32), String>,
-        stats: &Topic,
-    ) {
+    fn report_inner(&self, id: &str, client_id: &str, topic: &str, stats: &Topic) {
         self.metadata_age
             .with_label_values(&[id, client_id, topic])
             .set(stats.metadata_age);
@@ -390,7 +374,7 @@ impl TopicStats {
             .report(id, client_id, "", topic, &stats.batchsize);
         self.batch_cnt
             .report(id, client_id, "", topic, &stats.batchcnt);
-        self.partitions.report(id, client_id, topic, mapping, stats)
+        self.partitions.report(id, client_id, topic, stats)
     }
 }
 
@@ -431,182 +415,182 @@ impl PartitionStats {
         let msgq_cnt = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_msgq_cnt",
             "Number of messages in the producer queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let msgq_bytes = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_msgq_bytes",
             "Size of messages in the producer queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let xmit_msgq_cnt = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_xmit_msgq_cnt",
             "Number of messages in the transmit queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let xmit_msgq_bytes = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_xmit_msgq_bytes",
             "Size of messages in the transmit queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let fetchq_cnt = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_fetchq_cnt",
             "Number of messages in the fetch queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let fetchq_size = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_fetchq_size",
             "Size of messages in the fetch queue",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let query_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_query_offset",
             "Current query offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let next_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_next_offset",
             "Next offset to query",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let app_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_app_offset",
             "Last acknowledged offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let stored_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_stored_offset",
             "Last stored offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let committed_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_committed_offset",
             "Last committed offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let eof_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_eof_offset",
             "Last offset in broker log",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let lo_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_lo_offset",
             "Low offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let hi_offset = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_hi_offset",
             "High offset",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let consumer_lag = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_consumer_lag",
             "Consumer lag",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let consumer_lag_store = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_consumer_lag_store",
             "Consumer lag stored",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let txmsgs = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_txmsgs",
             "Number of transmitted messages",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let txbytes = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_txbytes",
             "Number of transmitted bytes",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let rxmsgs = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_rxmsgs",
             "Number of received messages",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let rxbytes = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_rxbytes",
             "Number of received bytes",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let msgs = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_msgs",
             "Number of messages in partition",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let rx_ver_drops = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_rx_ver_drops",
             "Number of received messages dropped due to version mismatch",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let msgs_inflight = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_msgs_inflight",
             "Number of messages in-flight",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let next_ack_seq = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_next_ack_seq",
             "Next ack sequence number",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let next_err_seq = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_next_err_seq",
             "Next error sequence number",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
         let acked_msgid = register_uint_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "rdkafka_topic_partition_acked_msgid",
             "Acknowledged message ID",
-            &["id", "client_id", "broker", "topic", "partition"],
+            &["id", "client_id", "topic", "partition"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -642,47 +626,14 @@ impl PartitionStats {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn report(
-        &self,
-        id: &str,
-        client_id: &str,
-        topic: &str,
-        broker_mapping: &HashMap<(String, i32), String>,
-        stats: &Topic,
-    ) {
+    pub fn report(&self, id: &str, client_id: &str, topic: &str, stats: &Topic) {
         for partition_stats in stats.partitions.values() {
-            self.report_inner(id, client_id, topic, broker_mapping, partition_stats);
+            self.report_inner(id, client_id, topic, partition_stats);
         }
     }
 
-    fn report_inner(
-        &self,
-        id: &str,
-        client_id: &str,
-        topic: &str,
-        broker_mapping: &HashMap<(String, i32), String>,
-        stats: &Partition,
-    ) {
-        let broker_name = match broker_mapping.get(&(topic.to_string(), stats.partition)) {
-            Some(broker_name) => broker_name.as_str(),
-            None => {
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    "Cannot find broker name for topic {} partition {}, id {}, client_id {}",
-                    topic,
-                    stats.partition,
-                    id,
-                    client_id
-                );
-                return;
-            }
-        };
-        let labels = [
-            id,
-            client_id,
-            broker_name,
-            topic,
-            &stats.partition.to_string(),
-        ];
+    fn report_inner(&self, id: &str, client_id: &str, topic: &str, stats: &Partition) {
+        let labels = [id, client_id, topic, &stats.partition.to_string()];
 
         self.msgq_cnt.with_label_values(&labels).set(stats.msgq_cnt);
         self.msgq_bytes
@@ -914,8 +865,6 @@ impl RdKafkaStats {
     }
 
     pub fn report(&self, id: &str, stats: &Statistics) {
-        let topic_partition_to_broker_mapping = get_topic_partition_to_broker_mapping(stats);
-
         let client_id = stats.name.as_str();
         self.ts.with_label_values(&[id, client_id]).set(stats.ts);
         self.time
@@ -965,34 +914,13 @@ impl RdKafkaStats {
             .set(stats.metadata_cache_cnt);
 
         self.broker_stats.report(id, client_id, stats);
-        self.topic_stats
-            .report(id, client_id, &topic_partition_to_broker_mapping, stats);
+        self.topic_stats.report(id, client_id, stats);
         if let Some(cgrp) = &stats.cgrp {
             self.cgrp.report(id, client_id, cgrp)
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[inline]
-fn get_topic_partition_to_broker_mapping(stats: &Statistics) -> HashMap<(String, i32), String> {
-    let topic_partition_to_broker_mapping = stats
-        .brokers
-        .values()
-        .flat_map(|broker| {
-            let broker_name = &broker.name;
-            broker
-                .toppars
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(topic, partition)| {
-                    ((topic.clone(), partition.partition), broker_name.clone())
-                })
-                .collect_vec()
-        })
-        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-    topic_partition_to_broker_mapping
-}
-
 impl BrokerStats {
     pub fn new(registry: Registry) -> Self {
         let state_age = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(

From 7b8c69660ca5775837651289e9e8bff73944e5fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 11:39:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 235/430] chore: risedev clean java targets (#12600)

---
 Makefile.toml | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index ea862c94160a3..a0c6213a63c82 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -461,6 +461,12 @@ cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all \
 [tasks.clean]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"
+description = "Clean all build targets"
+dependencies = ["clean-rust", "clean-java"]
+
+[tasks.clean-rust]
+private = true
+category = "RiseDev - Build"
 description = "Clean Rust targets"
 condition = { env_set = ["ENABLE_BUILD_RUST"] }
 script = '''
@@ -469,6 +475,25 @@ set -e
 cargo clean
 '''
 
+[tasks.clean-java]
+private = true
+category = "RiseDev - Build"
+description = "Clean Rust targets"
+condition = { env_set = ["ENABLE_RW_CONNECTOR", "ENABLE_BUILD_RW_CONNECTOR"] }
+script = '''
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+if command -v mvn &> /dev/null; then
+  MAVEN_PATH="$(command -v mvn)"
+else
+  MAVEN_PATH="${PREFIX_BIN}/maven/bin/mvn"
+fi
+
+cd "${JAVA_DIR}"
+"${MAVEN_PATH}" clean
+'''
+
 [tasks.build-docs]
 private = true
 category = "RiseDev - Build"

From f26ac7a07101034498bad12286ab3191f2833b3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 12:11:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 236/430] chore(deps): Bump zod and next in /dashboard (#12627)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 dashboard/package-lock.json | 259 +++++++++++++++++-------------------
 dashboard/package.json      |   2 +-
 2 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dashboard/package-lock.json b/dashboard/package-lock.json
index e9cb795252f6c..c85a3e96e5c06 100644
--- a/dashboard/package-lock.json
+++ b/dashboard/package-lock.json
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
         "fabric": "^5.2.1",
         "framer-motion": "^6.5.1",
         "lodash": "^4.17.21",
-        "next": "^13.4.12",
+        "next": "^13.5.4",
         "react": "^18.2.0",
         "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
         "react-flow-renderer": "10.3.16",
@@ -2034,9 +2034,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@next/env": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/env/-/env-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RmHanbV21saP/6OEPBJ7yJMuys68cIf8OBBWd7+uj40LdpmswVAwe1uzeuFyUsd6SfeITWT3XnQfn6wULeKwDQ=="
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/env/-/env-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LGegJkMvRNw90WWphGJ3RMHMVplYcOfRWf2Be3td3sUa+1AaxmsYyANsA+znrGCBjXJNi4XAQlSoEfUxs/4kIQ=="
     },
     "node_modules/@next/eslint-plugin-next": {
       "version": "13.4.12",
@@ -2068,9 +2068,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-darwin-arm64/-/swc-darwin-arm64-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-deUrbCXTMZ6ZhbOoloqecnUeNpUOupi8SE2tx4jPfNS9uyUR9zK4iXBvH65opVcA/9F5I/p8vDXSYbUlbmBjZg==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-darwin-arm64/-/swc-darwin-arm64-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Df8SHuXgF1p+aonBMcDPEsaahNo2TCwuie7VXED4FVyECvdXfRT9unapm54NssV9tF3OQFKBFOdlje4T43VO0w==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -2083,9 +2083,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-darwin-x64/-/swc-darwin-x64-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WRvH7RxgRHlC1yb5oG0ZLx8F7uci9AivM5/HGGv9ZyG2Als8Ij64GC3d+mQ5sJhWjusyU6T6V1WKTUoTmOB0zQ==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-darwin-x64/-/swc-darwin-x64-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-siPuUwO45PnNRMeZnSa8n/Lye5ZX93IJom9wQRB5DEOdFrw0JjOMu1GINB8jAEdwa7Vdyn1oJ2xGNaQpdQQ9Pw==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -2098,9 +2098,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu/-/swc-linux-arm64-gnu-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YEKracAWuxp54tKiAvvq73PUs9lok57cc8meYRibTWe/VdPB2vLgkTVWFcw31YDuRXdEhdX0fWS6Q+ESBhnEig==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu/-/swc-linux-arm64-gnu-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-l/k/fvRP/zmB2jkFMfefmFkyZbDkYW0mRM/LB+tH5u9pB98WsHXC0WvDHlGCYp3CH/jlkJPL7gN8nkTQVrQ/2w==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -2113,9 +2113,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl/-/swc-linux-arm64-musl-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LhJR7/RAjdHJ2Isl2pgc/JaoxNk0KtBgkVpiDJPVExVWA1c6gzY57+3zWuxuyWzTG+fhLZo2Y80pLXgIJv7g3g==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl/-/swc-linux-arm64-musl-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YYGb7SlLkI+XqfQa8VPErljb7k9nUnhhRrVaOdfJNCaQnHBcvbT7cx/UjDQLdleJcfyg1Hkn5YSSIeVfjgmkTg==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -2128,9 +2128,9 @@
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     "node_modules/@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu/-/swc-linux-x64-gnu-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-1DWLL/B9nBNiQRng+1aqs3OaZcxC16Nf+mOnpcrZZSdyKHek3WQh6j/fkbukObgNGwmCoVevLUa/p3UFTTqgqg==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu/-/swc-linux-x64-gnu-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uE61vyUSClnCH18YHjA8tE1prr/PBFlBFhxBZis4XBRJoR+txAky5d7gGNUIbQ8sZZ7LVkSVgm/5Fc7mwXmRAg==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -2143,9 +2143,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-x64-musl/-/swc-linux-x64-musl-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kEAJmgYFhp0VL+eRWmUkVxLVunn7oL9Mdue/FS8yzRBVj7Z0AnIrHpTIeIUl1bbdQq1VaoOztnKicAjfkLTRCQ==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-x64-musl/-/swc-linux-x64-musl-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qVEKFYML/GvJSy9CfYqAdUexA6M5AklYcQCW+8JECmkQHGoPxCf04iMh7CPR7wkHyWWK+XLt4Ja7hhsPJtSnhg==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -2158,9 +2158,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc/-/swc-win32-arm64-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GMLuL/loR6yIIRTnPRY6UGbLL9MBdw2anxkOnANxvLvsml4F0HNIgvnU3Ej4BjbqMTNjD4hcPFdlEow4XHPdZA==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc/-/swc-win32-arm64-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mDSQfqxAlfpeZOLPxLymZkX0hYF3juN57W6vFHTvwKlnHfmh12Pt7hPIRLYIShk8uYRsKPtMTth/EzpwRI+u8w==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -2173,9 +2173,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc/-/swc-win32-ia32-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-PhgNqN2Vnkm7XaMdRmmX0ZSwZXQAtamBVSa9A/V1dfKQCV1rjIZeiy/dbBnVYGdj63ANfsOR/30XpxP71W0eww==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc/-/swc-win32-ia32-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aoqAT2XIekIWoriwzOmGFAvTtVY5O7JjV21giozBTP5c6uZhpvTWRbmHXbmsjZqY4HnEZQRXWkSAppsIBweKqw==",
       "cpu": [
         "ia32"
       ],
@@ -2188,9 +2188,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc/-/swc-win32-x64-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Z+56e/Ljt0bUs+T+jPjhFyxYBcdY2RIq9ELFU+qAMQMteHo7ymbV7CKmlcX59RI9C4YzN8PgMgLyAoi916b5HA==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc/-/swc-win32-x64-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cyRvlAxwlddlqeB9xtPSfNSCRy8BOa4wtMo0IuI9P7Y0XT2qpDrpFKRyZ7kUngZis59mPVla5k8X1oOJ8RxDYg==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -2333,9 +2333,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@swc/helpers": {
-      "version": "0.5.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sJ902EfIzn1Fa+qYmjdQqh8tPsoxyBz+8yBKC2HKUxyezKJFwPGOn7pv4WY6QuQW//ySQi5lJjA/ZT9sNWWNTg==",
+      "version": "0.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E4KcWTpoLHqwPHLxidpOqQbcrZVgi0rsmmZXUle1jXmJfuIf/UWpczUJ7MZZ5tlxytgJXyp0w4PGkkeLiuIdZw==",
       "dependencies": {
         "tslib": "^2.4.0"
       }
@@ -8139,9 +8139,15 @@
       "optional": true
     },
     "node_modules/nanoid": {
-      "version": "3.3.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nanoid/-/nanoid-3.3.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MqBkQh/OHTS2egovRtLk45wEyNXwF+cokD+1YPf9u5VfJiRdAiRwB2froX5Co9Rh20xs4siNPm8naNotSD6RBw==",
+      "version": "3.3.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nanoid/-/nanoid-3.3.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BGcqMMJuToF7i1rt+2PWSNVnWIkGCU78jBG3RxO/bZlnZPK2Cmi2QaffxGO/2RvWi9sL+FAiRiXMgsyxQ1DIDA==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
+        }
+      ],
       "bin": {
         "nanoid": "bin/nanoid.cjs"
       },
@@ -8171,39 +8177,37 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next/-/next-13.5.4.tgz",
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       "dependencies": {
-        "@next/env": "13.4.12",
-        "@swc/helpers": "0.5.1",
+        "@next/env": "13.5.4",
+        "@swc/helpers": "0.5.2",
         "busboy": "1.6.0",
         "caniuse-lite": "^1.0.30001406",
-        "postcss": "8.4.14",
+        "postcss": "8.4.31",
         "styled-jsx": "5.1.1",
-        "watchpack": "2.4.0",
-        "zod": "3.21.4"
+        "watchpack": "2.4.0"
       },
       "bin": {
         "next": "dist/bin/next"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=16.8.0"
+        "node": ">=16.14.0"
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       "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@next/swc-darwin-arm64": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-darwin-x64": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": "13.4.12"
+        "@next/swc-darwin-arm64": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-darwin-x64": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": "13.5.4"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
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-        "fibers": ">= 3.1.0",
         "react": "^18.2.0",
         "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
         "sass": "^1.3.0"
@@ -8212,9 +8216,6 @@
         "@opentelemetry/api": {
           "optional": true
         },
-        "fibers": {
-          "optional": true
-        },
         "sass": {
           "optional": true
         }
@@ -8672,9 +8673,9 @@
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     },
     "node_modules/postcss": {
-      "version": "8.4.14",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.4.14.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-E398TUmfAYFPBSdzgeieK2Y1+1cpdxJx8yXbK/m57nRhKSmk1GB2tO4lbLBtlkfPQTDKfe4Xqv1ASWPpayPEig==",
+      "version": "8.4.31",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.4.31.tgz",
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       "funding": [
         {
           "type": "opencollective",
@@ -8683,10 +8684,14 @@
         {
           "type": "tidelift",
           "url": "https://tidelift.com/funding/github/npm/postcss"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
         }
       ],
       "dependencies": {
-        "nanoid": "^3.3.4",
+        "nanoid": "^3.3.6",
         "picocolors": "^1.0.0",
         "source-map-js": "^1.0.2"
       },
@@ -10894,14 +10899,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/zod": {
-      "version": "3.21.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-3.21.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-m46AKbrzKVzOzs/DZgVnG5H55N1sv1M8qZU3A8RIKbs3mrACDNeIOeilDymVb2HdmP8uwshOCF4uJ8uM9rCqJw==",
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/colinhacks"
-      }
-    },
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@@ -12418,9 +12415,9 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/env/-/env-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RmHanbV21saP/6OEPBJ7yJMuys68cIf8OBBWd7+uj40LdpmswVAwe1uzeuFyUsd6SfeITWT3XnQfn6wULeKwDQ=="
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/env/-/env-13.5.4.tgz",
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@@ -12448,57 +12445,57 @@
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       "optional": true
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     "@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": {
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+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-linux-x64-musl/-/swc-linux-x64-musl-13.5.4.tgz",
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       "optional": true
     },
     "@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc/-/swc-win32-arm64-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GMLuL/loR6yIIRTnPRY6UGbLL9MBdw2anxkOnANxvLvsml4F0HNIgvnU3Ej4BjbqMTNjD4hcPFdlEow4XHPdZA==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc/-/swc-win32-arm64-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mDSQfqxAlfpeZOLPxLymZkX0hYF3juN57W6vFHTvwKlnHfmh12Pt7hPIRLYIShk8uYRsKPtMTth/EzpwRI+u8w==",
       "optional": true
     },
     "@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc/-/swc-win32-ia32-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-PhgNqN2Vnkm7XaMdRmmX0ZSwZXQAtamBVSa9A/V1dfKQCV1rjIZeiy/dbBnVYGdj63ANfsOR/30XpxP71W0eww==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc/-/swc-win32-ia32-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aoqAT2XIekIWoriwzOmGFAvTtVY5O7JjV21giozBTP5c6uZhpvTWRbmHXbmsjZqY4HnEZQRXWkSAppsIBweKqw==",
       "optional": true
     },
     "@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc/-/swc-win32-x64-msvc-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Z+56e/Ljt0bUs+T+jPjhFyxYBcdY2RIq9ELFU+qAMQMteHo7ymbV7CKmlcX59RI9C4YzN8PgMgLyAoi916b5HA==",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc/-/swc-win32-x64-msvc-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cyRvlAxwlddlqeB9xtPSfNSCRy8BOa4wtMo0IuI9P7Y0XT2qpDrpFKRyZ7kUngZis59mPVla5k8X1oOJ8RxDYg==",
       "optional": true
     },
     "@nodelib/fs.scandir": {
@@ -12613,9 +12610,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "@swc/helpers": {
-      "version": "0.5.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sJ902EfIzn1Fa+qYmjdQqh8tPsoxyBz+8yBKC2HKUxyezKJFwPGOn7pv4WY6QuQW//ySQi5lJjA/ZT9sNWWNTg==",
+      "version": "0.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E4KcWTpoLHqwPHLxidpOqQbcrZVgi0rsmmZXUle1jXmJfuIf/UWpczUJ7MZZ5tlxytgJXyp0w4PGkkeLiuIdZw==",
       "requires": {
         "tslib": "^2.4.0"
       }
@@ -16990,9 +16987,9 @@
       "optional": true
     },
     "nanoid": {
-      "version": "3.3.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nanoid/-/nanoid-3.3.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MqBkQh/OHTS2egovRtLk45wEyNXwF+cokD+1YPf9u5VfJiRdAiRwB2froX5Co9Rh20xs4siNPm8naNotSD6RBw=="
+      "version": "3.3.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nanoid/-/nanoid-3.3.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BGcqMMJuToF7i1rt+2PWSNVnWIkGCU78jBG3RxO/bZlnZPK2Cmi2QaffxGO/2RvWi9sL+FAiRiXMgsyxQ1DIDA=="
     },
     "natural-compare": {
       "version": "1.4.0",
@@ -17013,27 +17010,26 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "next": {
-      "version": "13.4.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next/-/next-13.4.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-eHfnru9x6NRmTMcjQp6Nz0J4XH9OubmzOa7CkWL+AUrUxpibub3vWwttjduu9No16dug1kq04hiUUpo7J3m3Xw==",
-      "requires": {
-        "@next/env": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-darwin-arm64": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-darwin-x64": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": "13.4.12",
-        "@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": "13.4.12",
-        "@swc/helpers": "0.5.1",
+      "version": "13.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next/-/next-13.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+93un5S779gho8y9ASQhb/bTkQF17FNQOtXLKAj3lsNgltEcF0C5PMLLncDmH+8X1EnJH1kbqAERa29nRXqhjA==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@next/env": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-darwin-arm64": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-darwin-x64": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-gnu": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-arm64-musl": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-x64-gnu": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-linux-x64-musl": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-arm64-msvc": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-ia32-msvc": "13.5.4",
+        "@next/swc-win32-x64-msvc": "13.5.4",
+        "@swc/helpers": "0.5.2",
         "busboy": "1.6.0",
         "caniuse-lite": "^1.0.30001406",
-        "postcss": "8.4.14",
+        "postcss": "8.4.31",
         "styled-jsx": "5.1.1",
-        "watchpack": "2.4.0",
-        "zod": "3.21.4"
+        "watchpack": "2.4.0"
       }
     },
     "node-fetch": {
@@ -17368,11 +17364,11 @@
       }
     },
     "postcss": {
-      "version": "8.4.14",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.4.14.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-E398TUmfAYFPBSdzgeieK2Y1+1cpdxJx8yXbK/m57nRhKSmk1GB2tO4lbLBtlkfPQTDKfe4Xqv1ASWPpayPEig==",
+      "version": "8.4.31",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.4.31.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PS08Iboia9mts/2ygV3eLpY5ghnUcfLV/EXTOW1E2qYxJKGGBUtNjN76FYHnMs36RmARn41bC0AZmn+rR0OVpQ==",
       "requires": {
-        "nanoid": "^3.3.4",
+        "nanoid": "^3.3.6",
         "picocolors": "^1.0.0",
         "source-map-js": "^1.0.2"
       }
@@ -18942,11 +18938,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "zod": {
-      "version": "3.21.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-3.21.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-m46AKbrzKVzOzs/DZgVnG5H55N1sv1M8qZU3A8RIKbs3mrACDNeIOeilDymVb2HdmP8uwshOCF4uJ8uM9rCqJw=="
-    },
     "zustand": {
       "version": "3.7.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zustand/-/zustand-3.7.2.tgz",
diff --git a/dashboard/package.json b/dashboard/package.json
index a0642de4380df..67d2ff0ef1715 100644
--- a/dashboard/package.json
+++ b/dashboard/package.json
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     "fabric": "^5.2.1",
     "framer-motion": "^6.5.1",
     "lodash": "^4.17.21",
-    "next": "^13.4.12",
+    "next": "^13.5.4",
     "react": "^18.2.0",
     "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
     "react-flow-renderer": "10.3.16",

From c8470955fcef2b8573e68d2f352d7f1983fc47d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 16:57:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 237/430] fix(optimizer): handle eval error in
 `LogicalSource::predicate_pushdown` (#12640)

---
 e2e_test/source/basic/kafka_batch.slt         | 22 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs |  3 +--
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/source/basic/kafka_batch.slt b/e2e_test/source/basic/kafka_batch.slt
index 8d8d454c7c977..a1b7690a36c45 100644
--- a/e2e_test/source/basic/kafka_batch.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/source/basic/kafka_batch.slt
@@ -92,6 +92,28 @@ select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp > '1977-01-01 00:00:00+00:00'
 3 333
 4 4444
 
+query IT rowsort
+select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp > '1977-01-01 00:00:00'
+----
+1 1
+2 22
+3 333
+4 4444
+
+query IT rowsort
+select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp > TO_TIMESTAMP('1977-01-01 00:00:00.000000', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.US')
+----
+1 1
+2 22
+3 333
+4 4444
+
+statement error expected format
+select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp > 'abc'
+
+statement error out of range
+select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp < TO_TIMESTAMP(2147483647 + 1)
+
 query IT
 select * from s1 where _rw_kafka_timestamp > '2045-01-01 0:00:00+00:00'
 ----
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
index 4ac006887ef55..d2dbcf4787eb0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
@@ -369,8 +369,7 @@ fn expr_to_kafka_timestamp_range(
 
     match &expr {
         ExprImpl::FunctionCall(function_call) => {
-            if let Some((timestampz_literal, reverse)) = extract_timestampz_literal(&expr).unwrap()
-            {
+            if let Ok(Some((timestampz_literal, reverse))) = extract_timestampz_literal(&expr) {
                 match function_call.func_type() {
                     ExprType::GreaterThan => {
                         if reverse {

From 3fbe1ab23e23c09b21abdb1fa08c0fc7247f29be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 17:38:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 238/430] feat: improve sink mview throughput metrics (#12622)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |  2 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 40 +++++++++-----
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |  2 +-
 .../risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py    | 16 +++---
 grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json        |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs         |  6 +++
 src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs                   | 11 ++--
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 29 +++++++++-
 src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs  | 11 ++++
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               | 23 ++++----
 src/stream/src/executor/wrapper.rs            | 53 ++++---------------
 src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs      | 46 ++++++++--------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  2 -
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs         | 10 +---
 15 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 7d736b5db1b6f..aa46fc7ffb076 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":""},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["last"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","query":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"bytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":6,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) 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component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"percentunit"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":8},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":7,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 51abc67f64b45..5480a83c2694f 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -641,11 +641,6 @@ def section_object_storage(outer_panels):
 
 def section_streaming(outer_panels):
     panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
-    sink_filter = "executor_identity=~\".*SinkExecutor.*\""
-    mv_filter = "executor_identity=~\".*MaterializeExecutor.*\""
-    table_type_filter = "table_type=~\"MATERIALIZED_VIEW\""
-    mv_throughput_query = f'sum(rate({metric("stream_executor_row_count", filter=mv_filter)}[$__rate_interval]) * on(actor_id) group_left(materialized_view_id, table_name) (group({metric("table_info", filter=table_type_filter)}) by (actor_id, materialized_view_id, table_name))) by (materialized_view_id, table_name)'
-    sink_throughput_query = f'sum(rate({metric("stream_executor_row_count", filter=sink_filter)}[$__rate_interval]) * on(actor_id) group_left(sink_name) (group({metric("sink_info")}) by (actor_id, sink_name))) by (sink_name)'
     return [
         outer_panels.row_collapsed(
             "Streaming",
@@ -740,22 +735,41 @@ def section_streaming(outer_panels):
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_rowsps(
                     "Sink Throughput(rows/s)",
-                    "The figure shows the number of rows output by each sink per second.",
+                    "The number of rows streamed into each sink per second.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            sink_throughput_query,
-                            "sink {{sink_name}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('stream_sink_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (sink_id) * on(sink_id) group_left(sink_name) group({metric('sink_info')}) by (sink_id, sink_name)",
+                            "sink {{sink_id}} {{sink_name}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Sink Throughput(rows/s) per Partition",
+                    "The number of rows streamed into each sink per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('stream_sink_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (sink_id, actor_id) * on(actor_id) group_left(sink_name) {metric('sink_info')}",
+                            "sink {{sink_id}} {{sink_name}} - actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
-
                 panels.timeseries_rowsps(
                     "Materialized View Throughput(rows/s)",
                     "The figure shows the number of rows written into each materialized view per second.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            mv_throughput_query,
-                            "materialized view {{table_name}} table_id {{materialized_view_id}}",
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('stream_mview_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id) * on(table_id) group_left(table_name) group({metric('table_info')}) by (table_id, table_name)",
+                            "mview {{table_id}} {{table_name}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Materialized View Throughput(rows/s) per Partition",
+                    "The figure shows the number of rows written into each materialized view per second.",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('stream_mview_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (actor_id, table_id) * on(actor_id, table_id) group_left(table_name) {metric('table_info')}",
+                            "mview {{table_id}} {{table_name}} - actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -899,8 +913,8 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     "When enabled, this metric shows the input throughput of each executor.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_executor_row_count')}[$__rate_interval]) > 0",
-                            "actor {{actor_id}}->{{executor_identity}}",
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_executor_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "{{executor_identity}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 7d736b5db1b6f..aa46fc7ffb076 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 3ff1f2fe3a753..b02da86f73ed2 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ def section_overview(panels):
             ],
         ),
         panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-            "Aggregated Sink Throughput(rows/s)",
-            "The figure shows the number of rows output by each sink per second.",
+            "Sink Throughput(rows/s)",
+            "The number of rows streamed into each sink per second.",
             [
                 panels.target(
-                    f"sum(rate({metric('stream_executor_row_count', filter=sink_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_identity)",
-                    "{{executor_identity}}",
+                    f"sum(rate({metric('stream_sink_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (sink_id) * on(sink_id) group_left(sink_name) group({metric('sink_info')}) by (sink_id, sink_name)",
+                    "sink {{sink_id}} {{sink_name}}",
                 ),
             ],
         ),
         panels.timeseries_rowsps(
-            "Aggregated Materialized View Throughput(rows/s)",
-            "The figure shows the number of rows output by each materialized view per second.",
+            "Materialized View Throughput(rows/s)",
+            "The figure shows the number of rows written into each materialized view per second.",
             [
                 panels.target(
-                    f"sum(rate({metric('stream_executor_row_count', filter=mv_filter)}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_identity)",
-                    "{{executor_identity}}",
+                    f"sum(rate({metric('stream_mview_input_row_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id) * on(table_id) group_left(table_name) group({metric('table_info')}) by (table_id, table_name)",
+                    "mview {{table_id}} {{table_name}}",
                 ),
             ],
         ),
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 25870e98d782c..41469a848ea4d 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":false,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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Throughput(rows)","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"rows/s"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":52,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["mean"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"rate(connector_sink_rows_received{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"sink={{connector_type}} @ {{sink_id}}","metric":"","query":"rate(connector_sink_rows_received{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Connector Sink Throughput(rows)","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Connector Node","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"}],"refresh":"10s","rows":[],"schemaVersion":12,"sharedCrosshair":true,"style":"dark","tags":["risingwave"],"templating":{"list":[{"current":{"selected":false,"text":"All","value":"__all"},"definition":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, instance)","description":"Reporting instance of the metric","hide":0,"includeAll":true,"label":"Node","multi":true,"name":"node","options":[],"query":{"query":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, instance)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"},{"current":{"selected":false,"text":"All","value":"__all"},"definition":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","description":"Reporting job of the metric","hide":0,"includeAll":true,"label":"Job","multi":true,"name":"job","options":[],"query":{"query":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"}]},"time":{"from":"now-30m","to":"now"},"timepicker":{"hidden":false,"refresh_intervals":["5s","10s","30s","1m","5m","15m","30m","1h","2h","1d"],"time_options":["5m","15m","1h","6h","12h","24h","2d","7d","30d"]},"timezone":"browser","title":"risingwave_dashboard","uid":"Fcy3uV1nz","version":0}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
index 7e9f5e5c8ff43..c18dd7d10a92c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ impl SinkId {
     }
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Display for SinkId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.sink_id)
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<u32> for SinkId {
     fn from(id: u32) -> Self {
         Self::new(id)
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
index 1518495df0f7c..f11bbe7f41138 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ impl MetaMetrics {
         let sink_info = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "sink_info",
             "Mapping from actor id to (actor id, sink name)",
-            &["actor_id", "sink_name",],
+            &["actor_id", "sink_id", "sink_name",],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -810,13 +810,14 @@ pub async fn start_fragment_info_monitor(
 
                         if let Some(stream_node) = &actor.nodes {
                             if let Some(Sink(sink_node)) = &stream_node.node_body {
-                                let sink_name = match &sink_node.sink_desc {
-                                    Some(sink_desc) => &sink_desc.name,
-                                    _ => "unknown",
+                                let (sink_id, sink_name) = match &sink_node.sink_desc {
+                                    Some(sink_desc) => (sink_desc.id, sink_desc.name.as_str()),
+                                    _ => (0, "unknown"), // unreachable
                                 };
+                                let sink_id_str = sink_id.to_string();
                                 meta_metrics
                                     .sink_info
-                                    .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, sink_name])
+                                    .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &sink_id_str, sink_name])
                                     .set(1);
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 20e2b5463ffa6..7737e84c3d0eb 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub level: MetricLevel,
 
+    // Executor metrics (disabled by default)
     pub executor_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+
+    // Actor metrics
     pub actor_execution_time: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
     pub actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -48,10 +51,16 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub actor_in_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_out_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+
+    // Source
     pub source_output_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub source_row_per_barrier: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub source_split_change_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
+    // Sink & materialized view
+    pub sink_input_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    pub mview_input_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+
     // Exchange (see also `compute::ExchangeServiceMetrics`)
     pub exchange_frag_recv_size: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let executor_row_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_executor_row_count",
             "Total number of rows that have been output from each executor",
-            &["actor_id", "executor_identity"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "executor_identity"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -188,6 +197,22 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let sink_input_row_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_sink_input_row_count",
+            "Total number of rows streamed into sink executors",
+            &["sink_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let mview_input_row_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_mview_input_row_count",
+            "Total number of rows streamed into materialize executors",
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let actor_execution_time = register_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_actor_execution_time",
             "Total execution time (s) of an actor",
@@ -825,6 +850,8 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             source_output_row_count,
             source_row_per_barrier,
             source_split_change_count,
+            sink_input_row_count,
+            mview_input_row_count,
             exchange_frag_recv_size,
             join_lookup_miss_count,
             join_total_lookup_count,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
index caabe213e146c..44e15701a0729 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
@@ -119,6 +119,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
 
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(mut self) {
+        // for metrics
+        let table_id_str = self.state_table.table_id().to_string();
+        let actor_id_str = self.actor_context.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.actor_context.fragment_id.to_string();
+
         let data_types = self.schema().data_types().clone();
         let mut input = self.input.execute();
 
@@ -136,6 +141,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
             yield match msg {
                 Message::Watermark(w) => Message::Watermark(w),
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                    self.actor_context
+                        .streaming_metrics
+                        .mview_input_row_count
+                        .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+                        .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as u64);
+
                     match self.conflict_behavior {
                         ConflictBehavior::Overwrite | ConflictBehavior::IgnoreConflict => {
                             // create MaterializeBuffer from chunk
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index a11dfb8d81421..d9470edc2e9af 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::mem;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::stream::select;
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk, StreamChunkComp
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
-use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkType;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkId, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
     LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreTransformChunkLogReader, LogWriter,
 };
@@ -35,12 +34,10 @@ use risingwave_connector::sink::{
 
 use super::error::{StreamExecutorError, StreamExecutorResult};
 use super::{BoxedExecutor, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
-use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 use crate::executor::{expect_first_barrier, ActorContextRef, BoxedMessageStream};
 
 pub struct SinkExecutor<F: LogStoreFactory> {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
-    _metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     sink: SinkImpl,
     identity: String,
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
@@ -83,7 +80,6 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub async fn new(
         input: BoxedExecutor,
-        metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         sink_writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
         sink_param: SinkParam,
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
@@ -100,7 +96,6 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             .collect();
         Ok(Self {
             input,
-            _metrics: metrics,
             sink,
             identity: format!("SinkExecutor {:X?}", sink_writer_param.executor_id),
             pk_indices,
@@ -127,6 +122,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             self.input,
             stream_key,
             self.log_writer,
+            self.sink_param.sink_id,
             self.sink_param.sink_type,
             self.actor_context,
             stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch,
@@ -148,6 +144,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         input: BoxedExecutor,
         stream_key: PkIndices,
         mut log_writer: impl LogWriter,
+        sink_id: SinkId,
         sink_type: SinkType,
         actor_context: ActorContextRef,
         stream_key_sink_pk_mismatch: bool,
@@ -165,6 +162,11 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         // Propagate the first barrier
         yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
 
+        // for metrics
+        let sink_id_str = sink_id.to_string();
+        let actor_id_str = actor_context.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = actor_context.fragment_id.to_string();
+
         // When stream key is different from the user defined primary key columns for sinks. The operations could be out of order
         // stream key: a,b
         // sink pk: a
@@ -203,6 +205,12 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
                 match msg? {
                     Message::Watermark(w) => watermark = Some(w),
                     Message::Chunk(c) => {
+                        actor_context
+                            .streaming_metrics
+                            .sink_input_row_count
+                            .with_label_values(&[&sink_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+                            .inc_by(c.capacity() as u64);
+
                         chunk_buffer.push_chunk(c);
                     }
                     Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
@@ -415,7 +423,6 @@ mod test {
 
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
-            Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
             SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns.clone(),
@@ -537,7 +544,6 @@ mod test {
 
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
-            Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
             SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns.clone(),
@@ -656,7 +662,6 @@ mod test {
 
         let sink_executor = SinkExecutor::new(
             Box::new(mock),
-            Arc::new(StreamingMetrics::unused()),
             SinkWriterParam::for_test(),
             sink_param,
             columns,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper.rs
index 3109ba6ffe676..1b52911b2b509 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper.rs
@@ -17,11 +17,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 
-use super::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
-use super::{
-    BoxedExecutor, BoxedMessageStream, Executor, ExecutorInfo, MessageStream, PkIndicesRef,
-};
-use crate::task::ActorId;
+use super::*;
 
 mod epoch_check;
 mod epoch_provide;
@@ -29,21 +25,11 @@ mod schema_check;
 mod trace;
 mod update_check;
 
-struct ExtraInfo {
-    /// Index of input to this operator.
-    input_pos: usize,
-
-    actor_id: ActorId,
-    executor_id: u64,
-
-    metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
-}
-
 /// [`WrapperExecutor`] will do some sanity checks and logging for the wrapped executor.
 pub struct WrapperExecutor {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
 
-    extra: ExtraInfo,
+    actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
 
     enable_executor_row_count: bool,
 }
@@ -51,29 +37,19 @@ pub struct WrapperExecutor {
 impl WrapperExecutor {
     pub fn new(
         input: BoxedExecutor,
-        input_pos: usize,
-        actor_id: ActorId,
-        executor_id: u64,
-        metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
+        actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
         enable_executor_row_count: bool,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             input,
-            extra: ExtraInfo {
-                input_pos,
-                actor_id,
-                executor_id,
-                metrics,
-            },
+            actor_ctx,
             enable_executor_row_count,
         }
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::let_and_return)]
     fn wrap_debug(
-        _enable_executor_row_count: bool,
         info: Arc<ExecutorInfo>,
-        _extra: ExtraInfo,
         stream: impl MessageStream + 'static,
     ) -> impl MessageStream + 'static {
         // Update check
@@ -85,14 +61,13 @@ impl WrapperExecutor {
     fn wrap(
         enable_executor_row_count: bool,
         info: Arc<ExecutorInfo>,
-        extra: ExtraInfo,
+        actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
         stream: impl MessageStream + 'static,
     ) -> BoxedMessageStream {
         // -- Shared wrappers --
 
         // Await tree
-        let stream =
-            trace::instrument_await_tree(info.clone(), extra.actor_id, extra.executor_id, stream);
+        let stream = trace::instrument_await_tree(info.clone(), actor_ctx.id, stream);
 
         // Schema check
         let stream = schema_check::schema_check(info.clone(), stream);
@@ -103,18 +78,10 @@ impl WrapperExecutor {
         let stream = epoch_provide::epoch_provide(stream);
 
         // Trace
-        let stream = trace::trace(
-            enable_executor_row_count,
-            info.clone(),
-            extra.input_pos,
-            extra.actor_id,
-            extra.executor_id,
-            extra.metrics.clone(),
-            stream,
-        );
+        let stream = trace::trace(enable_executor_row_count, info.clone(), actor_ctx, stream);
 
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
-            Self::wrap_debug(enable_executor_row_count, info, extra, stream).boxed()
+            Self::wrap_debug(info, stream).boxed()
         } else {
             stream.boxed()
         }
@@ -127,7 +94,7 @@ impl Executor for WrapperExecutor {
         Self::wrap(
             self.enable_executor_row_count,
             info,
-            self.extra,
+            self.actor_ctx,
             self.input.execute(),
         )
         .boxed()
@@ -138,7 +105,7 @@ impl Executor for WrapperExecutor {
         Self::wrap(
             self.enable_executor_row_count,
             info,
-            self.extra,
+            self.actor_ctx,
             self.input.execute_with_epoch(epoch),
         )
         .boxed()
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
index 0b18d54a0bb58..5314d54ff1d89 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use tracing::{Instrument, Span};
 
 use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorError;
-use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
-use crate::executor::{ExecutorInfo, Message, MessageStream};
+use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, ExecutorInfo, Message, MessageStream};
 use crate::task::ActorId;
 
 /// Streams wrapped by `trace` will be traced with `tracing` spans and reported to `opentelemetry`.
@@ -29,19 +28,21 @@ use crate::task::ActorId;
 pub async fn trace(
     enable_executor_row_count: bool,
     info: Arc<ExecutorInfo>,
-    _input_pos: usize,
-    actor_id: ActorId,
-    executor_id: u64,
-    metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
+    actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
     input: impl MessageStream,
 ) {
-    let actor_id_string = actor_id.to_string();
-
-    let span_name = pretty_identity(&info.identity, actor_id, executor_id);
-
-    let is_sink_or_mv = info.identity.contains("Materialize") || info.identity.contains("Sink");
-
-    let new_span = || tracing::info_span!("executor", "otel.name" = span_name, actor_id);
+    let actor_id_str = actor_ctx.id.to_string();
+    let fragment_id_str = actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
+
+    let span_name = pretty_identity(&info.identity, actor_ctx.id);
+
+    let new_span = || {
+        tracing::info_span!(
+            "executor",
+            "otel.name" = span_name,
+            "actor_id" = actor_ctx.id
+        )
+    };
     let mut span = new_span();
 
     pin_mut!(input);
@@ -51,10 +52,11 @@ pub async fn trace(
         span.in_scope(|| match &message {
             Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                 if chunk.cardinality() > 0 {
-                    if enable_executor_row_count || is_sink_or_mv {
-                        metrics
+                    if enable_executor_row_count {
+                        actor_ctx
+                            .streaming_metrics
                             .executor_row_count
-                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_string, &span_name])
+                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, &info.identity])
                             .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as u64);
                     }
                     tracing::trace!(
@@ -100,13 +102,8 @@ pub async fn trace(
     }
 }
 
-fn pretty_identity(identity: &str, actor_id: ActorId, executor_id: u64) -> String {
-    format!(
-        "{} (actor {}, operator {})",
-        identity,
-        actor_id,
-        executor_id as u32 // The lower 32 bit is for the operator id.
-    )
+fn pretty_identity(identity: &str, actor_id: ActorId) -> String {
+    format!("{} (actor {})", identity, actor_id)
 }
 
 /// Streams wrapped by `instrument_await_tree` will be able to print the spans of the
@@ -115,12 +112,11 @@ fn pretty_identity(identity: &str, actor_id: ActorId, executor_id: u64) -> Strin
 pub async fn instrument_await_tree(
     info: Arc<ExecutorInfo>,
     actor_id: ActorId,
-    executor_id: u64,
     input: impl MessageStream,
 ) {
     pin_mut!(input);
 
-    let span: await_tree::Span = pretty_identity(&info.identity, actor_id, executor_id).into();
+    let span: await_tree::Span = pretty_identity(&info.identity, actor_id).into();
 
     while let Some(message) = input
         .next()
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index ba324e36a7f94..06d8849a2b93a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 Ok(Box::new(
                     SinkExecutor::new(
                         input_executor,
-                        stream.streaming_metrics.clone(),
                         SinkWriterParam {
                             connector_params: params.env.connector_params(),
                             executor_id: params.executor_id,
@@ -160,7 +159,6 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                     Ok(Box::new(
                         SinkExecutor::new(
                             input_executor,
-                            stream.streaming_metrics.clone(),
                             SinkWriterParam {
                                 connector_params: params.env.connector_params(),
                                 executor_id: params.executor_id,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index 8392129dfe528..eee41e62f321a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -504,7 +504,6 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         &mut self,
         fragment_id: FragmentId,
         node: &stream_plan::StreamNode,
-        input_pos: usize,
         env: StreamEnvironment,
         store: impl StateStore,
         actor_context: &ActorContextRef,
@@ -531,12 +530,11 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
 
         // Create the input executor before creating itself
         let mut input = Vec::with_capacity(node.input.iter().len());
-        for (input_pos, input_stream_node) in node.input.iter().enumerate() {
+        for input_stream_node in &node.input {
             input.push(
                 self.create_nodes_inner(
                     fragment_id,
                     input_stream_node,
-                    input_pos,
                     env.clone(),
                     store.clone(),
                     actor_context,
@@ -589,10 +587,7 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         // Wrap the executor for debug purpose.
         let executor = WrapperExecutor::new(
             executor,
-            input_pos,
-            actor_context.id,
-            executor_id,
-            self.streaming_metrics.clone(),
+            actor_context.clone(),
             self.config.developer.enable_executor_row_count,
         )
         .boxed();
@@ -628,7 +623,6 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
             self.create_nodes_inner(
                 fragment_id,
                 node,
-                0,
                 env,
                 store,
                 actor_context,

From 461c4eb131eb83fb7b916b00215288abab29c354 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 20:46:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 239/430] feat(stream): support snapshot read over N barriers
 (#12644)

---
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |   3 +
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs          |  20 ++-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  |   6 +
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 118 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs            |   3 +
 5 files changed, 147 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index 957f49b63e503..a1026e0d36c1f 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -462,6 +462,9 @@ message ChainNode {
 
   // The rate limit for the chain node.
   optional uint32 rate_limit = 8;
+
+  // Snapshot read every N barriers
+  uint32 snapshot_read_barrier_interval = 9;
 }
 
 // BatchPlanNode is used for mv on mv snapshot read.
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index 367cf4ce35ac4..90ac1a31bc6f7 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::util::epoch::Epoch;
 
 // This is a hack, &'static str is not allowed as a const generics argument.
 // TODO: refine this using the adt_const_params feature.
-const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
+const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 39] = [
     "RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH",
     "CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV",
     "QUERY_MODE",
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
     "CDC_BACKFILL",
     "RW_STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY",
     "BACKGROUND_DDL",
+    "BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL",
 ];
 
 // MUST HAVE 1v1 relationship to CONFIG_KEYS. e.g. CONFIG_KEYS[IMPLICIT_FLUSH] =
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ const STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
 const CDC_BACKFILL: usize = 35;
 const STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY: usize = 36;
 const BACKGROUND_DDL: usize = 37;
+const BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL: usize = 38;
 
 trait ConfigEntry: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<&'a [&'a str], Error = RwError> {
     fn entry_name() -> &'static str;
@@ -342,6 +344,7 @@ type StandardConformingStrings = ConfigString<STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS>;
 type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
 type CdcBackfill = ConfigBool<CDC_BACKFILL, false>;
 type BackgroundDdl = ConfigBool<BACKGROUND_DDL, false>;
+type BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval = ConfigU64<BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL, 1>;
 
 /// Report status or notice to caller.
 pub trait ConfigReporter {
@@ -491,6 +494,8 @@ pub struct ConfigMap {
     streaming_over_window_cache_policy: OverWindowCachePolicy,
 
     background_ddl: BackgroundDdl,
+
+    backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval: BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval,
 }
 
 impl ConfigMap {
@@ -610,6 +615,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             self.background_ddl = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name()) {
+            self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else {
             return Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into());
         }
@@ -699,6 +706,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             Ok(self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy.to_string())
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             Ok(self.background_ddl.to_string())
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name()) {
+            Ok(self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.to_string())
         } else {
             Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into())
         }
@@ -896,6 +905,11 @@ impl ConfigMap {
                 setting: self.background_ddl.to_string(),
                 description: String::from("Run DDL statements in background"),
             },
+            VariableInfo {
+                name: BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name().to_lowercase(),
+                setting: self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.to_string(),
+                description: String::from("Read from snapshot every N barriers"),
+            },
         ]
     }
 
@@ -1038,4 +1052,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
     pub fn get_background_ddl(&self) -> bool {
         self.background_ddl.0
     }
+
+    pub fn get_backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.0
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index bc841a3efd5cf..2520ce0a09cb1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -315,6 +315,12 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
                     .session_ctx()
                     .config()
                     .get_streaming_rate_limit(),
+                snapshot_read_barrier_interval: self
+                    .ctx()
+                    .session_ctx()
+                    .config()
+                    .get_backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval()
+                    as u32,
             })),
             stream_key,
             operator_id: self.base.id.0 as u64,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index bd40ea8b34e7d..c69992fb679e1 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -101,6 +101,41 @@ pub struct BackfillExecutor<S: StateStore> {
     metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
 
     chunk_size: usize,
+
+    // By default we read every barrier.
+    // With this we read every N barriers.
+    snapshot_read_interval: usize,
+}
+
+struct SnapshotControl {
+    snapshot_read_interval: usize,
+    intervals: usize,
+}
+
+impl SnapshotControl {
+    fn new(mut snapshot_read_interval: usize) -> Self {
+        if snapshot_read_interval == 0 {
+            snapshot_read_interval = 1;
+        }
+        Self {
+            snapshot_read_interval,
+            intervals: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn try_read(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let should_read = self.intervals == 0;
+        if should_read {
+            tracing::trace!("backfill should snapshot_read, interval={}", self.intervals);
+        } else {
+            tracing::trace!(
+                "backfill should not snapshot_read, interval={}",
+                self.intervals
+            );
+        }
+        self.intervals = (self.intervals + 1) % self.snapshot_read_interval;
+        should_read
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S> BackfillExecutor<S>
@@ -119,6 +154,7 @@ where
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         chunk_size: usize,
         executor_id: u64,
+        snapshot_read_interval: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             info: ExecutorInfo {
@@ -134,12 +170,15 @@ where
             progress,
             metrics,
             chunk_size,
+            snapshot_read_interval,
         }
     }
 
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(mut self) {
         // The primary key columns, in the output columns of the upstream_table scan.
+        let mut snapshot_control = SnapshotControl::new(self.snapshot_read_interval);
+
         let pk_in_output_indices = self.upstream_table.pk_in_output_indices().unwrap();
 
         let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + METADATA_STATE_LEN;
@@ -289,8 +328,82 @@ where
                                         // to flush remaining chunks from the chunk builder
                                         // on barrier.
                                         // Hence we break here and process it after this block.
-                                        pending_barrier = Some(barrier);
-                                        break;
+                                        if snapshot_control.try_read() {
+                                            pending_barrier = Some(barrier);
+                                            break;
+                                        } else {
+                                            // Process barrier:
+                                            // - consume upstream buffer chunk
+                                            // - switch snapshot
+
+                                            // Consume upstream buffer chunk
+                                            // If no current_pos, means we did not process any snapshot
+                                            // yet. In that case
+                                            // we can just ignore the upstream buffer chunk, but still need to clean it.
+                                            if let Some(current_pos) = &current_pos {
+                                                for chunk in upstream_chunk_buffer.drain(..) {
+                                                    cur_barrier_upstream_processed_rows +=
+                                                        chunk.cardinality() as u64;
+                                                    yield Message::Chunk(mapping_chunk(
+                                                        mark_chunk(
+                                                            chunk,
+                                                            current_pos,
+                                                            &pk_in_output_indices,
+                                                            pk_order,
+                                                        ),
+                                                        &self.output_indices,
+                                                    ));
+                                                }
+                                            } else {
+                                                upstream_chunk_buffer.clear()
+                                            }
+
+                                            self.metrics
+                                                .backfill_snapshot_read_row_count
+                                                .with_label_values(&[
+                                                    upstream_table_id.to_string().as_str(),
+                                                    self.actor_id.to_string().as_str(),
+                                                ])
+                                                .inc_by(cur_barrier_snapshot_processed_rows);
+
+                                            self.metrics
+                                                .backfill_upstream_output_row_count
+                                                .with_label_values(&[
+                                                    upstream_table_id.to_string().as_str(),
+                                                    self.actor_id.to_string().as_str(),
+                                                ])
+                                                .inc_by(cur_barrier_upstream_processed_rows);
+
+                                            // Update snapshot read epoch.
+                                            snapshot_read_epoch = barrier.epoch.prev;
+
+                                            self.progress.update(
+                                                barrier.epoch.curr,
+                                                snapshot_read_epoch,
+                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                                            );
+
+                                            // Persist state on barrier
+                                            Self::persist_state(
+                                                barrier.epoch,
+                                                &mut self.state_table,
+                                                false,
+                                                &current_pos,
+                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                                                &mut old_state,
+                                                &mut current_state,
+                                            )
+                                            .await?;
+
+                                            tracing::trace!(
+                                                epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
+                                                ?current_pos,
+                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
+                                                "Backfill state persisted"
+                                            );
+
+                                            yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+                                        }
                                     }
                                     Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                                         // Buffer the upstream chunk.
@@ -584,6 +697,7 @@ where
         ordered: bool,
         builder: &'a mut DataChunkBuilder,
     ) {
+        tracing::trace!("new snapshot_read, epoch={}", epoch);
         let range_bounds = compute_bounds(upstream_table.pk_indices(), current_pos);
         let range_bounds = match range_bounds {
             None => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
index 81030526b82f3..dbecae35542d8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
                     None
                 };
 
+                let snapshot_read_interval = node.get_snapshot_read_barrier_interval();
+
                 BackfillExecutor::new(
                     upstream_table,
                     mview,
@@ -173,6 +175,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
                     stream.streaming_metrics.clone(),
                     params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
                     params.executor_id,
+                    snapshot_read_interval as usize,
                 )
                 .boxed()
             }

From a46292eedc9a6d1ad10b5fb3e7d89495edfccad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 18:26:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 240/430] chore(deps): bump multimap from 0.8.3 to 0.9.0
 (#11464)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 11 ++++++++---
 src/stream/Cargo.toml         |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  2 --
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 01d09a424b84f..f18d4a3ba81e7 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4800,6 +4800,12 @@ name = "multimap"
 version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e5ce46fe64a9d73be07dcbe690a38ce1b293be448fd8ce1e6c1b8062c9f72c6a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "multimap"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70db9248a93dc36a36d9a47898caa007a32755c7ad140ec64eeeb50d5a730631"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -6261,7 +6267,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.10.5",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
- "multimap",
+ "multimap 0.8.3",
  "petgraph",
  "prettyplease",
  "prost",
@@ -7985,7 +7991,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tonic",
  "maplit",
  "memcomparable",
- "multimap",
+ "multimap 0.9.0",
  "num-traits",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "parse-display",
@@ -10837,7 +10843,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tokio",
  "md-5",
  "mio",
- "multimap",
  "nom",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
diff --git a/src/stream/Cargo.toml b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
index 65ad0efff97a4..69398ceeb12dc 100644
--- a/src/stream/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ local_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/local_stats_alloc" }
 lru = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/lru-rs.git", rev = "cb2d7c7" }
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 memcomparable = "0.2"
-multimap = "0.8"
+multimap = "0.9"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 parse-display = "0.8"
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 2e9e0fec03e1e..9ac71917cdcd5 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
-multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }
@@ -169,7 +168,6 @@ log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["kv_unstable", "s
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
-multimap = { version = "0.8" }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }

From 04f33a1e4bd21baed664c25584dce11485001cee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 10:24:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 241/430] feat(metrics): fragment level streaming metrics (part
 1) (#12634)

---
 src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs              |  2 +
 .../src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs      |  8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs     |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           | 27 +++---
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          | 15 ++--
 src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs       |  7 +-
 .../src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs    | 10 ++-
 src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs              |  2 +-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 90 +++++++++++--------
 src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs           |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs      |  8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs  |  7 +-
 .../executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs  |  7 +-
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs         |  3 +-
 14 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
index 7a3c951292086..85846557a3c4a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/actor.rs
@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@ pub struct ActorContext {
     pub id: ActorId,
     pub fragment_id: u32,
 
+    // TODO(eric): these seem to be useless now?
     last_mem_val: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
     cur_mem_val: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
     total_mem_val: Arc<TrAdder<i64>>,
+
     pub streaming_metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     pub error_suppressor: Arc<Mutex<ErrorSuppressor>>,
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
index bcc12d065169e..9e1d8d66da848 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/distinct.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
             .map(|_| BitmapBuilder::zeroed(column.len()))
             .collect_vec();
         let actor_id_str = ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         let table_id_str = dedup_table.table_id().to_string();
         for (datum_idx, (op, datum)) in ops.iter().zip_eq_fast(column.iter()).enumerate() {
             // skip if this item is hidden to all agg calls (this is likely to happen)
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
             self.metrics_info
                 .metrics
                 .agg_distinct_total_cache_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .inc();
             // TODO(yuhao): avoid this `contains`.
             // https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/9233
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
                 self.metrics_info
                     .metrics
                     .agg_distinct_cache_miss_count
-                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                     .inc();
                 // load from table into the cache
                 let counts = if let Some(counts_row) =
@@ -190,11 +191,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ColumnDeduplicater<S> {
         // WARN: if you want to change to batching the write to table. please remember to change
         // `self.cache.evict()` too.
         let actor_id_str = ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         let table_id_str = dedup_table.table_id().to_string();
         self.metrics_info
             .metrics
             .agg_distinct_cached_entry_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(self.cache.len() as i64);
         self.cache.evict();
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
index 576542ecfcecd..eb2fc97532c16 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl RemoteInput {
                         let msg_res = Message::from_protobuf(&msg);
                         metrics
                             .actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns
-                            .with_label_values(&[&down_actor_id])
+                            .with_label_values(&[&down_actor_id, &down_fragment_id])
                             .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                         msg_res
                     } else {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index e338341156091..6f2e6a490ad9c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -405,15 +405,17 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
 
             // Update the metrics.
             let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
+            let fragment_id_str = this.actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
             let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
-            let metric_dirty_count = this
-                .metrics
-                .agg_dirty_group_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str]);
+            let metric_dirty_count = this.metrics.agg_dirty_group_count.with_label_values(&[
+                &table_id_str,
+                &actor_id_str,
+                &fragment_id_str,
+            ]);
             let metric_dirty_heap_size = this
                 .metrics
                 .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str]);
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str]);
             let new_group_size = agg_group.estimated_size();
             if let Some(old_group_size) = old_group_size {
                 match new_group_size.cmp(&old_group_size) {
@@ -448,29 +450,30 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
     ) {
         // Update metrics.
         let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = this.actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
         this.metrics
             .agg_lookup_miss_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc_by(vars.stats.lookup_miss_count);
         vars.stats.lookup_miss_count = 0;
         this.metrics
             .agg_total_lookup_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc_by(vars.stats.total_lookup_count);
         vars.stats.total_lookup_count = 0;
         this.metrics
             .agg_cached_keys
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(vars.agg_group_cache.len() as i64);
         this.metrics
             .agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc_by(vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count);
         vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count = 0;
         this.metrics
             .agg_chunk_total_lookup_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc_by(vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count);
         vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count = 0;
 
@@ -552,11 +555,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.set(0);
         this.metrics
             .agg_dirty_group_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(0);
         this.metrics
             .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(0);
 
         // Yield the remaining rows in chunk builder.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index 8c1998811c159..ad380a56b3da0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -639,6 +639,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     pk_contained_in_jk_l,
                     metrics.clone(),
                     ctx.id,
+                    ctx.fragment_id,
                     "left",
                 ),
                 join_key_indices: join_key_indices_l,
@@ -666,6 +667,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     pk_contained_in_jk_r,
                     metrics.clone(),
                     ctx.id,
+                    ctx.fragment_id,
                     "right",
                 ),
                 join_key_indices: join_key_indices_r,
@@ -712,6 +714,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
         // The first barrier message should be propagated.
         yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         let mut start_time = Instant::now();
 
         while let Some(msg) = aligned_stream
@@ -721,7 +724,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
         {
             self.metrics
                 .join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns
-                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
             match msg? {
                 AlignedMessage::WatermarkLeft(watermark) => {
@@ -761,7 +764,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     left_time += left_start_time.elapsed();
                     self.metrics
                         .join_match_duration_ns
-                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, "left"])
+                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, "left"])
                         .inc_by(left_time.as_nanos() as u64);
                 }
                 AlignedMessage::Right(chunk) => {
@@ -787,7 +790,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                     right_time += right_start_time.elapsed();
                     self.metrics
                         .join_match_duration_ns
-                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, "right"])
+                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, "right"])
                         .inc_by(right_time.as_nanos() as u64);
                 }
                 AlignedMessage::Barrier(barrier) => {
@@ -817,17 +820,17 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                         // chunk would never be selected.
                         // self.metrics
                         //     .join_cached_rows
-                        //     .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, side])
+                        //     .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, side])
                         //     .set(ht.cached_rows() as i64);
                         self.metrics
                             .join_cached_entries
-                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, side])
+                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, side])
                             .set(ht.entry_count() as i64);
                     }
 
                     self.metrics
                         .join_match_duration_ns
-                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, "barrier"])
+                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, "barrier"])
                         .inc_by(barrier_start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
                     yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
index 463cec2d5f6bf..e0e62e7e04b7a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
@@ -371,10 +371,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
             .into_owned_row();
         let table_id_str = self.arrangement.storage_table.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .lookup_total_query_cache_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc();
         if let Some(result) = self.lookup_cache.lookup(&lookup_row) {
             return Ok(result.iter().cloned().collect_vec());
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .lookup_cache_miss_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc();
 
         tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::lookup::lookup_row", "{:?}", lookup_row);
@@ -433,7 +434,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .lookup_cached_entry_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(self.lookup_cache.len() as i64);
 
         Ok(all_rows.into_inner())
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
index 7ee23c06a5631..cbb90a7cb5ae6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use crate::common::metrics::MetricsInfo;
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorResult;
 use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
-use crate::task::{ActorId, AtomicU64Ref};
+use crate::task::{ActorId, AtomicU64Ref, FragmentId};
 
 type DegreeType = u64;
 
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ pub struct JoinHashMapMetrics {
     metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     /// Basic information
     actor_id: String,
+    fragment_id: String,
     join_table_id: String,
     degree_table_id: String,
     side: &'static str,
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
     pub fn new(
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         actor_id: ActorId,
+        fragment_id: FragmentId,
         side: &'static str,
         join_table_id: u32,
         degree_table_id: u32,
@@ -182,6 +184,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
         Self {
             metrics,
             actor_id: actor_id.to_string(),
+            fragment_id: fragment_id.to_string(),
             join_table_id: join_table_id.to_string(),
             degree_table_id: degree_table_id.to_string(),
             side,
@@ -199,6 +202,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
                 &self.join_table_id,
                 &self.degree_table_id,
                 &self.actor_id,
+                &self.fragment_id,
             ])
             .inc_by(self.lookup_miss_count as u64);
         self.metrics
@@ -208,6 +212,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
                 &self.join_table_id,
                 &self.degree_table_id,
                 &self.actor_id,
+                &self.fragment_id,
             ])
             .inc_by(self.total_lookup_count as u64);
         self.metrics
@@ -217,6 +222,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
                 &self.join_table_id,
                 &self.degree_table_id,
                 &self.actor_id,
+                &self.fragment_id,
             ])
             .inc_by(self.insert_cache_miss_count as u64);
         self.total_lookup_count = 0;
@@ -284,6 +290,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> JoinHashMap<K, S> {
         pk_contained_in_jk: bool,
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         actor_id: ActorId,
+        fragment_id: FragmentId,
         side: &'static str,
     ) -> Self {
         let alloc = StatsAlloc::new(Global).shared();
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> JoinHashMap<K, S> {
             metrics: JoinHashMapMetrics::new(
                 metrics,
                 actor_id,
+                fragment_id,
                 side,
                 join_table_id,
                 degree_table_id,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
index 4df4ae4d3e302..9c71684f529b8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl MergeExecutor {
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                     self.metrics
                         .actor_in_record_cnt
-                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str])
+                        .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                         .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 7737e84c3d0eb..189eb1ae334d1 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     // Executor metrics (disabled by default)
     pub executor_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
-    // Actor metrics
+    // Streaming actor metrics from tokio (disabled by default)
     pub actor_execution_time: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
     pub actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub actor_poll_cnt: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub actor_idle_duration: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
     pub actor_idle_cnt: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+
+    // Streaming actor
     pub actor_memory_usage: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub actor_in_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_out_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub group_top_n_appendonly_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
 
-    // look up
+    // Lookup executor
     pub lookup_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub lookup_total_query_cache_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub lookup_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_in_record_cnt = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_in_record_cnt",
             "Total number of rows actor received",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns",
             "Duration (ns) of sampled chunk deserialization",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -352,7 +354,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let actor_memory_usage = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "actor_memory_usage",
             "Memory usage (bytes)",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry,
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -360,7 +362,13 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_lookup_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_lookup_miss_count",
             "Join executor lookup miss duration",
-            &["side", "join_table_id", "degree_table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &[
+                "side",
+                "join_table_id",
+                "degree_table_id",
+                "actor_id",
+                "fragment_id"
+            ],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -368,7 +376,13 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_total_lookup_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_lookup_total_count",
             "Join executor lookup total operation",
-            &["side", "join_table_id", "degree_table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &[
+                "side",
+                "join_table_id",
+                "degree_table_id",
+                "actor_id",
+                "fragment_id"
+            ],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -376,7 +390,13 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_insert_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_insert_cache_miss_count",
             "Join executor cache miss when insert operation",
-            &["side", "join_table_id", "degree_table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &[
+                "side",
+                "join_table_id",
+                "degree_table_id",
+                "actor_id",
+                "fragment_id"
+            ],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -384,7 +404,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns",
             "Total waiting duration (ns) of input buffer of join actor",
-            &["actor_id"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -392,7 +412,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_match_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_match_duration_ns",
             "Matching duration for each side",
-            &["actor_id", "side"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -419,7 +439,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_cached_entries = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_cached_entries",
             "Number of cached entries in streaming join operators",
-            &["actor_id", "side"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -427,7 +447,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_cached_rows = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_cached_rows",
             "Number of cached rows in streaming join operators",
-            &["actor_id", "side"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -435,7 +455,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let join_cached_estimated_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_cached_estimated_size",
             "Estimated size of all cached entries in streaming join operators",
-            &["actor_id", "side"],
+            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -463,7 +483,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_lookup_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_lookup_miss_count",
             "Aggregation executor lookup miss duration",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -471,7 +491,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_total_lookup_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_lookup_total_count",
             "Aggregation executor lookup total operation",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -479,7 +499,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_distinct_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_distinct_cache_miss_count",
             "Aggregation executor dinsinct miss duration",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -487,7 +507,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_distinct_total_cache_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_distinct_total_cache_count",
             "Aggregation executor distinct total operation",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -495,7 +515,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_distinct_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_distinct_cached_entry_count",
             "Total entry counts in distinct aggregation executor cache",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -503,7 +523,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_dirty_group_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_dirty_group_count",
             "Total dirty group counts in aggregation executor",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -511,7 +531,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_dirty_group_heap_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_dirty_group_heap_size",
             "Total dirty group heap size in aggregation executor",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -519,7 +539,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let group_top_n_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count",
             "Group top n executor cache miss count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -527,7 +547,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let group_top_n_total_query_cache_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_total_query_cache_count",
             "Group top n executor query cache total count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -535,7 +555,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let group_top_n_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_cached_entry_count",
             "Total entry counts in group top n executor cache",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -543,7 +563,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count",
             "Group top n appendonly executor cache miss count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -552,7 +572,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
                 "stream_group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count",
                 "Group top n appendonly executor total cache count",
-                &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+                &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
                 registry
             )
             .unwrap();
@@ -560,7 +580,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let group_top_n_appendonly_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cached_entry_count",
             "Total entry counts in group top n appendonly executor cache",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -568,7 +588,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let lookup_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_lookup_cache_miss_count",
             "Lookup executor cache miss count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -576,7 +596,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let lookup_total_query_cache_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_lookup_total_query_cache_count",
             "Lookup executor query cache total count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -584,7 +604,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let lookup_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_lookup_cached_entry_count",
             "Total entry counts in lookup executor cache",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -592,7 +612,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let temporal_join_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_temporal_join_cache_miss_count",
             "Temporal join executor cache miss count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -600,7 +620,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let temporal_join_total_query_cache_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_temporal_join_total_query_cache_count",
             "Temporal join executor query cache total count",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -608,7 +628,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let temporal_join_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_temporal_join_cached_entry_count",
             "Total entry count in temporal join executor cache",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -616,7 +636,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_cached_keys = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_cached_keys",
             "Number of cached keys in streaming aggregation operators",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -624,7 +644,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count",
             "Aggregation executor chunk-level lookup miss duration",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -632,7 +652,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         let agg_chunk_total_lookup_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_agg_chunk_lookup_total_count",
             "Aggregation executor chunk-level lookup total operation",
-            &["table_id", "actor_id"],
+            &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
index 64c4bfabc1b58..a99bbc2347a03 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl Executor for ReceiverExecutor {
                     Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                         self.metrics
                             .actor_in_record_cnt
-                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str])
+                            .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                             .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
                     }
                     Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
index 8267edc3154d5..3c8cde63c4ca9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
@@ -154,10 +154,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> TemporalSide<K, S> {
     async fn lookup(&mut self, key: &K, epoch: HummockEpoch) -> StreamExecutorResult<JoinEntry> {
         let table_id_str = self.source.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .temporal_join_total_query_cache_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc();
 
         let res = if self.cache.contains(key) {
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> TemporalSide<K, S> {
             self.ctx
                 .streaming_metrics
                 .temporal_join_cache_miss_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .inc();
 
             let pk_prefix = key.deserialize(&self.join_key_data_types)?;
@@ -414,13 +415,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
 
         let table_id_str = self.right_table.source.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         #[for_await]
         for msg in align_input(self.left, self.right) {
             self.right_table.cache.evict();
             self.ctx
                 .streaming_metrics
                 .temporal_join_cached_entry_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .set(self.right_table.cache.len() as i64);
             match msg? {
                 InternalMessage::WaterMark(watermark) => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
index 78c12ee82f3cd..031517403b0b3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ where
         let keys = K::build(&self.group_by, chunk.data_chunk())?;
         let table_id_str = self.managed_state.state_table.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         for (r, group_cache_key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
             let Some((op, row_ref)) = r else {
                 continue;
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ where
             self.ctx
                 .streaming_metrics
                 .group_top_n_total_query_cache_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .inc();
             // If 'self.caches' does not already have a cache for the current group, create a new
             // cache for it and insert it into `self.caches`
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ where
                 self.ctx
                     .streaming_metrics
                     .group_top_n_cache_miss_count
-                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                     .inc();
                 let mut topn_cache =
                     TopNCache::new(self.offset, self.limit, self.schema().data_types());
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ where
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .group_top_n_cached_entry_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(self.caches.len() as i64);
         generate_output(res_rows, res_ops, self.schema())
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
index 140a06984e586..45e05abfd21dc 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ where
         let row_deserializer = RowDeserializer::new(data_types.clone());
         let table_id_str = self.managed_state.state_table.table_id().to_string();
         let actor_id_str = self.ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = self.ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         for (r, group_cache_key) in chunk.rows_with_holes().zip_eq_debug(keys.iter()) {
             let Some((op, row_ref)) = r else {
                 continue;
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ where
             self.ctx
                 .streaming_metrics
                 .group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                 .inc();
             // If 'self.caches' does not already have a cache for the current group, create a new
             // cache for it and insert it into `self.caches`
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ where
                 self.ctx
                     .streaming_metrics
                     .group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count
-                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+                    .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                     .inc();
                 let mut topn_cache = TopNCache::new(self.offset, self.limit, data_types.clone());
                 self.managed_state
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ where
         self.ctx
             .streaming_metrics
             .group_top_n_appendonly_cached_entry_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str])
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(self.caches.len() as i64);
         generate_output(res_rows, res_ops, self.schema())
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index eee41e62f321a..d1afaeb061809 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -709,13 +709,14 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
                 {
                     let metrics = self.streaming_metrics.clone();
                     let actor_id_str = actor_id.to_string();
+                    let fragment_id_str = actor_context.fragment_id.to_string();
                     let allocation_stated = task_stats_alloc::allocation_stat(
                         instrumented,
                         Duration::from_millis(1000),
                         move |bytes| {
                             metrics
                                 .actor_memory_usage
-                                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str])
+                                .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
                                 .set(bytes as i64);
 
                             actor_context.store_mem_usage(bytes);

From 01c7c2bed08c447cca9a927e626d95498ce271b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 14:21:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 242/430] feat(object storage): add is_https_endpoint for minio
 (#12517)

---
 src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs | 14 +++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
index 90e419567bceb..a53f1a6825281 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
@@ -616,7 +616,16 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
     pub async fn with_minio(server: &str, metrics: Arc<ObjectStoreMetrics>) -> Self {
         let server = server.strip_prefix("minio://").unwrap();
         let (access_key_id, rest) = server.split_once(':').unwrap();
-        let (secret_access_key, rest) = rest.split_once('@').unwrap();
+        let (secret_access_key, mut rest) = rest.split_once('@').unwrap();
+        let endpoint_prefix = if let Some(rest_stripped) = rest.strip_prefix("https://") {
+            rest = rest_stripped;
+            "https://"
+        } else if let Some(rest_stripped) = rest.strip_prefix("http://") {
+            rest = rest_stripped;
+            "http://"
+        } else {
+            "http://"
+        };
         let (address, bucket) = rest.split_once('/').unwrap();
 
         #[cfg(madsim)]
@@ -626,10 +635,9 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
             aws_sdk_s3::config::Builder::from(&aws_config::ConfigLoader::default().load().await)
                 .force_path_style(true)
                 .http_connector(Self::new_http_connector(&S3ObjectStoreConfig::default()));
-
         let config = builder
             .region(Region::new("custom"))
-            .endpoint_url(format!("http://{}", address))
+            .endpoint_url(format!("{}{}", endpoint_prefix, address))
             .credentials_provider(Credentials::from_keys(
                 access_key_id,
                 secret_access_key,

From 848b0a117c945c515923d3dd4e19ddea9325fbd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 15:15:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 243/430] feat(sink): kafka async truncate log (#12587)

---
 src/common/src/util/future_utils.rs |  10 +
 src/common/src/util/mod.rs          |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs     | 249 ++++++++---------
 src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs | 410 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs    |  46 ----
 5 files changed, 531 insertions(+), 186 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/util/future_utils.rs b/src/common/src/util/future_utils.rs
index 4b077ef76fdbd..75c38488457ac 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/future_utils.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/future_utils.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::future::pending;
 
+use futures::future::Either;
 use futures::{Future, FutureExt, Stream};
 
 /// Convert a list of streams into a [`Stream`] of results from the streams.
@@ -33,3 +34,12 @@ pub fn pending_on_none<I>(future: impl Future<Output = Option<I>>) -> impl Futur
         }
     })
 }
+
+pub fn drop_either_future<A, B>(
+    either: Either<(A, impl Future), (B, impl Future)>,
+) -> Either<A, B> {
+    match either {
+        Either::Left((left, _)) => Either::Left(left),
+        Either::Right((right, _)) => Either::Right(right),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/mod.rs b/src/common/src/util/mod.rs
index c7a540ebe1d01..f4140b558faa7 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/mod.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub mod tracing;
 pub mod value_encoding;
 pub mod worker_util;
 
-pub use future_utils::{pending_on_none, select_all};
+pub use future_utils::{drop_either_future, pending_on_none, select_all};
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod match_util;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index f5719cafc0ec3..04644ef7b6d88 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -12,33 +12,36 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::pin::pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::future::{select, Either};
 use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
-use rdkafka::error::{KafkaError, KafkaResult};
+use rdkafka::error::KafkaError;
 use rdkafka::message::ToBytes;
 use rdkafka::producer::{DeliveryFuture, FutureProducer, FutureRecord};
 use rdkafka::types::RDKafkaErrorCode;
 use rdkafka::ClientConfig;
-use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::util::drop_either_future;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
+use tonic::codegen::futures_core::TryFuture;
 
 use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
-use crate::sink::writer::{
-    FormattedSink, LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt, SinkWriterV1, SinkWriterV1Adapter,
+use crate::sink::log_store::{
+    DeliveryFutureManager, DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture, LogReader, LogStoreReadItem,
 };
-use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, SinkWriterParam};
+use crate::sink::writer::FormattedSink;
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, LogSinker, Result, SinkWriterParam};
 use crate::source::kafka::{KafkaProperties, KafkaSplitEnumerator, PrivateLinkProducerContext};
 use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator};
 use crate::{
@@ -288,25 +291,19 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for KafkaSink {
 
 impl Sink for KafkaSink {
     type Coordinator = DummySinkCommitCoordinator;
-    type LogSinker = LogSinkerOf<SinkWriterV1Adapter<KafkaSinkWriter>>;
+    type LogSinker = KafkaLogSinker;
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KAFKA_SINK;
 
-    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
-        Ok(SinkWriterV1Adapter::new(
-            KafkaSinkWriter::new(
-                self.config.clone(),
-                SinkFormatterImpl::new(
-                    &self.format_desc,
-                    self.schema.clone(),
-                    self.pk_indices.clone(),
-                    self.db_name.clone(),
-                    self.sink_from_name.clone(),
-                )?,
-            )
-            .await?,
-        )
-        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &self.format_desc,
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.pk_indices.clone(),
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+        )?;
+        KafkaLogSinker::new(self.config.clone(), formatter).await
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -345,20 +342,23 @@ const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO: f32 = 1.2;
 /// <https://github.com/confluentinc/librdkafka/blob/1cb80090dfc75f5a36eae3f4f8844b14885c045e/CONFIGURATION.md>
 const KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 100000;
 
-struct KafkaPayloadWriter {
-    inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
-    future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque<DeliveryFuture>,
-    config: KafkaConfig,
+struct KafkaPayloadWriter<'a> {
+    inner: &'a FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
+    add_future: DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture<'a, KafkaSinkDeliveryFuture>,
+    config: &'a KafkaConfig,
 }
 
-pub struct KafkaSinkWriter {
-    pub config: KafkaConfig,
-    payload_writer: KafkaPayloadWriter,
+type KafkaSinkDeliveryFuture = impl TryFuture<Ok = (), Error = SinkError> + Unpin + 'static;
+
+pub struct KafkaLogSinker {
     formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
+    inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext>,
+    future_manager: DeliveryFutureManager<KafkaSinkDeliveryFuture>,
+    config: KafkaConfig,
 }
 
-impl KafkaSinkWriter {
-    pub async fn new(config: KafkaConfig, formatter: SinkFormatterImpl) -> Result<Self> {
+impl KafkaLogSinker {
+    async fn new(config: KafkaConfig, formatter: SinkFormatterImpl) -> Result<Self> {
         let inner: FutureProducer<PrivateLinkProducerContext> = {
             let mut c = ClientConfig::new();
 
@@ -381,25 +381,27 @@ impl KafkaSinkWriter {
             c.create_with_context(producer_ctx).await?
         };
 
-        Ok(KafkaSinkWriter {
-            config: config.clone(),
-            payload_writer: KafkaPayloadWriter {
-                inner,
-                future_delivery_buffer: VecDeque::new(),
-                config,
-            },
+        let max_delivery_buffer_size = (config
+            .rdkafka_properties
+            .queue_buffering_max_messages
+            .as_ref()
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or(KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) as f32
+            * KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO) as usize;
+
+        Ok(KafkaLogSinker {
             formatter,
+            inner,
+            config: config.clone(),
+            future_manager: DeliveryFutureManager::new(max_delivery_buffer_size),
         })
     }
 }
 
-impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
+impl<'w> KafkaPayloadWriter<'w> {
     /// The actual `send_result` function, will be called when the `KafkaSinkWriter` needs to sink
     /// messages
-    async fn send_result<'a, K, P>(
-        &'a mut self,
-        mut record: FutureRecord<'a, K, P>,
-    ) -> KafkaResult<()>
+    async fn send_result<'a, K, P>(&'a mut self, mut record: FutureRecord<'a, K, P>) -> Result<()>
     where
         K: ToBytes + ?Sized,
         P: ToBytes + ?Sized,
@@ -408,36 +410,21 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
 
         let mut ret = Ok(());
 
-        let max_delivery_buffer_size = (self
-            .config
-            .rdkafka_properties
-            .queue_buffering_max_messages
-            .as_ref()
-            .cloned()
-            .unwrap_or(KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) as f32
-            * KAFKA_WRITER_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE_RATIO) as usize;
-
         for i in 0..self.config.max_retry_num {
             match self.inner.send_result(record) {
                 Ok(delivery_future) => {
-                    // First check if the current length is
-                    // greater than the preset limit
-                    while self.future_delivery_buffer.len() >= max_delivery_buffer_size {
+                    if self
+                        .add_future
+                        .add_future_may_await(Self::map_delivery_future(delivery_future))
+                        .await?
+                    {
                         tracing::warn!(
                             "Number of records being delivered ({}) >= expected kafka producer queue size ({}).
                             This indicates the default value of queue.buffering.max.messages has changed.",
-                            self.future_delivery_buffer.len(),
-                            max_delivery_buffer_size
+                            self.add_future.future_count(),
+                            self.add_future.max_future_count()
                         );
-                        Self::map_future_result(
-                            self.future_delivery_buffer
-                                .pop_front()
-                                .expect("Expect the future not to be None")
-                                .await,
-                        )?;
                     }
-
-                    self.future_delivery_buffer.push_back(delivery_future);
                     success_flag = true;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -455,18 +442,13 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
                         KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull) => {
                             tracing::warn!(
                                 "Producer queue full. Delivery future buffer size={}. Await and retry #{}",
-                                self.future_delivery_buffer.len(),
+                                self.add_future.future_count(),
                                 i
                             );
-                            Self::map_future_result(
-                                self.future_delivery_buffer
-                                    .pop_front()
-                                    .expect("Expect the future not to be None")
-                                    .await,
-                            )?;
+                            self.add_future.await_one_delivery().await?;
                             continue;
                         }
-                        _ => return Err(e),
+                        _ => return Err(e.into()),
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -475,7 +457,7 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
         if !success_flag {
             // In this case, after trying `max_retry_num`
             // The enqueue buffer is still full
-            ret = Err(KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull));
+            ret = Err(KafkaError::MessageProduction(RDKafkaErrorCode::QueueFull).into());
         }
 
         ret
@@ -502,9 +484,7 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn map_future_result(
-        delivery_future_result: <DeliveryFuture as Future>::Output,
-    ) -> KafkaResult<()> {
+    fn map_future_result(delivery_future_result: <DeliveryFuture as Future>::Output) -> Result<()> {
         match delivery_future_result {
             // Successfully sent the record
             // Will return the partition and offset of the message (i32, i64)
@@ -515,37 +495,20 @@ impl KafkaPayloadWriter {
             // i.e., (KafkaError, OwnedMessage)
             // We will just stop the loop, and return the error
             // The sink executor will back to the latest checkpoint
-            Ok(Err((k_err, _msg))) => Err(k_err),
+            Ok(Err((k_err, _msg))) => Err(k_err.into()),
             // This represents the producer is dropped
             // before the delivery status is received
             // Return `KafkaError::Canceled`
-            Err(_) => Err(KafkaError::Canceled),
+            Err(_) => Err(KafkaError::Canceled.into()),
         }
     }
 
-    async fn commit_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        let _v = try_join_all(
-            self.future_delivery_buffer
-                .drain(..)
-                .map(|delivery_future| {
-                    delivery_future.map(|delivery_future_result| {
-                        Self::map_future_result(delivery_future_result).map_err(SinkError::Kafka)
-                    })
-                }),
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-        // Sanity check
-        debug_assert!(
-            self.future_delivery_buffer.is_empty(),
-            "The buffer after `commit_inner` must be empty"
-        );
-
-        Ok(())
+    fn map_delivery_future(future: DeliveryFuture) -> KafkaSinkDeliveryFuture {
+        future.map(KafkaPayloadWriter::<'static>::map_future_result)
     }
 }
 
-impl FormattedSink for KafkaPayloadWriter {
+impl<'a> FormattedSink for KafkaPayloadWriter<'a> {
     type K = Vec<u8>;
     type V = Vec<u8>;
 
@@ -554,32 +517,47 @@ impl FormattedSink for KafkaPayloadWriter {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl SinkWriterV1 for KafkaSinkWriter {
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
-            self.payload_writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /// Note: The following functions are just to satisfy `SinkWriterV1` trait                |
-    /// We do not need transaction-related functionality for sink executor, return Ok(())     |
-    /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Note that epoch 0 is reserved for initializing, so we should not use epoch 0 for
-    // transaction.
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        // Group delivery (await the `FutureRecord`) here
-        self.payload_writer.commit_inner().await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
+impl LogSinker for KafkaLogSinker {
+    async fn consume_log_and_sink(mut self, mut log_reader: impl LogReader) -> Result<()> {
+        log_reader.init().await?;
+        loop {
+            let select_result = drop_either_future(
+                select(
+                    pin!(log_reader.next_item()),
+                    pin!(self.future_manager.next_truncate_offset()),
+                )
+                .await,
+            );
+            match select_result {
+                Either::Left(item_result) => {
+                    let (epoch, item) = item_result?;
+                    match item {
+                        LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk_id, chunk } => {
+                            dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
+                                let mut writer = KafkaPayloadWriter {
+                                    inner: &self.inner,
+                                    add_future: self
+                                        .future_manager
+                                        .start_write_chunk(epoch, chunk_id),
+                                    config: &self.config,
+                                };
+                                writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await?;
+                            })
+                        }
+                        LogStoreReadItem::Barrier {
+                            is_checkpoint: _is_checkpoint,
+                        } => {
+                            self.future_manager.add_barrier(epoch);
+                        }
+                        LogStoreReadItem::UpdateVnodeBitmap(_) => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                Either::Right(offset_result) => {
+                    let offset = offset_result?;
+                    log_reader.truncate(offset).await?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -752,7 +730,7 @@ mod test {
         let kafka_config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?;
 
         // Create the actual sink writer to Kafka
-        let mut sink = KafkaSinkWriter::new(
+        let mut sink = KafkaLogSinker::new(
             kafka_config.clone(),
             SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(
                 JsonEncoder::new(
@@ -767,12 +745,14 @@ mod test {
         .unwrap();
 
         for i in 0..10 {
-            let mut fail_flag = false;
-            sink.begin_epoch(i).await?;
             println!("epoch: {}", i);
             for j in 0..100 {
-                match sink
-                    .payload_writer
+                let mut writer = KafkaPayloadWriter {
+                    inner: &sink.inner,
+                    add_future: sink.future_manager.start_write_chunk(i, j),
+                    config: &sink.config,
+                };
+                match writer
                     .send_result(
                         FutureRecord::to(kafka_config.common.topic.as_str())
                             .payload(format!("value-{}", j).as_bytes())
@@ -782,16 +762,11 @@ mod test {
                 {
                     Ok(_) => {}
                     Err(e) => {
-                        fail_flag = true;
                         println!("{:?}", e);
-                        sink.abort().await?;
+                        break;
                     }
                 };
             }
-            if !fail_flag {
-                sink.commit().await?;
-                println!("commit success");
-            }
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
index d8dae1db0ce19..d6aa1699d3114 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::future::Future;
+use std::future::{poll_fn, Future};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::task::Poll;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
+use futures::{TryFuture, TryFutureExt};
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -192,9 +195,196 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+enum DeliveryFutureManagerItem<F> {
+    Chunk {
+        chunk_id: ChunkId,
+        // earlier future at the front
+        futures: VecDeque<F>,
+    },
+    Barrier,
+}
+
+pub struct DeliveryFutureManager<F> {
+    future_count: usize,
+    max_future_count: usize,
+    // earlier items at the front
+    items: VecDeque<(u64, DeliveryFutureManagerItem<F>)>,
+}
+
+impl<F> DeliveryFutureManager<F> {
+    pub fn new(max_future_count: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            future_count: 0,
+            max_future_count,
+            items: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_barrier(&mut self, epoch: u64) {
+        if let Some((item_epoch, last_item)) = self.items.back() {
+            match last_item {
+                DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk { .. } => {
+                    assert_eq!(*item_epoch, epoch)
+                }
+                DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Barrier => {
+                    assert!(
+                        epoch > *item_epoch,
+                        "new barrier epoch {} should be greater than prev barrier {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        item_epoch
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.items
+            .push_back((epoch, DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Barrier));
+    }
+
+    pub fn start_write_chunk(
+        &mut self,
+        epoch: u64,
+        chunk_id: ChunkId,
+    ) -> DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture<'_, F> {
+        if let Some((item_epoch, item)) = self.items.back() {
+            match item {
+                DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk {
+                    chunk_id: item_chunk_id,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    assert_eq!(epoch, *item_epoch);
+                    assert!(
+                        chunk_id > *item_chunk_id,
+                        "new chunk id {} should be greater than prev chunk id {}",
+                        chunk_id,
+                        item_chunk_id
+                    );
+                }
+                DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Barrier => {
+                    assert!(
+                        epoch > *item_epoch,
+                        "new chunk epoch {} should be greater than prev barrier: {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        item_epoch
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.items.push_back((
+            epoch,
+            DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk {
+                chunk_id,
+                futures: VecDeque::new(),
+            },
+        ));
+        DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture<'a, F>(&'a mut DeliveryFutureManager<F>);
+
+impl<'a, F: TryFuture<Ok = ()> + Unpin + 'static> DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture<'a, F> {
+    /// Add a new future to the latest started written chunk.
+    /// The returned bool value indicate whether we have awaited on any previous futures.
+    pub async fn add_future_may_await(&mut self, future: F) -> Result<bool, F::Error> {
+        let mut has_await = false;
+        while self.0.future_count >= self.0.max_future_count {
+            self.await_one_delivery().await?;
+            has_await = true;
+        }
+        match self.0.items.back_mut() {
+            Some((_, DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk { futures, .. })) => {
+                futures.push_back(future);
+                self.0.future_count += 1;
+                Ok(has_await)
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("should add future only after add a new chunk"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn await_one_delivery(&mut self) -> Result<(), F::Error> {
+        for (_, item) in &mut self.0.items {
+            if let DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk {futures, ..} = item && let Some(mut delivery_future) = futures.pop_front() {
+                self.0.future_count -= 1;
+                return poll_fn(|cx| delivery_future.try_poll_unpin(cx)).await;
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn future_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.future_count
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_future_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.max_future_count
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: TryFuture<Ok = ()> + Unpin + 'static> DeliveryFutureManager<F> {
+    pub fn next_truncate_offset(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<TruncateOffset, F::Error>> + '_ {
+        poll_fn(move |cx| {
+            let mut latest_offset: Option<TruncateOffset> = None;
+            'outer: while let Some((epoch, item)) = self.items.front_mut() {
+                match item {
+                    DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Chunk { chunk_id, futures } => {
+                        while let Some(future) = futures.front_mut() {
+                            match future.try_poll_unpin(cx) {
+                                Poll::Ready(result) => match result {
+                                    Ok(()) => {
+                                        self.future_count -= 1;
+                                        futures.pop_front();
+                                    }
+                                    Err(e) => {
+                                        return Poll::Ready(Err(e));
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                Poll::Pending => {
+                                    break 'outer;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // when we reach here, there must not be any pending or error future.
+                        // Which means all futures of this stream chunk have been finished
+                        assert!(futures.is_empty());
+                        latest_offset = Some(TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                            epoch: *epoch,
+                            chunk_id: *chunk_id,
+                        });
+                        self.items.pop_front().expect("items not empty");
+                    }
+                    DeliveryFutureManagerItem::Barrier => {
+                        latest_offset = Some(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: *epoch });
+                        self.items.pop_front().expect("items not empty");
+                        // Barrier will be yielded anyway
+                        break 'outer;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(offset) = latest_offset {
+                Poll::Ready(Ok(offset))
+            } else {
+                Poll::Pending
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::sink::log_store::TruncateOffset;
+    use std::future::{poll_fn, Future};
+    use std::pin::pin;
+    use std::task::Poll;
+
+    use futures::{FutureExt, TryFuture};
+    use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+    use tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver;
+
+    use crate::sink::log_store::{DeliveryFutureManager, TruncateOffset};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_truncate_offset_cmp() {
@@ -245,4 +435,220 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert!(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 2 } > TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 1 });
     }
+
+    type TestFuture = impl TryFuture<Ok = (), Error = anyhow::Error> + Unpin + 'static;
+    fn to_test_future(rx: Receiver<anyhow::Result<()>>) -> TestFuture {
+        async move { rx.await.unwrap() }.boxed()
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_empty() {
+        let mut manager = DeliveryFutureManager::<TestFuture>::new(2);
+        let mut future = pin!(manager.next_truncate_offset());
+        assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+            .await
+            .is_pending());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_future_delivery_manager_basic() {
+        let mut manager = DeliveryFutureManager::new(2);
+        let epoch1 = 233;
+        let chunk_id1 = 1;
+        let (tx1_1, rx1_1) = oneshot::channel();
+        let mut write_chunk = manager.start_write_chunk(epoch1, chunk_id1);
+        assert!(!write_chunk
+            .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 1);
+        {
+            let mut next_truncate_offset = pin!(manager.next_truncate_offset());
+            assert!(
+                poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(next_truncate_offset.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending()
+            );
+            tx1_1.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                next_truncate_offset.await.unwrap(),
+                TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: epoch1,
+                    chunk_id: chunk_id1
+                }
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 0);
+        manager.add_barrier(epoch1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            manager.next_truncate_offset().await.unwrap(),
+            TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch1 }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_future_delivery_manager_compress_chunk() {
+        let mut manager = DeliveryFutureManager::new(10);
+        let epoch1 = 233;
+        let chunk_id1 = 1;
+        let chunk_id2 = chunk_id1 + 1;
+        let chunk_id3 = chunk_id2 + 1;
+        let (tx1_1, rx1_1) = oneshot::channel();
+        let (tx1_2, rx1_2) = oneshot::channel();
+        let (tx1_3, rx1_3) = oneshot::channel();
+        let epoch2 = epoch1 + 1;
+        let (tx2_1, rx2_1) = oneshot::channel();
+        assert!(!manager
+            .start_write_chunk(epoch1, chunk_id1)
+            .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap());
+        assert!(!manager
+            .start_write_chunk(epoch1, chunk_id2)
+            .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_2))
+            .await
+            .unwrap());
+        assert!(!manager
+            .start_write_chunk(epoch1, chunk_id3)
+            .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_3))
+            .await
+            .unwrap());
+        manager.add_barrier(epoch1);
+        assert!(!manager
+            .start_write_chunk(epoch2, chunk_id1)
+            .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx2_1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 4);
+        {
+            let mut next_truncate_offset = pin!(manager.next_truncate_offset());
+            assert!(
+                poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(next_truncate_offset.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending()
+            );
+            tx1_2.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            assert!(
+                poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(next_truncate_offset.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending()
+            );
+            tx1_1.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            // The offset of chunk1 and chunk2 are compressed
+            assert_eq!(
+                next_truncate_offset.await.unwrap(),
+                TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch: epoch1,
+                    chunk_id: chunk_id2
+                }
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 2);
+        {
+            let mut next_truncate_offset = pin!(manager.next_truncate_offset());
+            assert!(
+                poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(next_truncate_offset.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending()
+            );
+            tx1_3.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            tx2_1.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            // Emit barrier though later chunk has finished.
+            assert_eq!(
+                next_truncate_offset.await.unwrap(),
+                TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch1 }
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            manager.next_truncate_offset().await.unwrap(),
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: epoch2,
+                chunk_id: chunk_id1
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_future_delivery_manager_await_future() {
+        let mut manager = DeliveryFutureManager::new(2);
+        let epoch = 233;
+        let chunk_id1 = 1;
+        let chunk_id2 = chunk_id1 + 1;
+        let (tx1_1, rx1_1) = oneshot::channel();
+        let (tx1_2, rx1_2) = oneshot::channel();
+        let (tx2_1, rx2_1) = oneshot::channel();
+        let (tx2_2, rx2_2) = oneshot::channel();
+
+        {
+            let mut write_chunk = manager.start_write_chunk(epoch, chunk_id1);
+            assert!(!write_chunk
+                .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_1))
+                .await
+                .unwrap());
+            assert!(!write_chunk
+                .add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx1_2))
+                .await
+                .unwrap());
+            assert_eq!(manager.future_count, 2);
+        }
+
+        {
+            let mut write_chunk = manager.start_write_chunk(epoch, chunk_id2);
+            {
+                let mut future1 = pin!(write_chunk.add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx2_1)));
+                assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future1.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending());
+                tx1_1.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+                assert!(future1.await.unwrap());
+            }
+            assert_eq!(2, write_chunk.future_count());
+            {
+                let mut future2 = pin!(write_chunk.add_future_may_await(to_test_future(rx2_2)));
+                assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future2.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending());
+                tx1_2.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+                assert!(future2.await.unwrap());
+            }
+            assert_eq!(2, write_chunk.future_count());
+            {
+                let mut future3 = pin!(write_chunk.await_one_delivery());
+                assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future3.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                    .await
+                    .is_pending());
+                tx2_1.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+                future3.await.unwrap();
+            }
+            assert_eq!(1, write_chunk.future_count());
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            manager.next_truncate_offset().await.unwrap(),
+            TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch,
+                chunk_id: chunk_id1
+            }
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(1, manager.future_count);
+
+        {
+            let mut future = pin!(manager.next_truncate_offset());
+            assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                .await
+                .is_pending());
+            tx2_2.send(Ok(())).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                future.await.unwrap(),
+                TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                    epoch,
+                    chunk_id: chunk_id2
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(0, manager.future_count);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
index 94f1312853593..37ad452831b2e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/writer.rs
@@ -104,52 +104,6 @@ pub trait FormattedSink {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct SinkWriterV1Adapter<W: SinkWriterV1> {
-    is_empty: bool,
-    epoch: u64,
-    inner: W,
-}
-
-impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(inner: W) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner,
-            is_empty: true,
-            epoch: u64::MIN,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl<W: SinkWriterV1> SinkWriter for SinkWriterV1Adapter<W> {
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        self.epoch = epoch;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_empty {
-            self.is_empty = false;
-            self.inner.begin_epoch(self.epoch).await?;
-        }
-        self.inner.write_batch(chunk).await
-    }
-
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        if is_checkpoint {
-            if !self.is_empty {
-                self.inner.commit().await?
-            }
-            self.is_empty = true;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn abort(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.inner.abort().await
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct LogSinkerOf<W: SinkWriter<CommitMetadata = ()>> {
     writer: W,
     sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,

From 2dcd8796937b43ec305af5139d7864c3bbde7978 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 16:41:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 244/430] chore(deps): Bump csv from 1.2.2 to 1.3.0 (#12647)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock               | 8 ++++----
 src/connector/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f18d4a3ba81e7..ec2df631095cd 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2175,9 +2175,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "csv"
-version = "1.2.2"
+version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "626ae34994d3d8d668f4269922248239db4ae42d538b14c398b74a52208e8086"
+checksum = "ac574ff4d437a7b5ad237ef331c17ccca63c46479e5b5453eb8e10bb99a759fe"
 dependencies = [
  "csv-core",
  "itoa",
@@ -2187,9 +2187,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "csv-core"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2b2466559f260f48ad25fe6317b3c8dac77b5bdb5763ac7d9d6103530663bc90"
+checksum = "5efa2b3d7902f4b634a20cae3c9c4e6209dc4779feb6863329607560143efa70"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 9c5d4804fec60..ad50cff866b2b 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
 clickhouse = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/clickhouse.rs", rev = "622501c1c98c80baaf578c716d6903dde947804e", features = [
     "time",
 ] }
-csv = "1.2"
+csv = "1.3"
 duration-str = "0.7.0"
 easy-ext = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"

From 4fe8294a60b841bae2d0f75afb97eb6fd1064d13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 18:00:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 245/430] fix(stream): yield upstream updates for backfill
 after last barrier in the interval (#12654)

---
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 36 +++----------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index c69992fb679e1..7fc4cfa27e553 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -333,30 +333,12 @@ where
                                             break;
                                         } else {
                                             // Process barrier:
-                                            // - consume upstream buffer chunk
                                             // - switch snapshot
-
-                                            // Consume upstream buffer chunk
-                                            // If no current_pos, means we did not process any snapshot
-                                            // yet. In that case
-                                            // we can just ignore the upstream buffer chunk, but still need to clean it.
-                                            if let Some(current_pos) = &current_pos {
-                                                for chunk in upstream_chunk_buffer.drain(..) {
-                                                    cur_barrier_upstream_processed_rows +=
-                                                        chunk.cardinality() as u64;
-                                                    yield Message::Chunk(mapping_chunk(
-                                                        mark_chunk(
-                                                            chunk,
-                                                            current_pos,
-                                                            &pk_in_output_indices,
-                                                            pk_order,
-                                                        ),
-                                                        &self.output_indices,
-                                                    ));
-                                                }
-                                            } else {
-                                                upstream_chunk_buffer.clear()
-                                            }
+                                            // Upstream updates should only be read after the
+                                            // Nth barrier.
+                                            // Otherwise they would get filtered out,
+                                            // if they are larger than current pos,
+                                            // and we  will lose them.
 
                                             self.metrics
                                                 .backfill_snapshot_read_row_count
@@ -366,14 +348,6 @@ where
                                                 ])
                                                 .inc_by(cur_barrier_snapshot_processed_rows);
 
-                                            self.metrics
-                                                .backfill_upstream_output_row_count
-                                                .with_label_values(&[
-                                                    upstream_table_id.to_string().as_str(),
-                                                    self.actor_id.to_string().as_str(),
-                                                ])
-                                                .inc_by(cur_barrier_upstream_processed_rows);
-
                                             // Update snapshot read epoch.
                                             snapshot_read_epoch = barrier.epoch.prev;
 

From b0fc8ca7cf22b1d255229e0c58ceec6048ab383b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 20:18:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 246/430] chore(deps): Bump simd-json from 0.10.6 to 0.11.1 &
 fix error message (#12550)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   5 +-
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   2 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs   | 106 ++++++------------
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               |   2 +
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs      |  51 +++++----
 5 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ec2df631095cd..154167e15528d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8949,10 +8949,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "simd-json"
-version = "0.10.6"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de7f1293f0e4e11d52e588766fe9de8caa2857ff63809d40de83245452ca7c5c"
+checksum = "474b451aaac1828ed12f6454a80fe58b940ae2998d10389d41533940a6f641bf"
 dependencies = [
+ "getrandom",
  "halfbrown",
  "lexical-core",
  "serde",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index ad50cff866b2b..5f5d9d8ccc665 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive", "rc"] }
 serde_derive = "1"
 serde_json = "1"
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
-simd-json = "0.10.6"
+simd-json = "0.11.1"
 strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 tempfile = "3"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
index 0bfd69a7bb6fe..40befaf0f60e7 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -460,78 +460,42 @@ mod tests {
             let mut parser = build_parser(columns.clone(), Default::default()).await;
 
             let mut builder = SourceStreamChunkBuilder::with_capacity(columns, 2);
-            // i64 overflow
-            let data0 = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_KEY":9223372036854775808,"O_BOOL":1,"O_TINY":33,"O_INT":444,"O_REAL":555.0,"O_DOUBLE":666.0},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data0.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected fail");
-            }
-            // bool incorrect value
-            let data1 = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_KEY":111,"O_BOOL":2,"O_TINY":33,"O_INT":444,"O_REAL":555.0,"O_DOUBLE":666.0},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data1.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected failed");
-            }
-            // i16 overflow
-            let data2 = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_KEY":111,"O_BOOL":1,"O_TINY":32768,"O_INT":444,"O_REAL":555.0,"O_DOUBLE":666.0},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data2.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected to fail");
-            }
-            // i32 overflow
-            let data3 = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_KEY":111,"O_BOOL":1,"O_TINY":33,"O_INT":2147483648,"O_REAL":555.0,"O_DOUBLE":666.0},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data3.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected to fail");
-            }
-            // float32 overflow
-            let data4 = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_KEY":111,"O_BOOL":1,"O_TINY":33,"O_INT":444,"O_REAL":3.80282347E38,"O_DOUBLE":666.0},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data4.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected to fail");
-            }
-            // float64 will cause debezium simd_json_parser to panic, therefore included in the next
-            // test case below
-        }
 
-        #[tokio::test]
-        #[should_panic]
-        async fn test2_debezium_json_parser_overflow_f64() {
-            let columns = vec![SourceColumnDesc::simple(
-                "O_DOUBLE",
-                DataType::Float64,
-                ColumnId::from(0),
-            )];
-            let mut parser = build_parser(columns.clone(), Default::default()).await;
-            let mut builder = SourceStreamChunkBuilder::with_capacity(columns, 2);
-            let data = br#"{"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"O_DOUBLE":1.797695E308},"source":{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678174483000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":563,"row":0,"thread":3,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678174483866,"transaction":null}}"#;
-            if let Err(e) = parser
-                .parse_inner(None, Some(data.to_vec()), builder.row_writer())
-                .await
-            {
-                println!("{:?}", e.to_string());
-            } else {
-                panic!("the test case is expected to fail");
+            let normal_values = ["111", "1", "33", "444", "555.0", "666.0"];
+            let overflow_values = [
+                "9223372036854775808",
+                "2",
+                "32768",
+                "2147483648",
+                "3.80282347E38",
+                "1.797695E308",
+            ];
+
+            for i in 0..6 {
+                let mut values = normal_values;
+                values[i] = overflow_values[i];
+                let data = format!(
+                    r#"{{"payload":{{"before":null,"after":{{"O_KEY":{},"O_BOOL":{},"O_TINY":{},"O_INT":{},"O_REAL":{},"O_DOUBLE":{}}},"source":{{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null}},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}}}"#,
+                    values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3], values[4], values[5]
+                ).as_bytes().to_vec();
+                let e = parser
+                    .parse_inner(None, Some(data), builder.row_writer())
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap_err();
+                println!("{}", e);
+                if i < 5 {
+                    // For other overflow, the parsing succeeds but the type conversion fails
+                    assert!(
+                        e.to_string().contains("AccessError: TypeError"),
+                        "i={i}, actual error: {e}"
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    // For f64 overflow, the parsing fails
+                    assert!(
+                        e.to_string().contains("InvalidNumber"),
+                        "i={i}, actual error: {e}"
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 8c7914fe16354..29a1ecd63c655 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -356,12 +356,14 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
 }
 
 /// Transaction control message. Currently only used by Debezium messages.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum TransactionControl {
     Begin { id: Box<str> },
     Commit { id: Box<str> },
 }
 
 /// The result of parsing a message.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum ParseResult {
     /// Some rows are parsed and written to the [`SourceStreamChunkRowWriter`].
     Rows,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
index 433b7e5f74306..79590749351d2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/json.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{
     DataType, Date, Decimal, Int256, Interval, JsonbVal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz,
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, TryTypeError, ValueAccess, ValueType};
+use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, ValueAccess, ValueType};
 
 use super::{Access, AccessError, AccessResult};
 use crate::parser::common::json_object_get_case_insensitive;
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             got: value.value_type().to_string(),
             value: value.to_string(),
         };
+
         let v: ScalarImpl = match (type_expected, value.value_type()) {
             (_, ValueType::Null) => return Ok(None),
             // ---- Boolean -----
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             (
                 Some(DataType::Int16),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
-            ) => value.try_as_i16()?.into(),
+            ) => value.try_as_i16().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into(),
 
             (Some(DataType::Int16), ValueType::String)
                 if matches!(
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             (
                 Some(DataType::Int32),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
-            ) => value.try_as_i32()?.into(),
+            ) => value.try_as_i32().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into(),
 
             (Some(DataType::Int32), ValueType::String)
                 if matches!(
@@ -244,11 +245,13 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                     .into()
             }
             // ---- Int64 -----
-            (None, ValueType::I64 | ValueType::U64) => value.try_as_i64()?.into(),
+            (None, ValueType::I64 | ValueType::U64) => {
+                value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into()
+            }
             (
                 Some(DataType::Int64),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
-            ) => value.try_as_i64()?.into(),
+            ) => value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into(),
 
             (Some(DataType::Int64), ValueType::String)
                 if matches!(
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                 Some(DataType::Float32),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
             ) if matches!(self.numeric_handling, NumericHandling::Relax { .. }) => {
-                (value.try_as_i64()? as f32).into()
+                (value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())? as f32).into()
             }
             (Some(DataType::Float32), ValueType::String)
                 if matches!(
@@ -287,13 +290,15 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                     .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                     .into()
             }
-            (Some(DataType::Float32), ValueType::F64) => value.try_as_f32()?.into(),
+            (Some(DataType::Float32), ValueType::F64) => {
+                value.try_as_f32().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into()
+            }
             // ---- Float64 -----
             (
                 Some(DataType::Float64),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
             ) if matches!(self.numeric_handling, NumericHandling::Relax { .. }) => {
-                (value.try_as_i64()? as f64).into()
+                (value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())? as f64).into()
             }
             (Some(DataType::Float64), ValueType::String)
                 if matches!(
@@ -310,20 +315,24 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
                     .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                     .into()
             }
-            (Some(DataType::Float64) | None, ValueType::F64) => value.try_as_f64()?.into(),
+            (Some(DataType::Float64) | None, ValueType::F64) => {
+                value.try_as_f64().map_err(|_| create_error())?.into()
+            }
             // ---- Decimal -----
             (Some(DataType::Decimal) | None, ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U128) => {
-                Decimal::from_str(&value.try_as_i128()?.to_string())
+                Decimal::from_str(&value.try_as_i128().map_err(|_| create_error())?.to_string())
                     .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                     .into()
             }
             (Some(DataType::Decimal), ValueType::I64 | ValueType::U64) => {
-                Decimal::from(value.try_as_i64()?).into()
+                Decimal::from(value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())?).into()
             }
 
-            (Some(DataType::Decimal), ValueType::F64) => Decimal::try_from(value.try_as_f64()?)
-                .map_err(|_| create_error())?
-                .into(),
+            (Some(DataType::Decimal), ValueType::F64) => {
+                Decimal::try_from(value.try_as_f64().map_err(|_| create_error())?)
+                    .map_err(|_| create_error())?
+                    .into()
+            }
 
             (Some(DataType::Decimal), ValueType::String) => ScalarImpl::Decimal(
                 Decimal::from_str(value.as_str().unwrap()).map_err(|_err| create_error())?,
@@ -353,7 +362,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             (
                 Some(DataType::Date),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
-            ) => Date::with_days_since_unix_epoch(value.try_as_i32()?)
+            ) => Date::with_days_since_unix_epoch(value.try_as_i32().map_err(|_| create_error())?)
                 .map_err(|_| create_error())?
                 .into(),
             (Some(DataType::Date), ValueType::String) => value
@@ -526,7 +535,7 @@ impl JsonParseOptions {
             (
                 Some(DataType::Int256),
                 ValueType::I64 | ValueType::I128 | ValueType::U64 | ValueType::U128,
-            ) => Int256::from(value.try_as_i64()?).into(),
+            ) => Int256::from(value.try_as_i64().map_err(|_| create_error())?).into(),
 
             (Some(DataType::Int256), ValueType::String) => {
                 Int256::from_str(value.as_str().unwrap())
@@ -579,13 +588,3 @@ where
         self.options.parse(value, type_expected)
     }
 }
-
-impl From<TryTypeError> for AccessError {
-    fn from(value: TryTypeError) -> Self {
-        AccessError::TypeError {
-            expected: value.expected.to_string(),
-            got: value.expected.to_string(),
-            value: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}

From d57f1c02a9716c4b1f20bcb1c6918c1d0b46fd5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 05:49:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 247/430] fix(sqlsmith): recover functions for sqlsmith
 (#12660)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs | 2 --
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/lib.rs      | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
index 2f44031d06ab9..8e71500ec6a7f 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/bin/main.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ use risingwave_sqlsmith::print_function_table;
 use risingwave_sqlsmith::runner::{generate, run, run_differential_testing};
 use tokio_postgres::NoTls;
 
-risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
-
 #[derive(ClapParser, Debug, Clone)]
 #[clap(about, version, author)]
 struct Opt {
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/lib.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/lib.rs
index 2f7e1ce5eb14b..ebb0682a7aaaf 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
 
+risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
+
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};

From eb87ce2d91c09fd7f608360f7f724e80cab42afd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 11:25:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 248/430] test(regress): enable regex testcases (#12661)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 src/tests/regress/data/schedule      |  1 +
 src/tests/regress/data/sql/regex.sql | 62 ++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tests/regress/data/schedule b/src/tests/regress/data/schedule
index b735b1b6f332e..90fd97b9ffec0 100644
--- a/src/tests/regress/data/schedule
+++ b/src/tests/regress/data/schedule
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ test: boolean varchar text int2 int4 int8 float4 float8 comments
 test: strings date time timestamp interval
 test: case arrays
 test: jsonb
+test: regex
diff --git a/src/tests/regress/data/sql/regex.sql b/src/tests/regress/data/sql/regex.sql
index b03a8d9ac220b..280748746f407 100644
--- a/src/tests/regress/data/sql/regex.sql
+++ b/src/tests/regress/data/sql/regex.sql
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ select 'abc abd abc' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
 select 'abc abc abd' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
 
 -- Test some cases that crashed in 9.2beta1 due to pmatch[] array overrun
-select substring('asd TO foo' from ' TO (([a-z0-9._]+|"([^"]+|"")+")+)');
-select substring('a' from '((a))+');
-select substring('a' from '((a)+)');
+--@ select substring('asd TO foo' from ' TO (([a-z0-9._]+|"([^"]+|"")+")+)');
+--@ select substring('a' from '((a))+');
+--@ select substring('a' from '((a)+)');
 
 -- Test regexp_match()
 select regexp_match('abc', '');
 select regexp_match('abc', 'bc');
 select regexp_match('abc', 'd') is null;
 select regexp_match('abc', '(B)(c)', 'i');
-select regexp_match('abc', 'Bd', 'ig'); -- error
+--@ select regexp_match('abc', 'Bd', 'ig'); -- error
 
 -- Test lookahead constraints
 select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?=b)b*');
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ select regexp_matches('abb', '(?<=a)b*');
 select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<=a)b*');
 select regexp_matches('abc', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
 select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
-select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b*');
+--@ select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b*');
 select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
 select regexp_matches('b', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
 select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<!a)b*');
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ select 'xyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
 select 'zyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
 
 -- Test conversion of regex patterns to indexable conditions
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ 'abc';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc$';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd*e';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc+d';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)(def)';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)$';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)?d';
-explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd(x|(?=\w\w)q)';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ 'abc';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc$';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd*e';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc+d';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)(def)';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)$';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)?d';
+--@ explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd(x|(?=\w\w)q)';
 
 -- Test for infinite loop in pullback() (CVE-2007-4772)
 select 'a' ~ '($|^)*';
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ select 'a' ~ '((((((a)*)*)*)*)*)*';
 select 'a' ~ '((((((a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)';
 
 -- These cases used to give too-many-states failures
-select 'x' ~ 'abcd(\m)+xyz';
-select 'a' ~ '^abcd*(((((^(a c(e?d)a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|a)+|)';
-select 'x' ~ 'a^(^)bcd*xy(((((($a+|)+|)+|)+$|)+|)+|)^$';
-select 'x' ~ 'xyz(\Y\Y)+';
-select 'x' ~ 'x|(?:\M)+';
+--@ select 'x' ~ 'abcd(\m)+xyz';
+--@ select 'a' ~ '^abcd*(((((^(a c(e?d)a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|a)+|)';
+--@ select 'x' ~ 'a^(^)bcd*xy(((((($a+|)+|)+|)+$|)+|)+|)^$';
+--@ select 'x' ~ 'xyz(\Y\Y)+';
+--@ select 'x' ~ 'x|(?:\M)+';
 
 -- This generates O(N) states but O(N^2) arcs, so it causes problems
 -- if arc count is not constrained
-select 'x' ~ repeat('x*y*z*', 1000);
+--@ select 'x' ~ repeat('x*y*z*', 1000);
 
 -- Test backref in combination with non-greedy quantifier
 -- https://core.tcl.tk/tcl/tktview/6585b21ca8fa6f3678d442b97241fdd43dba2ec0
@@ -121,29 +121,29 @@ select regexp_matches('foo/bar/baz',
 -- Test that greediness can be overridden by outer quantifier
 select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*)(.*)(f*)$');
 select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
-select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
-select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+--@ select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
+--@ select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
 select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?)(.*)(f*)$');
-select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
+--@ select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
 select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
-select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+--@ select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
 
 -- Test for infinite loop in cfindloop with zero-length possible match
 -- but no actual match (can only happen in the presence of backrefs)
-select 'a' ~ '$()|^\1';
+--@ select 'a' ~ '$()|^\1';
 select 'a' ~ '.. ()|\1';
-select 'a' ~ '()*\1';
-select 'a' ~ '()+\1';
+--@ select 'a' ~ '()*\1';
+--@ select 'a' ~ '()+\1';
 
 -- Add coverage for some cases in checkmatchall
 select regexp_match('xy', '.|...');
-select regexp_match('xyz', '.|...');
+--@ select regexp_match('xyz', '.|...');
 select regexp_match('xy', '.*');
 select regexp_match('fooba', '(?:..)*');
 select regexp_match('xyz', repeat('.', 260));
 select regexp_match('foo', '(?:.|){99}');
 
 -- Error conditions
-select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=\1)';  -- no backrefs in LACONs
-select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=(\1))';
-select 'a' ~ '\x7fffffff';  -- invalid chr code
+--@ select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=\1)';  -- no backrefs in LACONs
+--@ select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=(\1))';
+--@ select 'a' ~ '\x7fffffff';  -- invalid chr code

From 00012321bb3b5810bae08b36419f1250092a640c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 03:32:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 249/430] chore(deps): Bump arrow-*, tonic, prost (#12591)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Co-authored-by: wangrunji0408 <wangrunji0408@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 .github/dependabot.yml                        |   4 +
 Cargo.lock                                    | 279 ++++++++++++------
 Cargo.toml                                    |  19 +-
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |   2 +-
 src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs          |  14 +-
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |  19 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |   3 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |   2 +-
 .../src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs |   2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs     |  22 +-
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs         |   2 +-
 .../system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs |   6 +-
 .../src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs        |   2 +-
 src/java_binding/Cargo.toml                   |   2 +-
 src/jni_core/Cargo.toml                       |   2 +-
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |  19 +-
 src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |   2 +-
 .../src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs   |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs      |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs     |   6 +-
 src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs   |   2 +-
 src/prost/Cargo.toml                          |   2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |   2 +-
 src/storage/backup/Cargo.toml                 |   2 +-
 src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml          |   2 +-
 src/stream/Cargo.toml                         |   2 +-
 src/udf/src/error.rs                          |   2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |  12 +-
 30 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 5ba6be84f4329..b2d58279b5290 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -19,3 +19,7 @@ updates:
     aws:
       patterns:
         - "aws*"
+    tonic:
+      patterns:
+        - "tonic*"
+        - "prost*"
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 154167e15528d..47e85c6a612b5 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ checksum = "96d30a06541fbafbc7f82ed10c06164cfbd2c401138f6addd8404629c4b16711"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-arith"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "895263144bd4a69751cbe6a34a53f26626e19770b313a9fa792c415cd0e78f11"
+checksum = "bc1d4e368e87ad9ee64f28b9577a3834ce10fe2703a26b28417d485bbbdff956"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-array"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "226fdc6c3a4ae154a74c24091d36a90b514f0ed7112f5b8322c1d8f354d8e20d"
+checksum = "d02efa7253ede102d45a4e802a129e83bcc3f49884cab795b1ac223918e4318d"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-buffer"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc4843af4dd679c2f35b69c572874da8fde33be53eb549a5fb128e7a4b763510"
+checksum = "fda119225204141138cb0541c692fbfef0e875ba01bfdeaed09e9d354f9d6195"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "half 2.3.1",
@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-cast"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "35e8b9990733a9b635f656efda3c9b8308c7a19695c9ec2c7046dd154f9b144b"
+checksum = "1d825d51b9968868d50bc5af92388754056796dbc62a4e25307d588a1fc84dee"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-data"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da900f31ff01a0a84da0572209be72b2b6f980f3ea58803635de47913191c188"
+checksum = "475a4c3699c8b4095ca61cecf15da6f67841847a5f5aac983ccb9a377d02f73a"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-buffer",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -314,9 +314,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-flight"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e40372d37a860a742f248d4d7c137950cd793f1b46f2b99a5116c55efbe2699f"
+checksum = "cd938ea4a0e8d0db2b9f47ebba792f73f6188f4289707caeaf93a3be705e5ed5"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -327,16 +327,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures",
  "paste",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "tokio",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-ipc"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2707a8d7ee2d345d045283ece3ae43416175873483e5d96319c929da542a0b1f"
+checksum = "1248005c8ac549f869b7a840859d942bf62471479c1a2d82659d453eebcd166a"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-ord"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "584325c91293abbca7aaaabf8da9fe303245d641f5f4a18a6058dc68009c7ebf"
+checksum = "03b87aa408ea6a6300e49eb2eba0c032c88ed9dc19e0a9948489c55efdca71f4"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -363,9 +363,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-row"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e32afc1329f7b372463b21c6ca502b07cf237e1ed420d87706c1770bb0ebd38"
+checksum = "114a348ab581e7c9b6908fcab23cb39ff9f060eb19e72b13f8fb8eaa37f65d22"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -378,16 +378,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-schema"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b104f5daa730f00fde22adc03a12aa5a2ae9ccbbf99cbd53d284119ddc90e03d"
+checksum = "5d1d179c117b158853e0101bfbed5615e86fe97ee356b4af901f1c5001e1ce4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-select"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73b3ca55356d1eae07cf48808d8c462cea674393ae6ad1e0b120f40b422eb2b4"
+checksum = "d5c71e003202e67e9db139e5278c79f5520bb79922261dfe140e4637ee8b6108"
 dependencies = [
+ "ahash 0.8.3",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
  "arrow-data",
@@ -1858,9 +1859,9 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2895653b4d9f1538a83970077cb01dfc77a4810524e51a110944688e916b18e"
 dependencies = [
- "prost",
- "prost-types",
- "tonic",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
@@ -1876,13 +1877,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "hdrhistogram",
  "humantime",
- "prost-types",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thread_local",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -2787,11 +2788,11 @@ version = "0.11.1"
 source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git?rev=d55550a#d55550a182f2119e39e64858771468e1b26f6777"
 dependencies = [
  "http",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tonic",
- "tonic-build",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
+ "tonic-build 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tower-service",
 ]
@@ -3450,7 +3451,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-retry",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -3461,9 +3462,9 @@ version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5453af21ac0cc1f3b2cfb5b687c174e701c10ec2d5c286aff7ca8cbbf08d31b4"
 dependencies = [
- "prost",
- "prost-types",
- "tonic",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3489,7 +3490,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "google-cloud-gax",
  "google-cloud-googleapis",
  "google-cloud-token",
- "prost-types",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -4524,7 +4525,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "toml 0.7.8",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -4576,30 +4577,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-tonic"
-version = "0.3.1+0.9.2"
+version = "0.4.0+0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "66177cce816367f8358a4dc482eabff8f979cf8a1d3288d3aa8dd822fb327c69"
+checksum = "3b4d847e67d6f8319d7c5393121556e2a987f5b744967a0f9b84e502020239d3"
 dependencies = [
  "async-stream",
  "chrono",
  "futures-util",
  "madsim",
- "tonic",
+ "tokio",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
+ "tower",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-tonic-build"
-version = "0.3.1+0.9.2"
+version = "0.4.1+0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "55f6b2947243e5ae6a37c7992da07cf3ed60ebeb6a3d2c1e95574a2a2697b0c0"
+checksum = "c3434b3d59001abcce56b9170fbd7982377858d8b931e8472056bf0c894ab257"
 dependencies = [
- "prettyplease",
+ "prettyplease 0.2.15",
  "proc-macro2",
- "prost-build",
+ "prost-build 0.12.1",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
- "tonic-build",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+ "tonic-build 0.10.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5405,10 +5408,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "opentelemetry-semantic-conventions",
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5419,8 +5422,8 @@ checksum = "b1e3f814aa9f8c905d0ee4bde026afd3b2577a97c10e1699912e3e44f0c4cbeb"
 dependencies = [
  "opentelemetry_api",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost",
- "tonic",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5616,9 +5619,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parquet"
-version = "46.0.0"
+version = "47.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ad2cba786ae07da4d73371a88b9e0f9d3ffac1a9badc83922e0e15814f5c5fa"
+checksum = "0463cc3b256d5f50408c49a4be3a16674f4c8ceef60941709620a062b1f6bf4d"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5724,8 +5727,8 @@ checksum = "bdbb7b706f2afc610f3853550cdbbf6372fd324824a087806bd4480ea4996e24"
 dependencies = [
  "heck 0.4.1",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
- "prost",
- "prost-types",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6122,6 +6125,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae005bd773ab59b4725093fd7df83fd7892f7d8eafb48dbd7de6e024e4215f9d"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "priority-queue"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -6253,7 +6266,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b82eaa1d779e9a4bc1c3217db8ffbeabaae1dca241bf70183242128d48681cd"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
- "prost-derive",
+ "prost-derive 0.11.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f4fdd22f3b9c31b53c060df4a0613a1c7f062d4115a2b984dd15b1858f7e340d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "prost-derive 0.12.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6269,15 +6292,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "multimap 0.8.3",
  "petgraph",
- "prettyplease",
- "prost",
- "prost-types",
+ "prettyplease 0.1.25",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost-types 0.11.9",
  "regex",
  "syn 1.0.109",
  "tempfile",
  "which",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-build"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8bdf592881d821b83d471f8af290226c8d51402259e9bb5be7f9f8bdebbb11ac"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "heck 0.4.1",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "log",
+ "multimap 0.8.3",
+ "once_cell",
+ "petgraph",
+ "prettyplease 0.2.15",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
+ "regex",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+ "tempfile",
+ "which",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
 version = "0.11.9"
@@ -6291,6 +6336,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-derive"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "265baba7fabd416cf5078179f7d2cbeca4ce7a9041111900675ea7c4cb8a4c32"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-helpers"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -6303,13 +6361,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-reflect"
-version = "0.11.5"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b823de344848e011658ac981009100818b322421676740546f8b52ed5249428"
+checksum = "057237efdb71cf4b3f9396302a3d6599a92fa94063ba537b66130980ea9909f3"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "prost",
- "prost-types",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6318,7 +6376,16 @@ version = "0.11.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "213622a1460818959ac1181aaeb2dc9c7f63df720db7d788b3e24eacd1983e13"
 dependencies = [
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-types"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e081b29f63d83a4bc75cfc9f3fe424f9156cf92d8a4f0c9407cce9a1b67327cf"
+dependencies = [
+ "prost 0.12.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6402,9 +6469,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "oauth2",
  "openidconnect",
  "pem 1.1.1",
- "prost",
- "prost-build",
- "prost-derive",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost-build 0.11.9",
+ "prost-derive 0.11.9",
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "serde",
@@ -6800,7 +6867,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_object_store",
@@ -7000,7 +7067,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pretty_assertions",
  "procfs 0.15.1",
  "prometheus",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "reqwest",
@@ -7211,10 +7278,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
  "prometheus",
- "prost",
- "prost-build",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "prost-build 0.12.1",
  "prost-reflect",
- "prost-types",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
  "protobuf-native",
  "pulsar",
  "rand",
@@ -7237,6 +7304,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-util",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tracing",
  "url",
  "urlencoding",
@@ -7498,7 +7566,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tokio",
  "mockall",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_pb",
@@ -7511,7 +7579,7 @@ name = "risingwave_java_binding"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "jni",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr",
  "risingwave_jni_core",
@@ -7531,7 +7599,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jni",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "paste",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_expr",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
@@ -7581,7 +7649,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parse-display",
  "prometheus",
  "prometheus-http-query",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "reqwest",
@@ -7606,6 +7674,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-stream",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tower-http",
  "tracing",
@@ -7652,7 +7721,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tonic-build",
  "pbjson",
  "pbjson-build",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "prost-helpers",
  "serde",
  "strum 0.25.0",
@@ -7934,7 +8003,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "procfs 0.15.1",
  "prometheus",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "rand",
  "risingwave_backup",
  "risingwave_common",
@@ -7997,7 +8066,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parse-display",
  "pin-project",
  "prometheus",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "rand",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_connector",
@@ -9987,7 +10056,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper-timeout",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
  "rustls-pemfile",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls 0.24.1",
@@ -9999,19 +10068,59 @@ dependencies = [
  "webpki-roots 0.23.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tonic"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d560933a0de61cf715926b9cac824d4c883c2c43142f787595e48280c40a1d0e"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-stream",
+ "async-trait",
+ "axum",
+ "base64 0.21.4",
+ "bytes",
+ "h2",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "hyper",
+ "hyper-timeout",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
 version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a6fdaae4c2c638bb70fe42803a26fbd6fc6ac8c72f5c59f67ecc2a2dcabf4b07"
 dependencies = [
- "prettyplease",
+ "prettyplease 0.1.25",
  "proc-macro2",
- "prost-build",
+ "prost-build 0.11.9",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tonic-build"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d021fc044c18582b9a2408cd0dd05b1596e3ecdb5c4df822bb0183545683889"
+dependencies = [
+ "prettyplease 0.2.15",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "prost-build 0.12.1",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tower"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -10860,7 +10969,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "postgres-types",
  "proc-macro2",
  "prometheus",
- "prost",
+ "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core",
@@ -10900,7 +11011,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-util",
  "toml_datetime",
  "toml_edit",
- "tonic",
+ "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index ad9af4d029f06..43316c1288f09 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -105,16 +105,17 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
   "nightly",
 ] }
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
-tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.3.1" }
-tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.3.1" }
+tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.4.0" }
+tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.4.0" }
+prost = { version = "0.12" }
 icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2" }
-arrow-array = "46"
-arrow-cast = "46"
-arrow-schema = "46"
-arrow-buffer = "46"
-arrow-flight = "46"
-arrow-select = "46"
-arrow-ord = "46"
+arrow-array = "47"
+arrow-cast = "47"
+arrow-schema = "47"
+arrow-buffer = "47"
+arrow-flight = "47"
+arrow-select = "47"
+arrow-ord = "47"
 tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", rev = "64a2d9" }
 tikv-jemallocator = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/jemallocator.git", features = [
   "profiling",
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 707e14f9178b0..233945f94eeec 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ postgres-types = { version = "0.2.6", features = [
 ] }
 prehash = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
 regex = "1"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
index 897bc95ec9992..b1d299caaf6e4 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/stream_chunk.rs
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ impl Op {
     }
 
     pub fn from_protobuf(prost: &i32) -> ArrayResult<Op> {
-        let op = match PbOp::from_i32(*prost) {
-            Some(PbOp::Insert) => Op::Insert,
-            Some(PbOp::Delete) => Op::Delete,
-            Some(PbOp::UpdateInsert) => Op::UpdateInsert,
-            Some(PbOp::UpdateDelete) => Op::UpdateDelete,
-            Some(PbOp::Unspecified) => unreachable!(),
-            None => bail!("No such op type"),
+        let op = match PbOp::try_from(*prost) {
+            Ok(PbOp::Insert) => Op::Insert,
+            Ok(PbOp::Delete) => Op::Delete,
+            Ok(PbOp::UpdateInsert) => Op::UpdateInsert,
+            Ok(PbOp::UpdateDelete) => Op::UpdateDelete,
+            Ok(PbOp::Unspecified) => unreachable!(),
+            Err(_) => bail!("No such op type"),
         };
         Ok(op)
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 5f5d9d8ccc665..b322d1b6eb4b6 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -53,10 +53,16 @@ futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 glob = "0.3"
 google-cloud-pubsub = "0.20"
 http = "0.2"
-hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["client", "tcp", "http1", "http2", "stream"] }
+hyper = { version = "0.14", features = [
+    "client",
+    "tcp",
+    "http1",
+    "http2",
+    "stream",
+] }
 hyper-tls = "0.5"
 icelake = { workspace = true }
-indexmap ={ version = "1.9.3", features = ["serde"] }
+indexmap = { version = "1.9.3", features = ["serde"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
 jsonschema-transpiler = { git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
@@ -75,8 +81,8 @@ opendal = "0.39"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 paste = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
-prost = { version = "0.11", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
-prost-reflect = "0.11"
+prost = { version = "0.12", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-reflect = "0.12"
 protobuf-native = "0.2.1"
 pulsar = { version = "6.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "tokio-runtime",
@@ -121,6 +127,7 @@ tokio-retry = "0.3"
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 tonic = { workspace = true }
+tonic_0_9 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9" }
 tracing = "0.1"
 url = "2"
 urlencoding = "2"
@@ -130,12 +137,12 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
-prost-types = "0.11"
+prost-types = "0.12"
 rand = "0.8"
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-prost-build = "0.11"
+prost-build = "0.12"
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "parser"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 29a1ecd63c655..7446f76a600b8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ impl SpecificParserConfig {
                         Some(info.proto_message_name.clone())
                     },
                     key_record_name: info.key_message_name.clone(),
-                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::from_i32(info.name_strategy)
+                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::try_from(info.name_strategy)
                         .unwrap(),
                     use_schema_registry: info.use_schema_registry,
                     row_schema_location: info.row_schema_location.clone(),
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ impl SpecificParserConfig {
                     message_name: info.proto_message_name.clone(),
                     use_schema_registry: info.use_schema_registry,
                     row_schema_location: info.row_schema_location.clone(),
-                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::from_i32(info.name_strategy)
+                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::try_from(info.name_strategy)
                         .unwrap(),
                     key_message_name: info.key_message_name.clone(),
                     ..Default::default()
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ impl SpecificParserConfig {
                     } else {
                         Some(info.proto_message_name.clone())
                     },
-                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::from_i32(info.name_strategy)
+                    name_strategy: PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::try_from(info.name_strategy)
                         .unwrap(),
                     key_record_name: info.key_message_name.clone(),
                     row_schema_location: info.row_schema_location.clone(),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 04644ef7b6d88..5bab8b5afc628 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::future::{select, Either};
-use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
+use futures::{Future, FutureExt, TryFuture};
 use rdkafka::error::KafkaError;
 use rdkafka::message::ToBytes;
 use rdkafka::producer::{DeliveryFuture, FutureProducer, FutureRecord};
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::drop_either_future;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
-use tonic::codegen::futures_core::TryFuture;
 
 use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam};
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 1b5a1133f1a9b..31b276994da4a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl SinkParam {
                 .map(|i| *i as usize)
                 .collect(),
             sink_type: SinkType::from_proto(
-                PbSinkType::from_i32(pb_param.sink_type).expect("should be able to convert"),
+                PbSinkType::try_from(pb_param.sink_type).expect("should be able to convert"),
             ),
             format_desc,
             db_name: pb_param.db_name,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
index 18aeeecc050e4..dfe95eeb1b808 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/google_pubsub/source/reader.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use google_cloud_pubsub::client::Client;
 use google_cloud_pubsub::subscription::{SeekTo, Subscription};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
-use tonic::Code;
+use tonic_0_9::Code;
 
 use super::TaggedReceivedMessage;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
index 4c705dd9b19c6..e2790645a6917 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/kind.rs
@@ -42,18 +42,18 @@ impl WindowFuncKind {
         use risingwave_pb::expr::window_function::{PbGeneralType, PbType};
 
         let kind = match window_function_type {
-            PbType::General(typ) => match PbGeneralType::from_i32(*typ) {
-                Some(PbGeneralType::Unspecified) => bail!("Unspecified window function type"),
-                Some(PbGeneralType::RowNumber) => Self::RowNumber,
-                Some(PbGeneralType::Rank) => Self::Rank,
-                Some(PbGeneralType::DenseRank) => Self::DenseRank,
-                Some(PbGeneralType::Lag) => Self::Lag,
-                Some(PbGeneralType::Lead) => Self::Lead,
-                None => bail!("no such window function type"),
+            PbType::General(typ) => match PbGeneralType::try_from(*typ) {
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::Unspecified) => bail!("Unspecified window function type"),
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::RowNumber) => Self::RowNumber,
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::Rank) => Self::Rank,
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::DenseRank) => Self::DenseRank,
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::Lag) => Self::Lag,
+                Ok(PbGeneralType::Lead) => Self::Lead,
+                Err(_) => bail!("no such window function type"),
             },
-            PbType::Aggregate(agg_type) => match PbAggType::from_i32(*agg_type) {
-                Some(agg_type) => Self::Aggregate(AggKind::from_protobuf(agg_type)?),
-                None => bail!("no such aggregate function type"),
+            PbType::Aggregate(agg_type) => match PbAggType::try_from(*agg_type) {
+                Ok(agg_type) => Self::Aggregate(AggKind::from_protobuf(agg_type)?),
+                Err(_) => bail!("no such aggregate function type"),
             },
         };
         Ok(kind)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
index cf5752d3f0bdd..4cd271f0495b9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/mod.rs
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ fn get_acl_items(
                 .unwrap()
                 .iter()
                 .for_each(|(action, option)| {
-                    let str = match Action::from_i32(*action).unwrap() {
+                    let str = match Action::try_from(*action).unwrap() {
                         Action::Select => "r",
                         Action::Insert => "a",
                         Action::Update => "w",
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
index c114a076a4dbb..1f31948139135 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
         for i in 0..32 {
             let bit = 1 << i;
             if mask & bit != 0 {
-                match FragmentTypeFlag::from_i32(bit as i32) {
-                    None => continue,
-                    Some(flag) => result.push(flag),
+                match FragmentTypeFlag::try_from(bit as i32) {
+                    Err(_) => continue,
+                    Ok(flag) => result.push(flag),
                 };
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
index fde1bc7244368..7c3030370d56f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ impl StageRunner {
             match status_res_inner {
                 Ok(status) => {
                     use risingwave_pb::task_service::task_info_response::TaskStatus as TaskStatusPb;
-                    match TaskStatusPb::from_i32(status.task_status).unwrap() {
+                    match TaskStatusPb::try_from(status.task_status).unwrap() {
                         TaskStatusPb::Running => {
                             running_task_cnt += 1;
                             // The task running count should always less or equal than the
diff --git a/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml b/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
index 2da34aa53af77..477f19878cbd9 100644
--- a/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/java_binding/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 jni = "0.21.1"
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_jni_core = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml b/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
index bc70ef8a73114..69c11a7f21e24 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/jni_core/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = "0.21.1"
 paste = "1"
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_object_store = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index fbe70855bb945..f33f36bbb5284 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 parse-display = "0.8"
 prometheus = "0.13"
 prometheus-http-query = "0.6"
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
 regex = "1"
 reqwest = "0.11"
@@ -57,10 +57,22 @@ risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
 scopeguard = "1.2.0"
-sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [ "sqlx-mysql", "sqlx-postgres", "sqlx-sqlite", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "macros" ] }
+sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [
+    "sqlx-mysql",
+    "sqlx-postgres",
+    "sqlx-sqlite",
+    "runtime-tokio-native-tls",
+    "macros",
+] }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
-sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["runtime-tokio", "postgres", "mysql", "sqlite", "chrono"] }
+sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = [
+    "runtime-tokio",
+    "postgres",
+    "mysql",
+    "sqlite",
+    "chrono",
+] }
 sync-point = { path = "../utils/sync-point" }
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
@@ -74,6 +86,7 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
 tokio-retry = "0.3"
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
 tonic = { workspace = true }
+tonic_0_9 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9" }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 url = "2"
diff --git a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
index 2ebc9d924f50b..e00b87b0ed9a4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
         let mut result = srv
             .cluster_manager
             .list_worker_node(
-                WorkerType::from_i32(ty)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("invalid worker type"))
+                WorkerType::try_from(ty)
+                    .map_err(|_| anyhow!("invalid worker type"))
                     .map_err(err)?,
                 None,
             )
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 26a27674140c6..e8f8a3b1315ca 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -2700,7 +2700,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                                 sorted_output_ssts,
                                 table_stats_change
                             }) => {
-                                if let Err(e) =  hummock_manager.report_compact_task(task_id, TaskStatus::from_i32(task_status).unwrap(), sorted_output_ssts, Some(table_stats_change))
+                                if let Err(e) =  hummock_manager.report_compact_task(task_id, TaskStatus::try_from(task_status).unwrap(), sorted_output_ssts, Some(table_stats_change))
                                        .await {
                                         tracing::error!("report compact_tack fail {e:?}");
                                 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
index 5bcb6f4faa4d7..678c701ca2891 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl HummockMetaClient for MockHummockMetaClient {
                         if let Err(e) = hummock_manager_compact
                             .report_compact_task(
                                 task_id,
-                                TaskStatus::from_i32(task_status).unwrap(),
+                                TaskStatus::try_from(task_status).unwrap(),
                                 sorted_output_ssts,
                                 Some(table_stats_change),
                             )
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs
index e1b7cc27092d5..8c982521b112a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
         let update_fields = req
             .update_fields
             .iter()
-            .map(|i| UpdateField::from_i32(*i).unwrap())
+            .map(|i| UpdateField::try_from(*i).unwrap())
             .collect_vec();
         let user = req.get_user()?.clone();
         let version = self
diff --git a/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs b/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
index 4ea2b8d3fa54f..ccc61a48dd53f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ impl EtcdRetryClient {
     fn should_retry(err: &Error) -> bool {
         match err {
             Error::GRpcStatus(status) => {
-                status.code() == tonic::Code::Unavailable
-                    || status.code() == tonic::Code::Unknown
-                    || (status.code() == tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
+                status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unavailable
+                    || status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unknown
+                    || (status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unauthenticated
                         && status.message().contains("invalid auth token"))
             }
             _ => false,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs b/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
index 218749dca9421..84b327862f378 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl EtcdRefreshClient {
     fn should_refresh(err: &etcd_client::Error) -> bool {
         match err {
             etcd_client::Error::GRpcStatus(status) => {
-                status.code() == tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
+                status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unauthenticated
                     && status.message().contains("invalid auth token")
             }
             _ => false,
diff --git a/src/prost/Cargo.toml b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
index 0ee56c883bd71..d373207966640 100644
--- a/src/prost/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/prost/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ repository = { workspace = true }
 [dependencies]
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 pbjson = "0.6"
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 prost-helpers = { path = "helpers" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 strum = "0.25"
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index acbc05d8f536a..9e778668f4385 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ more-asserts = "0.3"
 num-integer = "0.1"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_backup = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/backup/Cargo.toml
index c36dd17f364ca..f4f66927c33d4 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/backup/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ async-trait = "0.1"
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock"] }
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_object_store = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
index f9b8fa85bc101..46eabf17835e4 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = "0.2"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/stream/Cargo.toml b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
index 69398ceeb12dc..9039f34d89a5d 100644
--- a/src/stream/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ parking_lot = "0.12"
 parse-display = "0.8"
 pin-project = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
-prost = "0.11"
+prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/udf/src/error.rs b/src/udf/src/error.rs
index 98b9faa57171b..4a2ae18f61357 100644
--- a/src/udf/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/udf/src/error.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub enum Error {
     ServiceError(String),
 }
 
-static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<Error>(), 32);
+static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<Error>(), 40);
 
 impl From<tonic::Status> for Error {
     fn from(status: tonic::Status) -> Self {
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 9ac71917cdcd5..fab3e9d4b51c3 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ bit-vec = { version = "0.6" }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
 byteorder = { version = "1" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
 clap_builder = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["cargo", "color", "env", "help", "std", "suggestions", "usage"] }
 combine = { version = "4" }
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 postgres-types = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "with-chrono-0_4", "with-serde_json-1"] }
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
-prost = { version = "0.11", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "prost", version = "0.12", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "prost", version = "0.11" }
+prost-types = { version = "0.12" }
 rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"
 byteorder = { version = "1" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["alloc", "serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
 crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
 crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
 deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
@@ -180,7 +182,9 @@ phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 postgres-types = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "with-chrono-0_4", "with-serde_json-1"] }
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1", features = ["span-locations"] }
-prost = { version = "0.11", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "prost", version = "0.12", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "prost", version = "0.11" }
+prost-types = { version = "0.12" }
 rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

From 48096a8415c74869f0d9826b42632f3ff1a0352f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 11:38:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 250/430] chore: fix "No space left" for GHA (#12662)

---
 .github/workflows/doc.yml | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/doc.yml b/.github/workflows/doc.yml
index 66f740666e2a7..7bd9d5a9147eb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/doc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/doc.yml
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - name: Maximize build space
+        uses: easimon/maximize-build-space@master
+        with:
+          remove-dotnet: 'true'
+          remove-android: 'true'
+          remove-haskell: 'true'
+          remove-codeql: 'true'
+          remove-docker-images: 'true'
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: rustup show

From 437d36e0ac6826a0d3e1e14bf514098d01c60d8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 12:50:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 251/430] fix(heap_profiling): free dumped file name str
 (#12649)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Co-authored-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs   | 19 +++++++-------
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        | 25 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 60efc57cd8af5..cea094b0b15d5 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::ffi::CStr;
+use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -111,21 +111,20 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
                 return;
             }
 
-            let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-            let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX);
+            let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S");
+            let file_name = format!("{}.{}", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX);
 
             let file_path = Path::new(&self.heap_profiling_config.dir)
-                .join(Path::new(&file_name))
+                .join(&file_name)
                 .to_str()
-                .unwrap()
-                .to_string();
+                .expect("file path is not valid utf8")
+                .to_owned();
+            let file_path_c = CString::new(file_path).expect("0 byte in file path");
 
-            // `file_path_str` is leaked because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
-            let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.into_boxed_str());
-            let file_path_bytes = file_path_str.as_bytes();
+            // FIXME(yuhao): `unsafe` here because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
             if let Err(e) = self
                 .jemalloc_dump_mib
-                .write(CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap())
+                .write(unsafe { &*(file_path_c.as_c_str() as *const _) })
             {
                 tracing::warn!("Auto Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
             } else {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 2ab2c2968597a..ea95a87574572 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -121,7 +122,6 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         &self,
         request: Request<HeapProfilingRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<HeapProfilingResponse>, Status> {
-        use std::ffi::CStr;
         use std::fs::create_dir_all;
         use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
             ));
         }
 
-        let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").to_string();
-        let file_name = format!("{}.{}\0", time_prefix, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX);
-        let arg_dir = request.into_inner().get_dir().clone();
+        let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S");
+        let file_name = format!("{}.{}", time_prefix, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX);
+        let arg_dir = request.into_inner().dir;
         let dir = PathBuf::from(if arg_dir.is_empty() {
             &self.server_config.heap_profiling.dir
         } else {
@@ -153,20 +153,19 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         let file_path = file_path_buf
             .to_str()
             .ok_or_else(|| Status::internal("The file dir is not a UTF-8 String"))?;
+        let file_path_c =
+            CString::new(file_path).map_err(|_| Status::internal("0 byte in file path"))?;
 
-        // `file_path_str` is leaked because `prof::dump::write` requires static lifetime
-        let file_path_str = Box::leak(file_path.to_string().into_boxed_str());
-        let file_path_bytes = file_path_str.as_bytes();
-        let response = if let Err(e) = tikv_jemalloc_ctl::prof::dump::write(
-            CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(file_path_bytes).unwrap(),
-        ) {
+        // FIXME(yuhao): `unsafe` here because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
+        if let Err(e) =
+            tikv_jemalloc_ctl::prof::dump::write(unsafe { &*(file_path_c.as_c_str() as *const _) })
+        {
             tracing::warn!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
             Err(Status::internal(e.to_string()))
         } else {
-            tracing::info!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file created: {}", &file_path);
+            tracing::info!("Manually Jemalloc dump heap file created: {}", file_path);
             Ok(Response::new(HeapProfilingResponse {}))
-        };
-        response
+        }
     }
 
     #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]

From e69f5132d7fc8208324e08100a68d0140bfea054 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ZENOTME <43447882+ZENOTME@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 15:23:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 252/430] feat: support iceberg sink partition write (#12664)

Co-authored-by: ZENOTME <st810918843@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  3 +-
 Cargo.toml                                    |  2 +-
 ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh        |  2 +
 .../test_case/partition_append_only.toml      | 40 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../iceberg/test_case/partition_upsert.toml   | 35 ++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             | 39 +++++++++++-------
 6 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_append_only.toml
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_upsert.toml

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 47e85c6a612b5..950a49e1b2296 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3851,7 +3851,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "icelake"
 version = "0.0.10"
-source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2#72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake?rev=16dab0e36ab337e58ee8002d828def2d212fa116#16dab0e36ab337e58ee8002d828def2d212fa116"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "apache-avro 0.15.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -5294,6 +5294,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
+ "prometheus",
  "quick-xml 0.29.0",
  "reqsign",
  "reqwest",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 43316c1288f09..c674a38f2fea7 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
 tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.4.0" }
 tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.4.0" }
 prost = { version = "0.12" }
-icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "72a65aed6ed7b3d529b311031c2c8d99650990e2" }
+icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "16dab0e36ab337e58ee8002d828def2d212fa116" }
 arrow-array = "47"
 arrow-cast = "47"
 arrow-schema = "47"
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
index c365e417319c2..0e8054a4946af 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-iceberg-sink-v2-test.sh
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ bash ./start_spark_connect_server.sh
 "$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry update --quiet
 "$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/no_partition_append_only.toml
 "$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/no_partition_upsert.toml
+"$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/partition_append_only.toml
+"$HOME"/.local/bin/poetry run python main.py -t ./test_case/partition_upsert.toml
 
 
 echo "--- Kill cluster"
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_append_only.toml b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_append_only.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4721ef11c5ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_append_only.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+init_sqls = [
+    'CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS demo_db',
+    'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+    '''
+    CREATE TABLE demo_db.demo_table (
+    id long,
+    v_int int,
+    v_long long,
+    v_float float,
+    v_double double,
+    v_varchar string,
+    v_bool boolean,
+    v_date date,
+    v_timestamp timestamp,
+    v_ts_ntz timestamp_ntz
+    )
+    PARTITIONED BY (v_int,v_long,v_float,v_double,v_varchar,v_bool,v_date,v_timestamp,v_ts_ntz)
+    TBLPROPERTIES ('format-version'='2');
+    '''
+]
+
+slt = 'test_case/iceberg_sink_append_only.slt'
+
+verify_schema = ['long', 'int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'string', 'boolean', 'date', 'timestamp', 'timestamp_ntz']
+
+verify_sql = 'SELECT * FROM demo_db.demo_table ORDER BY id ASC'
+
+
+verify_data = """
+1,1,1000,1.1,1.11,1-1,true,2022-03-11,2022-03-11 01:00:00+00:00,2022-03-11 01:00:00
+2,2,2000,2.2,2.22,2-2,false,2022-03-12,2022-03-12 02:00:00+00:00,2022-03-12 02:00:00
+3,3,3000,3.3,3.33,3-3,true,2022-03-13,2022-03-13 03:00:00+00:00,2022-03-13 03:00:00
+4,4,4000,4.4,4.44,4-4,false,2022-03-14,2022-03-14 04:00:00+00:00,2022-03-14 04:00:00
+5,5,5000,5.5,5.55,5-5,true,2022-03-15,2022-03-15 05:00:00+00:00,2022-03-15 05:00:00
+"""
+
+drop_sqls = [
+ 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+ 'DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS demo_db'
+]
diff --git a/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_upsert.toml b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_upsert.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d95178ed893fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/iceberg/test_case/partition_upsert.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+init_sqls = [
+    'CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS demo_db',
+    'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+    '''
+    CREATE TABLE demo_db.demo_table (
+    id int,
+    v1 int,
+    v2 long,
+    v3 string
+    ) USING iceberg
+    PARTITIONED BY (v1,v2)
+    TBLPROPERTIES ('format-version'='2');
+    '''
+]
+
+slt = 'test_case/iceberg_sink_upsert.slt'
+
+verify_schema = ['int','int','long','string']
+
+verify_sql = 'SELECT * FROM demo_db.demo_table ORDER BY id, v1 ASC'
+
+verify_data = """
+1,1,50,1-50
+1,2,2,2-2
+1,3,2,3-2
+1,5,2,5-2
+1,8,2,8-2
+1,13,2,13-2
+1,21,2,21-2
+"""
+
+drop_sqls = [
+ 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS demo_db.demo_table',
+ 'DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS demo_db'
+]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index dd2b7e793b634..88ff53cccb714 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ use arrow_schema::{DataType as ArrowDataType, Schema as ArrowSchema, SchemaRef};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use icelake::catalog::{load_catalog, CATALOG_NAME, CATALOG_TYPE};
 use icelake::io::file_writer::DeltaWriterResult;
+use icelake::io::EmptyLayer;
 use icelake::transaction::Transaction;
-use icelake::types::{data_file_from_json, data_file_to_json, DataFile};
+use icelake::types::{data_file_from_json, data_file_to_json, Any, DataFile};
 use icelake::{Table, TableIdentifier};
 use risingwave_common::array::{to_record_batch_with_schema, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
@@ -367,8 +368,12 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
         _connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
     ) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
         let table = self.create_table().await?;
+        let partition_type = table.current_partition_type()?;
 
-        Ok(IcebergSinkCommitter { table })
+        Ok(IcebergSinkCommitter {
+            table,
+            partition_type,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -437,7 +442,7 @@ impl SinkWriter for IcebergWriter {
 
 struct AppendOnlyWriter {
     table: Table,
-    writer: icelake::io::task_writer::TaskWriter,
+    writer: icelake::io::task_writer::TaskWriter<EmptyLayer>,
     schema: SchemaRef,
 }
 
@@ -455,7 +460,9 @@ impl AppendOnlyWriter {
 
         Ok(Self {
             writer: table
-                .task_writer()
+                .writer_builder()
+                .await?
+                .build_task_writer()
                 .await
                 .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
             table,
@@ -484,7 +491,9 @@ impl AppendOnlyWriter {
         let old_writer = std::mem::replace(
             &mut self.writer,
             self.table
-                .task_writer()
+                .writer_builder()
+                .await?
+                .build_task_writer()
                 .await
                 .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?,
         );
@@ -604,7 +613,7 @@ impl UpsertWriter {
 
 struct UnpartitionDeltaWriter {
     table: Table,
-    writer: icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter,
+    writer: icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter<EmptyLayer>,
     unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>,
 }
 
@@ -646,7 +655,10 @@ impl UnpartitionDeltaWriter {
 
 struct PartitionDeltaWriter {
     table: Table,
-    writers: HashMap<icelake::types::PartitionKey, icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter>,
+    writers: HashMap<
+        icelake::types::PartitionKey,
+        icelake::io::file_writer::EqualityDeltaWriter<EmptyLayer>,
+    >,
     partition_splitter: icelake::types::PartitionSplitter,
     unique_column_ids: Vec<usize>,
 }
@@ -730,10 +742,8 @@ struct WriteResult {
     delete_files: Vec<DataFile>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a SinkMetadata> for WriteResult {
-    type Error = SinkError;
-
-    fn try_from(value: &'a SinkMetadata) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+impl WriteResult {
+    fn try_from(value: &SinkMetadata, partition_type: &Any) -> Result<Self> {
         if let Some(Serialized(v)) = &value.metadata {
             let mut values = if let serde_json::Value::Object(v) =
                 serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(&v.metadata).map_err(
@@ -752,7 +762,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a SinkMetadata> for WriteResult {
             {
                 data_files = values
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(data_file_from_json)
+                    .map(|value| data_file_from_json(value, partition_type.clone()))
                     .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<DataFile>, icelake::Error>>()
                     .unwrap();
             } else {
@@ -764,7 +774,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a SinkMetadata> for WriteResult {
             {
                 delete_files = values
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(data_file_from_json)
+                    .map(|value| data_file_from_json(value, partition_type.clone()))
                     .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<DataFile>, icelake::Error>>()
                     .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Failed to parse data file from json: {}", e))?;
             } else {
@@ -822,6 +832,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a WriteResult> for SinkMetadata {
 
 pub struct IcebergSinkCommitter {
     table: Table,
+    partition_type: Any,
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
@@ -836,7 +847,7 @@ impl SinkCommitCoordinator for IcebergSinkCommitter {
 
         let write_results = metadata
             .iter()
-            .map(WriteResult::try_from)
+            .map(|meta| WriteResult::try_from(meta, &self.partition_type))
             .collect::<Result<Vec<WriteResult>>>()?;
 
         let mut txn = Transaction::new(&mut self.table);

From 129ab2885e2078f4136d6c4312fb64419223a542 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 15:36:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 253/430] feat: enable verbose instrument for iter rewind and
 block I/O (#12672)

---
 src/storage/src/hummock/block_cache.rs   | 3 +++
 src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/block_cache.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/block_cache.rs
index a9162f037f55a..1260b3c881486 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/block_cache.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/block_cache.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use futures::Future;
 use risingwave_common::cache::{
     CachePriority, CacheableEntry, LookupResponse, LruCache, LruCacheEventListener,
@@ -99,10 +100,12 @@ impl BlockResponse {
         match self {
             BlockResponse::Block(block_holder) => Ok(block_holder),
             BlockResponse::WaitPendingRequest(receiver) => receiver
+                .verbose_instrument_await("wait_pending_fetch_block")
                 .await
                 .map_err(|recv_error| recv_error.into())
                 .map(BlockHolder::from_cached_block),
             BlockResponse::Miss(join_handle) => join_handle
+                .verbose_instrument_await("fetch_block")
                 .await
                 .unwrap()
                 .map(BlockHolder::from_cached_block),
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
index 41273e51657c8..f2d5eca81b171 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/version.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::iter::once;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
@@ -924,7 +925,7 @@ impl HummockVersionReader {
         );
         user_iter
             .rewind()
-            .instrument(tracing::trace_span!("rewind"))
+            .verbose_instrument_await("rewind")
             .await?;
         local_stats.found_key = user_iter.is_valid();
         local_stats.sub_iter_count = local_stats.staging_imm_iter_count

From 1d04366e3eb1d19c700c129a61d01b235d3ea515 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 17:16:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 254/430] fix(storage): auto_pick_type should cover Tombstone
 type (#12670)

---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index e8f8a3b1315ca..bded17217d360 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -3016,9 +3016,13 @@ impl CompactionState {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)
+        } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)) {
+            Some(compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
         } else {
+            // Other types are not triggered by `try_sched_compaction`, so no need to be handled.
+            // TODO: Consider using match state to avoid missing newly added types
             None
         }
     }

From d3ebe9f5d563efeb72c6762379219d6134647fbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 17:23:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 255/430] chore: speedup doctest (#12669)

---
 ci/scripts/check.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/check.sh b/ci/scripts/check.sh
index fe0b79dcf30ef..2d194c40e2e99 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/check.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/check.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ sccache --show-stats
 sccache --zero-stats
 
 echo "--- Run doctest"
-cargo test --doc
+RUSTDOCFLAGS="-Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=lld" cargo test --doc
 
 echo "--- Show sccache stats"
 sccache --show-stats

From 8b18a7e7746613ff5fe056d7b4fd15e6747bc02e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 05:25:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 256/430] refactor(common): implement
 `Datum::[from|to]_protobuf` (#12679)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  1 +
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |  1 +
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                   |  7 +-----
 src/common/src/util/memcmp_encoding.rs        | 22 ++++++++--------
 src/common/src/util/value_encoding/mod.rs     | 19 ++++++++++++++
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs            | 10 +++-----
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs          |  4 +--
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs             | 14 ++++-------
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs        | 13 +++++-----
 src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs          | 16 ++++++------
 src/frontend/src/expr/literal.rs              | 25 ++++++++-----------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  7 ++----
 src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs                | 12 ++++-----
 13 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 950a49e1b2296..d1de130adfc0b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7022,6 +7022,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-schema",
  "async-trait",
  "auto_enums",
+ "auto_impl",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 233945f94eeec..a9b1ef1c95d7f 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ arrow-cast = { workspace = true }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
 auto_enums = "0.8"
+auto_impl = "1"
 bitflags = "2"
 byteorder = "1"
 bytes = "1"
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index 77738b0bb0bdc..946030b05ef76 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -558,6 +558,7 @@ impl ToOwnedDatum for DatumRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+#[auto_impl::auto_impl(&)]
 pub trait ToDatumRef: PartialEq + Eq + Debug {
     /// Convert the datum to [`DatumRef`].
     fn to_datum_ref(&self) -> DatumRef<'_>;
@@ -569,12 +570,6 @@ impl ToDatumRef for Datum {
         self.as_ref().map(|d| d.as_scalar_ref_impl())
     }
 }
-impl ToDatumRef for &Datum {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn to_datum_ref(&self) -> DatumRef<'_> {
-        self.as_ref().map(|d| d.as_scalar_ref_impl())
-    }
-}
 impl ToDatumRef for Option<&ScalarImpl> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn to_datum_ref(&self) -> DatumRef<'_> {
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/memcmp_encoding.rs b/src/common/src/util/memcmp_encoding.rs
index 8593071e18c71..58ad76900b081 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/memcmp_encoding.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/memcmp_encoding.rs
@@ -430,14 +430,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_memcomparable_structs() {
         // NOTE: `NULL`s inside composite type values are always the largest.
 
-        let struct_none = None;
-        let struct_1 = Some(
+        let struct_none = Datum::None;
+        let struct_1 = Datum::Some(
             StructValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(2))]).into(),
         );
-        let struct_2 = Some(
+        let struct_2 = Datum::Some(
             StructValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(3))]).into(),
         );
-        let struct_3 = Some(StructValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), None]).into());
+        let struct_3 = Datum::Some(StructValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), None]).into());
 
         {
             // ASC NULLS FIRST (NULLS SMALLEST)
@@ -489,12 +489,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_memcomparable_lists() {
         // NOTE: `NULL`s inside composite type values are always the largest.
 
-        let list_none = None;
-        let list_1 =
-            Some(ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(2))]).into());
-        let list_2 =
-            Some(ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(3))]).into());
-        let list_3 = Some(ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), None]).into());
+        let list_none = Datum::None;
+        let list_1 = Datum::Some(
+            ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(2))]).into(),
+        );
+        let list_2 = Datum::Some(
+            ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), Some(ScalarImpl::from(3))]).into(),
+        );
+        let list_3 = Datum::Some(ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::from(1)), None]).into());
 
         {
             // ASC NULLS FIRST (NULLS SMALLEST)
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/value_encoding/mod.rs b/src/common/src/util/value_encoding/mod.rs
index f1584ae799181..e3c4386f39a20 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/value_encoding/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/value_encoding/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use bytes::{Buf, BufMut};
 use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
 use either::{for_both, Either};
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
+use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
 
 use crate::array::{ArrayImpl, ListRef, ListValue, StructRef, StructValue};
 use crate::row::{Row, RowDeserializer as BasicDeserializer};
@@ -165,6 +166,24 @@ pub fn estimate_serialize_datum_size(datum_ref: impl ToDatumRef) -> usize {
     }
 }
 
+#[easy_ext::ext(DatumFromProtoExt)]
+impl Datum {
+    /// Create a datum from the protobuf representation with the given data type.
+    pub fn from_protobuf(proto: &PbDatum, data_type: &DataType) -> Result<Datum> {
+        deserialize_datum(proto.body.as_slice(), data_type)
+    }
+}
+
+#[easy_ext::ext(DatumToProtoExt)]
+impl<D: ToDatumRef> D {
+    /// Convert the datum to the protobuf representation.
+    pub fn to_protobuf(&self) -> PbDatum {
+        PbDatum {
+            body: serialize_datum(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Deserialize bytes into a datum (Not order guarantee, used in value encoding).
 pub fn deserialize_datum(mut data: impl Buf, ty: &DataType) -> Result<Datum> {
     inner_deserialize_datum(&mut data, ty)
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index a89c1413efd81..2d6763130cc4a 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use parse_display::{Display, FromStr};
 use risingwave_common::bail;
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumFromProtoExt;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::agg_call::PbType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbInputRef};
 
@@ -78,11 +78,7 @@ impl AggCall {
                 let data_type = DataType::from(arg.get_type().unwrap());
                 LiteralExpression::new(
                     data_type.clone(),
-                    value_encoding::deserialize_datum(
-                        arg.get_datum().unwrap().get_body().as_slice(),
-                        &data_type,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
+                    Datum::from_protobuf(arg.get_datum().unwrap(), &data_type).unwrap(),
                 )
             })
             .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
index eb4183edd2f57..a4101301308ed 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_field.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumFromProtoExt;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl Build for FieldExpression {
         let RexNode::Constant(value) = second.get_rex_node().unwrap() else {
             bail!("Expected Constant as 1st argument");
         };
-        let index = deserialize_datum(value.body.as_slice(), &DataType::Int32)
+        let index = Datum::from_protobuf(value, &DataType::Int32)
             .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Failed to deserialize i32, reason: {:?}", e))?
             .unwrap()
             .as_int32()
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
index f599bd4a64e42..cbc5cd244b528 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_in.rs
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
     use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::DataChunkTestExt;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
-    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::serialize_datum;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
+    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumToProtoExt;
     use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::TypeName;
-    use risingwave_pb::data::{PbDataType, PbDatum};
+    use risingwave_pb::data::PbDataType;
     use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{RexNode, Type};
     use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
 
@@ -158,9 +158,7 @@ mod tests {
                     type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
                     ..Default::default()
                 }),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(PbDatum {
-                    body: serialize_datum(Some("ABC".into()).as_ref()),
-                })),
+                rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(Datum::Some("ABC".into()).to_protobuf())),
             },
             ExprNode {
                 function_type: Type::Unspecified as i32,
@@ -168,9 +166,7 @@ mod tests {
                     type_name: TypeName::Varchar as i32,
                     ..Default::default()
                 }),
-                rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(PbDatum {
-                    body: serialize_datum(Some("def".into()).as_ref()),
-                })),
+                rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(Datum::Some("def".into()).to_protobuf())),
             },
         ];
         let mut in_children = vec![input_ref_expr_node];
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
index 4009fc346cc41..54202ba732d3e 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_literal.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{literal_type_match, DataType, Datum};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumFromProtoExt;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
 use super::{Build, ValueImpl};
@@ -74,9 +74,8 @@ impl Build for LiteralExpression {
 
         let prost_value = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_constant().unwrap();
 
-        // TODO: We need to unify these
-        let value = deserialize_datum(
-            prost_value.get_body().as_slice(),
+        let value = Datum::from_protobuf(
+            prost_value,
             &DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap()),
         )
         .map_err(|e| ExprError::Internal(e.into()))?;
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::{I32Array, StructValue};
     use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, Interval, IntoOrdered, Scalar, ScalarImpl};
-    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::serialize_datum;
+    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{serialize_datum, DatumToProtoExt};
     use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::{IntervalType, TypeName};
     use risingwave_pb::data::{PbDataType, PbDatum};
     use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode::{self, Constant};
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ mod tests {
             Some(2.into()),
             None,
         ]);
-        let body = serialize_datum(Some(value.clone().to_scalar_value()).as_ref());
+        let pb_datum = Some(value.clone().to_scalar_value()).to_protobuf();
         let expr = ExprNode {
             function_type: Type::Unspecified as i32,
             return_type: Some(PbDataType {
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ mod tests {
                 ],
                 ..Default::default()
             }),
-            rex_node: Some(Constant(PbDatum { body })),
+            rex_node: Some(Constant(pb_datum)),
         };
         let expr = LiteralExpression::build_for_test(&expr).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(value.to_scalar_value(), expr.literal().unwrap());
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs
index d276413c02678..56ebcdfddf784 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/test_utils.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
 use num_traits::CheckedSub;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::serialize_datum;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumToProtoExt;
 use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::TypeName;
-use risingwave_pb::data::{PbDataType, PbDatum};
+use risingwave_pb::data::PbDataType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::Field;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::{self, RexNode, Type};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall};
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ pub fn make_i32_literal(data: i32) -> ExprNode {
             type_name: TypeName::Int32 as i32,
             ..Default::default()
         }),
-        rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(PbDatum {
-            body: serialize_datum(Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(data)).as_ref()),
-        })),
+        rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(data)).to_protobuf(),
+        )),
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ fn make_interval_literal(data: Interval) -> ExprNode {
             type_name: TypeName::Interval as i32,
             ..Default::default()
         }),
-        rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(PbDatum {
-            body: serialize_datum(Some(ScalarImpl::Interval(data)).as_ref()),
-        })),
+        rex_node: Some(RexNode::Constant(
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Interval(data)).to_protobuf(),
+        )),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/literal.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/literal.rs
index bf4c95b2114d4..2882243f93170 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/literal.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/literal.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::list_array::display_for_explain;
 use risingwave_common::types::{literal_type_match, DataType, Datum, ToText};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{deserialize_datum, serialize_datum};
-use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{DatumFromProtoExt, DatumToProtoExt};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
 
 use super::Expr;
@@ -121,8 +120,7 @@ impl Expr for Literal {
 
 /// Convert a literal value (datum) into protobuf.
 pub fn literal_to_value_encoding(d: &Datum) -> RexNode {
-    let body = serialize_datum(d.as_ref());
-    RexNode::Constant(PbDatum { body })
+    RexNode::Constant(d.to_protobuf())
 }
 
 /// Convert protobuf into a literal value (datum).
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ fn value_encoding_to_literal(
 ) -> risingwave_common::error::Result<Datum> {
     if let Some(rex_node) = proto {
         if let RexNode::Constant(prost_datum) = rex_node {
-            let datum = deserialize_datum(prost_datum.body.as_ref(), ty)?;
+            let datum = Datum::from_protobuf(prost_datum, ty)?;
             Ok(datum)
         } else {
             unreachable!()
@@ -145,8 +143,8 @@ fn value_encoding_to_literal(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::{ListValue, StructValue};
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
-    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::deserialize_datum;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, ScalarImpl};
+    use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumFromProtoExt;
     use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
 
     use crate::expr::literal::literal_to_value_encoding;
@@ -161,8 +159,8 @@ mod tests {
         let data = Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(value.clone()));
         let node = literal_to_value_encoding(&data);
         if let RexNode::Constant(prost) = node {
-            let data2 = deserialize_datum(
-                prost.get_body().as_slice(),
+            let data2 = Datum::from_protobuf(
+                &prost,
                 &DataType::new_struct(
                     vec![DataType::Varchar, DataType::Int32, DataType::Int32],
                     vec![],
@@ -184,12 +182,9 @@ mod tests {
         let data = Some(ScalarImpl::List(value.clone()));
         let node = literal_to_value_encoding(&data);
         if let RexNode::Constant(prost) = node {
-            let data2 = deserialize_datum(
-                prost.get_body().as_slice(),
-                &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)),
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
+            let data2 = Datum::from_protobuf(&prost, &DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)))
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap();
             assert_eq!(ScalarImpl::List(value), data2);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index e6392a0ba14e6..4db0ac0780f62 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, FieldDisplay, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, ColumnOrderDisplay, OrderType};
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding;
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumToProtoExt;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
-use risingwave_pb::data::PbDatum;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbConstant};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{agg_call_state, AggCallState as AggCallStatePb};
 
@@ -715,9 +714,7 @@ impl PlanAggCall {
                 .direct_args
                 .iter()
                 .map(|x| PbConstant {
-                    datum: Some(PbDatum {
-                        body: value_encoding::serialize_datum(x.get_data()),
-                    }),
+                    datum: Some(x.get_data().to_protobuf()),
                     r#type: Some(x.return_type().to_protobuf()),
                 })
                 .collect(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
index 663f1c0236e85..fffa62f4794f8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, EpochPair};
 use risingwave_common::util::tracing::TracingContext;
-use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{deserialize_datum, serialize_datum};
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{DatumFromProtoExt, DatumToProtoExt};
 use risingwave_connector::source::SplitImpl;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
-use risingwave_pb::data::{PbDatum, PbEpoch};
+use risingwave_pb::data::PbEpoch;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::PbInputRef;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::barrier::{BarrierKind, PbMutation};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_message::StreamMessage;
@@ -675,16 +675,14 @@ impl Watermark {
                 index: self.col_idx as _,
                 r#type: Some(self.data_type.to_protobuf()),
             }),
-            val: Some(PbDatum {
-                body: serialize_datum(Some(&self.val)),
-            }),
+            val: Some(&self.val).to_protobuf().into(),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn from_protobuf(prost: &PbWatermark) -> StreamExecutorResult<Self> {
         let col_ref = prost.get_column()?;
         let data_type = DataType::from(col_ref.get_type()?);
-        let val = deserialize_datum(prost.get_val()?.get_body().as_slice(), &data_type)?
+        let val = Datum::from_protobuf(prost.get_val()?, &data_type)?
             .expect("watermark value cannot be null");
         Ok(Self::new(col_ref.get_index() as _, data_type, val))
     }

From 8b082dea901084c5f9a6462789e18f77dbe3efc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 13:47:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 257/430] chore(deps): Bump similar from 2.2.1 to 2.3.0
 (#12668)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 9 +++++----
 src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml | 6 ++++--
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d1de130adfc0b..93b78a734e884 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6310,7 +6310,7 @@ checksum = "8bdf592881d821b83d471f8af290226c8d51402259e9bb5be7f9f8bdebbb11ac"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "heck 0.4.1",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "log",
  "multimap 0.8.3",
  "once_cell",
@@ -6344,7 +6344,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "265baba7fabd416cf5078179f7d2cbeca4ce7a9041111900675ea7c4cb8a4c32"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.37",
@@ -9041,9 +9041,9 @@ checksum = "f27f6278552951f1f2b8cf9da965d10969b2efdea95a6ec47987ab46edfe263a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "similar"
-version = "2.2.1"
+version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "420acb44afdae038210c99e69aae24109f32f15500aa708e81d46c9f29d55fcf"
+checksum = "2aeaf503862c419d66959f5d7ca015337d864e9c49485d771b732e2a20453597"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "simple_asn1"
@@ -10940,6 +10940,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "jni",
  "lazy_static",
  "lexical-core",
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
index 7327a6b486ad7..402c6119cd1cf 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
-similar = "2.2.1"
+similar = "2.3.0"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tracing = "0.1"
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index fab3e9d4b51c3..d7ba81c3f3eb3 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features
 heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
-itertools = { version = "0.10" }
+itertools-93f6ce9d446188ac = { package = "itertools", version = "0.10" }
+itertools-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "itertools", version = "0.11" }
 jni = { version = "0.21", features = ["invocation"] }
 lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
 heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
-itertools = { version = "0.10" }
+itertools-93f6ce9d446188ac = { package = "itertools", version = "0.10" }
+itertools-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "itertools", version = "0.11" }
 lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }

From a8b25ac3133c1f65bffa467bcfc884b949cca23d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huanbing <devillove084@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 23:34:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 258/430] fix(doc): fix debian-like installation guide (#12684)

---
 docs/developer-guide.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/developer-guide.md b/docs/developer-guide.md
index 44d57f7c690a1..7778f2b587029 100644
--- a/docs/developer-guide.md
+++ b/docs/developer-guide.md
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
 To install the dependencies on Debian-based Linux systems, run:
 
 ```shell
-sudo apt install make build-essential cmake protobuf-compiler curl postgresql-client tmux lld pkg-config libssl-dev
+sudo apt install make build-essential cmake protobuf-compiler curl postgresql-client tmux lld pkg-config libssl-dev libsasl2-dev
 curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
 ```
 

From ca2509546d056c863752bd4b7568cf0aa5559fe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 16:36:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 259/430] chore(deps): Bump byteorder from 1.4.3 to 1.5.0
 (#12666)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                  | 4 ++--
 src/utils/pgwire/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 93b78a734e884..c08c420fbd7de 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1472,9 +1472,9 @@ checksum = "374d28ec25809ee0e23827c2ab573d729e293f281dfe393500e7ad618baa61c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.4.3"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
+checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
diff --git a/src/utils/pgwire/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/pgwire/Cargo.toml
index cfa82c1393de8..c6d46e356518a 100644
--- a/src/utils/pgwire/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/pgwire/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = { version = "1.0", default-features = false }
-byteorder = "1.4"
+byteorder = "1.5"
 bytes = "1"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 itertools = "0.11"

From fcdc3a112bb64ac151d44cc48f0bb143d92d456d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 01:24:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 260/430] perf(expr): avoid parsing unit every time on
 `extract` and `date_part` (#12398)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs | 641 ++++++++++++++++++----------
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs           |   1 +
 2 files changed, 414 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
index 9adc750808acb..d42489d1bf9ef 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/extract.rs
@@ -12,221 +12,395 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
 use chrono::{Datelike, NaiveTime, Timelike};
 use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Decimal, Interval, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz, F64};
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
+use self::Unit::*;
 use crate::scalar::timestamptz::time_zone_err;
 
-fn extract_date(date: impl Datelike, unit: &str) -> Option<Decimal> {
-    Some(if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("millennium") {
-        ((date.year() - 1) / 1000 + 1).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("century") {
-        ((date.year() - 1) / 100 + 1).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("decade") {
-        (date.year() / 10).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("year") {
-        date.year().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("isoyear") {
-        date.iso_week().year().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("quarter") {
-        ((date.month() - 1) / 3 + 1).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("month") {
-        date.month().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("week") {
-        date.iso_week().week().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("day") {
-        date.day().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("doy") {
-        date.ordinal().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("dow") {
-        date.weekday().num_days_from_sunday().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("isodow") {
-        date.weekday().number_from_monday().into()
-    } else {
-        return None;
-    })
+/// Extract field from `Datelike`.
+fn extract_from_datelike(date: impl Datelike, unit: Unit) -> Decimal {
+    match unit {
+        Millennium => ((date.year() - 1) / 1000 + 1).into(),
+        Century => ((date.year() - 1) / 100 + 1).into(),
+        Decade => (date.year() / 10).into(),
+        Year => date.year().into(),
+        IsoYear => date.iso_week().year().into(),
+        Quarter => ((date.month() - 1) / 3 + 1).into(),
+        Month => date.month().into(),
+        Week => date.iso_week().week().into(),
+        Day => date.day().into(),
+        Doy => date.ordinal().into(),
+        Dow => date.weekday().num_days_from_sunday().into(),
+        IsoDow => date.weekday().number_from_monday().into(),
+        u => unreachable!("invalid unit {:?} for date", u),
+    }
 }
 
-fn extract_time(time: impl Timelike, unit: &str) -> Option<Decimal> {
+/// Extract field from `Timelike`.
+fn extract_from_timelike(time: impl Timelike, unit: Unit) -> Decimal {
     let usecs = || time.second() as u64 * 1_000_000 + (time.nanosecond() / 1000) as u64;
-    Some(if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("hour") {
-        time.hour().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("minute") {
-        time.minute().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("second") {
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs() as i128, 6)
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("millisecond") {
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs() as i128, 3)
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("microsecond") {
-        usecs().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        let usecs =
-            time.num_seconds_from_midnight() as u64 * 1_000_000 + (time.nanosecond() / 1000) as u64;
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs as i128, 6)
-    } else {
-        return None;
-    })
+    match unit {
+        Hour => time.hour().into(),
+        Minute => time.minute().into(),
+        Second => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs() as i128, 6),
+        Millisecond => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs() as i128, 3),
+        Microsecond => usecs().into(),
+        Epoch => {
+            let usecs = time.num_seconds_from_midnight() as u64 * 1_000_000
+                + (time.nanosecond() / 1000) as u64;
+            Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(usecs as i128, 6)
+        }
+        u => unreachable!("invalid unit {:?} for time", u),
+    }
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, date) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_date(unit: &str, date: Date) -> Result<Decimal> {
-    if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        let epoch = date.0.and_time(NaiveTime::default()).timestamp();
-        return Ok(epoch.into());
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("julian") {
-        const UNIX_EPOCH_DAY: i32 = 719_163;
-        let julian = date.0.num_days_from_ce() - UNIX_EPOCH_DAY + 2_440_588;
-        return Ok(julian.into());
-    };
-    extract_date(date.0, unit).ok_or_else(|| invalid_unit("date unit", unit))
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, date) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_date()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_date(date: Date, unit: &Unit) -> Decimal {
+    match unit {
+        Epoch => {
+            let epoch = date.0.and_time(NaiveTime::default()).timestamp();
+            epoch.into()
+        }
+        Julian => {
+            const UNIX_EPOCH_DAY: i32 = 719_163;
+            let julian = date.0.num_days_from_ce() - UNIX_EPOCH_DAY + 2_440_588;
+            julian.into()
+        }
+        _ => extract_from_datelike(date.0, *unit),
+    }
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, time) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_time(unit: &str, time: Time) -> Result<Decimal> {
-    extract_time(time.0, unit).ok_or_else(|| invalid_unit("time unit", unit))
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, time) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_time()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_time(time: Time, unit: &Unit) -> Decimal {
+    extract_from_timelike(time.0, *unit)
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, timestamp) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_timestamp(unit: &str, timestamp: Timestamp) -> Result<Decimal> {
-    if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        let epoch = Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(timestamp.0.timestamp_micros() as i128, 6);
-        return Ok(epoch);
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("julian") {
-        let epoch = Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(timestamp.0.timestamp_micros() as i128, 6);
-        return Ok(epoch / (24 * 60 * 60).into() + 2_440_588.into());
-    };
-    extract_date(timestamp.0, unit)
-        .or_else(|| extract_time(timestamp.0, unit))
-        .ok_or_else(|| invalid_unit("timestamp unit", unit))
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, timestamp) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamp()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_timestamp(timestamp: Timestamp, unit: &Unit) -> Decimal {
+    match unit {
+        Epoch => {
+            let epoch = timestamp.0.timestamp_micros();
+            Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(epoch as i128, 6)
+        }
+        Julian => {
+            let epoch = Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(timestamp.0.timestamp_micros() as i128, 6);
+            epoch / (24 * 60 * 60).into() + 2_440_588.into()
+        }
+        _ if unit.is_date_unit() => extract_from_datelike(timestamp.0.date(), *unit),
+        _ if unit.is_time_unit() => extract_from_timelike(timestamp.0.time(), *unit),
+        u => unreachable!("invalid unit {:?} for timestamp", u),
+    }
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, timestamptz) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_timestamptz(unit: &str, tz: Timestamptz) -> Result<Decimal> {
-    if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        Ok(Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(tz.timestamp_micros() as _, 6))
-    } else {
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, timestamptz) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamptz()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_timestamptz(tz: Timestamptz, unit: &Unit) -> Decimal {
+    match unit {
+        Epoch => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(tz.timestamp_micros() as _, 6),
         // TODO(#5826): all other units depend on implicit session TimeZone
-        Err(invalid_unit("timestamp with time zone units", unit))
+        u => unreachable!("invalid unit {u:?} for timestamp with time zone"),
     }
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
-    unit: &str,
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamptz_at_timezone()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
     input: Timestamptz,
     timezone: &str,
+    unit: &Unit,
 ) -> Result<Decimal> {
     use chrono::Offset as _;
 
     let time_zone = Timestamptz::lookup_time_zone(timezone).map_err(time_zone_err)?;
     let instant_local = input.to_datetime_in_zone(time_zone);
 
-    if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        Ok(Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(
-            input.timestamp_micros() as _,
-            6,
-        ))
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("timezone") {
-        let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
-        Ok(east_secs.into())
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("timezone_hour") {
-        let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
-        Ok((east_secs / 3600).into())
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("timezone_minute") {
-        let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
-        Ok((east_secs % 3600 / 60).into())
-    } else {
-        let timestamp = instant_local.naive_local();
-        extract_from_timestamp(unit, timestamp.into())
-    }
+    Ok(match unit {
+        Epoch => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(instant_local.timestamp_micros() as _, 6),
+        Timezone => {
+            let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
+            east_secs.into()
+        }
+        Timezone_Hour => {
+            let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
+            (east_secs / 3600).into()
+        }
+        Timezone_Minute => {
+            let east_secs = instant_local.offset().fix().local_minus_utc();
+            (east_secs % 3600 / 60).into()
+        }
+        _ => extract_from_timestamp(instant_local.naive_local().into(), unit),
+    })
 }
 
-#[function("extract(varchar, interval) -> decimal")]
-pub fn extract_from_interval(unit: &str, interval: Interval) -> Result<Decimal> {
-    Ok(if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("millennium") {
-        (interval.years_field() / 1000).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("century") {
-        (interval.years_field() / 100).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("decade") {
-        (interval.years_field() / 10).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("year") {
-        interval.years_field().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("quarter") {
-        (interval.months_field() / 3 + 1).into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("month") {
-        interval.months_field().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("day") {
-        interval.days_field().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("hour") {
-        interval.hours_field().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("minute") {
-        interval.minutes_field().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("second") {
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.seconds_in_micros() as i128, 6)
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("millisecond") {
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.seconds_in_micros() as i128, 3)
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("microsecond") {
-        interval.seconds_in_micros().into()
-    } else if unit.eq_ignore_ascii_case("epoch") {
-        Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.epoch_in_micros(), 6)
-    } else {
-        return Err(invalid_unit("interval unit", unit));
-    })
+#[function(
+    "extract(varchar, interval) -> decimal",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_interval()?"
+)]
+fn extract_from_interval(interval: Interval, unit: &Unit) -> Decimal {
+    match unit {
+        Millennium => (interval.years_field() / 1000).into(),
+        Century => (interval.years_field() / 100).into(),
+        Decade => (interval.years_field() / 10).into(),
+        Year => interval.years_field().into(),
+        Quarter => (interval.months_field() / 3 + 1).into(),
+        Month => interval.months_field().into(),
+        Day => interval.days_field().into(),
+        Hour => interval.hours_field().into(),
+        Minute => interval.minutes_field().into(),
+        Second => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.seconds_in_micros() as i128, 6),
+        Millisecond => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.seconds_in_micros() as i128, 3),
+        Microsecond => interval.seconds_in_micros().into(),
+        Epoch => Decimal::from_i128_with_scale(interval.epoch_in_micros(), 6),
+        u => unreachable!("invalid unit {:?} for interval", u),
+    }
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, date) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_date(unit: &str, date: Date) -> Result<F64> {
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, date) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_date()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_date(date: Date, unit: &Unit) -> Result<F64> {
     // date_part of date manually cast to timestamp
     // https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_15_2/src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql#L123
-    extract_from_timestamp(unit, date.into())?
+    extract_from_timestamp(date.into(), unit)
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, time) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_time(unit: &str, time: Time) -> Result<F64> {
-    extract_from_time(unit, time)?
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, time) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_time()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_time(time: Time, unit: &Unit) -> Result<F64> {
+    extract_from_time(time, unit)
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_timestamptz(unit: &str, input: Timestamptz) -> Result<F64> {
-    extract_from_timestamptz(unit, input)?
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, timestamp) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamp()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_timestamp(timestamp: Timestamp, unit: &Unit) -> Result<F64> {
+    extract_from_timestamp(timestamp, unit)
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
-    unit: &str,
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, timestamptz) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamptz()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_timestamptz(input: Timestamptz, unit: &Unit) -> Result<F64> {
+    extract_from_timestamptz(input, unit)
+        .try_into()
+        .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
+}
+
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, timestamptz, varchar) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_timestamptz_at_timezone()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(
     input: Timestamptz,
     timezone: &str,
+    unit: &Unit,
 ) -> Result<F64> {
-    extract_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(unit, input, timezone)?
+    extract_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(input, timezone, unit)?
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, timestamp) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_timestamp(unit: &str, timestamp: Timestamp) -> Result<F64> {
-    extract_from_timestamp(unit, timestamp)?
+#[function(
+    "date_part(varchar, interval) -> float8",
+    prebuild = "Unit::from_str($0)?.ensure_interval()?"
+)]
+fn date_part_from_interval(interval: Interval, unit: &Unit) -> Result<F64> {
+    extract_from_interval(interval, unit)
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
 }
 
-#[function("date_part(varchar, interval) -> float8")]
-pub fn date_part_from_interval(unit: &str, interval: Interval) -> Result<F64> {
-    extract_from_interval(unit, interval)?
-        .try_into()
-        .map_err(|_| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)
+/// Define an enum and its `FromStr` impl.
+macro_rules! define_unit {
+    ($(#[ $attr:meta ])* enum $name:ident { $($variant:ident,)* }) => {
+        $(#[$attr])*
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+        enum $name {
+            $($variant,)*
+        }
+
+        impl FromStr for $name {
+            type Err = ExprError;
+
+            fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+                $(
+                    if s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(stringify!($variant)) {
+                        return Ok(Self::$variant);
+                    }
+                )*
+                Err(invalid_unit(s))
+            }
+        }
+    };
 }
 
-fn invalid_unit(name: &'static str, unit: &str) -> ExprError {
+define_unit! {
+    /// Datetime units.
+    #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+    enum Unit {
+        Millennium,
+        Century,
+        Decade,
+        Year,
+        IsoYear,
+        Quarter,
+        Month,
+        Week,
+        Day,
+        Doy,
+        Dow,
+        IsoDow,
+        Hour,
+        Minute,
+        Second,
+        Millisecond,
+        Microsecond,
+        Epoch,
+        Julian,
+        Timezone,
+        Timezone_Hour,
+        Timezone_Minute,
+    }
+}
+
+impl Unit {
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid date unit.
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
+    const fn is_date_unit(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Millennium | Century | Decade | Year | IsoYear | Quarter | Month | Week
+            | Day | Doy | Dow | IsoDow | Epoch | Julian
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid time unit.
+    const fn is_time_unit(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Hour | Minute | Second | Millisecond | Microsecond | Epoch
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid timestamp unit.
+    const fn is_timestamp_unit(self) -> bool {
+        self.is_date_unit() || self.is_time_unit()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid timestamptz unit.
+    const fn is_timestamptz_unit(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Epoch)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid timestamptz at timezone unit.
+    const fn is_timestamptz_at_timezone_unit(self) -> bool {
+        self.is_timestamp_unit() || matches!(self, Timezone | Timezone_Hour | Timezone_Minute)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the unit is a valid interval unit.
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
+    const fn is_interval_unit(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Millennium | Century | Decade | Year | Quarter | Month | Day | Hour | Minute
+            | Second | Millisecond | Microsecond | Epoch
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid date unit.
+    fn ensure_date(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_date_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "date"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid time unit.
+    fn ensure_time(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_time_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "time"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid timestamp unit.
+    fn ensure_timestamp(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_timestamp_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "timestamp"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid timestamptz unit.
+    fn ensure_timestamptz(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_timestamptz_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "timestamp with time zone"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid timestamptz unit.
+    fn ensure_timestamptz_at_timezone(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_timestamptz_at_timezone_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "timestamp with time zone"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the unit is a valid interval unit.
+    fn ensure_interval(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        if self.is_interval_unit() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(unsupported_unit(self, "interval"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn invalid_unit(unit: &str) -> ExprError {
+    ExprError::InvalidParam {
+        name: "unit",
+        reason: format!("unit \"{unit}\" not recognized").into(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn unsupported_unit(unit: Unit, type_: &str) -> ExprError {
     ExprError::InvalidParam {
-        name,
-        reason: format!("\"{unit}\" not recognized or supported").into(),
+        name: "unit",
+        reason: format!("unit \"{unit:?}\" not supported for type {type_}").into(),
     }
 }
 
@@ -237,99 +411,110 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_date() {
+    fn test_extract_from_date() {
         let date = Date::new(NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2021-11-22", "%Y-%m-%d").unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("DAY", date).unwrap(), 22.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("MONTH", date).unwrap(), 11.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("YEAR", date).unwrap(), 2021.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("DOW", date).unwrap(), 1.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("DOY", date).unwrap(), 326.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("MILLENNIUM", date).unwrap(), 3.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("CENTURY", date).unwrap(), 21.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("DECADE", date).unwrap(), 202.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("ISOYEAR", date).unwrap(), 2021.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("QUARTER", date).unwrap(), 4.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("WEEK", date).unwrap(), 47.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("ISODOW", date).unwrap(), 1.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("EPOCH", date).unwrap(), 1637539200.into());
-        assert_eq!(extract_from_date("JULIAN", date).unwrap(), 2_459_541.into());
+        let extract = |i| extract_from_date(date, &i).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(extract(Day), "22");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Month), "11");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Year), "2021");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Dow), "1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Doy), "326");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millennium), "3");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Century), "21");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Decade), "202");
+        assert_eq!(extract(IsoYear), "2021");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Quarter), "4");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Week), "47");
+        assert_eq!(extract(IsoDow), "1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Epoch), "1637539200");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Julian), "2459541");
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_timestamp() {
+    fn test_extract_from_time() {
+        let time: Time = "23:22:57.123450".parse().unwrap();
+        let extract = |unit| extract_from_time(time, &unit).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(extract(Hour), "23");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Minute), "22");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Second), "57.123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millisecond), "57123.450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Microsecond), "57123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Epoch), "84177.123450");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_extract_from_timestamp() {
         let ts = Timestamp::new(
             NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str("2021-11-22 12:4:2.575400", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f")
                 .unwrap(),
         );
-        let extract = |f, i| extract_from_timestamp(f, i).unwrap().to_string();
-        assert_eq!(extract("MILLENNIUM", ts), "3");
-        assert_eq!(extract("CENTURY", ts), "21");
-        assert_eq!(extract("DECADE", ts), "202");
-        assert_eq!(extract("ISOYEAR", ts), "2021");
-        assert_eq!(extract("YEAR", ts), "2021");
-        assert_eq!(extract("QUARTER", ts), "4");
-        assert_eq!(extract("MONTH", ts), "11");
-        assert_eq!(extract("WEEK", ts), "47");
-        assert_eq!(extract("DAY", ts), "22");
-        assert_eq!(extract("DOW", ts), "1");
-        assert_eq!(extract("ISODOW", ts), "1");
-        assert_eq!(extract("DOY", ts), "326");
-        assert_eq!(extract("HOUR", ts), "12");
-        assert_eq!(extract("MINUTE", ts), "4");
-        assert_eq!(extract("SECOND", ts), "2.575400");
-        assert_eq!(extract("MILLISECOND", ts), "2575.400");
-        assert_eq!(extract("MICROSECOND", ts), "2575400");
-        assert_eq!(extract("EPOCH", ts), "1637582642.575400");
-        assert_eq!(extract("JULIAN", ts), "2459541.5028075856481481481481");
+        let extract = |unit| extract_from_timestamp(ts, &unit).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millennium), "3");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Century), "21");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Decade), "202");
+        assert_eq!(extract(IsoYear), "2021");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Year), "2021");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Quarter), "4");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Month), "11");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Week), "47");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Day), "22");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Dow), "1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(IsoDow), "1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Doy), "326");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Hour), "12");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Minute), "4");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Second), "2.575400");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millisecond), "2575.400");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Microsecond), "2575400");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Epoch), "1637582642.575400");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Julian), "2459541.5028075856481481481481");
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_extract_from_time() {
-        let time: Time = "23:22:57.123450".parse().unwrap();
-        let extract = |f, i| extract_from_time(f, i).unwrap().to_string();
-        assert_eq!(extract("Hour", time), "23");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Minute", time), "22");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Second", time), "57.123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Millisecond", time), "57123.450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Microsecond", time), "57123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Epoch", time), "84177.123450");
+    fn test_extract_from_timestamptz() {
+        let ts: Timestamptz = "2023-06-01 00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
+        let extract = |unit| {
+            extract_from_timestamptz_at_timezone(ts, "pst8pdt", &unit)
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_string()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(extract(Timezone), "-25200");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Timezone_Hour), "-7");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Timezone_Minute), "0");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_extract_from_interval() {
         let interval: Interval = "2345 years 1 mon 250 days 23:22:57.123450".parse().unwrap();
-        let extract = |f, i| extract_from_interval(f, i).unwrap().to_string();
-        assert_eq!(extract("Millennium", interval), "2");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Century", interval), "23");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Decade", interval), "234");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Year", interval), "2345");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Month", interval), "1");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Day", interval), "250");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Hour", interval), "23");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Minute", interval), "22");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Second", interval), "57.123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Millisecond", interval), "57123.450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Microsecond", interval), "57123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Epoch", interval), "74026848177.123450");
-        assert!(extract_from_interval("Nanosecond", interval).is_err());
-        assert!(extract_from_interval("Week", interval).is_err());
+        let extract = |unit| extract_from_interval(interval, &unit).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millennium), "2");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Century), "23");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Decade), "234");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Year), "2345");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Month), "1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Day), "250");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Hour), "23");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Minute), "22");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Second), "57.123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millisecond), "57123.450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Microsecond), "57123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Epoch), "74026848177.123450");
 
         let interval: Interval = "-2345 years -1 mon -250 days -23:22:57.123450"
             .parse()
             .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(extract("Millennium", interval), "-2");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Century", interval), "-23");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Decade", interval), "-234");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Year", interval), "-2345");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Month", interval), "-1");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Day", interval), "-250");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Hour", interval), "-23");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Minute", interval), "-22");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Second", interval), "-57.123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Millisecond", interval), "-57123.450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Microsecond", interval), "-57123450");
-        assert_eq!(extract("Epoch", interval), "-74026848177.123450");
-        assert!(extract_from_interval("Nanosecond", interval).is_err());
-        assert!(extract_from_interval("Week", interval).is_err());
+        let extract = |unit| extract_from_interval(interval, &unit).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millennium), "-2");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Century), "-23");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Decade), "-234");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Year), "-2345");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Month), "-1");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Day), "-250");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Hour), "-23");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Minute), "-22");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Second), "-57.123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Millisecond), "-57123.450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Microsecond), "-57123450");
+        assert_eq!(extract(Epoch), "-74026848177.123450");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 0404b8f8b8768..50c276e6685c8 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         } else if (types::is_primitive(&self.ret) || self.ret == "boolean")
             && user_fn.is_pure()
             && !variadic
+            && self.prebuild.is_none()
         {
             // SIMD optimization for primitive types
             match self.args.len() {

From 31cf3f8f1b827fad5572a6a188507a01f5b396ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 11:38:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 261/430] fix(storage): fix compact_fast_runner_bytes unused
 (#12655)

---
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs | 22 +++++++++----------
 .../compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs        |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index 567edc4cdd7e9..183eac792a5ca 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -433,17 +433,17 @@ pub async fn compact(
     ) * compact_task.splits.len() as u64;
 
     tracing::info!(
-            "Ready to handle compaction group {} task: {} compact_task_statistics {:?} target_level {} compression_algorithm {:?} table_ids {:?} parallelism {} task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism {}, enable fast runner: {}",
-                compact_task.compaction_group_id,
-                compact_task.task_id,
-                compact_task_statistics,
-                compact_task.target_level,
-                compact_task.compression_algorithm,
-                compact_task.existing_table_ids,
-                parallelism,
-                task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism,
-                optimize_by_copy_block
-            );
+        "Ready to handle compaction group {} task: {} compact_task_statistics {:?} target_level {} compression_algorithm {:?} table_ids {:?} parallelism {} task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism {}, enable fast runner: {}",
+            compact_task.compaction_group_id,
+            compact_task.task_id,
+            compact_task_statistics,
+            compact_task.target_level,
+            compact_task.compression_algorithm,
+            compact_task.existing_table_ids,
+            parallelism,
+            task_memory_capacity_with_parallelism,
+            optimize_by_copy_block
+    );
 
     // If the task does not have enough memory, it should cancel the task and let the meta
     // reschedule it, so that it does not occupy the compactor's resources.
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs
index 787b12bde9c32..6dcfb0e2392cf 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/fast_compactor_runner.rs
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ impl CompactorRunner {
             total_read_bytes += sst.file_size;
         }
         self.metrics
-            .write_build_l0_bytes
+            .compact_fast_runner_bytes
             .inc_by(skip_raw_block_size);
         tracing::info!(
             "OPTIMIZATION: skip {} blocks for task-{}, optimize {}% data compression",

From da1e7bed1a6eaf2180ec4f5c57d189227ff08a99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lmatz <lmatz823@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 12:48:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 262/430] chore: update cherry pick action version (#12692)

---
 .github/workflows/cherry-pick-to-release-branch.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/cherry-pick-to-release-branch.yml b/.github/workflows/cherry-pick-to-release-branch.yml
index e98e1769630b9..026b2313d8353 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cherry-pick-to-release-branch.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cherry-pick-to-release-branch.yml
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ on:
     types: ["closed", "labeled"]
 
 jobs:
-  release_pull_request_1_1:
-    if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'need-cherry-pick-v1.1')  &&  github.event.pull_request.merged == true"
+  release_pull_request_1_3:
+    if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'need-cherry-pick-v1.3')  &&  github.event.pull_request.merged == true"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: release_pull_request
     steps:
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Create PR to branch
         uses: risingwavelabs/github-action-cherry-pick@master
         with:
-          pr_branch: 'v1.1-rc'
+          pr_branch: 'v1.3-rc'
           pr_labels: 'cherry-pick'
-          pr_body: ${{ format('Cherry picking \#{0} onto branch v1.1-rc', github.event.number) }}
+          pr_body: ${{ format('Cherry picking \#{0} onto branch v1.3-rc', github.event.number) }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 

From fbd54d89b05a27f9f8da803e0e29d3b0c4b2e366 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: minsheng <138270444+minshengcc@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 12:51:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 263/430] fix(storage): fix block format comment (#11664)

Co-authored-by: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Co-authored-by: Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
---
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
index 59ea0a6805b35..809f797bb11e8 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/block.rs
@@ -563,8 +563,8 @@ impl BlockBuilder {
     /// # Format
     ///
     /// ```plain
-    /// compressed: | entries | restart point 0 (4B) | ... | restart point N-1 (4B) | N (4B) | restart point index 0 (5B)| ... | restart point index N-1 (5B) | N (4B)
-    /// uncompressed: | compression method (1B) | crc32sum (4B) |
+    /// compressed: | entries | restart point 0 (4B) | ... | restart point N-1 (4B) | N (4B) | restart point index 0 (5B)| ... | restart point index N-1 (5B) | N (4B) | table id (4B)
+    /// uncompressed: | compression method (1B) | xxhash64 checksum (8B) |
     /// ```
     ///
     /// # Panics

From b4f357c22d825a6caad31011e718ab88c41f1bc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 00:16:27 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 264/430] feat(connector): structural logging for parsing error
 (#12659)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   2 +
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   2 +
 .../src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs      |  18 +--
 src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs        |  62 ++++----
 .../src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs   |  22 ++-
 src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs       |  21 ++-
 .../src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs      |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               | 132 ++++++++++++------
 src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs      |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/mod.rs       |   8 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs      |  92 ++----------
 src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs     |   1 +
 src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs                   |   4 +-
 15 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 199 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c08c420fbd7de..a3709bc50a332 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7308,6 +7308,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-util",
  "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tracing",
+ "tracing-futures",
+ "tracing-test",
  "url",
  "urlencoding",
  "workspace-hack",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index b322d1b6eb4b6..707fb24651995 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 tonic = { workspace = true }
 tonic_0_9 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9" }
 tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-futures = { version = "0.2", features = ["futures-03"] }
 url = "2"
 urlencoding = "2"
 
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
 prost-types = "0.12"
 rand = "0.8"
 tempfile = "3"
+tracing-test = "0.2"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 prost-build = "0.12"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
index e9d15368cbf7c..f6ddbac07ecab 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{self, ProtocolError};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use simd_json::{BorrowedValue, Mutable, ValueAccess};
@@ -89,24 +90,23 @@ impl CanalJsonParser {
                     "'data' is missing for creating event".to_string(),
                 ))
             })?;
+
         let mut errors = Vec::new();
-        let mut guard = None;
         for event in events.drain(..) {
             let accessor = JsonAccess::new_with_options(event, &JsonParseOptions::CANAL);
             match apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer((op, accessor), &mut writer) {
-                Ok(this_guard) => guard = Some(this_guard),
+                Ok(_) => {}
                 Err(err) => errors.push(err),
             }
         }
-        if let Some(guard) = guard {
-            if !errors.is_empty() {
-                tracing::error!(?errors, "failed to parse some columns");
-            }
-            Ok(guard)
+
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(())
         } else {
             Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
-                "failed to parse all columns: {:?}",
-                errors
+                "failed to parse {} row(s) in a single canal json message: {}",
+                errors.len(),
+                errors.iter().join(", ")
             ))))
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
index 238595f82c1f1..da8882eaf1ed6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
@@ -12,22 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{InternalError, ProtocolError};
+use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Datum, Decimal, ScalarImpl, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
+use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Decimal, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
 
+use super::unified::{AccessError, AccessResult};
 use super::{ByteStreamSourceParser, CsvProperties};
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::SourceStreamChunkRowWriter;
 use crate::source::{DataType, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
-macro_rules! to_rust_type {
+macro_rules! parse {
     ($v:ident, $t:ty) => {
-        $v.parse::<$t>()
-            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("failed parse {} from {}", stringify!($t), $v))?
+        $v.parse::<$t>().map_err(|_| AccessError::TypeError {
+            expected: stringify!($t).to_owned(),
+            got: "string".to_owned(),
+            value: $v.to_string(),
+        })
     };
 }
 
@@ -74,29 +75,26 @@ impl CsvParser {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn parse_string(dtype: &DataType, v: String) -> Result<Datum> {
+    fn parse_string(dtype: &DataType, v: String) -> AccessResult {
         let v = match dtype {
             // mysql use tinyint to represent boolean
-            DataType::Boolean => ScalarImpl::Bool(to_rust_type!(v, i16) != 0),
-            DataType::Int16 => ScalarImpl::Int16(to_rust_type!(v, i16)),
-            DataType::Int32 => ScalarImpl::Int32(to_rust_type!(v, i32)),
-            DataType::Int64 => ScalarImpl::Int64(to_rust_type!(v, i64)),
-            DataType::Float32 => ScalarImpl::Float32(to_rust_type!(v, f32).into()),
-            DataType::Float64 => ScalarImpl::Float64(to_rust_type!(v, f64).into()),
+            DataType::Boolean => (parse!(v, i16)? != 0).into(),
+            DataType::Int16 => parse!(v, i16)?.into(),
+            DataType::Int32 => parse!(v, i32)?.into(),
+            DataType::Int64 => parse!(v, i64)?.into(),
+            DataType::Float32 => parse!(v, f32)?.into(),
+            DataType::Float64 => parse!(v, f64)?.into(),
             // FIXME: decimal should have more precision than f64
-            DataType::Decimal => Decimal::from_str(v.as_str())
-                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("parse decimal from string err {}", v))?
-                .into(),
+            DataType::Decimal => parse!(v, Decimal)?.into(),
             DataType::Varchar => v.into(),
-            DataType::Date => ScalarImpl::Date(to_rust_type!(v, Date)),
-            DataType::Time => ScalarImpl::Time(to_rust_type!(v, Time)),
-            DataType::Timestamp => ScalarImpl::Timestamp(to_rust_type!(v, Timestamp)),
-            DataType::Timestamptz => ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(to_rust_type!(v, Timestamptz)),
+            DataType::Date => parse!(v, Date)?.into(),
+            DataType::Time => parse!(v, Time)?.into(),
+            DataType::Timestamp => parse!(v, Timestamp)?.into(),
+            DataType::Timestamptz => parse!(v, Timestamptz)?.into(),
             _ => {
-                return Err(RwError::from(InternalError(format!(
-                    "CSV data source not support type {}",
-                    dtype
-                ))))
+                return Err(AccessError::UnsupportedType {
+                    ty: dtype.to_string(),
+                })
             }
         };
         Ok(Some(v))
@@ -109,12 +107,12 @@ impl CsvParser {
         mut writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut fields = self.read_row(&payload)?;
+
         if let Some(headers) = &mut self.headers {
             if headers.is_empty() {
                 *headers = fields;
-                // Here we want a row, but got nothing. So it's an error for the `parse_inner` but
-                // has no bad impact on the system.
-                return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError("This message indicates a header, no row will be inserted. However, internal parser state was updated.".to_string())));
+                // The header row does not output a row, so we return early.
+                return Ok(());
             }
             writer.insert(|desc| {
                 if let Some(i) = headers.iter().position(|name| name == &desc.name) {
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ impl CsvParser {
                 } else {
                     Ok(None)
                 }
-            })
+            })?;
         } else {
             fields.reverse();
             writer.insert(|desc| {
@@ -138,8 +136,10 @@ impl CsvParser {
                 } else {
                     Ok(None)
                 }
-            })
+            })?;
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
index e98a57650d308..0fab32bc1adb9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ impl DebeziumParser {
                 if let Ok(transaction_control) = row_op.transaction_control() {
                     Ok(ParseResult::TransactionControl(transaction_control))
                 } else {
-                    Err(err)
+                    Err(err)?
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
index 5d8738a3fa865..cd10fb2dc21f5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl DebeziumMongoJsonParser {
 
         let row_op = DebeziumChangeEvent::with_value(MongoProjection::new(accessor));
 
-        apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, &mut writer)
+        apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, &mut writer).map_err(Into::into)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
index 40befaf0f60e7..ca4313c43edcb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -447,7 +447,9 @@ mod tests {
             assert_json_eq(&row[12], "{\"k1\": \"v1_updated\", \"k2\": 33}");
         }
 
+        #[cfg(not(madsim))] // Traced test does not work with madsim
         #[tokio::test]
+        #[tracing_test::traced_test]
         async fn test2_debezium_json_parser_overflow() {
             let columns = vec![
                 SourceColumnDesc::simple("O_KEY", DataType::Int64, ColumnId::from(0)),
@@ -478,23 +480,19 @@ mod tests {
                     r#"{{"payload":{{"before":null,"after":{{"O_KEY":{},"O_BOOL":{},"O_TINY":{},"O_INT":{},"O_REAL":{},"O_DOUBLE":{}}},"source":{{"version":"1.9.7.Final","connector":"mysql","name":"RW_CDC_test.orders","ts_ms":1678158055000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test","sequence":null,"table":"orders","server_id":223344,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":637,"row":0,"thread":4,"query":null}},"op":"c","ts_ms":1678158055464,"transaction":null}}}}"#,
                     values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3], values[4], values[5]
                 ).as_bytes().to_vec();
-                let e = parser
+
+                let res = parser
                     .parse_inner(None, Some(data), builder.row_writer())
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap_err();
-                println!("{}", e);
+                    .await;
                 if i < 5 {
                     // For other overflow, the parsing succeeds but the type conversion fails
-                    assert!(
-                        e.to_string().contains("AccessError: TypeError"),
-                        "i={i}, actual error: {e}"
-                    );
+                    // The errors are ignored and logged.
+                    res.unwrap();
+                    assert!(logs_contain("Expected type"), "{i}");
                 } else {
                     // For f64 overflow, the parsing fails
-                    assert!(
-                        e.to_string().contains("InvalidNumber"),
-                        "i={i}, actual error: {e}"
-                    );
+                    let e = res.unwrap_err();
+                    assert!(e.to_string().contains("InvalidNumber"), "{i}: {e}");
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
index b3e108a242ab7..c173599f7d501 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use apache_avro::Schema;
+use itertools::{Either, Itertools};
 use jst::{convert_avro, Context};
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{self, InternalError, ProtocolError};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
@@ -111,29 +112,27 @@ impl JsonParser {
         let value = simd_json::to_borrowed_value(&mut payload[self.payload_start_idx..])
             .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(e.to_string())))?;
         let values = if let simd_json::BorrowedValue::Array(arr) = value {
-            arr
+            Either::Left(arr.into_iter())
         } else {
-            vec![value]
+            Either::Right(std::iter::once(value))
         };
+
         let mut errors = Vec::new();
-        let mut guard = None;
         for value in values {
             let accessor = JsonAccess::new(value);
             match apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(accessor, &mut writer) {
-                Ok(this_guard) => guard = Some(this_guard),
+                Ok(_) => {}
                 Err(err) => errors.push(err),
             }
         }
 
-        if let Some(guard) = guard {
-            if !errors.is_empty() {
-                tracing::error!(?errors, "failed to parse some columns");
-            }
-            Ok(guard)
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(())
         } else {
             Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
-                "failed to parse all columns: {:?}",
-                errors
+                "failed to parse {} row(s) in a single json message: {}",
+                errors.len(),
+                errors.iter().join(", ")
             ))))
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
index 0980472021bff..8bee0bbfef1e5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl MaxwellParser {
         let payload_accessor = self.payload_builder.generate_accessor(payload).await?;
         let row_op = MaxwellChangeEvent::new(payload_accessor);
 
-        apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, &mut writer)
+        apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, &mut writer).map_err(Into::into)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 7446f76a600b8..45c62609f5bf0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     SchemaRegistryNameStrategy as PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, StreamSourceInfo,
 };
 pub use schema_registry::name_strategy_from_str;
+use tracing_futures::Instrument;
 
 use self::avro::AvroAccessBuilder;
 use self::bytes_parser::BytesAccessBuilder;
 pub use self::mysql::mysql_row_to_datums;
 use self::plain_parser::PlainParser;
 use self::simd_json_parser::DebeziumJsonAccessBuilder;
-use self::unified::AccessImpl;
+use self::unified::{AccessImpl, AccessResult};
 use self::upsert_parser::UpsertParser;
 use self::util::get_kafka_topic;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
@@ -128,6 +129,13 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkBuilder {
 
 /// `SourceStreamChunkRowWriter` is responsible to write one or more records to the [`StreamChunk`],
 /// where each contains either one row (Insert/Delete) or two rows (Update) that can be written atomically.
+///
+/// Callers are supposed to call one of the `insert`, `delete` or `update` methods to write a record,
+/// providing a closure that produces one or two [`Datum`]s by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
+/// Specifically,
+/// - only columns with [`SourceColumnType::Normal`] need to be handled;
+/// - errors for non-primary key columns will be ignored and filled with default value instead;
+/// - other errors will be propagated.
 pub struct SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a> {
     descs: &'a [SourceColumnDesc],
     builders: &'a mut [ArrayBuilderImpl],
@@ -282,15 +290,33 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
 impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
     fn do_action<A: OpAction>(
         &mut self,
-        mut f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<A::Output>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut f_with_meta = |desc: &SourceColumnDesc| {
+        mut f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> AccessResult<A::Output>,
+    ) -> AccessResult<()> {
+        let mut wrapped_f = |desc: &SourceColumnDesc| {
             if let Some(meta_value) =
                 (self.row_meta.as_ref()).and_then(|row_meta| row_meta.value_for_column(desc))
             {
+                // For meta columns, fill in the meta data.
                 Ok(A::output_for(meta_value))
             } else {
-                f(desc)
+                // For normal columns, call the user provided closure.
+                match f(desc) {
+                    Ok(output) => Ok(output),
+
+                    // Throw error for failed access to primary key columns.
+                    Err(e) if desc.is_pk => Err(e),
+                    // Ignore error for other columns and fill in `NULL` instead.
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        // TODO: figure out a way to fill in not-null default value if user specifies one
+                        // TODO: decide whether the error should not be ignored (e.g., even not a valid Debezium message)
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            %error,
+                            column = desc.name,
+                            "failed to parse non-pk column, padding with `NULL`"
+                        );
+                        Ok(A::output_for(Datum::None))
+                    }
+                }
             }
         };
 
@@ -300,7 +326,7 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
         let result = (self.descs.iter())
             .zip_eq_fast(self.builders.iter_mut())
             .try_for_each(|(desc, builder)| {
-                f_with_meta(desc).map(|output| {
+                wrapped_f(desc).map(|output| {
                     A::apply(builder, output);
                     applied_columns.push(builder);
                 })
@@ -312,7 +338,6 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
                 Ok(())
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::warn!("failed to parse source data: {}", e);
                 for builder in applied_columns {
                     A::rollback(builder);
                 }
@@ -321,36 +346,36 @@ impl SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Write an `Insert` record to the [`StreamChunk`].
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
+    /// Write an `Insert` record to the [`StreamChunk`], with the given fallible closure that
+    /// produces one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
     ///
-    /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
-    ///   Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>) -> Result<()> {
+    /// See the [struct-level documentation](SourceStreamChunkRowWriter) for more details.
+    pub fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> AccessResult<Datum>,
+    ) -> AccessResult<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionInsert>(f)
     }
 
-    /// Write a `Delete` record to the [`StreamChunk`].
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
+    /// Write a `Delete` record to the [`StreamChunk`], with the given fallible closure that
+    /// produces one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
     ///
-    /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced one [`Datum`] by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
-    ///   Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<Datum>) -> Result<()> {
+    /// See the [struct-level documentation](SourceStreamChunkRowWriter) for more details.
+    pub fn delete(
+        &mut self,
+        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> AccessResult<Datum>,
+    ) -> AccessResult<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionDelete>(f)
     }
 
-    /// Write a `Update` record to the [`StreamChunk`].
+    /// Write a `Update` record to the [`StreamChunk`], with the given fallible closure that
+    /// produces two [`Datum`]s as old and new value by corresponding [`SourceColumnDesc`].
     ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `f`: A failable closure that produced two [`Datum`]s as old and new value by corresponding
-    ///   [`SourceColumnDesc`]. Callers only need to handle columns with the type [`SourceColumnType::Normal`].
+    /// See the [struct-level documentation](SourceStreamChunkRowWriter) for more details.
     pub fn update(
         &mut self,
-        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> Result<(Datum, Datum)>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+        f: impl FnMut(&SourceColumnDesc) -> AccessResult<(Datum, Datum)>,
+    ) -> AccessResult<()> {
         self.do_action::<OpActionUpdate>(f)
     }
 }
@@ -380,7 +405,9 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
     /// The source context, used to report parsing error.
     fn source_ctx(&self) -> &SourceContext;
 
-    /// Parse one record from the given `payload` and write it to the `writer`.
+    /// Parse one record from the given `payload` and write rows to the `writer`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns error if **any** of the rows in the message failed to parse.
     fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
@@ -388,11 +415,13 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
         writer: SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'a>,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'a;
 
-    /// Parse one record from the given `payload`, either write it to the `writer` or interpret it
+    /// Parse one record from the given `payload`, either write rows to the `writer` or interpret it
     /// as a transaction control message.
     ///
     /// The default implementation forwards to [`ByteStreamSourceParser::parse_one`] for
     /// non-transactional sources.
+    ///
+    /// Returns error if **any** of the rows in the message failed to parse.
     fn parse_one_with_txn<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
@@ -402,7 +431,10 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
         self.parse_one(key, payload, writer)
             .map_ok(|_| ParseResult::Rows)
     }
+}
 
+#[easy_ext::ext(SourceParserIntoStreamExt)]
+impl<P: ByteStreamSourceParser> P {
     /// Parse a data stream of one source split into a stream of [`StreamChunk`].
     ///
     /// # Arguments
@@ -411,9 +443,17 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
     ///
     /// # Returns
     ///
-    /// A [`crate::source::BoxSourceWithStateStream`] which is a stream of parsed msgs.
-    fn into_stream(self, data_stream: BoxSourceStream) -> impl SourceWithStateStream {
-        into_chunk_stream(self, data_stream)
+    /// A [`SourceWithStateStream`] which is a stream of parsed messages.
+    pub fn into_stream(self, data_stream: BoxSourceStream) -> impl SourceWithStateStream {
+        // Enable tracing to provide more information for parsing failures.
+        let source_info = &self.source_ctx().source_info;
+        let span = tracing::info_span!(
+            "source_parser",
+            actor_id = source_info.actor_id,
+            source_id = source_info.source_id.table_id()
+        );
+
+        into_chunk_stream(self, data_stream).instrument(span)
     }
 }
 
@@ -474,6 +514,11 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
             if msg.key.is_none() && msg.payload.is_none() {
                 continue;
             }
+            let parse_span = tracing::info_span!(
+                "parse_one",
+                split_id = msg.split_id.as_ref(),
+                offset = msg.offset
+            );
 
             split_offset_mapping.insert(msg.split_id, msg.offset.clone());
 
@@ -487,9 +532,12 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
                         offset: msg.offset,
                     }),
                 )
+                .instrument(parse_span.clone())
                 .await
             {
-                Ok(ParseResult::Rows) => {
+                // It's possible that parsing multiple rows in a single message PARTIALLY failed.
+                // We still have to maintain the row number in this case.
+                res @ (Ok(ParseResult::Rows) | Err(_)) => {
                     // The number of rows added to the builder.
                     let num = builder.op_num() - old_op_num;
 
@@ -497,20 +545,25 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
                     if let Some(Transaction { len, .. }) = &mut current_transaction {
                         *len += num;
                     }
+
+                    if let Err(error) = res {
+                        tracing::error!(parent: &parse_span, %error, "failed to parse message, skipping");
+                        parser.source_ctx().report_user_source_error(error);
+                    }
                 }
 
                 Ok(ParseResult::TransactionControl(txn_ctl)) => {
                     match txn_ctl {
                         TransactionControl::Begin { id } => {
                             if let Some(Transaction { id: current_id, .. }) = &current_transaction {
-                                tracing::warn!(current_id, id, "already in transaction");
+                                tracing::warn!(parent: &parse_span, current_id, id, "already in transaction");
                             }
                             current_transaction = Some(Transaction { id, len: 0 });
                         }
                         TransactionControl::Commit { id } => {
                             let current_id = current_transaction.as_ref().map(|t| &t.id);
                             if current_id != Some(&id) {
-                                tracing::warn!(?current_id, id, "transaction id mismatch");
+                                tracing::warn!(parent: &parse_span, ?current_id, id, "transaction id mismatch");
                             }
                             current_transaction = None;
                         }
@@ -526,13 +579,6 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
                         };
                     }
                 }
-
-                Err(error) => {
-                    tracing::warn!(%error, "message parsing failed, skipping");
-                    // Skip for batch
-                    parser.source_ctx().report_user_source_error(error);
-                    continue;
-                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -614,11 +660,11 @@ pub enum ByteStreamSourceParserImpl {
     CanalJson(CanalJsonParser),
 }
 
-pub type ParserStream = impl SourceWithStateStream + Unpin;
+pub type ParsedStreamImpl = impl SourceWithStateStream + Unpin;
 
 impl ByteStreamSourceParserImpl {
     /// Converts this parser into a stream of [`StreamChunk`].
-    pub fn into_stream(self, msg_stream: BoxSourceStream) -> ParserStream {
+    pub fn into_stream(self, msg_stream: BoxSourceStream) -> ParsedStreamImpl {
         #[auto_enum(futures03::Stream)]
         let stream = match self {
             Self::Csv(parser) => parser.into_stream(msg_stream),
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
index 53f87660de031..0b42b1e66ab7c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl PlainParser {
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let accessor = self.payload_builder.generate_accessor(payload).await?;
 
-        apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(accessor, &mut writer)
+        apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(accessor, &mut writer).map_err(Into::into)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/mod.rs
index 39ea6acfb3c7d..b76f22e59d58d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/mod.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub mod protobuf;
 pub mod upsert;
 pub mod util;
 
-pub type AccessResult = std::result::Result<Datum, AccessError>;
+pub type AccessResult<T = Datum> = std::result::Result<T, AccessError>;
 
 /// Access a certain field in an object according to the path
 pub trait Access {
@@ -87,14 +87,16 @@ where
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum AccessError {
-    #[error("Undefined {name} at {path}")]
+    #[error("Undefined field `{name}` at `{path}`")]
     Undefined { name: String, path: String },
-    #[error("TypeError {expected} expected, got {got} {value}")]
+    #[error("Expected type `{expected}` but got `{got}` for `{value}`")]
     TypeError {
         expected: String,
         got: String,
         value: String,
     },
+    #[error("Unsupported data type `{ty}`")]
+    UnsupportedType { ty: String },
     #[error(transparent)]
     Other(#[from] anyhow::Error),
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
index 38b83a3fc00d2..92cf5da3ac81c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/unified/util.rs
@@ -13,73 +13,28 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 
-use super::{Access, AccessError, ChangeEvent};
+use super::{Access, AccessError, AccessResult, ChangeEvent};
 use crate::parser::unified::ChangeEventOperation;
 use crate::parser::SourceStreamChunkRowWriter;
-
-pub fn apply_delete_on_stream_chunk_writer(
-    row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
-    writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
-    writer.delete(|column| {
-        let res = row_op.access_field(&column.name, &column.data_type);
-        match res {
-            Ok(datum) => Ok(datum),
-            Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(name=column.name, data_type=%column.data_type, err=%e, "delete column error");
-                if column.is_pk {
-                    // It should be an error when pk column is missing in the message
-                    Err(e)?
-                } else {
-                    Ok(None)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-pub fn apply_upsert_on_stream_chunk_writer(
-    row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
-    writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
-    writer.insert(|column| {
-        let res = match row_op.access_field(&column.name, &column.data_type) {
-            Ok(o) => Ok(o),
-            Err(AccessError::Undefined { name, .. }) if !column.is_pk && name == column.name => {
-                // Fill in null value for non-pk column
-                // TODO: figure out a way to fill in not-null default value if user specifies one
-                Ok(None)
-            }
-            Err(e) => Err(e),
-        };
-        tracing::trace!(
-            "inserted {:?} {:?} is_pk:{:?} {:?} ",
-            &column.name,
-            &column.data_type,
-            &column.is_pk,
-            res
-        );
-        Ok(res?)
-    })
-}
+use crate::source::SourceColumnDesc;
 
 pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
     op: ChangeEventOperation,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
+) -> AccessResult<()> {
+    let f = |column: &SourceColumnDesc| row_op.access_field(&column.name, &column.data_type);
     match op {
-        ChangeEventOperation::Upsert => apply_upsert_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, writer),
-        ChangeEventOperation::Delete => apply_delete_on_stream_chunk_writer(row_op, writer),
+        ChangeEventOperation::Upsert => writer.insert(f),
+        ChangeEventOperation::Delete => writer.delete(f),
     }
 }
 
 pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     row_op: impl ChangeEvent,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> std::result::Result<(), RwError> {
+) -> AccessResult<()> {
     let op = row_op.op()?;
     apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(row_op, writer, op)
 }
@@ -87,37 +42,8 @@ pub fn apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer(
 pub fn apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer(
     accessor: impl Access,
     writer: &mut SourceStreamChunkRowWriter<'_>,
-) -> Result<(), RwError> {
-    writer.insert(|column| {
-        let res: Result<Datum, RwError> = match accessor
-            .access(&[&column.name], Some(&column.data_type))
-        {
-            Ok(o) => Ok(o),
-            Err(AccessError::Undefined { name, .. }) if !column.is_pk && name == column.name => {
-                // Fill in null value for non-pk column
-                // TODO: figure out a way to fill in not-null default value if user specifies one
-                Ok(None)
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                // if want to discard the row, return Err(e) here
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    "access error when fetch {} with type {}, err {:?}. Fill None instead.",
-                    &column.name,
-                    &column.data_type,
-                    e
-                );
-                Ok(None)
-            }
-        };
-        tracing::trace!(
-            "inserted {:?} {:?} is_pk:{:?} {:?} ",
-            &column.name,
-            &column.data_type,
-            &column.is_pk,
-            res
-        );
-        res
-    })
+) -> AccessResult<()> {
+    writer.insert(|column| accessor.access(&[&column.name], Some(&column.data_type)))
 }
 
 impl From<AccessError> for RwError {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
index 381e429565d11..edc250947d754 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ impl UpsertParser {
         }
 
         apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer_with_op(row_op, &mut writer, change_event_op)
+            .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
index cd3ee0360009f..e59225c8de510 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
@@ -688,9 +688,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         };
 
         // Tracing related stuff
-        prev_epoch.span().in_scope(|| {
-            tracing::info!(target: "rw_tracing", epoch = curr_epoch.value().0, "new barrier enqueued");
-        });
+        tracing::info!(target: "rw_tracing", parent: prev_epoch.span(), epoch = curr_epoch.value().0, "new barrier enqueued");
         span.record("epoch", curr_epoch.value().0);
 
         let command_ctx = Arc::new(CommandContext::new(

From 54e8c759a295ff9ac6888b34520bdb1c48a6c363 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hengm3467 <100685635+hengm3467@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 13:54:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 265/430] chore: Update Slack link in README.md (#12697)

---
 README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d63369b0200a6..dbeb2b15ee171 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   </picture>
 </p>
 
-[![Slack](https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack)](https://join.slack.com/t/risingwave-community/shared_invite/zt-120rft0mr-d8uGk3d~NZiZAQWPnElOfw)
+[![Slack](https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack)](https://risingwave-community.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1afreobhd-5Npy1oIpUWvDA~Od6zPxTA#/shared-invite/email)
 [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/9394d2bca0f87e2e97aa78b25f765c92d4207c0b65e7f6648f.svg)](https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=EB44K9K38B)](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave)
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ To learn about how to use RisingWave, refer to [RisingWave User Documentation](h
 
 ## Community
 
-Looking for help, discussions, collaboration opportunities, or a casual afternoon chat with our fellow engineers and community members? Join our [Slack workspace](https://join.slack.com/t/risingwave-community/shared_invite/zt-120rft0mr-d8uGk3d~NZiZAQWPnElOfw)!
+Looking for help, discussions, collaboration opportunities, or a casual afternoon chat with our fellow engineers and community members? Join our [Slack workspace](https://risingwave-community.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1afreobhd-5Npy1oIpUWvDA~Od6zPxTA#/shared-invite/email)!
 
 ## License
 

From 456f3e98d7a00e3c383f8b03ee40b5da09af58d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 14:20:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 266/430] chore(storage): upgrade write limit (#12658)

---
 .../manager/compaction_group_manager.rs       | 17 ++++---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           | 44 ++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
index 20bf9407d1121..b873a55e8d6ce 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
@@ -386,8 +386,9 @@ impl HummockManager {
         &self,
         compaction_group_ids: &[CompactionGroupId],
         config_to_update: &[MutableConfig],
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.compaction_group_manager
+    ) -> Result<Vec<CompactionGroup>> {
+        let result = self
+            .compaction_group_manager
             .write()
             .await
             .update_compaction_config(
@@ -402,7 +403,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         {
             self.try_update_write_limits(compaction_group_ids).await;
         }
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(result)
     }
 
     /// Gets complete compaction group info.
@@ -801,13 +802,14 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
         self.default_config.clone()
     }
 
-    async fn update_compaction_config<S: MetaStore>(
+    pub async fn update_compaction_config<S: MetaStore>(
         &mut self,
         compaction_group_ids: &[CompactionGroupId],
         config_to_update: &[MutableConfig],
         meta_store: &S,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    ) -> Result<Vec<CompactionGroup>> {
         let mut compaction_groups = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut self.compaction_groups);
+        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(compaction_group_ids.len());
         for compaction_group_id in compaction_group_ids.iter().unique() {
             let group = compaction_groups.get(compaction_group_id).ok_or_else(|| {
                 Error::CompactionGroup(format!("invalid group {}", *compaction_group_id))
@@ -819,14 +821,15 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
             }
             let mut new_group = group.clone();
             new_group.compaction_config = Arc::new(config);
-            compaction_groups.insert(*compaction_group_id, new_group);
+            compaction_groups.insert(*compaction_group_id, new_group.clone());
+            result.push(new_group);
         }
 
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
         compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
         meta_store.txn(trx).await?;
         compaction_groups.commit();
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(result)
     }
 
     /// Initializes the config for a group.
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index bded17217d360..29dd913df7a31 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use futures::stream::{BoxStream, FuturesUnordered};
 use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use risingwave_common::config::default::compaction_config;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::rwlock::MonitoredRwLock;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, INVALID_EPOCH};
 use risingwave_common::util::{pending_on_none, select_all};
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{
 };
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{self, TaskStatus, TaskType};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::group_delta::DeltaType;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::rise_ctl_update_compaction_config_request::mutable_config;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::{
     Event as RequestEvent, HeartBeat, PullTask, ReportTask,
 };
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         versioning_guard.mark_objects_for_deletion();
 
         let all_group_ids = get_compaction_group_ids(&versioning_guard.current_version);
-        let configs = self
+        let mut configs = self
             .compaction_group_manager
             .write()
             .await
@@ -520,6 +522,46 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 self.env.meta_store(),
             )
             .await?;
+
+        // We've already lowered the default limit for write limit in PR-12183, and to prevent older clusters from continuing to use the outdated configuration, we've introduced a new logic to rewrite it in a uniform way.
+        let mut rewrite_cg_ids = vec![];
+        for (cg_id, compaction_group_config) in &mut configs {
+            // update write limit
+            let relaxed_default_write_stop_level_count = 1000;
+            if compaction_group_config
+                .compaction_config
+                .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count
+                == relaxed_default_write_stop_level_count
+            {
+                rewrite_cg_ids.push(*cg_id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !rewrite_cg_ids.is_empty() {
+            tracing::info!("Compaction group {:?} configs rewrite ", rewrite_cg_ids);
+
+            // update meta store
+            let result = self
+                .compaction_group_manager
+                .write()
+                .await
+                .update_compaction_config(
+                    &rewrite_cg_ids,
+                    &[
+                        mutable_config::MutableConfig::Level0StopWriteThresholdSubLevelNumber(
+                            compaction_config::level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number(),
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    self.env.meta_store(),
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            // update memory
+            for new_config in result {
+                configs.insert(new_config.group_id(), new_config);
+            }
+        }
+
         versioning_guard.write_limit =
             calc_new_write_limits(configs, HashMap::new(), &versioning_guard.current_version);
         trigger_write_stop_stats(&self.metrics, &versioning_guard.write_limit);

From 2a7ef0d808f17a0e82ee72e6376e7f77c2ba07aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 14:32:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 267/430] fix(log-store): handle unaligned epoch after recovery
 (#12407)

---
 .../common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs | 248 +++++++++--
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs     |   6 +-
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs      | 392 ++++++++++++------
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs | 160 +++++--
 src/stream/src/common/table/test_utils.rs     |  43 ++
 5 files changed, 660 insertions(+), 189 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index a84850b04f069..c93cd2e36eae4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogStoreFactory for KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
+    use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
     use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
     use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
         LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreReadItem, LogWriter, TruncateOffset,
@@ -111,7 +115,8 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
-        gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
+        calculate_vnode_bitmap, check_rows_eq, check_stream_chunk_eq,
+        gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks, gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
 
@@ -129,17 +134,18 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
 
+        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
+        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let bitmap = calculate_vnode_bitmap(stream_chunk1.rows().chain(stream_chunk2.rows()));
+
         let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
-            None,
+            Some(Arc::new(bitmap)),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
-        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
-        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
-
         let epoch1 = test_env
             .storage
             .get_pinned_version()
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -219,17 +225,19 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
 
+        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
+        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let bitmap = calculate_vnode_bitmap(stream_chunk1.rows().chain(stream_chunk2.rows()));
+        let bitmap = Arc::new(bitmap);
+
         let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
-            None,
+            Some(bitmap.clone()),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
-        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
-        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
-
         let epoch1 = test_env
             .storage
             .get_pinned_version()
@@ -259,7 +267,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -279,7 +287,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -310,7 +318,7 @@ mod tests {
         let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
-            None,
+            Some(bitmap),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -328,7 +336,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -348,7 +356,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -375,18 +383,27 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
 
+        let stream_chunk1_1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
+        let stream_chunk1_2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(20);
+        let stream_chunk3 = gen_stream_chunk(20);
+        let bitmap = calculate_vnode_bitmap(
+            stream_chunk1_1
+                .rows()
+                .chain(stream_chunk1_2.rows())
+                .chain(stream_chunk2.rows())
+                .chain(stream_chunk3.rows()),
+        );
+        let bitmap = Arc::new(bitmap);
+
         let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
-            None,
+            Some(bitmap.clone()),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
-        let stream_chunk1_1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
-        let stream_chunk1_2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
-        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(20);
-
         let epoch1 = test_env
             .storage
             .get_pinned_version()
@@ -415,7 +432,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_1, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1_1, &read_stream_chunk));
                 chunk_id
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -429,7 +446,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1_2, &read_stream_chunk));
                 chunk_id
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -452,7 +469,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -491,7 +508,7 @@ mod tests {
         let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
-            None,
+            Some(bitmap),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -500,7 +517,7 @@ mod tests {
             .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch3))
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let stream_chunk3 = gen_stream_chunk(30);
+
         writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk3.clone()).await.unwrap();
 
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
@@ -513,7 +530,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk1_2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1_2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -533,7 +550,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk2, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk2, &read_stream_chunk));
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -553,7 +570,180 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ) => {
                 assert_eq!(epoch, epoch3);
-                assert_eq!(stream_chunk3, read_stream_chunk);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk3, &read_stream_chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_vnode_recover() {
+        let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
+
+        let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
+
+        test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
+
+        fn build_bitmap(indexes: impl Iterator<Item = usize>) -> Arc<Bitmap> {
+            let mut builder = BitmapBuilder::zeroed(VirtualNode::COUNT);
+            for i in indexes {
+                builder.set(i, true);
+            }
+            Arc::new(builder.finish())
+        }
+
+        let vnodes1 = build_bitmap((0..VirtualNode::COUNT).filter(|i| i % 2 == 0));
+        let vnodes2 = build_bitmap((0..VirtualNode::COUNT).filter(|i| i % 2 == 1));
+
+        let factory1 =
+            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes1), 10);
+        let factory2 =
+            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes2), 10);
+        let (mut reader1, mut writer1) = factory1.build().await;
+        let (mut reader2, mut writer2) = factory2.build().await;
+
+        let epoch1 = test_env
+            .storage
+            .get_pinned_version()
+            .version()
+            .max_committed_epoch
+            + 1;
+        writer1
+            .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        writer2
+            .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        reader1.init().await.unwrap();
+        reader2.init().await.unwrap();
+        let [chunk1_1, chunk1_2] = gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks::<2>(0, 100);
+        writer1.write_chunk(chunk1_1.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        writer2.write_chunk(chunk1_2.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        let epoch2 = epoch1 + 1;
+        writer1.flush_current_epoch(epoch2, false).await.unwrap();
+        writer2.flush_current_epoch(epoch2, false).await.unwrap();
+        let [chunk2_1, chunk2_2] = gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks::<2>(200, 100);
+        writer1.write_chunk(chunk2_1.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        writer2.write_chunk(chunk2_2.clone()).await.unwrap();
+
+        match reader1.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&chunk1_1, &chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        match reader1.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(!is_checkpoint);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match reader2.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&chunk1_2, &chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader2.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(!is_checkpoint);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        // Only reader1 will truncate
+        reader1
+            .truncate(TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: epoch1 })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        match reader1.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&chunk2_1, &chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader2.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&chunk2_2, &chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        let epoch3 = epoch2 + 1;
+        writer1.flush_current_epoch(epoch3, true).await.unwrap();
+        writer2.flush_current_epoch(epoch3, true).await.unwrap();
+
+        match reader1.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(is_checkpoint);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader2.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(is_checkpoint);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        // Truncation of reader1 on epoch1 should work because it is before this sync
+        test_env.storage.seal_epoch(epoch1, false);
+        test_env.commit_epoch(epoch2).await;
+        test_env
+            .storage
+            .try_wait_epoch(HummockReadEpoch::Committed(epoch2))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Recovery
+        test_env.storage.clear_shared_buffer().await.unwrap();
+
+        let vnodes = build_bitmap(0..VirtualNode::COUNT);
+        let factory =
+            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes), 10);
+        let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
+        writer.init(EpochPair::new(epoch3, epoch2)).await.unwrap();
+        reader.init().await.unwrap();
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&chunk1_2, &chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(!is_checkpoint);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(check_rows_eq(
+                    chunk2_1.rows().chain(chunk2_2.rows()),
+                    chunk.rows()
+                ));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                assert!(is_checkpoint);
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index 4336c3d961626..f8dfa5850af9a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::{
     LogStoreBufferItem, LogStoreBufferReceiver,
 };
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::{
-    new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
+    merge_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemMergeStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
 };
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
     first_write_epoch: Option<u64>,
 
     /// `Some` means consuming historical log data
-    state_store_stream: Option<Pin<Box<LogStoreItemStream<S::IterStream>>>>,
+    state_store_stream: Option<Pin<Box<LogStoreItemMergeStream<S::IterStream>>>>,
 
     latest_offset: TruncateOffset,
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             "should not init twice"
         );
         // TODO: set chunk size by config
-        self.state_store_stream = Some(Box::pin(new_log_store_item_stream(
+        self.state_store_stream = Some(Box::pin(merge_log_store_item_stream(
             streams,
             self.serde.clone(),
             1024,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
index 2aa01c42af196..a875206fa29e6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use futures::stream::{FuturesUnordered, StreamFuture};
+use futures::stream::{FuturesUnordered, Peekable, StreamFuture};
 use futures::{pin_mut, Stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::LogStoreResult;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{next_key, TableKey};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
+use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::row_serde_util::serialize_pk_with_vnode;
 use risingwave_storage::row_serde::value_serde::ValueRowSerdeNew;
 use risingwave_storage::store::StateStoreReadIterStream;
@@ -371,14 +372,18 @@ pub(crate) enum KvLogStoreItem {
     Barrier { is_checkpoint: bool },
 }
 
+type BoxPeekableLogStoreItemStream<S> = Pin<Box<Peekable<LogStoreItemStream<S>>>>;
+
 struct LogStoreRowOpStream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> {
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
 
     /// Streams that have not reached a barrier
-    row_streams: FuturesUnordered<StreamFuture<Pin<Box<S>>>>,
+    row_streams: FuturesUnordered<StreamFuture<BoxPeekableLogStoreItemStream<S>>>,
 
     /// Streams that have reached a barrier
-    barrier_streams: Vec<Pin<Box<S>>>,
+    barrier_streams: Vec<BoxPeekableLogStoreItemStream<S>>,
+
+    not_started_streams: Vec<(u64, BoxPeekableLogStoreItemStream<S>)>,
 
     stream_state: StreamState,
 }
@@ -387,46 +392,17 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
     pub(crate) fn new(streams: Vec<S>, serde: LogStoreRowSerde) -> Self {
         assert!(!streams.is_empty());
         Self {
-            serde,
-            barrier_streams: Vec::with_capacity(streams.len()),
-            row_streams: streams
+            serde: serde.clone(),
+            barrier_streams: streams
                 .into_iter()
-                .map(|s| Box::pin(s).into_future())
+                .map(|s| Box::pin(deserialize_stream(s, serde.clone()).peekable()))
                 .collect(),
+            row_streams: FuturesUnordered::new(),
+            not_started_streams: Vec::new(),
             stream_state: StreamState::Uninitialized,
         }
     }
 
-    fn check_epoch(&self, epoch: u64) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
-        match &self.stream_state {
-            StreamState::Uninitialized => Ok(()),
-            StreamState::AllConsumingRow { curr_epoch }
-            | StreamState::BarrierAligning { curr_epoch, .. } => {
-                if *curr_epoch != epoch {
-                    Err(anyhow!(
-                        "epoch {} does not match with current epoch {}",
-                        epoch,
-                        curr_epoch
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-
-            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { prev_epoch } => {
-                if *prev_epoch >= epoch {
-                    Err(anyhow!(
-                        "epoch {} should be greater than prev epoch {}",
-                        epoch,
-                        prev_epoch
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     fn check_is_checkpoint(&self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
         if let StreamState::BarrierAligning {
             is_checkpoint: curr_is_checkpoint,
@@ -448,11 +424,16 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
     }
 
     #[try_stream(ok = (u64, KvLogStoreItem), error = anyhow::Error)]
-    async fn into_log_store_item_stream(self, chunk_size: usize) {
+    async fn into_log_store_item_stream(mut self, chunk_size: usize) {
         let mut ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size);
         let mut data_chunk_builder =
             DataChunkBuilder::new(self.serde.payload_schema.clone(), chunk_size);
 
+        if !self.init().await? {
+            // no data in all stream
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         let this = self;
         pin_mut!(this);
 
@@ -483,37 +464,145 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) type LogStoreItemStream<S> = impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, KvLogStoreItem)>>;
-pub(crate) fn new_log_store_item_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
+pub(crate) type LogStoreItemMergeStream<S> =
+    impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, KvLogStoreItem)>>;
+pub(crate) fn merge_log_store_item_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
     streams: Vec<S>,
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
     chunk_size: usize,
-) -> LogStoreItemStream<S> {
+) -> LogStoreItemMergeStream<S> {
     LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde).into_log_store_item_stream(chunk_size)
 }
 
+type LogStoreItemStream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> =
+    impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)>> + Send;
+fn deserialize_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
+    stream: S,
+    serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
+) -> LogStoreItemStream<S> {
+    stream.map(
+        move |result: Result<_, StorageError>| -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)> {
+            match result {
+                Ok((_key, value)) => serde.deserialize(value),
+                Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
+            }
+        },
+    )
+}
+
 impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
+    // Return Ok(false) means all streams have reach the end.
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<bool> {
+        match &self.stream_state {
+            StreamState::Uninitialized => {}
+            _ => unreachable!("cannot call init for twice"),
+        };
+
+        // before init, all streams are in `barrier_streams`
+        assert!(
+            self.row_streams.is_empty(),
+            "when uninitialized, row_streams should be empty"
+        );
+        assert!(self.not_started_streams.is_empty());
+        assert!(!self.barrier_streams.is_empty());
+
+        for mut stream in self.barrier_streams.drain(..) {
+            match stream.as_mut().peek().await {
+                Some(Ok((epoch, _))) => {
+                    self.not_started_streams.push((*epoch, stream));
+                }
+                Some(Err(_)) => match stream.next().await {
+                    Some(Err(e)) => {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!("on peek we have checked it's Some(Err(_))"),
+                },
+                None => {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.not_started_streams.is_empty() {
+            // No stream has data
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        // sorted by epoch descending. Earlier epoch at the end
+        self.not_started_streams
+            .sort_by_key(|(epoch, _)| u64::MAX - *epoch);
+
+        let (epoch, stream) = self
+            .not_started_streams
+            .pop()
+            .expect("have check non-empty");
+        self.row_streams.push(stream.into_future());
+        while let Some((stream_epoch, _)) = self.not_started_streams.last() && *stream_epoch == epoch {
+            let (_, stream) = self.not_started_streams.pop().expect("should not be empty");
+            self.row_streams.push(stream.into_future());
+        }
+        self.stream_state = StreamState::AllConsumingRow { curr_epoch: epoch };
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    fn may_init_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        let prev_epoch = match &self.stream_state {
+            StreamState::Uninitialized => unreachable!("should have init"),
+            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { prev_epoch } => *prev_epoch,
+            StreamState::AllConsumingRow { curr_epoch }
+            | StreamState::BarrierAligning { curr_epoch, .. } => {
+                return if *curr_epoch != epoch {
+                    Err(anyhow!(
+                        "epoch {} does not match with current epoch {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        curr_epoch
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(())
+                };
+            }
+        };
+
+        if prev_epoch >= epoch {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "epoch {} should be greater than prev epoch {}",
+                epoch,
+                prev_epoch
+            ));
+        }
+
+        while let Some((stream_epoch, _)) = self.not_started_streams.last() {
+            if *stream_epoch > epoch {
+                // Current epoch has not reached the first epoch of
+                // the stream. Later streams must also have greater epoch, so break here.
+                break;
+            }
+            if *stream_epoch < epoch {
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "current epoch {} has exceed epoch {} of stream not started",
+                    epoch,
+                    stream_epoch
+                ));
+            }
+            let (_, stream) = self.not_started_streams.pop().expect("should not be empty");
+            self.row_streams.push(stream.into_future());
+        }
+
+        self.stream_state = StreamState::AllConsumingRow { curr_epoch: epoch };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn next_op(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<Option<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)>> {
-        assert!(!self.row_streams.is_empty());
         while let (Some(result), stream) = self
             .row_streams
             .next()
             .await
             .expect("row stream should not be empty when polled")
         {
-            let (_key, value): (_, Bytes) = result?;
-            let (decoded_epoch, op) = self.serde.deserialize(value)?;
-            self.check_epoch(decoded_epoch)?;
+            let (decoded_epoch, op) = result?;
+            self.may_init_epoch(decoded_epoch)?;
             match op {
                 LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row } => {
-                    match &self.stream_state {
-                        StreamState::Uninitialized | StreamState::BarrierEmitted { .. } => {
-                            self.stream_state = StreamState::AllConsumingRow {
-                                curr_epoch: decoded_epoch,
-                            }
-                        }
-                        _ => {}
-                    };
                     self.row_streams.push(stream.into_future());
                     return Ok(Some((decoded_epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row })));
                 }
@@ -545,19 +634,23 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         }
         // End of stream
         match &self.stream_state {
-            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { .. } | StreamState::Uninitialized => {}
-            s => {
-                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    "when any of the stream reaches the end, it should be right \
-                after emitting an barrier. Current state: {:?}",
+            StreamState::BarrierEmitted { .. } => {},
+            s => return Err(
+                anyhow!(
+                    "when any of the stream reaches the end, it should be right after emitting an barrier. Current state: {:?}",
                     s
-                ));
-            }
+                )
+            ),
         }
         assert!(
             self.barrier_streams.is_empty(),
             "should not have any pending barrier received stream after barrier emit"
         );
+        if !self.not_started_streams.is_empty() {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "a stream has reached the end but some other stream has not started yet"
+            ));
+        }
         if cfg!(debug_assertion) {
             while let Some((opt, _stream)) = self.row_streams.next().await {
                 if let Some(result) = opt {
@@ -573,15 +666,20 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::cmp::min;
     use std::future::poll_fn;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
     use std::task::Poll;
 
+    use bytes::Bytes;
     use futures::stream::empty;
     use futures::{pin_mut, stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use rand::prelude::SliceRandom;
     use rand::thread_rng;
     use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+    use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+    use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
     use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
     use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
@@ -592,22 +690,23 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::{
-        new_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreRowOp, LogStoreRowOpStream,
+        merge_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreRowOp, LogStoreRowOpStream,
         LogStoreRowSerde,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
-        gen_test_data, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_TABLE_ID,
+        check_rows_eq, gen_test_data, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_TABLE_ID,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::SeqIdType;
 
-    const EPOCH1: u64 = 233;
+    const EPOCH0: u64 = 233;
+    const EPOCH1: u64 = EPOCH0 + 1;
     const EPOCH2: u64 = EPOCH1 + 1;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_serde() {
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
 
-        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, None);
+        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, Some(Arc::new(Bitmap::ones(VirtualNode::COUNT))));
 
         let (ops, rows) = gen_test_data(0);
 
@@ -623,12 +722,17 @@ mod tests {
         let mut serialized_keys = vec![];
         let mut seq_id = 1;
 
-        let delete_range_right1 =
-            serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None));
+        fn remove_vnode_prefix(key: &Bytes) -> Bytes {
+            key.slice(VirtualNode::SIZE..)
+        }
+        let delete_range_right1 = remove_vnode_prefix(
+            &serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None)),
+        );
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
-            assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right1);
+            let key = remove_vnode_prefix(&key.0);
+            assert!(key < delete_range_right1);
             serialized_keys.push(key);
             let (decoded_epoch, row_op) = serde.deserialize(value).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(decoded_epoch, epoch);
@@ -646,6 +750,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let (key, encoded_barrier) = serde.serialize_barrier(epoch, DEFAULT_VNODE, false);
+        let key = remove_vnode_prefix(&key.0);
         match serde.deserialize(encoded_barrier).unwrap() {
             (decoded_epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
                 assert!(!is_checkpoint);
@@ -659,13 +764,15 @@ mod tests {
         seq_id = 1;
         epoch += 1;
 
-        let delete_range_right2 =
-            serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None));
+        let delete_range_right2 = remove_vnode_prefix(
+            &serde.serialize_truncation_offset_watermark(DEFAULT_VNODE, (epoch, None)),
+        );
 
         for (op, row) in stream_chunk.rows() {
             let (_, key, value) = serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
-            assert!(key.as_ref() >= delete_range_right1);
-            assert!(key.as_ref() < delete_range_right2);
+            let key = remove_vnode_prefix(&key.0);
+            assert!(key >= delete_range_right1);
+            assert!(key < delete_range_right2);
             serialized_keys.push(key);
             let (decoded_epoch, row_op) = serde.deserialize(value).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(decoded_epoch, epoch);
@@ -683,6 +790,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         let (key, encoded_checkpoint_barrier) = serde.serialize_barrier(epoch, DEFAULT_VNODE, true);
+        let key = remove_vnode_prefix(&key.0);
         match serde.deserialize(encoded_checkpoint_barrier).unwrap() {
             (decoded_epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
                 assert_eq!(decoded_epoch, epoch);
@@ -728,8 +836,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_deserialize_stream_chunk() {
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
-        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, None);
-
+        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, Some(Arc::new(Bitmap::ones(VirtualNode::COUNT))));
         let (ops, rows) = gen_test_data(0);
 
         let mut seq_id = 1;
@@ -789,25 +896,34 @@ mod tests {
         impl StateStoreReadIterStream,
         oneshot::Sender<()>,
         oneshot::Sender<()>,
+        Vec<Op>,
+        Vec<OwnedRow>,
     ) {
         let (ops, rows) = gen_test_data(base);
+        let first_barrier = {
+            let (key, value) = serde.serialize_barrier(EPOCH0, DEFAULT_VNODE, true);
+            Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, EPOCH0), value))
+        };
+        let stream = stream::once(async move { first_barrier });
         let (row_stream, tx1) =
             gen_row_stream(serde.clone(), ops.clone(), rows.clone(), EPOCH1, seq_id);
-        let stream = row_stream.chain(stream::once({
+        let stream = stream.chain(row_stream);
+        let stream = stream.chain(stream::once({
             let serde = serde.clone();
             async move {
                 let (key, value) = serde.serialize_barrier(EPOCH1, DEFAULT_VNODE, false);
                 Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, EPOCH1), value))
             }
         }));
-        let (row_stream, tx2) = gen_row_stream(serde.clone(), ops, rows, EPOCH2, seq_id);
+        let (row_stream, tx2) =
+            gen_row_stream(serde.clone(), ops.clone(), rows.clone(), EPOCH2, seq_id);
         let stream = stream.chain(row_stream).chain(stream::once({
             async move {
                 let (key, value) = serde.serialize_barrier(EPOCH2, DEFAULT_VNODE, true);
                 Ok((FullKey::new(TEST_TABLE_ID, key, EPOCH2), value))
             }
         }));
-        (stream, tx1, tx2)
+        (stream, tx1, tx2, ops, rows)
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
@@ -825,18 +941,20 @@ mod tests {
         let mut streams = Vec::new();
         let mut tx1 = Vec::new();
         let mut tx2 = Vec::new();
+        let mut ops = Vec::new();
+        let mut rows = Vec::new();
         for i in 0..size {
-            let (s, t1, t2) = gen_single_test_stream(serde.clone(), &mut seq_id, (100 * i) as _);
+            let (s, t1, t2, op_list, row_list) =
+                gen_single_test_stream(serde.clone(), &mut seq_id, (100 * i) as _);
             streams.push(s);
             tx1.push(Some(t1));
             tx2.push(Some(t2));
+            ops.push(op_list);
+            rows.push(row_list);
         }
 
         let stream = LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde);
 
-        let mut ops = Vec::new();
-        let mut rows = Vec::new();
-
         for i in 0..size {
             let (o, r) = gen_test_data((100 * i) as _);
             ops.push(o);
@@ -850,14 +968,26 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_row_stream_basic() {
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
 
-        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, None);
+        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, Some(Arc::new(Bitmap::ones(VirtualNode::COUNT))));
 
         const MERGE_SIZE: usize = 10;
 
-        let (stream, mut tx1, mut tx2, ops, rows) = gen_multi_test_stream(serde, MERGE_SIZE);
+        let (mut stream, mut tx1, mut tx2, ops, rows) = gen_multi_test_stream(serde, MERGE_SIZE);
+
+        stream.init().await.unwrap();
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
+        assert_eq!(
+            (
+                EPOCH0,
+                LogStoreRowOp::Barrier {
+                    is_checkpoint: true
+                }
+            ),
+            stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+        );
+
         let mut index = (0..MERGE_SIZE).collect_vec();
         index.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());
 
@@ -923,48 +1053,51 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_log_store_stream_basic() {
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
 
-        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, None);
+        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, Some(Arc::new(Bitmap::ones(VirtualNode::COUNT))));
 
         let mut seq_id = 1;
-        let (stream, tx1, tx2) = gen_single_test_stream(serde.clone(), &mut seq_id, 0);
-        let (ops, rows) = gen_test_data(0);
+        let (stream, tx1, tx2, ops, rows) = gen_single_test_stream(serde.clone(), &mut seq_id, 0);
 
         const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 3;
 
-        let stream = new_log_store_item_stream(vec![stream], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
+        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(vec![stream], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
+        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(EPOCH0, epoch);
+        match item {
+            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(_) => unreachable!(),
+            KvLogStoreItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+                assert!(is_checkpoint);
+            }
+        }
+
         assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(stream.poll_next_unpin(cx)))
             .await
             .is_pending());
 
         tx1.send(()).unwrap();
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
-        match item {
-            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
-                assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), CHUNK_SIZE);
-                for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
-                    assert_eq!(op, ops[i]);
-                    assert_eq!(row.to_owned_row(), rows[i]);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
-        match item {
-            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
-                assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), ops.len() - CHUNK_SIZE);
-                for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().skip(CHUNK_SIZE).enumerate() {
-                    assert_eq!(op, ops[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
-                    assert_eq!(row.to_owned_row(), rows[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
+        {
+            let mut remain = ops.len();
+            while remain > 0 {
+                let size = min(remain, CHUNK_SIZE);
+                let start_index = ops.len() - remain;
+                remain -= size;
+                let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(EPOCH1, epoch);
+                match item {
+                    KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+                        assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), size);
+                        assert!(check_rows_eq(
+                            chunk.rows(),
+                            (start_index..(start_index + size)).map(|i| (ops[i], &rows[i]))
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
         let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -982,30 +1115,25 @@ mod tests {
 
         tx2.send(()).unwrap();
 
-        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
-        match item {
-            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
-                assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), CHUNK_SIZE);
-                for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
-                    assert_eq!(op, ops[i]);
-                    assert_eq!(row.to_owned_row(), rows[i]);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
-        match item {
-            KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
-                assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), ops.len() - CHUNK_SIZE);
-                for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().skip(CHUNK_SIZE).enumerate() {
-                    assert_eq!(op, ops[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
-                    assert_eq!(row.to_owned_row(), rows[i + CHUNK_SIZE]);
+        {
+            let mut remain = ops.len();
+            while remain > 0 {
+                let size = min(remain, CHUNK_SIZE);
+                let start_index = ops.len() - remain;
+                remain -= size;
+                let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(EPOCH2, epoch);
+                match item {
+                    KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(chunk) => {
+                        assert_eq!(chunk.cardinality(), size);
+                        assert!(check_rows_eq(
+                            chunk.rows(),
+                            (start_index..(start_index + size)).map(|i| (ops[i], &rows[i]))
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
 
         let (epoch, item): (_, KvLogStoreItem) = stream.try_next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -1024,11 +1152,11 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_empty_stream() {
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
 
-        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, None);
+        let serde = LogStoreRowSerde::new(&table, Some(Arc::new(Bitmap::ones(VirtualNode::COUNT))));
 
         const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 3;
 
-        let stream = new_log_store_item_stream(vec![empty(), empty()], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
+        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(vec![empty(), empty()], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
index 8eb3a82fb742d..829f52a8a9d6a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
@@ -12,46 +12,77 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
+use itertools::{zip_eq, Itertools};
+use rand::RngCore;
+use risingwave_common::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
+use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, ColumnId, TableId};
-use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+use risingwave_common::constants::log_store::KV_LOG_STORE_PREDEFINED_COLUMNS;
+use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
+use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, ScalarRef};
 use risingwave_common::util::chunk_coalesce::DataChunkBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
 
-use crate::common::table::test_utils::gen_prost_table;
+use crate::common::table::test_utils::gen_prost_table_with_dist_key;
 
 pub(crate) const TEST_TABLE_ID: TableId = TableId { table_id: 233 };
 
 pub(crate) fn gen_test_data(base: i64) -> (Vec<Op>, Vec<OwnedRow>) {
-    let ops = vec![Op::Insert, Op::Delete, Op::UpdateDelete, Op::UpdateInsert];
-    let rows = vec![
-        OwnedRow::new(vec![
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(1 + base)),
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("name1".to_owned_scalar())),
-        ]),
-        OwnedRow::new(vec![
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(2 + base)),
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("name2".to_owned_scalar())),
-        ]),
-        OwnedRow::new(vec![
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(3 + base)),
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("name3".to_owned_scalar())),
-        ]),
-        OwnedRow::new(vec![
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(3 + base)),
-            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("name4".to_owned_scalar())),
-        ]),
-    ];
+    gen_sized_test_data(base, 10)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn gen_sized_test_data(base: i64, max_count: usize) -> (Vec<Op>, Vec<OwnedRow>) {
+    let mut ops = Vec::new();
+    let mut rows = Vec::new();
+    while ops.len() < max_count - 1 {
+        let index = ops.len() as i64;
+        match rand::thread_rng().next_u32() % 3 {
+            0 => {
+                ops.push(Op::Insert);
+                rows.push(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(index + base)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(
+                        format!("name{}", index).as_str().to_owned_scalar(),
+                    )),
+                ]));
+            }
+            1 => {
+                ops.push(Op::Delete);
+                rows.push(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(index + base)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(
+                        format!("name{}", index).as_str().to_owned_scalar(),
+                    )),
+                ]));
+            }
+            2 => {
+                ops.push(Op::UpdateDelete);
+                rows.push(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(index + base)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(
+                        format!("name{}", index).as_str().to_owned_scalar(),
+                    )),
+                ]));
+                ops.push(Op::UpdateInsert);
+                rows.push(OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(index + base)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(
+                        format!("name{}", index + 1).as_str().to_owned_scalar(),
+                    )),
+                ]));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
     (ops, rows)
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn test_payload_schema() -> Vec<ColumnDesc> {
     vec![
         ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::from(3), DataType::Int64), // id
-        ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::from(2), DataType::Varchar), // name
+        ColumnDesc::unnamed(ColumnId::from(4), DataType::Varchar), // name
     ]
 }
 
@@ -81,16 +112,95 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_stream_chunk(base: i64) -> StreamChunk {
     StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, data_chunk)
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks<const MOD_COUNT: usize>(
+    base: i64,
+    max_count: usize,
+) -> [StreamChunk; MOD_COUNT] {
+    let mut data_builder = (0..MOD_COUNT)
+        .map(|_| {
+            (
+                Vec::new() as Vec<Op>,
+                DataChunkBuilder::new(
+                    test_payload_schema()
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|col| col.data_type.clone())
+                        .collect_vec(),
+                    max_count,
+                ),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect_vec();
+    let (ops, rows) = gen_sized_test_data(base, max_count);
+    for (op, row) in zip_eq(ops, rows) {
+        let vnode = VirtualNode::compute_row(&row, &[TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX]);
+        let (ops, builder) = &mut data_builder[vnode.to_index() % MOD_COUNT];
+        ops.push(op);
+        assert!(builder.append_one_row(row).is_none());
+    }
+
+    data_builder
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(ops, mut builder)| StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, builder.consume_all().unwrap()))
+        .collect_vec()
+        .try_into()
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+pub(crate) const TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX: usize = 0;
+
 pub(crate) fn gen_test_log_store_table() -> PbTable {
     let schema = test_log_store_table_schema();
     let order_types = vec![OrderType::ascending(), OrderType::ascending_nulls_last()];
     let pk_index = vec![0_usize, 1_usize];
     let read_prefix_len_hint = 0;
-    gen_prost_table(
+    gen_prost_table_with_dist_key(
         TEST_TABLE_ID,
         schema,
         order_types,
         pk_index,
         read_prefix_len_hint,
+        vec![TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX + KV_LOG_STORE_PREDEFINED_COLUMNS.len()], // id field
     )
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn calculate_vnode_bitmap<'a>(
+    test_data: impl Iterator<Item = (Op, RowRef<'a>)>,
+) -> Bitmap {
+    let mut builder = BitmapBuilder::zeroed(VirtualNode::COUNT);
+    for vnode in
+        test_data.map(|(_, row)| VirtualNode::compute_row(row, &[TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX]))
+    {
+        builder.set(vnode.to_index(), true);
+    }
+    builder.finish()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_rows_eq<R1: Row, R2: Row>(
+    first: impl Iterator<Item = (Op, R1)>,
+    second: impl Iterator<Item = (Op, R2)>,
+) -> bool {
+    for ((op1, row1), (op2, row2)) in zip_eq(
+        first.sorted_by_key(|(_, row)| {
+            row.datum_at(TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX)
+                .unwrap()
+                .into_int64()
+        }),
+        second.sorted_by_key(|(_, row)| {
+            row.datum_at(TEST_SCHEMA_DIST_KEY_INDEX)
+                .unwrap()
+                .into_int64()
+        }),
+    ) {
+        if op1 != op2 {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if row1.to_owned_row() != row2.to_owned_row() {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_stream_chunk_eq(first: &StreamChunk, second: &StreamChunk) -> bool {
+    check_rows_eq(first.rows(), second.rows())
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_utils.rs
index 526f6864b3a99..90e7886df26bf 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_utils.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,26 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table(
     )
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table_with_dist_key(
+    table_id: TableId,
+    column_descs: Vec<ColumnDesc>,
+    order_types: Vec<OrderType>,
+    pk_index: Vec<usize>,
+    read_prefix_len_hint: u32,
+    distribution_key: Vec<usize>,
+) -> PbTable {
+    let col_len = column_descs.len() as i32;
+    gen_prost_table_inner(
+        table_id,
+        column_descs,
+        order_types,
+        pk_index,
+        read_prefix_len_hint,
+        (0..col_len).collect_vec(),
+        distribution_key,
+    )
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table_with_value_indices(
     table_id: TableId,
     column_descs: Vec<ColumnDesc>,
@@ -45,6 +65,26 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table_with_value_indices(
     pk_index: Vec<usize>,
     read_prefix_len_hint: u32,
     value_indices: Vec<i32>,
+) -> PbTable {
+    gen_prost_table_inner(
+        table_id,
+        column_descs,
+        order_types,
+        pk_index,
+        read_prefix_len_hint,
+        value_indices,
+        Vec::default(),
+    )
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table_inner(
+    table_id: TableId,
+    column_descs: Vec<ColumnDesc>,
+    order_types: Vec<OrderType>,
+    pk_index: Vec<usize>,
+    read_prefix_len_hint: u32,
+    value_indices: Vec<i32>,
+    distribution_key: Vec<usize>,
 ) -> PbTable {
     let prost_pk = pk_index
         .iter()
@@ -62,12 +102,15 @@ pub(crate) fn gen_prost_table_with_value_indices(
         })
         .collect();
 
+    let distribution_key = distribution_key.into_iter().map(|i| i as i32).collect_vec();
+
     PbTable {
         id: table_id.table_id(),
         columns: prost_columns,
         pk: prost_pk,
         read_prefix_len_hint,
         value_indices,
+        distribution_key,
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }

From da5099bbcc1a26670d7e040dd1b65070f03e1652 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 01:42:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 268/430] perf(stream agg): flush dirty agg groups according to
 heap size (#12453)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py |  16 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |   8 +
 .../src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs  |  76 +++++
 .../src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs      |   4 +-
 src/config/example.toml                       |   1 +
 src/config/full-iceberg-bench.toml            |   1 +
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    |  16 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs         |   1 +
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           | 305 +++++++++---------
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   |  16 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs         |   1 +
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs         |   5 +
 14 files changed, 272 insertions(+), 182 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index aa46fc7ffb076..2dd7a054bcc5e 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":""},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["last"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","query":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"bytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":6,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Memory","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The CPU usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"percentunit"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":8},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":7,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"cpu usage (total) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""},{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance) / avg(process_cpu_core_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (job,instance)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"cpu usage (avg per core) - {{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job,instance) / avg(process_cpu_core_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 5480a83c2694f..e70843825060d 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -1256,19 +1256,19 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_count(
-                    "Aggregation Dirty Group Count",
-                    "Statistics for dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
+                    "Aggregation Dirty Groups Count",
+                    "The number of dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
                     [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_group_count')}",
-                                      "stream agg dirty group count | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_groups_count')}",
+                                      "stream agg dirty groups count | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                    "Aggregation Dirty Group Heap Size",
-                    "Statistics for dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
+                    "Aggregation Dirty Groups Heap Size",
+                    "The total heap size of dirty (unflushed) groups in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
                     [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_group_heap_size')}",
-                                      "stream agg dirty group heap size | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_dirty_groups_heap_size')}",
+                                      "stream agg dirty groups heap size | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_count(
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index aa46fc7ffb076..2dd7a054bcc5e 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 8590e193b93e4..785ad614bc257 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -743,6 +743,10 @@ pub struct StreamingDeveloperConfig {
     /// the channel.
     #[serde(default = "default::developer::stream_dml_channel_initial_permits")]
     pub dml_channel_initial_permits: usize,
+
+    /// The max heap size of dirty groups of `HashAggExecutor`.
+    #[serde(default = "default::developer::stream_hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size")]
+    pub hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size: usize,
 }
 
 /// The subsections `[batch.developer]`.
@@ -1210,6 +1214,10 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn stream_dml_channel_initial_permits() -> usize {
             32768
         }
+
+        pub fn stream_hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size() -> usize {
+            64 << 20 // 64MB
+        }
     }
 
     pub mod system {
diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c6748887733d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use super::{MutGuard, UnsafeMutGuard};
+use crate::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
+
+pub struct EstimatedHashMap<K, V> {
+    inner: HashMap<K, V>,
+    heap_size: KvSize,
+}
+
+impl<K, V> EstimateSize for EstimatedHashMap<K, V> {
+    fn estimated_heap_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.heap_size.size()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, V> Deref for EstimatedHashMap<K, V> {
+    type Target = HashMap<K, V>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, V> Default for EstimatedHashMap<K, V> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: HashMap::default(),
+            heap_size: KvSize::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, V> EstimatedHashMap<K, V>
+where
+    K: EstimateSize + Eq + std::hash::Hash,
+    V: EstimateSize,
+{
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Option<V> {
+        self.heap_size.add_val(&key);
+        self.heap_size.add_val(&value);
+        self.inner.insert(key, value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, key: &K) -> Option<MutGuard<'_, V>> {
+        self.inner
+            .get_mut(key)
+            .map(|v| MutGuard::new(v, &mut self.heap_size))
+    }
+
+    pub fn values_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = UnsafeMutGuard<V>> + '_ {
+        self.inner
+            .values_mut()
+            .map(|v| UnsafeMutGuard::new(v, &mut self.heap_size))
+    }
+
+    pub fn drain(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (K, V)> + '_ {
+        self.heap_size.set(0);
+        self.inner.drain()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
index 807fad98ee825..81f3fab6f3d29 100644
--- a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ use super::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 mod heap;
 pub mod lru;
 pub use heap::*;
-mod vecdeque;
+pub mod vecdeque;
 pub use vecdeque::EstimatedVecDeque as VecDeque;
+pub mod hashmap;
+pub use hashmap::EstimatedHashMap as HashMap;
 
 pub struct MutGuard<'a, V: EstimateSize> {
     inner: &'a mut V,
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index c7eafaaea0da5..3e407150eb8ab 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ stream_exchange_initial_permits = 2048
 stream_exchange_batched_permits = 256
 stream_exchange_concurrent_barriers = 1
 stream_dml_channel_initial_permits = 32768
+stream_hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size = 67108864
 
 [storage]
 share_buffers_sync_parallelism = 1
diff --git a/src/config/full-iceberg-bench.toml b/src/config/full-iceberg-bench.toml
index 581bcf84644e2..5b30511fea597 100644
--- a/src/config/full-iceberg-bench.toml
+++ b/src/config/full-iceberg-bench.toml
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ stream_exchange_initial_permits = 2048
 stream_exchange_batched_permits = 256
 stream_exchange_concurrent_barriers = 1
 stream_dml_channel_initial_permits = 32768
+stream_hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size = 67108864
 
 [storage]
 share_buffers_sync_parallelism = 1
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index aadbccc1b97f6..dd8c0ec496033 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -562,8 +562,8 @@ where
         &self.value_indices
     }
 
-    pub fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.local_store.is_dirty()
+    fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.local_store.is_dirty() || self.state_clean_watermark.is_some()
     }
 
     pub fn vnode_bitmap(&self) -> &Bitmap {
@@ -908,9 +908,15 @@ where
         // Tick the watermark buffer here because state table is expected to be committed once
         // per epoch.
         self.watermark_buffer_strategy.tick();
-        self.seal_current_epoch(new_epoch.curr)
-            .instrument(tracing::info_span!("state_table_commit"))
-            .await?;
+        if !self.is_dirty() {
+            // If the state table is not modified, go fast path.
+            self.local_store.seal_current_epoch(new_epoch.curr);
+            return Ok(());
+        } else {
+            self.seal_current_epoch(new_epoch.curr)
+                .instrument(tracing::info_span!("state_table_commit"))
+                .await?;
+        }
 
         // Refresh watermark cache if it is out of sync.
         if USE_WATERMARK_CACHE && !self.watermark_cache.is_synced() {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
index 9cf5eddcacd7e..fbaa80c3fbeb7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/agg_common.rs
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ impl AggExecutorExtraArgs for SimpleAggExecutorExtraArgs {}
 pub struct HashAggExecutorExtraArgs {
     pub group_key_indices: Vec<usize>,
     pub chunk_size: usize,
+    pub max_dirty_groups_heap_size: usize,
     pub emit_on_window_close: bool,
 }
 impl AggExecutorExtraArgs for HashAggExecutorExtraArgs {}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index 6f2e6a490ad9c..dd9b23f9147d6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-use risingwave_common::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::collections::hashmap::EstimatedHashMap;
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, PrecomputedBuildHasher};
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -52,7 +53,15 @@ use crate::executor::{BoxedMessageStream, Executor, Message};
 use crate::task::AtomicU64Ref;
 
 type AggGroup<S> = GenericAggGroup<S, OnlyOutputIfHasInput>;
-type AggGroupCache<K, S> = ManagedLruCache<K, AggGroup<S>, PrecomputedBuildHasher>;
+type BoxedAggGroup<S> = Box<AggGroup<S>>;
+
+impl<S: StateStore> EstimateSize for BoxedAggGroup<S> {
+    fn estimated_heap_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.as_ref().estimated_size()
+    }
+}
+
+type AggGroupCache<K, S> = ManagedLruCache<K, Option<BoxedAggGroup<S>>, PrecomputedBuildHasher>;
 
 /// [`HashAggExecutor`] could process large amounts of data using a state backend. It works as
 /// follows:
@@ -120,6 +129,9 @@ struct ExecutorInner<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     /// The maximum size of the chunk produced by executor at a time.
     chunk_size: usize,
 
+    /// The maximum heap size of dirty groups. If exceeds, the executor should flush dirty groups.
+    max_dirty_groups_heap_size: usize,
+
     /// Should emit on window close according to watermark?
     emit_on_window_close: bool,
 
@@ -140,11 +152,8 @@ struct ExecutionVars<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     /// Cache for [`AggGroup`]s. `HashKey` -> `AggGroup`.
     agg_group_cache: AggGroupCache<K, S>,
 
-    /// Changed group keys in the current epoch (before next flush).
-    group_change_set: HashSet<K>,
-
-    /// Heap size of `group_change_set` and dirty [`AggGroup`]s in `agg_group_cache`.
-    dirty_groups_heap_size: KvSize,
+    /// Changed [`AggGroup`]s in the current epoch (before next flush).
+    dirty_groups: EstimatedHashMap<K, BoxedAggGroup<S>>,
 
     /// Distinct deduplicater to deduplicate input rows for each distinct agg call.
     distinct_dedup: DistinctDeduplicater<S>,
@@ -243,6 +252,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                 watermark_epoch: args.watermark_epoch,
                 extreme_cache_size: args.extreme_cache_size,
                 chunk_size: args.extra.chunk_size,
+                max_dirty_groups_heap_size: args.extra.max_dirty_groups_heap_size,
                 emit_on_window_close: args.extra.emit_on_window_close,
                 metrics: args.metrics,
             },
@@ -274,53 +284,70 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    async fn ensure_keys_in_cache(
+    /// Touch the [`AggGroup`]s for the given keys, which means move them from cache to the `dirty_groups` map.
+    /// If the [`AggGroup`] doesn't exist in the cache before, it will be created or recovered from state table.
+    async fn touch_agg_groups(
         this: &ExecutorInner<K, S>,
-        cache: &mut AggGroupCache<K, S>,
+        vars: &mut ExecutionVars<K, S>,
         keys: impl IntoIterator<Item = &K>,
-        stats: &mut ExecutionStats,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         let group_key_types = &this.info.schema.data_types()[..this.group_key_indices.len()];
         let futs = keys
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|key| {
-                stats.total_lookup_count += 1;
-                if cache.contains(key) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    stats.lookup_miss_count += 1;
-                    Some(async {
-                        // Create `AggGroup` for the current group if not exists. This will
-                        // restore agg states from the intermediate state table.
-                        let agg_group = AggGroup::create(
-                            Some(GroupKey::new(
-                                key.deserialize(group_key_types)?,
-                                Some(this.group_key_table_pk_projection.clone()),
-                            )),
-                            &this.agg_calls,
-                            &this.agg_funcs,
-                            &this.storages,
-                            &this.intermediate_state_table,
-                            &this.input_pk_indices,
-                            this.row_count_index,
-                            this.extreme_cache_size,
-                            &this.input_schema,
-                        )
-                        .await?;
-                        Ok::<_, StreamExecutorError>((key.clone(), agg_group))
-                    })
+                vars.stats.total_lookup_count += 1;
+                if vars.dirty_groups.contains_key(key) {
+                    // already dirty
+                    return None;
+                }
+                match vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(key) {
+                    Some(mut agg_group) => {
+                        let agg_group: &mut Option<_> = &mut agg_group;
+                        assert!(
+                            agg_group.is_some(),
+                            "invalid state: AggGroup is None in cache but not dirty"
+                        );
+                        // move from cache to `dirty_groups`
+                        vars.dirty_groups
+                            .insert(key.clone(), agg_group.take().unwrap());
+                        None // no need to create
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        vars.stats.lookup_miss_count += 1;
+                        Some(async {
+                            // Create `AggGroup` for the current group if not exists. This will
+                            // restore agg states from the intermediate state table.
+                            let agg_group = AggGroup::create(
+                                Some(GroupKey::new(
+                                    key.deserialize(group_key_types)?,
+                                    Some(this.group_key_table_pk_projection.clone()),
+                                )),
+                                &this.agg_calls,
+                                &this.agg_funcs,
+                                &this.storages,
+                                &this.intermediate_state_table,
+                                &this.input_pk_indices,
+                                this.row_count_index,
+                                this.extreme_cache_size,
+                                &this.input_schema,
+                            )
+                            .await?;
+                            Ok::<_, StreamExecutorError>((key.clone(), Box::new(agg_group)))
+                        })
+                    }
                 }
             })
             .collect_vec(); // collect is necessary to avoid lifetime issue of `agg_group_cache`
 
-        stats.chunk_total_lookup_count += 1;
+        vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count += 1;
         if !futs.is_empty() {
             // If not all the required states/keys are in the cache, it's a chunk-level cache miss.
-            stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count += 1;
+            vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count += 1;
             let mut buffered = stream::iter(futs).buffer_unordered(10).fuse();
             while let Some(result) = buffered.next().await {
                 let (key, agg_group) = result?;
-                cache.put(key, agg_group);
+                let none = vars.dirty_groups.insert(key, agg_group);
+                debug_assert!(none.is_none());
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -335,14 +362,8 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         let keys = K::build(&this.group_key_indices, chunk.data_chunk())?;
         let group_visibilities = Self::get_group_visibilities(keys, chunk.visibility());
 
-        // Create `AggGroup` for each group if not exists.
-        Self::ensure_keys_in_cache(
-            this,
-            &mut vars.agg_group_cache,
-            group_visibilities.iter().map(|(k, _)| k),
-            &mut vars.stats,
-        )
-        .await?;
+        // Ensure all `AggGroup`s are in `dirty_groups`.
+        Self::touch_agg_groups(this, vars, group_visibilities.iter().map(|(k, _)| k)).await?;
 
         // Calculate the row visibility for every agg call.
         let mut call_visibilities = Vec::with_capacity(this.agg_calls.len());
@@ -365,15 +386,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
 
         // Apply chunk to each of the state (per agg_call), for each group.
         for (key, visibility) in group_visibilities {
-            let mut agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(&key).unwrap();
-
-            // Mark the group as changed.
-            let key_size = key.estimated_size();
-            let old_group_size = if vars.group_change_set.insert(key) {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(agg_group.estimated_size())
-            };
+            let agg_group: &mut BoxedAggGroup<_> = &mut vars.dirty_groups.get_mut(&key).unwrap();
 
             let visibilities = call_visibilities
                 .iter()
@@ -402,87 +415,30 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             agg_group
                 .apply_chunk(&chunk, &this.agg_calls, &this.agg_funcs, visibilities)
                 .await?;
-
-            // Update the metrics.
-            let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
-            let fragment_id_str = this.actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
-            let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
-            let metric_dirty_count = this.metrics.agg_dirty_group_count.with_label_values(&[
-                &table_id_str,
-                &actor_id_str,
-                &fragment_id_str,
-            ]);
-            let metric_dirty_heap_size = this
-                .metrics
-                .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
-                .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str]);
-            let new_group_size = agg_group.estimated_size();
-            if let Some(old_group_size) = old_group_size {
-                match new_group_size.cmp(&old_group_size) {
-                    std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => {
-                        let inc_size = new_group_size - old_group_size;
-                        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.add_size(inc_size);
-                        metric_dirty_heap_size.add(inc_size as i64);
-                    }
-                    std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
-                        let dec_size = old_group_size - new_group_size;
-                        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.sub_size(dec_size);
-                        metric_dirty_heap_size.sub(dec_size as i64);
-                    }
-                    std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {}
-                }
-            } else {
-                let inc_size = key_size * 2 + new_group_size;
-                vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.add_size(inc_size);
-                metric_dirty_heap_size.add(inc_size as i64);
-                metric_dirty_count.set(vars.group_change_set.len() as i64);
-            }
         }
 
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[try_stream(ok = StreamChunk, error = StreamExecutorError)]
-    async fn flush_data<'a>(
-        this: &'a mut ExecutorInner<K, S>,
-        vars: &'a mut ExecutionVars<K, S>,
-        epoch: EpochPair,
-    ) {
-        // Update metrics.
+        // Update the metrics.
         let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
         let fragment_id_str = this.actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
         let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
         this.metrics
-            .agg_lookup_miss_count
+            .agg_dirty_groups_count
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .inc_by(vars.stats.lookup_miss_count);
-        vars.stats.lookup_miss_count = 0;
+            .set(vars.dirty_groups.len() as i64);
         this.metrics
-            .agg_total_lookup_count
+            .agg_dirty_groups_heap_size
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .inc_by(vars.stats.total_lookup_count);
-        vars.stats.total_lookup_count = 0;
-        this.metrics
-            .agg_cached_keys
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .set(vars.agg_group_cache.len() as i64);
-        this.metrics
-            .agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .inc_by(vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count);
-        vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count = 0;
-        this.metrics
-            .agg_chunk_total_lookup_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .inc_by(vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count);
-        vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count = 0;
+            .set(vars.dirty_groups.estimated_heap_size() as i64);
 
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[try_stream(ok = StreamChunk, error = StreamExecutorError)]
+    async fn flush_data<'a>(this: &'a mut ExecutorInner<K, S>, vars: &'a mut ExecutionVars<K, S>) {
         let window_watermark = vars.window_watermark.take();
-        let n_dirty_group = vars.group_change_set.len();
 
         // flush changed states into intermediate state table
-        for key in &vars.group_change_set {
-            let agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(key).unwrap();
+        for agg_group in vars.dirty_groups.values() {
             let encoded_states = agg_group.encode_states(&this.agg_funcs)?;
             if this.emit_on_window_close {
                 vars.buffer
@@ -537,8 +493,13 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         } else {
             // emit on update
             // TODO(wrj,rc): we may need to parallelize it and set a reasonable concurrency limit.
-            for group_key in &vars.group_change_set {
-                let mut agg_group = vars.agg_group_cache.get_mut(group_key).unwrap();
+            for mut agg_group in vars
+                .dirty_groups
+                .values_mut()
+                // SAFETY: we access the values in `dirty_groups` one by one, so it's safe to deref the `UnsafeMutGuard`
+                .map(|mut g| unsafe { g.as_mut_guard() })
+            {
+                let agg_group = agg_group.as_mut();
                 let change = agg_group
                     .build_change(&this.storages, &this.agg_funcs)
                     .await?;
@@ -550,40 +511,20 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             }
         }
 
-        // clear the change set
-        vars.group_change_set.clear();
-        vars.dirty_groups_heap_size.set(0);
-        this.metrics
-            .agg_dirty_group_count
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .set(0);
-        this.metrics
-            .agg_dirty_group_heap_size
-            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
-            .set(0);
+        // move dirty groups back to cache
+        for (key, agg_group) in vars.dirty_groups.drain() {
+            vars.agg_group_cache.put(key, Some(agg_group));
+        }
 
         // Yield the remaining rows in chunk builder.
         if let Some(chunk) = vars.chunk_builder.take() {
             yield chunk;
         }
 
-        if n_dirty_group == 0 && window_watermark.is_none() {
-            // Nothing is expected to be changed.
-            this.all_state_tables_mut().for_each(|table| {
-                table.commit_no_data_expected(epoch);
-            });
-        } else {
-            if let Some(watermark) = window_watermark {
-                // Update watermark of state tables, for state cleaning.
-                this.all_state_tables_mut()
-                    .for_each(|table| table.update_watermark(watermark.clone(), false));
-            }
-            // Commit all state tables.
-            futures::future::try_join_all(
-                this.all_state_tables_mut()
-                    .map(|table| async { table.commit(epoch).await }),
-            )
-            .await?;
+        if let Some(watermark) = window_watermark {
+            // Update watermark of state tables, for state cleaning.
+            this.all_state_tables_mut()
+                .for_each(|table| table.update_watermark(watermark.clone(), false));
         }
 
         // Flush distinct dedup state.
@@ -594,6 +535,44 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         vars.agg_group_cache.evict();
     }
 
+    fn update_metrics(this: &ExecutorInner<K, S>, vars: &mut ExecutionVars<K, S>) {
+        let actor_id_str = this.actor_ctx.id.to_string();
+        let fragment_id_str = this.actor_ctx.fragment_id.to_string();
+        let table_id_str = this.intermediate_state_table.table_id().to_string();
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_lookup_miss_count
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+            .inc_by(std::mem::take(&mut vars.stats.lookup_miss_count));
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_total_lookup_count
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+            .inc_by(std::mem::take(&mut vars.stats.total_lookup_count));
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_cached_keys
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+            .set(vars.agg_group_cache.len() as i64);
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+            .inc_by(std::mem::take(&mut vars.stats.chunk_lookup_miss_count));
+        this.metrics
+            .agg_chunk_total_lookup_count
+            .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
+            .inc_by(std::mem::take(&mut vars.stats.chunk_total_lookup_count));
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_state_tables(
+        this: &mut ExecutorInner<K, S>,
+        epoch: EpochPair,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
+        futures::future::try_join_all(
+            this.all_state_tables_mut()
+                .map(|table| async { table.commit(epoch).await }),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(self) {
         let HashAggExecutor {
@@ -618,8 +597,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                 agg_group_cache_metrics_info,
                 PrecomputedBuildHasher,
             ),
-            group_change_set: HashSet::new(),
-            dirty_groups_heap_size: KvSize::default(),
+            dirty_groups: Default::default(),
             distinct_dedup: DistinctDeduplicater::new(
                 &this.agg_calls,
                 &this.watermark_epoch,
@@ -658,7 +636,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         #[for_await]
         for msg in input {
             let msg = msg?;
-            vars.agg_group_cache.evict_except_cur_epoch();
+            vars.agg_group_cache.evict();
             match msg {
                 Message::Watermark(watermark) => {
                     let group_key_seq = group_key_invert_idx[watermark.col_idx];
@@ -672,12 +650,23 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
                 }
                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                     Self::apply_chunk(&mut this, &mut vars, chunk).await?;
+
+                    if vars.dirty_groups.estimated_heap_size() >= this.max_dirty_groups_heap_size {
+                        // flush dirty groups if heap size is too large, to better prevent from OOM
+                        #[for_await]
+                        for chunk in Self::flush_data(&mut this, &mut vars) {
+                            yield Message::Chunk(chunk?);
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
+                    Self::update_metrics(&this, &mut vars);
+
                     #[for_await]
-                    for chunk in Self::flush_data(&mut this, &mut vars, barrier.epoch) {
+                    for chunk in Self::flush_data(&mut this, &mut vars) {
                         yield Message::Chunk(chunk?);
                     }
+                    Self::commit_state_tables(&mut this, barrier.epoch).await?;
 
                     if this.emit_on_window_close {
                         // ignore watermarks on other columns
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 189eb1ae334d1..f8ef3985191ac 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub agg_distinct_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_distinct_total_cache_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_distinct_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub agg_dirty_group_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub agg_dirty_group_heap_size: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub agg_dirty_groups_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub agg_dirty_groups_heap_size: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
 
     // Streaming TopN
     pub group_top_n_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -520,16 +520,16 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let agg_dirty_group_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_agg_dirty_group_count",
+        let agg_dirty_groups_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_agg_dirty_groups_count",
             "Total dirty group counts in aggregation executor",
             &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let agg_dirty_group_heap_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_agg_dirty_group_heap_size",
+        let agg_dirty_groups_heap_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_agg_dirty_groups_heap_size",
             "Total dirty group heap size in aggregation executor",
             &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
@@ -891,8 +891,8 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             agg_distinct_cache_miss_count,
             agg_distinct_total_cache_count,
             agg_distinct_cached_entry_count,
-            agg_dirty_group_count,
-            agg_dirty_group_heap_size,
+            agg_dirty_groups_count,
+            agg_dirty_groups_heap_size,
             group_top_n_cache_miss_count,
             group_top_n_total_query_cache_count,
             group_top_n_cached_entry_count,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index aed3a8474a22d..bb4864ac04ef8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ pub mod agg_executor {
             extra: HashAggExecutorExtraArgs {
                 group_key_indices,
                 chunk_size: 1024,
+                max_dirty_groups_heap_size: 64 << 20,
                 emit_on_window_close,
             },
         })
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
index c3f6153fa5a22..a369f8124ebfb 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_agg.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashAggExecutorBuilder {
                 extra: HashAggExecutorExtraArgs {
                     group_key_indices,
                     chunk_size: params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
+                    max_dirty_groups_heap_size: params
+                        .env
+                        .config()
+                        .developer
+                        .hash_agg_max_dirty_groups_heap_size,
                     emit_on_window_close: node.get_emit_on_window_close(),
                 },
             },

From bfdafe1b65741b11c8d998b052c1ae1bbff697dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 01:51:08 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 269/430] refactor(common): refine `Row` changes in #11070
 (#12652)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs | 170 +++++++++++++-----------
 src/common/src/row/mod.rs               |  22 ++-
 src/common/src/row/project.rs           |   4 +-
 3 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
index 8e63e442384d8..887a9ab02437e 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk_iter.rs
@@ -59,10 +59,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIter<'a> {
         match self.chunk.next_visible_row_idx(self.idx.start) {
             Some(idx) if idx < self.idx.end => {
                 self.idx.start = idx + 1;
-                Some(RowRef {
-                    columns: self.chunk.columns(),
-                    idx,
-                })
+                Some(RowRef::new(self.chunk, idx))
             }
             _ => {
                 self.idx.start = self.idx.end;
@@ -107,10 +104,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'a> {
             let ret = Some(if !vis.is_set(self.idx) {
                 None
             } else {
-                Some(RowRef {
-                    columns: self.chunk.columns(),
-                    idx: self.idx,
-                })
+                Some(RowRef::new(self.chunk, self.idx))
             });
             self.idx += 1;
             ret
@@ -126,108 +120,122 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'a> {
 impl ExactSizeIterator for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'_> {}
 unsafe impl TrustedLen for DataChunkRefIterWithHoles<'_> {}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct RowRef<'a> {
-    columns: &'a [ArrayRef],
+// Deliberately making `RowRef` and `RowRefIter` defined in a private module to ensure
+// the checks in the constructors are always performed.
+mod row_ref {
+    use super::*;
 
-    idx: usize,
-}
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+    pub struct RowRef<'a> {
+        columns: &'a [ArrayRef],
 
-impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for RowRef<'a> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_list().entries(self.iter()).finish()
+        idx: usize,
     }
-}
 
-impl<'a> RowRef<'a> {
-    pub fn new(chunk: &'a DataChunk, idx: usize) -> Self {
-        assert!(idx < chunk.capacity());
-        Self {
-            columns: chunk.columns(),
-            idx,
+    impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for RowRef<'a> {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            f.debug_list().entries(self.iter()).finish()
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_columns(columns: &'a [ArrayRef], idx: usize) -> Self {
-        if !columns.is_empty() {
-            assert!(idx < columns[0].len());
+    impl<'a> RowRef<'a> {
+        pub fn new(chunk: &'a DataChunk, idx: usize) -> Self {
+            assert!(
+                idx < chunk.capacity(),
+                "index {idx} out of bound {}",
+                chunk.capacity()
+            );
+
+            Self {
+                columns: chunk.columns(),
+                idx,
+            }
         }
-        Self { columns, idx }
-    }
 
-    /// Get the index of this row in the data chunk.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
-        self.idx
-    }
-}
+        pub fn with_columns(columns: &'a [ArrayRef], idx: usize) -> Self {
+            for column in columns {
+                assert!(
+                    idx < column.len(),
+                    "index {idx} out of bound {}",
+                    column.len()
+                );
+            }
 
-impl PartialEq for RowRef<'_> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.iter().eq(other.iter())
-    }
-}
-impl Eq for RowRef<'_> {}
+            Self { columns, idx }
+        }
 
-impl Hash for RowRef<'_> {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        let len = self.columns.len();
-        for i in 0..len {
-            self.datum_at(i).hash(state);
+        /// Get the index of this row in the data chunk.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
+            self.idx
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl Row for RowRef<'_> {
-    fn datum_at(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
-        // for `RowRef`, the index is always in bound.
-        unsafe { self.columns[index].value_at_unchecked(self.idx) }
+    impl PartialEq for RowRef<'_> {
+        fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+            self.iter().eq(other.iter())
+        }
     }
+    impl Eq for RowRef<'_> {}
 
-    unsafe fn datum_at_unchecked(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
-        // for `RowRef`, the index is always in bound.
-        self.columns
-            .get_unchecked(index)
-            .value_at_unchecked(self.idx)
+    impl Hash for RowRef<'_> {
+        fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+            self.hash_datums_into(state)
+        }
     }
 
-    fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.columns.len()
-    }
+    impl Row for RowRef<'_> {
+        fn datum_at(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
+            // SAFETY: `self.idx` is already checked in `new` or `with_columns`.
+            unsafe { self.columns[index].value_at_unchecked(self.idx) }
+        }
 
-    fn iter(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> {
-        RowRefIter {
-            columns: self.columns.iter(),
-            row_idx: self.idx,
+        unsafe fn datum_at_unchecked(&self, index: usize) -> DatumRef<'_> {
+            self.columns
+                .get_unchecked(index)
+                .value_at_unchecked(self.idx)
+        }
+
+        fn len(&self) -> usize {
+            self.columns.len()
+        }
+
+        fn iter(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = DatumRef<'_>> {
+            RowRefIter {
+                columns: self.columns.iter(),
+                row_idx: self.idx,
+            }
         }
     }
-}
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct RowRefIter<'a> {
-    columns: std::slice::Iter<'a, ArrayRef>,
-    row_idx: usize,
-}
+    #[derive(Clone)]
+    pub struct RowRefIter<'a> {
+        columns: std::slice::Iter<'a, ArrayRef>,
+        row_idx: usize,
+    }
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for RowRefIter<'a> {
-    type Item = DatumRef<'a>;
+    impl<'a> Iterator for RowRefIter<'a> {
+        type Item = DatumRef<'a>;
 
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        // SAFETY: for `RowRef`, the index is always in bound.
-        unsafe {
-            self.columns
-                .next()
-                .map(|col| col.value_at_unchecked(self.row_idx))
+        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+            // SAFETY: `self.row_idx` is already checked in `new` or `with_columns` of `RowRef`.
+            unsafe {
+                self.columns
+                    .next()
+                    .map(|col| col.value_at_unchecked(self.row_idx))
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        self.columns.size_hint()
+        fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+            self.columns.size_hint()
+        }
     }
+
+    impl ExactSizeIterator for RowRefIter<'_> {}
+    unsafe impl TrustedLen for RowRefIter<'_> {}
 }
 
-impl ExactSizeIterator for RowRefIter<'_> {}
-unsafe impl TrustedLen for RowRefIter<'_> {}
+pub use row_ref::{RowRef, RowRefIter};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
diff --git a/src/common/src/row/mod.rs b/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
index 60419537ec315..ba9fef49f57f8 100644
--- a/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/row/mod.rs
@@ -111,13 +111,19 @@ pub trait Row: Sized + std::fmt::Debug + PartialEq + Eq {
         buf
     }
 
+    /// Hash the datums of this row into the given hasher.
+    ///
+    /// Implementors should delegate [`std::hash::Hash::hash`] to this method.
+    fn hash_datums_into<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        for datum in self.iter() {
+            hash_datum(datum, state);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the hash code of the row.
-    #[inline]
     fn hash<H: BuildHasher>(&self, hash_builder: H) -> HashCode<H> {
         let mut hasher = hash_builder.build_hasher();
-        for datum in self.iter() {
-            hash_datum(datum, &mut hasher);
-        }
+        self.hash_datums_into(&mut hasher);
         hasher.finish().into()
     }
 
@@ -250,6 +256,10 @@ macro_rules! deref_forward_row {
             (**self).hash(hash_builder)
         }
 
+        fn hash_datums_into<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+            (**self).hash_datums_into(state)
+        }
+
         fn eq(this: &Self, other: impl Row) -> bool {
             Row::eq(&(**this), other)
         }
@@ -419,6 +429,10 @@ impl<R1: Row, R2: Row> Row for either::Either<R1, R2> {
         either::for_both!(self, row => row.memcmp_serialize(serde))
     }
 
+    fn hash_datums_into<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        either::for_both!(self, row => row.hash_datums_into(state))
+    }
+
     fn hash<H: BuildHasher>(&self, hash_builder: H) -> HashCode<H> {
         either::for_both!(self, row => row.hash(hash_builder))
     }
diff --git a/src/common/src/row/project.rs b/src/common/src/row/project.rs
index b7898a24a31f7..c576ae7e01b4c 100644
--- a/src/common/src/row/project.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/row/project.rs
@@ -78,9 +78,7 @@ impl<'i, R: Row> Project<'i, R> {
 
 impl<R: Row> Hash for Project<'_, R> {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        for i in 0..self.len() {
-            self.datum_at(i).hash(state);
-        }
+        self.hash_datums_into(state);
     }
 }
 

From 9db52aab732b4a851ec397e91c2182b7f5e58056 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 15:10:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 270/430] ci: fix disk out of space for GHA (attempt 2)
 (#12671)

---
 .github/workflows/doc.yml          | 7 ++++++-
 .github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml | 1 +
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/doc.yml b/.github/workflows/doc.yml
index 7bd9d5a9147eb..3e181eda27fce 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/doc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/doc.yml
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ jobs:
           remove-haskell: 'true'
           remove-codeql: 'true'
           remove-docker-images: 'true'
+          root-reserve-mb: 10240
+          temp-reserve-mb: 10240
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: rustup show
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ jobs:
 
           mkdir artifact
           cp -R target/doc/* artifact
+      - name: Show available storage
+        run: df -h
       - name: Install cargo-docset
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
         with:
@@ -57,7 +61,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v1
         with:
           path: artifact
-
+      - name: Show available storage
+        run: df -h
   deploy:
     needs: build
     permissions:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
index e6afb6970daec..a89d86ac9e560 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ jobs:
            remove-haskell: 'true'
            remove-codeql: 'true'
            remove-docker-images: 'true'
+           root-reserve-mb: 2048
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: |

From 0c4013cc3a95caa465c51028c5d80c1f33ca413b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 18:04:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 271/430] chore(deps): bump etcd-client to v0.12.1 (#12705)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                  | 95 +++++++++------------
 Cargo.toml                                  |  4 +-
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                         |  1 -
 src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs   |  6 +-
 src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a3709bc50a332..7e621976c2ef8 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2784,15 +2784,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "etcd-client"
-version = "0.11.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git?rev=d55550a#d55550a182f2119e39e64858771468e1b26f6777"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git?rev=4e84d40#4e84d40a84b35718d814cc2afccc9274c9d78e1e"
 dependencies = [
  "http",
- "prost 0.11.9",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tonic 0.9.2",
- "tonic-build 0.9.2",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
+ "tonic-build",
  "tower",
  "tower-service",
 ]
@@ -4511,21 +4511,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-etcd-client"
-version = "0.3.0+0.11.1"
+version = "0.4.0+0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c26d21c8d69c25db9d461ab7dfa4b09bd982687546c8ca2c43d743533a8f1c3f"
+checksum = "02b4b5de48bb7f3f7eae0bca62b3ed0b7d714b1b273d7347329b92c3a2eef113"
 dependencies = [
  "etcd-client",
  "futures-util",
  "http",
  "madsim",
  "serde",
- "serde_with 2.3.3",
+ "serde_with 3.3.0",
  "spin 0.9.8",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
- "toml 0.7.8",
- "tonic 0.9.2",
+ "toml 0.8.2",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -4602,7 +4602,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prost-build 0.12.1",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.37",
- "tonic-build 0.10.2",
+ "tonic-build",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6162,7 +6162,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f4c021e1093a56626774e81216a4ce732a735e5bad4868a03f3ed65ca0c3919"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "toml_edit",
+ "toml_edit 0.19.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7678,7 +7678,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tower-http",
  "tracing",
@@ -8802,22 +8801,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_with_macros 1.5.2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_with"
-version = "2.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "07ff71d2c147a7b57362cead5e22f772cd52f6ab31cfcd9edcd7f6aeb2a0afbe"
-dependencies = [
- "base64 0.13.1",
- "chrono",
- "hex",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "serde_with_macros 2.3.3",
- "time",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
 version = "3.3.0"
@@ -8847,18 +8830,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "2.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "881b6f881b17d13214e5d494c939ebab463d01264ce1811e9d4ac3a882e7695f"
-dependencies = [
- "darling 0.20.3",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.37",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
 version = "3.3.0"
@@ -10014,7 +9985,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime",
- "toml_edit",
+ "toml_edit 0.19.15",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "185d8ab0dfbb35cf1399a6344d8484209c088f75f8f68230da55d48d95d43e3d"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "serde_spanned",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_edit 0.20.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10039,6 +10022,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "winnow",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_edit"
+version = "0.20.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "396e4d48bbb2b7554c944bde63101b5ae446cff6ec4a24227428f15eb72ef338"
+dependencies = [
+ "indexmap 2.0.0",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_spanned",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "winnow",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic"
 version = "0.9.2"
@@ -10099,19 +10095,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tonic-build"
-version = "0.9.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a6fdaae4c2c638bb70fe42803a26fbd6fc6ac8c72f5c59f67ecc2a2dcabf4b07"
-dependencies = [
- "prettyplease 0.1.25",
- "proc-macro2",
- "prost-build 0.11.9",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
 version = "0.10.2"
@@ -11015,7 +10998,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-util",
  "toml_datetime",
- "toml_edit",
+ "toml_edit 0.19.15",
  "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index c674a38f2fea7..8c7030ed0d619 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ aws-smithy-http = "0.55"
 aws-smithy-types = "0.55"
 aws-endpoint = "0.55"
 aws-types = "0.55"
-etcd-client = { package = "madsim-etcd-client", version = "0.3" }
+etcd-client = { package = "madsim-etcd-client", version = "0.4" }
 futures-async-stream = "0.2"
 hytra = "0.1"
 rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = [
@@ -231,4 +231,4 @@ tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e
 tokio-retry = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-tokio-retry.git", rev = "95e2fd3" }
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88" }
 # patch: unlimit 4MB message size for grpc client
-etcd-client = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git", rev = "d55550a" }
+etcd-client = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git", rev = "4e84d40" }
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index f33f36bbb5284..f9876eb9cfe25 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
 tokio-retry = "0.3"
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
 tonic = { workspace = true }
-tonic_0_9 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9" }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "load-shed"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 url = "2"
diff --git a/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs b/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
index ccc61a48dd53f..4ea2b8d3fa54f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/storage/etcd_retry_client.rs
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ impl EtcdRetryClient {
     fn should_retry(err: &Error) -> bool {
         match err {
             Error::GRpcStatus(status) => {
-                status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unavailable
-                    || status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unknown
-                    || (status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unauthenticated
+                status.code() == tonic::Code::Unavailable
+                    || status.code() == tonic::Code::Unknown
+                    || (status.code() == tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
                         && status.message().contains("invalid auth token"))
             }
             _ => false,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs b/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
index 84b327862f378..218749dca9421 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/storage/wrapped_etcd_client.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl EtcdRefreshClient {
     fn should_refresh(err: &etcd_client::Error) -> bool {
         match err {
             etcd_client::Error::GRpcStatus(status) => {
-                status.code() == tonic_0_9::Code::Unauthenticated
+                status.code() == tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
                     && status.message().contains("invalid auth token")
             }
             _ => false,

From 2fef0544a7ec4c4fe9921e35f421793c6e68b29a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 18:06:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 272/430] fix: add "ts_ms" in source (#12703)

---
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py               |  4 +++-
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result          | 20 ++++++++--------
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result          | 22 ++++++++---------
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.result          | 24 +++++++++----------
 .../src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs       | 19 +++++++++++++--
 5 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py
index 4d8e375e7a3bf..4ec5e31281d88 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
         if kv[1] == "null":
             value = kv[1]
         else:
-            value = json.loads(kv[1])
             value = json.loads(kv[1])
             # The `ts_ms` field may vary, so we delete it from the json object
             # and assert the remaining fields equal.
             del value["payload"]["ts_ms"]
+            del value["payload"]["source"]["ts_ms"]
         expected_data.append(key)
         expected_data.append(value)
 
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
             # Assert `ts_ms` is an integer here.
             assert isinstance(value["payload"]["ts_ms"], int)
             del value["payload"]["ts_ms"]
+            assert isinstance(value["payload"]["source"]["ts_ms"], int)
+            del value["payload"]["source"]["ts_ms"]
         test_data.append(key)
         test_data.append(value)
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result
index 6c728e55346d9..bc92096cd2c62 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-{"payload":{"id":10},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"after":{"id":10,"v_bigint":20674,"v_double":9042.404483827513,"v_float":19387.23828125,"v_integer":20674,"v_smallint":26951,"v_timestamp":1681404058888,"v_varchar":"0oVqRIHqkb"},"before":null,"op":"c","source":{"db":"dev","table":"t_kafka"},"ts_ms":1693549473650},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"before","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"after","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"source","fields":[{"field":"db","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Source","optional":false,"type":"struct"},{"field":"op","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"ts_ms","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Envelope","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
-{"payload":{"id":1},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"after":{"id":1,"v_bigint":1872,"v_double":23956.39329760601,"v_float":26261.416015625,"v_integer":1872,"v_smallint":31031,"v_timestamp":1681453634104,"v_varchar":"8DfUFencLe"},"before":null,"op":"c","source":{"db":"dev","table":"t_kafka"},"ts_ms":1693549473650},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"before","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"after","fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"source","fields":[{"field":"db","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Source","optional":false,"type":"struct"},{"field":"op","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"ts_ms","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.dev.t_kafka.Envelope","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
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index 369caa70891cd..c1f1524c9a825 100644
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diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
index f002d17e75dfe..637aa23f06410 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
@@ -100,8 +100,11 @@ impl SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter {
                 .unwrap()
                 .as_millis() as u64;
             let source_field = json!({
+                // todo: still some missing fields in source field
+                // ref https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.4/connectors/postgresql.html#postgresql-create-events
                 "db": db_name,
                 "table": sink_from_name,
+                "ts_ms": ts_ms,
             });
 
             let mut update_cache: Option<Map<String, Value>> = None;
@@ -210,7 +213,14 @@ pub(crate) fn schema_to_json(schema: &Schema, db_name: &str, sink_from_name: &st
                 "type": "string",
                 "optional": true,
                 "field": "table"
-            })],
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "type": "int64",
+                "optional": false,
+                "field": "table"
+            }),
+        ],
+
         "field": "source"
     }));
     schema_fields.push(json!({
@@ -295,6 +305,8 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::sink::utils::chunk_to_json;
 
+    const SCHEMA_JSON_RESULT: &str = r#"{"fields":[{"field":"before","fields":[{"field":"v1","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v2","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v3","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"after","fields":[{"field":"v1","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v2","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v3","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key","optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"source","fields":[{"field":"db","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"table","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Source","optional":false,"type":"struct"},{"field":"op","optional":false,"type":"string"},{"field":"ts_ms","optional":false,"type":"int64"}],"name":"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Envelope","optional":false,"type":"struct"}"#;
+
     #[test]
     fn test_chunk_to_json() -> Result<()> {
         let chunk = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
@@ -351,7 +363,10 @@ mod tests {
         let encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema.clone(), None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
         let json_chunk = chunk_to_json(chunk, &encoder).unwrap();
         let schema_json = schema_to_json(&schema, "test_db", "test_table");
-        assert_eq!(schema_json, serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"before\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"after\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"v1\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"int32\"},{\"field\":\"v2\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"float\"},{\"field\":\"v3\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Key\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"source\",\"fields\":[{\"field\":\"db\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"table\",\"optional\":true,\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Source\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"},{\"field\":\"op\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"string\"},{\"field\":\"ts_ms\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"int64\"}],\"name\":\"RisingWave.test_db.test_table.Envelope\",\"optional\":false,\"type\":\"struct\"}").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(
+            schema_json,
+            serde_json::from_str::<Value>(SCHEMA_JSON_RESULT).unwrap()
+        );
         assert_eq!(
             serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&json_chunk[0]).unwrap(),
             serde_json::from_str::<Value>("{\"v1\":0,\"v2\":0.0,\"v3\":{\"v4\":0,\"v5\":0.0}}")

From 5ae9a360daeeefba400e44d066c76e2bc2526ff0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hengm3467 <100685635+hengm3467@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 18:41:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 273/430] chore: Update Slack link to a permanent one in README
 (#12700)

---
 README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dbeb2b15ee171..c1878a2717159 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   </picture>
 </p>
 
-[![Slack](https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack)](https://risingwave-community.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1afreobhd-5Npy1oIpUWvDA~Od6zPxTA#/shared-invite/email)
+[![Slack](https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack)](https://risingwave.com/slack)
 [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/9394d2bca0f87e2e97aa78b25f765c92d4207c0b65e7f6648f.svg)](https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=EB44K9K38B)](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave)
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ To learn about how to use RisingWave, refer to [RisingWave User Documentation](h
 
 ## Community
 
-Looking for help, discussions, collaboration opportunities, or a casual afternoon chat with our fellow engineers and community members? Join our [Slack workspace](https://risingwave-community.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1afreobhd-5Npy1oIpUWvDA~Od6zPxTA#/shared-invite/email)!
+Looking for help, discussions, collaboration opportunities, or a casual afternoon chat with our fellow engineers and community members? Join our [Slack workspace](https://risingwave.com/slack)!
 
 ## License
 

From 7160ba04fe3d206705e1571c59457552e1450f5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinser <aimer@purejs.icu>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 19:30:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 274/430] fix: unify `varchar` format_type display with
 PostgreSQL (#12648)

---
 e2e_test/batch/basic/array.slt.part                  |  4 ++--
 e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part                   |  6 +++---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/format_type.slt.part        |  5 +++++
 e2e_test/udf/udf.slt                                 | 12 ++++++------
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                          |  9 ++++++---
 .../planner_test/tests/testdata/output/array.yaml    |  4 ++--
 .../tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml    |  2 +-
 .../planner_test/tests/testdata/output/expr.yaml     |  2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml          |  4 ++--
 src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs                     |  8 ++++----
 10 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/array.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/array.slt.part
index 329bd7b05074e..3229118b6d001 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/array.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/array.slt.part
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ double precision[]
 query T
 select pg_typeof(arr::varchar[]) from (values ('{1, 2, 3}'), ('{4, 5, 6}')) as t(arr);
 ----
-varchar[]
-varchar[]
+character varying[]
+character varying[]
 
 # Test explicit cast to nested integer array
 query T
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
index ec60f6512406d..32156d252d6e4 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ unknown
 query T
 select pg_typeof('123'::varchar);
 ----
-varchar
+character varying
 
 query T
 select pg_typeof('123'::int);
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ unknown
 query T
 select pg_typeof(null::varchar);
 ----
-varchar
+character varying
 
 query T
 select pg_typeof(null::bool);
@@ -649,4 +649,4 @@ select regexp_count('foobar', 'b..', 1, 'g');
 query T
 select regexp_count('💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar亲爱的😭baz这不是爱情❤️‍🔥', '亲爱的😭', 1, 'i');
 ----
-1
\ No newline at end of file
+1
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/format_type.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/format_type.slt.part
index 2f762e7fe7750..2e4079a3ea5b9 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/functions/format_type.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/format_type.slt.part
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ query T
 SELECT format_type(NULL, 0);
 ----
 NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT format_type(1043, '-1');
+----
+character varying
diff --git a/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt b/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
index 110b1c0f373dd..aebfd3d33e697 100644
--- a/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/udf/udf.slt
@@ -71,20 +71,20 @@ as return_all_arrays using link 'http://localhost:8815';
 query TTTTT rowsort
 show functions
 ----
-array_access varchar[], integer varchar (empty) http://localhost:8815
-extract_tcp_info bytea struct<src_ip varchar,dst_ip varchar,src_port smallint,dst_port smallint> (empty) http://localhost:8815
+array_access character varying[], integer character varying (empty) http://localhost:8815
+extract_tcp_info bytea struct<src_ip character varying,dst_ip character varying,src_port smallint,dst_port smallint> (empty) http://localhost:8815
 gcd integer, integer integer (empty) http://localhost:8815
 gcd integer, integer, integer integer (empty) http://localhost:8815
-hex_to_dec varchar numeric (empty) http://localhost:8815
+hex_to_dec character varying numeric (empty) http://localhost:8815
 int_42 (empty) integer (empty) http://localhost:8815
 jsonb_access jsonb, integer jsonb (empty) http://localhost:8815
 jsonb_array_identity jsonb[] jsonb[] (empty) http://localhost:8815
 jsonb_array_struct_identity struct<v jsonb[],len integer> struct<v jsonb[],len integer> (empty) http://localhost:8815
 jsonb_concat jsonb[] jsonb (empty) http://localhost:8815
-return_all boolean, smallint, integer, bigint, real, double precision, numeric, date, time without time zone, timestamp without time zone, interval, varchar, bytea, jsonb struct<bool boolean,i16 smallint,i32 integer,i64 bigint,f32 real,f64 double precision,decimal numeric,date date,time time without time zone,timestamp timestamp without time zone,interval interval,varchar varchar,bytea bytea,jsonb jsonb> (empty) http://localhost:8815
-return_all_arrays boolean[], smallint[], integer[], bigint[], real[], double precision[], numeric[], date[], time without time zone[], timestamp without time zone[], interval[], varchar[], bytea[], jsonb[] struct<bool boolean[],i16 smallint[],i32 integer[],i64 bigint[],f32 real[],f64 double precision[],decimal numeric[],date date[],time time without time zone[],timestamp timestamp without time zone[],interval interval[],varchar varchar[],bytea bytea[],jsonb jsonb[]> (empty) http://localhost:8815
+return_all boolean, smallint, integer, bigint, real, double precision, numeric, date, time without time zone, timestamp without time zone, interval, character varying, bytea, jsonb struct<bool boolean,i16 smallint,i32 integer,i64 bigint,f32 real,f64 double precision,decimal numeric,date date,time time without time zone,timestamp timestamp without time zone,interval interval,varchar character varying,bytea bytea,jsonb jsonb> (empty) http://localhost:8815
+return_all_arrays boolean[], smallint[], integer[], bigint[], real[], double precision[], numeric[], date[], time without time zone[], timestamp without time zone[], interval[], character varying[], bytea[], jsonb[] struct<bool boolean[],i16 smallint[],i32 integer[],i64 bigint[],f32 real[],f64 double precision[],decimal numeric[],date date[],time time without time zone[],timestamp timestamp without time zone[],interval interval[],varchar character varying[],bytea bytea[],jsonb jsonb[]> (empty) http://localhost:8815
 series integer integer (empty) http://localhost:8815
-split varchar struct<word varchar,length integer> (empty) http://localhost:8815
+split character varying struct<word character varying,length integer> (empty) http://localhost:8815
 
 query I
 select int_42();
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index 946030b05ef76..06b3f3d0bfa49 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ pub enum DataType {
     #[display("date")]
     #[from_str(regex = "(?i)^date$")]
     Date,
-    #[display("varchar")]
-    #[from_str(regex = "(?i)^varchar$")]
+    #[display("character varying")]
+    #[from_str(regex = "(?i)^character varying$|^varchar$")]
     Varchar,
     #[display("time without time zone")]
     #[from_str(regex = "(?i)^time$|^time without time zone$")]
@@ -1196,7 +1196,10 @@ mod tests {
             vec![DataType::Int32, DataType::Varchar],
             vec!["i".to_string(), "j".to_string()],
         );
-        assert_eq!(format!("{}", d), "struct<i integer,j varchar>".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(
+            format!("{}", d),
+            "struct<i integer,j character varying>".to_string()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/array.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/array.yaml
index 9b467544e0c7d..be957047c6d1a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/array.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/array.yaml
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
     Bind error: failed to bind expression: array_cat('{1}', 2)
 
     Caused by:
-      Bind error: Cannot concatenate varchar and integer
+      Bind error: Cannot concatenate character varying and integer
 - sql: |
     select array_append(array[66], 123);
   logical_plan: |-
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
   sql: |
     create table t (v1 varchar[]);
     insert into t values ('{c,' || 'd}');
-  binder_error: 'Bind error: cannot cast type "varchar" to "varchar[]" in Assign context'
+  binder_error: 'Bind error: cannot cast type "character varying" to "character varying[]" in Assign context'
 - name: string to varchar[] in explicit context
   sql: |
     select ('{c,' || 'd}')::varchar[];
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
index 41c3475ca1d37..51e42cae94a45 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/concat_op_dispatch.yaml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     Bind error: failed to bind expression: ARRAY[1] || s
 
     Caused by:
-      Bind error: Cannot append varchar to integer[]
+      Bind error: Cannot append character varying to integer[]
 - name: jsonb || jsonb -> jsonb
   sql: |
     select '1'::jsonb || '2'::jsonb;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/expr.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/expr.yaml
index 9492491c08aaa..0cfa66218ef79 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/expr.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/expr.yaml
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
     Bind error: failed to bind expression: concat_ws(v1, 1.2)
 
     Caused by:
-      Bind error: cannot cast type "integer" to "varchar" in Implicit context
+      Bind error: cannot cast type "integer" to "character varying" in Implicit context
 - sql: |
     create table t (v1 int);
     select concat_ws() from t;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
index acf1dafc9a11a..26faf08c19bb3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
     Bind error: failed to bind expression: avg(country)
 
     Caused by:
-      Invalid input syntax: Invalid aggregation: avg(struct<address varchar,zipcode varchar>)
+      Invalid input syntax: Invalid aggregation: avg(struct<address character varying,zipcode character varying>)
   create_source:
     format: plain
     encode: protobuf
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
 - sql: |
     create materialized view t as select * from s;
     select (country).address.* from t;
-  binder_error: 'Bind error: type "varchar" is not composite'
+  binder_error: 'Bind error: type "character varying" is not composite'
   create_source:
     format: plain
     encode: protobuf
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
index 1f9f06d0e2278..3e06fbbc62a81 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
@@ -575,12 +575,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         let expected_columns: HashMap<String, String> = maplit::hashmap! {
             "id".into() => "integer".into(),
-            "country.zipcode".into() => "varchar".into(),
+            "country.zipcode".into() => "character varying".into(),
             "zipcode".into() => "bigint".into(),
-            "country.city.address".into() => "varchar".into(),
-            "country.address".into() => "varchar".into(),
+            "country.city.address".into() => "character varying".into(),
+            "country.address".into() => "character varying".into(),
             "country.city".into() => "test.City".into(),
-            "country.city.zipcode".into() => "varchar".into(),
+            "country.city.zipcode".into() => "character varying".into(),
             "rate".into() => "real".into(),
             "country".into() => "test.Country".into(),
         };

From 59dada5841d2de43f613133cb3f645a3e01e65b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 19:55:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 275/430] refactor(heap_profiling): use background heap
 profiling and enable auto dump for compute and compactor (#12694)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs          |   3 +
 src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs     | 120 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs   |  12 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      |  12 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs   |  62 +--------
 src/compute/src/server.rs                     |  13 +-
 src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs              |   5 +
 src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs           |  35 ++++-
 10 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7e621976c2ef8..83ff632170c8d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7091,6 +7091,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sysinfo",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tinyvec",
  "toml 0.7.8",
  "tower-layer",
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index a9b1ef1c95d7f..fd105333f645d 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 sysinfo = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
 thiserror = "1"
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["rustc_1_55", "grab_spare_slice"] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
index 3aacd46b30134..f6ffb66d836d7 100644
--- a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
@@ -17,3 +17,6 @@ pub const AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX: &str = "auto.heap";
 pub const COLLAPSED_SUFFIX: &str = "collapsed";
 
 pub mod jeprof;
+pub mod profiler;
+
+pub use profiler::HeapProfiler;
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fbf972d94f2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use parking_lot::Once;
+use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
+    epoch as jemalloc_epoch, opt as jemalloc_opt, prof as jemalloc_prof, stats as jemalloc_stats,
+};
+use tokio::time::{self, Duration};
+
+use super::AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX;
+use crate::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
+
+pub struct HeapProfiler {
+    config: HeapProfilingConfig,
+    threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile: usize,
+    jemalloc_dump_mib: jemalloc_prof::dump_mib,
+    jemalloc_allocated_mib: jemalloc_stats::allocated_mib,
+    jemalloc_epoch_mib: tikv_jemalloc_ctl::epoch_mib,
+    /// If jemalloc profiling is enabled
+    opt_prof: bool,
+}
+
+impl HeapProfiler {
+    pub fn new(total_memory: usize, config: HeapProfilingConfig) -> Self {
+        let threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile =
+            (total_memory as f64 * config.threshold_auto as f64) as usize;
+        let jemalloc_dump_mib = jemalloc_prof::dump::mib().unwrap();
+        let jemalloc_allocated_mib = jemalloc_stats::allocated::mib().unwrap();
+        let jemalloc_epoch_mib = jemalloc_epoch::mib().unwrap();
+        let opt_prof = jemalloc_opt::prof::read().unwrap();
+
+        Self {
+            config,
+            threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile,
+            jemalloc_dump_mib,
+            jemalloc_allocated_mib,
+            jemalloc_epoch_mib,
+            opt_prof,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn dump_heap_prof(&self, cur_used_memory_bytes: usize, prev_used_memory_bytes: usize) {
+        if !self.config.enable_auto {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if cur_used_memory_bytes > self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
+            && prev_used_memory_bytes <= self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
+        {
+            if !self.opt_prof {
+                tracing::info!("Cannot dump heap profile because Jemalloc prof is not enabled");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S");
+            let file_name = format!("{}.{}", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX);
+
+            let file_path = Path::new(&self.config.dir)
+                .join(&file_name)
+                .to_str()
+                .expect("file path is not valid utf8")
+                .to_owned();
+            let file_path_c = CString::new(file_path).expect("0 byte in file path");
+
+            // FIXME(yuhao): `unsafe` here because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
+            if let Err(e) = self
+                .jemalloc_dump_mib
+                .write(unsafe { &*(file_path_c.as_c_str() as *const _) })
+            {
+                tracing::warn!("Auto Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
+            } else {
+                tracing::info!("Successfully dumped heap profile to {}", file_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn advance_jemalloc_epoch(&self, prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes: usize) -> usize {
+        if let Err(e) = self.jemalloc_epoch_mib.advance() {
+            tracing::warn!("Jemalloc epoch advance failed! {:?}", e);
+        }
+
+        self.jemalloc_allocated_mib.read().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            tracing::warn!("Jemalloc read allocated failed! {:?}", e);
+            prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn start(self) {
+        static START: Once = Once::new();
+        START.call_once(|| {
+            fs::create_dir_all(&self.config.dir).unwrap();
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(500));
+                let mut prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes = 0;
+                loop {
+                    interval.tick().await;
+                    let jemalloc_allocated_bytes =
+                        self.advance_jemalloc_epoch(prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes);
+                    self.dump_heap_prof(jemalloc_allocated_bytes, prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes);
+                    prev_jemalloc_allocated_bytes = jemalloc_allocated_bytes;
+                }
+            });
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
index 4f011debd77d6..3e8e0fb6c0a47 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
@@ -12,13 +12,11 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::fs;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::SystemParamsReaderRef;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
@@ -44,16 +42,10 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
     // especially when it's 0.
     const MIN_TICK_INTERVAL_MS: u32 = 10;
 
-    pub fn new(
-        metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
-        total_memory_bytes: usize,
-        heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
-    ) -> Arc<Self> {
-        let memory_control_policy =
-            build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes, heap_profiling_config.clone());
+    pub fn new(metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>, total_memory_bytes: usize) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let memory_control_policy = build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes);
         tracing::info!("memory control policy: {:?}", &memory_control_policy);
 
-        fs::create_dir_all(&heap_profiling_config.dir).unwrap();
         Arc::new(Self {
             watermark_epoch: Arc::new(0.into()),
             metrics,
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 66f105a02607b..014de7144ef05 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::{HeapProfilingConfig, StorageConfig, StorageMemoryConfig};
+use risingwave_common::config::{StorageConfig, StorageMemoryConfig};
 use risingwave_common::util::pretty_bytes::convert;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 
@@ -67,16 +67,10 @@ pub trait MemoryControl: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug {
     ) -> MemoryControlStats;
 }
 
-pub fn build_memory_control_policy(
-    total_memory_bytes: usize,
-    heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
-) -> MemoryControlRef {
+pub fn build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes: usize) -> MemoryControlRef {
     use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
 
-    Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(
-        total_memory_bytes,
-        heap_profiling_config,
-    ))
+    Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(total_memory_bytes))
 }
 
 /// `DummyPolicy` is used for operarting systems other than Linux. It does nothing as memory control
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index cea094b0b15d5..71e85c6149258 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -12,20 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::ffi::CString;
-use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use chrono;
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
-use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
-use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
-    epoch as jemalloc_epoch, opt as jemalloc_opt, prof as jemalloc_prof, stats as jemalloc_stats,
-};
+use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{epoch as jemalloc_epoch, stats as jemalloc_stats};
 
 use super::{MemoryControl, MemoryControlStats};
 
@@ -36,14 +29,10 @@ pub struct JemallocMemoryControl {
     threshold_stable: usize,
     threshold_graceful: usize,
     threshold_aggressive: usize,
-    threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile: usize,
 
     jemalloc_epoch_mib: tikv_jemalloc_ctl::epoch_mib,
     jemalloc_allocated_mib: jemalloc_stats::allocated_mib,
     jemalloc_active_mib: jemalloc_stats::active_mib,
-    jemalloc_dump_mib: jemalloc_prof::dump_mib,
-
-    heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig,
 }
 
 impl JemallocMemoryControl {
@@ -51,28 +40,22 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
     const THRESHOLD_GRACEFUL: f64 = 0.8;
     const THRESHOLD_STABLE: f64 = 0.7;
 
-    pub fn new(total_memory: usize, heap_profiling_config: HeapProfilingConfig) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(total_memory: usize) -> Self {
         let threshold_stable = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_STABLE) as usize;
         let threshold_graceful = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_GRACEFUL) as usize;
         let threshold_aggressive = (total_memory as f64 * Self::THRESHOLD_AGGRESSIVE) as usize;
-        let threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile =
-            (total_memory as f64 * heap_profiling_config.threshold_auto as f64) as usize;
 
         let jemalloc_epoch_mib = jemalloc_epoch::mib().unwrap();
         let jemalloc_allocated_mib = jemalloc_stats::allocated::mib().unwrap();
         let jemalloc_active_mib = jemalloc_stats::active::mib().unwrap();
-        let jemalloc_dump_mib = jemalloc_prof::dump::mib().unwrap();
 
         Self {
             threshold_stable,
             threshold_graceful,
             threshold_aggressive,
-            threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile,
             jemalloc_epoch_mib,
             jemalloc_allocated_mib,
             jemalloc_active_mib,
-            jemalloc_dump_mib,
-            heap_profiling_config,
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,42 +79,6 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
             }),
         )
     }
-
-    fn dump_heap_prof(&self, cur_used_memory_bytes: usize, prev_used_memory_bytes: usize) {
-        if !self.heap_profiling_config.enable_auto {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if cur_used_memory_bytes > self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
-            && prev_used_memory_bytes <= self.threshold_auto_dump_heap_profile
-        {
-            let opt_prof = jemalloc_opt::prof::read().unwrap();
-            if !opt_prof {
-                tracing::info!("Cannot dump heap profile because Jemalloc prof is not enabled");
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let time_prefix = chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S");
-            let file_name = format!("{}.{}", time_prefix, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX);
-
-            let file_path = Path::new(&self.heap_profiling_config.dir)
-                .join(&file_name)
-                .to_str()
-                .expect("file path is not valid utf8")
-                .to_owned();
-            let file_path_c = CString::new(file_path).expect("0 byte in file path");
-
-            // FIXME(yuhao): `unsafe` here because `jemalloc_dump_mib.write` requires static lifetime
-            if let Err(e) = self
-                .jemalloc_dump_mib
-                .write(unsafe { &*(file_path_c.as_c_str() as *const _) })
-            {
-                tracing::warn!("Auto Jemalloc dump heap file failed! {:?}", e);
-            } else {
-                tracing::info!("Successfully dumped heap profile to {}", file_name);
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for JemallocMemoryControl {
@@ -158,11 +105,6 @@ impl MemoryControl for JemallocMemoryControl {
             prev_memory_stats.jemalloc_active_bytes,
         );
 
-        self.dump_heap_prof(
-            jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
-            prev_memory_stats.jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
-        );
-
         // Streaming memory control
         //
         // We calculate the watermark of the LRU cache, which provides hints for streaming executors
diff --git a/src/compute/src/server.rs b/src/compute/src/server.rs
index 28a63ddf2b7e7..02d7d6683ea8c 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/server.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::config::{
     load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, StorageMemoryConfig,
     MAX_CONNECTION_WINDOW_SIZE, STREAM_WINDOW_SIZE,
 };
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::LocalSystemParamsManager;
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::manager::TelemetryManager;
@@ -284,12 +285,8 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
     let batch_mgr_clone = batch_mgr.clone();
     let stream_mgr_clone = stream_mgr.clone();
 
-    let memory_mgr = GlobalMemoryManager::new(
-        streaming_metrics.clone(),
-        total_memory_bytes,
-        config.server.heap_profiling.clone(),
-    );
-    // Run a background memory monitor
+    let memory_mgr = GlobalMemoryManager::new(streaming_metrics.clone(), total_memory_bytes);
+    // Run a background memory manager
     tokio::spawn(memory_mgr.clone().run(
         batch_mgr_clone,
         stream_mgr_clone,
@@ -297,6 +294,10 @@ pub async fn compute_node_serve(
         system_params_manager.watch_params(),
     ));
 
+    let heap_profiler = HeapProfiler::new(total_memory_bytes, config.server.heap_profiling.clone());
+    // Run a background heap profiler
+    heap_profiler.start();
+
     let watermark_epoch = memory_mgr.get_watermark_epoch();
     // Set back watermark epoch to stream mgr. Executor will read epoch from stream manager instead
     // of lru manager.
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
index c7ddcd8c22340..b269b2aec73d8 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/lib.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ pub struct CompactorOpts {
     #[override_opts(path = streaming.async_stack_trace)]
     pub async_stack_trace: Option<AsyncStackTraceOption>,
 
+    /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_HEAP_PROFILING_DIR")]
+    #[override_opts(path = server.heap_profiling.dir)]
+    pub heap_profiling_dir: Option<String>,
+
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
     #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms)]
     pub object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
index 779eec208f72c..50bfa6cdb0634 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::config::{
     extract_storage_memory_config, load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, RwConfig,
 };
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::LocalSystemParamsManager;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ pub async fn prepare_start_parameters(
 ) -> (
     Arc<SstableStore>,
     Arc<MemoryLimiter>,
+    HeapProfiler,
     Option<Arc<RwLock<await_tree::Registry<String>>>>,
     Arc<StorageOpts>,
     Arc<CompactorMetrics>,
@@ -142,6 +144,11 @@ pub async fn prepare_start_parameters(
         storage_memory_config,
     ));
 
+    let heap_profiler = HeapProfiler::new(
+        total_memory_available_bytes,
+        config.server.heap_profiling.clone(),
+    );
+
     monitor_cache(memory_collector);
 
     let await_tree_config = match &config.streaming.async_stack_trace {
@@ -157,6 +164,7 @@ pub async fn prepare_start_parameters(
     (
         sstable_store,
         memory_limiter,
+        heap_profiler,
         await_tree_reg,
         storage_opts,
         compactor_metrics,
@@ -199,8 +207,14 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
         hummock_metrics.clone(),
     ));
 
-    let (sstable_store, memory_limiter, await_tree_reg, storage_opts, compactor_metrics) =
-        prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params_reader.clone()).await;
+    let (
+        sstable_store,
+        memory_limiter,
+        heap_profiler,
+        await_tree_reg,
+        storage_opts,
+        compactor_metrics,
+    ) = prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params_reader.clone()).await;
 
     let filter_key_extractor_manager = Arc::new(RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager::new(Box::new(
         RemoteTableAccessor::new(meta_client.clone()),
@@ -213,6 +227,9 @@ pub async fn compactor_serve(
     let observer_manager =
         ObserverManager::new_with_meta_client(meta_client.clone(), compactor_observer_node).await;
 
+    // Run a background heap profiler
+    heap_profiler.start();
+
     // use half of limit because any memory which would hold in meta-cache will be allocate by
     // limited at first.
     let observer_join_handle = observer_manager.start().await;
@@ -336,12 +353,22 @@ pub async fn shared_compactor_serve(
         .expect("Fail to get system params, the compactor pod cannot be started.");
     let system_params = system_params_response.into_inner().params.unwrap();
 
-    let (sstable_store, memory_limiter, await_tree_reg, storage_opts, compactor_metrics) =
-        prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params.into()).await;
+    let (
+        sstable_store,
+        memory_limiter,
+        heap_profiler,
+        await_tree_reg,
+        storage_opts,
+        compactor_metrics,
+    ) = prepare_start_parameters(config.clone(), system_params.into()).await;
     let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
     let compactor_srv: CompactorServiceImpl = CompactorServiceImpl::new(sender);
 
     let monitor_srv = MonitorServiceImpl::new(await_tree_reg.clone());
+
+    // Run a background heap profiler
+    heap_profiler.start();
+
     let (shutdown_send, mut shutdown_recv) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
     let compactor_context = CompactorContext {
         storage_opts,

From 95e01360fbacf9e88693fa2f5514ecd8788bee3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 10:55:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 276/430] feat(java-binding): store java binding row in iter
 (#12533)

---
 .../connector/api/sink/ArraySinkRow.java      |   3 -
 .../connector/api/sink/SinkRow.java           |   2 +-
 .../com/risingwave/connector/FileSink.java    |  41 ++-
 .../deserializer/StreamChunkDeserializer.java |  17 -
 .../risingwave/connector/DeltaLakeSink.java   |  39 ++-
 .../java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java |   7 +-
 .../AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter.java          | 103 +++---
 .../connector/UpsertIcebergSinkWriter.java    |  95 +++---
 .../com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java    |  25 +-
 .../java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java    |  11 +-
 .../java/binding/HummockReadDemo.java         |  11 +-
 .../java/binding/StreamChunkDemo.java         |  11 +-
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/BaseRow.java  |  44 +--
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java  |  61 ++--
 .../java/binding/HummockIterator.java         |   8 +-
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/KeyedRow.java |   2 +-
 .../java/binding/StreamChunkIterator.java     |  10 +-
 .../java/binding/StreamChunkRow.java          |   2 +-
 java/pom.xml                                  |   2 +
 src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs          |  32 +-
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       | 301 +++++++++---------
 src/jni_core/src/macros.rs                    |  61 ++--
 src/jni_core/src/stream_chunk_iterator.rs     |  48 +--
 23 files changed, 410 insertions(+), 526 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/ArraySinkRow.java b/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/ArraySinkRow.java
index e443a7d3e286e..9140558c41cd6 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/ArraySinkRow.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/ArraySinkRow.java
@@ -39,7 +39,4 @@ public Data.Op getOp() {
     public int size() {
         return values.length;
     }
-
-    @Override
-    public void close() throws Exception {}
 }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/SinkRow.java b/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/SinkRow.java
index 0ae0aa3facf7e..dcddfc07479b6 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/SinkRow.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/connector-api/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/api/sink/SinkRow.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 import com.risingwave.proto.Data;
 
-public interface SinkRow extends AutoCloseable {
+public interface SinkRow {
     Object get(int index);
 
     Data.Op getOp();
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/FileSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/FileSink.java
index 5ea2db204a06c..0959b389e55ca 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/FileSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/FileSink.java
@@ -60,28 +60,25 @@ public FileSink(FileSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
     @Override
     public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                switch (row.getOp()) {
-                    case INSERT:
-                        String buf =
-                                new Gson()
-                                        .toJson(
-                                                IntStream.range(0, row.size())
-                                                        .mapToObj(row::get)
-                                                        .toArray());
-                        try {
-                            sinkWriter.write(buf + System.lineSeparator());
-                        } catch (IOException e) {
-                            throw INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException();
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        throw UNIMPLEMENTED
-                                .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
-                                .asRuntimeException();
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            switch (row.getOp()) {
+                case INSERT:
+                    String buf =
+                            new Gson()
+                                    .toJson(
+                                            IntStream.range(0, row.size())
+                                                    .mapToObj(row::get)
+                                                    .toArray());
+                    try {
+                        sinkWriter.write(buf + System.lineSeparator());
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        throw INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException();
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw UNIMPLEMENTED
+                            .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
+                            .asRuntimeException();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/deserializer/StreamChunkDeserializer.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/deserializer/StreamChunkDeserializer.java
index a8175bb2f738d..ab9a9068fabb9 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/deserializer/StreamChunkDeserializer.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/deserializer/StreamChunkDeserializer.java
@@ -251,14 +251,12 @@ public CloseableIterator<SinkRow> deserialize(
 
     static class StreamChunkRowWrapper implements SinkRow {
 
-        private boolean isClosed;
         private final StreamChunkRow inner;
         private final ValueGetter[] valueGetters;
 
         StreamChunkRowWrapper(StreamChunkRow inner, ValueGetter[] valueGetters) {
             this.inner = inner;
             this.valueGetters = valueGetters;
-            this.isClosed = false;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -275,14 +273,6 @@ public Data.Op getOp() {
         public int size() {
             return valueGetters.length;
         }
-
-        @Override
-        public void close() {
-            if (!isClosed) {
-                this.isClosed = true;
-                inner.close();
-            }
-        }
     }
 
     static class StreamChunkIteratorWrapper implements CloseableIterator<SinkRow> {
@@ -299,13 +289,6 @@ public StreamChunkIteratorWrapper(StreamChunkIterator iter, ValueGetter[] valueG
         @Override
         public void close() {
             iter.close();
-            try {
-                if (row != null) {
-                    row.close();
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
-            }
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/DeltaLakeSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/DeltaLakeSink.java
index 1b3a7c28d97a9..413edeb10df81 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/DeltaLakeSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/DeltaLakeSink.java
@@ -75,27 +75,24 @@ public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
             }
         }
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                switch (row.getOp()) {
-                    case INSERT:
-                        GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(this.sinkSchema);
-                        for (int i = 0; i < this.sinkSchema.getFields().size(); i++) {
-                            record.put(i, row.get(i));
-                        }
-                        try {
-                            this.parquetWriter.write(record);
-                            this.numOutputRows += 1;
-                        } catch (IOException ioException) {
-                            throw INTERNAL.withCause(ioException).asRuntimeException();
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        throw UNIMPLEMENTED
-                                .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
-                                .asRuntimeException();
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            switch (row.getOp()) {
+                case INSERT:
+                    GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(this.sinkSchema);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < this.sinkSchema.getFields().size(); i++) {
+                        record.put(i, row.get(i));
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        this.parquetWriter.write(record);
+                        this.numOutputRows += 1;
+                    } catch (IOException ioException) {
+                        throw INTERNAL.withCause(ioException).asRuntimeException();
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw UNIMPLEMENTED
+                            .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
+                            .asRuntimeException();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
index 178c76edf3e40..f9c266f0af117 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/EsSink.java
@@ -276,10 +276,11 @@ private void writeRow(SinkRow row) throws JsonMappingException, JsonProcessingEx
     @Override
     public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            try {
                 writeRow(row);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter.java
index 6a6aad0a460e0..6b60eedd23d37 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter.java
@@ -55,62 +55,57 @@ public AppendOnlyIcebergSinkWriter(
     @Override
     public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                switch (row.getOp()) {
-                    case INSERT:
-                        Record record = GenericRecord.create(rowSchema);
-                        if (row.size() != tableSchema.getColumnNames().length) {
-                            throw INTERNAL.withDescription("row values do not match table schema")
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            switch (row.getOp()) {
+                case INSERT:
+                    Record record = GenericRecord.create(rowSchema);
+                    if (row.size() != tableSchema.getColumnNames().length) {
+                        throw INTERNAL.withDescription("row values do not match table schema")
+                                .asRuntimeException();
+                    }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < rowSchema.columns().size(); i++) {
+                        record.set(i, row.get(i));
+                    }
+                    PartitionKey partitionKey =
+                            new PartitionKey(icebergTable.spec(), icebergTable.schema());
+                    partitionKey.partition(record);
+                    DataWriter<Record> dataWriter;
+                    if (dataWriterMap.containsKey(partitionKey)) {
+                        dataWriter = dataWriterMap.get(partitionKey);
+                    } else {
+                        try {
+                            String filename = fileFormat.addExtension(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+                            OutputFile outputFile =
+                                    icebergTable
+                                            .io()
+                                            .newOutputFile(
+                                                    icebergTable.location()
+                                                            + "/data/"
+                                                            + icebergTable
+                                                                    .spec()
+                                                                    .partitionToPath(partitionKey)
+                                                            + "/"
+                                                            + filename);
+                            dataWriter =
+                                    Parquet.writeData(outputFile)
+                                            .schema(rowSchema)
+                                            .withSpec(icebergTable.spec())
+                                            .withPartition(partitionKey)
+                                            .createWriterFunc(GenericParquetWriter::buildWriter)
+                                            .overwrite()
+                                            .build();
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            throw INTERNAL.withDescription("failed to create dataWriter")
                                     .asRuntimeException();
                         }
-                        for (int i = 0; i < rowSchema.columns().size(); i++) {
-                            record.set(i, row.get(i));
-                        }
-                        PartitionKey partitionKey =
-                                new PartitionKey(icebergTable.spec(), icebergTable.schema());
-                        partitionKey.partition(record);
-                        DataWriter<Record> dataWriter;
-                        if (dataWriterMap.containsKey(partitionKey)) {
-                            dataWriter = dataWriterMap.get(partitionKey);
-                        } else {
-                            try {
-                                String filename =
-                                        fileFormat.addExtension(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
-                                OutputFile outputFile =
-                                        icebergTable
-                                                .io()
-                                                .newOutputFile(
-                                                        icebergTable.location()
-                                                                + "/data/"
-                                                                + icebergTable
-                                                                        .spec()
-                                                                        .partitionToPath(
-                                                                                partitionKey)
-                                                                + "/"
-                                                                + filename);
-                                dataWriter =
-                                        Parquet.writeData(outputFile)
-                                                .schema(rowSchema)
-                                                .withSpec(icebergTable.spec())
-                                                .withPartition(partitionKey)
-                                                .createWriterFunc(GenericParquetWriter::buildWriter)
-                                                .overwrite()
-                                                .build();
-                            } catch (Exception e) {
-                                throw INTERNAL.withDescription("failed to create dataWriter")
-                                        .asRuntimeException();
-                            }
-                            dataWriterMap.put(partitionKey, dataWriter);
-                        }
-                        dataWriter.write(record);
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        throw UNIMPLEMENTED
-                                .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
-                                .asRuntimeException();
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                        dataWriterMap.put(partitionKey, dataWriter);
+                    }
+                    dataWriter.write(record);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw UNIMPLEMENTED
+                            .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
+                            .asRuntimeException();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/UpsertIcebergSinkWriter.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/UpsertIcebergSinkWriter.java
index 10fca804acf64..e1d649f028bf8 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/UpsertIcebergSinkWriter.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/UpsertIcebergSinkWriter.java
@@ -142,57 +142,52 @@ private List<Comparable<Object>> getKeyFromRow(SinkRow row) {
     @Override
     public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                if (row.size() != tableSchema.getColumnNames().length) {
-                    throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
-                            .withDescription("row values do not match table schema")
-                            .asRuntimeException();
-                }
-                Record record = newRecord(rowSchema, row);
-                PartitionKey partitionKey =
-                        new PartitionKey(icebergTable.spec(), icebergTable.schema());
-                partitionKey.partition(record);
-                SinkRowMap sinkRowMap;
-                if (sinkRowMapByPartition.containsKey(partitionKey)) {
-                    sinkRowMap = sinkRowMapByPartition.get(partitionKey);
-                } else {
-                    sinkRowMap = new SinkRowMap();
-                    sinkRowMapByPartition.put(partitionKey, sinkRowMap);
-                }
-                switch (row.getOp()) {
-                    case INSERT:
-                        sinkRowMap.insert(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(rowSchema, row));
-                        break;
-                    case DELETE:
-                        sinkRowMap.delete(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(deleteRowSchema, row));
-                        break;
-                    case UPDATE_DELETE:
-                        if (updateBufferExists) {
-                            throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
-                                    .withDescription(
-                                            "an UPDATE_INSERT should precede an UPDATE_DELETE")
-                                    .asRuntimeException();
-                        }
-                        sinkRowMap.delete(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(deleteRowSchema, row));
-                        updateBufferExists = true;
-                        break;
-                    case UPDATE_INSERT:
-                        if (!updateBufferExists) {
-                            throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
-                                    .withDescription(
-                                            "an UPDATE_INSERT should precede an UPDATE_DELETE")
-                                    .asRuntimeException();
-                        }
-                        sinkRowMap.insert(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(rowSchema, row));
-                        updateBufferExists = false;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        throw UNIMPLEMENTED
-                                .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            if (row.size() != tableSchema.getColumnNames().length) {
+                throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
+                        .withDescription("row values do not match table schema")
+                        .asRuntimeException();
+            }
+            Record record = newRecord(rowSchema, row);
+            PartitionKey partitionKey =
+                    new PartitionKey(icebergTable.spec(), icebergTable.schema());
+            partitionKey.partition(record);
+            SinkRowMap sinkRowMap;
+            if (sinkRowMapByPartition.containsKey(partitionKey)) {
+                sinkRowMap = sinkRowMapByPartition.get(partitionKey);
+            } else {
+                sinkRowMap = new SinkRowMap();
+                sinkRowMapByPartition.put(partitionKey, sinkRowMap);
+            }
+            switch (row.getOp()) {
+                case INSERT:
+                    sinkRowMap.insert(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(rowSchema, row));
+                    break;
+                case DELETE:
+                    sinkRowMap.delete(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(deleteRowSchema, row));
+                    break;
+                case UPDATE_DELETE:
+                    if (updateBufferExists) {
+                        throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
+                                .withDescription("an UPDATE_INSERT should precede an UPDATE_DELETE")
                                 .asRuntimeException();
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                    }
+                    sinkRowMap.delete(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(deleteRowSchema, row));
+                    updateBufferExists = true;
+                    break;
+                case UPDATE_INSERT:
+                    if (!updateBufferExists) {
+                        throw Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
+                                .withDescription("an UPDATE_INSERT should precede an UPDATE_DELETE")
+                                .asRuntimeException();
+                    }
+                    sinkRowMap.insert(getKeyFromRow(row), newRecord(rowSchema, row));
+                    updateBufferExists = false;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw UNIMPLEMENTED
+                            .withDescription("unsupported operation: " + row.getOp())
+                            .asRuntimeException();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
index fe23c7db5d846..db09572c30db8 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
@@ -219,22 +219,19 @@ public void write(Iterator<SinkRow> rows) {
         PreparedStatement insertStatement = null;
 
         while (rows.hasNext()) {
-            try (SinkRow row = rows.next()) {
-                if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.UPDATE_DELETE) {
-                    updateFlag = true;
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (config.isUpsertSink()) {
-                    if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.DELETE) {
-                        deleteStatement = prepareDeleteStatement(row);
-                    } else {
-                        upsertStatement = prepareUpsertStatement(row);
-                    }
+            SinkRow row = rows.next();
+            if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.UPDATE_DELETE) {
+                updateFlag = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (config.isUpsertSink()) {
+                if (row.getOp() == Data.Op.DELETE) {
+                    deleteStatement = prepareDeleteStatement(row);
                 } else {
-                    insertStatement = prepareInsertStatement(row);
+                    upsertStatement = prepareUpsertStatement(row);
                 }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            } else {
+                insertStatement = prepareInsertStatement(row);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
index 628d1405c8d81..9ca6c4781983f 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
+++ b/java/java-binding-benchmark/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamchunkBenchmark.java
@@ -67,13 +67,12 @@ public void streamchunkTest() {
         var iter = iterOfIter.next();
         int count = 0;
         while (true) {
-            try (StreamChunkRow row = iter.next()) {
-                if (row == null) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                count += 1;
-                getValue(row);
+            StreamChunkRow row = iter.next();
+            if (row == null) {
+                break;
             }
+            count += 1;
+            getValue(row);
         }
         if (count != loopTime) {
             throw new RuntimeException(
diff --git a/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockReadDemo.java b/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockReadDemo.java
index 9f4038cf3f9a3..f1996bb96f43d 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockReadDemo.java
+++ b/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockReadDemo.java
@@ -72,13 +72,12 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
             try (HummockIterator iter = new HummockIterator(readPlan)) {
                 int count = 0;
                 while (true) {
-                    try (KeyedRow row = iter.next()) {
-                        if (row == null) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        count += 1;
-                        validateRow(row);
+                    KeyedRow row = iter.next();
+                    if (row == null) {
+                        break;
                     }
+                    count += 1;
+                    validateRow(row);
                 }
                 int expectedCount = 30000;
                 if (count != expectedCount) {
diff --git a/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkDemo.java b/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkDemo.java
index 0cc6977de2f0c..ad59a74e4c20c 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkDemo.java
+++ b/java/java-binding-integration-test/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkDemo.java
@@ -25,13 +25,12 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
         try (StreamChunkIterator iter = new StreamChunkIterator(payload)) {
             int count = 0;
             while (true) {
-                try (StreamChunkRow row = iter.next()) {
-                    if (row == null) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    count += 1;
-                    validateRow(row);
+                StreamChunkRow row = iter.next();
+                if (row == null) {
+                    break;
                 }
+                count += 1;
+                validateRow(row);
             }
             int expectedCount = 30000;
             if (count != expectedCount) {
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/BaseRow.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/BaseRow.java
index a12978d92e995..d9fb28115b68c 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/BaseRow.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/BaseRow.java
@@ -14,75 +14,73 @@
 
 package com.risingwave.java.binding;
 
-public class BaseRow implements AutoCloseable {
+public class BaseRow {
     protected final long pointer;
-    private boolean isClosed;
 
     protected BaseRow(long pointer) {
         this.pointer = pointer;
-        this.isClosed = false;
     }
 
     public boolean isNull(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowIsNull(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorIsNull(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public short getShort(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetInt16Value(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetInt16Value(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public int getInt(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetInt32Value(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetInt32Value(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public long getLong(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetInt64Value(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetInt64Value(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public float getFloat(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetFloatValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetFloatValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public double getDouble(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetDoubleValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetDoubleValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public boolean getBoolean(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetBooleanValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetBooleanValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public String getString(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetStringValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetStringValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public java.sql.Timestamp getTimestamp(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetTimestampValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetTimestampValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public java.sql.Time getTime(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetTimeValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetTimeValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public java.math.BigDecimal getDecimal(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetDecimalValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetDecimalValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public java.sql.Date getDate(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetDateValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetDateValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     // string representation of interval: "2 mons 3 days 00:00:00.000004" or "P1Y2M3DT4H5M6.789123S"
     public String getInterval(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetIntervalValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetIntervalValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     // string representation of jsonb: '{"key": "value"}'
     public String getJsonb(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetJsonbValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetJsonbValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     public byte[] getBytea(int index) {
-        return Binding.rowGetByteaValue(pointer, index);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetByteaValue(pointer, index);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -92,16 +90,8 @@ public byte[] getBytea(int index) {
      *     Object[] elements)
      */
     public <T> Object[] getArray(int index, Class<T> clazz) {
-        var val = Binding.rowGetArrayValue(pointer, index, clazz);
+        var val = Binding.iteratorGetArrayValue(pointer, index, clazz);
         assert (val instanceof Object[]);
         return (Object[]) val;
     }
-
-    @Override
-    public void close() {
-        if (!isClosed) {
-            isClosed = true;
-            Binding.rowClose(pointer);
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
index f72c63ae6d3e6..732bb2e93c532 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
@@ -30,65 +30,52 @@ public class Binding {
 
     // hummock iterator method
     // Return a pointer to the iterator
-    static native long hummockIteratorNew(byte[] readPlan);
+    static native long iteratorNewHummock(byte[] readPlan);
 
-    // return a pointer to the next row
-    static native long hummockIteratorNext(long pointer);
+    static native boolean iteratorNext(long pointer);
 
-    // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
-    // close on the iterator to release the iterator instance pointed by the pointer.
-    static native void hummockIteratorClose(long pointer);
+    static native void iteratorClose(long pointer);
 
-    // row method
-    static native byte[] rowGetKey(long pointer);
+    static native long iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPayload(byte[] streamChunkPayload);
 
-    static native int rowGetOp(long pointer);
+    static native long iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPretty(String str);
 
-    static native boolean rowIsNull(long pointer, int index);
+    static native byte[] iteratorGetKey(long pointer);
 
-    static native short rowGetInt16Value(long pointer, int index);
+    static native int iteratorGetOp(long pointer);
 
-    static native int rowGetInt32Value(long pointer, int index);
+    static native boolean iteratorIsNull(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native long rowGetInt64Value(long pointer, int index);
+    static native short iteratorGetInt16Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native float rowGetFloatValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native int iteratorGetInt32Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native double rowGetDoubleValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native long iteratorGetInt64Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native boolean rowGetBooleanValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native float iteratorGetFloatValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native String rowGetStringValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native double iteratorGetDoubleValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native java.sql.Timestamp rowGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native boolean iteratorGetBooleanValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native java.math.BigDecimal rowGetDecimalValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native String iteratorGetStringValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native java.sql.Time rowGetTimeValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native java.sql.Timestamp iteratorGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native java.sql.Date rowGetDateValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native java.math.BigDecimal iteratorGetDecimalValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native String rowGetIntervalValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native java.sql.Time iteratorGetTimeValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native String rowGetJsonbValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native java.sql.Date iteratorGetDateValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native byte[] rowGetByteaValue(long pointer, int index);
+    static native String iteratorGetIntervalValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    // TODO: object or object array?
-    static native Object rowGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class<?> clazz);
-
-    // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
-    // close on the row to release the row instance pointed by the pointer.
-    static native void rowClose(long pointer);
-
-    // stream chunk iterator method
-    static native long streamChunkIteratorNew(byte[] streamChunkPayload);
+    static native String iteratorGetJsonbValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native long streamChunkIteratorNext(long pointer);
+    static native byte[] iteratorGetByteaValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-    static native void streamChunkIteratorClose(long pointer);
-
-    static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
+    // TODO: object or object array?
+    static native Object iteratorGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class<?> clazz);
 
     public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
 
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockIterator.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockIterator.java
index ced034fd649d9..cf88068ddf615 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockIterator.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/HummockIterator.java
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ public class HummockIterator implements AutoCloseable {
     private boolean isClosed;
 
     public HummockIterator(ReadPlan readPlan) {
-        this.pointer = Binding.hummockIteratorNew(readPlan.toByteArray());
+        this.pointer = Binding.iteratorNewHummock(readPlan.toByteArray());
         this.isClosed = false;
     }
 
     public KeyedRow next() {
-        long pointer = Binding.hummockIteratorNext(this.pointer);
-        if (pointer == 0) {
+        boolean hasNext = Binding.iteratorNext(this.pointer);
+        if (!hasNext) {
             return null;
         }
         return new KeyedRow(pointer);
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public KeyedRow next() {
     public void close() {
         if (!isClosed) {
             isClosed = true;
-            Binding.hummockIteratorClose(pointer);
+            Binding.iteratorClose(pointer);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/KeyedRow.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/KeyedRow.java
index 6bbfdaafebabc..8f1e0b0117ac4 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/KeyedRow.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/KeyedRow.java
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ public KeyedRow(long pointer) {
     }
 
     public byte[] getKey() {
-        return Binding.rowGetKey(pointer);
+        return Binding.iteratorGetKey(pointer);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkIterator.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkIterator.java
index 89693befff700..5b300872bed51 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkIterator.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkIterator.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class StreamChunkIterator implements AutoCloseable {
     private boolean isClosed;
 
     public StreamChunkIterator(byte[] streamChunkPayload) {
-        this.pointer = Binding.streamChunkIteratorNew(streamChunkPayload);
+        this.pointer = Binding.iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPayload(streamChunkPayload);
         this.isClosed = false;
     }
 
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ public StreamChunkIterator(byte[] streamChunkPayload) {
      *     40"
      */
     public StreamChunkIterator(String str) {
-        this.pointer = Binding.streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(str);
+        this.pointer = Binding.iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPretty(str);
         this.isClosed = false;
     }
 
     public StreamChunkRow next() {
-        long pointer = Binding.streamChunkIteratorNext(this.pointer);
-        if (pointer == 0) {
+        boolean hasNext = Binding.iteratorNext(this.pointer);
+        if (!hasNext) {
             return null;
         }
         return new StreamChunkRow(pointer);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public StreamChunkRow next() {
     public void close() {
         if (!isClosed) {
             isClosed = true;
-            Binding.streamChunkIteratorClose(pointer);
+            Binding.iteratorClose(pointer);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkRow.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkRow.java
index 401d3d98f766d..2825d62a0b0ca 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkRow.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/StreamChunkRow.java
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ public StreamChunkRow(long pointer) {
     }
 
     public Data.Op getOp() {
-        return Data.Op.forNumber(Binding.rowGetOp(pointer));
+        return Data.Op.forNumber(Binding.iteratorGetOp(pointer));
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/pom.xml b/java/pom.xml
index 28d7a688a5aef..e72e831b798e5 100644
--- a/java/pom.xml
+++ b/java/pom.xml
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
         <release.version>1.0.0</release.version>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
         <protobuf.version>3.21.1</protobuf.version>
         <grpc.version>1.53.0</grpc.version>
         <gson.version>2.10</gson.version>
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
index 7395a0f82273f..5917d08582998 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
@@ -48,22 +48,6 @@ fn select_all_vnode_stream(
 pub struct HummockJavaBindingIterator {
     row_serde: EitherSerde,
     stream: SelectAllIterStream,
-    pub class_cache: Arc<crate::JavaClassMethodCache>,
-}
-
-pub struct KeyedRow {
-    key: Bytes,
-    row: OwnedRow,
-}
-
-impl KeyedRow {
-    pub fn key(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        self.key.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    pub fn row(&self) -> &OwnedRow {
-        &self.row
-    }
 }
 
 impl HummockJavaBindingIterator {
@@ -136,24 +120,20 @@ impl HummockJavaBindingIterator {
             .into()
         };
 
-        Ok(Self {
-            row_serde,
-            stream,
-            class_cache: Default::default(),
-        })
+        Ok(Self { row_serde, stream })
     }
 
-    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> StorageResult<Option<KeyedRow>> {
+    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> StorageResult<Option<(Bytes, OwnedRow)>> {
         let item = self.stream.try_next().await?;
         Ok(match item {
-            Some((key, value)) => Some(KeyedRow {
-                key: key.user_key.table_key.0,
-                row: OwnedRow::new(
+            Some((key, value)) => Some((
+                key.user_key.table_key.0,
+                OwnedRow::new(
                     self.row_serde
                         .deserialize(&value)
                         .map_err(StorageError::DeserializeRow)?,
                 ),
-            }),
+            )),
             None => None,
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index 3e6a12943b49e..61fe4ae8f2b1f 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ use std::backtrace::Backtrace;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::slice::from_raw_parts;
-use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, OnceLock};
+use std::sync::{LazyLock, OnceLock};
 
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
-use hummock_iterator::{HummockJavaBindingIterator, KeyedRow};
 use jni::objects::{
     AutoElements, GlobalRef, JByteArray, JClass, JMethodID, JObject, JStaticMethodID, JString,
     JValue, JValueGen, JValueOwned, ReleaseMode,
@@ -50,13 +50,15 @@ use risingwave_common::util::panic::rw_catch_unwind;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
     GetEventStreamResponse, SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse,
 };
+use risingwave_pb::data::Op;
 use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
 
+use crate::hummock_iterator::HummockJavaBindingIterator;
 pub use crate::jvm_runtime::register_native_method_for_jvm;
-use crate::stream_chunk_iterator::{StreamChunkIterator, StreamChunkRow};
+use crate::stream_chunk_iterator::{into_iter, StreamChunkRowIterator};
 pub type GetEventStreamJniSender = Sender<GetEventStreamResponse>;
 
 static RUNTIME: LazyLock<Runtime> = LazyLock::new(|| tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap());
@@ -147,15 +149,6 @@ impl<T> From<T> for Pointer<'static, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Pointer<'static, T> {
-    fn null() -> Self {
-        Pointer {
-            pointer: 0,
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'a, T> Pointer<'a, T> {
     fn as_ref(&self) -> &'a T {
         debug_assert!(self.pointer != 0);
@@ -232,12 +225,8 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub enum JavaBindingRowInner {
-    Keyed(KeyedRow),
-    StreamChunk(StreamChunkRow),
-}
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct JavaClassMethodCache {
+struct JavaClassMethodCache {
     big_decimal_ctor: OnceLock<(GlobalRef, JMethodID)>,
     timestamp_ctor: OnceLock<(GlobalRef, JMethodID)>,
 
@@ -245,177 +234,209 @@ pub struct JavaClassMethodCache {
     time_ctor: OnceLock<(GlobalRef, JStaticMethodID)>,
 }
 
-pub struct JavaBindingRow {
-    inner: JavaBindingRowInner,
-    class_cache: Arc<JavaClassMethodCache>,
+enum JavaBindingIteratorInner {
+    Hummock(HummockJavaBindingIterator),
+    StreamChunk(StreamChunkRowIterator),
 }
 
-impl JavaBindingRow {
-    fn with_stream_chunk(
-        underlying: StreamChunkRow,
-        class_cache: Arc<JavaClassMethodCache>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner: JavaBindingRowInner::StreamChunk(underlying),
-            class_cache,
-        }
-    }
+enum RowExtra {
+    Op(Op),
+    Key(Bytes),
+}
 
-    fn with_keyed(underlying: KeyedRow, class_cache: Arc<JavaClassMethodCache>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner: JavaBindingRowInner::Keyed(underlying),
-            class_cache,
+impl RowExtra {
+    fn as_op(&self) -> Op {
+        match self {
+            RowExtra::Op(op) => *op,
+            RowExtra::Key(_) => unreachable!("should be op"),
         }
     }
 
-    fn as_keyed(&self) -> &KeyedRow {
-        match &self.inner {
-            JavaBindingRowInner::Keyed(r) => r,
-            _ => unreachable!("can only call as_keyed for KeyedRow"),
+    fn as_key(&self) -> &Bytes {
+        match self {
+            RowExtra::Key(key) => key,
+            RowExtra::Op(_) => unreachable!("should be key"),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    fn as_stream_chunk(&self) -> &StreamChunkRow {
-        match &self.inner {
-            JavaBindingRowInner::StreamChunk(r) => r,
-            _ => unreachable!("can only call as_stream_chunk for StreamChunkRow"),
-        }
-    }
+struct RowCursor {
+    row: OwnedRow,
+    extra: RowExtra,
 }
 
-impl Deref for JavaBindingRow {
+struct JavaBindingIterator {
+    inner: JavaBindingIteratorInner,
+    cursor: Option<RowCursor>,
+    class_cache: JavaClassMethodCache,
+}
+
+impl Deref for JavaBindingIterator {
     type Target = OwnedRow;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        match &self.inner {
-            JavaBindingRowInner::Keyed(r) => r.row(),
-            JavaBindingRowInner::StreamChunk(r) => r.row(),
-        }
+        &self
+            .cursor
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("should exist when call row methods")
+            .row
     }
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount(
-    _env: EnvParam<'_>,
-) -> jint {
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_vnodeCount(_env: EnvParam<'_>) -> jint {
     VirtualNode::COUNT as jint
 }
 
 #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNew<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorNewHummock<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
     read_plan: JByteArray<'a>,
-) -> Pointer<'static, HummockJavaBindingIterator> {
+) -> Pointer<'static, JavaBindingIterator> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env| {
         let read_plan = Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&read_plan, env)?.deref())?;
         let iter = RUNTIME.block_on(HummockJavaBindingIterator::new(read_plan))?;
+        let iter = JavaBindingIterator {
+            inner: JavaBindingIteratorInner::Hummock(iter),
+            cursor: None,
+            class_cache: Default::default(),
+        };
         Ok(iter.into())
     })
 }
 
 #[cfg_or_panic(not(madsim))]
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorNext<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorNext<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    mut pointer: Pointer<'a, HummockJavaBindingIterator>,
-) -> Pointer<'static, JavaBindingRow> {
+    mut pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
+) -> jboolean {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
         let iter = pointer.as_mut();
-        match RUNTIME.block_on(iter.next())? {
-            None => Ok(Pointer::null()),
-            Some(row) => Ok(JavaBindingRow::with_keyed(row, iter.class_cache.clone()).into()),
+        match &mut iter.inner {
+            JavaBindingIteratorInner::Hummock(ref mut hummock_iter) => {
+                match RUNTIME.block_on(hummock_iter.next())? {
+                    None => {
+                        iter.cursor = None;
+                        Ok(JNI_FALSE)
+                    }
+                    Some((key, row)) => {
+                        iter.cursor = Some(RowCursor {
+                            row,
+                            extra: RowExtra::Key(key),
+                        });
+                        Ok(JNI_TRUE)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            JavaBindingIteratorInner::StreamChunk(ref mut stream_chunk_iter) => {
+                match stream_chunk_iter.next() {
+                    None => {
+                        iter.cursor = None;
+                        Ok(JNI_FALSE)
+                    }
+                    Some((op, row)) => {
+                        iter.cursor = Some(RowCursor {
+                            row,
+                            extra: RowExtra::Op(op),
+                        });
+                        Ok(JNI_TRUE)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     })
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_hummockIteratorClose(
-    _env: EnvParam<'_>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'_, HummockJavaBindingIterator>,
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorClose<'a>(
+    _env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
 ) {
-    pointer.drop();
+    pointer.drop()
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNew<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPayload<
+    'a,
+>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
     stream_chunk_payload: JByteArray<'a>,
-) -> Pointer<'static, StreamChunkIterator> {
+) -> Pointer<'static, JavaBindingIterator> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env| {
         let prost_stream_chumk =
             Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&stream_chunk_payload, env)?.deref())?;
-        let iter = StreamChunkIterator::new(StreamChunk::from_protobuf(&prost_stream_chumk)?);
+        let iter = into_iter(StreamChunk::from_protobuf(&prost_stream_chumk)?);
+        let iter = JavaBindingIterator {
+            inner: JavaBindingIteratorInner::StreamChunk(iter),
+            cursor: None,
+            class_cache: Default::default(),
+        };
         Ok(iter.into())
     })
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorFromPretty<
-    'a,
->(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPretty<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
     str: JString<'a>,
-) -> Pointer<'static, StreamChunkIterator> {
+) -> Pointer<'static, JavaBindingIterator> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
-        let iter = StreamChunkIterator::new(StreamChunk::from_pretty(
+        let iter = into_iter(StreamChunk::from_pretty(
             env.get_string(&str)
                 .expect("cannot get java string")
                 .to_str()
                 .unwrap(),
         ));
+        let iter = JavaBindingIterator {
+            inner: JavaBindingIteratorInner::StreamChunk(iter),
+            cursor: None,
+            class_cache: Default::default(),
+        };
         Ok(iter.into())
     })
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorNext<'a>(
-    env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    mut pointer: Pointer<'a, StreamChunkIterator>,
-) -> Pointer<'static, JavaBindingRow> {
-    execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
-        let iter = pointer.as_mut();
-        match iter.next() {
-            None => Ok(Pointer::null()),
-            Some(row) => {
-                Ok(JavaBindingRow::with_stream_chunk(row, iter.class_cache.clone()).into())
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_streamChunkIteratorClose(
-    _env: EnvParam<'_>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'_, StreamChunkIterator>,
-) {
-    pointer.drop();
-}
-
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetKey<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetKey<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
 ) -> JByteArray<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
-        Ok(env.byte_array_from_slice(pointer.as_ref().as_keyed().key())?)
+        Ok(env.byte_array_from_slice(
+            pointer
+                .as_ref()
+                .cursor
+                .as_ref()
+                .expect("should exists when call get key")
+                .extra
+                .as_key()
+                .as_ref(),
+        )?)
     })
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetOp<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetOp<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
 ) -> jint {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
-        Ok(pointer.as_ref().as_stream_chunk().op() as jint)
+        Ok(pointer
+            .as_ref()
+            .cursor
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("should exist when call get op")
+            .extra
+            .as_op() as jint)
     })
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowIsNull<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorIsNull<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jboolean {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -424,9 +445,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowIsNull<'a>(
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt16Value<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetInt16Value<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jshort {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -439,9 +460,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt16Value
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt32Value<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetInt32Value<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jint {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -454,9 +475,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt32Value
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt64Value<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetInt64Value<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jlong {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -469,9 +490,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetInt64Value
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetFloatValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetFloatValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jfloat {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -485,9 +506,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetFloatValue
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDoubleValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetDoubleValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jdouble {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -501,9 +522,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDoubleValu
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetBooleanValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetBooleanValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> jboolean {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |_env| {
@@ -512,9 +533,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetBooleanVal
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetStringValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetStringValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JString<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'a>| {
@@ -523,9 +544,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetStringValu
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetIntervalValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetIntervalValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JString<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'a>| {
@@ -540,9 +561,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetIntervalVa
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetJsonbValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetJsonbValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JString<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -557,9 +578,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetJsonbValue
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetTimestampValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JObject<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -589,9 +610,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampV
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDecimalValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetDecimalValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JObject<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -626,9 +647,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDecimalVal
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDateValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetDateValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JObject<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -672,9 +693,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetDateValue<
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimeValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetTimeValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JObject<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -718,9 +739,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimeValue<
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetByteaValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetByteaValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
 ) -> JByteArray<'a> {
     execute_and_catch(env, move |env: &mut EnvParam<'_>| {
@@ -734,9 +755,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetByteaValue
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetArrayValue<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetArrayValue<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
+    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingIterator>,
     idx: jint,
     class: JClass<'a>,
 ) -> JObject<'a> {
@@ -824,20 +845,12 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetArrayValue
     })
 }
 
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowClose<'a>(
-    _env: EnvParam<'a>,
-    pointer: Pointer<'a, JavaBindingRow>,
-) {
-    pointer.drop()
-}
-
 /// Send messages to the channel received by `CdcSplitReader`.
 /// If msg is null, just check whether the channel is closed.
 /// Return true if sending is successful, otherwise, return false so that caller can stop
 /// gracefully.
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel<'a>(
+extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel<'a>(
     env: EnvParam<'a>,
     channel: Pointer<'a, GetEventStreamJniSender>,
     msg: JByteArray<'a>,
@@ -910,7 +923,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
 
     /// make sure that the [`ScalarRefImpl::Int64`] received by
-    /// [`Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_rowGetTimestampValue`]
+    /// [`Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_iteratorGetTimestampValue`]
     /// is of type [`DataType::Timestamptz`] stored in microseconds
     #[test]
     fn test_timestamptz_to_i64() {
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
index a4fe12f669193..be476c146d756 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
@@ -106,65 +106,52 @@ macro_rules! for_all_plain_native_methods {
 
                 // hummock iterator method
                 // Return a pointer to the iterator
-                static native long hummockIteratorNew(byte[] readPlan);
+                static native long iteratorNewHummock(byte[] readPlan);
 
-                // return a pointer to the next row
-                static native long hummockIteratorNext(long pointer);
+                static native boolean iteratorNext(long pointer);
 
-                // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
-                // close on the iterator to release the iterator instance pointed by the pointer.
-                static native void hummockIteratorClose(long pointer);
+                static native void iteratorClose(long pointer);
 
-                // row method
-                static native byte[] rowGetKey(long pointer);
+                static native long iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPayload(byte[] streamChunkPayload);
 
-                static native int rowGetOp(long pointer);
+                static native long iteratorNewFromStreamChunkPretty(String str);
 
-                static native boolean rowIsNull(long pointer, int index);
+                static native byte[] iteratorGetKey(long pointer);
 
-                static native short rowGetInt16Value(long pointer, int index);
+                static native int iteratorGetOp(long pointer);
 
-                static native int rowGetInt32Value(long pointer, int index);
+                static native boolean iteratorIsNull(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native long rowGetInt64Value(long pointer, int index);
+                static native short iteratorGetInt16Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native float rowGetFloatValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native int iteratorGetInt32Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native double rowGetDoubleValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native long iteratorGetInt64Value(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native boolean rowGetBooleanValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native float iteratorGetFloatValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native String rowGetStringValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native double iteratorGetDoubleValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native java.sql.Timestamp rowGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native boolean iteratorGetBooleanValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native java.math.BigDecimal rowGetDecimalValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native String iteratorGetStringValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native java.sql.Time rowGetTimeValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native java.sql.Timestamp iteratorGetTimestampValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native java.sql.Date rowGetDateValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native java.math.BigDecimal iteratorGetDecimalValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native String rowGetIntervalValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native java.sql.Time iteratorGetTimeValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native String rowGetJsonbValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native java.sql.Date iteratorGetDateValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native byte[] rowGetByteaValue(long pointer, int index);
+                static native String iteratorGetIntervalValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                // TODO: object or object array?
-                static native Object rowGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class<?> clazz);
-
-                // Since the underlying rust does not have garbage collection, we will have to manually call
-                // close on the row to release the row instance pointed by the pointer.
-                static native void rowClose(long pointer);
-
-                // stream chunk iterator method
-                static native long streamChunkIteratorNew(byte[] streamChunkPayload);
+                static native String iteratorGetJsonbValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native long streamChunkIteratorNext(long pointer);
+                static native byte[] iteratorGetByteaValue(long pointer, int index);
 
-                static native void streamChunkIteratorClose(long pointer);
-
-                static native long streamChunkIteratorFromPretty(String str);
+                // TODO: object or object array?
+                static native Object iteratorGetArrayValue(long pointer, int index, Class<?> clazz);
 
                 public static native boolean sendCdcSourceMsgToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
 
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/stream_chunk_iterator.rs b/src/jni_core/src/stream_chunk_iterator.rs
index d62117a0aa108..49d096d30339e 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/stream_chunk_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/stream_chunk_iterator.rs
@@ -12,51 +12,17 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_pb::data::Op;
 
-pub struct StreamChunkRow {
-    op: Op,
-    row: OwnedRow,
-}
-
-impl StreamChunkRow {
-    pub fn op(&self) -> Op {
-        self.op
-    }
-
-    pub fn row(&self) -> &OwnedRow {
-        &self.row
-    }
-}
-
-type StreamChunkRowIterator = impl Iterator<Item = StreamChunkRow> + 'static;
-
-pub struct StreamChunkIterator {
-    iter: StreamChunkRowIterator,
-    pub class_cache: Arc<crate::JavaClassMethodCache>,
-}
-
-impl StreamChunkIterator {
-    pub(crate) fn new(stream_chunk: StreamChunk) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            iter: stream_chunk
-                .rows()
-                .map(|(op, row_ref)| StreamChunkRow {
-                    op: op.to_protobuf(),
-                    row: row_ref.to_owned_row(),
-                })
-                .collect_vec()
-                .into_iter(),
-            class_cache: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
+pub(crate) type StreamChunkRowIterator = impl Iterator<Item = (Op, OwnedRow)> + 'static;
 
-    pub(crate) fn next(&mut self) -> Option<StreamChunkRow> {
-        self.iter.next()
-    }
+pub(crate) fn into_iter(stream_chunk: StreamChunk) -> StreamChunkRowIterator {
+    stream_chunk
+        .rows()
+        .map(|(op, row_ref)| (op.to_protobuf(), row_ref.to_owned_row()))
+        .collect_vec()
+        .into_iter()
 }

From 7113abd5037f81e13645209b7239978593b3a86a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 22:41:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 277/430] refactor(common): eliminate `unsafe` for iteration
 with estimated sizes by atomics (#12565)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 .../src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs  |   7 +-
 .../src/estimate_size/collections/lru.rs      |  17 +--
 .../src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs      | 101 +++++++++++-------
 src/common/src/estimate_size/mod.rs           |  54 +++++++---
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           |   7 +-
 5 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs
index c6748887733d5..14a271d0647c5 100644
--- a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/hashmap.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
-use super::{MutGuard, UnsafeMutGuard};
+use super::{AtomicMutGuard, MutGuard};
 use crate::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 
 pub struct EstimatedHashMap<K, V> {
@@ -63,10 +63,11 @@ where
             .map(|v| MutGuard::new(v, &mut self.heap_size))
     }
 
-    pub fn values_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = UnsafeMutGuard<V>> + '_ {
+    pub fn values_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = AtomicMutGuard<'_, V>> + '_ {
+        let heap_size = &self.heap_size;
         self.inner
             .values_mut()
-            .map(|v| UnsafeMutGuard::new(v, &mut self.heap_size))
+            .map(move |v| AtomicMutGuard::new(v, heap_size))
     }
 
     pub fn drain(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (K, V)> + '_ {
diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/lru.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/lru.rs
index adda9e84a5aa3..cb220f50100e6 100644
--- a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/lru.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/lru.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
 
 use lru::{DefaultHasher, KeyRef, LruCache};
 
-use super::{MutGuard, UnsafeMutGuard};
+use super::{AtomicMutGuard, MutGuard};
 use crate::estimate_size::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 
 /// The managed cache is a lru cache that bounds the memory usage by epoch.
@@ -64,11 +64,6 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize, S: BuildHasher, A: Clone + Al
         v.map(|inner| MutGuard::new(inner, &mut self.kv_heap_size))
     }
 
-    pub fn get_mut_unsafe(&mut self, k: &K) -> Option<UnsafeMutGuard<V>> {
-        let v = self.inner.get_mut(k);
-        v.map(|inner| UnsafeMutGuard::new(inner, &mut self.kv_heap_size))
-    }
-
     pub fn get<Q>(&mut self, k: &Q) -> Option<&V>
     where
         KeyRef<K>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -77,6 +72,16 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize, S: BuildHasher, A: Clone + Al
         self.inner.get(k)
     }
 
+    pub fn iter_mut(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (&'_ K, AtomicMutGuard<'_, V>)> + '_ {
+        let kv_heap_size = &self.kv_heap_size;
+        self.inner.iter_mut().map(move |(k, v)| {
+            let guard = AtomicMutGuard::new(v, kv_heap_size);
+            (k, guard)
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn peek_mut(&mut self, k: &K) -> Option<MutGuard<'_, V>> {
         let v = self.inner.peek_mut(k);
         v.map(|inner| MutGuard::new(inner, &mut self.kv_heap_size))
diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
index 81f3fab6f3d29..c8b36d8352d6d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/collections/mod.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-use std::ptr::NonNull;
 
 use super::{EstimateSize, KvSize};
 
@@ -25,16 +24,55 @@ pub use vecdeque::EstimatedVecDeque as VecDeque;
 pub mod hashmap;
 pub use hashmap::EstimatedHashMap as HashMap;
 
-pub struct MutGuard<'a, V: EstimateSize> {
+mod private {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// A trait that dispatches the size update method regarding the mutability of the reference
+    /// to the [`KvSize`].
+    pub trait GenericKvSize {
+        fn update_size(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize);
+    }
+
+    /// For mutable references, the size can be directly updated.
+    impl GenericKvSize for &'_ mut KvSize {
+        fn update_size(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize) {
+            self.add_size(to);
+            self.sub_size(from);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// For immutable references, the size is updated atomically.
+    impl GenericKvSize for &'_ KvSize {
+        fn update_size(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize) {
+            self.update_size_atomic(from, to)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A guard holding a mutable reference to a value in a collection. When dropped, the size of the
+/// collection will be updated.
+pub struct MutGuard<'a, V, S = &'a mut KvSize>
+where
+    V: EstimateSize,
+    S: private::GenericKvSize,
+{
     inner: &'a mut V,
     // The size of the original value
     original_val_size: usize,
     // The total size of a collection
-    total_size: &'a mut KvSize,
+    total_size: S,
 }
 
-impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> MutGuard<'a, V> {
-    pub fn new(inner: &'a mut V, total_size: &'a mut KvSize) -> Self {
+/// Similar to [`MutGuard`], but the size is updated atomically. Useful for creating shared
+/// references to the entries in a collection.
+pub type AtomicMutGuard<'a, V> = MutGuard<'a, V, &'a KvSize>;
+
+impl<'a, V, S> MutGuard<'a, V, S>
+where
+    V: EstimateSize,
+    S: private::GenericKvSize,
+{
+    pub fn new(inner: &'a mut V, total_size: S) -> Self {
         let original_val_size = inner.estimated_size();
         Self {
             inner,
@@ -44,14 +82,22 @@ impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> MutGuard<'a, V> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> Drop for MutGuard<'a, V> {
+impl<'a, V, S> Drop for MutGuard<'a, V, S>
+where
+    V: EstimateSize,
+    S: private::GenericKvSize,
+{
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.total_size.add_size(self.inner.estimated_size());
-        self.total_size.sub_size(self.original_val_size);
+        self.total_size
+            .update_size(self.original_val_size, self.inner.estimated_size());
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> Deref for MutGuard<'a, V> {
+impl<'a, V, S> Deref for MutGuard<'a, V, S>
+where
+    V: EstimateSize,
+    S: private::GenericKvSize,
+{
     type Target = V;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -59,39 +105,12 @@ impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> Deref for MutGuard<'a, V> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, V: EstimateSize> DerefMut for MutGuard<'a, V> {
+impl<'a, V, S> DerefMut for MutGuard<'a, V, S>
+where
+    V: EstimateSize,
+    S: private::GenericKvSize,
+{
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
         self.inner
     }
 }
-
-pub struct UnsafeMutGuard<V: EstimateSize> {
-    inner: NonNull<V>,
-    // The size of the original value
-    original_val_size: usize,
-    // The total size of a collection
-    total_size: NonNull<KvSize>,
-}
-
-impl<V: EstimateSize> UnsafeMutGuard<V> {
-    pub fn new(inner: &mut V, total_size: &mut KvSize) -> Self {
-        let original_val_size = inner.estimated_size();
-        Self {
-            inner: inner.into(),
-            original_val_size,
-            total_size: total_size.into(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// 1. Only 1 `MutGuard` should be held for each value.
-    /// 2. The returned `MutGuard` should not be moved to other threads.
-    pub unsafe fn as_mut_guard<'a>(&mut self) -> MutGuard<'a, V> {
-        MutGuard {
-            inner: self.inner.as_mut(),
-            original_val_size: self.original_val_size,
-            total_size: self.total_size.as_mut(),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/common/src/estimate_size/mod.rs b/src/common/src/estimate_size/mod.rs
index 6e204399b1117..76b19478acba2 100644
--- a/src/common/src/estimate_size/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/estimate_size/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 pub mod collections;
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
@@ -186,54 +187,75 @@ impl<T: EstimateSize> IntoIterator for VecWithKvSize<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub struct KvSize(usize);
+/// The size of the collection.
+///
+/// We use an atomic value here to enable operating the size without a mutable reference.
+/// See [`collections::AtomicMutGuard`] for more details.
+///
+/// In the most cases, we have the mutable reference of this struct, so we can directly
+/// operate the underlying value.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct KvSize(AtomicUsize);
+
+/// Clone the [`KvSize`] will duplicate the underlying value.
+impl Clone for KvSize {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.size().into())
+    }
+}
 
 impl KvSize {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self(0)
+        Self(0.into())
     }
 
     pub fn with_size(size: usize) -> Self {
-        Self(size)
+        Self(size.into())
     }
 
     pub fn add<K: EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize>(&mut self, key: &K, val: &V) {
-        self.0 = self
-            .0
-            .saturating_add(key.estimated_size() + val.estimated_size());
+        self.add_size(key.estimated_size());
+        self.add_size(val.estimated_size());
     }
 
     pub fn sub<K: EstimateSize, V: EstimateSize>(&mut self, key: &K, val: &V) {
-        self.0 = self
-            .0
-            .saturating_sub(key.estimated_size() + val.estimated_size());
+        self.sub_size(key.estimated_size());
+        self.sub_size(val.estimated_size());
     }
 
     /// Add the size of `val` and return it.
     pub fn add_val<V: EstimateSize>(&mut self, val: &V) -> usize {
         let size = val.estimated_size();
-        self.0 = self.0.saturating_add(size);
+        self.add_size(size);
         size
     }
 
     pub fn sub_val<V: EstimateSize>(&mut self, val: &V) {
-        self.0 = self.0.saturating_sub(val.estimated_size());
+        self.sub_size(val.estimated_size());
     }
 
     pub fn add_size(&mut self, size: usize) {
-        self.0 += size;
+        let this = self.0.get_mut(); // get the underlying value since we have a mutable reference
+        *this = this.saturating_add(size);
     }
 
     pub fn sub_size(&mut self, size: usize) {
-        self.0 -= size;
+        let this = self.0.get_mut(); // get the underlying value since we have a mutable reference
+        *this = this.saturating_sub(size);
+    }
+
+    /// Update the size of the collection by `to - from` atomically, i.e., without a mutable reference.
+    pub fn update_size_atomic(&self, from: usize, to: usize) {
+        let _ = (self.0).fetch_update(Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed, |this| {
+            Some(this.saturating_add(to).saturating_sub(from))
+        });
     }
 
     pub fn set(&mut self, size: usize) {
-        self.0 = size;
+        self.0 = size.into();
     }
 
     pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0
+        self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index dd9b23f9147d6..a6bc1d5f7a7f4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -493,12 +493,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
         } else {
             // emit on update
             // TODO(wrj,rc): we may need to parallelize it and set a reasonable concurrency limit.
-            for mut agg_group in vars
-                .dirty_groups
-                .values_mut()
-                // SAFETY: we access the values in `dirty_groups` one by one, so it's safe to deref the `UnsafeMutGuard`
-                .map(|mut g| unsafe { g.as_mut_guard() })
-            {
+            for mut agg_group in vars.dirty_groups.values_mut() {
                 let agg_group = agg_group.as_mut();
                 let change = agg_group
                     .build_change(&this.storages, &this.agg_funcs)

From 6ec0b95392ec27d096e35783650bafb7c992b403 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinser <aimer@purejs.icu>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 12:02:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 278/430] =?UTF-8?q?fix(over=20window):=20fix=20error=20in?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20using=20aggregate=20function=20result=20as=20win=E2=80=A6=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?(#12551)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../batch/aggregate/with_over_window.slt.part | 87 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../generated/batch/create.slt.part           | 12 ++-
 .../over_window/generated/batch/drop.slt.part |  3 +
 .../over_window/generated/batch/mod.slt.part  | 28 ++++++
 .../generated/streaming/create.slt.part       | 12 ++-
 .../generated/streaming/drop.slt.part         |  3 +
 .../generated/streaming/mod.slt.part          | 28 ++++++
 .../over_window/templates/create.slt.part     | 12 ++-
 e2e_test/over_window/templates/drop.slt.part  |  3 +
 e2e_test/over_window/templates/mod.slt.part   | 28 ++++++
 .../tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml             | 29 +++++++
 .../tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml            | 83 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    | 28 ++++++
 13 files changed, 353 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/aggregate/with_over_window.slt.part

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/aggregate/with_over_window.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/aggregate/with_over_window.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a450b13837791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/aggregate/with_over_window.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+statement ok
+create table t (a int, b int, c int, d int, e int);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values
+    (1, 23, 84, 11, 87),
+    (2, 34, 29, 22, 98),
+    (3, 45, 43, 33, 10),
+    (4, 56, 83, 44, 26),
+    (5, 68, 20, 55, 12),
+    (5, 68, 90, 66, 34),
+    (5, 68, 11, 77, 32);
+
+query II
+select
+    a,
+    sum((sum(b))) over (partition by a order by a)
+from t
+group by a
+order by a;
+----
+1 23
+2 34
+3 45
+4 56
+5 204
+
+query II
+select
+    a,
+    row_number() over (partition by a order by a)
+from t
+group by a
+order by a;
+----
+1 1
+2 1
+3 1
+4 1
+5 1
+
+query II
+select
+    a,
+    row_number() over (partition by a order by a desc)
+from t
+group by a
+order by a;
+----
+1 1
+2 1
+3 1
+4 1
+5 1
+
+query III
+select
+    a,
+    b,
+    sum(sum(c)) over (partition by a order by b)
+from t
+group by a, b
+order by a, b;
+----
+1 23 84
+2 34 29
+3 45 43
+4 56 83
+5 68 121
+
+query III
+select
+    a,
+    b,
+    sum(sum(c)) over (partition by a, avg(d) order by max(e), b)
+from t
+group by a, b
+order by a, b;
+----
+1 23 84
+2 34 29
+3 45 43
+4 56 83
+5 68 121
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/create.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/create.slt.part
index 8e489c3dde0bd..5f4b5e1152804 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/create.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/create.slt.part
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ select
     , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2 desc, id) as out11
 from t;
 
+# over + agg
+statement ok
+create view v_e as
+select
+    p1, p2
+    , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2) as out12
+    , sum(sum(v2)) over (partition by p1, avg(time) order by max(v1), p2) as out13
+from t
+group by p1, p2;
+
 statement ok
 create view v_a_b as
 select
@@ -103,4 +113,4 @@ select
     , first_value(v1) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time, id rows 3 preceding) as out3
     , lag(v1 + 2, 0 + 1) over (partition by p1 - 1 order by id) as out4
     , min(v1 * 2) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time + 1, id rows between current row and unbounded following) as out5
-from t;
\ No newline at end of file
+from t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/drop.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/drop.slt.part
index 8eaca578e1f4e..435ffd46433e7 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/drop.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/drop.slt.part
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ drop view v_c;
 statement ok
 drop view v_d;
 
+statement ok
+drop view v_e;
+
 statement ok
 drop view v_a_b;
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/mod.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/mod.slt.part
index ff46877de7ddf..2c7778fd46aff 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/mod.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/batch/mod.slt.part
@@ -41,6 +41,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100003  100  208  2  723  807  3  1
 100004  103  200  2  702  808  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1611
+100  208  2   807
+103  200  1   808
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -88,6 +95,14 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  3  717  810  4  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1, p2;
+----
+100  200  1  2421
+100  208  2  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -139,6 +154,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiiiiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
@@ -182,6 +204,12 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  2
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1615
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/create.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/create.slt.part
index 23a496ff0f315..4334fb1cdd30e 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/create.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/create.slt.part
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ select
     , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2 desc, id) as out11
 from t;
 
+# over + agg
+statement ok
+create materialized view v_e as
+select
+    p1, p2
+    , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2) as out12
+    , sum(sum(v2)) over (partition by p1, avg(time) order by max(v1), p2) as out13
+from t
+group by p1, p2;
+
 statement ok
 create materialized view v_a_b as
 select
@@ -103,4 +113,4 @@ select
     , first_value(v1) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time, id rows 3 preceding) as out3
     , lag(v1 + 2, 0 + 1) over (partition by p1 - 1 order by id) as out4
     , min(v1 * 2) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time + 1, id rows between current row and unbounded following) as out5
-from t;
\ No newline at end of file
+from t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/drop.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/drop.slt.part
index d469282f41247..e6c4fcfaad244 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/drop.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/drop.slt.part
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ drop materialized view v_c;
 statement ok
 drop materialized view v_d;
 
+statement ok
+drop materialized view v_e;
+
 statement ok
 drop materialized view v_a_b;
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/mod.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/mod.slt.part
index ff46877de7ddf..2c7778fd46aff 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/mod.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/generated/streaming/mod.slt.part
@@ -41,6 +41,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100003  100  208  2  723  807  3  1
 100004  103  200  2  702  808  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1611
+100  208  2   807
+103  200  1   808
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -88,6 +95,14 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  3  717  810  4  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1, p2;
+----
+100  200  1  2421
+100  208  2  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -139,6 +154,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiiiiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
@@ -182,6 +204,12 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  2
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1615
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/create.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/create.slt.part
index 0d16b52fcdc86..7ac749e459b02 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/create.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/create.slt.part
@@ -47,6 +47,16 @@ select
     , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2 desc, id) as out11
 from t;
 
+# over + agg
+statement ok
+create $view_type v_e as
+select
+    p1, p2
+    , row_number() over (partition by p1 order by p2) as out12
+    , sum(sum(v2)) over (partition by p1, avg(time) order by max(v1), p2) as out13
+from t
+group by p1, p2;
+
 statement ok
 create $view_type v_a_b as
 select
@@ -101,4 +111,4 @@ select
     , first_value(v1) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time, id rows 3 preceding) as out3
     , lag(v1 + 2, 0 + 1) over (partition by p1 - 1 order by id) as out4
     , min(v1 * 2) over (partition by p1, p2 order by time + 1, id rows between current row and unbounded following) as out5
-from t;
\ No newline at end of file
+from t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/drop.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/drop.slt.part
index 926305ee42699..def8e92379878 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/drop.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/drop.slt.part
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ drop $view_type v_c;
 statement ok
 drop $view_type v_d;
 
+statement ok
+drop $view_type v_e;
+
 statement ok
 drop $view_type v_a_b;
 
diff --git a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/mod.slt.part b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/mod.slt.part
index 3e48a52358701..1b1b86a0d40d3 100644
--- a/e2e_test/over_window/templates/mod.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/over_window/templates/mod.slt.part
@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100003  100  208  2  723  807  3  1
 100004  103  200  2  702  808  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1611
+100  208  2   807
+103  200  1   808
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -86,6 +93,14 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  3  717  810  4  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1, p2;
+----
+100  200  1  2421
+100  208  2  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 include ./cross_check.slt.part
 
 statement ok
@@ -137,6 +152,13 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  4
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiiiiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  3228
+103  200  1   808
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
@@ -180,6 +202,12 @@ select * from v_d order by id;
 100005  100  200  1  717  810  2  2
 100006  105  204  5  703  828  1  1
 
+query iiii
+select * from v_e order by p1;
+----
+100  200  1  1615
+105  204  1   828
+
 query iiiiiiiiii
 select * from v_expr order by id;
 ----
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
index b5b8e182703f8..99aa94ff773b9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/agg.yaml
@@ -929,3 +929,32 @@
   expected_outputs:
     - batch_plan
     - stream_plan
+
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int);
+    SELECT a, sum((sum(b))) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY a) FROM t GROUP BY a;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int);
+    SELECT a, row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY a DESC) FROM t GROUP BY a;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int, c int);
+    SELECT a, b, sum(sum(c)) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b)
+    FROM t
+    GROUP BY a, b;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int, c int, d int, e int);
+    SELECT a, b, sum(sum(c)) OVER (PARTITION BY a, avg(d) ORDER BY max(e), b)
+    FROM t
+    GROUP BY a, b;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
index d62ce89d0ed3b..aefb4df98ef4e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
@@ -1649,3 +1649,86 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [count, t.id] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [count] }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id], pk: [t.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.id) }
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int);
+    SELECT a, sum((sum(b))) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY a) FROM t GROUP BY a;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.a, sum] }
+      └─BatchOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.b)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.a ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─BatchSort { order: [t.a ASC, t.a ASC] }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [sum(t.b)] }
+            └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+              └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, sum], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, sum] }
+      └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.b)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.a ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, sum(t.b)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [sum(t.b), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int);
+    SELECT a, row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY a DESC) FROM t GROUP BY a;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.a DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+      └─BatchSort { order: [t.a ASC, t.a DESC] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [] }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, row_number], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.a DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a] }
+        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [count] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int, c int);
+    SELECT a, b, sum(sum(c)) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b)
+    FROM t
+    GROUP BY a, b;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum] }
+      └─BatchOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.c)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.b ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [t.a ASC, t.b ASC], dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+          └─BatchSort { order: [t.a ASC, t.b ASC] }
+            └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a, t.b], aggs: [sum(t.c)] }
+              └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+                └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, sum], stream_key: [a, b], pk_columns: [a, b], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum] }
+      └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.c)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a ORDER BY t.b ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum(t.c)] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.a, t.b], aggs: [sum(t.c), count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t.c, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int, c int, d int, e int);
+    SELECT a, b, sum(sum(c)) OVER (PARTITION BY a, avg(d) ORDER BY max(e), b)
+    FROM t
+    GROUP BY a, b;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum] }
+      └─BatchOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.c)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a, $expr1 ORDER BY max(t.e) ASC, t.b ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [t.a ASC, $expr1 ASC, max(t.e) ASC, t.b ASC], dist: HashShard(t.a, $expr1) }
+          └─BatchSort { order: [t.a ASC, $expr1 ASC, max(t.e) ASC, t.b ASC] }
+            └─BatchProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum(t.c), max(t.e), (sum(t.d)::Decimal / count(t.d)::Decimal) as $expr1] }
+              └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a, t.b], aggs: [sum(t.c), sum(t.d), count(t.d), max(t.e)] }
+                └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+                  └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t.c, t.d, t.e], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, sum, $expr1(hidden)], stream_key: [a, b, $expr1], pk_columns: [a, b, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum, $expr1] }
+      └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(sum(t.c)) OVER(PARTITION BY t.a, $expr1 ORDER BY max(t.e) ASC, t.b ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a, $expr1) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.a, t.b, sum(t.c), max(t.e), (sum(t.d)::Decimal / count(t.d)::Decimal) as $expr1] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.a, t.b], aggs: [sum(t.c), sum(t.d), count(t.d), max(t.e), count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t.c, t.d, t.e, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index d3bf8d896f9ff..7f86551acb397 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::expr::{
     AggCall, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef, Literal, OrderBy,
+    WindowFunction,
 };
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
@@ -731,6 +732,33 @@ impl ExprRewriter for LogicalAggBuilder {
         }
     }
 
+    /// When there is an `WindowFunction` (outside of agg call), it must refers to a group column.
+    /// Or all `InputRef`s appears in it must refer to a group column.
+    fn rewrite_window_function(&mut self, window_func: WindowFunction) -> ExprImpl {
+        let WindowFunction {
+            args,
+            partition_by,
+            order_by,
+            ..
+        } = window_func;
+        let args = args
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|expr| self.rewrite_expr(expr))
+            .collect();
+        let partition_by = partition_by
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|expr| self.rewrite_expr(expr))
+            .collect();
+        let order_by = order_by.rewrite_expr(self);
+        WindowFunction {
+            args,
+            partition_by,
+            order_by,
+            ..window_func
+        }
+        .into()
+    }
+
     /// When there is an `InputRef` (outside of agg call), it must refers to a group column.
     fn rewrite_input_ref(&mut self, input_ref: InputRef) -> ExprImpl {
         let expr = input_ref.into();

From 615f873f85f2e2241be76b92d6676055b371f2c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 12:36:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 279/430] feat(log-store): add metrics for log store (#12653)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 137 +++++++++++
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 src/common/src/metrics.rs                     |   3 +
 src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs     | 230 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs           | 101 +++++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  27 +-
 .../common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs | 175 ++++++++++++-
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs     |  14 +-
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs      | 121 +++++++--
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs     |  16 +-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 153 +++++++++++-
 src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs               |  35 ++-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  57 ++---
 14 files changed, 966 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 2dd7a054bcc5e..2960437dc8728 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index e70843825060d..cfbec51ffff59 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -3240,6 +3240,142 @@ def section_connector_node(outer_panels):
         )
     ]
 
+def section_sink_metrics(outer_panels):
+    panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
+    return [
+        outer_panels.row_collapsed(
+            "Sink Metrics",
+            [
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Commit Duration",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        *quantile(
+                            lambda quantile, legend: panels.target(
+                                f"histogram_quantile({quantile}, sum(rate({metric('sink_commit_duration_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, connector, sink_id))",
+                                f"p{legend}" + " @ {{connector}} {{sink_id}}",
+                            ),
+                            [50, 99, "max"],
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, connector, sink_id)(rate({metric('sink_commit_duration_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, type, job, instance) (rate({metric('sink_commit_duration_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "avg - {{connector}} @ {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_id(
+                    "Log Store Read/Write Epoch",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('log_store_latest_write_epoch')}",
+                                      "latest write epoch @ {{connector}} {{sink_id}} {{executor_id}}"),
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('log_store_latest_read_epoch')}",
+                                      "latest read epoch @ {{connector}} {{sink_id}} {{executor_id}}"),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Log Store Lag",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"(max({metric('log_store_latest_write_epoch')}) by (connector, sink_id, executor_id)"
+                                      + f"- max({metric('log_store_latest_read_epoch')}) by (connector, sink_id, executor_id)) / (2^16) / 1000",
+                                      "Consume lag @ {{connector}} {{sink_id}} {{executor_id}}"
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_latency(
+                    "Log Store Consume Persistent Log Lag",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(f"clamp_min((max({metric('log_store_first_write_epoch')}) by (connector, sink_id, executor_id)"
+                                      + f"- max({metric('log_store_latest_read_epoch')}) by (connector, sink_id, executor_id)) / (2^16) / 1000, 0)",
+                                      "Consume persistent log lag @ {{connector}} {{sink_id}} {{executor_id}}"
+                                      ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Log Store Consume Throughput(rows)",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('log_store_read_rows')}[$__rate_interval])) by (connector, sink_id)",
+                            "sink={{connector}} {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Executor Log Store Consume Throughput(rows)",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('log_store_read_rows')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance, connector, sink_id, executor_id)",
+                            "sink={{connector}} {{sink_id}} @ {{executor_id}} {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Log Store Write Throughput(rows)",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('log_store_write_rows')}[$__rate_interval])) by (connector, sink_id)",
+                            "sink={{connector}} {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_rowsps(
+                    "Executor Log Store Write Throughput(rows)",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('log_store_write_rows')}[$__rate_interval])) by (instance, connector, sink_id, executor_id)",
+                            "sink={{connector}} {{sink_id}} @ {{executor_id}} {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Kv Log Store Read Storage Row Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('kv_log_store_storage_read_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_id, connector, sink_id)",
+                            "{{executor_id}} - {{connector}} @ {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Kv Log Store Read Storage Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('kv_log_store_storage_read_size')}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_id, connector, sink_id)",
+                            "{{executor_id}} - {{connector}} @ {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ]
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_ops(
+                    "Kv Log Store Write Storage Row Ops",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('kv_log_store_storage_write_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_id, connector, sink_id)",
+                            "{{executor_id}} - {{connector}} @ {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+                    "Kv Log Store Write Storage Size",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum(rate({metric('kv_log_store_storage_write_size')}[$__rate_interval])) by (executor_id, connector, sink_id)",
+                            "{{executor_id}} - {{connector}} @ {{sink_id}}",
+                        ),
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
+    ]
 
 def section_network_connection(outer_panels):
     panels = outer_panels.sub_panel()
@@ -3554,6 +3690,7 @@ def section_network_connection(outer_panels):
         *section_frontend(panels),
         *section_memory_manager(panels),
         *section_connector_node(panels),
+        *section_sink_metrics(panels),
         *section_kafka_native_metrics(panels),
         *section_network_connection(panels)
     ],
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 2dd7a054bcc5e..2960437dc8728 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id 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diff --git a/src/common/src/metrics.rs b/src/common/src/metrics.rs
index 357cfa38ff042..455bac29fb175 100644
--- a/src/common/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/metrics.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ use tracing_subscriber::Layer;
 
 use crate::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 
+mod guarded_metrics;
 mod relabeled_metric;
+
+pub use guarded_metrics::*;
 pub use relabeled_metric::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs b/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f6a2ab71627fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use prometheus::core::{
+    Atomic, AtomicI64, AtomicU64, Collector, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec, GenericGauge,
+    GenericGaugeVec, MetricVec, MetricVecBuilder,
+};
+use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramVec};
+use tracing::warn;
+
+pub fn __extract_counter_builder<P: Atomic>(
+    vec: GenericCounterVec<P>,
+) -> MetricVec<VecBuilderOfCounter<P>> {
+    vec
+}
+
+pub fn __extract_gauge_builder<P: Atomic>(
+    vec: GenericGaugeVec<P>,
+) -> MetricVec<VecBuilderOfGauge<P>> {
+    vec
+}
+
+pub fn __extract_histogram_builder(vec: HistogramVec) -> MetricVec<VecBuilderOfHistogram> {
+    vec
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry {
+    ($NAME:expr, $HELP:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr, $REGISTRY:expr $(,)?) => {{
+        let result = prometheus::register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+            prometheus::histogram_opts!($NAME, $HELP),
+            $LABELS_NAMES,
+            $REGISTRY
+        );
+        result.map(|inner| {
+            let inner = $crate::metrics::__extract_histogram_builder(inner);
+            $crate::metrics::LabelGuardedHistogramVec::new(inner, { $LABELS_NAMES })
+        })
+    }};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry {
+    ($NAME:expr, $HELP:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr, $REGISTRY:expr $(,)?) => {{
+        let result = prometheus::register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            prometheus::opts!($NAME, $HELP),
+            $LABELS_NAMES,
+            $REGISTRY
+        );
+        result.map(|inner| {
+            let inner = $crate::metrics::__extract_gauge_builder(inner);
+            $crate::metrics::LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec::new(inner, { $LABELS_NAMES })
+        })
+    }};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry {
+    ($NAME:expr, $HELP:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr, $REGISTRY:expr $(,)?) => {{
+        let result = prometheus::register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            prometheus::opts!($NAME, $HELP),
+            $LABELS_NAMES,
+            $REGISTRY
+        );
+        result.map(|inner| {
+            let inner = $crate::metrics::__extract_counter_builder(inner);
+            $crate::metrics::LabelGuardedIntCounterVec::new(inner, { $LABELS_NAMES })
+        })
+    }};
+}
+
+pub type VecBuilderOfCounter<P: Atomic> = impl MetricVecBuilder<M = GenericCounter<P>>;
+pub type VecBuilderOfGauge<P: Atomic> = impl MetricVecBuilder<M = GenericGauge<P>>;
+pub type VecBuilderOfHistogram = impl MetricVecBuilder<M = Histogram>;
+
+pub type LabelGuardedHistogramVec<const N: usize> = LabelGuardedMetricVec<VecBuilderOfHistogram, N>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<const N: usize> =
+    LabelGuardedMetricVec<VecBuilderOfCounter<AtomicU64>, N>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<const N: usize> =
+    LabelGuardedMetricVec<VecBuilderOfGauge<AtomicI64>, N>;
+
+pub type LabelGuardedHistogram = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfHistogram>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntCounter = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfCounter<AtomicU64>>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntGauge = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfGauge<AtomicI64>>;
+
+fn gen_test_label<const N: usize>() -> [&'static str; N] {
+    vec!["test"; N].try_into().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct LabelGuardedMetricVec<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> {
+    inner: MetricVec<T>,
+    _labels: [&'static str; N],
+}
+
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> LabelGuardedMetricVec<T, N> {
+    pub fn new(inner: MetricVec<T>, labels: &[&'static str; N]) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            _labels: *labels,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_label_values(&self, labels: &[&str; N]) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+        let inner = self.inner.with_label_values(labels);
+        LabelGuardedMetric {
+            inner: Arc::new(LabelGuardedMetricInner {
+                inner,
+                labels: labels.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+                vec: self.inner.clone(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_test_label(&self) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+        let labels: [&'static str; N] = gen_test_label::<N>();
+        self.with_label_values(&labels)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<N> {
+    pub fn test_int_counter_vec() -> Self {
+        let registry = prometheus::Registry::new();
+        register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "test",
+            "test",
+            &gen_test_label::<N>(),
+            &registry
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<N> {
+    pub fn test_int_gauge_vec() -> Self {
+        let registry = prometheus::Registry::new();
+        register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "test",
+            "test",
+            &gen_test_label::<N>(),
+            &registry
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedHistogramVec<N> {
+    pub fn test_histogram_vec() -> Self {
+        let registry = prometheus::Registry::new();
+        register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+            "test",
+            "test",
+            &gen_test_label::<N>(),
+            &registry
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct LabelGuardedMetricInner<T: MetricVecBuilder> {
+    inner: T::M,
+    labels: Vec<String>,
+    vec: MetricVec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> Drop for LabelGuardedMetricInner<T> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Err(e) = self.vec.remove_label_values(
+            self.labels
+                .iter()
+                .map(|s| s.as_str())
+                .collect_vec()
+                .as_slice(),
+        ) {
+            warn!(
+                "err when delete metrics of {:?} of labels {:?}. Err {:?}",
+                self.vec.desc().first().expect("should have desc").fq_name,
+                self.labels,
+                e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct LabelGuardedMetric<T: MetricVecBuilder> {
+    inner: Arc<LabelGuardedMetricInner<T>>,
+}
+
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> Deref for LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+    type Target = T::M;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.inner.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl LabelGuardedHistogram {
+    pub fn test_histogram() -> Self {
+        LabelGuardedHistogramVec::<1>::test_histogram_vec().with_test_label()
+    }
+}
+
+impl LabelGuardedIntCounter {
+    pub fn test_int_counter() -> Self {
+        LabelGuardedIntCounterVec::<1>::test_int_counter_vec().with_test_label()
+    }
+}
+
+impl LabelGuardedIntGauge {
+    pub fn test_int_gauge() -> Self {
+        LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec::<1>::test_int_gauge_vec().with_test_label()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
index d6aa1699d3114..5102cc573ccb3 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::{TryFuture, TryFutureExt};
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
-use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
+use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{EpochPair, INVALID_EPOCH};
+
+use crate::sink::SinkMetrics;
 
 pub type LogStoreResult<T> = Result<T, anyhow::Error>;
 pub type ChunkId = usize;
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ pub enum LogStoreReadItem {
     UpdateVnodeBitmap(Arc<Bitmap>),
 }
 
-pub trait LogWriter {
+pub trait LogWriter: Send {
     /// Initialize the log writer with an epoch
     fn init(&mut self, epoch: EpochPair) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
 
@@ -182,7 +184,37 @@ impl<F: Fn(StreamChunk) -> StreamChunk + Send + 'static, R: LogReader> LogReader
     }
 }
 
-#[easy_ext::ext(LogStoreTransformChunkLogReader)]
+pub struct MonitoredLogReader<R: LogReader> {
+    inner: R,
+    read_epoch: u64,
+    metrics: SinkMetrics,
+}
+
+impl<R: LogReader> LogReader for MonitoredLogReader<R> {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.inner.init().await
+    }
+
+    async fn next_item(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreReadItem)> {
+        self.inner.next_item().await.inspect(|(epoch, item)| {
+            if self.read_epoch != *epoch {
+                self.read_epoch = *epoch;
+                self.metrics.log_store_latest_read_epoch.set(*epoch as _);
+            }
+            if let LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, .. } = item {
+                self.metrics
+                    .log_store_read_rows
+                    .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn truncate(&mut self, offset: TruncateOffset) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.inner.truncate(offset).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[easy_ext::ext(LogReaderExt)]
 impl<T> T
 where
     T: LogReader,
@@ -193,6 +225,69 @@ where
     ) -> TransformChunkLogReader<F, Self> {
         TransformChunkLogReader { f, inner: self }
     }
+
+    pub fn monitored(self, metrics: SinkMetrics) -> MonitoredLogReader<T> {
+        MonitoredLogReader {
+            read_epoch: INVALID_EPOCH,
+            inner: self,
+            metrics,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct MonitoredLogWriter<W: LogWriter> {
+    inner: W,
+    metrics: SinkMetrics,
+}
+
+impl<W: LogWriter> LogWriter for MonitoredLogWriter<W> {
+    async fn init(&mut self, epoch: EpochPair) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.metrics
+            .log_store_first_write_epoch
+            .set(epoch.curr as _);
+        self.metrics
+            .log_store_latest_write_epoch
+            .set(epoch.curr as _);
+        self.inner.init(epoch).await
+    }
+
+    async fn write_chunk(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.metrics
+            .log_store_write_rows
+            .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
+        self.inner.write_chunk(chunk).await
+    }
+
+    async fn flush_current_epoch(
+        &mut self,
+        next_epoch: u64,
+        is_checkpoint: bool,
+    ) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.inner
+            .flush_current_epoch(next_epoch, is_checkpoint)
+            .await?;
+        self.metrics
+            .log_store_latest_write_epoch
+            .set(next_epoch as _);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_vnode_bitmap(&mut self, new_vnodes: Arc<Bitmap>) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
+        self.inner.update_vnode_bitmap(new_vnodes).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[easy_ext::ext(LogWriterExt)]
+impl<T> T
+where
+    T: LogWriter + Sized,
+{
+    pub fn monitored(self, metrics: SinkMetrics) -> MonitoredLogWriter<T> {
+        MonitoredLogWriter {
+            inner: self,
+            metrics,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 enum DeliveryFutureManagerItem<F> {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 31b276994da4a..239ffdabc8ee2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use ::clickhouse::error::Error as ClickHouseError;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericCounter};
-use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramOpts, Opts};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::{anyhow_error, ErrorCode, RwError};
+use risingwave_common::metrics::{
+    LabelGuardedHistogram, LabelGuardedIntCounter, LabelGuardedIntGauge,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSinkType;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{PbSinkParam, SinkMetadata, TableSchema};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::error::RpcError;
@@ -213,19 +214,25 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SinkMetrics {
-    pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram,
-    pub connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: LabelGuardedHistogram,
+    pub connector_sink_rows_received: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub log_store_first_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
+    pub log_store_latest_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
+    pub log_store_write_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub log_store_latest_read_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
+    pub log_store_read_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
 }
 
 impl SinkMetrics {
     fn for_test() -> Self {
         SinkMetrics {
-            sink_commit_duration_metrics: Histogram::with_opts(HistogramOpts::new(
-                "unused", "unused",
-            ))
-            .unwrap(),
-            connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounter::with_opts(Opts::new("unused", "unused"))
-                .unwrap(),
+            sink_commit_duration_metrics: LabelGuardedHistogram::test_histogram(),
+            connector_sink_rows_received: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+            log_store_first_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge::test_int_gauge(),
+            log_store_latest_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge::test_int_gauge(),
+            log_store_latest_read_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge::test_int_gauge(),
+            log_store_write_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+            log_store_read_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index c93cd2e36eae4..6b24d5d6228d1 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
+use risingwave_common::metrics::LabelGuardedIntCounter;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::LogStoreFactory;
+use risingwave_connector::sink::{SinkParam, SinkWriterParam};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_storage::store::NewLocalOptions;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::new_log_store_buffer;
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::reader::KvLogStoreReader;
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::writer::KvLogStoreWriter;
+use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
 
 mod buffer;
 mod reader;
@@ -42,6 +45,128 @@ const FIRST_SEQ_ID: SeqIdType = 0;
 /// None `SeqIdType` means that the whole epoch is truncated.
 type ReaderTruncationOffsetType = (u64, Option<SeqIdType>);
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
+    pub storage_read_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub storage_read_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+}
+
+impl KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn for_test() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            storage_read_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+            storage_read_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct KvLogStoreMetrics {
+    pub storage_write_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub storage_write_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub persistent_log_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
+    pub flushed_buffer_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
+}
+
+impl KvLogStoreMetrics {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        metrics: &StreamingMetrics,
+        writer_param: &SinkWriterParam,
+        sink_param: &SinkParam,
+        connector: &'static str,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let executor_id = format!("{}", writer_param.executor_id);
+        let sink_id = format!("{}", sink_param.sink_id.sink_id);
+        let storage_write_size = metrics.kv_log_store_storage_write_size.with_label_values(&[
+            executor_id.as_str(),
+            connector,
+            sink_id.as_str(),
+        ]);
+        let storage_write_count = metrics
+            .kv_log_store_storage_write_count
+            .with_label_values(&[executor_id.as_str(), connector, sink_id.as_str()]);
+
+        const READ_PERSISTENT_LOG: &str = "persistent_log";
+        const READ_FLUSHED_BUFFER: &str = "flushed_buffer";
+
+        let persistent_log_read_size = metrics.kv_log_store_storage_read_size.with_label_values(&[
+            executor_id.as_str(),
+            connector,
+            sink_id.as_str(),
+            READ_PERSISTENT_LOG,
+        ]);
+        let persistent_log_read_count =
+            metrics.kv_log_store_storage_read_count.with_label_values(&[
+                executor_id.as_str(),
+                connector,
+                sink_id.as_str(),
+                READ_PERSISTENT_LOG,
+            ]);
+
+        let flushed_buffer_read_size = metrics.kv_log_store_storage_read_size.with_label_values(&[
+            executor_id.as_str(),
+            connector,
+            sink_id.as_str(),
+            READ_FLUSHED_BUFFER,
+        ]);
+        let flushed_buffer_read_count =
+            metrics.kv_log_store_storage_read_count.with_label_values(&[
+                executor_id.as_str(),
+                connector,
+                sink_id.as_str(),
+                READ_FLUSHED_BUFFER,
+            ]);
+
+        Self {
+            storage_write_size,
+            storage_write_count,
+            persistent_log_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
+                storage_read_size: persistent_log_read_size,
+                storage_read_count: persistent_log_read_count,
+            },
+            flushed_buffer_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
+                storage_read_count: flushed_buffer_read_count,
+                storage_read_size: flushed_buffer_read_size,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn for_test() -> Self {
+        KvLogStoreMetrics {
+            storage_write_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+            storage_write_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter::test_int_counter(),
+            persistent_log_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test(),
+            flushed_buffer_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct FlushInfo {
+    pub(crate) flush_size: usize,
+    pub(crate) flush_count: usize,
+}
+
+impl FlushInfo {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        FlushInfo {
+            flush_count: 0,
+            flush_size: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn flush_one(&mut self, size: usize) {
+        self.flush_size += size;
+        self.flush_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn report(self, metrics: &KvLogStoreMetrics) {
+        metrics.storage_write_count.inc_by(self.flush_count as _);
+        metrics.storage_write_size.inc_by(self.flush_size as _);
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct KvLogStoreFactory<S: StateStore> {
     state_store: S,
 
@@ -50,20 +175,24 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreFactory<S: StateStore> {
     vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
 
     max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+
+    metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
 }
 
 impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
-    pub fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(
         state_store: S,
         table_catalog: Table,
         vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
         max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+        metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             state_store,
             table_catalog,
             vnodes,
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            metrics,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -91,9 +220,15 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogStoreFactory for KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
 
         let (tx, rx) = new_log_store_buffer(self.max_stream_chunk_count);
 
-        let reader = KvLogStoreReader::new(table_id, self.state_store, serde.clone(), rx);
+        let reader = KvLogStoreReader::new(
+            table_id,
+            self.state_store,
+            serde.clone(),
+            rx,
+            self.metrics.clone(),
+        );
 
-        let writer = KvLogStoreWriter::new(table_id, local_state_store, serde, tx);
+        let writer = KvLogStoreWriter::new(table_id, local_state_store, serde, tx, self.metrics);
 
         (reader, writer)
     }
@@ -118,7 +253,7 @@ mod tests {
         calculate_vnode_bitmap, check_rows_eq, check_stream_chunk_eq,
         gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks, gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
     };
-    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{KvLogStoreFactory, KvLogStoreMetrics};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_basic() {
@@ -143,6 +278,7 @@ mod tests {
             table.clone(),
             Some(Arc::new(bitmap)),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
@@ -235,6 +371,7 @@ mod tests {
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap.clone()),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
@@ -320,6 +457,7 @@ mod tests {
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
         writer
@@ -401,6 +539,7 @@ mod tests {
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap.clone()),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
@@ -510,6 +649,7 @@ mod tests {
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap),
             max_stream_chunk_count,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
 
@@ -595,10 +735,20 @@ mod tests {
         let vnodes1 = build_bitmap((0..VirtualNode::COUNT).filter(|i| i % 2 == 0));
         let vnodes2 = build_bitmap((0..VirtualNode::COUNT).filter(|i| i % 2 == 1));
 
-        let factory1 =
-            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes1), 10);
-        let factory2 =
-            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes2), 10);
+        let factory1 = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
+            test_env.storage.clone(),
+            table.clone(),
+            Some(vnodes1),
+            10,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
+        let factory2 = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
+            test_env.storage.clone(),
+            table.clone(),
+            Some(vnodes2),
+            10,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
         let (mut reader1, mut writer1) = factory1.build().await;
         let (mut reader2, mut writer2) = factory2.build().await;
 
@@ -711,8 +861,13 @@ mod tests {
         test_env.storage.clear_shared_buffer().await.unwrap();
 
         let vnodes = build_bitmap(0..VirtualNode::COUNT);
-        let factory =
-            KvLogStoreFactory::new(test_env.storage.clone(), table.clone(), Some(vnodes), 10);
+        let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
+            test_env.storage.clone(),
+            table.clone(),
+            Some(vnodes),
+            10,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
         writer.init(EpochPair::new(epoch3, epoch2)).await.unwrap();
         reader.init().await.unwrap();
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index f8dfa5850af9a..38069b5994e57 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::{
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::{
     merge_log_store_item_stream, KvLogStoreItem, LogStoreItemMergeStream, LogStoreRowSerde,
 };
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreMetrics;
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
     table_id: TableId,
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
     latest_offset: TruncateOffset,
 
     truncate_offset: TruncateOffset,
+
+    metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
 }
 
 impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
         state_store: S,
         serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
         rx: LogStoreBufferReceiver,
+        metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             table_id,
@@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             state_store_stream: None,
             latest_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
             truncate_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
+            metrics,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             streams,
             self.serde.clone(),
             1024,
+            self.metrics.persistent_log_read_metrics.clone(),
         )));
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -196,7 +202,13 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
                 let combined_stream = select_all(streams);
                 let chunk = self
                     .serde
-                    .deserialize_stream_chunk(combined_stream, start_seq_id, end_seq_id, item_epoch)
+                    .deserialize_stream_chunk(
+                        combined_stream,
+                        start_seq_id,
+                        end_seq_id,
+                        item_epoch,
+                        &self.metrics.flushed_buffer_read_metrics,
+                    )
                     .await?;
                 let offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
                     epoch: item_epoch,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
index a875206fa29e6..d3102aa936fad 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/serde.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use risingwave_common::constants::log_store::{
     EPOCH_COLUMN_INDEX, EPOCH_COLUMN_TYPE, KV_LOG_STORE_PREDEFINED_COLUMNS, PK_TYPES,
     ROW_OP_COLUMN_INDEX, SEQ_ID_COLUMN_INDEX,
 };
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ use risingwave_storage::store::StateStoreReadIterStream;
 use risingwave_storage::table::{compute_vnode, Distribution};
 
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{
-    ReaderTruncationOffsetType, RowOpCodeType, SeqIdType,
+    KvLogStoreReadMetrics, ReaderTruncationOffsetType, RowOpCodeType, SeqIdType,
 };
 
 const INSERT_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 1;
@@ -58,6 +59,32 @@ const UPDATE_DELETE_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 4;
 const BARRIER_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 5;
 const CHECKPOINT_BARRIER_OP_CODE: RowOpCodeType = 6;
 
+struct ReadInfo {
+    read_size: usize,
+    read_count: usize,
+}
+
+impl ReadInfo {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            read_count: 0,
+            read_size: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_one_row(&mut self, size: usize) {
+        self.read_count += 1;
+        self.read_size += size;
+    }
+
+    fn report(&mut self, metrics: &KvLogStoreReadMetrics) {
+        metrics.storage_read_size.inc_by(self.read_size as _);
+        metrics.storage_read_count.inc_by(self.read_count as _);
+        self.read_size = 0;
+        self.read_count = 0;
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
 enum LogStoreRowOp {
     Row { op: Op, row: OwnedRow },
@@ -304,13 +331,17 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
         start_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         end_seq_id: SeqIdType,
         expected_epoch: u64,
+        metrics: &KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
     ) -> LogStoreResult<StreamChunk> {
         pin_mut!(stream);
         let size_bound = (end_seq_id - start_seq_id + 1) as usize;
         let mut data_chunk_builder =
             DataChunkBuilder::new(self.payload_schema.clone(), size_bound + 1);
         let mut ops = Vec::with_capacity(size_bound);
-        while let Some((_, value)) = stream.try_next().await? {
+        let mut read_info = ReadInfo::new();
+        while let Some((key, value)) = stream.try_next().await? {
+            read_info
+                .read_one_row(key.user_key.table_key.estimated_size() + value.estimated_size());
             match self.deserialize(value)? {
                 (epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row }) => {
                     if epoch != expected_epoch {
@@ -342,6 +373,7 @@ impl LogStoreRowSerde {
                 end_seq_id)
             );
         }
+        read_info.report(metrics);
         Ok(StreamChunk::from_parts(
             ops,
             data_chunk_builder
@@ -386,10 +418,16 @@ struct LogStoreRowOpStream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> {
     not_started_streams: Vec<(u64, BoxPeekableLogStoreItemStream<S>)>,
 
     stream_state: StreamState,
+
+    metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
 }
 
 impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(streams: Vec<S>, serde: LogStoreRowSerde) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        streams: Vec<S>,
+        serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
+        metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
+    ) -> Self {
         assert!(!streams.is_empty());
         Self {
             serde: serde.clone(),
@@ -400,6 +438,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
             row_streams: FuturesUnordered::new(),
             not_started_streams: Vec::new(),
             stream_state: StreamState::Uninitialized,
+            metrics,
         }
     }
 
@@ -437,12 +476,15 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         let this = self;
         pin_mut!(this);
 
-        while let Some((epoch, row_op)) = this.next_op().await? {
+        while let Some((epoch, row_op, row_read_size)) = this.next_op().await? {
+            let mut read_info = ReadInfo::new();
+            read_info.read_one_row(row_read_size);
             match row_op {
                 LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row } => {
                     ops.push(op);
                     if let Some(chunk) = data_chunk_builder.append_one_row(row) {
                         let ops = replace(&mut ops, Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size));
+                        read_info.report(&this.metrics);
                         yield (
                             epoch,
                             KvLogStoreItem::StreamChunk(StreamChunk::from_parts(ops, chunk)),
@@ -450,6 +492,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
                     }
                 }
                 LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
+                    read_info.report(&this.metrics);
                     if let Some(chunk) = data_chunk_builder.consume_all() {
                         let ops = replace(&mut ops, Vec::with_capacity(chunk_size));
                         yield (
@@ -470,20 +513,26 @@ pub(crate) fn merge_log_store_item_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
     streams: Vec<S>,
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
     chunk_size: usize,
+    metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
 ) -> LogStoreItemMergeStream<S> {
-    LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde).into_log_store_item_stream(chunk_size)
+    LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde, metrics).into_log_store_item_stream(chunk_size)
 }
 
 type LogStoreItemStream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> =
-    impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)>> + Send;
+    impl Stream<Item = LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp, usize)>> + Send;
 fn deserialize_stream<S: StateStoreReadIterStream>(
     stream: S,
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
 ) -> LogStoreItemStream<S> {
     stream.map(
-        move |result: Result<_, StorageError>| -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)> {
+        move |result: Result<_, StorageError>| -> LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreRowOp, usize)> {
             match result {
-                Ok((_key, value)) => serde.deserialize(value),
+                Ok((key, value)) => {
+                    let read_size =
+                        key.user_key.table_key.estimated_size() + value.estimated_size();
+                    let (epoch, op) = serde.deserialize(value)?;
+                    Ok((epoch, op, read_size))
+                }
                 Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
             }
         },
@@ -508,7 +557,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
 
         for mut stream in self.barrier_streams.drain(..) {
             match stream.as_mut().peek().await {
-                Some(Ok((epoch, _))) => {
+                Some(Ok((epoch, _, _))) => {
                     self.not_started_streams.push((*epoch, stream));
                 }
                 Some(Err(_)) => match stream.next().await {
@@ -592,19 +641,23 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn next_op(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<Option<(u64, LogStoreRowOp)>> {
+    async fn next_op(&mut self) -> LogStoreResult<Option<(u64, LogStoreRowOp, usize)>> {
         while let (Some(result), stream) = self
             .row_streams
             .next()
             .await
             .expect("row stream should not be empty when polled")
         {
-            let (decoded_epoch, op) = result?;
+            let (decoded_epoch, op, read_size) = result?;
             self.may_init_epoch(decoded_epoch)?;
             match op {
                 LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row } => {
                     self.row_streams.push(stream.into_future());
-                    return Ok(Some((decoded_epoch, LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row })));
+                    return Ok(Some((
+                        decoded_epoch,
+                        LogStoreRowOp::Row { op, row },
+                        read_size,
+                    )));
                 }
                 LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { is_checkpoint } => {
                     self.check_is_checkpoint(is_checkpoint)?;
@@ -621,6 +674,7 @@ impl<S: StateStoreReadIterStream> LogStoreRowOpStream<S> {
                         return Ok(Some((
                             decoded_epoch,
                             LogStoreRowOp::Barrier { is_checkpoint },
+                            read_size,
                         )));
                     } else {
                         self.stream_state = StreamState::BarrierAligning {
@@ -696,7 +750,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
         check_rows_eq, gen_test_data, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_TABLE_ID,
     };
-    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::SeqIdType;
+    use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{KvLogStoreReadMetrics, SeqIdType};
 
     const EPOCH0: u64 = 233;
     const EPOCH1: u64 = EPOCH0 + 1;
@@ -852,7 +906,13 @@ mod tests {
         let end_seq_id = seq_id - 1;
         tx.send(()).unwrap();
         let chunk = serde
-            .deserialize_stream_chunk(stream, start_seq_id, end_seq_id, EPOCH1)
+            .deserialize_stream_chunk(
+                stream,
+                start_seq_id,
+                end_seq_id,
+                EPOCH1,
+                &KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test(),
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
         for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
@@ -953,7 +1013,7 @@ mod tests {
             rows.push(row_list);
         }
 
-        let stream = LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde);
+        let stream = LogStoreRowOpStream::new(streams, serde, KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test());
 
         for i in 0..size {
             let (o, r) = gen_test_data((100 * i) as _);
@@ -978,6 +1038,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
+        let (epoch, op, _) = stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
         assert_eq!(
             (
                 EPOCH0,
@@ -985,7 +1047,7 @@ mod tests {
                     is_checkpoint: true
                 }
             ),
-            stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+            (epoch, op)
         );
 
         let mut index = (0..MERGE_SIZE).collect_vec();
@@ -994,6 +1056,7 @@ mod tests {
         for i in index {
             tx1[i].take().unwrap().send(()).unwrap();
             for j in 0..ops[i].len() {
+                let (epoch, op, _) = stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap();
                 assert_eq!(
                     (
                         EPOCH1,
@@ -1002,11 +1065,13 @@ mod tests {
                             row: rows[i][j].clone(),
                         }
                     ),
-                    stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+                    (epoch, op)
                 );
             }
         }
 
+        let (epoch, op, _) = stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
         assert_eq!(
             (
                 EPOCH1,
@@ -1014,7 +1079,7 @@ mod tests {
                     is_checkpoint: false
                 }
             ),
-            stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+            (epoch, op)
         );
 
         let mut index = (0..MERGE_SIZE).collect_vec();
@@ -1023,6 +1088,7 @@ mod tests {
         for i in index {
             tx2[i].take().unwrap().send(()).unwrap();
             for j in 0..ops[i].len() {
+                let (epoch, op, _) = stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap();
                 assert_eq!(
                     (
                         EPOCH2,
@@ -1031,11 +1097,12 @@ mod tests {
                             row: rows[i][j].clone(),
                         }
                     ),
-                    stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+                    (epoch, op)
                 );
             }
         }
 
+        let (epoch, op, _) = stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             (
                 EPOCH2,
@@ -1043,7 +1110,7 @@ mod tests {
                     is_checkpoint: true,
                 }
             ),
-            stream.next_op().await.unwrap().unwrap()
+            (epoch, op)
         );
 
         assert!(stream.next_op().await.unwrap().is_none());
@@ -1060,7 +1127,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 3;
 
-        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(vec![stream], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
+        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(
+            vec![stream],
+            serde,
+            CHUNK_SIZE,
+            KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
@@ -1156,7 +1228,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 3;
 
-        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(vec![empty(), empty()], serde, CHUNK_SIZE);
+        let stream = merge_log_store_item_stream(
+            vec![empty(), empty()],
+            serde,
+            CHUNK_SIZE,
+            KvLogStoreReadMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
 
         pin_mut!(stream);
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
index b0fcc5c246ee9..3feb536f545d4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
+use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{VirtualNode, VnodeBitmapExt};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{LogStoreResult, LogWriter};
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ use risingwave_storage::store::{InitOptions, LocalStateStore};
 
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::buffer::LogStoreBufferSender;
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::serde::LogStoreRowSerde;
-use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{SeqIdType, FIRST_SEQ_ID};
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{
+    FlushInfo, KvLogStoreMetrics, SeqIdType, FIRST_SEQ_ID,
+};
 
 pub struct KvLogStoreWriter<LS: LocalStateStore> {
     _table_id: TableId,
@@ -38,6 +41,8 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreWriter<LS: LocalStateStore> {
     serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
 
     tx: LogStoreBufferSender,
+
+    metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
 }
 
 impl<LS: LocalStateStore> KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
         state_store: LS,
         serde: LogStoreRowSerde,
         tx: LogStoreBufferSender,
+        metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             _table_id: table_id,
@@ -53,6 +59,7 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
             state_store,
             serde,
             tx,
+            metrics,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -82,13 +89,16 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> LogWriter for KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
             // When enter this branch, the chunk cannot be added directly, and should be add to
             // state store and flush
             let mut vnode_bitmap_builder = BitmapBuilder::zeroed(VirtualNode::COUNT);
+            let mut flush_info = FlushInfo::new();
             for (i, (op, row)) in chunk.rows().enumerate() {
                 let seq_id = start_seq_id + (i as SeqIdType);
                 assert!(seq_id <= end_seq_id);
                 let (vnode, key, value) = self.serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
                 vnode_bitmap_builder.set(vnode.to_index(), true);
+                flush_info.flush_one(key.estimated_size() + value.estimated_size());
                 self.state_store.insert(key, value, None)?;
             }
+            flush_info.report(&self.metrics);
             self.state_store.flush(Vec::new()).await?;
 
             let vnode_bitmap = vnode_bitmap_builder.finish();
@@ -104,8 +114,10 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> LogWriter for KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
         is_checkpoint: bool,
     ) -> LogStoreResult<()> {
         let epoch = self.state_store.epoch();
+        let mut flush_info = FlushInfo::new();
         for vnode in self.serde.vnodes().iter_vnodes() {
             let (key, value) = self.serde.serialize_barrier(epoch, vnode, is_checkpoint);
+            flush_info.flush_one(key.estimated_size() + value.estimated_size());
             self.state_store.insert(key, value, None)?;
         }
         self.tx
@@ -114,10 +126,12 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> LogWriter for KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
                     let seq_id = start_seq_id + (i as SeqIdType);
                     assert!(seq_id <= end_seq_id);
                     let (_, key, value) = self.serde.serialize_data_row(epoch, seq_id, op, row);
+                    flush_info.flush_one(key.estimated_size() + value.estimated_size());
                     self.state_store.insert(key, value, None)?;
                 }
                 Ok(())
             })?;
+        flush_info.report(&self.metrics);
         let mut delete_range = Vec::with_capacity(self.serde.vnodes().count_ones());
         if let Some(truncation_offset) = self.tx.pop_truncation() {
             for vnode in self.serde.vnodes().iter_vnodes() {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index f8ef3985191ac..b10c015992835 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,20 @@ use prometheus::{
     exponential_buckets, histogram_opts, register_gauge_vec_with_registry,
     register_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_histogram_with_registry,
     register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_int_counter_with_registry,
-    register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram,
-    HistogramVec, IntCounter, IntGauge, Registry,
+    register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, IntCounter,
+    IntGauge, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::config::MetricLevel;
-use risingwave_common::metrics::RelabeledHistogramVec;
+use risingwave_common::metrics::{
+    LabelGuardedHistogramVec, LabelGuardedIntCounterVec, LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec,
+    RelabeledHistogramVec,
+};
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
+use risingwave_common::{
+    register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry,
+    register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry,
+};
+use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkMetrics;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct StreamingMetrics {
@@ -130,8 +138,18 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     /// The progress made by the earliest in-flight barriers in the local barrier manager.
     pub barrier_manager_progress: IntCounter,
 
-    pub sink_commit_duration: HistogramVec,
-    pub connector_sink_rows_received: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    // Sink related metrics
+    pub sink_commit_duration: LabelGuardedHistogramVec<3>,
+    pub connector_sink_rows_received: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub log_store_first_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<3>,
+    pub log_store_latest_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<3>,
+    pub log_store_write_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub log_store_latest_read_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<3>,
+    pub log_store_read_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub kv_log_store_storage_write_count: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub kv_log_store_storage_write_size: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub kv_log_store_storage_read_count: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<4>,
+    pub kv_log_store_storage_read_size: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<4>,
 
     // Memory management
     // FIXME(yuhao): use u64 here
@@ -735,15 +753,15 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let sink_commit_duration = register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+        let sink_commit_duration = register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
             "sink_commit_duration",
             "Duration of commit op in sink",
-            &["executor_id", "connector"],
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let connector_sink_rows_received = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let connector_sink_rows_received = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connector_sink_rows_received",
             "Number of rows received by sink",
             &["connector_type", "sink_id"],
@@ -751,6 +769,78 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let log_store_first_write_epoch = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "log_store_first_write_epoch",
+            "The first write epoch of log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let log_store_latest_write_epoch = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "log_store_latest_write_epoch",
+            "The latest write epoch of log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let log_store_write_rows = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "log_store_write_rows",
+            "The write rate of rows",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let log_store_latest_read_epoch = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "log_store_latest_read_epoch",
+            "The latest read epoch of log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let log_store_read_rows = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "log_store_read_rows",
+            "The read rate of rows",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let kv_log_store_storage_write_count = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "kv_log_store_storage_write_count",
+            "Write row count throughput of kv log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let kv_log_store_storage_write_size = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "kv_log_store_storage_write_size",
+            "Write size throughput of kv log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let kv_log_store_storage_read_count = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "kv_log_store_storage_read_count",
+            "Write row count throughput of kv log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id", "read_type"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let kv_log_store_storage_read_size = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "kv_log_store_storage_read_size",
+            "Write size throughput of kv log store",
+            &["executor_id", "connector", "sink_id", "read_type"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let lru_current_watermark_time_ms = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
             "lru_current_watermark_time_ms",
             "Current LRU manager watermark time(ms)",
@@ -917,6 +1007,15 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             barrier_manager_progress,
             sink_commit_duration,
             connector_sink_rows_received,
+            log_store_first_write_epoch,
+            log_store_latest_write_epoch,
+            log_store_write_rows,
+            log_store_latest_read_epoch,
+            log_store_read_rows,
+            kv_log_store_storage_write_count,
+            kv_log_store_storage_write_size,
+            kv_log_store_storage_read_count,
+            kv_log_store_storage_read_size,
             lru_current_watermark_time_ms,
             lru_physical_now_ms,
             lru_runtime_loop_count,
@@ -936,4 +1035,42 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
     pub fn unused() -> Self {
         global_streaming_metrics(MetricLevel::Disabled)
     }
+
+    pub fn new_sink_metrics(
+        &self,
+        identity: &str,
+        sink_id_str: &str,
+        connector: &str,
+    ) -> SinkMetrics {
+        let label_list = [identity, connector, sink_id_str];
+        let sink_commit_duration_metrics = self.sink_commit_duration.with_label_values(&label_list);
+        let connector_sink_rows_received = self
+            .connector_sink_rows_received
+            .with_label_values(&[connector, sink_id_str]);
+
+        let log_store_latest_read_epoch = self
+            .log_store_latest_read_epoch
+            .with_label_values(&label_list);
+
+        let log_store_latest_write_epoch = self
+            .log_store_latest_write_epoch
+            .with_label_values(&label_list);
+
+        let log_store_first_write_epoch = self
+            .log_store_first_write_epoch
+            .with_label_values(&label_list);
+
+        let log_store_write_rows = self.log_store_write_rows.with_label_values(&label_list);
+        let log_store_read_rows = self.log_store_read_rows.with_label_values(&label_list);
+
+        SinkMetrics {
+            sink_commit_duration_metrics,
+            connector_sink_rows_received,
+            log_store_first_write_epoch,
+            log_store_latest_write_epoch,
+            log_store_write_rows,
+            log_store_latest_read_epoch,
+            log_store_read_rows,
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
index d9470edc2e9af..70e63b4b33cd0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sink.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_chunk::StreamChunkMut;
 use risingwave_common::array::{merge_chunk_row, Op, StreamChunk, StreamChunkCompactor};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_sink;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkId, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
-    LogReader, LogStoreFactory, LogStoreTransformChunkLogReader, LogWriter,
+    LogReader, LogReaderExt, LogStoreFactory, LogWriter, LogWriterExt,
 };
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
     build_sink, LogSinker, Sink, SinkImpl, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam,
@@ -121,7 +120,8 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         let write_log_stream = Self::execute_write_log(
             self.input,
             stream_key,
-            self.log_writer,
+            self.log_writer
+                .monitored(self.sink_writer_param.sink_metrics.clone()),
             self.sink_param.sink_id,
             self.sink_param.sink_type,
             self.actor_context,
@@ -155,9 +155,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
 
         let epoch_pair = barrier.epoch;
 
-        log_writer
-            .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch_pair.curr))
-            .await?;
+        log_writer.init(epoch_pair).await?;
 
         // Propagate the first barrier
         yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
@@ -293,7 +291,7 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
         columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
         sink_writer_param: SinkWriterParam,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Message> {
-        let sink_metrics = sink_writer_param.sink_metrics.clone();
+        let metrics = sink_writer_param.sink_metrics.clone();
         let log_sinker = sink.new_log_sinker(sink_writer_param).await?;
 
         let visible_columns = columns
@@ -302,18 +300,17 @@ impl<F: LogStoreFactory> SinkExecutor<F> {
             .filter_map(|(idx, column)| (!column.is_hidden).then_some(idx))
             .collect_vec();
 
-        let log_reader = log_reader.transform_chunk(move |chunk| {
-            sink_metrics
-                .connector_sink_rows_received
-                .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as u64);
-            if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
-                // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
-                // the downstream.
-                chunk.project(&visible_columns)
-            } else {
-                chunk
-            }
-        });
+        let log_reader = log_reader
+            .transform_chunk(move |chunk| {
+                if visible_columns.len() != columns.len() {
+                    // Do projection here because we may have columns that aren't visible to
+                    // the downstream.
+                    chunk.project(&visible_columns)
+                } else {
+                    chunk
+                }
+            })
+            .monitored(metrics);
 
         log_sinker.consume_log_and_sink(log_reader).await?;
         Err(anyhow!("end of stream").into())
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index 06d8849a2b93a..e9c60c61b09e9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnCatalog;
 use risingwave_connector::match_sink_name_str;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkFormatDesc, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
-    SinkError, SinkMetrics, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+    SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriterParam, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{SinkLogStoreType, SinkNode};
 use risingwave_storage::dispatch_state_store;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::common::log_store_impl::in_mem::BoundedInMemLogStoreFactory;
-use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::KvLogStoreFactory;
+use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{KvLogStoreFactory, KvLogStoreMetrics};
 use crate::executor::SinkExecutor;
 
 pub struct SinkExecutorBuilder;
@@ -107,20 +107,20 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
         };
 
         let identity = format!("SinkExecutor {:X?}", params.executor_id);
-
-        let sink_commit_duration_metrics = stream
-            .streaming_metrics
-            .sink_commit_duration
-            .with_label_values(&[identity.as_str(), connector]);
-
-        let connector_sink_rows_received = stream
-            .streaming_metrics
-            .connector_sink_rows_received
-            .with_label_values(&[connector, &sink_param.sink_id.sink_id.to_string()]);
-
-        let sink_metrics = SinkMetrics {
-            sink_commit_duration_metrics,
-            connector_sink_rows_received,
+        let sink_id_str = format!("{}", sink_id.sink_id);
+
+        let sink_metrics = stream.streaming_metrics.new_sink_metrics(
+            identity.as_str(),
+            sink_id_str.as_str(),
+            connector,
+        );
+
+        let sink_write_param = SinkWriterParam {
+            connector_params: params.env.connector_params(),
+            executor_id: params.executor_id,
+            vnode_bitmap: params.vnode_bitmap.clone(),
+            meta_client: params.env.meta_client(),
+            sink_metrics,
         };
 
         match node.log_store_type() {
@@ -131,13 +131,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 Ok(Box::new(
                     SinkExecutor::new(
                         input_executor,
-                        SinkWriterParam {
-                            connector_params: params.env.connector_params(),
-                            executor_id: params.executor_id,
-                            vnode_bitmap: params.vnode_bitmap,
-                            meta_client: params.env.meta_client(),
-                            sink_metrics,
-                        },
+                        sink_write_param,
                         sink_param,
                         columns,
                         params.actor_context,
@@ -148,24 +142,25 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 ))
             }
             SinkLogStoreType::KvLogStore => {
+                let metrics = KvLogStoreMetrics::new(
+                    &params.executor_stats,
+                    &sink_write_param,
+                    &sink_param,
+                    connector,
+                );
                 dispatch_state_store!(params.env.state_store(), state_store, {
                     let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
                         state_store,
                         node.table.as_ref().unwrap().clone(),
                         params.vnode_bitmap.clone().map(Arc::new),
-                        0,
+                        32,
+                        metrics,
                     );
 
                     Ok(Box::new(
                         SinkExecutor::new(
                             input_executor,
-                            SinkWriterParam {
-                                connector_params: params.env.connector_params(),
-                                executor_id: params.executor_id,
-                                vnode_bitmap: params.vnode_bitmap,
-                                meta_client: params.env.meta_client(),
-                                sink_metrics,
-                            },
+                            sink_write_param,
                             sink_param,
                             columns,
                             params.actor_context,

From 826db77988e0921c6961a752cc5883bee1a348b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 00:47:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 280/430] perf(agg): merge common agg calls (#12683)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        | 18 +++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml | 26 ++++-----
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs     | 19 +++++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/rule/agg_call_merge_rule.rs | 57 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs        |  3 +
 7 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_call_merge_rule.rs

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index f2f342f86b43c..43714fba9c7dd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
     JOIN side_input FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() S
     ON mod(B.auction, 10000) = S.key
   sink_plan: |-
-    StreamSink { type: append-only, columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr10038(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)] }
+    StreamSink { type: append-only, columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr10040(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)] }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, (bid.auction % 10000:Int32) as $expr1, bid._row_id] }
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bid.bidder], [$expr1, bid.auction]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [ToChar(bid.date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, bid.price, bid.bidder, bid.auction] }
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag) }
               └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bid.bidder], [$expr1, bid.auction]] }
                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [ToChar(bid.date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, bid.price, bid.bidder, bid.auction, bid._row_id] }
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.channel, $expr1) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[bid.channel, $expr1, $expr2], [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder], [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.auction]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [bid.channel, ToChar(bid.date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, ToChar(bid.date_time, 'HH:mm':Varchar) as $expr2, bid.price, bid.bidder, bid.auction] }
@@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.channel, $expr1, max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.bidder) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(bid.auction) filter((count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.channel, $expr1) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag) }
               └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[bid.channel, $expr1, $expr2], [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder], [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.auction]] }
                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.channel, ToChar(bid.date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, ToChar(bid.date_time, 'HH:mm':Varchar) as $expr2, bid.price, bid.bidder, bid.auction, bid._row_id] }
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.channel, $expr1, bid.bidder, bid.auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((bid.price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid.price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid.price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 4, 5, 14]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ bid_channel, $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, max($expr2), count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ bid_channel, $expr1, bid_bidder, bid_auction, flag, max($expr2), count, count filter((bid_price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 10000:Int32) AND (bid_price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((bid_price >= 1000000:Int32)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index eecfd41ef5c00..9a76e39085120 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bidder], [$expr1, auction]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, price, bidder, auction] }
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
               └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bidder], [$expr1, auction]] }
                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, price, bidder, auction, _row_id] }
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1173,8 +1173,8 @@
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum0(sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), sum0(count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
           └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
                   └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr1], [$expr1, bidder], [$expr1, auction]] }
                     └─StreamProject { exprs: [ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, price, bidder, auction, _row_id] }
@@ -1192,8 +1192,8 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1, $expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] } { intermediate state table: 1, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), Vnode($expr1, bidder, auction, flag) as $expr2] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3, 10]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 2
     └── vnode column idx: 1
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(channel, $expr1) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[channel, $expr1, $expr2], [channel, $expr1, bidder], [channel, $expr1, auction]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [channel, ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, ToChar(date_time, 'HH:mm':Varchar) as $expr2, price, bidder, auction] }
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [channel, $expr1, max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [channel, $expr1], aggs: [max(max($expr2)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(bidder) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count(auction) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count(auction) filter((count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(channel, $expr1) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag) }
               └─StreamExpand { column_subsets: [[channel, $expr1, $expr2], [channel, $expr1, bidder], [channel, $expr1, auction]] }
                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [channel, ToChar(date_time, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr1, ToChar(date_time, 'HH:mm':Varchar) as $expr2, price, bidder, auction, _row_id] }
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag], aggs: [max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 4, 5, 14]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_0, count filter((price < 10000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32))_1, count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32))_1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ channel, $expr1, bidder, auction, flag, max($expr2), count, count filter((price < 10000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 10000:Int32) AND (price < 1000000:Int32)), count filter((price >= 1000000:Int32)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index 9b9ff1d660dd5..e3b091d700675 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count($expr4) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr4) filter((count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr4) filter((count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr4) filter((count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr5) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr5) filter((count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr5) filter((count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr5) filter((count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr5, flag], aggs: [count, count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr5, flag], aggs: [count, count filter(($expr3 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr3 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr3 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr4, $expr5, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr2], [$expr2, $expr4], [$expr2, $expr5]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [ToChar($expr1, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr2, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5] }
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3], aggs: [max(max($expr4)) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), sum0(count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32))) filter((flag = 0:Int64)), count($expr6) filter((flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr6) filter((count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr6) filter((count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr6) filter((count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 1:Int64)), count($expr7) filter((flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr7) filter((count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr7) filter((count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64)), count($expr7) filter((count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)) > 0:Int64) AND (flag = 2:Int64))] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr3) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr6, $expr7, flag], aggs: [max($expr4), count, count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr6, $expr7, flag], aggs: [max($expr4), count, count filter(($expr5 < 10000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 10000:Int32) AND ($expr5 < 1000000:Int32)), count filter(($expr5 >= 1000000:Int32))] }
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr3, $expr6, $expr7, flag) }
             └─BatchExpand { column_subsets: [[$expr2, $expr3, $expr4], [$expr2, $expr3, $expr6], [$expr2, $expr3, $expr7]] }
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr2, ToChar($expr1, 'yyyy-MM-dd':Varchar) as $expr3, ToChar($expr1, 'HH:mm':Varchar) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr6, Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr7] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
index f5b363904bab9..b2047d7cae089 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/logical_optimization.rs
@@ -240,11 +240,7 @@ static PUSH_CALC_OF_JOIN: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 static CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_STREAM: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     OptimizationStage::new(
         "Convert Distinct Aggregation",
-        vec![
-            UnionToDistinctRule::create(),
-            DistinctAggRule::create(true),
-            AggGroupBySimplifyRule::create(),
-        ],
+        vec![UnionToDistinctRule::create(), DistinctAggRule::create(true)],
         ApplyOrder::TopDown,
     )
 });
@@ -255,12 +251,19 @@ static CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_BATCH: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::n
         vec![
             UnionToDistinctRule::create(),
             DistinctAggRule::create(false),
-            AggGroupBySimplifyRule::create(),
         ],
         ApplyOrder::TopDown,
     )
 });
 
+static SIMPLIFY_AGG: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    OptimizationStage::new(
+        "Simplify Aggregation",
+        vec![AggGroupBySimplifyRule::create(), AggCallMergeRule::create()],
+        ApplyOrder::TopDown,
+    )
+});
+
 static JOIN_COMMUTE: LazyLock<OptimizationStage> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     OptimizationStage::new(
         "Join Commute".to_string(),
@@ -564,6 +567,8 @@ impl LogicalOptimizer {
             plan.optimize_by_rules(&CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_STREAM)
         };
 
+        plan = plan.optimize_by_rules(&SIMPLIFY_AGG);
+
         plan = plan.optimize_by_rules(&JOIN_COMMUTE);
 
         // Do a final column pruning and predicate pushing down to clean up the plan.
@@ -636,6 +641,8 @@ impl LogicalOptimizer {
         // Convert distinct aggregates.
         plan = plan.optimize_by_rules(&CONVERT_DISTINCT_AGG_FOR_BATCH);
 
+        plan = plan.optimize_by_rules(&SIMPLIFY_AGG);
+
         plan = plan.optimize_by_rules(&JOIN_COMMUTE);
 
         // Do a final column pruning and predicate pushing down to clean up the plan.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 4db0ac0780f62..e02c99858b7ce 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
         self.ctx().session_ctx().config().get_force_two_phase_agg()
     }
 
-    fn two_phase_agg_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn two_phase_agg_enabled(&self) -> bool {
         self.enable_two_phase
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_call_merge_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_call_merge_rule.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2a8a22bd0fcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_call_merge_rule.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::Agg;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalProject, PlanTreeNodeUnary};
+use crate::PlanRef;
+
+/// Merges duplicated aggregate function calls in `LogicalAgg`, and project them back to the desired schema.
+pub struct AggCallMergeRule {}
+
+impl Rule for AggCallMergeRule {
+    fn apply(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> Option<PlanRef> {
+        let Some(agg) = plan.as_logical_agg() else {
+            return None;
+        };
+
+        let calls = agg.agg_calls();
+        let mut new_calls = Vec::with_capacity(calls.len());
+        let mut out_fields = (0..agg.group_key().len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        out_fields.extend(calls.iter().map(|call| {
+            let pos = new_calls.iter().position(|c| c == call).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                let pos = new_calls.len();
+                new_calls.push(call.clone());
+                pos
+            });
+            agg.group_key().len() + pos
+        }));
+
+        if calls.len() == new_calls.len() {
+            // no change
+            None
+        } else {
+            let new_agg = Agg::new(new_calls, agg.group_key().clone(), agg.input())
+                .with_enable_two_phase(agg.core().two_phase_agg_enabled())
+                .into();
+            Some(LogicalProject::with_out_col_idx(new_agg, out_fields.into_iter()).into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AggCallMergeRule {
+    pub fn create() -> BoxedRule {
+        Box::new(Self {})
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
index 137528fd6b41e..7867bb1bb54f9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/mod.rs
@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ mod agg_group_by_simplify_rule;
 pub use agg_group_by_simplify_rule::*;
 mod apply_hop_window_transpose_rule;
 pub use apply_hop_window_transpose_rule::*;
+mod agg_call_merge_rule;
+pub use agg_call_merge_rule::*;
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! for_all_rules {
@@ -212,6 +214,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_rules {
             , { ExpandToProjectRule }
             , { AggGroupBySimplifyRule }
             , { ApplyHopWindowTransposeRule }
+            , { AggCallMergeRule }
         }
     };
 }

From 211d7bcee572e7bc1cd50b48248e745bb93820bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 16:58:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 281/430] feat(meta): define model V2 for hummock metadata
 (#12674)

---
 src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs            |   4 +-
 .../backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs   |   1 -
 src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs        |  15 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |  33 +--
 src/meta/src/hummock/model/mod.rs             |   3 -
 src/meta/src/hummock/model/version.rs         |  46 ---
 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_config.rs    |  29 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_status.rs    |  29 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_task.rs      |  30 ++
 .../src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_snapshot.rs   |  28 ++
 .../src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_version.rs    |  28 ++
 .../src/model_v2/hummock_version_delta.rs     |  35 +++
 .../src/model_v2/hummock_version_stats.rs     |  29 ++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs    |   6 +-
 .../migration/src/m20231008_020431_hummock.rs | 264 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |   7 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs              |   7 +
 17 files changed, 506 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/model/version.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_config.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_status.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_task.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_snapshot.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_version.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_delta.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_stats.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20231008_020431_hummock.rs

diff --git a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
index 5215e1cc144ea..0b35d53ae7e8c 100644
--- a/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/system_param/mod.rs
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ macro_rules! for_all_params {
             { bloom_false_positive, f64, Some(0.001_f64), false },
             { state_store, String, None, false },
             { data_directory, String, None, false },
-            { backup_storage_url, String, Some("memory".to_string()), false },
-            { backup_storage_directory, String, Some("backup".to_string()), false },
+            { backup_storage_url, String, Some("memory".to_string()), true },
+            { backup_storage_directory, String, Some("backup".to_string()), true },
             { max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs, u32, Some(1_u32), true },
             { pause_on_next_bootstrap, bool, Some(false), true },
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
index e54c9f443f125..ef98c1158fd2a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/meta_snapshot_builder.rs
@@ -191,7 +191,6 @@ mod tests {
             let v_ = v.clone();
             async move { v_ }
         };
-        hummock_version.insert(&meta_store).await.unwrap();
         let err = builder
             .build(1, get_ckpt_builder(&hummock_version))
             .await
diff --git a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
index 36e493686956d..ab4696e62f9bd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/backup_restore/restore.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ async fn restore_default_cf<S: MetaStore>(
 
 async fn restore_metadata<S: MetaStore>(meta_store: S, snapshot: MetaSnapshot) -> BackupResult<()> {
     restore_default_cf(&meta_store, &snapshot).await?;
-    restore_metadata_model(&meta_store, &[snapshot.metadata.hummock_version]).await?;
     restore_metadata_model(&meta_store, &[snapshot.metadata.version_stats]).await?;
     restore_metadata_model(
         &meta_store,
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ mod tests {
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use risingwave_backup::meta_snapshot::{ClusterMetadata, MetaSnapshot};
     use risingwave_common::config::{MetaBackend, SystemConfig};
-    use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{HummockVersion, HummockVersionStats};
     use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 
     use crate::backup_restore::restore::restore_impl;
@@ -331,8 +330,8 @@ mod tests {
         let backup_store = get_backup_store(opts.clone()).await.unwrap();
         let nonempty_meta_store = get_meta_store(opts.clone()).await.unwrap();
         dispatch_meta_store!(nonempty_meta_store.clone(), store, {
-            let hummock_version = HummockVersion::default();
-            hummock_version.insert(&store).await.unwrap();
+            let stats = HummockVersionStats::default();
+            stats.insert(&store).await.unwrap();
         });
         let empty_meta_store = get_meta_store(opts.clone()).await.unwrap();
         let system_param = get_system_params();
@@ -377,13 +376,6 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
 
         dispatch_meta_store!(empty_meta_store, store, {
-            let restored_hummock_version = HummockVersion::list(&store)
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .into_iter()
-                .next()
-                .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(restored_hummock_version.id, 123);
             let restored_system_param = SystemParams::get(&store).await.unwrap().unwrap();
             assert_eq!(restored_system_param, system_param);
         });
@@ -547,7 +539,6 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
 
         dispatch_meta_store!(empty_meta_store, store, {
-            assert!(HummockVersion::list(&store).await.unwrap().is_empty());
             assert!(SystemParams::get(&store).await.unwrap().is_none());
         });
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 29dd913df7a31..d49649a7dc91e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -437,29 +437,16 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 .collect();
 
         let mut redo_state = if self.need_init().await? {
-            // For backward compatibility, try to read checkpoint from meta store.
-            let versions = HummockVersion::list(self.env.meta_store()).await?;
-            let checkpoint_version = if !versions.is_empty() {
-                let checkpoint = versions.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    "read hummock version checkpoint from meta store: {:#?}",
-                    checkpoint
-                );
-                checkpoint
-            } else {
-                // As no record found in stores, create a initial version.
-                let default_compaction_config = self
-                    .compaction_group_manager
-                    .read()
-                    .await
-                    .default_compaction_config();
-                let checkpoint = create_init_version(default_compaction_config);
-                tracing::info!("init hummock version checkpoint");
-                HummockVersionStats::default()
-                    .insert(self.env.meta_store())
-                    .await?;
-                checkpoint
-            };
+            let default_compaction_config = self
+                .compaction_group_manager
+                .read()
+                .await
+                .default_compaction_config();
+            let checkpoint_version = create_init_version(default_compaction_config);
+            tracing::info!("init hummock version checkpoint");
+            HummockVersionStats::default()
+                .insert(self.env.meta_store())
+                .await?;
             versioning_guard.checkpoint = HummockVersionCheckpoint {
                 version: Some(checkpoint_version.clone()),
                 stale_objects: Default::default(),
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/model/mod.rs
index a2e5d1748f351..66c12d90836b9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/model/mod.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ mod compaction_group_config;
 mod compaction_status;
 mod pinned_snapshot;
 mod pinned_version;
-mod version;
 mod version_delta;
 mod version_stats;
 
@@ -25,12 +24,10 @@ pub use compaction_group_config::CompactionGroup;
 pub use compaction_status::*;
 pub use pinned_snapshot::*;
 pub use pinned_version::*;
-pub use version::*;
 pub use version_delta::*;
 
 /// Column family names for hummock.
 /// Deprecated `cf_name` should be reserved for backward compatibility.
-const HUMMOCK_VERSION_CF_NAME: &str = "cf/hummock_0";
 const HUMMOCK_VERSION_DELTA_CF_NAME: &str = "cf/hummock_1";
 const HUMMOCK_PINNED_VERSION_CF_NAME: &str = "cf/hummock_2";
 const HUMMOCK_PINNED_SNAPSHOT_CF_NAME: &str = "cf/hummock_3";
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/version.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/model/version.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d6a85ae745c64..0000000000000
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/version.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use prost::Message;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockVersionId;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockVersion;
-
-use crate::hummock::model::HUMMOCK_VERSION_CF_NAME;
-use crate::model::{MetadataModel, MetadataModelResult};
-
-/// `HummockVersion` tracks `Sstables` in given version.
-impl MetadataModel for HummockVersion {
-    type KeyType = HummockVersionId;
-    type PbType = HummockVersion;
-
-    fn cf_name() -> String {
-        String::from(HUMMOCK_VERSION_CF_NAME)
-    }
-
-    fn to_protobuf(&self) -> Self::PbType {
-        self.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn to_protobuf_encoded_vec(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.encode_to_vec()
-    }
-
-    fn from_protobuf(prost: Self::PbType) -> Self {
-        prost
-    }
-
-    fn key(&self) -> MetadataModelResult<Self::KeyType> {
-        Ok(0)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_config.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6f8345734586e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "compaction_config")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub compaction_group_id: i64,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary", nullable)]
+    pub config: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_status.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_status.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5872463395066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_status.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "compaction_status")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub compaction_group_id: i64,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary", nullable)]
+    pub status: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_task.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_task.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d3211b96d9a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/compaction_task.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "compaction_task")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub id: i64,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary")]
+    pub task: Json,
+    pub context_id: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_snapshot.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_snapshot.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..170f35dd5d358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_snapshot.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "hummock_pinned_snapshot")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub context_id: i32,
+    pub min_pinned_snapshot: i64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_version.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_version.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6e2f34a5f735e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_pinned_version.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "hummock_pinned_version")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub context_id: i32,
+    pub min_pinned_id: i64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_delta.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_delta.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..100dd82eafe94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_delta.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "hummock_version_delta")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub id: i64,
+    pub prev_id: i64,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary", nullable)]
+    pub group_deltas: Option<Json>,
+    pub max_committed_epoch: i64,
+    pub safe_epoch: i64,
+    pub trivial_move: bool,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary", nullable)]
+    pub gc_object_ids: Option<Json>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_stats.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_stats.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1a7e990df405a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/hummock_version_stats.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
+#[sea_orm(table_name = "hummock_version_stats")]
+pub struct Model {
+    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
+    pub id: i64,
+    #[sea_orm(column_type = "JsonBinary")]
+    pub stats: Json,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
+pub enum Relation {}
+
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
index 6f5c6f3a041ae..570bc75d08e99 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 pub use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;
 
 mod m20230908_072257_init;
+mod m20231008_020431_hummock;
 
 pub struct Migrator;
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl MigratorTrait for Migrator {
     fn migrations() -> Vec<Box<dyn MigrationTrait>> {
-        vec![Box::new(m20230908_072257_init::Migration)]
+        vec![
+            Box::new(m20230908_072257_init::Migration),
+            Box::new(m20231008_020431_hummock::Migration),
+        ]
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20231008_020431_hummock.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20231008_020431_hummock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ab01980990f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20231008_020431_hummock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(DeriveMigrationName)]
+pub struct Migration;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
+    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        macro_rules! assert_not_has_tables {
+            ($manager:expr, $( $table:ident ),+) => {
+                $(
+                    assert!(
+                        !$manager
+                            .has_table($table::Table.to_string())
+                            .await?
+                    );
+                )+
+            };
+        }
+        assert_not_has_tables!(
+            manager,
+            CompactionTask,
+            CompactionConfig,
+            CompactionStatus,
+            HummockPinnedVersion,
+            HummockPinnedSnapshot,
+            HummockVersionDelta,
+            HummockVersionStats
+        );
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(CompactionTask::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(CompactionTask::Id)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(CompactionTask::Task)
+                            .json_binary()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(CompactionTask::ContextId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(CompactionConfig::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(CompactionConfig::CompactionGroupId)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(CompactionConfig::Config).json_binary())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(CompactionStatus::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(CompactionStatus::CompactionGroupId)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(CompactionStatus::Status).json_binary())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(HummockPinnedVersion::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockPinnedVersion::ContextId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockPinnedVersion::MinPinnedId)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(HummockPinnedSnapshot::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockPinnedSnapshot::ContextId)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockPinnedSnapshot::MinPinnedSnapshot)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(HummockVersionDelta::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::Id)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::PrevId)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::GroupDeltas).json_binary())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::MaxCommittedEpoch)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::SafeEpoch)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::TrivialMove)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionDelta::GcObjectIds).json_binary())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        manager
+            .create_table(
+                Table::create()
+                    .table(HummockVersionStats::Table)
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionStats::Id)
+                            .big_integer()
+                            .not_null()
+                            .primary_key(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(HummockVersionStats::Stats)
+                            .json_binary()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        macro_rules! drop_tables {
+            ($manager:expr, $( $table:ident ),+) => {
+                $(
+                    $manager
+                        .drop_table(
+                            Table::drop()
+                                .table($table::Table)
+                                .if_exists()
+                                .cascade()
+                                .to_owned(),
+                        )
+                        .await?;
+                )+
+            };
+        }
+        drop_tables!(
+            manager,
+            CompactionTask,
+            CompactionConfig,
+            CompactionStatus,
+            HummockPinnedVersion,
+            HummockPinnedSnapshot,
+            HummockVersionDelta,
+            HummockVersionStats
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum CompactionTask {
+    Table,
+    Id,
+    Task,
+    ContextId,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum CompactionConfig {
+    Table,
+    CompactionGroupId,
+    Config,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum CompactionStatus {
+    Table,
+    CompactionGroupId,
+    Status,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum HummockPinnedVersion {
+    Table,
+    ContextId,
+    MinPinnedId,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum HummockPinnedSnapshot {
+    Table,
+    ContextId,
+    MinPinnedSnapshot,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum HummockVersionDelta {
+    Table,
+    Id,
+    PrevId,
+    GroupDeltas,
+    MaxCommittedEpoch,
+    SafeEpoch,
+    TrivialMove,
+    GcObjectIds,
+}
+
+#[derive(DeriveIden)]
+enum HummockVersionStats {
+    Table,
+    Id,
+    Stats,
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
index 8f496b56d1291..dfc4dc43fc3f1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,19 @@ pub mod prelude;
 
 pub mod actor;
 pub mod cluster;
+pub mod compaction_config;
+pub mod compaction_status;
+pub mod compaction_task;
 pub mod connection;
 pub mod database;
 pub mod election_leader;
 pub mod election_member;
 pub mod fragment;
 pub mod function;
+pub mod hummock_pinned_snapshot;
+pub mod hummock_pinned_version;
+pub mod hummock_version_delta;
+pub mod hummock_version_stats;
 pub mod index;
 pub mod object;
 pub mod object_dependency;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
index d929fa2a4aece..37496e486afcb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@
 
 pub use super::actor::Entity as Actor;
 pub use super::cluster::Entity as Cluster;
+pub use super::compaction_config::Entity as CompactionConfig;
+pub use super::compaction_status::Entity as CompactionStatus;
+pub use super::compaction_task::Entity as CompactionTask;
 pub use super::connection::Entity as Connection;
 pub use super::database::Entity as Database;
 pub use super::election_leader::Entity as ElectionLeader;
 pub use super::election_member::Entity as ElectionMember;
 pub use super::fragment::Entity as Fragment;
 pub use super::function::Entity as Function;
+pub use super::hummock_pinned_snapshot::Entity as HummockPinnedSnapshot;
+pub use super::hummock_pinned_version::Entity as HummockPinnedVersion;
+pub use super::hummock_version_delta::Entity as HummockVersionDelta;
+pub use super::hummock_version_stats::Entity as HummockVersionStats;
 pub use super::index::Entity as Index;
 pub use super::object::Entity as Object;
 pub use super::object_dependency::Entity as ObjectDependency;

From ac514f96ead2ba14e5abf733d7cf6ac71560a7ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 17:06:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 282/430] fix(storage): auto_pick_type should cover Tombstone
 type - Revert (#12730)

---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index d49649a7dc91e..43ba4b9e9710f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -3045,13 +3045,9 @@ impl CompactionState {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)
-        } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)) {
-            Some(compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
         } else {
-            // Other types are not triggered by `try_sched_compaction`, so no need to be handled.
-            // TODO: Consider using match state to avoid missing newly added types
             None
         }
     }

From d2e37ea5ffc6d85f8a62c8abf492e7456f6e6f4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 04:58:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 283/430] fix(streaming): handle pause on bootstrap for `Now`
 and `Values` (#12716)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt            |   2 -
 src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs                |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/now.rs                |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/values.rs             |  13 ++
 src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs           |   6 +
 .../recovery/pause_on_bootstrap.rs            | 119 +++++++++++++++---
 6 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt b/e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt
index d1be437ba371c..4f8d317f04261 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# Disabled, see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/10887
-
 statement ok
 create table t (ts timestamp);
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
index fffa62f4794f8..99b090e21a240 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
@@ -332,13 +332,7 @@ impl Barrier {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Whether this barrier is for configuration change. Used for source executor initialization.
-    pub fn is_update(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self.mutation.as_deref(), Some(Mutation::Update { .. }))
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this barrier is for resume. Used for now executor to determine whether to yield a
-    /// chunk and a watermark before this barrier.
+    /// Whether this barrier is for resume.
     pub fn is_resume(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.mutation.as_deref(), Some(Mutation::Resume))
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
index d2cbf05d71f80..636dabd59095e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> NowExecutor<S> {
                     }
                 };
                 last_timestamp = state_row.and_then(|row| row[0].clone());
+                paused = barrier.is_pause_on_startup();
                 initialized = true;
             } else if paused {
                 // Assert that no data is updated.
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> NowExecutor<S> {
             // Update paused state.
             if let Some(mutation) = barrier.mutation.as_deref() {
                 match mutation {
-                    Mutation::Pause | Mutation::Update { .. } => paused = true,
+                    Mutation::Pause => paused = true,
                     Mutation::Resume => paused = false,
                     _ => {}
                 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
index b30ad4c1ed2f3..624b2531bf7bd 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
@@ -83,10 +83,23 @@ impl ValuesExecutor {
             .unwrap();
 
         let emit = barrier.is_newly_added(self.ctx.id);
+        let paused_on_startup = barrier.is_pause_on_startup();
 
         yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+
         // If it's failover, do not evaluate rows (assume they have been yielded)
         if emit {
+            if paused_on_startup {
+                // Wait for the data stream to be resumed before yielding the chunks.
+                while let Some(barrier) = barrier_receiver.recv().await {
+                    let is_resume = barrier.is_resume();
+                    yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+                    if is_resume {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             let cardinality = schema.len();
             ensure!(cardinality > 0);
             while !rows.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs b/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
index f375eeac4cc85..4eb60e7af14dc 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
@@ -655,6 +655,12 @@ impl Session {
         self.query_tx.send((sql.into(), tx)).await?;
         rx.await?
     }
+
+    /// Run `FLUSH` on the session.
+    pub async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.run("FLUSH").await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Options for killing nodes.
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/pause_on_bootstrap.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/pause_on_bootstrap.rs
index d0288e6931e88..0eea61da67dfb 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/pause_on_bootstrap.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/pause_on_bootstrap.rs
@@ -15,29 +15,43 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use risingwave_simulation::cluster::Configuration;
+use risingwave_simulation::cluster::{Cluster, Configuration};
 use risingwave_simulation::nexmark::NexmarkCluster;
 use risingwave_simulation::utils::AssertResult;
 use tokio::time::{sleep, timeout};
 
-const CREATE_TABLE: &str = "CREATE TABLE t (v int)";
-const INSERT_INTO_TABLE: &str = "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)";
-const SELECT_COUNT_TABLE: &str = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t";
-
-const CREATE: &str = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW count_bid as SELECT COUNT(*) FROM bid";
-const SELECT: &str = "SELECT * FROM count_bid";
-
-const CREATE_2: &str = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW count_auction as SELECT COUNT(*) FROM auction";
-const SELECT_2: &str = "SELECT * FROM count_auction";
-
 const SET_PARAMETER: &str = "ALTER SYSTEM SET pause_on_next_bootstrap TO true";
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 enum ResumeBy {
     Risectl,
     Restart,
 }
 
+impl ResumeBy {
+    async fn resume(self, cluster: &mut Cluster) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            ResumeBy::Risectl => cluster.resume().await?,
+            ResumeBy::Restart => cluster.kill_nodes(["meta-1"], 0).await,
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 async fn test_impl(resume_by: ResumeBy) -> Result<()> {
+    const CREATE_TABLE: &str = "CREATE TABLE t (v int)";
+    const INSERT_INTO_TABLE: &str = "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)";
+    const SELECT_COUNT_TABLE: &str = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t";
+
+    const CREATE: &str = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW count_bid as SELECT COUNT(*) FROM bid";
+    const SELECT: &str = "SELECT * FROM count_bid";
+
+    const CREATE_2: &str = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW count_auction as SELECT COUNT(*) FROM auction";
+    const SELECT_2: &str = "SELECT * FROM count_auction";
+
+    const CREATE_VALUES: &str = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW values as VALUES (1), (2), (3)";
+    const SELECT_VALUES: &str = "SELECT count(*) FROM values";
+
     let mut cluster = NexmarkCluster::new(
         Configuration {
             meta_nodes: 1,
@@ -77,18 +91,21 @@ async fn test_impl(resume_by: ResumeBy) -> Result<()> {
     // New streaming jobs should also start from paused.
     cluster.run(CREATE_2).await?;
     sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
-    cluster.run(SELECT_2).await?.assert_result_eq("0"); // even there's no data from source, the
+    cluster.run(SELECT_2).await?.assert_result_eq("0"); // even there's no data from source, the aggregation
                                                         // result will be 0 instead of empty or NULL
 
+    // `VALUES` should also be paused.
+    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), cluster.run(CREATE_VALUES))
+        .await
+        .expect_err("`VALUES` should be paused so creation should never complete");
+
     // DML on tables should be blocked.
     let result = timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), cluster.run(INSERT_INTO_TABLE)).await;
     assert!(result.is_err());
     cluster.run(SELECT_COUNT_TABLE).await?.assert_result_eq("0");
 
-    match resume_by {
-        ResumeBy::Risectl => cluster.resume().await?,
-        ResumeBy::Restart => cluster.kill_nodes(["meta-1"], 0).await,
-    }
+    // Resume the cluster.
+    resume_by.resume(&mut cluster).await?;
     sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
 
     // The source should be resumed.
@@ -100,17 +117,22 @@ async fn test_impl(resume_by: ResumeBy) -> Result<()> {
     {
         let mut session = cluster.start_session();
 
-        session.run("FLUSH").await?;
+        session.flush().await?;
         let count: i64 = session.run(SELECT_COUNT_TABLE).await?.parse().unwrap();
 
         session.run(INSERT_INTO_TABLE).await?;
-        session.run("FLUSH").await?;
+        session.flush().await?;
         session
             .run(SELECT_COUNT_TABLE)
             .await?
             .assert_result_eq(format!("{}", count + 1));
     }
 
+    if let ResumeBy::Risectl = resume_by {
+        // `VALUES` should be successfully created
+        cluster.run(SELECT_VALUES).await?.assert_result_eq("3");
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -123,3 +145,64 @@ async fn test_pause_on_bootstrap_resume_by_risectl() -> Result<()> {
 async fn test_pause_on_bootstrap_resume_by_restart() -> Result<()> {
     test_impl(ResumeBy::Restart).await
 }
+
+// The idea is similar to `e2e_test/batch/transaction/now.slt`.
+async fn test_temporal_filter(resume_by: ResumeBy) -> Result<()> {
+    const CREATE_TABLE: &str = "create table t (ts timestamp)";
+    const CREATE_TEMPORAL_FILTER: &str =
+        "create materialized view mv as select count(*) from t where ts at time zone 'utc' >= now()";
+    const INSERT_TIMESTAMPS: &str = "
+    insert into t select * from generate_series(
+        now() at time zone 'utc' - interval '10' second,
+        now() at time zone 'utc' + interval '20' second,
+        interval '1' second / 20
+    );
+    ";
+    const SELECT: &str = "select * from mv";
+
+    let mut cluster = Cluster::start(Configuration {
+        meta_nodes: 1,
+        ..Configuration::for_scale()
+    })
+    .await?;
+
+    cluster.run(SET_PARAMETER).await?;
+
+    {
+        let mut session = cluster.start_session();
+        session.run(CREATE_TABLE).await?;
+        session.run(CREATE_TEMPORAL_FILTER).await?;
+        session.run(INSERT_TIMESTAMPS).await?;
+        session.flush().await?;
+    };
+
+    // Kill the meta node and wait for the service to recover.
+    cluster.kill_nodes(["meta-1"], 0).await;
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
+
+    let count: i32 = cluster.run(SELECT).await?.parse()?;
+    assert_ne!(count, 0, "the following tests are meaningless");
+
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
+    let new_count: i32 = cluster.run(SELECT).await?.parse()?;
+    assert_eq!(count, new_count, "temporal filter should have been paused");
+
+    // Resume the cluster.
+    resume_by.resume(&mut cluster).await?;
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(40)).await; // 40 seconds is enough for all timestamps to be expired
+
+    let count: i32 = cluster.run(SELECT).await?.parse()?;
+    assert_eq!(count, 0, "temporal filter should have been resumed");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_pause_on_bootstrap_temporal_filter_resume_by_risectl() -> Result<()> {
+    test_temporal_filter(ResumeBy::Risectl).await
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_pause_on_bootstrap_temporal_filter_resume_by_restart() -> Result<()> {
+    test_temporal_filter(ResumeBy::Restart).await
+}

From aec6038602cefd2329a5ea72a9791ae726846d37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 20:29:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 284/430] refactor(optimizer): change stream key to option
 (#12524)

---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs         |  7 +++-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs       |  4 +--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs   |  6 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs    |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/over_window.rs          |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs    |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/generic/project_set.rs          |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs  |  6 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    |  7 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs  | 13 +++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_dedup.rs  |  7 +---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs | 15 ++-------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs   |  8 ++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs | 33 +++++++++++--------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs    |  7 +++-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs    |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_project_set.rs          |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs   |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_table_function.rs       |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs   |  3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs  | 16 ++++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs | 15 ++-------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs |  4 +--
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   | 24 +++++++++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs      | 22 ++++++-------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         | 20 ++++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs     |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs      |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs    |  5 ++-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs  |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs     |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs |  2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs   |  9 ++++-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs    |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs    |  4 +--
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  | 16 +++++++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs    | 11 ++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs  |  2 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs      |  2 +-
 .../plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs       | 10 +++---
 53 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
index 7153f8e6a8943..92ea32c73592c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/derive.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,12 @@ pub(crate) fn derive_pk(
     columns: &[ColumnCatalog],
 ) -> (Vec<ColumnOrder>, Vec<usize>) {
     // Note(congyi): avoid pk duplication
-    let stream_key = input.stream_key().iter().copied().unique().collect_vec();
+    let stream_key = input
+        .expect_stream_key()
+        .iter()
+        .copied()
+        .unique()
+        .collect_vec();
     let schema = input.schema();
 
     // Assert the uniqueness of column names and IDs, including hidden columns.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index e02c99858b7ce..999c56de521a9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
         window_col_idx: Option<usize>,
     ) -> Vec<AggCallState> {
         let in_fields = self.input.schema().fields().to_vec();
-        let in_pks = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
+        let in_pks = self.input.stream_key().unwrap().to_vec();
         let in_append_only = self.input.append_only();
         let in_dist_key = self.input.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
index 23ab1caf6f442..26952dd1c4031 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/delete.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Delete<PlanRef> {
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         if self.returning {
-            Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
+            Some(self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec())
         } else {
             Some(vec![])
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
index 1e45d8f710af2..85ffd922c43e7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for DynamicFilter<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.left.stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.left.stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub fn infer_left_internal_table_catalog(
     let mut pk_indices = vec![left_key_index];
     let read_prefix_len_hint = pk_indices.len();
 
-    for i in me.stream_key() {
+    for i in me.stream_key().unwrap() {
         if *i != left_key_index {
             pk_indices.push(*i);
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
index 7dc99c8290210..a49802e8d9155 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/except.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Except<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
index 55624b04baa99..ba7c52aa814ef 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/expand.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Expand<PlanRef> {
         let input_schema_len = self.input.schema().len();
         let mut pk_indices = self
             .input
-            .stream_key()
+            .stream_key()?
             .iter()
             .map(|&pk| pk + input_schema_len)
             .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
index bac03135c4214..5b09e504121c0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/filter.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Filter<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
index 37d9401ee194d..9bd0dec4b70cc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/hop_window.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for HopWindow<PlanRef> {
         } else {
             let mut pk = self
                 .input
-                .stream_key()
+                .stream_key()?
                 .iter()
                 .filter_map(|&pk_idx| self.output_indices.iter().position(|&idx| idx == pk_idx))
                 .collect_vec();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
index 84c34e0b8d507..c0db320dbf537 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/intersect.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Intersect<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.inputs[0].stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
index d4cc84376599f..9429e29b968ea 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let _left_len = self.left.schema().len();
         let _right_len = self.right.schema().len();
-        let left_pk = self.left.stream_key();
-        let right_pk = self.right.stream_key();
+        let left_pk = self.left.stream_key()?;
+        let right_pk = self.right.stream_key()?;
         let l2i = self.l2i_col_mapping();
         let r2i = self.r2i_col_mapping();
         let full_out_col_num = self.internal_column_num();
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
 
         // NOTE(st1page): add join keys in the pk_indices a work around before we really have stream
         // key.
-        pk_indices.and_then(|mut pk_indices| {
+        pk_indices.and_then(|mut pk_indices: Vec<usize>| {
             let left_len = self.left.schema().len();
             let right_len = self.right.schema().len();
             let eq_predicate = EqJoinPredicate::create(left_len, right_len, self.on.clone());
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
index 2773ea325285e..b4ac1ef7821e2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/limit.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Limit<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 }
 impl<PlanRef> Limit<PlanRef> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
index cc02763f26f98..49038500b4301 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(super) use impl_distill_unit_from_fields;
 
 pub trait GenericPlanRef: Eq + Hash {
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema;
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize];
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]>;
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet;
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
index cf7bc028ff82f..96e60184fbcca 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/over_window.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for OverWindow<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        let mut output_pk = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
+        let mut output_pk = self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec();
         for part_key_idx in self
             .window_functions
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
index ca1dc7ae4468f..d8b6988af4391 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Project<PlanRef> {
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         let i2o = self.i2o_col_mapping();
         self.input
-            .stream_key()
+            .stream_key()?
             .iter()
             .map(|pk_col| i2o.try_map(*pk_col))
             .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
index 3e5d5585f782c..fef26d1b32993 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/project_set.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for ProjectSet<PlanRef> {
         let i2o = self.i2o_col_mapping();
         let mut pk = self
             .input
-            .stream_key()
+            .stream_key()?
             .iter()
             .map(|pk_col| i2o.try_map(*pk_col))
             .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
index d9c32b6a28f6f..838a02c07f2e1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/share.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Share<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        Some(self.input.borrow().stream_key().to_vec())
+        Some(self.input.borrow().stream_key()?.to_vec())
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
index dcca35f5a5d9f..f0d04ab933a78 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> TopN<PlanRef> {
         &self,
         schema: &Schema,
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
-        stream_key: &[usize],
+        input_stream_key: &[usize],
         vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
     ) -> TableCatalog {
         let columns_fields = schema.fields().to_vec();
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> TopN<PlanRef> {
             order_cols.insert(order.column_index);
         });
 
-        stream_key.iter().for_each(|idx| {
+        input_stream_key.iter().for_each(|idx| {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for TopN<PlanRef> {
         if self.limit_attr.max_one_row() {
             Some(self.group_key.clone())
         } else {
-            let mut pk = self.input.stream_key().to_vec();
+            let mut pk = self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec();
             for i in &self.group_key {
                 if !pk.contains(i) {
                     pk.push(*i);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
index b8a1d9e2ec5e3..bc736eed4e153 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Union<PlanRef> {
         // Union all its inputs pks + source_col if exists
         let mut pk_indices = vec![];
         for input in &self.inputs {
-            for pk in input.stream_key() {
+            for pk in input.stream_key()? {
                 if !pk_indices.contains(pk) {
                     pk_indices.push(*pk);
                 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
index f832806e7cf9a..16d73afe62003 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/update.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Update<PlanRef> {
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
         if self.returning {
-            Some(self.input.stream_key().to_vec())
+            Some(self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec())
         } else {
             Some(vec![])
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index 7f86551acb397..0ab848eb29f64 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -223,8 +223,11 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
         // so it obeys consistent hash strategy via [`Distribution::HashShard`].
         let stream_input =
             if *input_dist == Distribution::SomeShard && self.core.must_try_two_phase_agg() {
-                RequiredDist::shard_by_key(stream_input.schema().len(), stream_input.stream_key())
-                    .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?
+                RequiredDist::shard_by_key(
+                    stream_input.schema().len(),
+                    stream_input.expect_stream_key(),
+                )
+                .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?
             } else {
                 stream_input
             };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
index 3ab29bf4ff4d9..7640f093fc933 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
@@ -86,16 +86,13 @@ impl LogicalApply {
         let ctx = left.ctx();
         let join_core = generic::Join::with_full_output(left, right, join_type, on);
         let schema = join_core.schema();
-        let pk_indices = join_core.stream_key();
-        let (functional_dependency, pk_indices) = match pk_indices {
-            Some(pk_indices) => (
-                FunctionalDependencySet::with_key(schema.len(), &pk_indices),
-                pk_indices,
-            ),
-            None => (FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len()), vec![]),
+        let stream_key = join_core.stream_key();
+        let functional_dependency = match &stream_key {
+            Some(stream_key) => FunctionalDependencySet::with_key(schema.len(), stream_key),
+            None => FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len()),
         };
         let (left, right, on, join_type, _output_indices) = join_core.decompose();
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, pk_indices, functional_dependency);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, stream_key, functional_dependency);
         LogicalApply {
             base,
             left,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_dedup.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_dedup.rs
index f070d51847fee..dd46f9af9be1d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_dedup.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_dedup.rs
@@ -38,13 +38,8 @@ pub struct LogicalDedup {
 
 impl LogicalDedup {
     pub fn new(input: PlanRef, dedup_cols: Vec<usize>) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(
-            input.ctx(),
-            input.schema().clone(),
-            dedup_cols.clone(),
-            input.functional_dependency().clone(),
-        );
         let core = generic::Dedup { input, dedup_cols };
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical_with_core(&core);
         LogicalDedup { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
index d07504701ab4d..e4bd65efa647c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
@@ -63,23 +63,12 @@ impl LogicalHopWindow {
             output_indices,
         };
 
-        let _schema = core.schema();
-        let _pk_indices = core.stream_key();
         let ctx = core.ctx();
 
-        // NOTE(st1page): add join keys in the pk_indices a work around before we really have stream
-        // key.
-        // let pk_indices = match pk_indices {
-        //     Some(pk_indices) if functional_dependency.is_key(&pk_indices) => {
-        //         functional_dependency.minimize_key(&pk_indices)
-        //     }
-        //     _ => pk_indices.unwrap_or_default(),
-        // };
-
         let base = PlanBase::new_logical(
             ctx,
             core.schema(),
-            core.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
+            core.stream_key(),
             core.functional_dependency(),
         );
 
@@ -348,7 +337,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalHopWindow {
         let i2o = self.core.i2o_col_mapping();
         output_indices.extend(
             input
-                .stream_key()
+                .expect_stream_key()
                 .iter()
                 .cloned()
                 .filter(|i| i2o.try_map(*i).is_none()),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
index 21aef3277a9de..e76a99fd15e21 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
@@ -1395,14 +1395,14 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalJoin {
 
         // Add missing pk indices to the logical join
         let mut left_to_add = left
-            .stream_key()
+            .expect_stream_key()
             .iter()
             .cloned()
             .filter(|i| l2o.try_map(*i).is_none())
             .collect_vec();
 
         let mut right_to_add = right
-            .stream_key()
+            .expect_stream_key()
             .iter()
             .filter(|&&i| r2o.try_map(i).is_none())
             .map(|&i| i + left_len)
@@ -1464,13 +1464,13 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalJoin {
                 .composite(&join_with_pk.core.i2o_col_mapping());
             let left_right_stream_keys = join_with_pk
                 .left()
-                .stream_key()
+                .expect_stream_key()
                 .iter()
                 .map(|i| l2o.map(*i))
                 .chain(
                     join_with_pk
                         .right()
-                        .stream_key()
+                        .expect_stream_key()
                         .iter()
                         .map(|i| r2o.map(*i)),
                 )
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
index 2a74d227dc86c..1c0253ab7aafd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
@@ -244,19 +244,7 @@ impl LogicalMultiJoin {
                 .collect_vec()
         };
 
-        let pk_indices = {
-            let mut pk_indices = vec![];
-            for (i, input_pk) in inputs.iter().map(|input| input.stream_key()).enumerate() {
-                for input_pk_idx in input_pk {
-                    pk_indices.push(inner_i2o_mappings[i].map(*input_pk_idx));
-                }
-            }
-            pk_indices
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|col_idx| inner2output.try_map(col_idx))
-                .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-        };
+        let pk_indices = Self::derive_stream_key(&inputs, &inner_i2o_mappings, &inner2output);
         let functional_dependency = {
             let mut fd_set = FunctionalDependencySet::new(tot_col_num);
             let mut column_cnt: usize = 0;
@@ -303,6 +291,25 @@ impl LogicalMultiJoin {
         }
     }
 
+    fn derive_stream_key(
+        inputs: &[PlanRef],
+        inner_i2o_mappings: &[ColIndexMapping],
+        inner2output: &ColIndexMapping,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        // TODO(st1page): add JOIN key
+        let mut pk_indices = vec![];
+        for (i, input) in inputs.iter().enumerate() {
+            let input_stream_key = input.stream_key()?;
+            for input_pk_idx in input_stream_key {
+                pk_indices.push(inner_i2o_mappings[i].map(*input_pk_idx));
+            }
+        }
+        pk_indices
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|col_idx| inner2output.try_map(col_idx))
+            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
+    }
+
     /// Get a reference to the logical join's on.
     pub fn on(&self) -> &Condition {
         &self.on
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
index 4a26ef6304541..2792c4848e3b3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,12 @@ impl LogicalNow {
             sub_fields: vec![],
             type_name: String::default(),
         }]);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![], FunctionalDependencySet::default());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(
+            ctx,
+            schema,
+            Some(vec![]),
+            FunctionalDependencySet::default(),
+        );
         Self { base }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
index 0eea08b6ac3ad..f3bb51cc7f971 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalProject {
         let (proj, out_col_change) = self.rewrite_with_input(input.clone(), input_col_change);
 
         // Add missing columns of input_pk into the select list.
-        let input_pk = input.stream_key();
+        let input_pk = input.expect_stream_key();
         let i2o = proj.i2o_col_mapping();
         let col_need_to_add = input_pk
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
index 50ad246b5bb09..cba907eeeb379 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalProjectSet {
             self.rewrite_with_input(input.clone(), input_col_change);
 
         // Add missing columns of input_pk into the select list.
-        let input_pk = input.stream_key();
+        let input_pk = input.expect_stream_key();
         let i2o = self.core.i2o_col_mapping();
         let col_need_to_add = input_pk
             .iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
index 8ee3e6504f185..6307558882023 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalScan {
                 None.into(),
             )));
         }
-        match self.base.stream_key.is_empty() {
+        match self.base.stream_key.is_none() {
             true => {
                 let mut col_ids = HashSet::new();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
index c42a51aeb9024..15d510cc1c6fd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_table_function.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl LogicalTableFunction {
                 .push(Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "ordinality"));
         }
         let functional_dependency = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![], functional_dependency);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, None, functional_dependency);
         Self {
             base,
             table_function,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
index 1e4c6113f2ee7..bd585910cb09e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
         );
 
         // TODO(st1page): solve it
-        let global_top_n = StreamTopN::with_stream_key(global_top_n, self.stream_key().to_vec());
+        let global_top_n =
+            StreamTopN::with_stream_key(global_top_n, self.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()));
 
         // use another projection to remove the column we added before.
         exprs.pop();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
index 2538450606772..10371fda3c2b0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
 };
 use crate::optimizer::property::RequiredDist;
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, Condition};
+use crate::Explain;
 
 /// `LogicalUnion` returns the union of the rows of its inputs.
 /// If `all` is false, it needs to eliminate duplicates.
@@ -139,7 +140,12 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalUnion {
 impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
     fn to_stream(&self, ctx: &mut ToStreamContext) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         // TODO: use round robin distribution instead of using hash distribution of all inputs.
-        let dist = RequiredDist::hash_shard(self.base.stream_key());
+        let dist = RequiredDist::hash_shard(self.base.stream_key().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            panic!(
+                "should always have a stream key in the stream plan but not, sub plan: {}",
+                PlanRef::from(self.clone()).explain_to_string()
+            )
+        }));
         let new_inputs: Result<Vec<_>> = self
             .inputs()
             .iter()
@@ -174,7 +180,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                     .map(|x| col_index_mapping.map(x))
                     .collect_vec();
                 new_input
-                    .stream_key()
+                    .expect_stream_key()
                     .iter()
                     .all(|x| original_schema_new_pos.contains(x))
             });
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                 .iter()
                 .flat_map(|(new_input, _)| {
                     new_input
-                        .stream_key()
+                        .expect_stream_key()
                         .iter()
                         .map(|x| new_input.schema().fields[*x].data_type())
                 })
@@ -234,7 +240,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                 .collect_vec();
             let input_pk_lens = rewrites
                 .iter()
-                .map(|(new_input, _)| new_input.stream_key().len())
+                .map(|(new_input, _)| new_input.expect_stream_key().len())
                 .collect_vec();
             let mut input_pk_offsets = vec![0];
             for (i, len) in input_pk_lens.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -258,7 +264,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                         .collect_vec();
                     // input1_pk + input2_pk + ...
                     let mut input_pks = input_pk_nulls.clone();
-                    for (j, pk_idx) in new_input.stream_key().iter().enumerate() {
+                    for (j, pk_idx) in new_input.expect_stream_key().iter().enumerate() {
                         input_pks[input_pk_offsets[i] + j] = ExprImpl::InputRef(
                             InputRef::new(
                                 *pk_idx,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
index 0c903559b4e2b..80e4f350d8edb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::vec;
-
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema, TableVersionId};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableVersionId;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
@@ -28,7 +25,6 @@ use crate::expr::{ExprImpl, ExprRewriter};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     ColumnPruningContext, PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext, ToStreamContext,
 };
-use crate::optimizer::property::FunctionalDependencySet;
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, Condition};
 
 /// [`LogicalUpdate`] iterates on input relation, set some columns, and inject update records into
@@ -43,14 +39,7 @@ pub struct LogicalUpdate {
 
 impl From<generic::Update<PlanRef>> for LogicalUpdate {
     fn from(core: generic::Update<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let ctx = core.input.ctx();
-        let schema = if core.returning {
-            core.input.schema().clone()
-        } else {
-            Schema::new(vec![Field::unnamed(DataType::Int64)])
-        };
-        let fd_set = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![], fd_set);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical_with_core(&core);
         Self { base, core }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
index e6f8dc59c63ff..c6a3d2ac0564e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl LogicalValues {
             }
         }
         let functional_dependency = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![], functional_dependency);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, None, functional_dependency);
         Self {
             rows: rows.into(),
             base,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl LogicalValues {
             }
         }
         let functional_dependency = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, vec![pk_index], functional_dependency);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_logical(ctx, schema, Some(vec![pk_index]), functional_dependency);
         Self {
             rows: rows.into(),
             base,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index 189ab9a0f1a6d..a4ec6191dedf3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -218,6 +218,15 @@ impl RewriteExprsRecursive for PlanRef {
 }
 
 impl PlanRef {
+    pub fn expect_stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        self.stream_key().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            panic!(
+                "a stream key is expected but not exist, plan: {}",
+                self.explain_to_string()
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
     fn prune_col_inner(&self, required_cols: &[usize], ctx: &mut ColumnPruningContext) -> PlanRef {
         if let Some(logical_share) = self.as_logical_share() {
             // Check the share cache first. If cache exists, it means this is the second round of
@@ -435,8 +444,8 @@ impl GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
         &self.plan_base().schema
     }
 
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.plan_base().stream_key
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.plan_base().stream_key()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -514,8 +523,8 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
         &self.plan_base().schema
     }
 
-    pub fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.plan_base().stream_key
+    pub fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.plan_base().stream_key()
     }
 
     pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
@@ -566,7 +575,12 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
             identity: self.explain_myself_to_string(),
             node_body: node,
             operator_id: self.id().0 as _,
-            stream_key: self.stream_key().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
+            stream_key: self
+                .stream_key()
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|x| *x as u32)
+                .collect(),
             fields: self.schema().to_prost(),
             append_only: self.append_only(),
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
index 1ca7f513cb3ab..22e239a7369d5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct PlanBase {
     pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
     pub schema: Schema,
     /// the pk indices of the PlanNode's output, a empty stream key vec means there is no stream key
-    pub stream_key: Vec<usize>,
+    pub stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
     /// The order property of the PlanNode's output, store an `&Order::any()` here will not affect
     /// correctness, but insert unnecessary sort in plan
     pub order: Order,
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
         &self.schema
     }
 
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.stream_key
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.stream_key.as_deref()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
     pub fn new_logical(
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
         schema: Schema,
-        stream_key: Vec<usize>,
+        stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
         functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
     ) -> Self {
         let id = ctx.next_plan_node_id();
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         Self::new_logical(
             node.ctx(),
             node.schema(),
-            node.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
+            node.stream_key(),
             node.functional_dependency(),
         )
     }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         Self::new_stream(
             logical.ctx(),
             logical.schema(),
-            logical.stream_key().unwrap_or_default().to_vec(),
+            logical.stream_key(),
             logical.functional_dependency(),
             dist,
             append_only,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
     pub fn new_stream(
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
         schema: Schema,
-        stream_key: Vec<usize>,
+        stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
         functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
         dist: Distribution,
         append_only: bool,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
             schema,
             dist,
             order,
-            stream_key: vec![],
+            stream_key: None,
             // Batch plan node won't touch `append_only` field
             append_only: true,
             emit_on_window_close: false, // TODO(rc): batch EOWC support?
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl PlanBase {
         PlanBase::new_stream(
             plan_node.ctx(),
             plan_node.schema().clone(),
-            plan_node.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            plan_node.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             plan_node.functional_dependency().clone(),
             plan_node.distribution().clone(),
             plan_node.append_only(),
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_base_delegate {
                 pub fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
                     &self.plan_base().schema
                 }
-                pub fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-                    &self.plan_base().stream_key
+                pub fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+                    self.plan_base().stream_key()
                 }
                 pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
                     &self.plan_base().order
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 598318ed22d0c..36b2c77d22aed 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub trait StreamPlanNode: GenericPlanNode {
             id: ctx.next_plan_node_id(),
             ctx,
             schema: self.schema(),
-            stream_key: self.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
+            stream_key: self.stream_key(),
             dist: self.distribution(),
             append_only: self.append_only(),
             emit_on_window_close: self.emit_on_window_close(),
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
         &self.0.schema
     }
 
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.0.stream_key
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.0.stream_key.as_deref()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
         &self.schema
     }
 
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.stream_key
+    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.stream_key.as_deref()
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ impl HashJoin {
 
         // dedup the pk in dist key..
         let mut deduped_input_pk_indices = vec![];
-        for input_pk_idx in input.stream_key() {
+        for input_pk_idx in input.stream_key().unwrap() {
             if !pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
                 && !deduped_input_pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
             {
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ pub struct PlanBase {
     #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
     pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
     pub schema: Schema,
-    pub stream_key: Vec<usize>,
+    pub stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
     #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
     #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
     pub dist: Distribution,
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                 .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                     input.schema(),
                     input.ctx(),
-                    input.stream_key(),
+                    input.stream_key().unwrap(),
                     me.vnode_col_idx,
                 )
                 .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
@@ -765,7 +765,9 @@ pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
                     me.infer_internal_table_catalog(
                         input.schema(),
                         input.ctx(),
-                        input.stream_key(),
+                        input
+                            .stream_key()
+                            .expect("should always have a stream key in the stream plan but not"),
                         None,
                     )
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
index febf550049265..c9f969384c3a4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl StreamDml {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             append_only,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
index 6b13b88a38bf2..427c0de4c89c1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
             tbl_builder.add_order_column(order_key_index, OrderType::ascending());
             order_cols.insert(order_key_index);
         }
-        for idx in self.logical.input.stream_key() {
+        for idx in self.logical.input.expect_stream_key() {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
index b70b127a5522c..45bcccff7a6cf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl StreamExchange {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
@@ -53,12 +53,11 @@ impl StreamExchange {
 
     pub fn new_no_shuffle(input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let ctx = input.ctx();
-        let pk_indices = input.stream_key().to_vec();
         // Dispatch executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             ctx,
             input.schema().clone(),
-            pk_indices,
+            input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
index 93209aa0b8800..2248a49223641 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamGroupTopN {
             .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                 input.schema(),
                 input.ctx(),
-                input.stream_key(),
+                input.expect_stream_key(),
                 self.vnode_col_idx,
             )
             .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index 4b85612678f94..725e4ae0c677d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl StreamMaterialize {
                 TableType::MaterializedView => {
                     assert_matches!(user_distributed_by, RequiredDist::Any);
                     // ensure the same pk will not shuffle to different node
-                    RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.stream_key())
+                    RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.expect_stream_key())
                 }
                 TableType::Index => {
                     assert_matches!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
index da1f04f2a2698..9eb0a0e0f143e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl StreamNow {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             ctx,
             schema,
-            vec![],
+            Some(vec![]),
             FunctionalDependencySet::default(),
             Distribution::Single,
             false,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
index e77145bac748d..d3a89129b4b82 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl StreamOverWindow {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(o.column_index, o.order_type);
             }
         }
-        for &idx in self.logical.input.stream_key() {
+        for &idx in self.logical.input.expect_stream_key() {
             if order_cols.insert(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(idx, OrderType::ascending());
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
index a2a5f834400a5..c85bd10dc1632 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamRowIdGen {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
index 795cdcbfda06b..969527fa69702 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use super::utils::Distill;
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamExchange, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalShare, PlanBase, PlanTreeNode};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
+use crate::Explain;
 
 /// `StreamShare` will be translated into an `ExchangeNode` based on its distribution finally.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -96,7 +97,13 @@ impl StreamShare {
                     identity: self.distill_to_string(),
                     node_body: Some(node_body),
                     operator_id: self.id().0 as _,
-                    stream_key: self.stream_key().iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect(),
+                    stream_key: self
+                        .stream_key()
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("should always have a stream key in the stream plan but not, sub plan: {}",
+                       PlanRef::from(self.clone()).explain_to_string()))
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| *x as u32)
+                        .collect(),
                     fields: self.schema().to_prost(),
                     append_only: self.append_only(),
                 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
index d1cd407a7e7dd..c54ca367bb517 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl StreamSink {
                     }
                     _ => {
                         assert_matches!(user_distributed_by, RequiredDist::Any);
-                        RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.stream_key())
+                        RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.expect_stream_key())
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
index 9ade7a165500a..b82d71068d817 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
         assert!(input.watermark_columns().contains(sort_column_index));
 
         let schema = input.schema().clone();
-        let stream_key = input.stream_key().to_vec();
+        let stream_key = input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec());
         let fd_set = input.functional_dependency().clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(input.schema().len());
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
             }
         }
 
-        for idx in self.input.stream_key() {
+        for idx in self.input.expect_stream_key() {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index 2520ce0a09cb1..4eaa7053edd83 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::{IndicesDisplay, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, DistributionDisplay};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
-use crate::TableCatalog;
+use crate::{Explain, TableCatalog};
 
 /// `StreamTableScan` is a virtual plan node to represent a stream table scan. It will be converted
 /// to chain + merge node (for upstream materialize) + batch table scan when converting to `MView`
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamTableScan {
 
         if verbose {
             let pk = IndicesDisplay {
-                indices: self.stream_key(),
+                indices: self.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
                 schema: &self.base.schema,
             };
             vec.push(("pk", pk.distill()));
@@ -227,7 +227,17 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
     pub fn adhoc_to_stream_prost(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbStreamNode {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
 
-        let stream_key = self.base.stream_key.iter().map(|x| *x as u32).collect_vec();
+        let stream_key = self
+            .stream_key()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                panic!(
+                    "should always have a stream key in the stream plan but not, sub plan: {}",
+                    PlanRef::from(self.clone()).explain_to_string()
+                )
+            })
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| *x as u32)
+            .collect_vec();
 
         // The required columns from the table (both scan and upstream).
         let upstream_column_ids = match self.chain_type {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
index f9be4149ea06b..a99dc920dbbaa 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct StreamTopN {
 }
 
 impl StreamTopN {
-    fn new_inner(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>) -> Self {
+    fn new_inner(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, stream_key: Option<Option<Vec<usize>>>) -> Self {
         assert!(logical.group_key.is_empty());
         assert!(logical.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
         let input = &logical.input;
@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ impl StreamTopN {
         Self::new_inner(logical, None)
     }
 
-    pub fn with_stream_key(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, stream_key: Vec<usize>) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_stream_key(
+        logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
+        stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self::new_inner(logical, Some(stream_key))
     }
 
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamTopN {
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
         logical.input = input;
-        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(self.stream_key().to_vec()))
+        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(self.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec())))
     }
 }
 
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamTopN {
                     .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                         input.schema(),
                         input.ctx(),
-                        input.stream_key(),
+                        input.expect_stream_key(),
                         None,
                     )
                     .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
index 1f764ba37c305..fb0b844411f63 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamValues {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             ctx,
             logical.schema().clone(),
-            logical.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            logical.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             logical.functional_dependency().clone(),
             Distribution::Single,
             true,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
index 2897d67ec5dea..ed5a946603ee4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl StreamWatermarkFilter {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
             input.ctx(),
             input.schema().clone(),
-            input.stream_key().to_vec(),
+            input.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
             input.functional_dependency().clone(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
index e32385be59d7b..71b7b17d9ab4e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
@@ -36,11 +36,14 @@ impl CardinalityVisitor {
         input_card: Cardinality,
         eq_set: HashSet<usize>,
     ) -> Cardinality {
-        let mut unique_keys: Vec<HashSet<_>> = vec![input.stream_key().iter().copied().collect()];
-
+        let mut unique_keys: Vec<HashSet<_>> = if let Some(stream_key) = input.stream_key() {
+            vec![stream_key.iter().copied().collect()]
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        };
         // We don't have UNIQUE key now. So we hack here to support some complex queries on
         // system tables.
-        // TODO(card): remove this after we have UNIQUE key.
+        // TODO(card): remove this after we have UNIQUE key. https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12514
         if let Some(scan) = input.as_logical_scan()
             && scan.is_sys_table()
             && scan.table_name() == PG_NAMESPACE_TABLE_NAME
@@ -55,7 +58,6 @@ impl CardinalityVisitor {
 
         if unique_keys
             .iter()
-            .filter(|unique_key| !unique_key.is_empty())
             .any(|unique_key| eq_set.is_superset(unique_key))
         {
             input_card.min(0..=1)

From fb12bbaee99a91cb10f568874431d1825c3158e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 21:57:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 285/430] fix(meta): fix drop source cascade (#12731)

---
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index c65efc1726825..3ad5df55a997c 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -323,20 +323,25 @@ impl DdlController {
         drop_mode: DropMode,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         // 1. Drop source in catalog.
-        let version = self
+        let (version, streaming_job_ids) = self
             .catalog_manager
             .drop_relation(
                 RelationIdEnum::Source(source_id),
                 self.fragment_manager.clone(),
                 drop_mode,
             )
-            .await?
-            .0;
+            .await?;
+
         // 2. Unregister source connector worker.
         self.source_manager
             .unregister_sources(vec![source_id])
             .await;
 
+        // 3. Drop streaming jobs if cascade
+        self.stream_manager
+            .drop_streaming_jobs(streaming_job_ids)
+            .await;
+
         Ok(version)
     }
 

From 88a8a3723493927836e7599b68ff9440044783f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinser <aimer@purejs.icu>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 22:17:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 286/430] feat: support cast function `date` (#12738)

---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/cast.slt.part   | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs |  6 ++++
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/functions/cast.slt.part

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/cast.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/cast.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a0c8b31eec83d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/cast.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+statement ok
+create table dt (a date, b varchar);
+
+statement ok
+insert into dt values (date('2020-01-23'), '1990-12-19');
+
+query TT
+select
+    date(b)
+from
+dt
+except
+select
+    cast(b as date)
+from dt
+except
+select
+    b::date
+from dt;
+----
+
+statement ok
+drop table dt;
+
+query T
+select date('2030-03-30');
+----
+2030-03-30
+
+query error
+select date('2000-13-03');
+
+query error
+select date('00-00-33');
+
+query error cannot cast type "integer" to "date" in Explicit context
+select date(1);
+
+query error unexpected arguments number
+select date();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 5f7b2e7dbb7cd..7bfac8e029ddf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -1162,6 +1162,12 @@ impl Binder {
                 ("pg_sleep_for", raw_call(ExprType::PgSleepFor)),
                 // TODO: implement pg_sleep_until
                 // ("pg_sleep_until", raw_call(ExprType::PgSleepUntil)),
+
+                // cast functions
+                // only functions required by the existing PostgreSQL tool are implemented
+                ("date", guard_by_len(1, raw(|_binder, inputs| {
+                    inputs[0].clone().cast_explicit(DataType::Date).map_err(Into::into)
+                }))),
             ]
             .into_iter()
             .collect()

From fb6691a333150c2d72ccbafb9548d1aad84a3814 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 22:31:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 287/430] fix(log-store): avoid truncate storage data written
 in the same epoch (#12698)

---
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs     | 21 +++--
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs     |  2 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs     | 78 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
index fc3a4b569f7da..49f8cd643e16d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct LogStoreBufferInner {
     stream_chunk_count: usize,
     max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
 
-    updated_truncation: Option<ReaderTruncationOffsetType>,
+    truncation_list: VecDeque<ReaderTruncationOffsetType>,
 
     next_chunk_id: ChunkId,
 }
@@ -244,8 +244,13 @@ impl LogStoreBufferSender {
         self.update_notify.notify_waiters();
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn pop_truncation(&self) -> Option<ReaderTruncationOffsetType> {
-        self.buffer.inner().updated_truncation.take()
+    pub(crate) fn pop_truncation(&self, curr_epoch: u64) -> Option<ReaderTruncationOffsetType> {
+        let mut inner = self.buffer.inner();
+        let mut ret = None;
+        while let Some((epoch, _)) = inner.truncation_list.front() && *epoch < curr_epoch {
+            ret = inner.truncation_list.pop_front();
+        }
+        ret
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn flush_all_unflushed(
@@ -370,8 +375,12 @@ impl LogStoreBufferReceiver {
                 }
             }
         }
-        if let Some(offset) = latest_offset {
-            inner.updated_truncation = Some(offset);
+        if let Some((epoch, seq_id)) = latest_offset {
+            if let Some((prev_epoch, ref mut prev_seq_id)) = inner.truncation_list.back_mut() && *prev_epoch == epoch {
+                *prev_seq_id = seq_id;
+            } else {
+                inner.truncation_list.push_back((epoch, seq_id));
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -384,7 +393,7 @@ pub(crate) fn new_log_store_buffer(
         consumed_queue: VecDeque::new(),
         stream_chunk_count: 0,
         max_stream_chunk_count,
-        updated_truncation: None,
+        truncation_list: VecDeque::new(),
         next_chunk_id: 0,
     });
     let update_notify = Arc::new(Notify::new());
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
index 3feb536f545d4..1e6e8681fcd77 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/writer.rs
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl<LS: LocalStateStore> LogWriter for KvLogStoreWriter<LS> {
             })?;
         flush_info.report(&self.metrics);
         let mut delete_range = Vec::with_capacity(self.serde.vnodes().count_ones());
-        if let Some(truncation_offset) = self.tx.pop_truncation() {
+        if let Some(truncation_offset) = self.tx.pop_truncation(epoch) {
             for vnode in self.serde.vnodes().iter_vnodes() {
                 let range_begin = Bytes::from(vnode.to_be_bytes().to_vec());
                 let range_end = self
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
index aa8c8725b3815..bceb45a8a2389 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/sink/basic.rs
@@ -291,3 +291,81 @@ async fn test_sink_decouple_basic() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_sink_decouple_blackhole() -> Result<()> {
+    let config_path = {
+        let mut file = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new().expect("failed to create temp config file");
+        file.write_all(include_bytes!("../../../../../config/ci-sim.toml"))
+            .expect("failed to write config file");
+        file.into_temp_path()
+    };
+
+    let mut cluster = Cluster::start(Configuration {
+        config_path: ConfigPath::Temp(config_path.into()),
+        frontend_nodes: 1,
+        compute_nodes: 3,
+        meta_nodes: 1,
+        compactor_nodes: 1,
+        compute_node_cores: 2,
+        etcd_timeout_rate: 0.0,
+        etcd_data_path: None,
+    })
+    .await?;
+
+    let source_parallelism = 12;
+    let mut txs = Vec::new();
+    let mut rxs = Vec::new();
+    for _ in 0..source_parallelism {
+        let (tx, rx): (_, UnboundedReceiver<StreamChunk>) = unbounded_channel();
+        txs.push(tx);
+        rxs.push(Some(rx));
+    }
+
+    let _source_guard = registry_test_source(BoxSource::new(
+        move |_, _| {
+            Ok((0..source_parallelism)
+                .map(|i: usize| TestSourceSplit {
+                    id: format!("{}", i).as_str().into(),
+                    properties: Default::default(),
+                    offset: "".to_string(),
+                })
+                .collect_vec())
+        },
+        move |_, splits, _, _, _| {
+            select_all(splits.into_iter().map(|split| {
+                let id: usize = split.id.parse().unwrap();
+                let rx = rxs[id].take().unwrap();
+                UnboundedReceiverStream::new(rx).map(|chunk| Ok(StreamChunkWithState::from(chunk)))
+            }))
+            .boxed()
+        },
+    ));
+
+    let mut session = cluster.start_session();
+
+    session.run("set streaming_parallelism = 6").await?;
+    session.run("set sink_decouple = true").await?;
+    session
+        .run("create table test_table (id int primary key, name varchar) with (connector = 'test') FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON")
+        .await?;
+    session
+        .run("create sink test_sink from test_table with (connector = 'blackhole')")
+        .await?;
+
+    let mut count = 0;
+    let mut id_list = (0..100000).collect_vec();
+    id_list.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+    let flush_freq = 50;
+    for id in &id_list[0..10000] {
+        let chunk = build_stream_chunk(once((*id as i32, format!("name-{}", id))));
+        txs[id % source_parallelism].send(chunk).unwrap();
+        count += 1;
+        if count % flush_freq == 0 {
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
+        }
+    }
+
+    session.run("drop sink test_sink").await?;
+    Ok(())
+}

From e5e17fa8ae4db46932b6a1f953ea060ee87c8ade Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 22:50:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 288/430] fix(backfill): no need initial snapshot read (#12740)

---
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 38 ++-----------------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index 7fc4cfa27e553..22b2ab3a3c006 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use either::Either;
 use futures::stream::select_with_strategy;
-use futures::{pin_mut, stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
+use futures::{pin_mut, stream, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
@@ -207,38 +207,6 @@ where
         let mut builder =
             DataChunkBuilder::new(self.upstream_table.schema().data_types(), self.chunk_size);
 
-        // If the snapshot is empty, we don't need to backfill.
-        // We cannot complete progress now, as we want to persist
-        // finished state to state store first.
-        // As such we will wait for next barrier.
-        let is_snapshot_empty: bool = {
-            if is_finished {
-                // It is finished, so just assign a value to avoid accessing storage table again.
-                false
-            } else {
-                let snapshot_is_empty = {
-                    let snapshot = Self::snapshot_read(
-                        &self.upstream_table,
-                        init_epoch,
-                        None,
-                        false,
-                        &mut builder,
-                    );
-                    pin_mut!(snapshot);
-                    snapshot.try_next().await?.unwrap().is_none()
-                };
-                let snapshot_buffer_is_empty = builder.is_empty();
-                builder.clear();
-                snapshot_is_empty && snapshot_buffer_is_empty
-            }
-        };
-
-        // | backfill_is_finished | snapshot_empty | need_to_backfill |
-        // | t                    | t/f            | f                |
-        // | f                    | t              | f                |
-        // | f                    | f              | t                |
-        let to_backfill = !is_finished && !is_snapshot_empty;
-
         // Use this buffer to construct state,
         // which will then be persisted.
         let mut current_state: Vec<Datum> = vec![None; state_len];
@@ -285,7 +253,7 @@ where
         // finished.
         //
         // Once the backfill loop ends, we forward the upstream directly to the downstream.
-        if to_backfill {
+        if !is_finished {
             let mut upstream_chunk_buffer: Vec<StreamChunk> = vec![];
             let mut pending_barrier: Option<Barrier> = None;
             'backfill_loop: loop {
@@ -539,7 +507,7 @@ where
                         // This is because we can't update state table in first epoch,
                         // since it expects to have been initialized in previous epoch
                         // (there's no epoch before the first epoch).
-                        if is_snapshot_empty {
+                        if current_pos.is_none() {
                             current_pos =
                                 Some(construct_initial_finished_state(pk_in_output_indices.len()))
                         }

From 9d439b7df499ceb2747abd528e7f3f316bc50e69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 23:24:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 289/430] fix(log-store): ensure cancellation safety for log
 reader next_item call (#12725)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs           |   2 +
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs     |  20 ++-
 .../common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs | 105 +++++++++---
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs     | 149 +++++++++++++-----
 .../log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs |   3 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |   3 +-
 6 files changed, 216 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
index 5102cc573ccb3..f7d99141139f5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/log_store.rs
@@ -133,6 +133,8 @@ pub trait LogReader: Send + Sized + 'static {
     fn init(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<()>> + Send + '_;
 
     /// Emit the next item.
+    ///
+    /// The implementation should ensure that the future is cancellation safe.
     fn next_item(
         &mut self,
     ) -> impl Future<Output = LogStoreResult<(u64, LogStoreReadItem)>> + Send + '_;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
index 49f8cd643e16d..ed1c495c81d75 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/buffer.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ struct LogStoreBufferInner {
     unconsumed_queue: VecDeque<(u64, LogStoreBufferItem)>,
     /// Items already read by log reader by not truncated. Newer item at the front
     consumed_queue: VecDeque<(u64, LogStoreBufferItem)>,
-    stream_chunk_count: usize,
-    max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+    row_count: usize,
+    max_row_count: usize,
 
     truncation_list: VecDeque<ReaderTruncationOffsetType>,
 
@@ -64,13 +64,16 @@ struct LogStoreBufferInner {
 
 impl LogStoreBufferInner {
     fn can_add_stream_chunk(&self) -> bool {
-        self.stream_chunk_count < self.max_stream_chunk_count
+        self.row_count < self.max_row_count
     }
 
     fn add_item(&mut self, epoch: u64, item: LogStoreBufferItem) {
         if let LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk { .. } = item {
             unreachable!("StreamChunk should call try_add_item")
         }
+        if let LogStoreBufferItem::Barrier { .. } = &item {
+            self.next_chunk_id = 0;
+        }
         self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((epoch, item));
     }
 
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ impl LogStoreBufferInner {
         } else {
             let chunk_id = self.next_chunk_id;
             self.next_chunk_id += 1;
-            self.stream_chunk_count += 1;
+            self.row_count += chunk.cardinality();
             self.unconsumed_queue.push_front((
                 epoch,
                 LogStoreBufferItem::StreamChunk {
@@ -326,6 +329,7 @@ impl LogStoreBufferReceiver {
                     chunk_id,
                     flushed,
                     end_seq_id,
+                    chunk,
                     ..
                 } => {
                     let chunk_offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
@@ -335,7 +339,7 @@ impl LogStoreBufferReceiver {
                     let flushed = *flushed;
                     let end_seq_id = *end_seq_id;
                     if chunk_offset <= offset {
-                        inner.stream_chunk_count -= 1;
+                        inner.row_count -= chunk.cardinality();
                         inner.consumed_queue.pop_back();
                         if flushed {
                             latest_offset = Some((epoch, Some(end_seq_id)));
@@ -386,13 +390,13 @@ impl LogStoreBufferReceiver {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn new_log_store_buffer(
-    max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+    max_row_count: usize,
 ) -> (LogStoreBufferSender, LogStoreBufferReceiver) {
     let buffer = SharedMutex::new(LogStoreBufferInner {
         unconsumed_queue: VecDeque::new(),
         consumed_queue: VecDeque::new(),
-        stream_chunk_count: 0,
-        max_stream_chunk_count,
+        row_count: 0,
+        max_row_count,
         truncation_list: VecDeque::new(),
         next_chunk_id: 0,
     });
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index 6b24d5d6228d1..3f30b3753b37c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreFactory<S: StateStore> {
 
     vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
 
-    max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+    max_row_count: usize,
 
     metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
 }
@@ -184,14 +184,14 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
         state_store: S,
         table_catalog: Table,
         vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
-        max_stream_chunk_count: usize,
+        max_row_count: usize,
         metrics: KvLogStoreMetrics,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             state_store,
             table_catalog,
             vnodes,
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             metrics,
         }
     }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogStoreFactory for KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
             })
             .await;
 
-        let (tx, rx) = new_log_store_buffer(self.max_stream_chunk_count);
+        let (tx, rx) = new_log_store_buffer(self.max_row_count);
 
         let reader = KvLogStoreReader::new(
             table_id,
@@ -236,7 +236,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogStoreFactory for KvLogStoreFactory<S> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::future::{poll_fn, Future};
+    use std::pin::pin;
     use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::task::Poll;
 
     use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
     use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
@@ -251,18 +254,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::test_utils::{
         calculate_vnode_bitmap, check_rows_eq, check_stream_chunk_eq,
-        gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks, gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table,
+        gen_multi_vnode_stream_chunks, gen_stream_chunk, gen_test_log_store_table, TEST_DATA_SIZE,
     };
     use crate::common::log_store_impl::kv_log_store::{KvLogStoreFactory, KvLogStoreMetrics};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_basic() {
         for count in 0..20 {
-            test_basic_inner(count).await
+            test_basic_inner(count * TEST_DATA_SIZE).await
         }
     }
 
-    async fn test_basic_inner(max_stream_chunk_count: usize) {
+    async fn test_basic_inner(max_row_count: usize) {
         let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
 
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
@@ -277,7 +280,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(Arc::new(bitmap)),
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -350,11 +353,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_recovery() {
         for count in 0..20 {
-            test_recovery_inner(count).await
+            test_recovery_inner(count * TEST_DATA_SIZE).await
         }
     }
 
-    async fn test_recovery_inner(max_stream_chunk_count: usize) {
+    async fn test_recovery_inner(max_row_count: usize) {
         let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
 
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
@@ -370,7 +373,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap.clone()),
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -456,7 +459,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap),
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -514,7 +517,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn test_truncate_inner(max_stream_chunk_count: usize) {
+    async fn test_truncate_inner(max_row_count: usize) {
         let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
 
         let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
@@ -538,7 +541,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap.clone()),
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -648,7 +651,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(bitmap),
-            max_stream_chunk_count,
+            max_row_count,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -739,14 +742,14 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(vnodes1),
-            10,
+            10 * TEST_DATA_SIZE,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let factory2 = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(vnodes2),
-            10,
+            10 * TEST_DATA_SIZE,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader1, mut writer1) = factory1.build().await;
@@ -865,7 +868,7 @@ mod tests {
             test_env.storage.clone(),
             table.clone(),
             Some(vnodes),
-            10,
+            10 * TEST_DATA_SIZE,
             KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
         );
         let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
@@ -903,4 +906,70 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_cancellation_safe() {
+        let test_env = prepare_hummock_test_env().await;
+
+        let table = gen_test_log_store_table();
+
+        test_env.register_table(table.clone()).await;
+
+        let stream_chunk1 = gen_stream_chunk(0);
+        let stream_chunk2 = gen_stream_chunk(10);
+        let bitmap = calculate_vnode_bitmap(stream_chunk1.rows().chain(stream_chunk2.rows()));
+
+        let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
+            test_env.storage.clone(),
+            table.clone(),
+            Some(Arc::new(bitmap)),
+            0,
+            KvLogStoreMetrics::for_test(),
+        );
+        let (mut reader, mut writer) = factory.build().await;
+
+        let epoch1 = test_env
+            .storage
+            .get_pinned_version()
+            .version()
+            .max_committed_epoch
+            + 1;
+        writer
+            .init(EpochPair::new_test_epoch(epoch1))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        writer.write_chunk(stream_chunk1.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        let epoch2 = epoch1 + 1;
+        writer.flush_current_epoch(epoch2, true).await.unwrap();
+
+        reader.init().await.unwrap();
+
+        {
+            let mut future = pin!(reader.next_item());
+            assert!(poll_fn(|cx| Poll::Ready(future.as_mut().poll(cx)))
+                .await
+                .is_pending());
+        }
+
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (
+                epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk {
+                    chunk: read_stream_chunk,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(check_stream_chunk_eq(&stream_chunk1, &read_stream_chunk));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+        match reader.next_item().await.unwrap() {
+            (epoch, LogStoreReadItem::Barrier { is_checkpoint }) => {
+                assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                assert!(is_checkpoint)
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
index 38069b5994e57..cb7fc402168d4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/reader.rs
@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::future::{try_join_all, BoxFuture};
 use futures::stream::select_all;
+use futures::FutureExt;
+use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::cache::CachePriority;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::log_store::{
-    LogReader, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset,
+    ChunkId, LogReader, LogStoreReadItem, LogStoreResult, TruncateOffset,
 };
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::TableKey;
 use risingwave_storage::hummock::CachePolicy;
@@ -54,6 +56,14 @@ pub struct KvLogStoreReader<S: StateStore> {
     /// `Some` means consuming historical log data
     state_store_stream: Option<Pin<Box<LogStoreItemMergeStream<S::IterStream>>>>,
 
+    /// Store the future that attempts to read a flushed stream chunk.
+    /// This is for cancellation safety. Since it is possible that the future of `next_item`
+    /// gets dropped after it takes an flushed item out from the buffer, but before it successfully
+    /// read the stream chunk out from the storage. Therefore we store the future so that it can continue
+    /// reading the stream chunk after the next `next_item` is called.
+    read_flushed_chunk_future:
+        Option<BoxFuture<'static, LogStoreResult<(ChunkId, StreamChunk, u64)>>>,
+
     latest_offset: TruncateOffset,
 
     truncate_offset: TruncateOffset,
@@ -74,6 +84,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             state_store,
             serde,
             rx,
+            read_flushed_chunk_future: None,
             first_write_epoch: None,
             state_store_stream: None,
             latest_offset: TruncateOffset::Barrier { epoch: 0 },
@@ -81,6 +92,20 @@ impl<S: StateStore> KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             metrics,
         }
     }
+
+    async fn may_continue_read_flushed_chunk(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> LogStoreResult<Option<(ChunkId, StreamChunk, u64)>> {
+        if let Some(future) = self.read_flushed_chunk_future.as_mut() {
+            let result = future.await;
+            self.read_flushed_chunk_future
+                .take()
+                .expect("future not None");
+            Ok(Some(result?))
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
@@ -146,6 +171,22 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
             }
         }
 
+        // It is possible that the future gets dropped after it pops a flushed
+        // item but before it reads a stream chunk. Therefore, we may continue
+        // driving the future to continue reading the stream chunk.
+        if let Some((chunk_id, chunk, item_epoch)) = self.may_continue_read_flushed_chunk().await? {
+            let offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
+                epoch: item_epoch,
+                chunk_id,
+            };
+            assert!(offset > self.latest_offset);
+            self.latest_offset = offset;
+            return Ok((
+                item_epoch,
+                LogStoreReadItem::StreamChunk { chunk, chunk_id },
+            ));
+        }
+
         // Now the historical state store has been consumed.
         let (item_epoch, item) = self.rx.next_item().await;
         self.latest_offset.check_next_item_epoch(item_epoch)?;
@@ -170,46 +211,78 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LogReader for KvLogStoreReader<S> {
                 end_seq_id,
                 chunk_id,
             } => {
-                let streams = try_join_all(vnode_bitmap.iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    let range_start =
-                        self.serde
-                            .serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(start_seq_id));
-                    let range_end =
-                        self.serde
-                            .serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(end_seq_id));
+                let read_flushed_chunk_future = {
+                    let serde = self.serde.clone();
                     let state_store = self.state_store.clone();
                     let table_id = self.table_id;
-                    // Use u64::MAX here because the epoch to consume may be below the safe
-                    // epoch
+                    let read_metrics = self.metrics.flushed_buffer_read_metrics.clone();
                     async move {
-                        Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(Box::pin(
-                            state_store
-                                .iter(
-                                    (Included(range_start), Included(range_end)),
-                                    u64::MAX,
-                                    ReadOptions {
-                                        prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
-                                        cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::Low),
-                                        table_id,
-                                        ..Default::default()
-                                    },
-                                )
-                                .await?,
-                        ))
+                        let streams = try_join_all(vnode_bitmap.iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
+                            let range_start =
+                                serde.serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(start_seq_id));
+                            let range_end =
+                                serde.serialize_log_store_pk(vnode, item_epoch, Some(end_seq_id));
+                            let state_store = &state_store;
+
+                            // Use u64::MAX here because the epoch to consume may be below the safe
+                            // epoch
+                            async move {
+                                Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(Box::pin(
+                                    state_store
+                                        .iter(
+                                            (Included(range_start), Included(range_end)),
+                                            u64::MAX,
+                                            ReadOptions {
+                                                prefetch_options:
+                                                    PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+                                                cache_policy: CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::Low),
+                                                table_id,
+                                                ..Default::default()
+                                            },
+                                        )
+                                        .await?,
+                                ))
+                            }
+                        }))
+                        .await?;
+                        let combined_stream = select_all(streams);
+
+                        let chunk = serde
+                            .deserialize_stream_chunk(
+                                combined_stream,
+                                start_seq_id,
+                                end_seq_id,
+                                item_epoch,
+                                &read_metrics,
+                            )
+                            .await?;
+
+                        Ok((chunk_id, chunk, item_epoch))
                     }
-                }))
-                .await?;
-                let combined_stream = select_all(streams);
-                let chunk = self
-                    .serde
-                    .deserialize_stream_chunk(
-                        combined_stream,
-                        start_seq_id,
-                        end_seq_id,
-                        item_epoch,
-                        &self.metrics.flushed_buffer_read_metrics,
-                    )
-                    .await?;
+                    .boxed()
+                };
+
+                // Store the future in case that in the subsequent pending await point,
+                // the future is cancelled, and we lose an flushed item.
+                assert!(self
+                    .read_flushed_chunk_future
+                    .replace(read_flushed_chunk_future)
+                    .is_none());
+
+                // for cancellation test
+                #[cfg(test)]
+                {
+                    use std::time::Duration;
+
+                    use tokio::time::sleep;
+                    sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+                }
+
+                let (_, chunk, _) = self
+                    .may_continue_read_flushed_chunk()
+                    .await?
+                    .expect("future just insert. unlikely to be none");
+
                 let offset = TruncateOffset::Chunk {
                     epoch: item_epoch,
                     chunk_id,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
index 829f52a8a9d6a..809b5b42129d2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/test_utils.rs
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbTable;
 use crate::common::table::test_utils::gen_prost_table_with_dist_key;
 
 pub(crate) const TEST_TABLE_ID: TableId = TableId { table_id: 233 };
+pub(crate) const TEST_DATA_SIZE: usize = 10;
 
 pub(crate) fn gen_test_data(base: i64) -> (Vec<Op>, Vec<OwnedRow>) {
-    gen_sized_test_data(base, 10)
+    gen_sized_test_data(base, TEST_DATA_SIZE)
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn gen_sized_test_data(base: i64, max_count: usize) -> (Vec<Op>, Vec<OwnedRow>) {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index e9c60c61b09e9..298a0642710cf 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -148,12 +148,13 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                     &sink_param,
                     connector,
                 );
+                // TODO: support setting max row count in config
                 dispatch_state_store!(params.env.state_store(), state_store, {
                     let factory = KvLogStoreFactory::new(
                         state_store,
                         node.table.as_ref().unwrap().clone(),
                         params.vnode_bitmap.clone().map(Arc::new),
-                        32,
+                        65536,
                         metrics,
                     );
 

From f5b750fcbc19c6fff6b83285be8afbc9cfb1602f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 23:29:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 290/430] feat(sink): support different default sink decouple
 for different sink (#12544)

---
 e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt            |  2 +-
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs          |  7 +-
 .../src/session_config/sink_decouple.rs       | 70 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               |  5 ++
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 | 10 ++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs       |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/drop_sink.rs         |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs    | 50 +++++++++++--
 src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs             |  2 -
 9 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/src/session_config/sink_decouple.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
index 9a6aeabb88ae3..405ca132ae0a9 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/append_only_sink.slt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ create sink invalid_sink_type from t with (connector = 'blackhole', type = 'inva
 statement error `force_append_only` must be true or false
 create sink invalid_force_append_only from t with (connector = 'blackhole', force_append_only = 'invalid');
 
-statement error db error: ERROR: QueryError: internal error: Sink error: config error: unsupported sink connector invalid
+statement error db error: ERROR: QueryError: Sink error: config error: unsupported sink type invalid
 create sink invalid_connector from t with (connector = 'invalid');
 
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index 90ac1a31bc6f7..a4f3729f3367b 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 mod over_window;
 mod query_mode;
 mod search_path;
+pub mod sink_decouple;
 mod transaction_isolation_level;
 mod visibility_mode;
 
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ pub use search_path::{SearchPath, USER_NAME_WILD_CARD};
 use tracing::info;
 
 use crate::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
+use crate::session_config::sink_decouple::SinkDecouple;
 use crate::session_config::transaction_isolation_level::IsolationLevel;
 pub use crate::session_config::visibility_mode::VisibilityMode;
 use crate::util::epoch::Epoch;
@@ -335,7 +337,6 @@ type ServerVersionNum = ConfigI32<SERVER_VERSION_NUM, 90_500>;
 type ForceSplitDistinctAgg = ConfigBool<FORCE_SPLIT_DISTINCT_AGG, false>;
 type ClientMinMessages = ConfigString<CLIENT_MIN_MESSAGES>;
 type ClientEncoding = ConfigString<CLIENT_ENCODING>;
-type SinkDecouple = ConfigBool<SINK_DECOUPLE, false>;
 type SynchronizeSeqscans = ConfigBool<SYNCHRONIZE_SEQSCANS, false>;
 type StatementTimeout = ConfigI32<STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, 0>;
 type LockTimeout = ConfigI32<LOCK_TIMEOUT, 0>;
@@ -1026,8 +1027,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
         &self.client_encoding
     }
 
-    pub fn get_sink_decouple(&self) -> bool {
-        self.sink_decouple.0
+    pub fn get_sink_decouple(&self) -> SinkDecouple {
+        self.sink_decouple
     }
 
     pub fn get_standard_conforming_strings(&self) -> &str {
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/sink_decouple.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/sink_decouple.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7a3c1925ebd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/sink_decouple.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use crate::error::ErrorCode::InvalidConfigValue;
+use crate::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
+use crate::session_config::{ConfigEntry, CONFIG_KEYS, SINK_DECOUPLE};
+
+#[derive(Copy, Default, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SinkDecouple {
+    // default sink couple config of specific sink
+    #[default]
+    Default,
+    // enable sink decouple
+    Enable,
+    // disable sink decouple
+    Disable,
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a [&'a str]> for SinkDecouple {
+    type Error = RwError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &'a [&'a str]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if value.len() != 1 {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
+                "SET {} takes only one argument",
+                Self::entry_name()
+            ))
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let s = value[0];
+        match s.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "true" | "enable" => Ok(Self::Enable),
+            "false" | "disable" => Ok(Self::Disable),
+            "default" => Ok(Self::Default),
+            _ => Err(InvalidConfigValue {
+                config_entry: Self::entry_name().to_string(),
+                config_value: s.to_string(),
+            }
+            .into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConfigEntry for SinkDecouple {
+    fn entry_name() -> &'static str {
+        CONFIG_KEYS[SINK_DECOUPLE]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToString for SinkDecouple {
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Default => "default".to_string(),
+            Self::Enable => "enable".to_string(),
+            Self::Disable => "disable".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 5bab8b5afc628..7e3143e312d42 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use strum_macros::{Display, EnumString};
 use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::{Sink, SinkError, SinkParam};
 use crate::common::KafkaCommon;
+use crate::sink::catalog::desc::SinkDesc;
 use crate::sink::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use crate::sink::log_store::{
     DeliveryFutureManager, DeliveryFutureManagerAddFuture, LogReader, LogStoreReadItem,
@@ -294,6 +295,10 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KAFKA_SINK;
 
+    fn default_sink_decouple(desc: &SinkDesc) -> bool {
+        desc.sink_type.is_append_only()
+    }
+
     async fn new_log_sinker(&self, _writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
         let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
             &self.format_desc,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 239ffdabc8ee2..7825c0919d5d1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 pub use tracing;
 
 use self::catalog::{SinkFormatDesc, SinkType};
+use crate::sink::catalog::desc::SinkDesc;
 use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkCatalog, SinkId};
 use crate::sink::log_store::LogReader;
 use crate::sink::writer::SinkWriter;
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_sink {
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! match_sink_name_str {
-    ({$({$variant_name:ident, $sink_type:ty}),*}, $name_str:tt, $type_name:ident, $body:tt, $on_other_closure:tt) => {
+    ({$({$variant_name:ident, $sink_type:ty}),*}, $name_str:tt, $type_name:ident, $body:tt, $on_other_closure:tt) => {{
+        use $crate::sink::Sink;
         match $name_str {
             $(
                 <$sink_type>::SINK_NAME => {
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ macro_rules! match_sink_name_str {
             )*
             other => ($on_other_closure)(other),
         }
-    };
+    }};
     ($name_str:expr, $type_name:ident, $body:expr, $on_other_closure:expr) => {{
         $crate::for_all_sinks! {$crate::match_sink_name_str, {$name_str}, $type_name, {$body}, {$on_other_closure}}
     }};
@@ -263,6 +265,10 @@ pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
     type LogSinker: LogSinker;
     type Coordinator: SinkCommitCoordinator;
 
+    fn default_sink_decouple(_desc: &SinkDesc) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()>;
     async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker>;
     #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
index 74a3cfdcac572..80335d278c8d4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         frontend.run_sql(sql).await.unwrap();
 
         let sql = r#"CREATE SINK snk1 FROM mv1
-                    WITH (connector = 'mysql', mysql.endpoint = '127.0.0.1:3306', mysql.table =
+                    WITH (connector = 'jdbc', mysql.endpoint = '127.0.0.1:3306', mysql.table =
                         '<table_name>', mysql.database = '<database_name>', mysql.user = '<user_name>',
                         mysql.password = '<password>', type = 'append-only', force_append_only = 'true');"#.to_string();
         frontend.run_sql(sql).await.unwrap();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/drop_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/drop_sink.rs
index 698791dceed6b..6b1a864e03964 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/drop_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/drop_sink.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_drop_sink_handler() {
         let sql_create_table = "create table t (v1 smallint primary key);";
         let sql_create_mv = "create materialized view mv as select v1 from t;";
-        let sql_create_sink = "create sink snk from mv with( connector = 'mysql')";
+        let sql_create_sink = "create sink snk from mv with( connector = 'kafka')";
         let sql_drop_sink = "drop sink snk;";
         let frontend = LocalFrontend::new(Default::default()).await;
         frontend.run_sql(sql_create_table).await.unwrap();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
index c54ca367bb517..a51380d630331 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
@@ -23,12 +24,14 @@ use risingwave_common::constants::log_store::{
     EPOCH_COLUMN_INDEX, KV_LOG_STORE_PREDEFINED_COLUMNS, SEQ_ID_COLUMN_INDEX,
 };
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
+use risingwave_common::session_config::sink_decouple::SinkDecouple;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
+use risingwave_connector::match_sink_name_str;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::desc::SinkDesc;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc, SinkId, SinkType};
 use risingwave_connector::sink::{
-    SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
-    SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION,
+    SinkError, CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_DEBEZIUM, SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+    SINK_TYPE_UPSERT, SINK_USER_FORCE_APPEND_ONLY_OPTION,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use tracing::info;
@@ -94,6 +97,24 @@ impl StreamSink {
             format_desc,
         )?;
 
+        // check and ensure that the sink connector is specified and supported
+        match sink.properties.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY) {
+            Some(connector) => match_sink_name_str!(
+                connector.to_lowercase().as_str(),
+                SinkType,
+                Ok(()),
+                |other| Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "unsupported sink type {}",
+                    other
+                )))
+            )?,
+            None => {
+                return Err(
+                    SinkError::Config(anyhow!("connector not specified when create sink")).into(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
         Ok(Self::new(input, sink))
     }
 
@@ -388,10 +409,27 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSink {
         PbNodeBody::Sink(SinkNode {
             sink_desc: Some(self.sink_desc.to_proto()),
             table: Some(table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-            log_store_type: if self.base.ctx.session_ctx().config().get_sink_decouple() {
-                SinkLogStoreType::KvLogStore as i32
-            } else {
-                SinkLogStoreType::InMemoryLogStore as i32
+            log_store_type: match self.base.ctx.session_ctx().config().get_sink_decouple() {
+                SinkDecouple::Default => {
+                    let enable_sink_decouple =
+                        match_sink_name_str!(
+                        self.sink_desc.properties.get(CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY).expect(
+                            "have checked connector is contained when create the `StreamSink`"
+                        ).to_lowercase().as_str(),
+                        SinkTypeName,
+                        SinkTypeName::default_sink_decouple(&self.sink_desc),
+                        |_unsupported| unreachable!(
+                            "have checked connector is supported when create the `StreamSink`"
+                        )
+                    );
+                    if enable_sink_decouple {
+                        SinkLogStoreType::KvLogStore as i32
+                    } else {
+                        SinkLogStoreType::InMemoryLogStore as i32
+                    }
+                }
+                SinkDecouple::Enable => SinkLogStoreType::KvLogStore as i32,
+                SinkDecouple::Disable => SinkLogStoreType::InMemoryLogStore as i32,
             },
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
index 298a0642710cf..47f21c0a223cf 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/sink.rs
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SinkExecutorBuilder {
                 SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing config: {}", CONNECTOR_TYPE_KEY))
             })?;
 
-            use risingwave_connector::sink::Sink;
-
             match_sink_name_str!(
                 sink_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
                 SinkType,

From c952f32a0e687c791b41935d7ad94cc11403cd77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:39:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 291/430] refactor(expr): support `any` type in function
 signatures (#12262)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part   |  30 +-
 src/common/src/array/list_array.rs            |   6 +
 src/common/src/types/mod.rs                   |  22 +
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs            |  32 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs               |  28 +-
 src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs                  | 122 ------
 src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs                 | 117 -----
 src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs                  | 406 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs       | 118 -----
 src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs       |  27 +-
 .../core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs     |  18 +-
 src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs                 |  60 +--
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs      |   8 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs      |   1 -
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs           |   2 +-
 .../impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs     |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs     |   1 -
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs             |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs      |  53 +--
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs      |  20 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs    |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs      |  14 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs     |  44 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs   |  54 ++-
 .../impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs     |  10 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs      |  24 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs     |  48 +--
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs        |  10 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs         | 100 ++---
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs   |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs       |   4 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs              |   8 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs               |  16 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs   |  48 +--
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs        |   2 +-
 .../src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs |   4 +-
 .../impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs    |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs                    | 105 ++---
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     | 147 +++++--
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  10 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/types.rs                   |  67 ++-
 .../tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml   |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs             |  21 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs        |   9 -
 src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs                  |  13 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/table_function.rs       |  21 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/cast.rs  |   8 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs  | 320 +++++---------
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/mod.rs   |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |  15 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs         |  18 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/expr.rs        |  27 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs   |  12 +-
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs       | 152 +++----
 55 files changed, 1090 insertions(+), 1333 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
index 7fc81e2105b99..11c126ef6a0d1 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/array_sum.slt.part
@@ -3,44 +3,44 @@ select array_sum(array[1, 2, 3]);
 ----
 6
 
-# Testing for int16 with positive numbers
+# Testing for SMALLINT with positive numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[10, 20, 30]);
+select array_sum(array[10, 20, 30]::smallint[]);
 ----
 60
 
-# Testing for int16 with a mix of positive and negative numbers
+# Testing for SMALLINT with a mix of positive and negative numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[-10, 20, -30]);
+select array_sum(array[-10, 20, -30]::smallint[]);
 ----
 -20
 
-# Testing for int16 with all zeros
+# Testing for SMALLINT with all zeros
 query I
-select array_sum(array[0, 0, 0]);
+select array_sum(array[0, 0, 0]::smallint[]);
 ----
 0
 
-# Testing for int32 with larger positive numbers
+# Testing for INT with larger positive numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[1000, 2000, 3000]);
+select array_sum(array[1000, 2000, 3000]::int[]);
 ----
 6000
 
-# Testing for int32 with a mix of larger positive and negative numbers
+# Testing for INT with a mix of larger positive and negative numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[-1000, 2000, -3000]);
+select array_sum(array[-1000, 2000, -3000]::int[]);
 ----
 -2000
 
-# Testing for int64 with much larger numbers
+# Testing for BIGINT with much larger numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[1000000000, 2000000000, 3000000000]);
+select array_sum(array[1000000000, 2000000000, 3000000000]::bigint[]);
 ----
 6000000000
 
-# Testing for int64 with a mix of much larger positive and negative numbers
+# Testing for BIGINT with a mix of much larger positive and negative numbers
 query I
-select array_sum(array[-1000000000, 2000000000, -3000000000]);
+select array_sum(array[-1000000000, 2000000000, -3000000000]::bigint[]);
 ----
--2000000000
\ No newline at end of file
+-2000000000
diff --git a/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs b/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
index 2c4a8cf042548..6445ac8a156d3 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
@@ -606,6 +606,12 @@ impl ToText for ListRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> From<&'a ListValue> for ListRef<'a> {
+    fn from(val: &'a ListValue) -> Self {
+        ListRef::ValueRef { val }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use more_asserts::{assert_gt, assert_lt};
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index 06b3f3d0bfa49..83d281c5238e6 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -352,6 +352,14 @@ impl DataType {
         DataTypeName::from(self).is_scalar()
     }
 
+    pub fn is_array(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, DataType::List(_))
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_struct(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, DataType::Struct(_))
+    }
+
     pub fn is_int(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, DataType::Int16 | DataType::Int32 | DataType::Int64)
     }
@@ -950,7 +958,21 @@ impl ScalarImpl {
         };
         Ok(res)
     }
+}
+
+impl From<ScalarRefImpl<'_>> for ScalarImpl {
+    fn from(scalar_ref: ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Self {
+        scalar_ref.into_scalar_impl()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a ScalarImpl> for ScalarRefImpl<'a> {
+    fn from(scalar: &'a ScalarImpl) -> Self {
+        scalar.as_scalar_ref_impl()
+    }
+}
 
+impl ScalarImpl {
     /// A lite version of casting from string to target type. Used by frontend to handle types that have
     /// to be created by casting.
     ///
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
index d9276f264dfd6..74e3afdb0904c 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/mod.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::ops::Range;
 
 use downcast_rs::{impl_downcast, Downcast};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, Datum};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 
-use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 // aggregate definition
@@ -136,25 +136,21 @@ pub fn build_retractable(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
 /// NOTE: This function ignores argument indices, `column_orders`, `filter` and `distinct` in
 /// `AggCall`. Such operations should be done in batch or streaming executors.
 pub fn build(agg: &AggCall, append_only: bool) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
-    let args = (agg.args.arg_types().iter())
-        .map(|t| t.into())
-        .collect::<Vec<DataTypeName>>();
-    let ret_type = (&agg.return_type).into();
-    let desc = crate::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP
-        .get(agg.kind, &args, ret_type, append_only)
+    let desc = crate::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .get_aggregate(
+            agg.kind,
+            agg.args.arg_types(),
+            &agg.return_type,
+            append_only,
+        )
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(format!(
-                "{:?}",
-                FuncSigDebug {
-                    func: agg.kind,
-                    inputs_type: &args,
-                    ret_type,
-                    set_returning: false,
-                    deprecated: false,
-                    append_only,
-                }
+                "{}({}) -> {}",
+                agg.kind.to_protobuf().as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase(),
+                agg.args.arg_types().iter().format(", "),
+                agg.return_type,
             ))
         })?;
 
-    (desc.build)(agg)
+    desc.build_aggregate(agg)
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
index f6f08689aa5f2..1ea03bd36f42a 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
 use super::wrapper::{Checked, EvalErrorReport, NonStrict};
 use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
-use crate::sig::func::FUNC_SIG_MAP;
-use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
+use crate::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Build an expression from protobuf.
@@ -195,27 +194,18 @@ pub fn build_func(
         return Ok(ArrayTransformExpression { array, lambda }.boxed());
     }
 
-    let args = children
-        .iter()
-        .map(|c| c.return_type().into())
-        .collect_vec();
-    let desc = FUNC_SIG_MAP
-        .get(func, &args, (&ret_type).into())
+    let args = children.iter().map(|c| c.return_type()).collect_vec();
+    let desc = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .get(func, &args, &ret_type)
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(format!(
-                "{:?}",
-                FuncSigDebug {
-                    func: func.as_str_name(),
-                    inputs_type: &args,
-                    ret_type: (&ret_type).into(),
-                    set_returning: false,
-                    deprecated: false,
-                    append_only: false,
-                }
+                "{}({}) -> {}",
+                func.as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase(),
+                args.iter().format(", "),
+                ret_type,
             ))
         })?;
-
-    (desc.build)(ret_type, children)
+    desc.build_scalar(ret_type, children)
 }
 
 /// Build an expression in `FuncCall` variant in non-strict mode.
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 2df599c61464d..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/core/src/sig/agg.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-
-use risingwave_common::types::DataTypeName;
-
-use super::FuncSigDebug;
-use crate::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind, BoxedAggregateFunction};
-use crate::Result;
-
-pub static AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<AggFuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
-    let mut map = AggFuncSigMap::default();
-    tracing::info!("{} aggregations loaded.", AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.len());
-    for desc in AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.drain(..) {
-        map.insert(desc);
-    }
-    map
-});
-
-// Same as FuncSign in func.rs except this is for aggregate function
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
-pub struct AggFuncSig {
-    pub func: AggKind,
-    pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
-    pub state_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub build: fn(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction>,
-    pub append_only: bool,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for AggFuncSig {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        FuncSigDebug {
-            func: self.func,
-            inputs_type: self.inputs_type,
-            ret_type: self.ret_type,
-            set_returning: false,
-            deprecated: false,
-            append_only: self.append_only,
-        }
-        .fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-// Same as FuncSigMap in func.rs except this is for aggregate function
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct AggFuncSigMap(HashMap<(AggKind, usize), Vec<AggFuncSig>>);
-
-impl AggFuncSigMap {
-    /// Inserts a function signature into the map.
-    fn insert(&mut self, sig: AggFuncSig) {
-        let arity = sig.inputs_type.len();
-        self.0.entry((sig.func, arity)).or_default().push(sig);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a function signature with the given type, argument types, return type.
-    ///
-    /// The `append_only` flag only works when both append-only and retractable version exist.
-    /// Otherwise, return the signature of the only version.
-    pub fn get(
-        &self,
-        ty: AggKind,
-        args: &[DataTypeName],
-        ret: DataTypeName,
-        append_only: bool,
-    ) -> Option<&AggFuncSig> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&(ty, args.len()))?;
-        let mut iter = v
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|d| d.inputs_type == args && d.ret_type == ret);
-        if iter.clone().count() == 2 {
-            iter.find(|d| d.append_only == append_only)
-        } else {
-            iter.next()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the return type for the given function and arguments.
-    pub fn get_return_type(&self, ty: AggKind, args: &[DataTypeName]) -> Option<DataTypeName> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&(ty, args.len()))?;
-        v.iter().find(|d| d.inputs_type == args).map(|d| d.ret_type)
-    }
-}
-
-/// The table of function signatures.
-pub fn agg_func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static AggFuncSig> {
-    AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP.0.values().flatten()
-}
-
-/// Register a function into global registry.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This function must be called sequentially.
-///
-/// It is designed to be used by `#[aggregate]` macro.
-/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub unsafe fn _register(desc: AggFuncSig) {
-    AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.push(desc);
-}
-
-/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
-///
-/// `#[aggregate]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
-/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
-/// `AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP` on the first access of `AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP`.
-static mut AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT: Vec<AggFuncSig> = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f6557686c8ca9..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/core/src/sig/func.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Function signatures.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
-
-use super::FuncSigDebug;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
-
-pub static FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<FuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
-    let mut map = FuncSigMap::default();
-    tracing::info!("{} function signatures loaded.", FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.len());
-    for desc in FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.drain(..) {
-        map.insert(desc);
-    }
-    map
-});
-
-/// The table of function signatures.
-pub fn func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static FuncSign> {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP.0.values().flatten()
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<PbType, Vec<FuncSign>>);
-
-impl FuncSigMap {
-    /// Inserts a function signature.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, desc: FuncSign) {
-        self.0.entry(desc.func).or_default().push(desc)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a function signature with the same type, argument types and return type.
-    /// Deprecated functions are included.
-    pub fn get(&self, ty: PbType, args: &[DataTypeName], ret: DataTypeName) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&ty)?;
-        v.iter()
-            .find(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type == args) && d.ret_type == ret)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
-    /// Deprecated functions are excluded.
-    pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, ty: PbType, nargs: usize) -> Vec<&FuncSign> {
-        match self.0.get(&ty) {
-            Some(v) => v
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|d| (d.variadic || d.inputs_type.len() == nargs) && !d.deprecated)
-                .collect(),
-            None => vec![],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A function signature.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FuncSign {
-    pub func: PbType,
-    pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
-    pub variadic: bool,
-    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub build: fn(return_type: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
-    /// Whether the function is deprecated and should not be used in the frontend.
-    /// For backward compatibility, it is still available in the backend.
-    pub deprecated: bool,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        FuncSigDebug {
-            func: self.func.as_str_name(),
-            inputs_type: self.inputs_type,
-            ret_type: self.ret_type,
-            set_returning: false,
-            deprecated: self.deprecated,
-            append_only: false,
-        }
-        .fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Register a function into global registry.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This function must be called sequentially.
-///
-/// It is designed to be used by `#[function]` macro.
-/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub unsafe fn _register(desc: FuncSign) {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.push(desc)
-}
-
-/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
-///
-/// `#[function]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
-/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
-/// `FUNC_SIG_MAP` on the first access of `FUNC_SIG_MAP`.
-static mut FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT: Vec<FuncSign> = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs
index 052b31ad060bc..c2e71b585d49c 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/sig/mod.rs
@@ -14,36 +14,174 @@
 
 //! Metadata of expressions.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::types::DataTypeName;
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType as ScalarFunctionType;
+use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType as TableFunctionType;
+
+use crate::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind as AggregateFunctionType, BoxedAggregateFunction};
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use crate::table_function::BoxedTableFunction;
+use crate::ExprError;
 
-pub mod agg;
 pub mod cast;
-pub mod func;
-pub mod table_function;
-
-/// Utility struct for debug printing of function signature.
-pub(crate) struct FuncSigDebug<'a, T> {
-    pub func: T,
-    pub inputs_type: &'a [DataTypeName],
-    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub set_returning: bool,
+
+/// The global registry of all function signatures.
+pub static FUNCTION_REGISTRY: LazyLock<FunctionRegistry> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
+    // SAFETY: this function is called after all `#[ctor]` functions are called.
+    let mut map = FunctionRegistry::default();
+    tracing::info!("found {} functions", FUNCTION_REGISTRY_INIT.len());
+    for sig in FUNCTION_REGISTRY_INIT.drain(..) {
+        map.insert(sig);
+    }
+    map
+});
+
+/// A set of function signatures.
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct FunctionRegistry(HashMap<FuncName, Vec<FuncSign>>);
+
+impl FunctionRegistry {
+    /// Inserts a function signature.
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, sig: FuncSign) {
+        self.0.entry(sig.name).or_default().push(sig)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a function signature with the same type, argument types and return type.
+    /// Deprecated functions are included.
+    pub fn get(
+        &self,
+        name: impl Into<FuncName>,
+        args: &[DataType],
+        ret: &DataType,
+    ) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
+        let v = self.0.get(&name.into())?;
+        v.iter().find(|d| d.match_args_ret(args, ret))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
+    /// Deprecated functions are excluded.
+    pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, name: impl Into<FuncName>, nargs: usize) -> Vec<&FuncSign> {
+        match self.0.get(&name.into()) {
+            Some(v) => v
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|d| d.match_number_of_args(nargs) && !d.deprecated)
+                .collect(),
+            None => vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a function signature with the given type, argument types, return type.
+    ///
+    /// The `prefer_append_only` flag only works when both append-only and retractable version exist.
+    /// Otherwise, return the signature of the only version.
+    pub fn get_aggregate(
+        &self,
+        ty: AggregateFunctionType,
+        args: &[DataType],
+        ret: &DataType,
+        prefer_append_only: bool,
+    ) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
+        let v = self.0.get(&ty.into())?;
+        let mut iter = v.iter().filter(|d| d.match_args_ret(args, ret));
+        if iter.clone().count() == 2 {
+            iter.find(|d| d.append_only == prefer_append_only)
+        } else {
+            iter.next()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the return type for the given function and arguments.
+    pub fn get_return_type(
+        &self,
+        name: impl Into<FuncName>,
+        args: &[DataType],
+    ) -> Result<DataType> {
+        let name = name.into();
+        let v = self
+            .0
+            .get(&name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(name.to_string()))?;
+        let sig = v
+            .iter()
+            .find(|d| d.match_args(args))
+            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(name.to_string()))?;
+        (sig.type_infer)(args)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator of all function signatures.
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &FuncSign> {
+        self.0.values().flatten()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator of all scalar functions.
+    pub fn iter_scalars(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &FuncSign> {
+        self.iter().filter(|d| d.is_scalar())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator of all aggregate functions.
+    pub fn iter_aggregates(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &FuncSign> {
+        self.iter().filter(|d| d.is_aggregate())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A function signature.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct FuncSign {
+    /// The name of the function.
+    pub name: FuncName,
+
+    /// The argument types.
+    pub inputs_type: Vec<SigDataType>,
+
+    /// Whether the function is variadic.
+    pub variadic: bool,
+
+    /// The return type.
+    pub ret_type: SigDataType,
+
+    /// A function to build the expression.
+    pub build: FuncBuilder,
+
+    /// A function to infer the return type from argument types.
+    pub type_infer: fn(args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType>,
+
+    /// Whether the function is deprecated and should not be used in the frontend.
+    /// For backward compatibility, it is still available in the backend.
     pub deprecated: bool,
+
+    /// The state type of the aggregate function.
+    /// `None` means equal to the return type.
+    pub state_type: Option<DataType>,
+
+    /// Whether the aggregate function is append-only.
     pub append_only: bool,
 }
 
-impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> std::fmt::Debug for FuncSigDebug<'a, T> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let s = format!(
-            "{}({:?}) -> {}{:?}",
-            self.func,
+impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}({}{}) -> {}{}",
+            self.name.as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase(),
             self.inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
-            if self.set_returning { "setof " } else { "" },
+            if self.variadic {
+                if self.inputs_type.is_empty() {
+                    "..."
+                } else {
+                    ", ..."
+                }
+            } else {
+                ""
+            },
+            if self.name.is_table() { "setof " } else { "" },
             self.ret_type,
-        )
-        .to_ascii_lowercase();
-
-        f.write_str(&s)?;
+        )?;
         if self.append_only {
             write!(f, " [append-only]")?;
         }
@@ -53,3 +191,229 @@ impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> std::fmt::Debug for FuncSigDebug<'a, T> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+impl FuncSign {
+    /// Returns true if the argument types match the function signature.
+    pub fn match_args(&self, args: &[DataType]) -> bool {
+        if !self.match_number_of_args(args.len()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // allow `zip` as the length of `args` may be larger than `inputs_type`
+        #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+        self.inputs_type
+            .iter()
+            .zip(args.iter())
+            .all(|(matcher, arg)| matcher.matches(arg))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the argument types match the function signature.
+    fn match_args_ret(&self, args: &[DataType], ret: &DataType) -> bool {
+        self.match_args(args) && self.ret_type.matches(ret)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the number of arguments matches the function signature.
+    fn match_number_of_args(&self, n: usize) -> bool {
+        if self.variadic {
+            n >= self.inputs_type.len()
+        } else {
+            n == self.inputs_type.len()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the function is a scalar function.
+    pub const fn is_scalar(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.name, FuncName::Scalar(_))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the function is a table function.
+    pub const fn is_table_function(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.name, FuncName::Table(_))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the function is a aggregate function.
+    pub const fn is_aggregate(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.name, FuncName::Aggregate(_))
+    }
+
+    /// Builds the scalar function.
+    pub fn build_scalar(
+        &self,
+        return_type: DataType,
+        children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+        match self.build {
+            FuncBuilder::Scalar(f) => f(return_type, children),
+            _ => panic!("Expected a scalar function"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds the table function.
+    pub fn build_table(
+        &self,
+        return_type: DataType,
+        chunk_size: usize,
+        children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    ) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction> {
+        match self.build {
+            FuncBuilder::Table(f) => f(return_type, chunk_size, children),
+            _ => panic!("Expected a table function"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds the aggregate function.
+    pub fn build_aggregate(&self, agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
+        match self.build {
+            FuncBuilder::Aggregate(f) => f(agg),
+            _ => panic!("Expected an aggregate function"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum FuncName {
+    Scalar(ScalarFunctionType),
+    Table(TableFunctionType),
+    Aggregate(AggregateFunctionType),
+}
+
+impl From<ScalarFunctionType> for FuncName {
+    fn from(ty: ScalarFunctionType) -> Self {
+        Self::Scalar(ty)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<TableFunctionType> for FuncName {
+    fn from(ty: TableFunctionType) -> Self {
+        Self::Table(ty)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AggregateFunctionType> for FuncName {
+    fn from(ty: AggregateFunctionType) -> Self {
+        Self::Aggregate(ty)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for FuncName {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FuncName {
+    /// Returns the name of the function in `UPPER_CASE` style.
+    pub fn as_str_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Scalar(ty) => ty.as_str_name(),
+            Self::Table(ty) => ty.as_str_name(),
+            Self::Aggregate(ty) => ty.to_protobuf().as_str_name(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the function is a table function.
+    const fn is_table(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Table(_))
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_scalar(&self) -> ScalarFunctionType {
+        match self {
+            Self::Scalar(ty) => *ty,
+            _ => panic!("Expected a scalar function"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_aggregate(&self) -> AggregateFunctionType {
+        match self {
+            Self::Aggregate(ty) => *ty,
+            _ => panic!("Expected an aggregate function"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An extended data type that can be used to declare a function's argument or result type.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum SigDataType {
+    /// Exact data type
+    Exact(DataType),
+    /// Accepts any data type
+    Any,
+    /// Accepts any array data type
+    AnyArray,
+    /// Accepts any struct data type
+    AnyStruct,
+}
+
+impl From<DataType> for SigDataType {
+    fn from(dt: DataType) -> Self {
+        SigDataType::Exact(dt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for SigDataType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Exact(dt) => write!(f, "{}", dt),
+            Self::Any => write!(f, "any"),
+            Self::AnyArray => write!(f, "anyarray"),
+            Self::AnyStruct => write!(f, "anystruct"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SigDataType {
+    /// Returns true if the data type matches.
+    pub fn matches(&self, dt: &DataType) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Exact(ty) => ty == dt,
+            Self::Any => true,
+            Self::AnyArray => dt.is_array(),
+            Self::AnyStruct => dt.is_struct(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the exact data type.
+    pub fn as_exact(&self) -> &DataType {
+        match self {
+            Self::Exact(ty) => ty,
+            t => panic!("expected data type, but got: {t}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the data type is exact.
+    pub fn is_exact(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Exact(_))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum FuncBuilder {
+    Scalar(fn(return_type: DataType, children: Vec<BoxedExpression>) -> Result<BoxedExpression>),
+    Table(
+        fn(
+            return_type: DataType,
+            chunk_size: usize,
+            children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+        ) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction>,
+    ),
+    Aggregate(fn(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction>),
+}
+
+/// Register a function into global registry.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This function must be called sequentially.
+///
+/// It is designed to be used by `#[function]` macro.
+/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub unsafe fn _register(sig: FuncSign) {
+    FUNCTION_REGISTRY_INIT.push(sig)
+}
+
+/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
+///
+/// `#[function]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
+/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
+/// `FUNCTION_REGISTRY` on the first access of `FUNCTION_REGISTRY`.
+static mut FUNCTION_REGISTRY_INIT: Vec<FuncSign> = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs b/src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f4b2ac6de1e4b..0000000000000
--- a/src/expr/core/src/sig/table_function.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Function signatures.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::ops::Deref;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType;
-
-use super::FuncSigDebug;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::expr::BoxedExpression;
-use crate::table_function::BoxedTableFunction;
-
-pub static FUNC_SIG_MAP: LazyLock<FuncSigMap> = LazyLock::new(|| unsafe {
-    let mut map = FuncSigMap::default();
-    tracing::info!(
-        "{} table function signatures loaded.",
-        FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.len()
-    );
-    for desc in FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.drain(..) {
-        map.insert(desc);
-    }
-    map
-});
-
-/// The table of function signatures.
-pub fn func_sigs() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static FuncSign> {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP.0.values().flatten()
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct FuncSigMap(HashMap<(PbType, usize), Vec<FuncSign>>);
-
-impl FuncSigMap {
-    /// Inserts a function signature.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, desc: FuncSign) {
-        self.0
-            .entry((desc.func, desc.inputs_type.len()))
-            .or_default()
-            .push(desc)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a function signature with the same type and argument types.
-    pub fn get(&self, ty: PbType, args: &[DataTypeName]) -> Option<&FuncSign> {
-        let v = self.0.get(&(ty, args.len()))?;
-        v.iter().find(|d| d.inputs_type == args)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns all function signatures with the same type and number of arguments.
-    pub fn get_with_arg_nums(&self, ty: PbType, nargs: usize) -> &[FuncSign] {
-        self.0.get(&(ty, nargs)).map_or(&[], Deref::deref)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A function signature.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FuncSign {
-    pub func: PbType,
-    pub inputs_type: &'static [DataTypeName],
-    pub ret_type: DataTypeName,
-    pub build: fn(
-        return_type: DataType,
-        chunk_size: usize,
-        children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-    ) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction>,
-    /// A function to infer the return type from argument types.
-    pub type_infer: fn(args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType>,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for FuncSign {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        FuncSigDebug {
-            func: self.func.as_str_name(),
-            inputs_type: self.inputs_type,
-            ret_type: self.ret_type,
-            set_returning: true,
-            deprecated: false,
-            append_only: false,
-        }
-        .fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Register a function into global registry.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This function must be called sequentially.
-///
-/// It is designed to be used by `#[table_function]` macro.
-/// Users SHOULD NOT call this function.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub unsafe fn _register(desc: FuncSign) {
-    FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT.push(desc)
-}
-
-/// The global registry of function signatures on initialization.
-///
-/// `#[table_function]` macro will generate a `#[ctor]` function to register the signature into this
-/// vector. The calls are guaranteed to be sequential. The vector will be drained and moved into
-/// `FUNC_SIG_MAP` on the first access of `FUNC_SIG_MAP`.
-static mut FUNC_SIG_MAP_INIT: Vec<FuncSign> = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
index daba4e3c5c987..2a3028a72e3b5 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/table_function/mod.rs
@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@ use futures_util::stream::BoxStream;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayBuilder, ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk};
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, DatumRef};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::project_set_select_item::SelectItem;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbProjectSetSelectItem, PbTableFunction};
 
 use super::{ExprError, Result};
 use crate::expr::{build_from_prost as expr_build_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
-use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 
 mod empty;
 mod repeat;
@@ -130,26 +129,18 @@ pub fn build(
     chunk_size: usize,
     children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
 ) -> Result<BoxedTableFunction> {
-    let args = children
-        .iter()
-        .map(|t| t.return_type().into())
-        .collect::<Vec<DataTypeName>>();
-    let desc = crate::sig::table_function::FUNC_SIG_MAP
-        .get(func, &args)
+    let args = children.iter().map(|t| t.return_type()).collect_vec();
+    let desc = crate::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .get(func, &args, &return_type)
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(format!(
-                "{:?}",
-                FuncSigDebug {
-                    func: func.as_str_name(),
-                    inputs_type: &args,
-                    ret_type: (&return_type).into(),
-                    set_returning: true,
-                    deprecated: false,
-                    append_only: false,
-                }
+                "{}({}) -> setof {}",
+                func.as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase(),
+                args.iter().format(", "),
+                return_type,
             ))
         })?;
-    (desc.build)(return_type, chunk_size, children)
+    desc.build_table(return_type, chunk_size, children)
 }
 
 /// See also [`PbProjectSetSelectItem`]
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
index 977a04b2a7a70..971fb97f66cdc 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/window_function/state/mod.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DefaultOrdered};
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::memcmp_encoding::MemcmpEncoded;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use super::{WindowFuncCall, WindowFuncKind};
-use crate::sig::FuncSigDebug;
 use crate::{ExprError, Result};
 
 mod buffer;
@@ -116,19 +116,11 @@ pub fn create_window_state(call: &WindowFuncCall) -> Result<Box<dyn WindowState
         RowNumber => Box::new(row_number::RowNumberState::new(call)),
         Aggregate(_) => Box::new(aggregate::AggregateState::new(call)?),
         kind => {
-            let args = (call.args.arg_types().iter())
-                .map(|t| t.into())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             return Err(ExprError::UnsupportedFunction(format!(
-                "{:?}",
-                FuncSigDebug {
-                    func: kind,
-                    inputs_type: &args,
-                    ret_type: call.return_type.clone().into(),
-                    set_returning: false,
-                    deprecated: false,
-                    append_only: false,
-                }
+                "{}({}) -> {}",
+                kind,
+                call.args.arg_types().iter().format(", "),
+                &call.return_type,
             )));
         }
     })
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs b/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
index 76a00b0974c49..1e84d8d8e4825 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/benches/expr.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::*;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggArgs, AggCall, AggKind};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::*;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::agg_func_sigs;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::func::func_sigs;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
 
@@ -229,10 +228,10 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
         InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Jsonb, 26),
         InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int256, 27),
     ];
-    let input_index_for_type = |ty: DataType| {
+    let input_index_for_type = |ty: &DataType| {
         inputrefs
             .iter()
-            .find(|r| r.return_type() == ty)
+            .find(|r| &r.return_type() == ty)
             .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("expression not found for {ty:?}"))
             .index()
     };
@@ -267,19 +266,20 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
     c.bench_function("extract(constant)", |bencher| {
         let extract = build_from_pretty(format!(
             "(extract:decimal HOUR:varchar ${}:timestamp)",
-            input_index_for_type(DataType::Timestamp)
+            input_index_for_type(&DataType::Timestamp)
         ));
         bencher
             .to_async(FuturesExecutor)
             .iter(|| extract.eval(&input))
     });
 
-    let sigs = func_sigs();
-    let sigs = sigs.sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
+    let sigs = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_scalars()
+        .sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
     'sig: for sig in sigs {
         if (sig.inputs_type.iter())
-            .chain(&[sig.ret_type])
-            .any(|t| matches!(t, DataTypeName::Struct | DataTypeName::List))
+            .chain([&sig.ret_type])
+            .any(|t| !t.is_exact())
         {
             // TODO: support struct and list
             println!("todo: {sig:?}");
@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
 
         let mut children = vec![];
         for (i, t) in sig.inputs_type.iter().enumerate() {
-            use DataTypeName::*;
-            let idx = match (sig.func, i) {
+            use DataType::*;
+            let idx = match (sig.name.as_scalar(), i) {
                 (PbType::ToTimestamp1, 0) => TIMESTAMP_FORMATTED_STRING,
                 (PbType::ToChar | PbType::ToTimestamp1, 1) => {
                     children.push(string_literal("YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS"));
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
                     children.push(string_literal("VALUE"));
                     continue;
                 }
-                (PbType::Cast, 0) if *t == DataTypeName::Varchar => match sig.ret_type {
+                (PbType::Cast, 0) if t.as_exact() == &Varchar => match sig.ret_type.as_exact() {
                     Boolean => BOOL_STRING,
                     Int16 | Int32 | Int64 | Float32 | Float64 | Decimal => NUMBER_STRING,
                     Date => DATE_STRING,
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 (PbType::AtTimeZone, 1) => TIMEZONE,
                 (PbType::DateTrunc, 0) => TIME_FIELD,
                 (PbType::DateTrunc, 2) => TIMEZONE,
-                (PbType::Extract, 0) => match sig.inputs_type[1] {
+                (PbType::Extract, 0) => match sig.inputs_type[1].as_exact() {
                     Date => EXTRACT_FIELD_DATE,
                     Time => EXTRACT_FIELD_TIME,
                     Timestamp => EXTRACT_FIELD_TIMESTAMP,
@@ -342,38 +342,46 @@ fn bench_expr(c: &mut Criterion) {
                     Interval => EXTRACT_FIELD_INTERVAL,
                     t => panic!("unexpected type: {t:?}"),
                 },
-                _ => input_index_for_type((*t).into()),
+                _ => input_index_for_type(t.as_exact()),
             };
-            children.push(InputRefExpression::new(DataType::from(*t), idx).boxed());
+            children.push(InputRefExpression::new(t.as_exact().clone(), idx).boxed());
         }
-        let expr = build_func(sig.func, sig.ret_type.into(), children).unwrap();
+        let expr = build_func(
+            sig.name.as_scalar(),
+            sig.ret_type.as_exact().clone(),
+            children,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         c.bench_function(&format!("{sig:?}"), |bencher| {
             bencher.to_async(FuturesExecutor).iter(|| expr.eval(&input))
         });
     }
 
-    let sigs = agg_func_sigs();
-    let sigs = sigs.sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
+    let sigs = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_aggregates()
+        .sorted_by_cached_key(|sig| format!("{sig:?}"));
     for sig in sigs {
-        if matches!(sig.func, AggKind::PercentileDisc | AggKind::PercentileCont)
-            || (sig.inputs_type.iter())
-                .chain(&[sig.ret_type])
-                .any(|t| matches!(t, DataTypeName::Struct | DataTypeName::List))
+        if matches!(
+            sig.name.as_aggregate(),
+            AggKind::PercentileDisc | AggKind::PercentileCont
+        ) || (sig.inputs_type.iter())
+            .chain([&sig.ret_type])
+            .any(|t| !t.is_exact())
         {
             println!("todo: {sig:?}");
             continue;
         }
         let agg = match build_append_only(&AggCall {
-            kind: sig.func,
-            args: match sig.inputs_type {
+            kind: sig.name.as_aggregate(),
+            args: match sig.inputs_type.as_slice() {
                 [] => AggArgs::None,
-                [t] => AggArgs::Unary((*t).into(), input_index_for_type((*t).into())),
+                [t] => AggArgs::Unary(t.as_exact().clone(), input_index_for_type(t.as_exact())),
                 _ => {
                     println!("todo: {sig:?}");
                     continue;
                 }
             },
-            return_type: sig.ret_type.into(),
+            return_type: sig.ret_type.as_exact().clone(),
             column_orders: vec![],
             filter: None,
             distinct: false,
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
index 21355418810f9..963d56ed08621 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/array_agg.rs
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, ScalarRef};
+use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, ScalarRefImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
-#[aggregate("array_agg(*) -> list")]
-fn array_agg<'a>(state: Option<ListValue>, value: Option<impl ScalarRef<'a>>) -> ListValue {
+#[aggregate("array_agg(any) -> anyarray")]
+fn array_agg(state: Option<ListValue>, value: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>) -> ListValue {
     let mut state: Vec<Datum> = state.unwrap_or_default().into();
-    state.push(value.map(|v| v.to_owned_scalar().into()));
+    state.push(value.to_owned_datum());
     state.into()
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
index 3a9aea4016ccd..8385e2c6a060b 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/jsonb_agg.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::types::JsonbVal;
 use risingwave_expr::{aggregate, ExprError, Result};
 use serde_json::Value;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
index cfdad33f98664..927fb5c801f87 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mode.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{
 };
 use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, Result};
 
-#[build_aggregate("mode(*) -> auto")]
+#[build_aggregate("mode(any) -> any")]
 fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
     Ok(Box::new(Mode {
         return_type: agg.return_type.clone(),
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
index daac4085967af..c9143dcf8e640 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/percentile_disc.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::{build_aggregate, Result};
 /// statement ok
 /// drop table t;
 /// ```
-#[build_aggregate("percentile_disc(*) -> auto")]
+#[build_aggregate("percentile_disc(any) -> any")]
 fn build(agg: &AggCall) -> Result<BoxedAggregateFunction> {
     let fractions = agg.direct_args[0]
         .literal()
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
index d24303fe1f708..6bd9c8e82ee3d 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/string_agg.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
 
 #[aggregate("string_agg(varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
index a0020b7ea4e26..7df75de8809f3 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array.rs
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("array(...) -> list")]
+#[function("array(...) -> anyarray", type_infer = "panic")]
 fn array(row: impl Row) -> ListValue {
     ListValue::new(row.iter().map(|d| d.to_owned_datum()).collect())
 }
 
-#[function("row(...) -> struct")]
+#[function("row(...) -> struct", type_infer = "panic")]
 fn row_(row: impl Row) -> StructValue {
     StructValue::new(row.iter().map(|d| d.to_owned_datum()).collect())
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
index 925ea496181b4..929eb19b9318b 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
@@ -13,22 +13,17 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Scalar, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
+use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("array_access(list, int4) -> *")]
-pub fn array_access<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>, index: i32) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+#[function("array_access(anyarray, int4) -> any")]
+fn array_access(list: ListRef<'_>, index: i32) -> Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>> {
     // index must be greater than 0 following a one-based numbering convention for arrays
     if index < 1 {
-        return Ok(None);
+        return None;
     }
     // returns `NULL` if index is out of bounds
-    let datum_ref = list.elem_at(index as usize - 1).flatten();
-    if let Some(scalar) = datum_ref.to_owned_datum() {
-        Ok(Some(scalar.try_into()?))
-    } else {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
+    list.elem_at(index as usize - 1).flatten()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -48,10 +43,10 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
         let l1 = ListRef::ValueRef { val: &v1 };
 
-        assert_eq!(array_access::<i32>(l1, 1).unwrap(), Some(1));
-        assert_eq!(array_access::<i32>(l1, -1).unwrap(), None);
-        assert_eq!(array_access::<i32>(l1, 0).unwrap(), None);
-        assert_eq!(array_access::<i32>(l1, 4).unwrap(), None);
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l1, 1), Some(1.into()));
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l1, -1), None);
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l1, 0), None);
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l1, 4), None);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -72,18 +67,9 @@ mod tests {
         let l2 = ListRef::ValueRef { val: &v2 };
         let l3 = ListRef::ValueRef { val: &v3 };
 
-        assert_eq!(
-            array_access::<Box<str>>(l1, 1).unwrap(),
-            Some("来自".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            array_access::<Box<str>>(l2, 2).unwrap(),
-            Some("荷兰".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            array_access::<Box<str>>(l3, 3).unwrap(),
-            Some("的爱".into())
-        );
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l1, 1), Some("来自".into()));
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l2, 2), Some("荷兰".into()));
+        assert_eq!(array_access(l3, 3), Some("的爱".into()));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -100,11 +86,14 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
         let l = ListRef::ValueRef { val: &v };
         assert_eq!(
-            array_access::<ListValue>(l, 1).unwrap(),
-            Some(ListValue::new(vec![
-                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("foo".into())),
-                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("bar".into())),
-            ]))
+            array_access(l, 1),
+            Some(
+                ListRef::from(&ListValue::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("foo".into())),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("bar".into())),
+                ]))
+                .into()
+            )
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
index b63ae05a4fc32..ab63c6f1f7529 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_concat.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// ----
 /// NULL
 /// ```
-#[function("array_cat(list, list) -> list")]
+#[function("array_cat(anyarray, anyarray) -> anyarray")]
 fn array_cat(
     left: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
     right: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
@@ -153,15 +153,12 @@ fn array_cat(
 /// ----
 /// {NULL}
 /// ```
-#[function("array_append(list, *) -> list")]
-fn array_append<'a>(
-    left: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    right: Option<impl Into<ScalarRefImpl<'a>>>,
-) -> ListValue {
+#[function("array_append(anyarray, any) -> anyarray")]
+fn array_append(left: Option<ListRef<'_>>, right: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>) -> ListValue {
     ListValue::new(
         left.iter()
             .flat_map(|list| list.iter())
-            .chain(std::iter::once(right.map(Into::into)))
+            .chain(std::iter::once(right))
             .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
             .collect(),
     )
@@ -193,13 +190,10 @@ fn array_append<'a>(
 /// ----
 /// {NULL}
 /// ```
-#[function("array_prepend(*, list) -> list")]
-fn array_prepend<'a>(
-    left: Option<impl Into<ScalarRefImpl<'a>>>,
-    right: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-) -> ListValue {
+#[function("array_prepend(any, anyarray) -> anyarray")]
+fn array_prepend(left: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>, right: Option<ListRef<'_>>) -> ListValue {
     ListValue::new(
-        std::iter::once(left.map(Into::into))
+        std::iter::once(left)
             .chain(right.iter().flat_map(|list| list.iter()))
             .map(|x| x.map(ScalarRefImpl::into_scalar_impl))
             .collect(),
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
index 573648006eb98..a334506631bf8 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_distinct.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// select array_distinct(null);
 /// ```
 
-#[function("array_distinct(list) -> list")]
+#[function("array_distinct(anyarray) -> anyarray")]
 pub fn array_distinct(list: ListRef<'_>) -> ListValue {
     ListValue::new(list.iter().unique().map(|x| x.to_owned_datum()).collect())
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
index 465ac50b4d4fb..770744cbc0f46 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_length.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::ListRef;
-use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError};
+use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Returns the length of an array.
 ///
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError};
 /// query error Cannot implicitly cast
 /// select array_length(null);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_length(list) -> int4")]
-#[function("array_length(list) -> int8", deprecated)]
-fn array_length<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T, ExprError> {
+#[function("array_length(anyarray) -> int4")]
+#[function("array_length(anyarray) -> int8", deprecated)]
+fn array_length<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T> {
     array
         .len()
         .try_into()
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ fn array_length<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T, ExprError> {
 /// statement error
 /// select array_length(array[null, array[2]], 2);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_length(list, int4) -> int4")]
-fn array_length_of_dim(array: ListRef<'_>, d: i32) -> Result<Option<i32>, ExprError> {
+#[function("array_length(anyarray, int4) -> int4")]
+fn array_length_of_dim(array: ListRef<'_>, d: i32) -> Result<Option<i32>> {
     match d {
         ..=0 => Ok(None),
         1 => array_length(array).map(Some),
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ fn array_length_of_dim(array: ListRef<'_>, d: i32) -> Result<Option<i32>, ExprEr
 /// statement error
 /// select array_dims(array[array[]::int[]]); -- would be `[1:1][1:0]` after multidimensional support
 /// ```
-#[function("array_dims(list) -> varchar")]
+#[function("array_dims(anyarray) -> varchar")]
 fn array_dims(array: ListRef<'_>, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     write!(writer, "[1:{}]", array.len()).unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
index 86652b8123970..db54139ec081b 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_min_max.rs
@@ -13,45 +13,17 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
-use risingwave_common::types::{DefaultOrdered, Scalar, ToOwnedDatum};
-use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DefaultOrdered, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-/// FIXME: #[`function("array_min(list`) -> any")] supports
-/// In this way we could avoid manual macro expansion
-#[function("array_min(list) -> *int")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> *float")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> decimal")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> serial")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> int256")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> date")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> time")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> timestamp")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> timestamptz")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> varchar")]
-#[function("array_min(list) -> bytea")]
-pub fn array_min<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+#[function("array_min(anyarray) -> any")]
+pub fn array_min(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>> {
     let min_value = list.iter().flatten().map(DefaultOrdered).min();
-    match min_value.map(|v| v.0).to_owned_datum() {
-        Some(s) => Ok(Some(s.try_into()?)),
-        None => Ok(None),
-    }
+    min_value.map(|v| v.0)
 }
 
-#[function("array_max(list) -> *int")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> *float")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> decimal")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> serial")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> int256")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> date")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> time")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> timestamp")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> timestamptz")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> varchar")]
-#[function("array_max(list) -> bytea")]
-pub fn array_max<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+#[function("array_max(anyarray) -> any")]
+pub fn array_max(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>> {
     let max_value = list.iter().flatten().map(DefaultOrdered).max();
-    match max_value.map(|v| v.0).to_owned_datum() {
-        Some(s) => Ok(Some(s.try_into()?)),
-        None => Ok(None),
-    }
+    max_value.map(|v| v.0)
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
index bfef1fd8c6f13..6058730344485 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_positions.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
-use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarImpl, ScalarRef};
+use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Returns the subscript of the first occurrence of the second argument in the array, or `NULL` if
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 /// ----
 /// 2
 /// ```
-#[function("array_position(list, *) -> int4")]
-fn array_position<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
+#[function("array_position(anyarray, any) -> int4")]
+fn array_position(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    element: Option<T>,
+    element: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
 ) -> Result<Option<i32>> {
     array_position_common(array, element, 0)
 }
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ fn array_position<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
 ///  4    4
 ///  5 NULL
 /// ```
-#[function("array_position(list, *, int4) -> int4")]
-fn array_position_start<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
+#[function("array_position(anyarray, any, int4) -> int4")]
+fn array_position_start(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    element: Option<T>,
+    element: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
     start: Option<i32>,
 ) -> Result<Option<i32>> {
     let start = match start {
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ fn array_position_start<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
     array_position_common(array, element, start)
 }
 
-fn array_position_common<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
+fn array_position_common(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    element: Option<T>,
+    element: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
     skip: usize,
 ) -> Result<Option<i32>> {
     let Some(left) = array else { return Ok(None) };
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ fn array_position_common<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
     Ok(left
         .iter()
         .skip(skip)
-        .position(|item| item == element.map(Into::into))
+        .position(|item| item == element)
         .map(|idx| (idx + 1 + skip) as _))
 }
 
@@ -181,25 +181,23 @@ fn array_position_common<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
 /// statement error
 /// select array_positions(ARRAY[array[1],array[2],array[3],array[2],null], array[true]);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_positions(list, *) -> list")]
-fn array_positions<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
+#[function("array_positions(anyarray, any) -> int4[]")]
+fn array_positions(
     array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    element: Option<T>,
+    element: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
 ) -> Result<Option<ListValue>> {
-    match array {
-        Some(left) => {
-            let values = left.iter();
-            match TryInto::<i32>::try_into(values.len()) {
-                Ok(_) => Ok(Some(ListValue::new(
-                    values
-                        .enumerate()
-                        .filter(|(_, item)| item == &element.map(|x| x.into()))
-                        .map(|(idx, _)| Some(ScalarImpl::Int32((idx + 1) as _)))
-                        .collect(),
-                ))),
-                Err(_) => Err(ExprError::CastOutOfRange("invalid array length")),
-            }
-        }
-        _ => Ok(None),
+    let Some(array) = array else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    let values = array.iter();
+    if values.len() - 1 > i32::MAX as usize {
+        return Err(ExprError::CastOutOfRange("invalid array length"));
     }
+    Ok(Some(ListValue::new(
+        values
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, item)| item == &element)
+            .map(|(idx, _)| Some(ScalarImpl::Int32((idx + 1) as _)))
+            .collect(),
+    )))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
index 785160a74c5ce..2782a97a7147f 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_range_access.rs
@@ -14,22 +14,22 @@
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
-use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
+use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// If the case is `array[1,2,3][:2]`, then start will be 0 set by the frontend
 /// If the case is `array[1,2,3][1:]`, then end will be `i32::MAX` set by the frontend
-#[function("array_range_access(list, int4, int4) -> list")]
-pub fn array_range_access(list: ListRef<'_>, start: i32, end: i32) -> Result<Option<ListValue>> {
+#[function("array_range_access(anyarray, int4, int4) -> anyarray")]
+pub fn array_range_access(list: ListRef<'_>, start: i32, end: i32) -> Option<ListValue> {
     let mut data = vec![];
     let list_all_values = list.iter();
     let start = std::cmp::max(start, 1) as usize;
     let end = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::max(0, end), list_all_values.len() as i32) as usize;
     if start > end {
-        return Ok(Some(ListValue::new(data)));
+        return Some(ListValue::new(data));
     }
 
     for datumref in list_all_values.take(end).skip(start - 1) {
         data.push(datumref.to_owned_datum());
     }
-    Ok(Some(ListValue::new(data)))
+    Some(ListValue::new(data))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
index 9c799fd71dd91..b26be50cc3954 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_remove.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
-use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRef, ToOwnedDatum};
+use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRefImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Removes all elements equal to the given value from the array.
@@ -66,17 +66,13 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// statement error
 /// select array_remove(ARRAY[array[1],array[2],array[3],array[2],null], array[true]);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_remove(list, *) -> list")]
-fn array_remove<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
-    arr: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    elem: Option<T>,
-) -> Option<ListValue> {
-    arr.map(|arr| {
-        ListValue::new(
-            arr.iter()
-                .filter(|x| x != &elem.map(Into::into))
-                .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
-                .collect(),
-        )
-    })
+#[function("array_remove(anyarray, any) -> anyarray")]
+fn array_remove(array: Option<ListRef<'_>>, elem: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>) -> Option<ListValue> {
+    Some(ListValue::new(
+        array?
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|x| x != &elem)
+            .map(|x| x.to_owned_datum())
+            .collect(),
+    ))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
index 38760bae2871e..9764a3937fc42 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_replace.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ListRef, ListValue};
-use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRef, ToOwnedDatum};
+use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRefImpl, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 /// Replaces each array element equal to the second argument with the third argument.
@@ -54,37 +54,19 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// statement error
 /// select array_replace(array[array[array[0, 1], array[2, 3]], array[array[4, 5], array[6, 7]]], array[4, 5], array[8, 9]);
 /// ```
-#[function("array_replace(list, boolean, boolean) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int2, int2) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int4, int4) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int8, int8) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, decimal, decimal) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, float4, float4) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, float8, float8) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, varchar, varchar) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, bytea, bytea) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, time, time) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, interval, interval) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, date, date) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, timestamp, timestamp) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, timestamptz, timestamptz) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, list, list) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, struct, struct) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, jsonb, jsonb) -> list")]
-#[function("array_replace(list, int256, int256) -> list")]
-fn array_replace<'a, T: ScalarRef<'a>>(
-    arr: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
-    elem_from: Option<T>,
-    elem_to: Option<T>,
+#[function("array_replace(anyarray, any, any) -> anyarray")]
+fn array_replace(
+    array: Option<ListRef<'_>>,
+    elem_from: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
+    elem_to: Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>,
 ) -> Option<ListValue> {
-    arr.map(|arr| {
-        ListValue::new(
-            arr.iter()
-                .map(|x| match x == elem_from.map(Into::into) {
-                    true => elem_to.map(Into::into).to_owned_datum(),
-                    false => x.to_owned_datum(),
-                })
-                .collect(),
-        )
-    })
+    Some(ListValue::new(
+        array?
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| match x == elem_from {
+                true => elem_to.to_owned_datum(),
+                false => x.to_owned_datum(),
+            })
+            .collect(),
+    ))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
index 293954bd6139a..c48fe7608076e 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sort.rs
@@ -13,19 +13,15 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::*;
-use risingwave_common::types::{Datum, DatumRef, DefaultOrdered, ToOwnedDatum};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DatumRef, DefaultOrdered, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
-#[function("array_sort(list) -> list")]
+#[function("array_sort(anyarray) -> anyarray")]
 pub fn array_sort(list: ListRef<'_>) -> ListValue {
     let mut v = list
         .iter()
         .map(DefaultOrdered)
         .collect::<Vec<DefaultOrdered<DatumRef<'_>>>>();
     v.sort();
-    ListValue::new(
-        v.into_iter()
-            .map(|x| x.0.to_owned_datum())
-            .collect::<Vec<Datum>>(),
-    )
+    ListValue::new(v.into_iter().map(|x| x.0.to_owned_datum()).collect())
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
index f6751ad6af8f0..fc45435f71200 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_sum.rs
@@ -13,70 +13,50 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ListRef};
-use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Decimal, Scalar, ScalarImpl, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Decimal, ScalarRefImpl};
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
-/// `array_sum(int2`[]) -> int8
-/// `array_sum(int4`[]) -> int8
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> int8")]
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> float4")]
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> float8")]
-/// `array_sum(int8`[]) -> decimal
-/// `array_sum(decimal`[]) -> decimal
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> decimal")]
-#[function("array_sum(list) -> interval")]
-fn array_sum<T: Scalar>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>>
+#[function("array_sum(int2[]) -> int8")]
+fn array_sum_int2(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
+    array_sum_general::<i16, i64>(list)
+}
+
+#[function("array_sum(int4[]) -> int8")]
+fn array_sum_int4(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
+    array_sum_general::<i32, i64>(list)
+}
+
+#[function("array_sum(int8[]) -> decimal")]
+fn array_sum_int8(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<Decimal>> {
+    array_sum_general::<i64, Decimal>(list)
+}
+
+#[function("array_sum(float4[]) -> float4")]
+#[function("array_sum(float8[]) -> float8")]
+#[function("array_sum(decimal[]) -> decimal")]
+#[function("array_sum(interval[]) -> interval")]
+fn array_sum<T>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>>
 where
-    T: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>, Error = ArrayError> + CheckedAdd<Output = T>,
+    T: for<'a> TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>, Error = ArrayError>,
+    T: Default + From<T> + CheckedAdd<Output = T>,
 {
-    let flag = match list.iter().flatten().next() {
-        Some(v) => match v {
-            ScalarRefImpl::Int16(_) | ScalarRefImpl::Int32(_) => 1,
-            ScalarRefImpl::Int64(_) => 2,
-            _ => 0,
-        },
-        None => return Ok(None),
-    };
+    array_sum_general::<T, T>(list)
+}
 
-    if flag != 0 {
-        match flag {
-            1 => {
-                let mut sum = 0;
-                for e in list.iter().flatten() {
-                    sum = sum
-                        .checked_add(match e {
-                            ScalarRefImpl::Int16(v) => v as i64,
-                            ScalarRefImpl::Int32(v) => v as i64,
-                            _ => panic!("Expect ScalarRefImpl::Int16 or ScalarRefImpl::Int32"),
-                        })
-                        .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
-                }
-                Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::from(sum).try_into()?))
-            }
-            2 => {
-                let mut sum = Decimal::Normalized(0.into());
-                for e in list.iter().flatten() {
-                    sum = sum
-                        .checked_add(match e {
-                            ScalarRefImpl::Int64(v) => Decimal::Normalized(v.into()),
-                            ScalarRefImpl::Decimal(v) => v,
-                            // FIXME: We can't panic here due to the macro expansion
-                            _ => Decimal::Normalized(0.into()),
-                        })
-                        .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
-                }
-                Ok(Some(ScalarImpl::from(sum).try_into()?))
-            }
-            _ => Ok(None),
-        }
-    } else {
-        let mut sum = T::default();
-        for e in list.iter().flatten() {
-            let v = e.try_into()?;
-            sum = sum
-                .checked_add(v)
-                .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
-        }
-        Ok(Some(sum))
+fn array_sum_general<S, T>(list: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<T>>
+where
+    S: for<'a> TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>, Error = ArrayError>,
+    T: Default + From<S> + CheckedAdd<Output = T>,
+{
+    if list.iter().flatten().next().is_none() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let mut sum = T::default();
+    for e in list.iter().flatten() {
+        let v: S = e.try_into()?;
+        sum = sum
+            .checked_add(v.into())
+            .ok_or_else(|| ExprError::NumericOutOfRange)?;
     }
+    Ok(Some(sum))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
index 6e3ea72c5f4ed..0c98dcba262ea 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_to_string.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// ----
 /// one,*,three,four
 /// ```
-#[function("array_to_string(list, varchar) -> varchar")]
+#[function("array_to_string(anyarray, varchar) -> varchar")]
 fn array_to_string(array: ListRef<'_>, delimiter: &str, ctx: &Context, writer: &mut impl Write) {
     let element_data_type = ctx.arg_types[0].unnest_list();
     let mut first = true;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ fn array_to_string(array: ListRef<'_>, delimiter: &str, ctx: &Context, writer: &
     }
 }
 
-#[function("array_to_string(list, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
+#[function("array_to_string(anyarray, varchar, varchar) -> varchar")]
 fn array_to_string_with_null(
     array: ListRef<'_>,
     delimiter: &str,
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
index c3b539cdeb4ea..a24aee30e8294 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cardinality.rs
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 /// query error Cannot implicitly cast
 /// select cardinality(null);
 /// ```
-#[function("cardinality(list) -> int4")]
-#[function("cardinality(list) -> int8", deprecated)]
+#[function("cardinality(anyarray) -> int4")]
+#[function("cardinality(anyarray) -> int8", deprecated)]
 fn cardinality<T: TryFrom<usize>>(array: ListRef<'_>) -> Result<T> {
     array
         .flatten()
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
index 89d643e524eac..889cc43fe6b18 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn int_to_bool(input: i32) -> bool {
 #[function("cast(timestamp) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(jsonb) -> varchar")]
 #[function("cast(bytea) -> varchar")]
-#[function("cast(list) -> varchar")]
+#[function("cast(anyarray) -> varchar")]
 pub fn general_to_text(elem: impl ToText, mut writer: &mut impl Write) {
     elem.write(&mut writer).unwrap();
 }
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ fn unnest(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<&str>> {
     Ok(items)
 }
 
-#[function("cast(varchar) -> list")]
+#[function("cast(varchar) -> anyarray", type_infer = "panic")]
 fn str_to_list(input: &str, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let cast = build_func(
         PbType::Cast,
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ fn str_to_list(input: &str, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
 }
 
 /// Cast array with `source_elem_type` into array with `target_elem_type` by casting each element.
-#[function("cast(list) -> list")]
+#[function("cast(anyarray) -> anyarray", type_infer = "panic")]
 fn list_cast(input: ListRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let cast = build_func(
         PbType::Cast,
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ fn list_cast(input: ListRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<ListValue> {
 }
 
 /// Cast struct of `source_elem_type` to `target_elem_type` by casting each element.
-#[function("cast(struct) -> struct")]
+#[function("cast(struct) -> struct", type_infer = "panic")]
 fn struct_cast(input: StructRef<'_>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<StructValue> {
     let fields = (input.iter_fields_ref())
         .zip_eq_fast(ctx.arg_types[0].as_struct().types())
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
index 2bf0a64d6fe02..b5a38af0d44a6 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 #[function("equal(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("equal(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("equal(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("equal(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_eq<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ where
 #[function("not_equal(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("not_equal(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("not_equal(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("not_equal(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_ne<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ where
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("greater_than_or_equal(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("greater_than_or_equal(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than_or_equal(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_ge<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ where
 #[function("greater_than(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("greater_than(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("greater_than(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("greater_than(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_gt<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ where
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("less_than_or_equal(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("less_than_or_equal(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than_or_equal(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_le<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ where
 #[function("less_than(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("less_than(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("less_than(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("less_than(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_lt<T1, T2, T3>(l: T1, r: T2) -> bool
 where
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ where
 #[function("is_distinct_from(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("is_distinct_from(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("is_distinct_from(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_distinct_from(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_is_distinct_from<T1, T2, T3>(l: Option<T1>, r: Option<T2>) -> bool
 where
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ where
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(interval, time) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(varchar, varchar) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(bytea, bytea) -> boolean")]
-#[function("is_not_distinct_from(list, list) -> boolean")]
+#[function("is_not_distinct_from(anyarray, anyarray) -> boolean")]
 #[function("is_not_distinct_from(struct, struct) -> boolean")]
 pub fn general_is_not_distinct_from<T1, T2, T3>(l: Option<T1>, r: Option<T2>) -> bool
 where
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
index a638c8ef12bf6..a61cbda3ddfbe 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/string_to_array.rs
@@ -35,39 +35,33 @@ fn string_to_array_inner<'a>(
 }
 
 // Use cases shown in `e2e_test/batch/functions/string_to_array.slt.part`
-#[function("string_to_array(varchar, varchar) -> list")]
+#[function("string_to_array(varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]")]
 pub fn string_to_array2(s: Option<&str>, sep: Option<&str>) -> Option<ListValue> {
-    s.map(|s| {
-        ListValue::new(
-            string_to_array_inner(s, sep)
-                .map(|x| Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(x.into())))
-                .collect_vec(),
-        )
-    })
+    Some(ListValue::new(
+        string_to_array_inner(s?, sep)
+            .map(|x| Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(x.into())))
+            .collect_vec(),
+    ))
 }
 
-#[function("string_to_array(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> list")]
+#[function("string_to_array(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]")]
 pub fn string_to_array3(
     s: Option<&str>,
     sep: Option<&str>,
     null: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Option<ListValue> {
-    s.map(|s| {
-        null.map_or_else(
-            || string_to_array2(Some(s), sep).unwrap(),
-            |null| {
-                ListValue::new(
-                    string_to_array_inner(s, sep)
-                        .map(|x| {
-                            if x == null {
-                                None
-                            } else {
-                                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(x.into()))
-                            }
-                        })
-                        .collect_vec(),
-                )
-            },
-        )
-    })
+    let Some(null) = null else {
+        return string_to_array2(s, sep);
+    };
+    Some(ListValue::new(
+        string_to_array_inner(s?, sep)
+            .map(|x| {
+                if x == null {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(x.into()))
+                }
+            })
+            .collect_vec(),
+    ))
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
index 4b7a1d53304ec..3a9bbed9c0562 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/trim_array.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 /// statement error
 /// select trim_array(array[1,2,3,4,5,null], true);
 /// ```
-#[function("trim_array(list, int4) -> list")]
+#[function("trim_array(anyarray, int4) -> anyarray")]
 fn trim_array(array: ListRef<'_>, n: i32) -> Result<ListValue> {
     let values = array.iter();
     let len_to_trim: usize = n.try_into().map_err(|_| ExprError::InvalidParam {
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
index 0fe3937aae8c9..53123489d7976 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::function;
 /// ----
 /// 1
 /// ```
-#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int4, boolean) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("generate_subscripts(anyarray, int4, boolean) -> setof int4")]
 fn generate_subscripts_reverse(
     array: ListRef<'_>,
     dim: i32,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn generate_subscripts_reverse(
 /// ----
 /// 1
 /// ```
-#[function("generate_subscripts(list, int4) -> setof int4")]
+#[function("generate_subscripts(anyarray, int4) -> setof int4")]
 fn generate_subscripts(array: ListRef<'_>, dim: i32) -> impl Iterator<Item = i32> {
     generate_subscripts_iterator(array, dim, false)
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
index 4ed8516921654..bf0107b703647 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/pg_expandarray.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, Result};
 /// three 3
 /// ```
 #[function(
-    "_pg_expandarray(list) -> setof struct<x any, n int4>",
+    "_pg_expandarray(anyarray) -> setof struct<x any, n int4>",
     type_infer = "infer_type"
 )]
 fn _pg_expandarray(array: ListRef<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>, i32)> {
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
index 019f6b08d591e..7534b903565dd 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/unnest.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function(
-    "unnest(list) -> setof any",
+    "unnest(anyarray) -> setof any",
     type_infer = "|args| Ok(args[0].unnest_list().clone())"
 )]
 fn unnest(list: ListRef<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>>> {
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
index 34a4bf16beba2..1a227e9472042 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
@@ -12,96 +12,69 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 risingwave_expr_impl::enable!();
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::types::DataTypeName;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::func::{func_sigs, FuncSign};
-use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
-
+use risingwave_expr::sig::{FuncName, FuncSign, SigDataType, FUNCTION_REGISTRY};
 #[test]
 fn test_func_sig_map() {
     // convert FUNC_SIG_MAP to a more convenient map for testing
-    let mut new_map: BTreeMap<PbType, BTreeMap<Vec<DataTypeName>, Vec<FuncSign>>> = BTreeMap::new();
-    for sig in func_sigs() {
+    let mut new_map: HashMap<FuncName, HashMap<Vec<SigDataType>, Vec<FuncSign>>> = HashMap::new();
+    for sig in FUNCTION_REGISTRY.iter_scalars() {
         // exclude deprecated functions
         if sig.deprecated {
             continue;
         }
 
         new_map
-            .entry(sig.func)
+            .entry(sig.name)
             .or_default()
             .entry(sig.inputs_type.to_vec())
             .or_default()
             .push(sig.clone());
     }
 
-    let duplicated: BTreeMap<_, Vec<_>> = new_map
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|(k, funcs_with_same_name)| {
-            let funcs_with_same_name_type: Vec<_> = funcs_with_same_name
-                .into_values()
-                .filter_map(|v| {
-                    if v.len() > 1 {
-                        Some(
-                            format!(
-                                "{:}({:?}) -> {:?}",
-                                v[0].func.as_str_name(),
-                                v[0].inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
-                                v.iter().map(|sig| sig.ret_type).format("/")
-                            )
-                            .to_ascii_lowercase(),
-                        )
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect();
-            if !funcs_with_same_name_type.is_empty() {
-                Some((k, funcs_with_same_name_type))
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
+    let mut duplicated: Vec<_> = new_map
+        .into_values()
+        .flat_map(|funcs_with_same_name| {
+            funcs_with_same_name.into_values().filter_map(|v| {
+                if v.len() > 1 {
+                    Some(format!(
+                        "{}({}) -> {}",
+                        v[0].name.as_str_name().to_ascii_lowercase(),
+                        v[0].inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
+                        v.iter().map(|sig| &sig.ret_type).format("/")
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
         })
         .collect();
+    duplicated.sort();
 
     // This snapshot shows the function signatures without a unique match. Frontend has to
     // handle them specially without relying on FuncSigMap.
     let expected = expect_test::expect![[r#"
-        {
-            Cast: [
-                "cast(boolean) -> int32/varchar",
-                "cast(int16) -> int256/decimal/float64/float32/int64/int32/varchar",
-                "cast(int32) -> int256/int16/decimal/float64/float32/int64/boolean/varchar",
-                "cast(int64) -> int256/int32/int16/decimal/float64/float32/varchar",
-                "cast(float32) -> decimal/int64/int32/int16/float64/varchar",
-                "cast(float64) -> decimal/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                "cast(decimal) -> float64/float32/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                "cast(date) -> timestamp/varchar",
-                "cast(varchar) -> jsonb/interval/timestamp/time/date/int256/float32/float64/decimal/int16/int32/int64/varchar/boolean/bytea/list",
-                "cast(time) -> interval/varchar",
-                "cast(timestamp) -> time/date/varchar",
-                "cast(interval) -> time/varchar",
-                "cast(list) -> varchar/list",
-                "cast(jsonb) -> boolean/float64/float32/decimal/int64/int32/int16/varchar",
-                "cast(int256) -> float64/varchar",
-            ],
-            ArrayAccess: [
-                "array_access(list, int32) -> boolean/int16/int32/int64/int256/float32/float64/decimal/serial/date/time/timestamp/timestamptz/interval/varchar/bytea/jsonb/list/struct",
-            ],
-            ArrayMin: [
-                "array_min(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
-            ],
-            ArrayMax: [
-                "array_max(list) -> bytea/varchar/timestamptz/timestamp/time/date/int256/serial/decimal/float32/float64/int16/int32/int64",
-            ],
-            ArraySum: [
-                "array_sum(list) -> interval/decimal/float64/float32/int64",
-            ],
-        }
-        "#]];
+        [
+            "cast(anyarray) -> character varying/anyarray",
+            "cast(bigint) -> rw_int256/integer/smallint/numeric/double precision/real/character varying",
+            "cast(boolean) -> integer/character varying",
+            "cast(character varying) -> jsonb/interval/timestamp without time zone/time without time zone/date/rw_int256/real/double precision/numeric/smallint/integer/bigint/character varying/boolean/bytea/anyarray",
+            "cast(date) -> timestamp without time zone/character varying",
+            "cast(double precision) -> numeric/real/bigint/integer/smallint/character varying",
+            "cast(integer) -> rw_int256/smallint/numeric/double precision/real/bigint/boolean/character varying",
+            "cast(interval) -> time without time zone/character varying",
+            "cast(jsonb) -> boolean/double precision/real/numeric/bigint/integer/smallint/character varying",
+            "cast(numeric) -> double precision/real/bigint/integer/smallint/character varying",
+            "cast(real) -> numeric/bigint/integer/smallint/double precision/character varying",
+            "cast(rw_int256) -> double precision/character varying",
+            "cast(smallint) -> rw_int256/numeric/double precision/real/bigint/integer/character varying",
+            "cast(time without time zone) -> interval/character varying",
+            "cast(timestamp without time zone) -> time without time zone/date/character varying",
+        ]
+    "#]];
     expected.assert_debug_eq(&duplicated);
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 50c276e6685c8..083f184add5e7 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,49 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         attrs
     }
 
+    /// Generate the type infer function.
+    fn generate_type_infer_fn(&self) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
+        if let Some(func) = &self.type_infer {
+            if func == "panic" {
+                return Ok(quote! { |_| panic!("type inference function is not implemented") });
+            }
+            // use the user defined type inference function
+            return Ok(func.parse().unwrap());
+        } else if self.ret == "any" {
+            // TODO: if there are multiple "any", they should be the same type
+            if let Some(i) = self.args.iter().position(|t| t == "any") {
+                // infer as the type of "any" argument
+                return Ok(quote! { |args| Ok(args[#i].clone()) });
+            }
+            if let Some(i) = self.args.iter().position(|t| t == "anyarray") {
+                // infer as the element type of "anyarray" argument
+                return Ok(quote! { |args| Ok(args[#i].as_list().clone()) });
+            }
+        } else if self.ret == "anyarray" {
+            if let Some(i) = self.args.iter().position(|t| t == "anyarray") {
+                // infer as the type of "anyarray" argument
+                return Ok(quote! { |args| Ok(args[#i].clone()) });
+            }
+            if let Some(i) = self.args.iter().position(|t| t == "any") {
+                // infer as the array type of "any" argument
+                return Ok(quote! { |args| Ok(DataType::List(Box::new(args[#i].clone()))) });
+            }
+        } else if self.ret == "struct" {
+            if let Some(i) = self.args.iter().position(|t| t == "struct") {
+                // infer as the type of "struct" argument
+                return Ok(quote! { |args| Ok(args[#i].clone()) });
+            }
+        } else {
+            // the return type is fixed
+            let ty = data_type(&self.ret);
+            return Ok(quote! { |_| Ok(#ty) });
+        }
+        Err(Error::new(
+            Span::call_site(),
+            "type inference function is required",
+        ))
+    }
+
     /// Generate a descriptor of the scalar or table function.
     ///
     /// The types of arguments and return value should not contain wildcard.
@@ -65,31 +108,37 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             false => &self.args[..],
         }
         .iter()
-        .map(|ty| data_type_name(ty))
+        .map(|ty| sig_data_type(ty))
         .collect_vec();
-        let ret = data_type_name(&self.ret);
+        let ret = sig_data_type(&self.ret);
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
         let ctor_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::func::FuncSign };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
             quote! { #name }
         } else {
             self.generate_build_scalar_function(user_fn, true)?
         };
+        let type_infer_fn = self.generate_type_infer_fn()?;
         let deprecated = self.deprecated;
+
         Ok(quote! {
             #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::func::_register(#descriptor_type {
-                    func: risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::#pb_type,
-                    inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
+                use risingwave_expr::sig::{_register, FuncSign, SigDataType, FuncBuilder};
+
+                unsafe { _register(FuncSign {
+                    name: risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::#pb_type.into(),
+                    inputs_type: vec![#(#args),*],
                     variadic: #variadic,
                     ret_type: #ret,
-                    build: #build_fn,
+                    build: FuncBuilder::Scalar(#build_fn),
+                    type_infer: #type_infer_fn,
                     deprecated: #deprecated,
+                    state_type: None,
+                    append_only: false,
                 }) };
             }
         })
@@ -478,12 +527,15 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
 
         let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(self.args.len());
         for ty in &self.args {
-            args.push(data_type_name(ty));
+            args.push(sig_data_type(ty));
         }
-        let ret = data_type_name(&self.ret);
+        let ret = sig_data_type(&self.ret);
         let state_type = match &self.state {
-            Some(ty) if ty != "ref" => data_type_name(ty),
-            _ => data_type_name(&self.ret),
+            Some(ty) if ty != "ref" => {
+                let ty = data_type(ty);
+                quote! { Some(#ty) }
+            }
+            _ => quote! { None },
         };
         let append_only = match build_fn {
             false => !user_fn.has_retract(),
@@ -495,24 +547,31 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             false => format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name()),
             true => format_ident!("{}_append_only", self.ident_name()),
         };
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AggFuncSig };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.as_fn().name);
             quote! { #name }
         } else {
             self.generate_agg_build_fn(user_fn)?
         };
+        let type_infer_fn = self.generate_type_infer_fn()?;
+        let deprecated = self.deprecated;
+
         Ok(quote! {
             #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::agg::_register(#descriptor_type {
-                    func: risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind::#pb_type,
-                    inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
-                    state_type: #state_type,
+                use risingwave_expr::sig::{_register, FuncSign, SigDataType, FuncBuilder};
+
+                unsafe { _register(FuncSign {
+                    name: risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind::#pb_type.into(),
+                    inputs_type: vec![#(#args),*],
+                    variadic: false,
                     ret_type: #ret,
-                    build: #build_fn,
+                    build: FuncBuilder::Aggregate(#build_fn),
+                    type_infer: #type_infer_fn,
+                    state_type: #state_type,
                     append_only: #append_only,
+                    deprecated: #deprecated,
                 }) };
             }
         })
@@ -531,11 +590,9 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             .enumerate()
             .map(|(i, arg)| {
                 let array = format_ident!("a{i}");
-                let variant: TokenStream2 = types::variant(arg).parse().unwrap();
+                let array_type: TokenStream2 = types::array_type(arg).parse().unwrap();
                 quote! {
-                    let ArrayImpl::#variant(#array) = &**input.column_at(#i) else {
-                        bail!("input type mismatch. expect: {}", stringify!(#variant));
-                    };
+                    let #array: &#array_type = input.column_at(#i).as_ref().into();
                 }
             })
             .collect_vec();
@@ -759,41 +816,37 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
         let name = self.name.clone();
         let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(self.args.len());
         for ty in &self.args {
-            args.push(data_type_name(ty));
+            args.push(sig_data_type(ty));
         }
-        let ret = data_type_name(&self.ret);
+        let ret = sig_data_type(&self.ret);
 
         let pb_type = format_ident!("{}", utils::to_camel_case(&name));
         let ctor_name = format_ident!("{}", self.ident_name());
-        let descriptor_type = quote! { risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::FuncSign };
         let build_fn = if build_fn {
             let name = format_ident!("{}", user_fn.name);
             quote! { #name }
         } else {
             self.generate_build_table_function(user_fn)?
         };
-        let type_infer_fn = if let Some(func) = &self.type_infer {
-            func.parse().unwrap()
-        } else {
-            if matches!(self.ret.as_str(), "any" | "list" | "struct") {
-                return Err(Error::new(
-                    Span::call_site(),
-                    format!("type inference function is required for {}", self.ret),
-                ));
-            }
-            let ty = data_type(&self.ret);
-            quote! { |_| Ok(#ty) }
-        };
+        let type_infer_fn = self.generate_type_infer_fn()?;
+        let deprecated = self.deprecated;
+
         Ok(quote! {
             #[risingwave_expr::codegen::ctor]
             fn #ctor_name() {
                 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
-                unsafe { risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::_register(#descriptor_type {
-                    func: risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::Type::#pb_type,
-                    inputs_type: &[#(#args),*],
+                use risingwave_expr::sig::{_register, FuncSign, SigDataType, FuncBuilder};
+
+                unsafe { _register(FuncSign {
+                    name: risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::Type::#pb_type.into(),
+                    inputs_type: vec![#(#args),*],
+                    variadic: false,
                     ret_type: #ret,
-                    build: #build_fn,
+                    build: FuncBuilder::Table(#build_fn),
                     type_infer: #type_infer_fn,
+                    deprecated: #deprecated,
+                    state_type: None,
+                    append_only: false,
                 }) };
             }
         })
@@ -989,9 +1042,17 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
     }
 }
 
-fn data_type_name(ty: &str) -> TokenStream2 {
-    let variant = format_ident!("{}", types::data_type(ty));
-    quote! { DataTypeName::#variant }
+fn sig_data_type(ty: &str) -> TokenStream2 {
+    match ty {
+        "any" => quote! { SigDataType::Any },
+        "anyarray" => quote! { SigDataType::AnyArray },
+        "struct" => quote! { SigDataType::AnyStruct },
+        _ if ty.starts_with("struct") && ty.contains("any") => quote! { SigDataType::AnyStruct },
+        _ => {
+            let datatype = data_type(ty);
+            quote! { SigDataType::Exact(#datatype) }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn data_type(ty: &str) -> TokenStream2 {
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 51ccd19f6468d..cb57d0cf75383 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// ```ignore
 /// #[function(
-///     "unnest(list) -> setof any",
+///     "unnest(anyarray) -> setof any",
 ///     type_infer = "|args| Ok(args[0].unnest_list())"
 /// )]
 /// ```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ mod utils;
 /// For instance:
 ///
 /// ```ignore
-/// #[function("trim_array(list, int32) -> list")]
+/// #[function("trim_array(anyarray, int32) -> anyarray")]
 /// fn trim_array(array: ListRef<'_>, n: i32) -> ListValue {...}
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ mod utils;
 /// to be considered, the `Option` type can be used:
 ///
 /// ```ignore
-/// #[function("trim_array(list, int32) -> list")]
+/// #[function("trim_array(anyarray, int32) -> anyarray")]
 /// fn trim_array(array: Option<ListRef<'_>>, n: Option<i32>) -> ListValue {...}
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ mod utils;
 ///
 /// | name                   | SQL type             | owned type    | reference type     |
 /// | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------------- | ------------------ |
-/// | list                   | `any[]`              | `ListValue`   | `ListRef<'_>`      |
+/// | anyarray               | `any[]`              | `ListValue`   | `ListRef<'_>`      |
 /// | struct                 | `record`             | `StructValue` | `StructRef<'_>`    |
 /// | T[^1][]                | `T[]`                | `ListValue`   | `ListRef<'_>`      |
 /// | struct<name T[^1], ..> | `struct<name T, ..>` | `(T, ..)`     | `(&T, ..)`         |
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
     /// Return a unique name that can be used as an identifier.
     fn ident_name(&self) -> String {
         format!("{}_{}_{}", self.name, self.args.join("_"), self.ret)
-            .replace("[]", "list")
+            .replace("[]", "array")
             .replace("...", "variadic")
             .replace(['<', '>', ' ', ','], "_")
             .replace("__", "_")
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
index 6dfa0338cfd4a..9dcd37b401f35 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/types.rs
@@ -14,72 +14,58 @@
 
 //! This module provides utility functions for SQL data type conversion and manipulation.
 
-//  name        data type   variant     array type          owned type      ref type    primitive
+//  name        data type   array type          owned type      ref type            primitive
 const TYPE_MATRIX: &str = "
-    boolean     Boolean     Bool        BoolArray           bool            bool            _
-    int2        Int16       Int16       I16Array            i16             i16             y
-    int4        Int32       Int32       I32Array            i32             i32             y
-    int8        Int64       Int64       I64Array            i64             i64             y
-    int256      Int256      Int256      Int256Array         Int256          Int256Ref<'_>   _
-    float4      Float32     Float32     F32Array            F32             F32             y
-    float8      Float64     Float64     F64Array            F64             F64             y
-    decimal     Decimal     Decimal     DecimalArray        Decimal         Decimal         y
-    serial      Serial      Serial      SerialArray         Serial          Serial          y
-    date        Date        Date        DateArray           Date            Date            y
-    time        Time        Time        TimeArray           Time            Time            y
-    timestamp   Timestamp   Timestamp   TimestampArray      Timestamp       Timestamp       y
-    timestamptz Timestamptz Timestamptz TimestamptzArray    Timestamptz     Timestamptz     y
-    interval    Interval    Interval    IntervalArray       Interval        Interval        y
-    varchar     Varchar     Utf8        Utf8Array           Box<str>        &str            _
-    bytea       Bytea       Bytea       BytesArray          Box<[u8]>       &[u8]           _
-    jsonb       Jsonb       Jsonb       JsonbArray          JsonbVal        JsonbRef<'_>    _
-    list        List        List        ListArray           ListValue       ListRef<'_>     _
-    struct      Struct      Struct      StructArray         StructValue     StructRef<'_>   _
+    boolean     Boolean     BoolArray           bool            bool                _
+    int2        Int16       I16Array            i16             i16                 y
+    int4        Int32       I32Array            i32             i32                 y
+    int8        Int64       I64Array            i64             i64                 y
+    int256      Int256      Int256Array         Int256          Int256Ref<'_>       _
+    float4      Float32     F32Array            F32             F32                 y
+    float8      Float64     F64Array            F64             F64                 y
+    decimal     Decimal     DecimalArray        Decimal         Decimal             y
+    serial      Serial      SerialArray         Serial          Serial              y
+    date        Date        DateArray           Date            Date                y
+    time        Time        TimeArray           Time            Time                y
+    timestamp   Timestamp   TimestampArray      Timestamp       Timestamp           y
+    timestamptz Timestamptz TimestamptzArray    Timestamptz     Timestamptz         y
+    interval    Interval    IntervalArray       Interval        Interval            y
+    varchar     Varchar     Utf8Array           Box<str>        &str                _
+    bytea       Bytea       BytesArray          Box<[u8]>       &[u8]               _
+    jsonb       Jsonb       JsonbArray          JsonbVal        JsonbRef<'_>        _
+    anyarray    List        ListArray           ListValue       ListRef<'_>         _
+    struct      Struct      StructArray         StructValue     StructRef<'_>       _
+    any         ???         ArrayImpl           ScalarImpl      ScalarRefImpl<'_>   _
 ";
 
 /// Maps a data type to its corresponding data type name.
 pub fn data_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
-    // XXX:
-    // For functions that contain `any` type, or `...` variable arguments,
-    // there are special handlings in the frontend, and the signature won't be accessed.
-    // So we simply return a placeholder here.
-    if ty == "any" || ty == "..." {
-        return "Int32";
-    }
     lookup_matrix(ty, 1)
 }
 
-/// Maps a data type to its corresponding variant name.
-pub fn variant(ty: &str) -> &str {
-    lookup_matrix(ty, 2)
-}
-
 /// Maps a data type to its corresponding array type name.
 pub fn array_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
-    if ty == "any" {
-        return "ArrayImpl";
-    }
-    lookup_matrix(ty, 3)
+    lookup_matrix(ty, 2)
 }
 
 /// Maps a data type to its corresponding `Scalar` type name.
 pub fn owned_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
-    lookup_matrix(ty, 4)
+    lookup_matrix(ty, 3)
 }
 
 /// Maps a data type to its corresponding `ScalarRef` type name.
 pub fn ref_type(ty: &str) -> &str {
-    lookup_matrix(ty, 5)
+    lookup_matrix(ty, 4)
 }
 
 /// Checks if a data type is primitive.
 pub fn is_primitive(ty: &str) -> bool {
-    lookup_matrix(ty, 6) == "y"
+    lookup_matrix(ty, 5) == "y"
 }
 
 fn lookup_matrix(mut ty: &str, idx: usize) -> &str {
     if ty.ends_with("[]") {
-        ty = "list";
+        ty = "anyarray";
     } else if ty.starts_with("struct") {
         ty = "struct";
     } else if ty == "void" {
@@ -105,6 +91,7 @@ pub fn expand_type_wildcard(ty: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
             .trim()
             .lines()
             .map(|l| l.split_whitespace().next().unwrap())
+            .filter(|l| *l != "any")
             .collect(),
         "*int" => vec!["int2", "int4", "int8"],
         "*float" => vec!["float4", "float8"],
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
index 26faf08c19bb3..bb7f8b95cc9ff 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/struct_query.yaml
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
     Bind error: failed to bind expression: (country + country)
 
     Caused by:
-      Feature is not yet implemented: Add[Struct, Struct]
+      Feature is not yet implemented: Add[Struct(StructType { field_names: ["address", "zipcode"], field_types: [Varchar, Varchar] }), Struct(StructType { field_names: ["address", "zipcode"], field_types: [Varchar, Varchar] })]
     Tracking issue: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/112
   create_source:
     format: plain
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
index f5633f95ee332..c9fe56b841290 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/agg_call.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 
 use super::{Expr, ExprImpl, Literal, OrderBy};
 use crate::utils::Condition;
@@ -70,11 +70,6 @@ impl AggCall {
 
             // min/max allowed for all types except for bool and jsonb (#7981)
             (AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max, [DataType::Jsonb]) => return Err(err()),
-            // may return list or struct type
-            (AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max | AggKind::FirstValue | AggKind::LastValue, [input]) => {
-                input.clone()
-            }
-            (AggKind::ArrayAgg, [input]) => List(Box::new(input.clone())),
             // functions that are rewritten in the frontend and don't exist in the expr crate
             (AggKind::Avg, [input]) => match input {
                 Int16 | Int32 | Int64 | Decimal => Decimal,
@@ -90,21 +85,9 @@ impl AggCall {
                 Float32 | Float64 | Int256 => Float64,
                 _ => return Err(err()),
             },
-            // Ordered-Set Aggregation
-            (AggKind::PercentileCont, [input]) => match input {
-                Float64 => Float64,
-                _ => return Err(err()),
-            },
-            (AggKind::PercentileDisc | AggKind::Mode, [input]) => input.clone(),
             (AggKind::Grouping, _) => Int32,
             // other functions are handled by signature map
-            _ => {
-                let args = args.iter().map(|t| t.into()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                return match AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP.get_return_type(agg_kind, &args) {
-                    Some(t) => Ok(t.into()),
-                    None => Err(err()),
-                };
-            }
+            _ => FUNCTION_REGISTRY.get_return_type(agg_kind, args)?,
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
index 71efe8063c7a5..f5e618892fc5e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_call.rs
@@ -211,15 +211,6 @@ impl FunctionCall {
         match expr_type {
             ExprType::Some | ExprType::All => {
                 let return_type = infer_some_all(func_types, &mut inputs)?;
-
-                if return_type != DataType::Boolean {
-                    return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
-                        "op SOME/ANY/ALL (array) requires operator to yield boolean, but got {:?}",
-                        return_type
-                    ))
-                    .into());
-                }
-
                 Ok(FunctionCall::new_unchecked(expr_type, inputs, return_type).into())
             }
             ExprType::Not | ExprType::IsNotNull | ExprType::IsNull => Ok(FunctionCall::new(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
index 0af30ccb364f8..f7dc01e2eef35 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::iter::once;
-
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use futures::FutureExt;
@@ -68,8 +66,8 @@ pub use session_timezone::SessionTimezone;
 pub use subquery::{Subquery, SubqueryKind};
 pub use table_function::{TableFunction, TableFunctionType};
 pub use type_inference::{
-    agg_func_sigs, align_types, cast_map_array, cast_ok, cast_sigs, func_sigs, infer_some_all,
-    infer_type, least_restrictive, AggFuncSig, CastContext, CastSig, FuncSign,
+    align_types, cast_map_array, cast_ok, cast_sigs, infer_some_all, infer_type, least_restrictive,
+    CastContext, CastSig, FuncSign,
 };
 pub use user_defined_function::UserDefinedFunction;
 pub use utils::*;
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ impl ExprImpl {
     /// # Panics
     /// Panics if `input_ref >= input_col_num`.
     pub fn collect_input_refs(&self, input_col_num: usize) -> FixedBitSet {
-        collect_input_refs(input_col_num, once(self))
+        collect_input_refs(input_col_num, [self])
     }
 
     /// Check if the expression has no side effects and output is deterministic
@@ -254,6 +252,11 @@ impl ExprImpl {
         FunctionCall::cast_mut(self, target, CastContext::Implicit)
     }
 
+    /// Shorthand to inplace cast expr to `target` type in explicit context.
+    pub fn cast_explicit_mut(&mut self, target: DataType) -> Result<(), CastError> {
+        FunctionCall::cast_mut(self, target, CastContext::Explicit)
+    }
+
     /// Ensure the return type of this expression is an array of some type.
     pub fn ensure_array_type(&self) -> Result<(), ErrorCode> {
         if self.is_untyped() {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/table_function.rs
index 6b01ca2bc98cb..dfb028d605705 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/table_function.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::table_function::FUNC_SIG_MAP;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 pub use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType as TableFunctionType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{
     TableFunction as TableFunctionPb, UserDefinedTableFunction as UserDefinedTableFunctionPb,
@@ -44,20 +43,10 @@ impl TableFunction {
     /// Create a `TableFunction` expr with the return type inferred from `func_type` and types of
     /// `inputs`.
     pub fn new(func_type: TableFunctionType, args: Vec<ExprImpl>) -> RwResult<Self> {
-        let arg_types = args.iter().map(|c| c.return_type()).collect_vec();
-        let signature = FUNC_SIG_MAP
-            .get(
-                func_type,
-                &args.iter().map(|c| c.return_type().into()).collect_vec(),
-            )
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
-                    "table function not found: {:?}({})",
-                    func_type,
-                    arg_types.iter().map(|t| format!("{:?}", t)).join(", "),
-                ))
-            })?;
-        let return_type = (signature.type_infer)(&arg_types)?;
+        let return_type = FUNCTION_REGISTRY.get_return_type(
+            func_type,
+            &args.iter().map(|c| c.return_type()).collect_vec(),
+        )?;
         Ok(TableFunction {
             args,
             return_type,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/cast.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/cast.rs
index b7e3749236f9f..b941732a2a720 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/cast.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/cast.rs
@@ -111,11 +111,13 @@ pub fn align_array_and_element(
 pub fn cast_ok(source: &DataType, target: &DataType, allows: CastContext) -> bool {
     cast_ok_struct(source, target, allows)
         || cast_ok_array(source, target, allows)
-        || cast_ok_base(source.into(), target.into(), allows)
+        || cast_ok_base(source, target, allows)
 }
 
-pub fn cast_ok_base(source: DataTypeName, target: DataTypeName, allows: CastContext) -> bool {
-    matches!(CAST_MAP.get(&(source, target)), Some(context) if *context <= allows)
+/// Checks whether casting from `source` to `target` is ok in `allows` context.
+/// Both `source` and `target` must be base types, i.e. not struct or array.
+pub fn cast_ok_base(source: &DataType, target: &DataType, allows: CastContext) -> bool {
+    matches!(CAST_MAP.get(&(source.into(), target.into())), Some(context) if *context <= allows)
 }
 
 fn cast_ok_struct(source: &DataType, target: &DataType, allows: CastContext) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index 69be8376b46ca..2e7eebf42362f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 
 use itertools::Itertools as _;
 use num_integer::Integer as _;
-use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, StructType};
+use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, StructType};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-pub use risingwave_expr::sig::func::*;
+pub use risingwave_expr::sig::*;
 
 use super::{align_types, cast_ok_base, CastContext};
 use crate::expr::type_inference::cast::align_array_and_element;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::expr::{cast_ok, is_row_function, Expr as _, ExprImpl, ExprType, Funct
 /// is not supported on backend.
 ///
 /// It also mutates the `inputs` by adding necessary casts.
-pub fn infer_type(func_type: ExprType, inputs: &mut Vec<ExprImpl>) -> Result<DataType> {
+pub fn infer_type(func_type: ExprType, inputs: &mut [ExprImpl]) -> Result<DataType> {
     if let Some(res) = infer_type_for_special(func_type, inputs).transpose() {
         return res;
     }
@@ -36,30 +36,28 @@ pub fn infer_type(func_type: ExprType, inputs: &mut Vec<ExprImpl>) -> Result<Dat
         .iter()
         .map(|e| match e.is_untyped() {
             true => None,
-            false => Some(e.return_type().into()),
+            false => Some(e.return_type()),
         })
         .collect_vec();
-    let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNC_SIG_MAP, func_type, &actuals)?;
-    let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
-    *inputs = inputs_owned
-        .into_iter()
-        .zip_eq_fast(sig.inputs_type)
-        .map(|(expr, t)| {
-            if expr.is_untyped() || DataTypeName::from(expr.return_type()) != *t {
-                if t.is_scalar() {
-                    return expr.cast_implicit((*t).into()).map_err(Into::into);
-                } else {
-                    return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
-                        "Cannot implicitly cast '{:?}' to polymorphic type {:?}",
-                        &expr, t
-                    ))
-                    .into());
-                }
+    let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNCTION_REGISTRY, func_type, &actuals)?;
+
+    // add implicit casts to inputs
+    for (expr, t) in inputs.iter_mut().zip_eq_fast(&sig.inputs_type) {
+        if expr.is_untyped() || !t.matches(&expr.return_type()) {
+            if let SigDataType::Exact(t) = t {
+                expr.cast_implicit_mut(t.clone())?;
+            } else {
+                return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+                    "Cannot implicitly cast '{expr:?}' to polymorphic type {t:?}",
+                ))
+                .into());
             }
-            Ok(expr)
-        })
-        .try_collect::<_, _, RwError>()?;
-    Ok(sig.ret_type.into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    let input_types = inputs.iter().map(|expr| expr.return_type()).collect_vec();
+    let return_type = (sig.type_infer)(&input_types)?;
+    Ok(return_type)
 }
 
 pub fn infer_some_all(
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ pub fn infer_some_all(
     let element_type = if inputs[1].is_untyped() {
         None
     } else if let DataType::List(datatype) = inputs[1].return_type() {
-        Some(DataTypeName::from(*datatype))
+        Some(*datatype)
     } else {
         return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
             "op SOME/ANY/ALL (array) requires array on right side".to_string(),
@@ -79,37 +77,38 @@ pub fn infer_some_all(
 
     let final_type = func_types.pop().unwrap();
     let actuals = vec![
-        (!inputs[0].is_untyped()).then_some(inputs[0].return_type().into()),
-        element_type,
+        (!inputs[0].is_untyped()).then_some(inputs[0].return_type()),
+        element_type.clone(),
     ];
-    let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNC_SIG_MAP, final_type, &actuals)?;
-    if DataTypeName::from(inputs[0].return_type()) != sig.inputs_type[0] {
-        if matches!(
-            sig.inputs_type[0],
-            DataTypeName::List | DataTypeName::Struct
-        ) {
+    let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNCTION_REGISTRY, final_type, &actuals)?;
+    if sig.ret_type != DataType::Boolean.into() {
+        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+            "op SOME/ANY/ALL (array) requires operator to yield boolean, but got {}",
+            sig.ret_type
+        ))
+        .into());
+    }
+    if !sig.inputs_type[0].matches(&inputs[0].return_type()) {
+        let SigDataType::Exact(t) = &sig.inputs_type[0] else {
             return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
                 "array of array/struct on right are not supported yet".into(),
             )
             .into());
-        }
-        inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(sig.inputs_type[0].into())?;
+        };
+        inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(t.clone())?;
     }
-    if element_type != Some(sig.inputs_type[1]) {
-        if matches!(
-            sig.inputs_type[1],
-            DataTypeName::List | DataTypeName::Struct
-        ) {
+    if !matches!(&element_type, Some(e) if sig.inputs_type[1].matches(e)) {
+        let SigDataType::Exact(t) = &sig.inputs_type[1] else {
             return Err(
                 ErrorCode::BindError("array/struct on left are not supported yet".into()).into(),
             );
-        }
-        inputs[1].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::List(Box::new(sig.inputs_type[1].into())))?;
+        };
+        inputs[1].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::List(Box::new(t.clone())))?;
     }
 
     let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
     let mut func_call =
-        FunctionCall::new_unchecked(final_type, inputs_owned, sig.ret_type.into()).into();
+        FunctionCall::new_unchecked(final_type, inputs_owned, DataType::Boolean).into();
     while let Some(func_type) = func_types.pop() {
         func_call = FunctionCall::new(func_type, vec![func_call])?.into();
     }
@@ -273,17 +272,17 @@ fn infer_struct_cast_target_type(
         (NestedType::Infer(l), NestedType::Infer(r)) => {
             // Both sides are *unknown*, using the sig_map to infer the return type.
             let actuals = vec![None, None];
-            let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNC_SIG_MAP, func_type, &actuals)?;
+            let sig = infer_type_name(&FUNCTION_REGISTRY, func_type, &actuals)?;
             Ok((
                 sig.ret_type != l.into(),
                 sig.ret_type != r.into(),
-                sig.ret_type.into(),
+                sig.ret_type.as_exact().clone(),
             ))
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Special exprs that cannot be handled by [`infer_type_name`] and [`FuncSigMap`] are handled here.
+/// Special exprs that cannot be handled by [`infer_type_name`] and [`FunctionRegistry`] are handled here.
 /// These include variadic functions, list and struct type, as well as non-implicit cast.
 ///
 /// We should aim for enhancing the general inferring framework and reduce the special cases here.
@@ -294,7 +293,7 @@ fn infer_struct_cast_target_type(
 /// * `Ok(None)` when no special rule matches and it should try general rules later
 fn infer_type_for_special(
     func_type: ExprType,
-    inputs: &mut Vec<ExprImpl>,
+    inputs: &mut [ExprImpl],
 ) -> Result<Option<DataType>> {
     match func_type {
         ExprType::Case => {
@@ -321,55 +320,31 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
         }
         ExprType::ConcatWs => {
             ensure_arity!("concat_ws", 2 <= | inputs |);
-            let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
-            *inputs = inputs_owned
-                .into_iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(i, input)| match i {
-                    // 0-th arg must be string
-                    0 => input.cast_implicit(DataType::Varchar).map_err(Into::into),
-                    // subsequent can be any type, using the output format
-                    _ => input.cast_output(),
-                })
-                .try_collect()?;
+            // 0-th arg must be string
+            inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
+            for input in inputs.iter_mut().skip(1) {
+                // subsequent can be any type, using the output format
+                let owned = input.take();
+                *input = owned.cast_output()?;
+            }
             Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
         }
         ExprType::ConcatOp => {
-            let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
-            *inputs = inputs_owned
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|input| input.cast_explicit(DataType::Varchar))
-                .try_collect()?;
+            for input in inputs {
+                input.cast_explicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
+            }
             Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
         }
         ExprType::Format => {
             ensure_arity!("format", 1 <= | inputs |);
-            let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
-            *inputs = inputs_owned
-                .into_iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(i, input)| match i {
-                    // 0-th arg must be string
-                    0 => input.cast_implicit(DataType::Varchar).map_err(Into::into),
-                    // subsequent can be any type, using the output format
-                    _ => input.cast_output(),
-                })
-                .try_collect()?;
-            Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
-        }
-        ExprType::IsNotNull => {
-            ensure_arity!("is_not_null", | inputs | == 1);
-            match inputs[0].return_type() {
-                DataType::Struct(_) | DataType::List { .. } => Ok(Some(DataType::Boolean)),
-                _ => Ok(None),
-            }
-        }
-        ExprType::IsNull => {
-            ensure_arity!("is_null", | inputs | == 1);
-            match inputs[0].return_type() {
-                DataType::Struct(_) | DataType::List { .. } => Ok(Some(DataType::Boolean)),
-                _ => Ok(None),
+            // 0-th arg must be string
+            inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
+            for input in inputs.iter_mut().skip(1) {
+                // subsequent can be any type, using the output format
+                let owned = input.take();
+                *input = owned.cast_output()?;
             }
+            Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
         }
         ExprType::Equal
         | ExprType::NotEqual
@@ -431,15 +406,6 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
                 .into())
             }
         }
-        ExprType::RegexpMatch => {
-            ensure_arity!("regexp_match", 2 <= | inputs | <= 3);
-            inputs[0].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
-            inputs[1].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
-            if let Some(flags) = inputs.get_mut(2) {
-                flags.cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Varchar)?;
-            }
-            Ok(Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar))))
-        }
         ExprType::ArrayCat => {
             ensure_arity!("array_cat", | inputs | == 2);
             let left_type = (!inputs[0].is_untyped()).then(|| inputs[0].return_type());
@@ -451,11 +417,9 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
                     // when neither type is available, default to `varchar[]`
                     // when one side is unknown and other side is list, use that list type
                     let t = t.unwrap_or_else(|| DataType::List(DataType::Varchar.into()));
-                    let inputs_owned = std::mem::take(inputs);
-                    *inputs = inputs_owned
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|e| e.cast_implicit(t.clone()))
-                        .try_collect()?;
+                    for input in &mut *inputs {
+                        input.cast_implicit_mut(t.clone())?;
+                    }
                     Some(t)
                 }
                 (Some(DataType::List(_)), Some(DataType::List(_))) => {
@@ -557,24 +521,6 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
                 .into()),
             }
         }
-        ExprType::ArrayDistinct => {
-            ensure_arity!("array_distinct", | inputs | == 1);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type()))
-        }
-        ExprType::ArrayMin => {
-            ensure_arity!("array_min", | inputs | == 1);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone()))
-        }
-        ExprType::ArraySort => {
-            ensure_arity!("array_sort", | inputs | == 1);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type()))
-        }
         ExprType::ArrayDims => {
             ensure_arity!("array_dims", | inputs | == 1);
             inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
@@ -587,44 +533,6 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
             }
             Ok(Some(DataType::Varchar))
         }
-        ExprType::ArrayMax => {
-            ensure_arity!("array_max", | inputs | == 1);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone()))
-        }
-        ExprType::ArraySum => {
-            ensure_arity!("array_sum", | inputs | == 1);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            let return_type = match inputs[0].return_type().as_list().clone() {
-                DataType::Int16 | DataType::Int32 => DataType::Int64,
-                DataType::Int64 | DataType::Decimal => DataType::Decimal,
-                DataType::Float32 => DataType::Float32,
-                DataType::Float64 => DataType::Float64,
-                DataType::Interval => DataType::Interval,
-                _ => return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidParameterValue("".to_string()).into()),
-            };
-
-            Ok(Some(return_type))
-        }
-        ExprType::StringToArray => {
-            ensure_arity!("string_to_array", 2 <= | inputs | <= 3);
-
-            if !inputs.iter().all(|e| e.return_type() == DataType::Varchar) {
-                return Ok(None);
-            }
-
-            Ok(Some(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar))))
-        }
-        ExprType::TrimArray => {
-            ensure_arity!("trim_array", | inputs | == 2);
-            inputs[0].ensure_array_type()?;
-
-            inputs[1].cast_implicit_mut(DataType::Int32)?;
-
-            Ok(Some(inputs[0].return_type()))
-        }
         ExprType::Vnode => {
             ensure_arity!("vnode", 1 <= | inputs |);
             Ok(Some(DataType::Int16))
@@ -653,22 +561,24 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
 /// 5. Attempt to narrow down candidates by assuming all arguments are same type. This covers Rule
 ///    4f in `PostgreSQL`. See [`narrow_same_type`] for details.
 fn infer_type_name<'a>(
-    sig_map: &'a FuncSigMap,
+    sig_map: &'a FunctionRegistry,
     func_type: ExprType,
-    inputs: &[Option<DataTypeName>],
+    inputs: &[Option<DataType>],
 ) -> Result<&'a FuncSign> {
     let candidates = sig_map.get_with_arg_nums(func_type, inputs.len());
 
     // Binary operators have a special `unknown` handling rule for exact match. We do not
     // distinguish operators from functions as of now.
     if inputs.len() == 2 {
-        let t = match (inputs[0], inputs[1]) {
+        let t = match (&inputs[0], &inputs[1]) {
             (None, t) => Ok(t),
             (t, None) => Ok(t),
             (Some(_), Some(_)) => Err(()),
         };
         if let Ok(Some(t)) = t {
-            let exact = candidates.iter().find(|sig| sig.inputs_type == [t, t]);
+            let exact = candidates
+                .iter()
+                .find(|sig| sig.inputs_type[0].matches(t) && sig.inputs_type[1].matches(t));
             if let Some(sig) = exact {
                 return Ok(sig);
             }
@@ -710,11 +620,11 @@ fn infer_type_name<'a>(
 
 /// Checks if `t` is a preferred type in any type category, as defined by `PostgreSQL`:
 /// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalog-pg-type.html>.
-fn is_preferred(t: DataTypeName) -> bool {
-    use DataTypeName as T;
+fn is_preferred(t: &SigDataType) -> bool {
+    use DataType as T;
     matches!(
         t,
-        T::Float64 | T::Boolean | T::Varchar | T::Timestamptz | T::Interval
+        SigDataType::Exact(T::Float64 | T::Boolean | T::Varchar | T::Timestamptz | T::Interval)
     )
 }
 
@@ -724,8 +634,9 @@ fn is_preferred(t: DataTypeName) -> bool {
 ///
 /// Sometimes it is more convenient to include equality when checking whether a formal parameter can
 /// accept an actual argument. So we introduced `eq_ok` to control this behavior.
-fn implicit_ok(source: DataTypeName, target: DataTypeName, eq_ok: bool) -> bool {
-    eq_ok && source == target || cast_ok_base(source, target, CastContext::Implicit)
+fn implicit_ok(source: &DataType, target: &SigDataType, eq_ok: bool) -> bool {
+    eq_ok && target.matches(source)
+        || target.is_exact() && cast_ok_base(source, target.as_exact(), CastContext::Implicit)
 }
 
 /// Find the top `candidates` that match `inputs` on most non-null positions. This covers Rule 2,
@@ -754,10 +665,7 @@ fn implicit_ok(source: DataTypeName, target: DataTypeName, eq_ok: bool) -> bool
 /// [rule 4a src]: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/86a4dc1e6f29d1992a2afa3fac1a0b0a6e84568c/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c#L907-L947
 /// [rule 4c src]: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/86a4dc1e6f29d1992a2afa3fac1a0b0a6e84568c/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c#L1062-L1104
 /// [rule 4d src]: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/86a4dc1e6f29d1992a2afa3fac1a0b0a6e84568c/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c#L1106-L1153
-fn top_matches<'a>(
-    candidates: &[&'a FuncSign],
-    inputs: &[Option<DataTypeName>],
-) -> Vec<&'a FuncSign> {
+fn top_matches<'a>(candidates: &[&'a FuncSign], inputs: &[Option<DataType>]) -> Vec<&'a FuncSign> {
     let mut best_exact = 0;
     let mut best_preferred = 0;
     let mut best_candidates = Vec::new();
@@ -768,13 +676,13 @@ fn top_matches<'a>(
         let mut castable = true;
         for (formal, actual) in sig.inputs_type.iter().zip_eq_fast(inputs) {
             let Some(actual) = actual else { continue };
-            if formal == actual {
+            if formal.matches(actual) {
                 n_exact += 1;
-            } else if !implicit_ok(*actual, *formal, false) {
+            } else if !implicit_ok(actual, formal, false) {
                 castable = false;
                 break;
             }
-            if is_preferred(*formal) {
+            if is_preferred(formal) {
                 n_preferred += 1;
             }
         }
@@ -816,9 +724,9 @@ fn top_matches<'a>(
 /// [rule 4e src]: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/86a4dc1e6f29d1992a2afa3fac1a0b0a6e84568c/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c#L1164-L1298
 fn narrow_category<'a>(
     candidates: Vec<&'a FuncSign>,
-    inputs: &[Option<DataTypeName>],
+    inputs: &[Option<DataType>],
 ) -> Vec<&'a FuncSign> {
-    const BIASED_TYPE: DataTypeName = DataTypeName::Varchar;
+    const BIASED_TYPE: SigDataType = SigDataType::Exact(DataType::Varchar);
     let Ok(categories) = inputs
         .iter()
         .enumerate()
@@ -835,21 +743,21 @@ fn narrow_category<'a>(
             if actual.is_some() {
                 return Ok(None);
             }
-            let mut category = Ok(candidates[0].inputs_type[i]);
+            let mut category = Ok(&candidates[0].inputs_type[i]);
             for sig in &candidates[1..] {
-                let formal = sig.inputs_type[i];
-                if formal == BIASED_TYPE || category == Ok(BIASED_TYPE) {
-                    category = Ok(BIASED_TYPE);
+                let formal = &sig.inputs_type[i];
+                if formal == &BIASED_TYPE || category == Ok(&BIASED_TYPE) {
+                    category = Ok(&BIASED_TYPE);
                     break;
                 }
                 // formal != BIASED_TYPE && category.is_err():
                 // - Category conflict err can only be solved by a later varchar. Skip this
                 //   candidate.
-                let Ok(selected) = category else { continue };
+                let Ok(selected) = &category else { continue };
                 // least_restrictive or mark temporary conflict err
-                if implicit_ok(formal, selected, true) {
+                if formal.is_exact() && implicit_ok(formal.as_exact(), selected, true) {
                     // noop
-                } else if implicit_ok(selected, formal, false) {
+                } else if selected.is_exact() && implicit_ok(selected.as_exact(), formal, false) {
                     category = Ok(formal);
                 } else {
                     category = Err(());
@@ -874,8 +782,10 @@ fn narrow_category<'a>(
                     let Some(selected) = category else {
                         return true;
                     };
-                    *formal == *selected
-                        || !is_preferred(*selected) && implicit_ok(*formal, *selected, false)
+                    formal == *selected
+                        || !is_preferred(selected)
+                            && formal.is_exact()
+                            && implicit_ok(formal.as_exact(), selected, false)
                 })
         })
         .copied()
@@ -907,12 +817,12 @@ fn narrow_category<'a>(
 /// [Rule 2]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/typeconv-oper.html#:~:text=then%20assume%20it%20is%20the%20same%20type%20as%20the%20other%20argument%20for%20this%20check
 fn narrow_same_type<'a>(
     candidates: Vec<&'a FuncSign>,
-    inputs: &[Option<DataTypeName>],
+    inputs: &[Option<DataType>],
 ) -> Vec<&'a FuncSign> {
     let Ok(Some(same_type)) = inputs.iter().try_fold(None, |acc, cur| match (acc, cur) {
-        (None, t) => Ok(*t),
+        (None, t) => Ok(t.as_ref()),
         (t, None) => Ok(t),
-        (Some(l), Some(r)) if l == *r => Ok(Some(l)),
+        (Some(l), Some(r)) if l == r => Ok(Some(l)),
         _ => Err(()),
     }) else {
         return candidates;
@@ -922,7 +832,7 @@ fn narrow_same_type<'a>(
         .filter(|sig| {
             sig.inputs_type
                 .iter()
-                .all(|formal| implicit_ok(same_type, *formal, true))
+                .all(|formal| implicit_ok(same_type, formal, true))
         })
         .copied()
         .collect_vec();
@@ -932,7 +842,7 @@ fn narrow_same_type<'a>(
     }
 }
 
-struct TypeDebug<'a>(&'a Option<DataTypeName>);
+struct TypeDebug<'a>(&'a Option<DataType>);
 impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for TypeDebug<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self.0 {
@@ -967,7 +877,7 @@ mod tests {
                 )
                 .into()
             })
-            .collect();
+            .collect_vec();
         infer_type(func_type, &mut inputs)
     }
 
@@ -1108,10 +1018,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_match_implicit() {
-        use DataTypeName as T;
-        // func_name and ret_type does not affect the overload resolution logic
-        const DUMMY_FUNC: ExprType = ExprType::Add;
-        const DUMMY_RET: T = T::Int32;
+        use DataType as T;
         let testcases = [
             (
                 "Binary special rule prefers arguments of same type.",
@@ -1213,21 +1120,28 @@ mod tests {
             ),
         ];
         for (desc, candidates, inputs, expected) in testcases {
-            let mut sig_map = FuncSigMap::default();
+            let mut sig_map = FunctionRegistry::default();
             for formals in candidates {
                 sig_map.insert(FuncSign {
-                    func: DUMMY_FUNC,
-                    inputs_type: formals,
+                    // func_name does not affect the overload resolution logic
+                    name: ExprType::Add.into(),
+                    inputs_type: formals.iter().map(|t| t.clone().into()).collect(),
                     variadic: false,
-                    ret_type: DUMMY_RET,
-                    build: |_, _| unreachable!(),
+                    // ret_type does not affect the overload resolution logic
+                    ret_type: T::Int32.into(),
+                    build: FuncBuilder::Scalar(|_, _| unreachable!()),
+                    type_infer: |_| unreachable!(),
                     deprecated: false,
+                    state_type: None,
+                    append_only: false,
                 });
             }
-            let result = infer_type_name(&sig_map, DUMMY_FUNC, inputs);
+            let result = infer_type_name(&sig_map, ExprType::Add, inputs);
             match (expected, result) {
                 (Ok(expected), Ok(found)) => {
-                    assert_eq!(expected, found.inputs_type, "case `{}`", desc)
+                    if !found.match_args(expected) {
+                        panic!("case `{}` expect {:?} != found {:?}", desc, expected, found)
+                    }
                 }
                 (Ok(_), Err(err)) => panic!("case `{}` unexpected error: {:?}", desc, err),
                 (Err(_), Ok(f)) => panic!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/mod.rs
index 8135787ea7cdd..08007b14a2751 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/mod.rs
@@ -21,5 +21,4 @@ pub use cast::{
     align_types, cast_map_array, cast_ok, cast_ok_base, cast_sigs, least_restrictive, CastContext,
     CastSig,
 };
-pub use func::{func_sigs, infer_some_all, infer_type, FuncSign};
-pub use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::{agg_func_sigs, AggFuncSig};
+pub use func::{infer_some_all, infer_type, FuncSign};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 999c56de521a9..107eec5e51b01 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, ColumnOrderDisplay, OrderType};
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumToProtoExt;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{agg_kinds, AggKind};
-use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::{PbAggCall, PbConstant};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{agg_call_state, AggCallState as AggCallStatePb};
 
@@ -488,15 +488,15 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
             .iter()
             .zip_eq_fast(&mut out_fields[self.group_key.len()..])
         {
-            let sig = AGG_FUNC_SIG_MAP
-                .get(
+            let sig = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+                .get_aggregate(
                     agg_call.agg_kind,
                     &agg_call
                         .inputs
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|input| (&input.data_type).into())
+                        .map(|input| input.data_type.clone())
                         .collect_vec(),
-                    (&agg_call.return_type).into(),
+                    &agg_call.return_type,
                     in_append_only,
                 )
                 .expect("agg not found");
@@ -505,7 +505,10 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                 // for backward compatibility, the state type is same as the return type.
                 // its values in the intermediate state table are always null.
             } else {
-                field.data_type = sig.state_type.into();
+                field.data_type = sig
+                    .state_type
+                    .clone()
+                    .unwrap_or(sig.ret_type.as_exact().clone());
             }
         }
         let in_dist_key = self.input.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
index f26c37b4bd619..c42eb6c7b0ffc 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/agg.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use rand::Rng;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::SigDataType;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     Expr, Function, FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr, Ident, ObjectName, OrderByExpr,
 };
@@ -30,13 +31,12 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
             Some(funcs) => funcs,
         };
         let func = funcs.choose(&mut self.rng).unwrap();
-        if matches!(
-            (func.func, func.inputs_type.as_slice()),
-            (
-                AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max,
-                [DataType::Boolean | DataType::Jsonb]
+        if matches!(func.name.as_aggregate(), AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max)
+            && matches!(
+                func.ret_type,
+                SigDataType::Exact(DataType::Boolean | DataType::Jsonb)
             )
-        ) {
+        {
             return self.gen_simple_scalar(ret);
         }
 
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
         let exprs: Vec<Expr> = func
             .inputs_type
             .iter()
-            .map(|t| self.gen_expr(t, context))
+            .map(|t| self.gen_expr(t.as_exact(), context))
             .collect();
 
         // DISTINCT now only works with agg kinds except `ApproxCountDistinct`, and with at least
         // one argument and only the first being non-constant. See `Binder::bind_normal_agg`
         // for more details.
-        let distinct_allowed = func.func != AggKind::ApproxCountDistinct
+        let distinct_allowed = func.name.as_aggregate() != AggKind::ApproxCountDistinct
             && !exprs.is_empty()
             && exprs.iter().skip(1).all(|e| matches!(e, Expr::Value(_)));
         let distinct = distinct_allowed && self.flip_coin();
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
         } else {
             vec![]
         };
-        self.make_agg_expr(func.func, &exprs, distinct, filter, order_by)
+        self.make_agg_expr(func.name.as_aggregate(), &exprs, distinct, filter, order_by)
             .unwrap_or_else(|| self.gen_simple_scalar(ret))
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/expr.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/expr.rs
index f9772c97d4b5c..9999dcd9ea641 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/expr.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/expr.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use rand::Rng;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName, StructType};
-use risingwave_frontend::expr::{agg_func_sigs, cast_sigs, func_sigs};
+use risingwave_expr::sig::cast::cast_sigs;
+use risingwave_expr::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{Expr, Ident, OrderByExpr, Value};
 
 use crate::sql_gen::types::data_type_to_ast_data_type;
@@ -302,29 +303,25 @@ pub(crate) fn sql_null() -> Expr {
 // Add variadic function signatures. Can add these functions
 // to a FUNC_TABLE too.
 pub fn print_function_table() -> String {
-    let func_str = func_sigs()
+    let func_str = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_scalars()
         .map(|sign| {
             format!(
-                "{:?}({}) -> {:?}",
-                sign.func,
-                sign.inputs_type
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|arg| format!("{:?}", arg))
-                    .join(", "),
+                "{}({}) -> {}",
+                sign.name,
+                sign.inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
                 sign.ret_type,
             )
         })
         .join("\n");
 
-    let agg_func_str = agg_func_sigs()
+    let agg_func_str = FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_aggregates()
         .map(|sign| {
             format!(
-                "{:?}({}) -> {:?}",
-                sign.func,
-                sign.inputs_type
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|arg| format!("{:?}", arg))
-                    .join(", "),
+                "{}({}) -> {}",
+                sign.name,
+                sign.inputs_type.iter().format(", "),
                 sign.ret_type,
             )
         })
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
index 6af491bd8a64d..3583b820f1204 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
@@ -127,30 +127,30 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
             Some(funcs) => funcs,
         };
         let func = funcs.choose(&mut self.rng).unwrap();
-        let can_implicit_cast = INVARIANT_FUNC_SET.contains(&func.func);
+        let can_implicit_cast = INVARIANT_FUNC_SET.contains(&func.name.as_scalar());
         let exprs: Vec<Expr> = func
             .inputs_type
             .iter()
             .map(|t| {
-                if let Some(from_tys) = IMPLICIT_CAST_TABLE.get(t)
+                if let Some(from_tys) = IMPLICIT_CAST_TABLE.get(t.as_exact())
                     && can_implicit_cast
                     && self.flip_coin()
                 {
                     let from_ty = &from_tys.choose(&mut self.rng).unwrap().from_type;
                     self.gen_implicit_cast(from_ty, context)
                 } else {
-                    self.gen_expr(t, context)
+                    self.gen_expr(t.as_exact(), context)
                 }
             })
             .collect();
         let expr = if exprs.len() == 1 {
-            make_unary_op(func.func, &exprs[0])
+            make_unary_op(func.name.as_scalar(), &exprs[0])
         } else if exprs.len() == 2 {
-            make_bin_op(func.func, &exprs)
+            make_bin_op(func.name.as_scalar(), &exprs)
         } else {
             None
         };
-        expr.or_else(|| make_general_expr(func.func, exprs))
+        expr.or_else(|| make_general_expr(func.name.as_scalar(), exprs))
             .unwrap_or_else(|| self.gen_simple_scalar(ret))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
index 57e6a64f0e93e..ea3c00e45e1da 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DataTypeName};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
-use risingwave_expr::sig::agg::{agg_func_sigs, AggFuncSig as RwAggFuncSig};
 use risingwave_expr::sig::cast::{cast_sigs, CastContext, CastSig as RwCastSig};
-use risingwave_expr::sig::func::{func_sigs, FuncSign as RwFuncSig};
+use risingwave_expr::sig::{FuncSign, FUNCTION_REGISTRY};
 use risingwave_frontend::expr::ExprType;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{BinaryOperator, DataType as AstDataType, StructField};
 
@@ -104,66 +103,6 @@ impl TryFrom<RwCastSig> for CastSig {
     }
 }
 
-/// Provide internal `FuncSig` which can be used for `struct` and `list`.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FuncSig {
-    pub func: ExprType,
-    pub inputs_type: Vec<DataType>,
-    pub ret_type: DataType,
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&RwFuncSig> for FuncSig {
-    type Error = String;
-
-    fn try_from(value: &RwFuncSig) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if let Some(inputs_type) = value
-            .inputs_type
-            .iter()
-            .map(data_type_name_to_ast_data_type)
-            .collect()
-            && let Some(ret_type) = data_type_name_to_ast_data_type(&value.ret_type)
-        {
-            Ok(FuncSig {
-                inputs_type,
-                ret_type,
-                func: value.func,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("unsupported func sig: {:?}", value))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Provide internal `AggFuncSig` which can be used for `struct` and `list`.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AggFuncSig {
-    pub func: AggKind,
-    pub inputs_type: Vec<DataType>,
-    pub ret_type: DataType,
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&RwAggFuncSig> for AggFuncSig {
-    type Error = String;
-
-    fn try_from(value: &RwAggFuncSig) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if let Some(inputs_type) = value
-            .inputs_type
-            .iter()
-            .map(data_type_name_to_ast_data_type)
-            .collect()
-            && let Some(ret_type) = data_type_name_to_ast_data_type(&value.ret_type)
-        {
-            Ok(AggFuncSig {
-                inputs_type,
-                ret_type,
-                func: value.func,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("unsupported agg_func sig: {:?}", value))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Function ban list.
 /// These functions should be generated eventually, by adding expression constraints.
 /// If we naively generate arguments for these functions, it will affect sqlsmith
@@ -178,26 +117,35 @@ static FUNC_BAN_LIST: LazyLock<HashSet<ExprType>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 
 /// Table which maps functions' return types to possible function signatures.
 // ENABLE: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/5826
-pub(crate) static FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<FuncSig>>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let mut funcs = HashMap::<DataType, Vec<FuncSig>>::new();
-    func_sigs()
-        .filter(|func| {
-            func.inputs_type
-                .iter()
-                .all(|t| *t != DataTypeName::Timestamptz)
-                && !FUNC_BAN_LIST.contains(&func.func)
-                && !func.deprecated // deprecated functions are not accepted by frontend
-        })
-        .filter_map(|func| func.try_into().ok())
-        .for_each(|func: FuncSig| funcs.entry(func.ret_type.clone()).or_default().push(func));
-    funcs
-});
+pub(crate) static FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>> =
+    LazyLock::new(|| {
+        let mut funcs = HashMap::<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>::new();
+        FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+            .iter_scalars()
+            .filter(|func| {
+                func.inputs_type.iter().all(|t| {
+                    t.is_exact()
+                        && t.as_exact() != &DataType::Timestamptz
+                        && t.as_exact() != &DataType::Serial
+                }) && func.ret_type.is_exact()
+                    && !FUNC_BAN_LIST.contains(&func.name.as_scalar())
+                    && !func.deprecated // deprecated functions are not accepted by frontend
+            })
+            .for_each(|func| {
+                funcs
+                    .entry(func.ret_type.as_exact().clone())
+                    .or_default()
+                    .push(func)
+            });
+        funcs
+    });
 
 /// Set of invariant functions
 // ENABLE: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/5826
 pub(crate) static INVARIANT_FUNC_SET: LazyLock<HashSet<ExprType>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    func_sigs()
-        .map(|sig| sig.func)
+    FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_scalars()
+        .map(|sig| sig.name.as_scalar())
         .counts()
         .into_iter()
         .filter(|(_key, count)| *count == 1)
@@ -207,14 +155,16 @@ pub(crate) static INVARIANT_FUNC_SET: LazyLock<HashSet<ExprType>> = LazyLock::ne
 
 /// Table which maps aggregate functions' return types to possible function signatures.
 // ENABLE: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/5826
-pub(crate) static AGG_FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<AggFuncSig>>> = LazyLock::new(
-    || {
-        let mut funcs = HashMap::<DataType, Vec<AggFuncSig>>::new();
-        agg_func_sigs()
+pub(crate) static AGG_FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>> =
+    LazyLock::new(|| {
+        let mut funcs = HashMap::<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>::new();
+        FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+            .iter_aggregates()
             .filter(|func| {
                 func.inputs_type
                     .iter()
-                    .all(|t| *t != DataTypeName::Timestamptz)
+                    .all(|t| t.is_exact() && t.as_exact() != &DataType::Timestamptz && t.as_exact() != &DataType::Serial)
+                    && func.ret_type.is_exact()
                     // Ignored functions
                     && ![
                         AggKind::Sum0, // Used internally
@@ -226,25 +176,23 @@ pub(crate) static AGG_FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<AggFuncSig>>> =
                         AggKind::PercentileDisc,
                         AggKind::Mode,
                     ]
-                    .contains(&func.func)
+                    .contains(&func.name.as_aggregate())
                     // Exclude 2 phase agg global sum.
                     // Sum(Int64) -> Int64.
                     // Otherwise it conflicts with normal aggregation:
                     // Sum(Int64) -> Decimal.
                     // And sqlsmith will generate expressions with wrong types.
-                    && if func.func == AggKind::Sum {
-                       !(func.inputs_type[0] == DataTypeName::Int64 && func.ret_type == DataTypeName::Int64)
+                    && if func.name.as_aggregate() == AggKind::Sum {
+                       !(func.inputs_type[0].as_exact() == &DataType::Int64 && func.ret_type.as_exact() == &DataType::Int64)
                     } else {
                        true
                     }
             })
-            .filter_map(|func| func.try_into().ok())
-            .for_each(|func: AggFuncSig| {
-                funcs.entry(func.ret_type.clone()).or_default().push(func)
+            .for_each(|func| {
+                funcs.entry(func.ret_type.as_exact().clone()).or_default().push(func)
             });
         funcs
-    },
-);
+    });
 
 /// Build a cast map from return types to viable cast-signatures.
 /// NOTE: We avoid cast from varchar to other datatypes apart from itself.
@@ -299,28 +247,24 @@ pub(crate) static BINARY_INEQUALITY_OP_TABLE: LazyLock<
     HashMap<(DataType, DataType), Vec<BinaryOperator>>,
 > = LazyLock::new(|| {
     let mut funcs = HashMap::<(DataType, DataType), Vec<BinaryOperator>>::new();
-    func_sigs()
+    FUNCTION_REGISTRY
+        .iter_scalars()
         .filter(|func| {
-            !FUNC_BAN_LIST.contains(&func.func)
-                && func.ret_type == DataTypeName::Boolean
+            !FUNC_BAN_LIST.contains(&func.name.as_scalar())
+                && func.ret_type == DataType::Boolean.into()
                 && func.inputs_type.len() == 2
                 && func
                     .inputs_type
                     .iter()
-                    .all(|t| *t != DataTypeName::Timestamptz)
+                    .all(|t| t.is_exact() && t.as_exact() != &DataType::Timestamptz)
         })
         .filter_map(|func| {
-            let Some(lhs) = data_type_name_to_ast_data_type(&func.inputs_type[0]) else {
-                return None;
-            };
-            let Some(rhs) = data_type_name_to_ast_data_type(&func.inputs_type[1]) else {
-                return None;
-            };
-            let args = (lhs, rhs);
-            let Some(op) = expr_type_to_inequality_op(func.func) else {
+            let lhs = func.inputs_type[0].as_exact().clone();
+            let rhs = func.inputs_type[1].as_exact().clone();
+            let Some(op) = expr_type_to_inequality_op(func.name.as_scalar()) else {
                 return None;
             };
-            Some((args, op))
+            Some(((lhs, rhs), op))
         })
         .for_each(|(args, op)| funcs.entry(args).or_default().push(op));
     funcs

From d6c3280cc2bc3a5f697e232af48810f13ae34de0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 08:59:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 292/430] fix(mysql-cdc): set mysql connection timezone to UTC
 (#12729)

---
 .../src/main/resources/mysql.properties                        | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
index b99c6dcf5971b..6a269dc064a57 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ table.include.list=${database.name}.${table.name}
 include.schema.changes=${debezium.include.schema.changes:-false}
 database.server.id=${server.id}
 
+# set connector timezone to UTC(+00:00)
+database.connectionTimeZone=+00:00
+
 name=${hostname}:${port}:${database.name}.${table.name}
 
 provide.transaction.metadata=${transactional:-false}

From 5bb5cceda6401e44d6b1a23854c30242d131c28b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kexiang Wang <kx.wang@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 21:48:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 293/430] chore(metrics): minor fix on metrics of stream actors
 (#12687)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 108 ++++++++----------
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 .../risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py    |  42 ++++---
 grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json        |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs           |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          |  10 +-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   |  36 ++----
 9 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 2960437dc8728..94b8102982cdb 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":""},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["last"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","query":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave component.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"bytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":6,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":[],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"avg(process_resident_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) 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index 41469a848ea4d..63e3ed095ac69 100644
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index cfbec51ffff59..0f9b1c9ebe935 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -1064,6 +1064,20 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
+                panels.timeseries_actor_ops(
+                    "Over Window Executor Cache",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_over_window_cache_lookup_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "cache lookup count - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}   {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_over_window_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "cache miss count - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}   {{instance}}",
+                        ),
+                    ]
+                ),
                 panels.timeseries_percentage(
                     "Executor Cache Miss Ratio",
                     "",
@@ -1072,42 +1086,34 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_join_lookup_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (side, join_table_id, degree_table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_join_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (side, join_table_id, degree_table_id, actor_id))",
                             "join executor cache miss ratio - - {{side}} side, join_table_id {{join_table_id}} degree_table_id {{degree_table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Agg cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_total_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Distinct agg cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream group top n cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream group top n appendonly cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_lookup_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_lookup_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream lookup cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream temporal join cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"1 - (sum(rate({metric('stream_materialize_cache_hit_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_materialize_cache_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "materialize executor cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}  {{instance}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_over_window_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_over_window_cache_lookup_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Over window cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
@@ -1152,29 +1158,11 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_count(
-                    "Join Cached Entries",
+                    "Join Cached Keys",
                     "Multiple rows with distinct primary keys may have the same join key. This metric counts the "
                     "number of join keys in the executor cache.",
                     [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_join_cached_entries')}",
-                                      "{{actor_id}} {{side}}"),
-                    ],
-                ),
-                panels.timeseries_count(
-                    "Join Cached Rows",
-                    "Multiple rows with distinct primary keys may have the same join key. This metric counts the "
-                    "number of rows in the executor cache.",
-                    [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_join_cached_rows')}",
-                                      "{{actor_id}} {{side}}"),
-                    ],
-                ),
-                panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                    "Join Cached Estimated Size",
-                    "Multiple rows with distinct primary keys may have the same join key. This metric counts the "
-                    "size of rows in the executor cache.",
-                    [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_join_cached_estimated_size')}",
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_join_cached_entry_count')}",
                                       "{{actor_id}} {{side}}"),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -1203,31 +1191,43 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     [
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "stream agg cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "stream agg total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Distinct agg cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "distinct agg cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_total_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "distinct agg total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Group top n cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "group top n cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "group top n total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Group top n appendonly cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "group top n appendonly cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "stream agg total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "group top n appendonly total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_lookup_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Lookup executor cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "lookup executor cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_lookup_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "lookup executor total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -1249,9 +1249,9 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     "Aggregation Cached Keys",
                     "The number of keys cached in each hash aggregation executor's executor cache.",
                     [
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_cached_keys')}",
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_cached_entry_count')}",
                                       "stream agg cached keys count | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
-                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_distinct_cached_keys')}",
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_agg_distinct_cached_entry_count')}",
                                       "stream agg distinct cached keys count |table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
                     ],
                 ),
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_count(
-                    "Temporal Join Cache Count",
+                    "Temporal Join Cache Keys",
                     "The number of keys cached in temporal join executor's executor cache.",
                     [
                         panels.target(f"{metric('stream_temporal_join_cached_entry_count')}",
@@ -1290,7 +1290,6 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
 
                     ],
                 ),
-
                 panels.timeseries_count(
                     "Lookup Cached Keys",
                     "The number of keys cached in lookup executor's executor cache.",
@@ -1300,24 +1299,13 @@ def section_streaming_actors(outer_panels):
 
                     ],
                 ),
-
-                panels.timeseries_actor_ops(
-                    "Over Window Executor Cache",
-                    "",
+                panels.timeseries_count(
+                    "Over Window Cached Keys",
+                    "The number of keys cached in over window executor's executor cache.",
                     [
-                        panels.target(
-                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_over_window_cached_entry_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "cached entry count - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}   {{instance}}",
-                        ),
-                        panels.target(
-                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_over_window_cache_lookup_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "cache lookup count - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}   {{instance}}",
-                        ),
-                        panels.target(
-                            f"rate({table_metric('stream_over_window_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "cache miss count - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}   {{instance}}",
-                        ),
-                    ]
+                        panels.target(f"{metric('stream_over_window_cached_entry_count')}",
+                                      "over window cached count | table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}"),
+                    ],
                 ),
             ],
         )
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 2960437dc8728..94b8102982cdb 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment 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Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table 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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
index b02da86f73ed2..c2b192c56f085 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -328,33 +328,49 @@ def section_memory(outer_panels):
                             f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
                             "Agg - cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Agg - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Distinct agg cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "Distinct agg - cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_distinct_total_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Distinct agg - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Group top n cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "Group top n - cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Group top n - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Group top n appendonly cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "Group top n appendonly - cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Group top n appendonly - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_lookup_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Lookup executor cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "Lookup executor - cache miss - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                        ),
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_lookup_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Lookup executor - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "temporal join cache miss - table_id {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            "Temporal join - cache miss - table_id {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
-                            f"rate({metric('stream_agg_lookup_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
-                            "Agg - total lookups - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
+                            f"rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
+                            "Temporal join - total lookups - table_id {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}}",
                         ),
                         panels.target(
                             f"rate({metric('stream_materialize_cache_hit_count')}[$__rate_interval])",
@@ -386,22 +402,18 @@ def section_memory(outer_panels):
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream group top n cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_group_top_n_appendonly_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream group top n appendonly cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_lookup_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_lookup_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream lookup cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"(sum(rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_cache_miss_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_temporal_join_total_query_cache_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "Stream temporal join cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} actor {{actor_id}} ",
                         ),
-
                         panels.target(
                             f"1 - (sum(rate({metric('stream_materialize_cache_hit_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id) ) / (sum(rate({metric('stream_materialize_cache_total_count')}[$__rate_interval])) by (table_id, actor_id))",
                             "materialize executor cache miss ratio - table {{table_id}} - actor {{actor_id}}  {{instance}}",
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 41469a848ea4d..63e3ed095ac69 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":false,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"group(table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id, table_name, table_type)","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"group(table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (materialized_view_id, table_id, table_name, table_type)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View 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second.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"rows/s"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":10},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["mean"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(rate(stream_source_output_rows_counts{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (source_name)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{source_name}}","metric":"","query":"sum(rate(stream_source_output_rows_counts{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (source_name)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Aggregated Source Throughput(rows/s)","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The figure shows the number of bytes read by each source per 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(source_id)(rate(partition_input_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])))/(1000*1000)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"source_id {{source_id}}","metric":"","query":"(sum by (source_id)(rate(partition_input_bytes{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])))/(1000*1000)","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Aggregated Source Throughput(MB/s)","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of rows streamed into each sink per 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diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
index a6bc1d5f7a7f4..cb62e8d8f94aa 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_agg.rs
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> HashAggExecutor<K, S> {
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc_by(std::mem::take(&mut vars.stats.total_lookup_count));
         this.metrics
-            .agg_cached_keys
+            .agg_cached_entry_count
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .set(vars.agg_group_cache.len() as i64);
         this.metrics
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index ad380a56b3da0..7aed840679c82 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -814,16 +814,8 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
 
                     // Report metrics of cached join rows/entries
                     for (side, ht) in [("left", &self.side_l.ht), ("right", &self.side_r.ht)] {
-                        // TODO(yuhao): Those two metric calculation cost too much time (>250ms).
-                        // Those will result in that barrier is always ready
-                        // in source. Since select barrier is preferred,
-                        // chunk would never be selected.
-                        // self.metrics
-                        //     .join_cached_rows
-                        //     .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, side])
-                        //     .set(ht.cached_rows() as i64);
                         self.metrics
-                            .join_cached_entries
+                            .join_cached_entry_count
                             .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, side])
                             .set(ht.entry_count() as i64);
                     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index b10c015992835..d93a9844efeff 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -81,15 +81,13 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub join_match_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub join_barrier_align_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub join_cached_entries: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub join_cached_rows: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub join_cached_estimated_size: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub join_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub join_matched_join_keys: RelabeledHistogramVec,
 
     // Streaming Aggregation
     pub agg_lookup_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_total_lookup_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub agg_cached_keys: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    pub agg_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_chunk_total_lookup_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub agg_distinct_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -454,30 +452,14 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             1,
         );
 
-        let join_cached_entries = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_join_cached_entries",
+        let join_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_join_cached_entry_count",
             "Number of cached entries in streaming join operators",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_cached_rows = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_join_cached_rows",
-            "Number of cached rows in streaming join operators",
-            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let join_cached_estimated_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_join_cached_estimated_size",
-            "Estimated size of all cached entries in streaming join operators",
-            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
         let join_matched_join_keys_opts = histogram_opts!(
             "stream_join_matched_join_keys",
             "The number of keys matched in the opposite side",
@@ -651,8 +633,8 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let agg_cached_keys = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_agg_cached_keys",
+        let agg_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "stream_agg_cached_entry_count",
             "Number of cached keys in streaming aggregation operators",
             &["table_id", "actor_id", "fragment_id"],
             registry
@@ -969,13 +951,11 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns,
             join_match_duration_ns,
             join_barrier_align_duration,
-            join_cached_entries,
-            join_cached_rows,
-            join_cached_estimated_size,
+            join_cached_entry_count,
             join_matched_join_keys,
             agg_lookup_miss_count,
             agg_total_lookup_count,
-            agg_cached_keys,
+            agg_cached_entry_count,
             agg_chunk_lookup_miss_count,
             agg_chunk_total_lookup_count,
             agg_distinct_cache_miss_count,

From 85e158c48ee1ef794c6141e35295a0b2bf804d31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 23:56:43 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 294/430] feat: support impure `DEFAULT` expressions for
 columns (#12678)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 .../basic/table_with_default_columns.slt.part | 42 +++++++++++--
 proto/plan_common.proto                       |  5 ++
 src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs     | 31 +++++-----
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs      | 60 ++++++++++---------
 src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs      | 38 +++++++-----
 5 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/table_with_default_columns.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/table_with_default_columns.slt.part
index 56a0cd7a39719..da37cd7787de1 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/table_with_default_columns.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/table_with_default_columns.slt.part
@@ -72,11 +72,45 @@ select * from t2;
 1 2
 2 2
 
-statement error db error: ERROR: QueryError: Bind error: impure default expr is not supported.
-create table tt (v1 time default now());
+# `now()` as default value
+statement ok
+alter table t2 add column v3 timestamp with time zone default now();
+
+query IT
+select v1, v3 >= date '2021-01-01' as later_than_2021 from t2;
+----
+1 t
+2 t
+
+# `now()` filled for historical data should be the same
+query II
+select max(v1), count(*) from t2 group by v3 order by v3;
+----
+2 2
 
-statement error db error: ERROR: QueryError: Bind error: impure default expr is not supported.
-alter table t2 add column v3 timestamptz default now();
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t2 values (3);
+
+# Newly inserted record should have a later timestamp
+query II
+select max(v1), count(*) from t2 group by v3 order by v3;
+----
+2 2
+3 1
+
+# Historical data can be correctly updated
+statement ok
+update t2 set v3 = '2000-01-01 00:00:00+00:00' where v1 = 1;
+
+query II
+select max(v1), count(*) from t2 group by v3 order by v3;
+----
+1 1
+2 1
+3 1
 
 statement ok
 drop table t1;
diff --git a/proto/plan_common.proto b/proto/plan_common.proto
index 24ed4c8372b86..a88242a572693 100644
--- a/proto/plan_common.proto
+++ b/proto/plan_common.proto
@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ message GeneratedColumnDesc {
 }
 
 message DefaultColumnDesc {
+  // Expression of the `DEFAULT`. Used when inserting new records.
   expr.ExprNode expr = 1;
+  // Evaluated value of the expression at the time of the table creation or the
+  // column addition. Used when filling the default value for the records where
+  // the column is missing.
+  data.Datum snapshot_value = 2;
 }
 
 message StorageTableDesc {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
index 778b43c0598f5..0fadf44ad40cf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
@@ -429,23 +429,20 @@ impl TableCatalog {
     }
 
     pub fn default_columns(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, ExprImpl)> + '_ {
-        self.columns
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .filter(|(_, c)| c.is_default())
-            .map(|(i, c)| {
-                if let GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc { expr }) =
-                    c.column_desc.generated_or_default_column.clone().unwrap()
-                {
-                    (
-                        i,
-                        ExprImpl::from_expr_proto(&expr.unwrap())
-                            .expect("expr in default columns corrupted"),
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            })
+        self.columns.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, c)| {
+            if let Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {
+                expr, ..
+            })) = c.column_desc.generated_or_default_column.as_ref()
+            {
+                Some((
+                    i,
+                    ExprImpl::from_expr_proto(expr.as_ref().unwrap())
+                        .expect("expr in default columns corrupted"),
+                ))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn has_generated_column(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
index 81f60b64702f2..19d9a2f25c4b8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
 use risingwave_common::constants::hummock::TABLE_OPTION_DUMMY_RETENTION_SECOND;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
+use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::DatumToProtoExt;
 use risingwave_connector::source::external::ExternalTableType;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::source::OptionalAssociatedTableId;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSource, PbTable, StreamSourceInfo, WatermarkDesc};
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ use super::RwPgResponse;
 use crate::binder::{bind_data_type, bind_struct_field, Clause};
 use crate::catalog::table_catalog::TableVersion;
 use crate::catalog::{check_valid_column_name, CatalogError, ColumnId};
-use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl};
+use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, InlineNowProcTime};
 use crate::handler::create_source::{
     bind_source_watermark, check_source_schema, try_bind_columns_from_source,
     validate_compatibility, UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY,
@@ -231,27 +232,8 @@ fn check_generated_column_constraints(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn check_default_column_constraints(
-    expr: &ExprImpl,
-    column_catalogs: &[ColumnCatalog],
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let input_refs = expr.collect_input_refs(column_catalogs.len());
-    if input_refs.count_ones(..) > 0 {
-        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-            "Default can not reference another column, and you should try generated column instead."
-                .to_string(),
-        )
-        .into());
-    }
-    if expr.is_impure() {
-        return Err(
-            ErrorCode::BindError("impure default expr is not supported.".to_string()).into(),
-        );
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Binds constraints that can be only specified in column definitions.
+/// Binds constraints that can be only specified in column definitions,
+/// currently generated columns and default columns.
 pub fn bind_sql_column_constraints(
     session: &SessionImpl,
     table_name: String,
@@ -307,12 +289,34 @@ pub fn bind_sql_column_constraints(
                         .bind_expr(expr)?
                         .cast_assign(column_catalogs[idx].data_type().clone())?;
 
-                    check_default_column_constraints(&expr_impl, column_catalogs)?;
-
-                    column_catalogs[idx].column_desc.generated_or_default_column =
-                        Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {
-                            expr: Some(expr_impl.to_expr_proto()),
-                        }));
+                    // Rewrite expressions to evaluate a snapshot value, used for missing values in the case of
+                    // schema change.
+                    //
+                    // TODO: Currently we don't support impure expressions other than `now()` (like `random()`),
+                    // so the rewritten expression should almost always be pure and we directly call `fold_const`
+                    // here. Actually we do not require purity of the expression here since we're only to get a
+                    // snapshot value.
+                    let rewritten_expr_impl =
+                        InlineNowProcTime::new(session.pinned_snapshot().epoch())
+                            .rewrite_expr(expr_impl.clone());
+
+                    if let Some(snapshot_value) = rewritten_expr_impl.try_fold_const() {
+                        let snapshot_value = snapshot_value?;
+
+                        column_catalogs[idx].column_desc.generated_or_default_column = Some(
+                            GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {
+                                snapshot_value: Some(snapshot_value.to_protobuf()),
+                                expr: Some(expr_impl.to_expr_proto()), /* persist the original expression */
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+                            "Default expression used in column `{}` cannot be evaluated. \
+                            Use generated columns instead if you mean to reference other columns.",
+                            column.name
+                        ))
+                        .into());
+                    }
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
index 96ff78b9aa69e..5d56cdba2d96d 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::column_aware_row_encoding::{
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::error::ValueEncodingError;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{
-    BasicSerde, BasicSerializer, EitherSerde, ValueRowDeserializer, ValueRowSerdeKind,
-    ValueRowSerializer,
+    BasicSerde, BasicSerializer, DatumFromProtoExt, EitherSerde, ValueRowDeserializer,
+    ValueRowSerdeKind, ValueRowSerializer,
 };
 use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
@@ -98,21 +98,27 @@ impl ValueRowSerdeNew for ColumnAwareSerde {
         }
 
         let column_with_default = table_columns.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, c)| {
-            if c.is_default() {
-                if let GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc { expr }) =
-                    c.generated_or_default_column.clone().unwrap()
-                {
-                    Some((
-                        i,
-                        build_from_prost(&expr.expect("expr should not be none"))
-                            .expect("build_from_prost error")
-                            .eval_row_infallible(&OwnedRow::empty())
-                            .now_or_never()
-                            .expect("constant expression should not be async"),
-                    ))
+            if let Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {
+                snapshot_value,
+                expr,
+            })) = c.generated_or_default_column.clone()
+            {
+                // TODO: may not panic on error
+                let value = if let Some(snapshot_value) = snapshot_value {
+                    // If there's a `snapshot_value`, we can use it directly.
+                    Datum::from_protobuf(&snapshot_value, &c.data_type)
+                        .expect("invalid default value")
                 } else {
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
+                    // For backward compatibility, default columns in old tables may not have `snapshot_value`.
+                    // In this case, we need to evaluate the expression to get the default value.
+                    // It's okay since we previously banned impure expressions in default columns.
+                    build_from_prost(&expr.expect("expr should not be none"))
+                        .expect("build_from_prost error")
+                        .eval_row_infallible(&OwnedRow::empty())
+                        .now_or_never()
+                        .expect("constant expression should not be async")
+                };
+                Some((i, value))
             } else {
                 None
             }

From 9aac181c0c2a03b4c7d6b15beeb9d9ba37a1aaa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 13:15:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 295/430] feat: init cluster controller based on sql meta store
 (#12572)

---
 src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs            | 999 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs                |   4 +
 src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs               |  14 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/env.rs                   |   2 +
 .../migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs    |   2 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs               |   3 +-
 6 files changed, 1013 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs

diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ef45ab1deddef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::cmp;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
+use std::ops::Add;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::hash::ParallelUnitId;
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockSstableObjectId;
+use risingwave_pb::common::worker_node::{PbProperty, PbState};
+use risingwave_pb::common::{
+    HostAddress, ParallelUnit, PbHostAddress, PbParallelUnit, PbWorkerNode, PbWorkerType,
+};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::add_worker_node_request::Property as AddNodeProperty;
+use risingwave_pb::meta::heartbeat_request;
+use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::update_worker_node_schedulability_request::Schedulability;
+use sea_orm::prelude::Expr;
+use sea_orm::{
+    ActiveModelTrait, ActiveValue, ColumnTrait, DatabaseConnection, EntityTrait, QueryFilter,
+    QuerySelect, TransactionTrait,
+};
+use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
+use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+use crate::manager::prelude::{Worker, WorkerProperty};
+use crate::manager::{LocalNotification, MetaSrvEnv, WorkerId, WorkerKey};
+use crate::model_v2::worker::{WorkerStatus, WorkerType};
+use crate::model_v2::{worker, worker_property, I32Array};
+use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
+
+pub type ClusterControllerRef = Arc<ClusterController>;
+
+pub struct ClusterController {
+    env: MetaSrvEnv,
+    max_heartbeat_interval: Duration,
+    inner: RwLock<ClusterControllerInner>,
+}
+
+struct WorkerInfo(worker::Model, Option<worker_property::Model>);
+
+impl From<WorkerInfo> for PbWorkerNode {
+    fn from(info: WorkerInfo) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: info.0.worker_id as _,
+            r#type: PbWorkerType::from(info.0.worker_type) as _,
+            host: Some(PbHostAddress {
+                host: info.0.host,
+                port: info.0.port,
+            }),
+            state: PbState::from(info.0.status) as _,
+            parallel_units: info
+                .1
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|p| {
+                    p.parallel_unit_ids
+                        .0
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|&id| PbParallelUnit {
+                            id: id as _,
+                            worker_node_id: info.0.worker_id as _,
+                        })
+                        .collect_vec()
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            property: info.1.as_ref().map(|p| PbProperty {
+                is_streaming: p.is_streaming,
+                is_serving: p.is_serving,
+                is_unschedulable: p.is_unschedulable,
+            }),
+            transactional_id: info.0.transaction_id.map(|txn| txn as _),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PbWorkerType> for WorkerType {
+    fn from(worker_type: PbWorkerType) -> Self {
+        match worker_type {
+            PbWorkerType::Unspecified => unreachable!("unspecified worker type"),
+            PbWorkerType::Frontend => Self::Frontend,
+            PbWorkerType::ComputeNode => Self::ComputeNode,
+            PbWorkerType::RiseCtl => Self::RiseCtl,
+            PbWorkerType::Compactor => Self::Compactor,
+            PbWorkerType::Meta => Self::Meta,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WorkerType> for PbWorkerType {
+    fn from(worker_type: WorkerType) -> Self {
+        match worker_type {
+            WorkerType::Frontend => Self::Frontend,
+            WorkerType::ComputeNode => Self::ComputeNode,
+            WorkerType::RiseCtl => Self::RiseCtl,
+            WorkerType::Compactor => Self::Compactor,
+            WorkerType::Meta => Self::Meta,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PbState> for WorkerStatus {
+    fn from(state: PbState) -> Self {
+        match state {
+            PbState::Unspecified => unreachable!("unspecified worker status"),
+            PbState::Starting => Self::Starting,
+            PbState::Running => Self::Running,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WorkerStatus> for PbState {
+    fn from(status: WorkerStatus) -> Self {
+        match status {
+            WorkerStatus::Starting => Self::Starting,
+            WorkerStatus::Running => Self::Running,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&PbWorkerNode> for worker::ActiveModel {
+    fn from(worker: &PbWorkerNode) -> Self {
+        let host = worker.host.clone().unwrap();
+        Self {
+            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker.id as i32),
+            worker_type: ActiveValue::Set(worker.r#type().into()),
+            host: ActiveValue::Set(host.host),
+            port: ActiveValue::Set(host.port),
+            status: ActiveValue::Set(worker.state().into()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClusterController {
+    pub async fn new(env: MetaSrvEnv, max_heartbeat_interval: Duration) -> MetaResult<Self> {
+        let meta_store = env
+            .sql_meta_store()
+            .expect("sql meta store is not initialized");
+        let inner = ClusterControllerInner::new(meta_store.conn).await?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            env,
+            max_heartbeat_interval,
+            inner: RwLock::new(inner),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Used in `NotificationService::subscribe`.
+    /// Need to pay attention to the order of acquiring locks to prevent deadlock problems.
+    pub async fn get_inner_guard(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'_, ClusterControllerInner> {
+        self.inner.read().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn count_worker_by_type(&self) -> MetaResult<HashMap<WorkerType, i32>> {
+        self.inner.read().await.count_worker_by_type().await
+    }
+
+    /// A worker node will immediately register itself to meta when it bootstraps.
+    /// The meta will assign it with a unique ID and set its state as `Starting`.
+    /// When the worker node is fully ready to serve, it will request meta again
+    /// (via `activate_worker_node`) to set its state to `Running`.
+    pub async fn add_worker(
+        &self,
+        r#type: PbWorkerType,
+        host_address: HostAddress,
+        property: AddNodeProperty,
+    ) -> MetaResult<WorkerId> {
+        self.inner
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .add_worker(r#type, host_address, property, self.max_heartbeat_interval)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn activate_worker(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let worker = inner.activate_worker(worker_id).await?;
+
+        // Notify frontends of new compute node.
+        // Always notify because a running worker's property may have been changed.
+        if worker.r#type() == PbWorkerType::ComputeNode {
+            self.env
+                .notification_manager()
+                .notify_frontend(Operation::Add, Info::Node(worker.clone()))
+                .await;
+        }
+        self.env
+            .notification_manager()
+            .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::WorkerNodeActivated(worker))
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_worker(&self, host_address: HostAddress) -> MetaResult<PbWorkerNode> {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let worker = inner.delete_worker(host_address).await?;
+        if worker.r#type() == PbWorkerType::ComputeNode {
+            self.env
+                .notification_manager()
+                .notify_frontend(Operation::Delete, Info::Node(worker.clone()))
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        // Notify local subscribers.
+        // Note: Any type of workers may pin some hummock resource. So `HummockManager` expect this
+        // local notification.
+        self.env
+            .notification_manager()
+            .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::WorkerNodeDeleted(worker.clone()))
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(worker)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_schedulability(
+        &self,
+        worker_ids: Vec<WorkerId>,
+        schedulability: Schedulability,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.inner
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .update_schedulability(worker_ids, schedulability)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// Invoked when it receives a heartbeat from a worker node.
+    pub async fn heartbeat(
+        &self,
+        worker_id: WorkerId,
+        info: Vec<heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info>,
+    ) {
+        tracing::trace!(target: "events::meta::server_heartbeat", worker_id = worker_id, "receive heartbeat");
+        self.inner
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .heartbeat(worker_id, self.max_heartbeat_interval, info)
+    }
+
+    pub fn start_heartbeat_checker(
+        cluster_controller: ClusterController,
+        check_interval: Duration,
+    ) -> (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>) {
+        let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut min_interval = tokio::time::interval(check_interval);
+            min_interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Delay);
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    // Wait for interval
+                    _ = min_interval.tick() => {},
+                    // Shutdown
+                    _ = &mut shutdown_rx => {
+                        tracing::info!("Heartbeat checker is stopped");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let mut inner = cluster_controller.inner.write().await;
+                // 1. Initialize new workers' TTL.
+                for worker in inner
+                    .worker_extra_info
+                    .values_mut()
+                    .filter(|worker| worker.expire_at.is_none())
+                {
+                    worker.update_ttl(cluster_controller.max_heartbeat_interval);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Collect expired workers.
+                let now = SystemTime::now()
+                    .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                    .expect("Clock may have gone backwards")
+                    .as_secs();
+                let worker_to_delete = inner
+                    .worker_extra_info
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|(_, info)| info.expire_at.unwrap() < now)
+                    .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+                    .collect_vec();
+
+                // 3. Delete expired workers.
+                let worker_infos = match Worker::find()
+                    .select_only()
+                    .column(worker::Column::WorkerType)
+                    .column(worker::Column::Host)
+                    .column(worker::Column::Port)
+                    .into_tuple::<(WorkerType, String, i32)>()
+                    .all(&inner.db)
+                    .await
+                {
+                    Ok(keys) => keys,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to load expire worker info from db: {}", err);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                if let Err(err) = Worker::delete_many()
+                    .filter(
+                        worker::Column::WorkerId.is_in(
+                            worker_to_delete
+                                .into_iter()
+                                .map(|id| id as i32)
+                                .collect_vec(),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    .exec(&inner.db)
+                    .await
+                {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to delete expire workers from db: {}", err);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (worker_type, host, port) in worker_infos {
+                    match worker_type {
+                        WorkerType::Frontend
+                        | WorkerType::ComputeNode
+                        | WorkerType::Compactor
+                        | WorkerType::RiseCtl => {
+                            cluster_controller
+                                .env
+                                .notification_manager()
+                                .delete_sender(
+                                    worker_type.into(),
+                                    WorkerKey(HostAddress { host, port }),
+                                )
+                                .await
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        (join_handle, shutdown_tx)
+    }
+
+    /// Get live nodes with the specified type and state.
+    /// # Arguments
+    /// * `worker_type` `WorkerType` of the nodes
+    /// * `worker_state` Filter by this state if it is not None.
+    pub async fn list_workers(
+        &self,
+        worker_type: WorkerType,
+        worker_status: Option<WorkerStatus>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        self.inner
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .list_workers(worker_type, worker_status)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// A convenient method to get all running compute nodes that may have running actors on them
+    /// i.e. CNs which are running
+    pub async fn list_active_streaming_workers(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        self.inner
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .list_active_streaming_workers()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_active_parallel_units(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ParallelUnit>> {
+        self.inner.read().await.list_active_parallel_units().await
+    }
+
+    /// Get the cluster info used for scheduling a streaming job, containing all nodes that are
+    /// running and schedulable
+    pub async fn list_active_serving_workers(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        self.inner.read().await.list_active_serving_workers().await
+    }
+
+    /// Get the cluster info used for scheduling a streaming job.
+    pub async fn get_streaming_cluster_info(&self) -> MetaResult<StreamingClusterInfo> {
+        self.inner.read().await.get_streaming_cluster_info().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_worker_by_id(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<Option<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        self.inner.read().await.get_worker_by_id(worker_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_worker_info_by_id(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> Option<WorkerExtraInfo> {
+        self.inner
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .get_worker_extra_info_by_id(worker_id)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+pub struct WorkerExtraInfo {
+    // Volatile values updated by meta node as follows.
+    //
+    // Unix timestamp that the worker will expire at.
+    expire_at: Option<u64>,
+    // Monotonic increasing id since meta node bootstrap.
+    info_version_id: u64,
+    // GC watermark.
+    hummock_gc_watermark: Option<HummockSstableObjectId>,
+}
+
+impl WorkerExtraInfo {
+    fn update_ttl(&mut self, ttl: Duration) {
+        let expire = cmp::max(
+            self.expire_at.unwrap_or_default(),
+            SystemTime::now()
+                .add(ttl)
+                .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .expect("Clock may have gone backwards")
+                .as_secs(),
+        );
+        self.expire_at = Some(expire);
+    }
+
+    fn update_hummock_info(&mut self, info: Vec<heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info>) {
+        self.info_version_id += 1;
+        for i in info {
+            match i {
+                heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info::HummockGcWatermark(watermark) => {
+                    self.hummock_gc_watermark = Some(watermark);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The cluster info used for scheduling a streaming job.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct StreamingClusterInfo {
+    /// All **active** compute nodes in the cluster.
+    pub worker_nodes: HashMap<u32, PbWorkerNode>,
+
+    /// All parallel units of the **active** compute nodes in the cluster.
+    pub parallel_units: HashMap<ParallelUnitId, ParallelUnit>,
+
+    /// All unschedulable parallel units of compute nodes in the cluster.
+    pub unschedulable_parallel_units: HashMap<ParallelUnitId, ParallelUnit>,
+}
+
+pub struct ClusterControllerInner {
+    db: DatabaseConnection,
+    /// Record for tracking available machine ids, one is available.
+    available_transactional_ids: VecDeque<i32>,
+    worker_extra_info: HashMap<WorkerId, WorkerExtraInfo>,
+}
+
+impl ClusterControllerInner {
+    pub const MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS: usize = 10;
+    pub const MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_COUNT: usize = 1 << Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS;
+
+    pub async fn new(db: DatabaseConnection) -> MetaResult<Self> {
+        let workers: Vec<(i32, Option<i32>)> = Worker::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(worker::Column::WorkerId)
+            .column(worker::Column::TransactionId)
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&db)
+            .await?;
+        let inuse_txn_ids: HashSet<_> = workers
+            .iter()
+            .cloned()
+            .filter_map(|(_, txn_id)| txn_id)
+            .collect();
+        let available_transactional_ids = (0..Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_COUNT as i32)
+            .filter(|id| !inuse_txn_ids.contains(id))
+            .collect();
+
+        let worker_extra_info = workers
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(w, _)| (w as u32, WorkerExtraInfo::default()))
+            .collect();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            db,
+            available_transactional_ids,
+            worker_extra_info,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn count_worker_by_type(&self) -> MetaResult<HashMap<WorkerType, i32>> {
+        let workers: Vec<(WorkerType, i32)> = Worker::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(worker::Column::WorkerType)
+            .column_as(worker::Column::WorkerId.count(), "count")
+            .group_by(worker::Column::WorkerType)
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(workers.into_iter().collect())
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_worker_ttl(&mut self, worker_id: WorkerId, ttl: Duration) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        if let Some(info) = self.worker_extra_info.get_mut(&worker_id) {
+            let expire = cmp::max(
+                info.expire_at.unwrap_or_default(),
+                SystemTime::now()
+                    .add(ttl)
+                    .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                    .expect("Clock may have gone backwards")
+                    .as_secs(),
+            );
+            info.expire_at = Some(expire);
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(MetaError::invalid_worker(
+                worker_id,
+                "worker not found".into(),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_transaction_id(&self, r#type: PbWorkerType) -> MetaResult<Option<i32>> {
+        match (self.available_transactional_ids.front(), r#type) {
+            (None, _) => Err(MetaError::unavailable(
+                "no available reusable machine id".to_string(),
+            )),
+            // We only assign transactional id to compute node and frontend.
+            (Some(id), PbWorkerType::ComputeNode | PbWorkerType::Frontend) => Ok(Some(*id)),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn add_worker(
+        &mut self,
+        r#type: PbWorkerType,
+        host_address: HostAddress,
+        add_property: AddNodeProperty,
+        ttl: Duration,
+    ) -> MetaResult<WorkerId> {
+        let txn = self.db.begin().await?;
+
+        // TODO: remove this workaround when we deprecate parallel unit ids.
+        let derive_parallel_units = |txn_id: i32, start: u32, end: u32| {
+            (start..end)
+                .map(|idx| (idx << Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS) as i32 + txn_id)
+                .collect_vec()
+        };
+
+        let worker = Worker::find()
+            .filter(
+                worker::Column::Host
+                    .eq(host_address.host.clone())
+                    .and(worker::Column::Port.eq(host_address.port)),
+            )
+            .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
+            .one(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        // Worker already exist.
+        if let Some((worker, property)) = worker {
+            assert_eq!(worker.worker_type, r#type.into());
+            return if worker.worker_type == WorkerType::ComputeNode {
+                let property = property.unwrap();
+                let txn_id = worker.transaction_id.unwrap();
+                let mut current_parallelism = property.parallel_unit_ids.0.clone();
+                let new_parallelism = add_property.worker_node_parallelism as usize;
+
+                match new_parallelism.cmp(&current_parallelism.len()) {
+                    Ordering::Less => {
+                        // Warn and keep the original parallelism if the worker registered with a
+                        // smaller parallelism.
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "worker {} parallelism is less than current, current is {}, but received {}",
+                            worker.worker_id,
+                            current_parallelism.len(),
+                            new_parallelism
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Ordering::Greater => {
+                        tracing::info!(
+                            "worker {} parallelism updated from {} to {}",
+                            worker.worker_id,
+                            current_parallelism.len(),
+                            new_parallelism
+                        );
+                        current_parallelism.extend(derive_parallel_units(
+                            txn_id,
+                            current_parallelism.len() as _,
+                            new_parallelism as _,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    Ordering::Equal => {}
+                }
+                let mut property: worker_property::ActiveModel = property.into();
+
+                // keep `is_unschedulable` unchanged.
+                property.is_streaming = ActiveValue::Set(add_property.is_streaming);
+                property.is_serving = ActiveValue::Set(add_property.is_serving);
+                property.parallel_unit_ids = ActiveValue::Set(I32Array(current_parallelism));
+
+                WorkerProperty::update(property).exec(&txn).await?;
+                txn.commit().await?;
+                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id as _, ttl)?;
+                Ok(worker.worker_id as WorkerId)
+            } else {
+                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id as _, ttl)?;
+                Ok(worker.worker_id as WorkerId)
+            };
+        }
+        let txn_id = self.apply_transaction_id(r#type)?;
+
+        let worker = worker::ActiveModel {
+            worker_id: Default::default(),
+            worker_type: ActiveValue::Set(r#type.into()),
+            host: ActiveValue::Set(host_address.host),
+            port: ActiveValue::Set(host_address.port),
+            status: ActiveValue::Set(WorkerStatus::Starting),
+            transaction_id: ActiveValue::Set(txn_id),
+        };
+        let insert_res = Worker::insert(worker).exec(&txn).await?;
+        let worker_id = insert_res.last_insert_id as WorkerId;
+        if r#type == PbWorkerType::ComputeNode {
+            let property = worker_property::ActiveModel {
+                worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(insert_res.last_insert_id),
+                parallel_unit_ids: ActiveValue::Set(I32Array(derive_parallel_units(
+                    *txn_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                    0,
+                    add_property.worker_node_parallelism as _,
+                ))),
+                is_streaming: ActiveValue::Set(add_property.is_streaming),
+                is_serving: ActiveValue::Set(add_property.is_streaming),
+                is_unschedulable: ActiveValue::Set(add_property.is_streaming),
+            };
+            WorkerProperty::insert(property).exec(&txn).await?;
+        }
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+        if let Some(txn_id) = txn_id {
+            self.available_transactional_ids.retain(|id| *id != txn_id);
+        }
+        self.worker_extra_info
+            .insert(worker_id, WorkerExtraInfo::default());
+
+        Ok(worker_id)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn activate_worker(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<PbWorkerNode> {
+        let worker = worker::ActiveModel {
+            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker_id as i32),
+            status: ActiveValue::Set(WorkerStatus::Running),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let worker = worker.update(&self.db).await?;
+        let worker_property = WorkerProperty::find_by_id(worker.worker_id)
+            .one(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(WorkerInfo(worker, worker_property).into())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_schedulability(
+        &self,
+        worker_ids: Vec<WorkerId>,
+        schedulability: Schedulability,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let is_unschedulable = schedulability == Schedulability::Unschedulable;
+        WorkerProperty::update_many()
+            .col_expr(
+                worker_property::Column::IsUnschedulable,
+                Expr::value(is_unschedulable),
+            )
+            .filter(
+                worker_property::Column::WorkerId
+                    .is_in(worker_ids.into_iter().map(|id| id as i32).collect_vec()),
+            )
+            .exec(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_worker(&mut self, host_addr: HostAddress) -> MetaResult<PbWorkerNode> {
+        let worker = Worker::find()
+            .filter(
+                worker::Column::Host
+                    .eq(host_addr.host)
+                    .and(worker::Column::Port.eq(host_addr.port)),
+            )
+            .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
+            .one(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+        let Some((worker, property)) = worker else {
+            return Err(MetaError::invalid_parameter("worker not found!"));
+        };
+
+        let res = Worker::delete_by_id(worker.worker_id)
+            .exec(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::invalid_parameter("worker not found!"));
+        }
+
+        self.worker_extra_info
+            .remove(&(worker.worker_id as WorkerId));
+        if let Some(txn_id) = &worker.transaction_id {
+            self.available_transactional_ids.push_back(*txn_id as _);
+        }
+        Ok(WorkerInfo(worker, property).into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn heartbeat(
+        &mut self,
+        worker_id: WorkerId,
+        ttl: Duration,
+        info: Vec<heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(worker_info) = self.worker_extra_info.get_mut(&worker_id) {
+            worker_info.update_ttl(ttl);
+            worker_info.update_hummock_info(info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_workers(
+        &self,
+        worker_type: WorkerType,
+        worker_status: Option<WorkerStatus>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        let workers = if let Some(status) = worker_status {
+            Worker::find()
+                .filter(
+                    worker::Column::WorkerType
+                        .eq(worker_type)
+                        .and(worker::Column::Status.eq(status)),
+                )
+                .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
+                .all(&self.db)
+                .await?
+        } else {
+            Worker::find()
+                .filter(worker::Column::WorkerType.eq(worker_type))
+                .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
+                .all(&self.db)
+                .await?
+        };
+
+        Ok(workers
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(worker, property)| WorkerInfo(worker, property).into())
+            .collect_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_active_streaming_workers(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        let workers = Worker::find()
+            .filter(
+                worker::Column::WorkerType
+                    .eq(WorkerType::ComputeNode)
+                    .and(worker::Column::Status.eq(WorkerStatus::Running)),
+            )
+            .inner_join(WorkerProperty)
+            .select_also(WorkerProperty)
+            .filter(worker_property::Column::IsStreaming.eq(true))
+            .all(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(workers
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(worker, property)| WorkerInfo(worker, property).into())
+            .collect_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_active_parallel_units(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ParallelUnit>> {
+        let parallel_units: Vec<(i32, I32Array)> = WorkerProperty::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(worker_property::Column::WorkerId)
+            .column(worker_property::Column::ParallelUnitIds)
+            .inner_join(Worker)
+            .filter(worker::Column::Status.eq(WorkerStatus::Running))
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(parallel_units
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(id, pu)| {
+                pu.0.into_iter().map(move |parallel_unit_id| ParallelUnit {
+                    id: parallel_unit_id as _,
+                    worker_node_id: id as _,
+                })
+            })
+            .collect_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_active_serving_workers(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        let workers = Worker::find()
+            .filter(
+                worker::Column::WorkerType
+                    .eq(WorkerType::ComputeNode)
+                    .and(worker::Column::Status.eq(WorkerStatus::Running)),
+            )
+            .inner_join(WorkerProperty)
+            .select_also(WorkerProperty)
+            .filter(worker_property::Column::IsServing.eq(true))
+            .all(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(workers
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(worker, property)| WorkerInfo(worker, property).into())
+            .collect_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_streaming_cluster_info(&self) -> MetaResult<StreamingClusterInfo> {
+        let mut streaming_workers = self.list_active_streaming_workers().await?;
+
+        let unschedulable_worker_node = streaming_workers
+            .extract_if(|worker| {
+                worker
+                    .property
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map_or(false, |p| p.is_unschedulable)
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let active_workers: HashMap<_, _> =
+            streaming_workers.into_iter().map(|w| (w.id, w)).collect();
+
+        let active_parallel_units = active_workers
+            .values()
+            .flat_map(|worker| worker.parallel_units.iter().map(|p| (p.id, p.clone())))
+            .collect();
+
+        let unschedulable_parallel_units = unschedulable_worker_node
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|worker| worker.parallel_units.iter().map(|p| (p.id, p.clone())))
+            .collect();
+
+        Ok(StreamingClusterInfo {
+            worker_nodes: active_workers,
+            parallel_units: active_parallel_units,
+            unschedulable_parallel_units,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_worker_by_id(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<Option<PbWorkerNode>> {
+        let worker = Worker::find_by_id(worker_id as i32)
+            .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
+            .one(&self.db)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(worker.map(|(w, p)| WorkerInfo(w, p).into()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_worker_extra_info_by_id(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> Option<WorkerExtraInfo> {
+        self.worker_extra_info.get(&worker_id).cloned()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn mock_worker_hosts_for_test(count: usize) -> Vec<HostAddress> {
+        (0..count)
+            .map(|i| HostAddress {
+                host: "localhost".to_string(),
+                port: 5000 + i as i32,
+            })
+            .collect_vec()
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_cluster_controller() -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let env = MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await;
+        let cluster_ctl = ClusterController::new(env, Duration::from_secs(1)).await?;
+
+        let parallelism_num = 4_usize;
+        let worker_count = 5_usize;
+        let property = AddNodeProperty {
+            worker_node_parallelism: parallelism_num as _,
+            is_streaming: true,
+            is_serving: true,
+            is_unschedulable: false,
+        };
+        let hosts = mock_worker_hosts_for_test(worker_count);
+        let mut worker_ids = vec![];
+        for host in &hosts {
+            worker_ids.push(
+                cluster_ctl
+                    .add_worker(PbWorkerType::ComputeNode, host.clone(), property.clone())
+                    .await?,
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Since no worker is active, the parallel unit count should be 0.
+        assert_eq!(cluster_ctl.list_active_parallel_units().await?.len(), 0);
+
+        for id in &worker_ids {
+            cluster_ctl.activate_worker(*id).await?;
+        }
+        let worker_cnt_map = cluster_ctl.count_worker_by_type().await?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            *worker_cnt_map.get(&WorkerType::ComputeNode).unwrap() as usize,
+            worker_count
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            cluster_ctl.list_active_streaming_workers().await?.len(),
+            worker_count
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            cluster_ctl.list_active_serving_workers().await?.len(),
+            worker_count
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            cluster_ctl.list_active_parallel_units().await?.len(),
+            parallelism_num * worker_count
+        );
+
+        // re-register existing worker node with larger parallelism and change its serving mode.
+        let mut new_property = property.clone();
+        new_property.worker_node_parallelism = (parallelism_num * 2) as _;
+        new_property.is_serving = false;
+        cluster_ctl
+            .add_worker(PbWorkerType::ComputeNode, hosts[0].clone(), new_property)
+            .await?;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            cluster_ctl.list_active_streaming_workers().await?.len(),
+            worker_count
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            cluster_ctl.list_active_serving_workers().await?.len(),
+            worker_count - 1
+        );
+        let parallel_units = cluster_ctl.list_active_parallel_units().await?;
+        assert!(parallel_units.iter().map(|pu| pu.id).all_unique());
+        assert_eq!(parallel_units.len(), parallelism_num * (worker_count + 1));
+
+        // delete workers.
+        for host in hosts {
+            cluster_ctl.delete_worker(host).await?;
+        }
+        assert_eq!(cluster_ctl.list_active_streaming_workers().await?.len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(cluster_ctl.list_active_serving_workers().await?.len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(cluster_ctl.list_active_parallel_units().await?.len(), 0);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_schedulability() -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let env = MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await;
+        let cluster_ctl = ClusterController::new(env, Duration::from_secs(1)).await?;
+
+        let host = HostAddress {
+            host: "localhost".to_string(),
+            port: 5001,
+        };
+        let mut property = AddNodeProperty {
+            worker_node_parallelism: 4,
+            is_streaming: true,
+            is_serving: true,
+            is_unschedulable: false,
+        };
+        let worker_id = cluster_ctl
+            .add_worker(PbWorkerType::ComputeNode, host.clone(), property.clone())
+            .await?;
+
+        cluster_ctl.activate_worker(worker_id).await?;
+        cluster_ctl
+            .update_schedulability(vec![worker_id], Schedulability::Unschedulable)
+            .await?;
+
+        let workers = cluster_ctl.list_active_streaming_workers().await?;
+        assert_eq!(workers.len(), 1);
+        assert!(workers[0].property.as_ref().unwrap().is_unschedulable);
+
+        // re-register existing worker node and change its serving mode, the schedulable state should not be changed.
+        property.is_unschedulable = false;
+        property.is_serving = false;
+        let new_worker_id = cluster_ctl
+            .add_worker(PbWorkerType::ComputeNode, host.clone(), property)
+            .await?;
+        assert_eq!(worker_id, new_worker_id);
+
+        let workers = cluster_ctl.list_active_streaming_workers().await?;
+        assert_eq!(workers.len(), 1);
+        assert!(workers[0].property.as_ref().unwrap().is_unschedulable);
+
+        cluster_ctl.delete_worker(host).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
index 968607df5e35d..74f01497cc048 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
@@ -21,12 +21,16 @@ use crate::MetaError;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub mod catalog;
+pub mod cluster;
 pub mod system_param;
 pub mod utils;
 
 // todo: refine the error transform.
 impl From<sea_orm::DbErr> for MetaError {
     fn from(err: sea_orm::DbErr) -> Self {
+        if let Some(err) = err.sql_err() {
+            return anyhow!(err).into();
+        }
         anyhow!(err).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
index da5b4fce20711..a338f7f81ddba 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
@@ -728,11 +728,8 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_cluster_manager() -> MetaResult<()> {
         let env = MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await;
 
-        let cluster_manager = Arc::new(
-            ClusterManager::new(env.clone(), Duration::new(0, 0))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
+        let cluster_manager =
+            Arc::new(ClusterManager::new(env, Duration::new(0, 0)).await.unwrap());
 
         let mut worker_nodes = Vec::new();
         let worker_count = 5usize;
@@ -839,11 +836,8 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_cluster_manager_schedulability() -> MetaResult<()> {
         let env = MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await;
 
-        let cluster_manager = Arc::new(
-            ClusterManager::new(env.clone(), Duration::new(0, 0))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
+        let cluster_manager =
+            Arc::new(ClusterManager::new(env, Duration::new(0, 0)).await.unwrap());
         let worker_node = cluster_manager
             .add_worker_node(
                 WorkerType::ComputeNode,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
index 2b3ff0c525da1..16a4bcb248b23 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/env.rs
@@ -237,6 +237,8 @@ impl MetaSrvEnv {
             )
             .await?,
         );
+        // TODO: remove `cluster_first_launch` and check equality of cluster id stored in hummock to
+        // make sure the data dir of hummock is not used by another cluster.
         let system_params_controller = match &meta_store_sql {
             Some(store) => {
                 cluster_id = Cluster::find()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
index e5a07e8c87574..e2bb65d68a849 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Host).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Port).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::Status).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Worker::TransactionId).integer())
                     .to_owned(),
             )
             .await?;
@@ -911,6 +912,7 @@ enum Worker {
     WorkerType,
     Host,
     Port,
+    TransactionId,
     Status,
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
index 4002b55323a36..6d786b0d5a860 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
 pub enum WorkerType {
     #[sea_orm(string_value = "FRONTEND")]
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub host: String,
     pub port: i32,
     pub status: WorkerStatus,
+    pub transaction_id: Option<i32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]

From 4ce28cdc0d0f8439e03a97c6e4e2fae411ff1013 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:20:14 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 296/430] chore(metrics): fix executor cache miss ratio metrics
 (#12756)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs  | 8 ++++----
 src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
index cbb90a7cb5ae6..25e63d6f508af 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
 
     pub fn flush(&mut self) {
         self.metrics
-            .join_lookup_miss_count
+            .join_lookup_total_count
             .with_label_values(&[
                 (self.side),
                 &self.join_table_id,
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
                 &self.actor_id,
                 &self.fragment_id,
             ])
-            .inc_by(self.lookup_miss_count as u64);
+            .inc_by(self.total_lookup_count as u64);
         self.metrics
-            .join_total_lookup_count
+            .join_lookup_miss_count
             .with_label_values(&[
                 (self.side),
                 &self.join_table_id,
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ impl JoinHashMapMetrics {
                 &self.actor_id,
                 &self.fragment_id,
             ])
-            .inc_by(self.total_lookup_count as u64);
+            .inc_by(self.lookup_miss_count as u64);
         self.metrics
             .join_insert_cache_miss_count
             .with_label_values(&[
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index d93a9844efeff..e42bf4cc6dff9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
 
     // Streaming Join
     pub join_lookup_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_total_lookup_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    pub join_lookup_total_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub join_insert_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub join_match_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_total_lookup_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_lookup_total_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_lookup_total_count",
             "Join executor lookup total operation",
             &[
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             mview_input_row_count,
             exchange_frag_recv_size,
             join_lookup_miss_count,
-            join_total_lookup_count,
+            join_lookup_total_count,
             join_insert_cache_miss_count,
             join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns,
             join_match_duration_ns,

From 394c544bd0de9ecf936588f85c4f27a6056d5358 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:31:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 297/430] chore: tweak log level in production (#12739)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs            |  2 +-
 .../src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs       |  2 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs                   |  8 +--
 src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs               |  2 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  2 +-
 .../sstable/forward_sstable_iterator.rs       |  2 +-
 src/storage/src/table/mod.rs                  |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs           |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs       |  6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs              |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs           |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs      |  6 +-
 src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager.rs        |  6 +-
 .../src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs |  8 +--
 src/utils/runtime/src/logger.rs               | 68 ++++++++-----------
 15 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs b/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
index a60b24f583b03..2aab5720d0fdf 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/task/task_manager.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl BatchManager {
         pb_task_output_id: &PbTaskOutputId,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let task_id = TaskOutputId::try_from(pb_task_output_id)?;
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::compute::exchange", peer_addr = %peer_addr, from = ?task_id, "serve exchange RPC");
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::compute::exchange", peer_addr = %peer_addr, from = ?task_id, "serve exchange RPC");
         let mut task_output = self.take_output(pb_task_output_id)?;
         self.runtime.spawn(async move {
             let mut writer = GrpcExchangeWriter::new(tx.clone());
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
index c50322cc2c94f..e78ddb538add0 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl ExchangeServiceImpl {
         up_down_actor_ids: (u32, u32),
         up_down_fragment_ids: (u32, u32),
     ) {
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::compute::exchange", peer_addr = %peer_addr, "serve stream exchange RPC");
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::compute::exchange", peer_addr = %peer_addr, "serve stream exchange RPC");
         let up_actor_id = up_down_actor_ids.0.to_string();
         let up_fragment_id = up_down_fragment_ids.0.to_string();
         let down_fragment_id = up_down_fragment_ids.1.to_string();
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
index e59225c8de510..262da65f19b0c 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
@@ -796,9 +796,9 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                         actor_ids_to_send,
                         actor_ids_to_collect,
                     };
-                    tracing::trace!(
+                    tracing::debug!(
                         target: "events::meta::barrier::inject_barrier",
-                        "inject barrier request: {:?}", request
+                        ?request, "inject barrier request"
                     );
 
                     // This RPC returns only if this worker node has injected this barrier.
@@ -838,9 +838,9 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                         prev_epoch,
                         tracing_context,
                     };
-                    tracing::trace!(
+                    tracing::debug!(
                         target: "events::meta::barrier::barrier_complete",
-                        "barrier complete request: {:?}", request
+                        ?request, "barrier complete"
                     );
 
                     // This RPC returns only if this worker node has collected this barrier.
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
index a338f7f81ddba..925eeb45a9f0c 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ impl ClusterManager {
         worker_id: WorkerId,
         info: Vec<heartbeat_request::extra_info::Info>,
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::meta::server_heartbeat", worker_id = worker_id, "receive heartbeat");
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::meta::server_heartbeat", worker_id, "receive heartbeat");
         let mut core = self.core.write().await;
         for worker in core.workers.values_mut() {
             if worker.worker_id() == worker_id {
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 35f69aaa74fbd..74a80f8e9f3e6 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ impl MetaClient {
                         extra_info.push(info);
                     }
                 }
-                tracing::trace!(target: "events::meta::client_heartbeat", "heartbeat");
+                tracing::debug!(target: "events::meta::client_heartbeat", "heartbeat");
                 match tokio::time::timeout(
                     // TODO: decide better min_interval for timeout
                     min_interval * 3,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/forward_sstable_iterator.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/forward_sstable_iterator.rs
index edb6c372ba31c..3988d082177f8 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/forward_sstable_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/forward_sstable_iterator.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl SstableIterator {
         idx: usize,
         seek_key: Option<FullKey<&[u8]>>,
     ) -> HummockResult<()> {
-        tracing::trace!(
+        tracing::debug!(
             target: "events::storage::sstable::block_seek",
             "table iterator seek: sstable_object_id = {}, block_id = {}",
             self.sst.value().id,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
index d50e4ec0277ab..b6407528d5272 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/table/mod.rs
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ pub fn compute_vnode(row: impl Row, indices: &[usize], vnodes: &Bitmap) -> Virtu
         vnode
     };
 
-    tracing::trace!(target: "events::storage::storage_table", "compute vnode: {:?} key {:?} => {}", row, indices, vnode);
+    tracing::debug!(target: "events::storage::storage_table", "compute vnode: {:?} key {:?} => {}", row, indices, vnode);
 
     vnode
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
index 9c0c931aaa022..414721c34efbf 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dispatch.rs
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ impl Dispatcher for HashDataDispatcher {
         // get hash value of every line by its key
         let vnodes = VirtualNode::compute_chunk(chunk.data_chunk(), &self.keys);
 
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::dispatch::hash", "\n{}\n keys {:?} => {:?}", chunk.to_pretty(), self.keys, vnodes);
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::stream::dispatch::hash", "\n{}\n keys {:?} => {:?}", chunk.to_pretty(), self.keys, vnodes);
 
         let mut vis_maps = repeat_with(|| BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(chunk.capacity()))
             .take(num_outputs)
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
index e0e62e7e04b7a..e7f39c0247bf9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/lookup/impl_.rs
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
                             .lookup_one_row(&row, self.last_barrier.as_ref().unwrap().epoch)
                             .await?
                         {
-                            tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::lookup::put", "{:?} {:?}", row, matched_row);
+                            tracing::debug!(target: "events::stream::lookup::put", "{:?} {:?}", row, matched_row);
 
                             if let Some(chunk) = builder.append_row(*op, row, &matched_row) {
                                 yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
             .with_label_values(&[&table_id_str, &actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str])
             .inc();
 
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::lookup::lookup_row", "{:?}", lookup_row);
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::stream::lookup::lookup_row", "{:?}", lookup_row);
 
         let mut all_rows = VecWithKvSize::new();
         // Drop the stream.
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> LookupExecutor<S> {
             }
         }
 
-        tracing::trace!(target: "events::stream::lookup::result", "{:?} => {:?}", lookup_row, all_rows.inner());
+        tracing::debug!(target: "events::stream::lookup::result", "{:?} => {:?}", lookup_row, all_rows.inner());
 
         self.lookup_cache.batch_update(lookup_row, all_rows.clone());
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
index 9c71684f529b8..f2f7d84ca2a3d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/merge.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl MergeExecutor {
                         .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
                 }
                 Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
-                    tracing::trace!(
+                    tracing::debug!(
                         target: "events::stream::barrier::path",
                         actor_id = actor_id,
                         "receiver receives barrier from path: {:?}",
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
index a99bbc2347a03..5b96cf6f9f8d8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/receiver.rs
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl Executor for ReceiverExecutor {
                             .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as _);
                     }
                     Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
-                        tracing::trace!(
+                        tracing::debug!(
                             target: "events::stream::barrier::path",
                             actor_id = actor_id,
                             "receiver receives barrier from path: {:?}",
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
index 5314d54ff1d89..fbf22c5d6d34b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/wrapper/trace.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn trace(
                             .with_label_values(&[&actor_id_str, &fragment_id_str, &info.identity])
                             .inc_by(chunk.cardinality() as u64);
                     }
-                    tracing::trace!(
+                    tracing::debug!(
                         target: "events::stream::message::chunk",
                         cardinality = chunk.cardinality(),
                         capacity = chunk.capacity(),
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ pub async fn trace(
                 }
             }
             Message::Watermark(watermark) => {
-                tracing::trace!(
+                tracing::debug!(
                     target: "events::stream::message::watermark",
                     value = ?watermark.val,
                     col_idx = watermark.col_idx,
                 );
             }
             Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
-                tracing::trace!(
+                tracing::debug!(
                     target: "events::stream::message::barrier",
                     prev_epoch = barrier.epoch.prev,
                     curr_epoch = barrier.epoch.curr,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager.rs
index 5581a8529c067..996881d3ff4b0 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl LocalBarrierManager {
 
     /// Register sender for source actors, used to send barriers.
     pub fn register_sender(&mut self, actor_id: ActorId, sender: UnboundedSender<Barrier>) {
-        tracing::trace!(
+        tracing::debug!(
             target: "events::stream::barrier::manager",
             actor_id = actor_id,
             "register sender"
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl LocalBarrierManager {
             }
         };
         let to_collect: HashSet<ActorId> = actor_ids_to_collect.into_iter().collect();
-        trace!(
+        debug!(
             target: "events::stream::barrier::manager::send",
             "send barrier {:?}, senders = {:?}, actor_ids_to_collect = {:?}",
             barrier,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl LocalBarrierManager {
 
         // Actors to stop should still accept this barrier, but won't get sent to in next times.
         if let Some(actors) = barrier.all_stop_actors() {
-            trace!(
+            debug!(
                 target: "events::stream::barrier::manager",
                 "remove actors {:?} from senders",
                 actors
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
index 2c14d6672eb69..43aeb4afba46b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/barrier_manager/managed_state.rs
@@ -193,12 +193,10 @@ impl ManagedBarrierState {
 
     /// Collect a `barrier` from the actor with `actor_id`.
     pub(super) fn collect(&mut self, actor_id: ActorId, barrier: &Barrier) {
-        tracing::trace!(
+        tracing::debug!(
             target: "events::stream::barrier::manager::collect",
-            "collect_barrier: epoch = {}, actor_id = {}, state = {:#?}",
-            barrier.epoch.curr,
-            actor_id,
-            self
+            epoch = barrier.epoch.curr, actor_id, state = ?self,
+            "collect_barrier",
         );
 
         match self.epoch_barrier_state_map.get_mut(&barrier.epoch.curr) {
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/src/logger.rs b/src/utils/runtime/src/logger.rs
index 4a4b77936b800..916dd93d7a32b 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/src/logger.rs
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/src/logger.rs
@@ -28,29 +28,6 @@ use tracing_subscriber::{filter, EnvFilter};
 const PGWIRE_QUERY_LOG: &str = "pgwire_query_log";
 const SLOW_QUERY_LOG: &str = "risingwave_frontend_slow_query_log";
 
-/// Configure log targets for some `RisingWave` crates.
-///
-/// Other RisingWave crates will follow the default level (`DEBUG` or `INFO` according to
-/// the `debug_assertions` and `is_ci` flag).
-fn configure_risingwave_targets_fmt(targets: filter::Targets) -> filter::Targets {
-    targets
-        // force a lower level for important logs
-        .with_target("risingwave_stream", Level::DEBUG)
-        .with_target("risingwave_storage", Level::DEBUG)
-        // force a higher level for noisy logs
-        .with_target("risingwave_sqlparser", Level::INFO)
-        .with_target("pgwire", Level::INFO)
-        .with_target(PGWIRE_QUERY_LOG, Level::OFF)
-        // force a higher level for foyer logs
-        .with_target("foyer", Level::WARN)
-        .with_target("foyer_common", Level::WARN)
-        .with_target("foyer_intrusive", Level::WARN)
-        .with_target("foyer_memory", Level::WARN)
-        .with_target("foyer_storage", Level::WARN)
-        // disable events that are too verbose
-        .with_target("events", Level::ERROR)
-}
-
 pub struct LoggerSettings {
     /// The name of the service.
     name: String,
@@ -122,9 +99,12 @@ impl LoggerSettings {
 /// Overrides default level and tracing targets of the fmt layer (formatting and
 /// logging to `stdout` or `stderr`).
 ///
+/// Note that only verbosity levels below or equal to `DEBUG` are effective in
+/// release builds.
+///
 /// e.g.,
 /// ```bash
-/// RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=info,risingwave_batch=info,risingwave_storage=info"
+/// RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=debug,events=debug"
 /// ```
 ///
 /// ### `RW_QUERY_LOG_PATH`
@@ -159,7 +139,20 @@ pub fn init_risingwave_logger(settings: LoggerSettings) {
 
     // Default filter for logging to stdout and tracing.
     let default_filter = {
-        let mut filter = filter::Targets::new()
+        let mut filter = filter::Targets::new();
+
+        // Configure levels for some RisingWave crates.
+        // Other RisingWave crates like `stream` and `storage` will follow the default level.
+        filter = filter
+            .with_target("risingwave_sqlparser", Level::INFO)
+            .with_target("pgwire", Level::INFO)
+            .with_target(PGWIRE_QUERY_LOG, Level::OFF)
+            // debug-purposed events are disabled unless `RUST_LOG` overrides
+            .with_target("events", Level::OFF);
+
+        // Configure levels for external crates.
+        filter = filter
+            .with_target("foyer", Level::WARN)
             .with_target("aws_sdk_ec2", Level::INFO)
             .with_target("aws_sdk_s3", Level::INFO)
             .with_target("aws_config", Level::WARN)
@@ -175,10 +168,8 @@ pub fn init_risingwave_logger(settings: LoggerSettings) {
             .with_target("reqwest", Level::WARN)
             .with_target("sled", Level::INFO);
 
-        filter = configure_risingwave_targets_fmt(filter);
-
-        // For all other crates
-        filter = filter.with_default(match Deployment::current() {
+        // For all other crates, apply default level depending on the deployment and `debug_assertions` flag.
+        let default_level = match deployment {
             Deployment::Ci => Level::INFO,
             _ => {
                 if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
@@ -187,22 +178,23 @@ pub fn init_risingwave_logger(settings: LoggerSettings) {
                     Level::INFO
                 }
             }
-        });
+        };
+        filter = filter.with_default(default_level);
 
-        // Overrides from settings
+        // Overrides from settings.
         filter = filter.with_targets(settings.targets);
         if let Some(default_level) = settings.default_level {
             filter = filter.with_default(default_level);
         }
 
-        // Overrides from env var
+        // Overrides from env var.
         if let Ok(rust_log) = std::env::var(EnvFilter::DEFAULT_ENV) && !rust_log.is_empty() {
-          let rust_log_targets: Targets = rust_log.parse().expect("failed to parse `RUST_LOG`");
-          if let Some(default_level) = rust_log_targets.default_level() {
-              filter = filter.with_default(default_level);
-          }
-          filter = filter.with_targets(rust_log_targets)
-      };
+            let rust_log_targets: Targets = rust_log.parse().expect("failed to parse `RUST_LOG`");
+            if let Some(default_level) = rust_log_targets.default_level() {
+                filter = filter.with_default(default_level);
+            }
+            filter = filter.with_targets(rust_log_targets)
+        };
 
         filter
     };

From 13614393ee4e0f60cbe774a5347053fc6b464220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 13:53:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 298/430] fix: allow scale in for kinesis (#12765)

---
 src/connector/src/source/base.rs      |  5 +++++
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs | 10 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
index d02645385b81f..cef342b201788 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
@@ -310,6 +310,11 @@ impl ConnectorProperties {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn enable_split_scale_in(&self) -> bool {
+        // enable split scale in just for Kinesis
+        matches!(self, ConnectorProperties::Kinesis(_))
+    }
+
     pub fn init_from_pb_source(&mut self, source: &PbSource) {
         dispatch_source_prop!(self, prop, prop.init_from_pb_source(source))
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index 4608027232a24..e208222de4908 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ struct ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle {
     handle: JoinHandle<()>,
     sync_call_tx: UnboundedSender<oneshot::Sender<MetaResult<()>>>,
     splits: SharedSplitMapRef,
+    enable_scale_in: bool,
 }
 
 impl ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle {
@@ -285,7 +286,9 @@ impl SourceManagerCore {
                         *fragment_id,
                         prev_actor_splits,
                         &discovered_splits,
-                        SplitDiffOptions::default(),
+                        SplitDiffOptions {
+                            enable_scale_in: handle.enable_scale_in,
+                        },
                     ) {
                         split_assignment.insert(*fragment_id, change);
                     }
@@ -615,6 +618,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
             fragment_id,
             empty_actor_splits,
             &prev_splits,
+            // pre-allocate splits is the first time getting splits and it does not have scale in scene
             SplitDiffOptions::default(),
         )
         .unwrap_or_default();
@@ -715,6 +719,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
         let source_id = source.id;
 
         let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(&source)?;
+        let enable_scale_in = connector_properties.enable_split_scale_in();
         let handle = runtime.spawn(async move {
             let mut ticker = time::interval(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_INTERVAL);
             ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
@@ -752,6 +757,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                 handle,
                 sync_call_tx,
                 splits: current_splits_ref,
+                enable_scale_in,
             },
         );
         Ok(())
@@ -767,6 +773,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let current_splits_ref = Arc::new(Mutex::new(SharedSplitMap { splits: None }));
         let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(source)?;
+        let enable_scale_in = connector_properties.enable_split_scale_in();
         let (sync_call_tx, sync_call_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
         let handle = dispatch_source_prop!(connector_properties, prop, {
             let mut worker = ConnectorSourceWorker::create(
@@ -808,6 +815,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                 handle,
                 sync_call_tx,
                 splits: current_splits_ref,
+                enable_scale_in,
             },
         );
 

From 93a70544ba93291a3de226260b5be60127e15755 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 01:27:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 299/430] fix(stream): fix mview pk indices and prefix len hint
 (#12760)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml   | 18 +++++------
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        |  2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml |  2 +-
 .../output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml       |  2 +-
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    |  2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml           | 32 +++++++++----------
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml   |  8 ++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs | 24 ++++++++++----
 src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs  | 27 ++++++----------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/mview.rs            | 14 ++++++--
 10 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
index d725856819cea..4fea4316481e4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
 
     Table 42 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $0 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 12 ], read pk prefix len hint: 10 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $0 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 12 ], read pk prefix len hint: 12 }
 
 - id: ch_q3
   before:
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ol_o_id, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, revenue, o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 4, 0, 2, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ol_o_id, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, revenue, o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 4, 0, 2, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
 - id: ch_q4
   before:
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_id, c_last, revenue, c_city, c_phone, n_name ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_id, c_last, revenue, c_city, c_phone, n_name ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
 - id: ch_q11
   before:
@@ -2186,7 +2186,7 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ sum(sum(stock_s_order_cnt)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_i_id, ordercount ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_i_id, ordercount ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: ch_q12
   before:
@@ -2380,7 +2380,7 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_count, custdist ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_count, custdist ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: ch_q14
   before:
@@ -2764,7 +2764,7 @@
     ├── primary key: [ $3 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
 - id: ch_q17
   before:
@@ -3024,7 +3024,7 @@
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_last, o_id, o_entry_d, o_ol_cnt, sum, sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id ], primary key: [ $5 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 6, 7, 8 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_last, o_id, o_entry_d, o_ol_cnt, sum, sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id ], primary key: [ $5 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 6, 7, 8 ], read pk prefix len hint: 8 }
 
 - id: ch_q19
   before:
@@ -3308,7 +3308,7 @@
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
 - id: ch_q21
   before:
@@ -3534,7 +3534,7 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ vnode, ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number, order_line_backfill_finished, order_line_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: ch_q22
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index 43714fba9c7dd..e4f1ff1136cdb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -2513,7 +2513,7 @@
     ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q106
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index 9a76e39085120..7b1e28d485686 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q106
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
index 4b1c26e0a2be1..802133d356833 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ now ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q106
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index e3b091d700675..bc0ae6bd25441 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -2479,7 +2479,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
index e1566f3ea795c..1fdcdfee27b4d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_returnflag, l_linestatus, sum_qty, sum_base_price, sum_disc_price, sum_charge, avg_qty, avg_price, avg_disc, count_order ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_returnflag, l_linestatus, sum_qty, sum_base_price, sum_disc_price, sum_charge, avg_qty, avg_price, avg_disc, count_order ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: tpch_q2
   before:
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
 
     Table 50 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 8 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 11 }
 
 - id: tpch_q3
   before:
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_orderkey, revenue, o_orderdate, o_shippriority ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_orderkey, revenue, o_orderdate, o_shippriority ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
 - id: tpch_q4
   before:
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_orderpriority, order_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_orderpriority, order_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q5
   before:
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@
 
     Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q6
   before:
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@
 
     Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ supp_nation, cust_nation, l_year, revenue ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: tpch_q8
   before:
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@
 
     Table 38 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_year, mkt_share ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ o_year, mkt_share ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q9
   before:
@@ -2135,7 +2135,7 @@
 
     Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ nation, o_year, sum_profit ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ nation, o_year, sum_profit ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: tpch_q10
   before:
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, o_orderkey, orders_backfill_finished, orders_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_custkey, c_name, revenue, c_acctbal, n_name, c_address, c_phone, c_comment ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_custkey, c_name, revenue, c_acctbal, n_name, c_address, c_phone, c_comment ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 8 }
 
 - id: tpch_q11
   before:
@@ -2596,7 +2596,7 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ sum(sum($expr2)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ps_partkey, value ], primary key: [ $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ ps_partkey, value ], primary key: [ $1 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q12
   before:
@@ -2731,7 +2731,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_shipmode, high_line_count, low_line_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ l_shipmode, high_line_count, low_line_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q13
   before:
@@ -2912,7 +2912,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_count, custdist ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ c_count, custdist ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 DESC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: tpch_q14
   before:
@@ -3220,7 +3220,7 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ $expr2, max(sum($expr1)), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, lineitem.l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, lineitem.l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q16
   before:
@@ -3436,7 +3436,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p_brand, p_type, p_size, supplier_cnt ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p_brand, p_type, p_size, supplier_cnt ], primary key: [ $3 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
 - id: tpch_q17
   before:
@@ -4233,7 +4233,7 @@
 
     Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q21
   before:
@@ -4533,7 +4533,7 @@
 
     Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, l_orderkey, l_linenumber, lineitem_backfill_finished, lineitem_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: tpch_q22
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
index a484d4e2efddc..e476722be5a18 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
 
     Table 43 { columns: [ n_regionkey, _row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $17 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 11 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $17 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 14 }
 
 - id: tpch_q5
   before:
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ n_name, revenue ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: tpch_q7
   before:
@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
 - id: tpch_q21
   before:
@@ -2267,5 +2267,5 @@
 
     Table 24 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, numwait ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index 725e4ae0c677d..128f1eeb24ed9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,16 @@ pub struct StreamMaterialize {
 impl StreamMaterialize {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(input: PlanRef, table: TableCatalog) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::derive_stream_plan_base(&input);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
+            input.ctx(),
+            input.schema().clone(),
+            Some(table.stream_key.clone()),
+            input.functional_dependency().clone(),
+            input.distribution().clone(),
+            input.append_only(),
+            input.emit_on_window_close(),
+            input.watermark_columns().clone(),
+        );
         Self { base, input, table }
     }
 
@@ -182,24 +191,25 @@ impl StreamMaterialize {
         let append_only = input.append_only();
         let watermark_columns = input.watermark_columns().clone();
 
-        let (pk, stream_key) = if let Some(pk_column_indices) = pk_column_indices {
-            let pk = pk_column_indices
+        let (table_pk, stream_key) = if let Some(pk_column_indices) = pk_column_indices {
+            let table_pk = pk_column_indices
                 .iter()
                 .map(|idx| ColumnOrder::new(*idx, OrderType::ascending()))
                 .collect();
-            // No order by for create table, so stream key is identical to pk.
-            (pk, pk_column_indices)
+            // No order by for create table, so stream key is identical to table pk.
+            (table_pk, pk_column_indices)
         } else {
             derive_pk(input, user_order_by, &columns)
         };
+        // assert: `stream_key` is a subset of `table_pk`
 
-        let read_prefix_len_hint = stream_key.len();
+        let read_prefix_len_hint = table_pk.len();
         Ok(TableCatalog {
             id: TableId::placeholder(),
             associated_source_id: None,
             name,
             columns,
-            pk,
+            pk: table_pk,
             stream_key,
             distribution_key,
             table_type,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
index 44e15701a0729..cfb02ec34c481 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mview/materialize.rs
@@ -52,16 +52,15 @@ use crate::task::AtomicU64Ref;
 /// `MaterializeExecutor` materializes changes in stream into a materialized view on storage.
 pub struct MaterializeExecutor<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
+    info: ExecutorInfo,
 
     state_table: StateTableInner<S, SD>,
 
     /// Columns of arrange keys (including pk, group keys, join keys, etc.)
-    arrange_columns: Vec<usize>,
+    arrange_key_indices: Vec<usize>,
 
     actor_context: ActorContextRef,
 
-    info: ExecutorInfo,
-
     materialize_cache: MaterializeCache<SD>,
 
     conflict_behavior: ConflictBehavior,
@@ -74,9 +73,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub async fn new(
         input: BoxedExecutor,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         store: S,
-        key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
+        arrange_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         actor_context: ActorContextRef,
         vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
         table_catalog: &Table,
@@ -84,9 +83,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
         conflict_behavior: ConflictBehavior,
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
     ) -> Self {
-        let arrange_columns: Vec<usize> = key.iter().map(|k| k.column_index).collect();
-
-        let schema = input.schema().clone();
+        let arrange_key_indices: Vec<usize> = arrange_key.iter().map(|k| k.column_index).collect();
 
         let state_table = if table_catalog.version.is_some() {
             // TODO: If we do some `Delete` after schema change, we cannot ensure the encoded value
@@ -104,14 +101,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
 
         Self {
             input,
+            info,
             state_table,
-            arrange_columns: arrange_columns.clone(),
+            arrange_key_indices,
             actor_context,
-            info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema,
-                pk_indices: arrange_columns,
-                identity: format!("MaterializeExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
-            },
             materialize_cache: MaterializeCache::new(watermark_epoch, metrics_info),
             conflict_behavior,
         }
@@ -242,7 +235,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> MaterializeExecutor<S, BasicSerde> {
         Self {
             input,
             state_table,
-            arrange_columns: arrange_columns.clone(),
+            arrange_key_indices: arrange_columns.clone(),
             actor_context: ActorContext::create(0),
             info: ExecutorInfo {
                 schema,
@@ -423,8 +416,8 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> Executor for MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
 impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> std::fmt::Debug for MaterializeExecutor<S, SD> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("MaterializeExecutor")
-            .field("input info", &self.info())
-            .field("arrange_columns", &self.arrange_columns)
+            .field("info", &self.info())
+            .field("arrange_key_indices", &self.arrange_key_indices)
             .finish()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/mview.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/mview.rs
index 9c4d084def8ba..d64490b29b84a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/mview.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/mview.rs
@@ -48,14 +48,19 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for MaterializeExecutorBuilder {
 
         let conflict_behavior =
             ConflictBehavior::from_protobuf(&table.handle_pk_conflict_behavior());
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: params.schema,
+            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
+            identity: params.identity,
+        };
 
         macro_rules! new_executor {
             ($SD:ident) => {
                 MaterializeExecutor::<_, $SD>::new(
                     input,
+                    info,
                     store,
                     order_key,
-                    params.executor_id,
                     params.actor_context,
                     params.vnode_bitmap.map(Arc::new),
                     table,
@@ -106,11 +111,16 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ArrangeExecutorBuilder {
         let vnodes = params.vnode_bitmap.map(Arc::new);
         let conflict_behavior =
             ConflictBehavior::from_protobuf(&table.handle_pk_conflict_behavior());
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: params.schema,
+            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
+            identity: params.identity,
+        };
         let executor = MaterializeExecutor::<_, BasicSerde>::new(
             input,
+            info,
             store,
             keys,
-            params.executor_id,
             params.actor_context,
             vnodes,
             table,

From 2db6f9416873187b9771abdc3e14607d1a607f71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 14:37:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 300/430] feat: allow kafka auto creating topics by
 `properties.allow.auto.create.topics` (#12766)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 7e3143e312d42..274be95f9b94a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ enum CompressionCodec {
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
+    /// Allow automatic topic creation on the broker when subscribing to or assigning non-existent topics.
+    #[serde(rename = "properties.allow.auto.create.topics")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    pub allow_auto_create_topics: Option<bool>,
+
     /// Maximum number of messages allowed on the producer queue. This queue is shared by all
     /// topics and partitions. A value of 0 disables this limit.
     #[serde(rename = "properties.queue.buffering.max.messages")]
@@ -160,6 +165,9 @@ pub struct RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
 
 impl RdKafkaPropertiesProducer {
     pub(crate) fn set_client(&self, c: &mut rdkafka::ClientConfig) {
+        if let Some(v) = self.allow_auto_create_topics {
+            c.set("allow.auto.create.topics", v.to_string());
+        }
         if let Some(v) = self.queue_buffering_max_messages {
             c.set("queue.buffering.max.messages", v.to_string());
         }

From 88ffd82cd126065ab7c6d5f114bbd786be165747 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 15:57:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 301/430] fix(streaming): assert all states finished, or all
 not finished for backfill (#12767)

---
 src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index 22b2ab3a3c006..5d84bc6257ca7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ where
             let key: &[Datum] = &[Some(vnode.into())];
             let row = state_table.get_row(key).await?;
             let state = Self::deserialize_backfill_state(row, pk_len);
-            assert_eq!(state, expected_state);
+            assert_eq!(state.is_finished, expected_state.is_finished);
         }
         Ok(expected_state)
     }

From 80f1d58b866b022fd2d5aac92dd2e5bae2c6ceb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:27:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 302/430] feat(expr): support streaming `bit_and` and `bit_or`
 aggregate (#12758)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 src/common/src/array/list_array.rs            |  30 ++-
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs            |  15 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_and.rs        | 191 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_or.rs         | 149 ++++++++++++++
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_xor.rs        |  52 +++++
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs        |  27 ---
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs            |   3 +
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs      |   2 +-
 .../src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs |   2 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs                     |  19 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |   3 +
 src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs                   |  12 +-
 12 files changed, 455 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_and.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_or.rs
 create mode 100644 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_xor.rs

diff --git a/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs b/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
index 6445ac8a156d3..7eaaffff98534 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/list_array.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use core::fmt;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut};
 use either::Either;
@@ -359,6 +360,20 @@ impl Ord for ListValue {
     }
 }
 
+impl Index<usize> for ListValue {
+    type Output = Datum;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
+        &self.values[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl IndexMut<usize> for ListValue {
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        &mut self.values[index]
+    }
+}
+
 // Used to display ListValue in explain for better readibilty.
 pub fn display_for_explain(list: &ListValue) -> String {
     // Example of ListValue display: ARRAY[1, 2, null]
@@ -485,7 +500,7 @@ impl<'a> ListRef<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Get the element at the given index. Returns `None` if the index is out of bounds.
-    pub fn elem_at(self, index: usize) -> Option<DatumRef<'a>> {
+    pub fn get(self, index: usize) -> Option<DatumRef<'a>> {
         iter_elems_ref!(self, it, {
             let mut it = it;
             it.nth(index)
@@ -551,12 +566,9 @@ impl Ord for ListRef<'_> {
 
 impl Debug for ListRef<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        iter_elems_ref!(*self, it, {
-            for v in it {
-                Debug::fmt(&v, f)?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        })
+        let mut f = f.debug_list();
+        iter_elems_ref!(*self, it, { f.entries(it) });
+        f.finish()
     }
 }
 
@@ -1020,7 +1032,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         // Get 2nd value from ListRef
-        let scalar = list_ref.elem_at(1).unwrap();
+        let scalar = list_ref.get(1).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(scalar, Some(types::ScalarRefImpl::Int32(5)));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index 2d6763130cc4a..39d4c158c10d7 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -308,9 +308,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! unimplemented_in_stream {
         () => {
-            AggKind::BitAnd
-                | AggKind::BitOr
-                | AggKind::JsonbAgg
+            AggKind::JsonbAgg
                 | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg
                 | AggKind::PercentileCont
                 | AggKind::PercentileDisc
@@ -408,6 +406,8 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
                 //  after we support general merge in stateless_simple_agg
                 | AggKind::BoolAnd
                 | AggKind::BoolOr
+                | AggKind::BitAnd
+                | AggKind::BitOr
         };
     }
     pub use simply_cannot_two_phase;
@@ -420,6 +420,8 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
             AggKind::Sum
                 | AggKind::Sum0
                 | AggKind::Count
+                | AggKind::BitAnd
+                | AggKind::BitOr
                 | AggKind::BitXor
                 | AggKind::BoolAnd
                 | AggKind::BoolOr
@@ -452,12 +454,7 @@ impl AggKind {
     /// Get the total phase agg kind from the partial phase agg kind.
     pub fn partial_to_total(self) -> Option<Self> {
         match self {
-            AggKind::BitAnd
-            | AggKind::BitOr
-            | AggKind::BitXor
-            | AggKind::Min
-            | AggKind::Max
-            | AggKind::Sum => Some(self),
+            AggKind::BitXor | AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max | AggKind::Sum => Some(self),
             AggKind::Sum0 | AggKind::Count => Some(AggKind::Sum0),
             agg_kinds::simply_cannot_two_phase!() => None,
             agg_kinds::rewritten!() => None,
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_and.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_and.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..879f81704b14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_and.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::BitAnd;
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{ListRef, ListValue, ScalarImpl};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
+
+/// Computes the bitwise AND of all non-null input values.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (a int2, b int4, c int8);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_and(a), bit_and(b), bit_and(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// NULL NULL NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///    (6, 6, 6),
+///    (3, 3, 3),
+///    (null, null, null);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_and(a), bit_and(b), bit_and(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// 2 2 2
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+// XXX: state = "ref" is required so that
+// for the first non-null value, the state is set to that value.
+#[aggregate("bit_and(*int) -> auto", state = "ref")]
+fn bit_and_append_only<T>(state: T, input: T) -> T
+where
+    T: BitAnd<Output = T>,
+{
+    state.bitand(input)
+}
+
+/// Computes the bitwise AND of all non-null input values.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (a int2, b int4, c int8);
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// create materialized view mv as
+/// select bit_and(a) a, bit_and(b) b, bit_and(c) c from t;
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// NULL NULL NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///    (6, 6, 6),
+///    (3, 3, 3),
+///    (null, null, null);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// 2 2 2
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// delete from t where a = 3;
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// 6 6 6
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop materialized view mv;
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct BitAndUpdatable<T> {
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+#[aggregate("bit_and(int2) -> int2", state = "int8[]", generic = "i16")]
+#[aggregate("bit_and(int4) -> int4", state = "int8[]", generic = "i32")]
+#[aggregate("bit_and(int8) -> int8", state = "int8[]", generic = "i64")]
+impl<T: Bits> BitAndUpdatable<T> {
+    // state is the number of 0s for each bit.
+
+    fn create_state(&self) -> ListValue {
+        ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(0)); T::BITS])
+    }
+
+    fn accumulate(&self, mut state: ListValue, input: T) -> ListValue {
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            if !input.get_bit(i) {
+                let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(count)) = &mut state[i] else {
+                    panic!("invalid state");
+                };
+                *count += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        state
+    }
+
+    fn retract(&self, mut state: ListValue, input: T) -> ListValue {
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            if !input.get_bit(i) {
+                let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(count)) = &mut state[i] else {
+                    panic!("invalid state");
+                };
+                *count -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        state
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, state: ListRef<'_>) -> T {
+        let mut result = T::default();
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            let count = state.get(i).unwrap().unwrap().into_int64();
+            if count == 0 {
+                result.set_bit(i);
+            }
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Bits: Default {
+    const BITS: usize;
+    fn get_bit(&self, i: usize) -> bool;
+    fn set_bit(&mut self, i: usize);
+}
+
+impl Bits for i16 {
+    const BITS: usize = 16;
+
+    fn get_bit(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        (*self >> i) & 1 == 1
+    }
+
+    fn set_bit(&mut self, i: usize) {
+        *self |= 1 << i;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Bits for i32 {
+    const BITS: usize = 32;
+
+    fn get_bit(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        (*self >> i) & 1 == 1
+    }
+
+    fn set_bit(&mut self, i: usize) {
+        *self |= 1 << i;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Bits for i64 {
+    const BITS: usize = 64;
+
+    fn get_bit(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        (*self >> i) & 1 == 1
+    }
+
+    fn set_bit(&mut self, i: usize) {
+        *self |= 1 << i;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_or.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_or.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1bf205f335e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_or.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::BitOr;
+
+use risingwave_common::types::{ListRef, ListValue, ScalarImpl};
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
+
+use super::bit_and::Bits;
+
+/// Computes the bitwise OR of all non-null input values.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (a int2, b int4, c int8);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_or(a), bit_or(b), bit_or(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// NULL NULL NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///    (1, 1, 1),
+///    (2, 2, 2),
+///    (null, null, null);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_or(a), bit_or(b), bit_or(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// 3 3 3
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[aggregate("bit_or(*int) -> auto")]
+fn bit_or_append_only<T>(state: T, input: T) -> T
+where
+    T: BitOr<Output = T>,
+{
+    state.bitor(input)
+}
+
+/// Computes the bitwise OR of all non-null input values.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (a int2, b int4, c int8);
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// create materialized view mv as
+/// select bit_or(a) a, bit_or(b) b, bit_or(c) c from t;
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// NULL NULL NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///    (6, 6, 6),
+///    (3, 3, 3),
+///    (null, null, null);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// 7 7 7
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// delete from t where a = 3;
+///
+/// query III
+/// select * from mv;
+/// ----
+/// 6 6 6
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop materialized view mv;
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct BitOrUpdatable<T> {
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+#[aggregate("bit_or(int2) -> int2", state = "int8[]", generic = "i16")]
+#[aggregate("bit_or(int4) -> int4", state = "int8[]", generic = "i32")]
+#[aggregate("bit_or(int8) -> int8", state = "int8[]", generic = "i64")]
+impl<T: Bits> BitOrUpdatable<T> {
+    // state is the number of 1s for each bit.
+
+    fn create_state(&self) -> ListValue {
+        ListValue::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(0)); T::BITS])
+    }
+
+    fn accumulate(&self, mut state: ListValue, input: T) -> ListValue {
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            if input.get_bit(i) {
+                let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(count)) = &mut state[i] else {
+                    panic!("invalid state");
+                };
+                *count += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        state
+    }
+
+    fn retract(&self, mut state: ListValue, input: T) -> ListValue {
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            if input.get_bit(i) {
+                let Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(count)) = &mut state[i] else {
+                    panic!("invalid state");
+                };
+                *count -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        state
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, state: ListRef<'_>) -> T {
+        let mut result = T::default();
+        for i in 0..T::BITS {
+            let count = state.get(i).unwrap().unwrap().into_int64();
+            if count != 0 {
+                result.set_bit(i);
+            }
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_xor.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_xor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d86098105daf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/bit_xor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::ops::BitXor;
+
+use risingwave_expr::aggregate;
+
+/// Computes the bitwise XOR of all non-null input values.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```slt
+/// statement ok
+/// create table t (a int2, b int4, c int8);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_xor(a), bit_xor(b), bit_xor(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// NULL NULL NULL
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// insert into t values
+///    (3, 3, 3),
+///    (6, 6, 6),
+///    (null, null, null);
+///
+/// query III
+/// select bit_xor(a), bit_xor(b), bit_xor(c) from t;
+/// ----
+/// 5 5 5
+///
+/// statement ok
+/// drop table t;
+/// ```
+#[aggregate("bit_xor(*int) -> auto")]
+fn bit_xor<T>(state: T, input: T, _retract: bool) -> T
+where
+    T: BitXor<Output = T>,
+{
+    state.bitxor(input)
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
index dfdf1967d554c..de1331c524063 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::convert::From;
-use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor};
 
 use num_traits::{CheckedAdd, CheckedSub};
 use risingwave_expr::{aggregate, ExprError, Result};
@@ -53,32 +52,6 @@ fn max<T: Ord>(state: T, input: T) -> T {
     state.max(input)
 }
 
-// XXX: state = "ref" is required so that
-// for the first non-null value, the state is set to that value.
-#[aggregate("bit_and(*int) -> auto", state = "ref")]
-fn bit_and<T>(state: T, input: T) -> T
-where
-    T: BitAnd<Output = T>,
-{
-    state.bitand(input)
-}
-
-#[aggregate("bit_or(*int) -> auto")]
-fn bit_or<T>(state: T, input: T) -> T
-where
-    T: BitOr<Output = T>,
-{
-    state.bitor(input)
-}
-
-#[aggregate("bit_xor(*int) -> auto")]
-fn bit_xor<T>(state: T, input: T, _retract: bool) -> T
-where
-    T: BitXor<Output = T>,
-{
-    state.bitxor(input)
-}
-
 #[aggregate("first_value(*) -> auto", state = "ref")]
 fn first_value<T>(state: T, _: T) -> T {
     state
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
index 22cfa7ce8b588..d1373acae31b2 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/mod.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 
 mod approx_count_distinct;
 mod array_agg;
+mod bit_and;
+mod bit_or;
+mod bit_xor;
 mod bool_and;
 mod bool_or;
 mod general;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
index 929eb19b9318b..2ac39be99ac8c 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/array_access.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn array_access(list: ListRef<'_>, index: i32) -> Option<ScalarRefImpl<'_>> {
         return None;
     }
     // returns `NULL` if index is out of bounds
-    list.elem_at(index as usize - 1).flatten()
+    list.get(index as usize - 1).flatten()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
index 53123489d7976..c3ecd6afabf5b 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_subscripts.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn generate_subscripts_inner(array: ListRef<'_>, dim: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
         ..=0 => nothing,
         1 => (1, array.len() as i32 + 1),
         // Although RW's array can be zig-zag, we just look at the first element.
-        2.. => match array.elem_at(0) {
+        2.. => match array.get(0) {
             Some(Some(ScalarRefImpl::List(list))) => generate_subscripts_inner(list, dim - 1),
             _ => nothing,
         },
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
index 083f184add5e7..9155853df5b7b 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/gen.rs
@@ -675,10 +675,17 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
                 }
                 1 => {
                     let first_state = if self.init_state.is_some() {
+                        // for count, the state will never be None
                         quote! { unreachable!() }
                     } else if let Some(s) = &self.state && s == "ref" {
                         // for min/max/first/last, the state is the first value
                         quote! { Some(v0) }
+                    } else if let AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(impl_) = user_fn && impl_.create_state.is_some() {
+                        // use user-defined create_state function
+                        quote! {{
+                            let state = self.function.create_state();
+                            #next_state
+                        }}
                     } else {
                         quote! {{
                             let state = #state_type::default();
@@ -712,14 +719,22 @@ impl FunctionAttr {
             AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(_) => quote! {},
             AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(i) => {
                 let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", i.struct_name);
-                quote! { function: #struct_name, }
+                let generic = self.generic.as_ref().map(|g| {
+                    let g = format_ident!("{g}");
+                    quote! { <#g> }
+                });
+                quote! { function: #struct_name #generic, }
             }
         };
         let function_new = match user_fn {
             AggregateFnOrImpl::Fn(_) => quote! {},
             AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(i) => {
                 let struct_name = format_ident!("{}", i.struct_name);
-                quote! { function: #struct_name::default(), }
+                let generic = self.generic.as_ref().map(|g| {
+                    let g = format_ident!("{g}");
+                    quote! { ::<#g> }
+                });
+                quote! { function: #struct_name #generic :: default(), }
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index cb57d0cf75383..24760d06f4341 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -495,6 +495,8 @@ struct FunctionAttr {
     prebuild: Option<String>,
     /// Type inference function.
     type_infer: Option<String>,
+    /// Generic type.
+    generic: Option<String>,
     /// Whether the function is volatile.
     volatile: bool,
     /// Whether the function is deprecated.
@@ -536,6 +538,7 @@ struct AggregateImpl {
     #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): add merge to trait
     merge: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
     finalize: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
+    create_state: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
     #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): support encode
     encode_state: Option<UserFunctionAttr>,
     #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO(wrj): support decode
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
index be7a6c86df624..24cc6942afcee 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/parse.rs
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ impl Parse for FunctionAttr {
                 parsed.prebuild = Some(get_value()?);
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("type_infer") {
                 parsed.type_infer = Some(get_value()?);
+            } else if meta.path().is_ident("generic") {
+                parsed.generic = Some(get_value()?);
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("volatile") {
                 parsed.volatile = true;
             } else if meta.path().is_ident("deprecated") {
@@ -141,12 +143,18 @@ impl Parse for AggregateImpl {
                 _ => None,
             })
         };
+        let self_path = itemimpl.self_ty.to_token_stream().to_string();
+        let struct_name = match self_path.split_once('<') {
+            Some((path, _)) => path.trim().into(), // remove generic parameters
+            None => self_path,
+        };
         Ok(AggregateImpl {
-            struct_name: itemimpl.self_ty.to_token_stream().to_string(),
+            struct_name,
             accumulate: parse_function("accumulate").expect("expect accumulate function"),
             retract: parse_function("retract"),
             merge: parse_function("merge"),
             finalize: parse_function("finalize"),
+            create_state: parse_function("create_state"),
             encode_state: parse_function("encode_state"),
             decode_state: parse_function("decode_state"),
         })
@@ -155,6 +163,8 @@ impl Parse for AggregateImpl {
 
 impl Parse for AggregateFnOrImpl {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        // consume attributes
+        let _ = input.call(syn::Attribute::parse_outer)?;
         if input.peek(Token![impl]) {
             Ok(AggregateFnOrImpl::Impl(input.parse()?))
         } else {

From 12a5b2e2ca06afaa297ba8f0888f20eaaea5cb69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 18:28:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 303/430] fix(streaming): stall barrier until at least 1
 snapshot read passed (#12780)

---
 ci/scripts/backfill-test.sh                   |  7 ---
 ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh              | 60 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 48 ++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/backfill-test.sh b/ci/scripts/backfill-test.sh
index 039e8bee94865..c0b95da958fed 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/backfill-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/backfill-test.sh
@@ -30,13 +30,6 @@ git config --global --add safe.directory /risingwave
 
 download_and_prepare_rw "$profile" common
 
-echo "--- e2e, ci-backfill, build"
-cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
-
 ################ TESTS
 
-echo "--- e2e, ci-backfill, run backfill test"
 ./ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
-
-echo "--- Kill cluster"
-cargo make kill
diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
index 77a6ef1a5510c..86dbcb376c255 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
@@ -29,15 +29,59 @@ flush() {
   run_sql "FLUSH;"
 }
 
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_base_table.sql
+basic() {
+  echo "--- e2e, test_backfill_basic"
+  cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
+  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_base_table.sql
 
-# Provide snapshot
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql &
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_mv.sql &
+  # Provide snapshot
+  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql
+  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql &
+  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_mv.sql &
 
-wait
+  wait
 
-run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/select.sql </dev/null
+  run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/select.sql </dev/null
 
-echo "Backfill tests complete"
+  echo "--- Kill cluster"
+  cargo make kill
+}
+
+# Lots of upstream tombstone, backfill should still proceed.
+test_backfill_tombstone() {
+  echo "--- e2e, test_backfill_tombstone"
+  cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
+  ./risedev psql -c "
+  CREATE TABLE tomb (v1 int)
+  WITH (
+    connector = 'datagen',
+    fields.v1._.kind = 'sequence',
+    datagen.rows.per.second = '10000000'
+  )
+  FORMAT PLAIN
+  ENCODE JSON;
+  "
+
+  sleep 30
+
+  bash -c '
+    set -euo pipefail
+
+    for i in $(seq 1 1000)
+    do
+      ./risedev psql -c "DELETE FROM tomb; FLUSH;"
+      sleep 1
+    done
+  ' 1>deletes.log 2>&1 &
+
+  ./risedev psql -c "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as select * from tomb;"
+  echo "--- Kill cluster"
+  cargo make kill
+}
+
+main() {
+  basic
+  test_backfill_tombstone
+}
+
+main
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index 5d84bc6257ca7..1897bb4819142 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -259,6 +259,8 @@ where
             'backfill_loop: loop {
                 let mut cur_barrier_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 = 0;
                 let mut cur_barrier_upstream_processed_rows: u64 = 0;
+                let mut snapshot_read_complete = false;
+                let mut has_snapshot_read = false;
 
                 // We should not buffer rows from previous epoch, else we can have duplicates.
                 assert!(upstream_chunk_buffer.is_empty());
@@ -277,13 +279,13 @@ where
 
                     // Prefer to select upstream, so we can stop snapshot stream as soon as the
                     // barrier comes.
-                    let backfill_stream =
+                    let mut backfill_stream =
                         select_with_strategy(left_upstream, right_snapshot, |_: &mut ()| {
                             stream::PollNext::Left
                         });
 
                     #[for_await]
-                    for either in backfill_stream {
+                    for either in &mut backfill_stream {
                         match either {
                             // Upstream
                             Either::Left(msg) => {
@@ -358,6 +360,7 @@ where
                             }
                             // Snapshot read
                             Either::Right(msg) => {
+                                has_snapshot_read = true;
                                 match msg? {
                                     None => {
                                         // End of the snapshot read stream.
@@ -397,6 +400,43 @@ where
                             }
                         }
                     }
+
+                    // Before processing barrier, if did not snapshot read,
+                    // do a snapshot read first.
+                    // This is so we don't lose the tombstone iteration progress.
+                    if !has_snapshot_read {
+                        let (_, snapshot) = backfill_stream.into_inner();
+                        #[for_await]
+                        for msg in snapshot {
+                            let Either::Right(msg) = msg else {
+                                bail!("BUG: snapshot_read contains upstream messages");
+                            };
+                            match msg? {
+                                None => {
+                                    // End of the snapshot read stream.
+                                    // We let the barrier handling logic take care of upstream updates.
+                                    // But we still want to exit backfill loop, so we mark snapshot read complete.
+                                    snapshot_read_complete = true;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                Some(chunk) => {
+                                    // Raise the current position.
+                                    // As snapshot read streams are ordered by pk, so we can
+                                    // just use the last row to update `current_pos`.
+                                    current_pos = Some(get_new_pos(&chunk, &pk_in_output_indices));
+
+                                    let chunk_cardinality = chunk.cardinality() as u64;
+                                    cur_barrier_snapshot_processed_rows += chunk_cardinality;
+                                    total_snapshot_processed_rows += chunk_cardinality;
+                                    yield Message::Chunk(mapping_chunk(
+                                        chunk,
+                                        &self.output_indices,
+                                    ));
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 // When we break out of inner backfill_stream loop, it means we have a barrier.
                 // If there are no updates and there are no snapshots left,
@@ -486,6 +526,10 @@ where
 
                 yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
 
+                if snapshot_read_complete {
+                    break 'backfill_loop;
+                }
+
                 // We will switch snapshot at the start of the next iteration of the backfill loop.
             }
         }

From 60b342965d960ea2d6769d6c412f79318b42739e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 19:19:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 304/430] refactor(state_table): unify iterator interfaces of
 state table (#12364)

---
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs                 | 11 ++-
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs    | 79 ++++---------------
 .../src/common/table/test_state_table.rs      | 79 +++++++++++++------
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs | 10 ++-
 .../executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs     | 12 ++-
 .../src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs    | 26 +++---
 src/stream/src/executor/now.rs                | 11 ++-
 src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs   |  8 +-
 .../executor/over_window/over_partition.rs    | 16 ++--
 src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs        |  4 +-
 .../executor/source/state_table_handler.rs    |  4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_state.rs  | 14 +++-
 13 files changed, 151 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs
index 823febed50a43..7dfd798a2b5be 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::Bound;
+use std::ops::Bound::Unbounded;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::Subcommand;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::{pin_mut, Future, StreamExt};
+use risingwave_common::row::{self, OwnedRow};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_storage::store::PrefetchOptions;
 use size::Size;
@@ -102,8 +105,14 @@ pub async fn do_bench(context: &CtlContext, cmd: BenchCommands) -> Result<()> {
                         tb
                     };
                     loop {
+                        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) =
+                            &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
                         let stream = state_table
-                            .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+                            .iter_with_prefix(
+                                row::empty(),
+                                sub_range,
+                                PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+                            )
                             .await?;
                         pin_mut!(stream);
                         iter_cnt.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index dd8c0ec496033..7beaef468cf61 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ where
                     let mut streams = vec![];
                     for vnode in self.vnodes().iter_vnodes() {
                         let stream = self
-                            .iter_row_with_pk_range(&range, vnode, PrefetchOptions::default())
+                            .iter_with_vnode(vnode, &range, PrefetchOptions::default())
                             .await?;
                         streams.push(Box::pin(stream));
                     }
@@ -1094,38 +1094,16 @@ where
     S: StateStore,
     SD: ValueRowSerde,
 {
-    /// This function scans rows from the relational table.
-    pub async fn iter_row(
-        &self,
-        prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
-        self.iter_row_with_pk_prefix(row::empty(), prefetch_options)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `pk_prefix`.
-    /// `pk_prefix` is used to identify the exact vnode the scan should perform on.
-    pub async fn iter_row_with_pk_prefix(
-        &self,
-        pk_prefix: impl Row,
-        prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
-        Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
-            self.iter_kv_with_pk_prefix(pk_prefix, prefetch_options)
-                .await?,
-            &self.row_serde,
-        ))
-    }
-
     /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `pk_range` under the same
     /// `vnode`.
-    pub async fn iter_row_with_pk_range(
+    pub async fn iter_with_vnode(
         &self,
-        pk_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
+
         // Optional vnode that returns an iterator only over the given range under that vnode.
         // For now, we require this parameter, and will panic. In the future, when `None`, we can
         // iterate over each vnode that the `StateTableInner` owns.
         vnode: VirtualNode,
+        pk_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
         prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
         Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
@@ -1155,49 +1133,26 @@ where
         Ok(self.local_store.iter(table_key_range, read_options).await?)
     }
 
-    /// This function scans raw key-values from the relational table with specific `pk_prefix`.
+    /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `sub_range` under the same
+    /// `vnode`. If `sub_range` is (Unbounded, Unbounded), it scans rows from the relational table with specific `pk_prefix`.
     /// `pk_prefix` is used to identify the exact vnode the scan should perform on.
-    async fn iter_kv_with_pk_prefix(
+    pub async fn iter_with_prefix(
         &self,
         pk_prefix: impl Row,
+        sub_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
         prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<<S::Local as LocalStateStore>::IterStream<'_>> {
-        let prefix_serializer = self.pk_serde.prefix(pk_prefix.len());
-        let encoded_prefix = serialize_pk(&pk_prefix, &prefix_serializer);
-        let encoded_key_range = range_of_prefix(&encoded_prefix);
-
-        // We assume that all usages of iterating the state table only access a single vnode.
-        // If this assertion fails, then something must be wrong with the operator implementation or
-        // the distribution derivation from the optimizer.
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
         let vnode = self.compute_prefix_vnode(&pk_prefix).to_be_bytes();
-        let encoded_key_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(encoded_key_range, &vnode);
-
-        // Construct prefix hint for prefix bloom filter.
-        let pk_prefix_indices = &self.pk_indices[..pk_prefix.len()];
-        if self.prefix_hint_len != 0 {
-            debug_assert_eq!(self.prefix_hint_len, pk_prefix.len());
-        }
-        let prefix_hint = {
-            if self.prefix_hint_len == 0 || self.prefix_hint_len > pk_prefix.len() {
-                None
-            } else {
-                let encoded_prefix_len = self
-                    .pk_serde
-                    .deserialize_prefix_len(&encoded_prefix, self.prefix_hint_len)?;
-
-                Some(Bytes::from(encoded_prefix[..encoded_prefix_len].to_vec()))
-            }
-        };
 
-        trace!(
-            table_id = %self.table_id(),
-            ?prefix_hint, ?encoded_key_range_with_vnode, ?pk_prefix,
-             ?pk_prefix_indices,
-            "storage_iter_with_prefix"
-        );
+        let memcomparable_range =
+            prefix_and_sub_range_to_memcomparable(&self.pk_serde, sub_range, pk_prefix);
 
-        self.iter_kv(encoded_key_range_with_vnode, prefix_hint, prefetch_options)
-            .await
+        let memcomparable_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(memcomparable_range, &vnode);
+        Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
+            self.iter_kv(memcomparable_range_with_vnode, None, prefetch_options)
+                .await?,
+            &self.row_serde,
+        ))
     }
 
     /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `pk_sub_range` under the same
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
index c0a07ebcb2f02..7b6d1dce99f21 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/test_state_table.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::ops::Bound;
+use std::ops::Bound::{self, *};
 
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
@@ -282,8 +282,9 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_prefix() {
     ]));
 
     let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(&pk_prefix, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_prefix(&pk_prefix, sub_range, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
     pin_mut!(iter);
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_pk_range() {
         std::ops::Bound::Included(OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(4_i32.into())])),
     );
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_range(&pk_range, DEFAULT_VNODE, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_vnode(DEFAULT_VNODE, &pk_range, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
     pin_mut!(iter);
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_pk_range() {
         std::ops::Bound::<row::Empty>::Unbounded,
     );
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_range(&pk_range, DEFAULT_VNODE, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_vnode(DEFAULT_VNODE, &pk_range, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
     pin_mut!(iter);
@@ -576,9 +577,12 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_value_indices() {
         Some(99_i32.into()),
         Some(999_i32.into()),
     ]));
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     {
-        let iter = state_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await.unwrap();
+        let iter = state_table
+            .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         pin_mut!(iter);
 
         let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -633,7 +637,10 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_value_indices() {
         Some(888_i32.into()),
     ]));
 
-    let iter = state_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await.unwrap();
+    let iter = state_table
+        .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
     pin_mut!(iter);
 
     let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -737,9 +744,12 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_shuffle_value_indices() {
         Some(99_i32.into()),
         Some(999_i32.into()),
     ]));
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     {
-        let iter = state_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await.unwrap();
+        let iter = state_table
+            .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         pin_mut!(iter);
 
         let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -815,7 +825,10 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_with_shuffle_value_indices() {
         Some(888_i32.into()),
     ]));
 
-    let iter = state_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await.unwrap();
+    let iter = state_table
+        .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
     pin_mut!(iter);
 
     let res = iter.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -1000,9 +1013,13 @@ async fn test_state_table_write_chunk() {
     );
 
     state_table.write_chunk(chunk);
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     let rows: Vec<_> = state_table
-        .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+        .iter_with_prefix(
+            row::empty(),
+            sub_range,
+            PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -1114,9 +1131,13 @@ async fn test_state_table_write_chunk_visibility() {
         StreamChunk::with_visibility(ops, columns, Bitmap::from_iter([true, true, true, false]));
 
     state_table.write_chunk(chunk);
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     let rows: Vec<_> = state_table
-        .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+        .iter_with_prefix(
+            row::empty(),
+            sub_range,
+            PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -1226,9 +1247,13 @@ async fn test_state_table_write_chunk_value_indices() {
     );
 
     state_table.write_chunk(chunk);
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     let rows: Vec<_> = state_table
-        .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+        .iter_with_prefix(
+            row::empty(),
+            sub_range,
+            PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -1508,9 +1533,13 @@ async fn test_state_table_watermark_cache_ignore_null() {
     let chunk = StreamChunk::from_rows(&rows, &data_types);
 
     state_table.write_chunk(chunk);
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     let inserted_rows: Vec<_> = state_table
-        .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+        .iter_with_prefix(
+            row::empty(),
+            sub_range,
+            PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -1795,9 +1824,13 @@ async fn test_state_table_watermark_cache_refill() {
     for row in &rows {
         state_table.insert(row);
     }
-
+    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
     let inserted_rows: Vec<_> = state_table
-        .iter_row(PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+        .iter_with_prefix(
+            row::empty(),
+            sub_range,
+            PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+        )
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -1895,7 +1928,7 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_prefix_and_sub_range() {
     );
 
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range1, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_prefix(pk_prefix, &sub_range1, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
@@ -1933,7 +1966,7 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_prefix_and_sub_range() {
 
     let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range2, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_prefix(pk_prefix, &sub_range2, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
@@ -1971,7 +2004,7 @@ async fn test_state_table_iter_prefix_and_sub_range() {
 
     let pk_prefix = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(1_i32.into())]);
     let iter = state_table
-        .iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(pk_prefix, &sub_range3, Default::default())
+        .iter_with_prefix(pk_prefix, &sub_range3, Default::default())
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
index 99043f679db76..78c7d484385e8 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::Bound::{self};
+
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::estimate_size::EstimateSize;
-use risingwave_common::row::RowExt;
+use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::Datum;
 use risingwave_common::util::row_serde::OrderedRowSerde;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
@@ -182,10 +184,12 @@ impl MaterializedInputState {
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Datum> {
         if !self.cache.is_synced() {
             let mut cache_filler = self.cache.begin_syncing();
-
+            let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) =
+                &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
             let all_data_iter = state_table
-                .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(
+                .iter_with_prefix(
                     group_key.map(GroupKey::table_pk),
+                    sub_range,
                     PrefetchOptions {
                         exhaust_iter: cache_filler.capacity().is_none(),
                     },
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
index 951e4a4235d3d..ae5e8696de6c3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/arrangement_backfill.rs
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ where
             let range_bounds = range_bounds.unwrap();
 
             let vnode_row_iter = upstream_table
-                .iter_row_with_pk_range(&range_bounds, vnode, Default::default())
+                .iter_with_vnode(vnode, &range_bounds, Default::default())
                 .await?;
 
             // TODO: Is there some way to avoid double-pin here?
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
index d70134922c20e..e8eb4da545f2e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::{Bitmap, BitmapBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
-use risingwave_common::row::{once, OwnedRow as RowData, Row};
+use risingwave_common::row::{self, once, OwnedRow, OwnedRow as RowData, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl, ToDatumRef, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{
@@ -232,7 +232,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
 
     async fn recover_rhs(&mut self) -> Result<Option<RowData>, StreamExecutorError> {
         // Recover value for RHS if available
-        let rhs_stream = self.right_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await?;
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
+        let rhs_stream = self
+            .right_table
+            .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+            .await?;
         pin_mut!(rhs_stream);
 
         if let Some(res) = rhs_stream.next().await {
@@ -389,9 +393,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
                         // TODO: prefetching for append-only case.
                         let streams = futures::future::try_join_all(
                             self.left_table.vnodes().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                                self.left_table.iter_row_with_pk_range(
-                                    &range,
+                                self.left_table.iter_with_vnode(
                                     vnode,
+                                    &range,
                                     PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
                                 )
                             }),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
index 25e63d6f508af..b7a81a0f75745 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/managed_state/join/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 mod join_entry_state;
 
 use std::alloc::Global;
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::ops::{Bound, Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::future::try_join;
@@ -410,14 +410,18 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> JoinHashMap<K, S> {
         let mut entry_state = JoinEntryState::default();
 
         if self.need_degree_table {
-            let table_iter_fut = self
-                .state
-                .table
-                .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(&key, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter());
-            let degree_table_iter_fut = self
-                .degree_state
-                .table
-                .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(&key, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter());
+            let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) =
+                &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
+            let table_iter_fut = self.state.table.iter_with_prefix(
+                &key,
+                sub_range,
+                PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+            );
+            let degree_table_iter_fut = self.degree_state.table.iter_with_prefix(
+                &key,
+                sub_range,
+                PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+            );
 
             let (table_iter, degree_table_iter) =
                 try_join(table_iter_fut, degree_table_iter_fut).await?;
@@ -445,10 +449,12 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> JoinHashMap<K, S> {
                 );
             }
         } else {
+            let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) =
+                &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
             let table_iter = self
                 .state
                 .table
-                .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(&key, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+                .iter_with_prefix(&key, sub_range, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
                 .await?;
 
             #[for_await]
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
index 636dabd59095e..2ee5468ff5ad9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/now.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::Bound;
+use std::ops::Bound::Unbounded;
+
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::row;
+use risingwave_common::row::{self, OwnedRow};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
@@ -79,9 +82,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> NowExecutor<S> {
             if !initialized {
                 // Handle the first barrier.
                 state_table.init_epoch(barrier.epoch);
-
                 let state_row = {
-                    let data_iter = state_table.iter_row(Default::default()).await?;
+                    let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Unbounded, Unbounded);
+                    let data_iter = state_table
+                        .iter_with_prefix(row::empty(), sub_range, Default::default())
+                        .await?;
                     pin_mut!(data_iter);
                     if let Some(keyed_row) = data_iter.next().await {
                         Some(keyed_row?)
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
index d483b0c345c0f..b5da45edd47e5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/eowc.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::Bound;
 
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures_async_stream::{for_await, try_stream};
@@ -195,10 +196,15 @@ impl<S: StateStore> EowcOverWindowExecutor<S> {
             curr_row_buffer: Default::default(),
         };
 
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
         // Recover states from state table.
         let table_iter = this
             .state_table
-            .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(partition_key, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
+            .iter_with_prefix(
+                partition_key,
+                sub_range,
+                PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+            )
             .await?;
 
         #[for_await]
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
index 06cd7de3bc526..b89c51478dbd2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
@@ -456,9 +456,11 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
         tracing::trace!(partition=?self.this_partition_key, "loading the whole partition into cache");
 
         let mut new_cache = PartitionCache::new(); // shouldn't use `new_empty_partition_cache` here because we don't want sentinels
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
         let table_iter = table
-            .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(
+            .iter_with_prefix(
                 self.this_partition_key,
+                sub_range,
                 PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
             )
             .await?;
@@ -571,9 +573,9 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         let streams = stream::iter(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes())
             .map(|vnode| {
-                table.iter_row_with_pk_range(
-                    &table_pk_range,
+                table.iter_with_vnode(
                     vnode,
+                    &table_pk_range,
                     PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
                 )
             })
@@ -651,11 +653,7 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
             );
             let streams: Vec<_> =
                 futures::future::try_join_all(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    table.iter_row_with_pk_range(
-                        &pk_range,
-                        vnode,
-                        PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
-                    )
+                    table.iter_with_vnode(vnode, &pk_range, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
                 }))
                 .await?
                 .into_iter()
@@ -749,7 +747,7 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
             );
             let streams: Vec<_> =
                 futures::future::try_join_all(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    table.iter_row_with_pk_range(&pk_range, vnode, PrefetchOptions::default())
+                    table.iter_with_vnode(vnode, &pk_range, PrefetchOptions::default())
                 }))
                 .await?
                 .into_iter()
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
index 709597109af14..a1d6e3286ed5f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/sort_buffer.rs
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SortBuffer<S> {
 
         let streams: Vec<_> =
             futures::future::try_join_all(buffer_table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                buffer_table.iter_row_with_pk_range(
-                    &pk_range,
+                buffer_table.iter_with_vnode(
                     vnode,
+                    &pk_range,
                     PrefetchOptions::new_with_exhaust_iter(filler.capacity().is_none()),
                 )
             }))
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
index f1ee9f0c90d4b..85c6d2d780d60 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SourceStateTableHandler<S> {
         // all source executor has vnode id zero
         let iter = self
             .state_store
-            .iter_row_with_pk_range(
-                &(start, end),
+            .iter_with_vnode(
                 VirtualNode::ZERO,
+                &(start, end),
                 PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
             )
             .await?;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_state.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_state.rs
index 87d19e8550861..841e7f5bb50d7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_state.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_state.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::ops::Bound;
+
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
@@ -81,9 +83,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ManagedTopNState<S> {
         offset: usize,
         limit: Option<usize>,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Vec<TopNStateRow>> {
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
         let state_table_iter = self
             .state_table
-            .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(&group_key, Default::default())
+            .iter_with_prefix(&group_key, sub_range, Default::default())
             .await?;
         pin_mut!(state_table_iter);
 
@@ -118,10 +121,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ManagedTopNState<S> {
         cache_size_limit: usize,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         let cache = &mut topn_cache.high;
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
         let state_table_iter = self
             .state_table
-            .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(
+            .iter_with_prefix(
                 &group_key,
+                sub_range,
                 PrefetchOptions {
                     exhaust_iter: cache_size_limit == usize::MAX,
                 },
@@ -165,11 +170,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore> ManagedTopNState<S> {
         assert!(topn_cache.low.is_empty());
         assert!(topn_cache.middle.is_empty());
         assert!(topn_cache.high.is_empty());
-
+        let sub_range: &(Bound<OwnedRow>, Bound<OwnedRow>) = &(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded);
         let state_table_iter = self
             .state_table
-            .iter_row_with_pk_prefix(
+            .iter_with_prefix(
                 &group_key,
+                sub_range,
                 PrefetchOptions {
                     exhaust_iter: topn_cache.limit == usize::MAX,
                 },

From d77687632ac4b25127bddce353877614ec478318 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 19:42:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 305/430] feat(jdbc-sink): support sink varchar to uuid for
 postgres and improve java building time (#12704)

---
 e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.check.pg.slt        |  5 ++
 e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.load.slt            | 16 ++++++
 e2e_test/sink/remote/pg_create_table.sql      |  2 +
 java/common-utils/pom.xml                     |  3 +-
 java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml     |  7 +--
 .../risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml      |  7 +--
 .../risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml         |  6 ++-
 .../risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml         |  7 +--
 .../risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml              | 10 ++--
 .../risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml           |  7 +--
 .../risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml              |  6 ++-
 .../com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java    | 52 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../connector/jdbc/JdbcDialectFactory.java    |  2 +-
 .../connector/jdbc/MySqlDialectFactory.java   |  2 +-
 .../connector/jdbc/PostgresDialect.java       | 30 +++++++----
 .../jdbc/PostgresDialectFactory.java          |  4 +-
 .../risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml             |  6 +--
 java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml           | 10 ++--
 java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml    |  7 +--
 java/java-binding/pom.xml                     |  8 +--
 java/pom.xml                                  |  2 +-
 java/proto/pom.xml                            | 16 ++++--
 java/udf/pom.xml                              |  2 +-
 23 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.check.pg.slt b/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.check.pg.slt
index 82d87571b35ac..6293c44a5a444 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.check.pg.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.check.pg.slt
@@ -39,3 +39,8 @@ select * from biz.t2 order by "aBc";
 ----
 1
 2
+
+query IT
+select * from t1_uuid;
+----
+221 74605c5a-a7bb-4b3b-8742-2a12e9709dea hello world
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.load.slt b/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.load.slt
index 235348f5bd82c..70ad3f9a3a42b 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.load.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/remote/jdbc.load.slt
@@ -144,6 +144,22 @@ CREATE SINK s_pg_t2 FROM tt2 WITH (
     force_append_only=true
 );
 
+
+statement ok
+create table t1_uuid (v1 int primary key, v2 varchar, v3 varchar);
+
+statement ok
+CREATE SINK s1_uuid FROM t1_uuid WITH (
+    connector='jdbc',
+    jdbc.url='jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/test?user=test&password=connector',
+    table.name='t1_uuid',
+    primary_key='v1',
+    type='upsert'
+);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t1_uuid values (221, '74605c5a-a7bb-4b3b-8742-2a12e9709dea', 'hello world');
+
 statement ok
 INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES
     (1),
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/remote/pg_create_table.sql b/e2e_test/sink/remote/pg_create_table.sql
index c899b788e3506..fd06aca93ce7b 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/remote/pg_create_table.sql
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/remote/pg_create_table.sql
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ CREATE TABLE t_types (
     jsonb_column JSONB
 );
 
+CREATE TABLE t1_uuid (v1 int primary key, v2 uuid, v3 varchar);
+
 CREATE SCHEMA biz;
 CREATE TABLE biz.t_types (
     id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
diff --git a/java/common-utils/pom.xml b/java/common-utils/pom.xml
index 3a2922f30154a..c74e4082c42c4 100644
--- a/java/common-utils/pom.xml
+++ b/java/common-utils/pom.xml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -29,4 +30,4 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
index 9aa7deb2b2bb2..39fe113d448f5 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/connector-api/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     <properties>
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -34,4 +35,4 @@
             <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
index 0d275333bbca9..e99a689d9c688 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <file.encoding>UTF-8</file.encoding>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -106,4 +107,4 @@
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
index 3276846d162c3..82119156100cd 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-cassandra/pom.xml
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-cassandra</name>
 
+    <properties>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
+    </properties>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -58,4 +62,4 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
index 77ff44bdf4f27..b9fc1c175615e 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-deltalake/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
         <parquet.version>1.12.3</parquet.version>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -88,4 +89,4 @@
             <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
index 7ae2c0fa6357c..ca8a264e53a94 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-es-7/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-es-7</name>
 
+    <properties>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
+    </properties>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -61,4 +65,4 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
index 6f5117453e9cc..d89d393ea7392 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-iceberg/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         <iceberg.version>1.0.0</iceberg.version>
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -88,4 +89,4 @@
         </dependency>
 
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
index 982371c3839d6..bcdd8fd67fbae 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/pom.xml
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>risingwave-sink-jdbc</name>
 
+    <properties>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
+    </properties>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -51,4 +55,4 @@
         </dependency>
 
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
index db09572c30db8..ea8429536c03c 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JDBCSink.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.SinkRow;
 import com.risingwave.connector.api.sink.SinkWriterBase;
 import com.risingwave.connector.jdbc.JdbcDialect;
-import com.risingwave.connector.jdbc.JdbcDialectFactory;
 import com.risingwave.proto.Data;
 import io.grpc.Status;
 import java.sql.*;
@@ -33,7 +32,9 @@ public class JDBCSink extends SinkWriterBase {
     private final JDBCSinkConfig config;
     private final Connection conn;
     private final List<String> pkColumnNames;
+
     public static final String JDBC_COLUMN_NAME_KEY = "COLUMN_NAME";
+    public static final String JDBC_DATA_TYPE_KEY = "DATA_TYPE";
 
     private PreparedStatement insertPreparedStmt;
     private PreparedStatement upsertPreparedStmt;
@@ -48,18 +49,31 @@ public JDBCSink(JDBCSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
 
         var jdbcUrl = config.getJdbcUrl().toLowerCase();
         var factory = JdbcUtils.getDialectFactory(jdbcUrl);
-        this.jdbcDialect =
-                factory.map(JdbcDialectFactory::create)
-                        .orElseThrow(
-                                () ->
-                                        Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
-                                                .withDescription("Unsupported jdbc url: " + jdbcUrl)
-                                                .asRuntimeException());
         this.config = config;
         try {
             this.conn = DriverManager.getConnection(config.getJdbcUrl());
             this.pkColumnNames =
                     getPkColumnNames(conn, config.getTableName(), config.getSchemaName());
+            // column name -> java.sql.Types
+            Map<String, Integer> columnTypeMapping =
+                    getColumnTypeMapping(conn, config.getTableName(), config.getSchemaName());
+
+            // create an array that each slot corresponding to each column in TableSchema
+            var columnSqlTypes = new int[tableSchema.getNumColumns()];
+            for (int columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < tableSchema.getNumColumns(); columnIdx++) {
+                var columnName = tableSchema.getColumnNames()[columnIdx];
+                columnSqlTypes[columnIdx] = columnTypeMapping.get(columnName);
+            }
+            LOG.info("columnSqlTypes: {}", Arrays.toString(columnSqlTypes));
+
+            if (factory.isPresent()) {
+                this.jdbcDialect = factory.get().create(columnSqlTypes);
+            } else {
+                throw Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                        .withDescription("Unsupported jdbc url: " + jdbcUrl)
+                        .asRuntimeException();
+            }
+
             // disable auto commit can improve performance
             this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);
             // explicitly set isolation level to RC
@@ -113,6 +127,28 @@ public JDBCSink(JDBCSinkConfig config, TableSchema tableSchema) {
         }
     }
 
+    private static Map<String, Integer> getColumnTypeMapping(
+            Connection conn, String tableName, String schemaName) {
+        Map<String, Integer> columnTypeMap = new HashMap<>();
+        try {
+            ResultSet columnResultSet =
+                    conn.getMetaData().getColumns(null, schemaName, tableName, null);
+
+            while (columnResultSet.next()) {
+                columnTypeMap.put(
+                        columnResultSet.getString(JDBC_COLUMN_NAME_KEY),
+                        columnResultSet.getInt(JDBC_DATA_TYPE_KEY));
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription(
+                            String.format(ERROR_REPORT_TEMPLATE, e.getSQLState(), e.getMessage()))
+                    .asRuntimeException();
+        }
+        LOG.info("detected column type mapping {}", columnTypeMap);
+        return columnTypeMap;
+    }
+
     private static List<String> getPkColumnNames(
             Connection conn, String tableName, String schemaName) {
         List<String> pkColumnNames = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/JdbcDialectFactory.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/JdbcDialectFactory.java
index 22cfb6616be9a..49ac6d3d309ba 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/JdbcDialectFactory.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/JdbcDialectFactory.java
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@
 
 public interface JdbcDialectFactory {
 
-    JdbcDialect create();
+    JdbcDialect create(int[] columnSqlTypes);
 }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/MySqlDialectFactory.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/MySqlDialectFactory.java
index c007ee3f2fccd..0bfbfa857c3e4 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/MySqlDialectFactory.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/MySqlDialectFactory.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 public class MySqlDialectFactory implements JdbcDialectFactory {
 
     @Override
-    public JdbcDialect create() {
+    public JdbcDialect create(int[] columnSqlTypes) {
         return new MySqlDialect();
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialect.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialect.java
index b93c3d2ab3824..570e2beaf5a67 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialect.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialect.java
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@
 
 public class PostgresDialect implements JdbcDialect {
 
+    private final int[] columnSqlTypes;
+
+    public PostgresDialect(int[] columnSqlTypes) {
+        this.columnSqlTypes = columnSqlTypes;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public SchemaTableName createSchemaTableName(String schemaName, String tableName) {
         if (schemaName == null || schemaName.isBlank()) {
@@ -84,36 +90,42 @@ public void bindInsertIntoStatement(
             throws SQLException {
         var columnDescs = tableSchema.getColumnDescs();
         int placeholderIdx = 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < row.size(); i++) {
-            var column = columnDescs.get(i);
+        for (int columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < row.size(); columnIdx++) {
+            var column = columnDescs.get(columnIdx);
             switch (column.getDataType().getTypeName()) {
                 case DECIMAL:
-                    stmt.setBigDecimal(placeholderIdx++, (java.math.BigDecimal) row.get(i));
+                    stmt.setBigDecimal(placeholderIdx++, (java.math.BigDecimal) row.get(columnIdx));
                     break;
                 case INTERVAL:
-                    stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, new PGInterval((String) row.get(i)));
+                    stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, new PGInterval((String) row.get(columnIdx)));
                     break;
                 case JSONB:
                     // reference: https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/265
                     var pgObj = new PGobject();
                     pgObj.setType("jsonb");
-                    pgObj.setValue((String) row.get(i));
+                    pgObj.setValue((String) row.get(columnIdx));
                     stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, pgObj);
                     break;
                 case BYTEA:
-                    stmt.setBytes(placeholderIdx++, (byte[]) row.get(i));
+                    stmt.setBytes(placeholderIdx++, (byte[]) row.get(columnIdx));
                     break;
                 case LIST:
-                    var val = row.get(i);
+                    var val = row.get(columnIdx);
                     assert (val instanceof Object[]);
                     Object[] objArray = (Object[]) val;
                     assert (column.getDataType().getFieldTypeCount() == 1);
                     var fieldType = column.getDataType().getFieldType(0);
                     stmt.setArray(
-                            i + 1, conn.createArrayOf(fieldType.getTypeName().name(), objArray));
+                            placeholderIdx++,
+                            conn.createArrayOf(fieldType.getTypeName().name(), objArray));
+                    break;
+                case VARCHAR:
+                    // since VARCHAR column may sink to a UUID column, we get the target type
+                    // from the mapping which should be Types.OTHER.
+                    stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, row.get(columnIdx), columnSqlTypes[columnIdx]);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, row.get(i));
+                    stmt.setObject(placeholderIdx++, row.get(columnIdx));
                     break;
             }
         }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialectFactory.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialectFactory.java
index 5e55ebef858d1..7e1908e7e8c2a 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialectFactory.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-sink-jdbc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/jdbc/PostgresDialectFactory.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 public class PostgresDialectFactory implements JdbcDialectFactory {
 
     @Override
-    public JdbcDialect create() {
-        return new PostgresDialect();
+    public JdbcDialect create(int[] columnSqlTypes) {
+        return new PostgresDialect(columnSqlTypes);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
index bc5f1c3252b0d..683f472a65b14 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
             <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml b/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
index f9fb0a70dc307..80303bc914e67 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding-benchmark/pom.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <parent>
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
         <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
+    <properties>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
+    </properties>
+
     <artifactId>java-binding-benchmark</artifactId>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
@@ -38,4 +42,4 @@
             <artifactId>java-binding</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml b/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
index d50f26824dcba..08938feb351f0 100644
--- a/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding-integration-test/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     <properties>
         <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
     <dependencies>
@@ -31,4 +32,4 @@
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/java-binding/pom.xml b/java/java-binding/pom.xml
index 53946f143d201..d53eaa26b2d57 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/pom.xml
+++ b/java/java-binding/pom.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <parent>
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@
         <module.version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</module.version>
         <jni.loader.version>1.0.0</jni.loader.version>
         <java.binding.release>false</java.binding.release>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
     </properties>
 
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.questdb</groupId>
@@ -95,4 +97,4 @@
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/pom.xml b/java/pom.xml
index e72e831b798e5..4b815f9512eb5 100644
--- a/java/pom.xml
+++ b/java/pom.xml
@@ -441,4 +441,4 @@
             <url>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
         </repository>
     </distributionManagement>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/proto/pom.xml b/java/proto/pom.xml
index d2302f569747a..cb33ed9574e54 100644
--- a/java/proto/pom.xml
+++ b/java/proto/pom.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <parent>
         <artifactId>risingwave-java-root</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.risingwave</groupId>
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 
     <artifactId>proto</artifactId>
 
+    <properties>
+        <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
+    </properties>
+
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
@@ -48,10 +52,12 @@
                 <configuration>
                     <protoSourceRoot>${basedir}/../../proto/</protoSourceRoot>
                     <protocArtifact>
-                        com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
+                        com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
+                    </protocArtifact>
                     <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
                     <pluginArtifact>
-                        io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.49.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
+                        io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.49.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
+                    </pluginArtifact>
                 </configuration>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
@@ -66,4 +72,4 @@
     </build>
 
 
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/java/udf/pom.xml b/java/udf/pom.xml
index bdfa89ae6e628..e9ae758f5a880 100644
--- a/java/udf/pom.xml
+++ b/java/udf/pom.xml
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@
       </extension>
     </extensions>
   </build>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>

From e0059dfeda30442bdb023f8f9279fe0feba1116a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 20:21:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 306/430] fix(cdc-backfill): fix recovery of cdc table that
 subscribed to an empty table (#12773)

---
 .../src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs     | 21 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
index 2f522ae8eeb0c..b383f2f5bc790 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
@@ -227,7 +227,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
         #[allow(unused_variables)]
         let mut total_snapshot_processed_rows: u64 = 0;
 
-        let mut last_binlog_offset: Option<CdcOffset>;
+        // Read the current binlog offset as a low watermark
+        let mut last_binlog_offset: Option<CdcOffset> =
+            upstream_table_reader.current_binlog_offset().await?;
 
         let mut consumed_binlog_offset: Option<CdcOffset> = None;
 
@@ -251,7 +253,6 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
         //
         // Once the backfill loop ends, we forward the upstream directly to the downstream.
         if to_backfill {
-            last_binlog_offset = upstream_table_reader.current_binlog_offset().await?;
             // drive the upstream changelog first to ensure we can receive timely changelog event,
             // otherwise the upstream changelog may be blocked by the snapshot read stream
             let _ = Pin::new(&mut upstream).peek().await;
@@ -441,18 +442,23 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        } else {
+        } else if is_snapshot_empty {
+            tracing::info!(
+                upstream_table_id,
+                initial_binlog_offset = ?last_binlog_offset,
+                "upstream snapshot is empty, mark backfill is done and persist current binlog offset");
+
             Self::write_backfill_state(
                 &mut self.source_state_handler,
                 upstream_table_id,
                 &split_id,
                 &mut cdc_split,
-                None,
+                last_binlog_offset,
             )
             .await?;
         }
 
-        tracing::debug!(
+        tracing::info!(
             actor = self.actor_id,
             "CdcBackfill has already finished and forward messages directly to the downstream"
         );
@@ -485,6 +491,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
         cdc_split: &mut Option<SplitImpl>,
         last_binlog_offset: Option<CdcOffset>,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
+        assert!(
+            last_binlog_offset.is_some(),
+            "last binlog offset cannot be None"
+        );
+
         if let Some(split_id) = split_id.as_ref() {
             let mut key = split_id.to_string();
             key.push_str(BACKFILL_STATE_KEY_SUFFIX);

From ac2a58c4fd0e1b68e976adfc1db6df79e3aa51f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 20:27:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 307/430] refactor(connector): replace sink coordinator rpc
 with jni (#12724)

---
 java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h    |  16 ++
 .../connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.java  |  50 ++++++
 .../JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.java   |  55 +++++++
 .../connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java       |   3 +-
 ...ava => JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.java} |   6 +-
 .../com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java  |   4 +
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs             |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |   7 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              | 149 +++++++++++++++---
 src/jni_core/src/lib.rs                       |  46 +++++-
 src/jni_core/src/macros.rs                    |   4 +
 .../sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs   |   4 +-
 .../src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs  |  55 +++----
 src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs                    |   3 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs         |   2 +-
 15 files changed, 333 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.java
 create mode 100644 java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.java
 rename java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/{JniSinkResponseObserver.java => JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.java} (91%)

diff --git a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
index b289896699564..801aa046502d3 100644
--- a/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
+++ b/java/com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding.h
@@ -247,6 +247,22 @@ JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_recvSinkWr
 JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel
   (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong, jbyteArray);
 
+/*
+ * Class:     com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding
+ * Method:    recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel
+ * Signature: (J)[B
+ */
+JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel
+  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong);
+
+/*
+ * Class:     com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding
+ * Method:    sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel
+ * Signature: (J[B)Z
+ */
+JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel
+  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jlong, jbyteArray);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..92ecb78ee31ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector;
+
+import com.risingwave.java.binding.Binding;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSinkCoordinatorHandler {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkCoordinatorHandler.class);
+
+    public static void runJniSinkCoordinatorThread(long requestRxPtr, long responseTxPtr) {
+        // For jni.rs
+        java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
+                .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
+        JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver responseObserver =
+                new JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver(responseTxPtr);
+        SinkCoordinatorStreamObserver sinkCoordinatorStreamObserver =
+                new SinkCoordinatorStreamObserver(responseObserver);
+        try {
+            byte[] requestBytes;
+            while ((requestBytes = Binding.recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel(requestRxPtr))
+                    != null) {
+                var request =
+                        ConnectorServiceProto.SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest.parseFrom(requestBytes);
+                sinkCoordinatorStreamObserver.onNext(request);
+                if (!responseObserver.isSuccess()) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("fail to sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel");
+                }
+            }
+            sinkCoordinatorStreamObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            sinkCoordinatorStreamObserver.onError(t);
+        }
+        LOG.info("end of runJniSinkCoordinatorThread");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2a04e23f1a0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.risingwave.connector;
+
+import com.risingwave.java.binding.Binding;
+import com.risingwave.proto.ConnectorServiceProto;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver
+        implements StreamObserver<ConnectorServiceProto.SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse> {
+    private static final Logger LOG =
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver.class);
+    private long responseTxPtr;
+
+    private boolean success;
+
+    public JniSinkCoordinatorResponseObserver(long responseTxPtr) {
+        this.responseTxPtr = responseTxPtr;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNext(ConnectorServiceProto.SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse response) {
+        this.success =
+                Binding.sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel(
+                        this.responseTxPtr, response.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
+        LOG.error("JniSinkCoordinatorHandler onError: ", throwable);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCompleted() {
+        LOG.info("JniSinkCoordinatorHandler onCompleted");
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSuccess() {
+        return success;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java
index fbafb0161847c..6e6e27761ba3b 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler.java
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ public static void runJniSinkWriterThread(long requestRxPtr, long responseTxPtr)
         // For jni.rs
         java.lang.Thread.currentThread()
                 .setContextClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
-        JniSinkResponseObserver responseObserver = new JniSinkResponseObserver(responseTxPtr);
+        JniSinkWriterResponseObserver responseObserver =
+                new JniSinkWriterResponseObserver(responseTxPtr);
         SinkWriterStreamObserver sinkWriterStreamObserver =
                 new SinkWriterStreamObserver(responseObserver);
         try {
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.java
similarity index 91%
rename from java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java
rename to java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.java
index 493a10433c53e..735d85a06c1fc 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkResponseObserver.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.java
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public class JniSinkResponseObserver
+public class JniSinkWriterResponseObserver
         implements StreamObserver<ConnectorServiceProto.SinkWriterStreamResponse> {
-    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkResponseObserver.class);
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JniSinkWriterResponseObserver.class);
     private long responseTxPtr;
 
     private boolean success;
 
-    public JniSinkResponseObserver(long responseTxPtr) {
+    public JniSinkWriterResponseObserver(long responseTxPtr) {
         this.responseTxPtr = responseTxPtr;
     }
 
diff --git a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
index 732bb2e93c532..683437c9c2924 100644
--- a/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
+++ b/java/java-binding/src/main/java/com/risingwave/java/binding/Binding.java
@@ -82,4 +82,8 @@ public class Binding {
     public static native byte[] recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
 
     public static native boolean sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
+
+    public static native byte[] recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
+
+    public static native boolean sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 88ff53cccb714..56dd3a9452c05 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_metadata::Metadata::Serialized;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_metadata::SerializedMetadata;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::SinkMetadata;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde::de;
 use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use url::Url;
@@ -363,10 +362,7 @@ impl Sink for IcebergSink {
         .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
-    async fn new_coordinator(
-        &self,
-        _connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
+    async fn new_coordinator(&self) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
         let table = self.create_table().await?;
         let partition_type = table.current_partition_type()?;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 7825c0919d5d1..c59c95b0304b4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ use risingwave_common::metrics::{
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSinkType;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{PbSinkParam, SinkMetadata, TableSchema};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::error::RpcError;
-use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, MetaClient};
+use risingwave_rpc_client::MetaClient;
 use thiserror::Error;
 pub use tracing;
 
@@ -272,10 +272,7 @@ pub trait Sink: TryFrom<SinkParam, Error = SinkError> {
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()>;
     async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker>;
     #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
-    async fn new_coordinator(
-        &self,
-        _connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
+    async fn new_coordinator(&self) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
         Err(SinkError::Coordinator(anyhow!("no coordinator")))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 9c0fc6e84e976..0c42bbe3a3663 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::error::anyhow_error;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::JVM;
+use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_coordinator_stream_request::{
+    CommitMetadata, StartCoordinator,
+};
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::json_payload::RowOp;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::write_batch::{
     JsonPayload, Payload, StreamChunkPayload,
@@ -34,10 +37,10 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_request::{
 };
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_writer_stream_response::CommitResponse;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
-    sink_writer_stream_response, SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat, SinkWriterStreamRequest,
-    SinkWriterStreamResponse, ValidateSinkRequest, ValidateSinkResponse,
+    sink_coordinator_stream_request, sink_coordinator_stream_response, sink_writer_stream_response,
+    SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest, SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse, SinkMetadata, SinkPayloadFormat,
+    SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse, ValidateSinkRequest, ValidateSinkResponse,
 };
-use risingwave_rpc_client::{ConnectorClient, SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
 use tracing::warn;
@@ -46,7 +49,6 @@ use super::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder};
 use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
 use crate::sink::encoder::TimestampHandlingMode;
 use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
-use crate::sink::SinkError::Remote;
 use crate::sink::{
     DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkParam,
     SinkWriterParam,
@@ -229,16 +231,52 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
         .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
-    async fn new_coordinator(
-        &self,
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
-        RemoteCoordinator::new(
-            connector_client
-                .ok_or_else(|| Remote(anyhow_error!("no connector client specified")))?,
-            self.0.param.clone(),
-        )
-        .await
+    async fn new_coordinator(&self) -> Result<Self::Coordinator> {
+        RemoteCoordinator::new(self.0.param.clone()).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SinkCoordinatorStreamJniHandle {
+    request_tx: Sender<SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest>,
+    response_rx: Receiver<SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse>,
+}
+
+impl SinkCoordinatorStreamJniHandle {
+    pub async fn commit(&mut self, epoch: u64, metadata: Vec<SinkMetadata>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.request_tx
+            .send(SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest {
+                request: Some(sink_coordinator_stream_request::Request::Commit(
+                    CommitMetadata { epoch, metadata },
+                )),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
+
+        match self.response_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse {
+                response:
+                    Some(sink_coordinator_stream_response::Response::Commit(
+                        sink_coordinator_stream_response::CommitResponse {
+                            epoch: response_epoch,
+                        },
+                    )),
+            }) => {
+                if epoch == response_epoch {
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err(SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                        "get different response epoch to commit epoch: {} {}",
+                        epoch,
+                        response_epoch
+                    )))
+                }
+            }
+            msg => Err(SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                "should get Commit response but get {:?}",
+                msg
+            ))),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -555,15 +593,88 @@ where
 }
 
 pub struct RemoteCoordinator<R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
-    stream_handle: SinkCoordinatorStreamHandle,
+    stream_handle: SinkCoordinatorStreamJniHandle,
     _phantom: PhantomData<R>,
 }
 
 impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteCoordinator<R> {
-    pub async fn new(client: ConnectorClient, param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
-        let stream_handle = client
-            .start_sink_coordinator_stream(param.to_proto())
-            .await?;
+    pub async fn new(param: SinkParam) -> Result<Self> {
+        let (request_tx, request_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (response_tx, response_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+
+        let mut stream_handle = SinkCoordinatorStreamJniHandle {
+            request_tx,
+            response_rx,
+        };
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+
+            let result = env.call_static_method(
+                "com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler",
+                "runJniSinkCoordinatorThread",
+                "(JJ)V",
+                &[
+                    JValue::from(
+                        &request_rx as *const Receiver<SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest> as i64,
+                    ),
+                    JValue::from(
+                        &response_tx as *const Sender<SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse> as i64,
+                    ),
+                ],
+            );
+
+            match result {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    tracing::info!("end of jni call runJniSinkCoordinatorThread");
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("jni call error: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            };
+        });
+
+        let sink_coordinator_stream_request = SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest {
+            request: Some(sink_coordinator_stream_request::Request::Start(
+                StartCoordinator {
+                    param: Some(param.to_proto()),
+                },
+            )),
+        };
+
+        // First request
+        stream_handle
+            .request_tx
+            .send(sink_coordinator_stream_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    "fail to send start request for connector `{}`: {:?}",
+                    R::SINK_NAME,
+                    err
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+        // First response
+        match stream_handle.response_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse {
+                response: Some(sink_coordinator_stream_response::Response::Start(_)),
+            }) => {}
+            msg => {
+                return Err(SinkError::Internal(anyhow!(
+                    "should get start response for connector `{}` but get {:?}",
+                    R::SINK_NAME,
+                    msg
+                )));
+            }
+        };
+
+        tracing::trace!(
+            "{:?} RemoteCoordinator started with properties: {:?}",
+            R::SINK_NAME,
+            &param.properties
+        );
+
         Ok(RemoteCoordinator {
             stream_handle,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
index 61fe4ae8f2b1f..29bbf76929b45 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarRefImpl;
 use risingwave_common::util::panic::rw_catch_unwind;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
-    GetEventStreamResponse, SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse,
+    GetEventStreamResponse, SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest, SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse,
+    SinkWriterStreamRequest, SinkWriterStreamResponse,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::data::Op;
 use risingwave_storage::error::StorageError;
@@ -918,6 +919,49 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkWriterRe
     })
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel<
+    'a,
+>(
+    env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    mut channel: Pointer<'a, Receiver<SinkCoordinatorStreamRequest>>,
+) -> JByteArray<'a> {
+    execute_and_catch(env, move |env| match channel.as_mut().blocking_recv() {
+        Some(msg) => {
+            let bytes = env
+                .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&msg))
+                .unwrap();
+            Ok(bytes)
+        }
+        None => Ok(JObject::null().into()),
+    })
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_risingwave_java_binding_Binding_sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel<
+    'a,
+>(
+    env: EnvParam<'a>,
+    channel: Pointer<'a, Sender<SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse>>,
+    msg: JByteArray<'a>,
+) -> jboolean {
+    execute_and_catch(env, move |env| {
+        let sink_coordinator_stream_response: SinkCoordinatorStreamResponse =
+            Message::decode(to_guarded_slice(&msg, env)?.deref())?;
+
+        match channel
+            .as_ref()
+            .blocking_send(sink_coordinator_stream_response)
+        {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(JNI_TRUE),
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::info!("send error.  {:?}", e);
+                Ok(JNI_FALSE)
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::Timestamptz;
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
index be476c146d756..0ca0748fb0206 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/macros.rs
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ macro_rules! for_all_plain_native_methods {
                 public static native byte[] recvSinkWriterRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
 
                 public static native boolean sendSinkWriterResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
+
+                public static native byte[] recvSinkCoordinatorRequestFromChannel(long channelPtr);
+
+                public static native boolean sendSinkCoordinatorResponseToChannel(long channelPtr, byte[] msg);
             }
             $(,$args)*
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
index 1a7c42c108661..9b0d78ca688ee 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::connector_service::coordinate_response::{
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{
     coordinate_request, coordinate_response, CoordinateRequest, CoordinateResponse, SinkMetadata,
 };
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
 use tonic::Status;
 use tracing::{error, warn};
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ impl CoordinatorWorker {
     pub(crate) async fn run(
         first_writer_request: NewSinkWriterRequest,
         request_rx: UnboundedReceiver<NewSinkWriterRequest>,
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
     ) {
         let sink = match build_sink(first_writer_request.param.clone()) {
             Ok(sink) => sink,
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ impl CoordinatorWorker {
             }
         };
         dispatch_sink!(sink, sink, {
-            let coordinator = match sink.new_coordinator(connector_client).await {
+            let coordinator = match sink.new_coordinator().await {
                 Ok(coordinator) => coordinator,
                 Err(e) => {
                     error!(
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
index cd7f66c8ed865..6be688e5ffbdc 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::SinkId;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkParam;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::coordinate_request::Msg;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{coordinate_request, CoordinateRequest, CoordinateResponse};
-use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{unbounded_channel, UnboundedReceiver, UnboundedSender};
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
@@ -70,28 +69,21 @@ pub struct SinkCoordinatorManager {
 }
 
 impl SinkCoordinatorManager {
-    pub(crate) fn start_worker(
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> (Self, (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>)) {
-        Self::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(
-            connector_client,
-            |writer_request, manager_request_stream, connector_client| {
-                tokio::spawn(CoordinatorWorker::run(
-                    writer_request,
-                    manager_request_stream,
-                    connector_client,
-                ))
-            },
-        )
+    pub(crate) fn start_worker() -> (Self, (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>)) {
+        Self::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(|writer_request, manager_request_stream| {
+            tokio::spawn(CoordinatorWorker::run(
+                writer_request,
+                manager_request_stream,
+            ))
+        })
     }
 
     fn start_worker_with_spawn_worker(
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
         spawn_coordinator_worker: impl SpawnCoordinatorFn,
     ) -> (Self, (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>)) {
         let (request_tx, request_rx) = mpsc::channel(BOUNDED_CHANNEL_SIZE);
         let (shutdown_tx, shutdown_rx) = channel();
-        let worker = ManagerWorker::new(request_rx, shutdown_rx, connector_client);
+        let worker = ManagerWorker::new(request_rx, shutdown_rx);
         let join_handle = tokio::spawn(worker.execute(spawn_coordinator_worker));
         (
             SinkCoordinatorManager { request_tx },
@@ -168,7 +160,6 @@ struct CoordinatorWorkerHandle {
 }
 
 struct ManagerWorker {
-    connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
     request_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ManagerRequest>,
     // Make it option so that it can be polled with &mut SinkManagerWorker
     shutdown_rx: Option<Receiver<()>>,
@@ -186,26 +177,17 @@ enum ManagerEvent {
     },
 }
 
-trait SpawnCoordinatorFn = FnMut(
-        NewSinkWriterRequest,
-        UnboundedReceiver<NewSinkWriterRequest>,
-        Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> JoinHandle<()>
+trait SpawnCoordinatorFn = FnMut(NewSinkWriterRequest, UnboundedReceiver<NewSinkWriterRequest>) -> JoinHandle<()>
     + Send
     + 'static;
 
 impl ManagerWorker {
-    fn new(
-        request_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ManagerRequest>,
-        shutdown_rx: Receiver<()>,
-        connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    fn new(request_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ManagerRequest>, shutdown_rx: Receiver<()>) -> Self {
         ManagerWorker {
             request_rx,
             shutdown_rx: Some(shutdown_rx),
             running_coordinator_worker_join_handles: Default::default(),
             running_coordinator_worker: Default::default(),
-            connector_client,
         }
     }
 
@@ -346,8 +328,7 @@ impl ManagerWorker {
             }
             Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                 let (request_tx, request_rx) = unbounded_channel();
-                let connector_client = self.connector_client.clone();
-                let join_handle = spawn_coordinator_worker(request, request_rx, connector_client);
+                let join_handle = spawn_coordinator_worker(request, request_rx);
                 self.running_coordinator_worker_join_handles.push(
                     join_handle
                         .map(move |join_result| (sink_id, join_result))
@@ -449,10 +430,10 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) =
-            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(None, {
+            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker({
                 let param = param.clone();
                 let metadata = metadata.clone();
-                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx, _| {
+                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx| {
                     let param = param.clone();
                     let metadata = metadata.clone();
                     tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -601,7 +582,7 @@ mod tests {
             sink_from_name: "test".into(),
         };
 
-        let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) = SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker(None);
+        let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) = SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker();
 
         let mut build_client_future1 = pin!(CoordinatorStreamHandle::new_with_init_stream(
             param.to_proto(),
@@ -656,9 +637,9 @@ mod tests {
         let vnode2 = build_bitmap(second);
 
         let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) =
-            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(None, {
+            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker({
                 let param = param.clone();
-                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx, _| {
+                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx| {
                     let param = param.clone();
                     tokio::spawn(async move {
                         // validate the start request
@@ -739,9 +720,9 @@ mod tests {
         let vnode2 = build_bitmap(second);
 
         let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) =
-            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(None, {
+            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker({
                 let param = param.clone();
-                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx, _| {
+                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx| {
                     let param = param.clone();
                     tokio::spawn(async move {
                         // validate the start request
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
index 82d306552a30b..1a15defe43bf5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
@@ -498,8 +498,7 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
         .unwrap(),
     );
 
-    let (sink_manager, shutdown_handle) =
-        SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker(env.connector_client());
+    let (sink_manager, shutdown_handle) = SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker();
     let mut sub_tasks = vec![shutdown_handle];
 
     let barrier_manager = Arc::new(GlobalBarrierManager::new(
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
index df642802361ad..46d6c5cb1ea22 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .await?,
             );
 
-            let (sink_manager, _) = SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker(None);
+            let (sink_manager, _) = SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker();
 
             let barrier_manager = Arc::new(GlobalBarrierManager::new(
                 scheduled_barriers,

From bf0d05f7ca0730934f2a157308e9f0a413a0c89d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yuhao Su <31772373+yuhao-su@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 22:20:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 308/430] feat(heap_profiling): enable heap profiling for meta
 node. (#12737)

---
 src/meta/src/lib.rs | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index 2e8bd3e3d8f07..3fc8d2eec303a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use clap::Parser;
 pub use error::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 use risingwave_common::config::OverrideConfig;
+use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
+use risingwave_common::util::resource_util;
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
 pub use rpc::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
 
@@ -191,6 +193,11 @@ pub struct MetaNodeOpts {
     #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
     #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_read_timeout_ms)]
     pub object_store_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_HEAP_PROFILING_DIR")]
+    #[override_opts(path = server.heap_profiling.dir)]
+    pub heap_profiling_dir: Option<String>,
 }
 
 use std::future::Future;
@@ -232,6 +239,12 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
 
         validate_config(&config);
 
+        let total_memory_bytes = resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes();
+        let heap_profiler =
+            HeapProfiler::new(total_memory_bytes, config.server.heap_profiling.clone());
+        // Run a background heap profiler
+        heap_profiler.start();
+
         let max_heartbeat_interval =
             Duration::from_secs(config.meta.max_heartbeat_interval_secs as u64);
         let max_idle_ms = config.meta.dangerous_max_idle_secs.unwrap_or(0) * 1000;

From 2607ae77999760fd2d66b101a866aaabc189be4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 09:53:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 309/430] fix(docker): fix Dockerfile.hdfs (#12682)

---
 docker/Dockerfile.hdfs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
index 23b6cf802fc4f..b23c350038b88 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ENV JAVA_HOME ${JAVA_HOME_PATH}
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${JAVA_HOME_PATH}/lib/server:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
 
 RUN cargo fetch && \
-  cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all --release --features "rw-static-link" && \
+  cargo build -p risingwave_cmd_all --release -p risingwave_object_store --features hdfs-backend --features "rw-static-link"  && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/bin && \
     mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave /risingwave/bin/ && \
     mv /risingwave/target/release/risingwave.dwp /risingwave/bin/ && \
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@ ENV RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH /risingwave/ui
 # Set default connector libs path
 ENV CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH /risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs
 
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/risingwave/hdfs_env.sh" ]
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/risingwave/bin/risingwave" ]
 CMD [ "playground" ]

From f9e3d9947ce6682c2521450a27757a66d51f3f83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kexiang Wang <kx.wang@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:44:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 310/430] fix(expr): reject inf/-inf/nan decimal in
 generate_series and range (#12798)

---
 e2e_test/batch/basic/generate_series.slt.part |  21 +++
 e2e_test/batch/basic/range.slt.part           |  21 +++
 .../src/table_function/generate_series.rs     | 128 +++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/generate_series.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/generate_series.slt.part
index 9d75de1733d42..35efce3a741f1 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/generate_series.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/generate_series.slt.part
@@ -127,3 +127,24 @@ SELECT * FROM generate_series(0.1::numeric, 2.1::numeric, 0.5::numeric)
 1.1
 1.6
 2.1
+
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('infinity'::numeric,10::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(0::numeric,'-infinity'::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be NaN
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(0::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
+
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('infinity'::numeric,10::numeric,0::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(0::numeric,'-infinity'::numeric,0::numeric);
+
+statement error step value cannot be NaN
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(0::numeric,10::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
+
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('-infinity'::numeric,'infinity'::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/range.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/range.slt.part
index 9d404e5f5b97b..e8f43a17811e5 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/range.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/range.slt.part
@@ -114,6 +114,27 @@ SELECT * FROM range(0.1::numeric, 2.1::numeric, 0.5::numeric)
 1.1
 1.6
 
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM range('infinity'::numeric,10::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM range(0::numeric,'-infinity'::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be NaN
+SELECT * FROM range(0::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
+
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM range('infinity'::numeric,10::numeric,0::numeric);
+
+statement error stop value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM range(0::numeric,'-infinity'::numeric,0::numeric);
+
+statement error step value cannot be NaN
+SELECT * FROM range(0::numeric,10::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
+
+statement error start value cannot be infinity
+SELECT * FROM range('-infinity'::numeric,'infinity'::numeric,'nan'::numeric);
+
 # test table function with aliases
 query I
 SELECT alias from range(1,2) alias;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
index cf222aa66db49..586fa60de02c2 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
@@ -13,12 +13,11 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use num_traits::One;
-use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, IsNegative};
+use risingwave_common::types::{CheckedAdd, Decimal, IsNegative};
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 
 #[function("generate_series(int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
 #[function("generate_series(int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
-#[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 fn generate_series<T>(start: T, stop: T) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
     T: CheckedAdd<Output = T> + PartialOrd + Copy + One + IsNegative,
@@ -26,9 +25,19 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, true>(start, stop, T::one())
 }
 
+#[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
+fn generate_series_decimal(
+    start: Decimal,
+    stop: Decimal,
+) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<Decimal>>>
+where
+{
+    validate_range_parameters(start, stop, Decimal::one())?;
+    range_generic::<Decimal, Decimal, true>(start, stop, Decimal::one())
+}
+
 #[function("generate_series(int4, int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
 #[function("generate_series(int8, int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
-#[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 #[function("generate_series(timestamp, timestamp, interval) -> setof timestamp")]
 fn generate_series_step<T, S>(start: T, stop: T, step: S) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
@@ -38,9 +47,18 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, true>(start, stop, step)
 }
 
+#[function("generate_series(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
+fn generate_series_step_decimal(
+    start: Decimal,
+    stop: Decimal,
+    step: Decimal,
+) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<Decimal>>> {
+    validate_range_parameters(start, stop, step)?;
+    range_generic::<_, _, true>(start, stop, step)
+}
+
 #[function("range(int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
 #[function("range(int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
-#[function("range(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 fn range<T>(start: T, stop: T) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
     T: CheckedAdd<Output = T> + PartialOrd + Copy + One + IsNegative,
@@ -48,9 +66,16 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, false>(start, stop, T::one())
 }
 
+#[function("range(decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
+fn range_decimal(start: Decimal, stop: Decimal) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<Decimal>>>
+where
+{
+    validate_range_parameters(start, stop, Decimal::one())?;
+    range_generic::<Decimal, Decimal, false>(start, stop, Decimal::one())
+}
+
 #[function("range(int4, int4, int4) -> setof int4")]
 #[function("range(int8, int8, int8) -> setof int8")]
-#[function("range(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
 #[function("range(timestamp, timestamp, interval) -> setof timestamp")]
 fn range_step<T, S>(start: T, stop: T, step: S) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<T>>>
 where
@@ -60,6 +85,16 @@ where
     range_generic::<_, _, false>(start, stop, step)
 }
 
+#[function("range(decimal, decimal, decimal) -> setof decimal")]
+fn range_step_decimal(
+    start: Decimal,
+    stop: Decimal,
+    step: Decimal,
+) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<Decimal>>> {
+    validate_range_parameters(start, stop, step)?;
+    range_generic::<_, _, false>(start, stop, step)
+}
+
 #[inline]
 fn range_generic<T, S, const INCLUSIVE: bool>(
     start: T,
@@ -93,6 +128,29 @@ where
     Ok(std::iter::from_fn(move || next().transpose()))
 }
 
+#[inline]
+fn validate_range_parameters(start: Decimal, stop: Decimal, step: Decimal) -> Result<()> {
+    validate_decimal(start, "start")?;
+    validate_decimal(stop, "stop")?;
+    validate_decimal(step, "step")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn validate_decimal(decimal: Decimal, name: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
+    match decimal {
+        Decimal::Normalized(_) => Ok(()),
+        Decimal::PositiveInf | Decimal::NegativeInf => Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
+            name,
+            reason: format!("{} value cannot be infinity", name).into(),
+        }),
+        Decimal::NaN => Err(ExprError::InvalidParam {
+            name,
+            reason: format!("{} value cannot be NaN", name).into(),
+        }),
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
@@ -100,9 +158,10 @@ mod tests {
     use futures_util::StreamExt;
     use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
     use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
-    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval, ScalarImpl, Timestamp};
+    use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Decimal, Interval, ScalarImpl, Timestamp};
     use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, LiteralExpression};
     use risingwave_expr::table_function::build;
+    use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
     use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType;
 
     const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
@@ -247,4 +306,61 @@ mod tests {
         }
         assert_eq!(actual_cnt, expect_cnt);
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_generate_series_decimal() {
+        let start = Decimal::from_str("1").unwrap();
+        let start_inf = Decimal::from_str("infinity").unwrap();
+        let stop = Decimal::from_str("5").unwrap();
+        let stop_inf = Decimal::from_str("-infinity").unwrap();
+
+        let step = Decimal::from_str("1").unwrap();
+        let step_nan = Decimal::from_str("nan").unwrap();
+        let step_inf = Decimal::from_str("infinity").unwrap();
+        generate_series_decimal(start, stop, step, true).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start_inf, stop, step, false).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start_inf, stop_inf, step, false).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start, stop_inf, step, false).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start, stop, step_nan, false).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start, stop, step_inf, false).await;
+        generate_series_decimal(start, stop_inf, step_nan, false).await;
+    }
+
+    async fn generate_series_decimal(
+        start: Decimal,
+        stop: Decimal,
+        step: Decimal,
+        expect_ok: bool,
+    ) {
+        fn literal(ty: DataType, v: ScalarImpl) -> BoxedExpression {
+            LiteralExpression::new(ty, Some(v)).boxed()
+        }
+        let function = build(
+            PbType::GenerateSeries,
+            DataType::Decimal,
+            CHUNK_SIZE,
+            vec![
+                literal(DataType::Decimal, start.into()),
+                literal(DataType::Decimal, stop.into()),
+                literal(DataType::Decimal, step.into()),
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let dummy_chunk = DataChunk::new_dummy(1);
+        let mut output = function.eval(&dummy_chunk).await;
+        while let Some(res) = output.next().await {
+            match res {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    assert!(expect_ok);
+                }
+                Err(ExprError::InvalidParam { .. }) => {
+                    assert!(!expect_ok);
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    unreachable!();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

From 9ad785712578c95979e820ba61fcafb80116677c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yufan Song <33971064+yufansong@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 21:56:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 311/430] fix(connector): add nats stream field, and change
 subject into several input (#12799)

---
 src/connector/src/common.rs | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/common.rs b/src/connector/src/common.rs
index 2031cd8eb0b55..6d848a5036ff1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/common.rs
@@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ pub struct UpsertMessage<'a> {
 pub struct NatsCommon {
     #[serde(rename = "server_url")]
     pub server_url: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "stream")]
+    pub stream: String,
     #[serde(rename = "subject")]
     pub subject: String,
     #[serde(rename = "connect_mode")]
@@ -572,7 +574,8 @@ impl NatsCommon {
     > {
         let context = self.build_context().await?;
         let stream = self.build_or_get_stream(context.clone()).await?;
-        let name = format!("risingwave-consumer-{}-{}", self.subject, split_id);
+        let subject_name = self.subject.replace(',', "-");
+        let name = format!("risingwave-consumer-{}-{}", subject_name, split_id);
         let mut config = jetstream::consumer::pull::Config {
             ack_policy: jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy::None,
             ..Default::default()
@@ -605,10 +608,11 @@ impl NatsCommon {
         &self,
         jetstream: jetstream::Context,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<jetstream::stream::Stream> {
+        let subjects: Vec<String> = self.subject.split(',').map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
         let mut config = jetstream::stream::Config {
-            // the subject default use name value
-            name: self.subject.clone(),
+            name: self.stream.clone(),
             max_bytes: 1000000,
+            subjects,
             ..Default::default()
         };
         if let Some(v) = self.max_bytes {

From 7d54cdd1c8966036e5f04f29c8b6ce9ba9f1519b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 14:44:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 312/430] fix(storage): fix tombstone picker (#12776)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           |  1 +
 .../src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs  |  4 ++++
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |  4 ++++
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs        |  6 ++++-
 .../tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs    |  3 ++-
 .../selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs |  7 +++++-
 .../manager/compaction_group_manager.rs       |  3 +++
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |  2 ++
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs | 23 ++++++++++++++-----
 9 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index c73d79e07e2b7..6957d7e060524 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -612,6 +612,7 @@ message RiseCtlUpdateCompactionConfigRequest {
       uint64 max_space_reclaim_bytes = 13;
       uint64 level0_max_compact_file_number = 14;
       bool enable_emergency_picker = 15;
+      uint32 tombstone_reclaim_ratio = 16;
     }
   }
   repeated uint64 compaction_group_ids = 1;
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
index 6f16279939e8f..7ba2f4db6429c 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ pub fn build_compaction_config_vec(
     level0_max_compact_file_number: Option<u64>,
     level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
     enable_emergency_picker: Option<bool>,
+    tombstone_reclaim_ratio: Option<u32>,
 ) -> Vec<MutableConfig> {
     let mut configs = vec![];
     if let Some(c) = max_bytes_for_level_base {
@@ -105,6 +106,9 @@ pub fn build_compaction_config_vec(
     if let Some(c) = enable_emergency_picker {
         configs.push(MutableConfig::EnableEmergencyPicker(c))
     }
+    if let Some(c) = tombstone_reclaim_ratio {
+        configs.push(MutableConfig::TombstoneReclaimRatio(c))
+    }
 
     configs
 }
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index 2708b933b42b5..4908e8cdb952e 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ enum HummockCommands {
         level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
         #[clap(long)]
         enable_emergency_picker: Option<bool>,
+        #[clap(long)]
+        tombstone_reclaim_ratio: Option<u32>,
     },
     /// Split given compaction group into two. Moves the given tables to the new group.
     SplitCompactionGroup {
@@ -559,6 +561,7 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
             level0_max_compact_file_number,
             level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
             enable_emergency_picker,
+            tombstone_reclaim_ratio,
         }) => {
             cmd_impl::hummock::update_compaction_config(
                 context,
@@ -578,6 +581,7 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
                     level0_max_compact_file_number,
                     level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
                     enable_emergency_picker,
+                    tombstone_reclaim_ratio,
                 ),
             )
             .await?
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
index 632061b6d7705..246b00af771af 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub mod compaction_config;
 mod overlap_strategy;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::prost_key_range::KeyRangeExt;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{self, TaskStatus};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{self, TaskStatus, TaskType};
 
 mod picker;
 pub mod selector;
@@ -156,6 +156,10 @@ impl CompactStatus {
     }
 
     pub fn is_trivial_move_task(task: &CompactTask) -> bool {
+        if task.task_type() != TaskType::Dynamic && task.task_type() != TaskType::Emergency {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if task.input_ssts.len() == 1 {
             return task.input_ssts[0].level_idx == 0
                 && can_concat(&task.input_ssts[0].table_infos);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index 5438abefa2021..dc88219696a27 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ impl TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker {
         state: &mut TombstoneReclaimPickerState,
     ) -> Option<CompactionInput> {
         assert!(!levels.levels.is_empty());
-        let mut select_input_ssts = vec![];
         if state.last_level == 0 {
             state.last_level = 1;
         }
 
         while state.last_level <= levels.levels.len() {
+            let mut select_input_ssts = vec![];
             let mut select_file_size = 0;
             for sst in &levels.levels[state.last_level - 1].table_infos {
                 let need_reclaim = (sst.range_tombstone_count * 100
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ impl TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker {
                         }
                     }
                     if pending_compact {
+                        state.last_level += 1;
                         continue;
                     }
                     InputLevel {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
index 49b333403e8ab..82537f82246f7 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
@@ -44,11 +44,16 @@ impl CompactionSelector for TombstoneCompactionSelector {
         _selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
         _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
     ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
+        if group.compaction_config.tombstone_reclaim_ratio == 0 {
+            // it might cause full-compaction when tombstone_reclaim_ratio == 0
+            return None;
+        }
+
         let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
         let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
         let picker = TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
             create_overlap_strategy(group.compaction_config.compaction_mode()),
-            group.compaction_config.max_compaction_bytes,
+            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
             group.compaction_config.tombstone_reclaim_ratio as u64,
             group.compaction_config.tombstone_reclaim_ratio as u64 / 2,
         );
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
index b873a55e8d6ce..fbdfb66f4b0b8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
@@ -927,6 +927,9 @@ fn update_compaction_config(target: &mut CompactionConfig, items: &[MutableConfi
             MutableConfig::EnableEmergencyPicker(c) => {
                 target.enable_emergency_picker = *c;
             }
+            MutableConfig::TombstoneReclaimRatio(c) => {
+                target.tombstone_reclaim_ratio = *c;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 43ba4b9e9710f..f644db74714f7 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -3045,6 +3045,8 @@ impl CompactionState {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::SpaceReclaim)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Ttl)
+        } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)) {
+            Some(compact_task::TaskType::Tombstone)
         } else if guard.contains(&(group, compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)) {
             Some(compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic)
         } else {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index 183eac792a5ca..3d079ce4a188e 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -702,9 +702,9 @@ where
         progress_key_num += 1;
 
         if let Some(task_progress) = task_progress.as_ref() && progress_key_num >= PROGRESS_KEY_INTERVAL {
-                task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
-                progress_key_num = 0;
-            }
+            task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
+            progress_key_num = 0;
+        }
 
         let mut iter_key = iter.key();
         compaction_statistics.iter_total_key_counts += 1;
@@ -750,7 +750,13 @@ where
                     .await?;
             }
             del_iter.next();
+            progress_key_num += 1;
+            if let Some(task_progress) = task_progress.as_ref() && progress_key_num >= PROGRESS_KEY_INTERVAL {
+                task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
+                progress_key_num = 0;
+            }
         }
+
         let earliest_range_delete_which_can_see_iter_key = del_iter.earliest_delete_since(epoch);
 
         // Among keys with same user key, only retain keys which satisfy `epoch` >= `watermark`.
@@ -851,13 +857,18 @@ where
                 })
                 .await?;
             del_iter.next();
+            progress_key_num += 1;
+            if let Some(task_progress) = task_progress.as_ref() && progress_key_num >= PROGRESS_KEY_INTERVAL {
+                task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
+                progress_key_num = 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     if let Some(task_progress) = task_progress.as_ref() && progress_key_num > 0 {
-            // Avoid losing the progress_key_num in the last Interval
-            task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
-        }
+        // Avoid losing the progress_key_num in the last Interval
+        task_progress.inc_progress_key(progress_key_num);
+    }
 
     if let Some(last_table_id) = last_table_id.take() {
         table_stats_drop.insert(last_table_id, std::mem::take(&mut last_table_stats));

From 13e493be85e55c499e1cd4ee2f43089e460dcd69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 15:24:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 313/430] chore(deps): Bump regex from 1.9.5 to 1.10.0 (#12749)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
 src/ctl/Cargo.toml            |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 83ff632170c8d..3cd5c9fe6be76 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6666,14 +6666,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.9.5"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "697061221ea1b4a94a624f67d0ae2bfe4e22b8a17b6a192afb11046542cc8c47"
+checksum = "d119d7c7ca818f8a53c300863d4f87566aac09943aef5b355bb83969dae75d87"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-automata 0.3.8",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
+ "regex-automata 0.4.1",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6696,6 +6696,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-automata"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "465c6fc0621e4abc4187a2bda0937bfd4f722c2730b29562e19689ea796c9a4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "aho-corasick",
+ "memchr",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
 version = "0.6.29"
@@ -6708,6 +6719,12 @@ version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dbb5fb1acd8a1a18b3dd5be62d25485eb770e05afb408a9627d14d451bae12da"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-syntax"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3cbb081b9784b07cceb8824c8583f86db4814d172ab043f3c23f7dc600bf83d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rend"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -10965,8 +10982,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core",
  "regex",
- "regex-automata 0.3.8",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
+ "regex-automata 0.4.1",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.0",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
  "rust_decimal",
diff --git a/src/ctl/Cargo.toml b/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
index 50a6843b14013..061783b3d6dfb 100644
--- a/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/ctl/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ etcd-client = { workspace = true }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 inquire = "0.6.2"
 itertools = "0.11"
-regex = "1.9.5"
+regex = "1.10.0"
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index d7ba81c3f3eb3..c5fe625a0c65f 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
-regex-automata = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
-regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
+regex-automata = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
+regex-syntax = { version = "0.8" }
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json", "rustls-tls"] }
 ring = { version = "0.16", features = ["std"] }
 rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
-regex-automata = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
-regex-syntax = { version = "0.7" }
+regex-automata = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
+regex-syntax = { version = "0.8" }
 rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
 scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }

From d472f5b6f149b81fd3df33d700250f5c434a7d0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:05:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 314/430] chore(docker): connector node no-build-rust for
 docker (#12804)

---
 ci/scripts/release.sh  | 2 +-
 docker/Dockerfile      | 2 +-
 docker/Dockerfile.hdfs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/release.sh b/ci/scripts/release.sh
index 9852d48e0ba50..fee45e6afc4f8 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/release.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/release.sh
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ if [[ -n "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" ]]; then
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risectl-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
 
   echo "--- Release build and upload risingwave connector node jar asset"
-  cd ${REPO_ROOT}/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Djava.binding.release=true
+  cd ${REPO_ROOT}/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dno-build-rust
   cd connector-node/assembly/target && mv risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz risingwave-connector-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}".tar.gz
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risingwave-connector-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}".tar.gz
 fi
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index cb86657957b77..ba0c82972a783 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ RUN mvn dependency:go-offline --fail-never
 # Besides, rust-maven-plugin sets --target-dir, so the dependencies are built twice. How to dedup?
 COPY ./ /risingwave
 
-RUN mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Djava.binding.release=true && \
+RUN mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dno-build-rust && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && \
   tar -zxvf /risingwave/java/connector-node/assembly/target/risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz -C /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
index b23c350038b88..e8dd1988bd6fe 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.hdfs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ RUN cargo fetch && \
   chmod +x /risingwave/bin/jeprof && \
   mkdir -p /risingwave/lib && cargo clean
 
-RUN cd /risingwave/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Djava.binding.release=true && \
+RUN cd /risingwave/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dno-build-rust && \
     mkdir -p /risingwave/bin/connector-node && \
     tar -zxvf /risingwave/java/connector-node/assembly/target/risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz -C /risingwave/bin/connector-node
 

From 59f6f7ed4e2d7caaa25990992d1f27b4e473aab3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:15:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 315/430] fix(sink-coordinator): fix coordinator stuck on
 single writer (#12803)

---
 .../sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs   |   6 +-
 .../src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs  | 123 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
index 9b0d78ca688ee..0185fdc4f4630 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl CoordinatorWorker {
             registered_vnode.insert(vnode);
         }
 
-        loop {
+        while remaining_count > 0 {
             let new_writer_request = self.next_new_writer().await?;
             if self.param != new_writer_request.param {
                 // TODO: may return error.
@@ -189,10 +189,6 @@ impl CoordinatorWorker {
                 registered_vnode.insert(vnode);
                 remaining_count -= 1;
             }
-
-            if remaining_count == 0 {
-                break;
-            }
         }
 
         self.send_to_all_sink_writers(|| {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
index 6be688e5ffbdc..a7d15bd452f34 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
@@ -568,6 +568,129 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_single_writer() {
+        let sink_id = SinkId::from(1);
+        let param = SinkParam {
+            sink_id,
+            properties: Default::default(),
+            columns: vec![],
+            downstream_pk: vec![],
+            sink_type: SinkType::AppendOnly,
+            format_desc: None,
+            db_name: "test".into(),
+            sink_from_name: "test".into(),
+        };
+
+        let epoch1 = 233;
+        let epoch2 = 234;
+
+        let all_vnode = (0..VirtualNode::COUNT).collect_vec();
+        let build_bitmap = |indexes: &[usize]| {
+            let mut builder = BitmapBuilder::zeroed(VirtualNode::COUNT);
+            for i in indexes {
+                builder.set(*i, true);
+            }
+            builder.finish()
+        };
+        let vnode = build_bitmap(&all_vnode);
+
+        let metadata = [vec![1u8, 2u8], vec![3u8, 4u8]];
+
+        let (manager, (_join_handle, _stop_tx)) =
+            SinkCoordinatorManager::start_worker_with_spawn_worker({
+                let param = param.clone();
+                let metadata = metadata.clone();
+                move |first_request: NewSinkWriterRequest, new_writer_rx| {
+                    let param = param.clone();
+                    let metadata = metadata.clone();
+                    tokio::spawn(async move {
+                        // validate the start request
+                        assert_eq!(first_request.param, param);
+                        CoordinatorWorker::execute_coordinator(
+                            first_request,
+                            new_writer_rx,
+                            MockCoordinator::new(0, |epoch, metadata_list, count: &mut usize| {
+                                *count += 1;
+                                let mut metadata_list = metadata_list
+                                    .into_iter()
+                                    .map(|metadata| match metadata {
+                                        SinkMetadata {
+                                            metadata:
+                                                Some(Metadata::Serialized(SerializedMetadata {
+                                                    metadata,
+                                                })),
+                                        } => metadata,
+                                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                                    })
+                                    .collect_vec();
+                                metadata_list.sort();
+                                match *count {
+                                    1 => {
+                                        assert_eq!(epoch, epoch1);
+                                        assert_eq!(1, metadata_list.len());
+                                        assert_eq!(metadata[0], metadata_list[0]);
+                                    }
+                                    2 => {
+                                        assert_eq!(epoch, epoch2);
+                                        assert_eq!(1, metadata_list.len());
+                                        assert_eq!(metadata[1], metadata_list[0]);
+                                    }
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                }
+                                Ok(())
+                            }),
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                    })
+                }
+            });
+
+        let build_client = |vnode| async {
+            CoordinatorStreamHandle::new_with_init_stream(
+                param.to_proto(),
+                vnode,
+                |stream_req| async {
+                    Ok(tonic::Response::new(
+                        manager
+                            .handle_new_request(stream_req.into_inner().map(Ok).boxed())
+                            .await
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .boxed(),
+                    ))
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+        };
+
+        let mut client = build_client(vnode).await;
+
+        client
+            .commit(
+                epoch1,
+                SinkMetadata {
+                    metadata: Some(Metadata::Serialized(SerializedMetadata {
+                        metadata: metadata[0].clone(),
+                    })),
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        client
+            .commit(
+                epoch2,
+                SinkMetadata {
+                    metadata: Some(Metadata::Serialized(SerializedMetadata {
+                        metadata: metadata[1].clone(),
+                    })),
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_drop_sink_while_init() {
         let sink_id = SinkId::from(1);

From a36d3c0aba52d469ef1005fca077b45a990c69cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:16:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 316/430] remove connector node from risedev (#12807)

---
 risedev.yml                                   | 36 -----------
 src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-compose.rs    |  1 -
 src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-dev.rs        | 20 ++-----
 src/risedevtool/src/config.rs                 |  3 -
 .../src/config_gen/prometheus_gen.rs          | 12 ----
 src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs         | 15 -----
 src/risedevtool/src/task.rs                   |  2 -
 src/risedevtool/src/task/connector_service.rs | 60 -------------------
 8 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/risedevtool/src/task/connector_service.rs

diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 8ca3df2a7e696..142b68aeb9593 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ profile:
       # - use: aws-s3
       #   bucket: test-bucket
 
-      # If you want to create CDC source table, uncomment the following line
-      # - use: connector-node
-
       # if you want to enable etcd backend, uncomment the following lines.
       # - use: etcd
       #   unsafe-no-fsync: true
@@ -110,22 +107,6 @@ profile:
       - use: kafka
         persist-data: true
 
-  full-with-connector:
-    steps:
-      - use: minio
-      - use: etcd
-      - use: meta-node
-      - use: compute-node
-      - use: frontend
-      - use: compactor
-      - use: prometheus
-      - use: grafana
-      - use: zookeeper
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: kafka
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: connector-node
-
   standalone-full-peripherals:
     steps:
       - use: minio
@@ -144,7 +125,6 @@ profile:
         persist-data: true
       - use: kafka
         persist-data: true
-      - use: connector-node
 
   standalone-minio-etcd:
     steps:
@@ -1058,9 +1038,6 @@ template:
     # Frontend used by this Prometheus instance
     provide-frontend: "frontend*"
 
-    # Connector-node used by this Prometheus instance
-    provide-connector-node: "connector*"
-
   frontend:
     # Advertise address of frontend
     address: "127.0.0.1"
@@ -1117,19 +1094,6 @@ template:
     # If `user-managed` is true, this service will be started by user with the above config
     user-managed: false
 
-  connector-node:
-    # Connector node advertise address
-    address: "127.0.0.1"
-
-    # Connector node listen port
-    port: 50051
-
-    # Prometheus exporter listen port
-    exporter-port: 50052
-
-    # Id of this instance
-    id: connector-${port}
-
   grafana:
     # Listen address of Grafana
     listen-address: ${address}
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-compose.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-compose.rs
index 087c6519717f1..63925d919bb2b 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-compose.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-compose.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 (c.address.clone(), c.compose(&compose_config)?)
             }
             ServiceConfig::Redis(_) => return Err(anyhow!("not supported")),
-            ServiceConfig::ConnectorNode(_) => return Err(anyhow!("not supported")),
         };
         compose.container_name = service.id().to_string();
         if opts.deploy {
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-dev.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-dev.rs
index c2e586802489b..474e8dd0cbd15 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-dev.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/bin/risedev-dev.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ use indicatif::ProgressBar;
 use risedev::util::{complete_spin, fail_spin};
 use risedev::{
     generate_risedev_env, preflight_check, AwsS3Config, CompactorService, ComputeNodeService,
-    ConfigExpander, ConfigureTmuxTask, ConnectorNodeService, EnsureStopService, ExecuteContext,
-    FrontendService, GrafanaService, KafkaService, MetaNodeService, MinioService, OpendalConfig,
-    PrometheusService, PubsubService, RedisService, ServiceConfig, Task, TempoService,
-    ZooKeeperService, RISEDEV_SESSION_NAME,
+    ConfigExpander, ConfigureTmuxTask, EnsureStopService, ExecuteContext, FrontendService,
+    GrafanaService, KafkaService, MetaNodeService, MinioService, OpendalConfig, PrometheusService,
+    PubsubService, RedisService, ServiceConfig, Task, TempoService, ZooKeeperService,
+    RISEDEV_SESSION_NAME,
 };
 use tempfile::tempdir;
 use yaml_rust::YamlEmitter;
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ fn task_main(
             ServiceConfig::AwsS3(_) => None,
             ServiceConfig::OpenDal(_) => None,
             ServiceConfig::RedPanda(_) => None,
-            ServiceConfig::ConnectorNode(c) => Some((c.port, c.id.clone())),
         };
 
         if let Some(x) = listen_info {
@@ -339,17 +338,6 @@ fn task_main(
                 ctx.pb
                     .set_message(format!("redis {}:{}", c.address, c.port));
             }
-            ServiceConfig::ConnectorNode(c) => {
-                let mut ctx =
-                    ExecuteContext::new(&mut logger, manager.new_progress(), status_dir.clone());
-                let mut service = ConnectorNodeService::new(c.clone())?;
-                service.execute(&mut ctx)?;
-                let mut task =
-                    risedev::ConfigureGrpcNodeTask::new(c.address.clone(), c.port, false)?;
-                task.execute(&mut ctx)?;
-                ctx.pb
-                    .set_message(format!("connector grpc://{}:{}", c.address, c.port));
-            }
         }
 
         let service_id = service.id().to_string();
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/config.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/config.rs
index fe7d677a6a765..09e530487d4f0 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/config.rs
@@ -171,9 +171,6 @@ impl ConfigExpander {
                     "kafka" => ServiceConfig::Kafka(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?),
                     "pubsub" => ServiceConfig::Pubsub(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?),
                     "redis" => ServiceConfig::Redis(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?),
-                    "connector-node" => {
-                        ServiceConfig::ConnectorNode(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?)
-                    }
                     "zookeeper" => ServiceConfig::ZooKeeper(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?),
                     "redpanda" => ServiceConfig::RedPanda(serde_yaml::from_str(&out_str)?),
                     other => return Err(anyhow!("unsupported use type: {}", other)),
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/config_gen/prometheus_gen.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/config_gen/prometheus_gen.rs
index aa6422416a31f..2143031f1ba21 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/config_gen/prometheus_gen.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/config_gen/prometheus_gen.rs
@@ -79,14 +79,6 @@ impl PrometheusGen {
             .map(|node| format!("\"{}:{}\"", node.address, 9644))
             .join(",");
 
-        let connector_node_targets = config
-            .provide_connector_node
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|node| format!("\"{}:{}\"", node.address, node.exporter_port))
-            .join(",");
-
         let now = Local::now().format("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S");
 
         let remote_write = if config.remote_write {
@@ -151,10 +143,6 @@ scrape_configs:
   - job_name: redpanda
     static_configs:
       - targets: [{redpanda_targets}]
-
-  - job_name: connector-node
-    static_configs:
-      - targets: [{connector_node_targets}]
 "#,
         )
     }
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
index 8890f984971fe..26ccd3af7e156 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
@@ -190,7 +190,6 @@ pub struct PrometheusConfig {
     pub provide_etcd: Option<Vec<EtcdConfig>>,
     pub provide_redpanda: Option<Vec<RedPandaConfig>>,
     pub provide_frontend: Option<Vec<FrontendConfig>>,
-    pub provide_connector_node: Option<Vec<ConnectorNodeConfig>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -318,18 +317,6 @@ pub struct RedisConfig {
     pub address: String,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
-#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
-pub struct ConnectorNodeConfig {
-    #[serde(rename = "use")]
-    phantom_use: Option<String>,
-    pub id: String,
-    pub port: u16,
-    pub exporter_port: u16,
-    pub address: String,
-}
-
 /// All service configuration
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ServiceConfig {
@@ -349,7 +336,6 @@ pub enum ServiceConfig {
     Redis(RedisConfig),
     ZooKeeper(ZooKeeperConfig),
     RedPanda(RedPandaConfig),
-    ConnectorNode(ConnectorNodeConfig),
 }
 
 impl ServiceConfig {
@@ -370,7 +356,6 @@ impl ServiceConfig {
             Self::Pubsub(c) => &c.id,
             Self::Redis(c) => &c.id,
             Self::RedPanda(c) => &c.id,
-            Self::ConnectorNode(c) => &c.id,
             Self::OpenDal(c) => &c.id,
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task.rs
index 262a68c52cb9a..a2e4ec9bf46dc 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 mod compactor_service;
 mod compute_node_service;
 mod configure_tmux_service;
-mod connector_service;
 mod ensure_stop_service;
 mod etcd_service;
 mod frontend_service;
@@ -52,7 +51,6 @@ pub use utils::*;
 pub use self::compactor_service::*;
 pub use self::compute_node_service::*;
 pub use self::configure_tmux_service::*;
-pub use self::connector_service::*;
 pub use self::ensure_stop_service::*;
 pub use self::etcd_service::*;
 pub use self::frontend_service::*;
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/connector_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/connector_service.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 05268db6a43ea..0000000000000
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/connector_service.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::env;
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::process::Command;
-
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-
-use crate::{ConnectorNodeConfig, ExecuteContext, Task};
-
-pub struct ConnectorNodeService {
-    pub config: ConnectorNodeConfig,
-}
-
-impl ConnectorNodeService {
-    pub fn new(config: ConnectorNodeConfig) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self { config })
-    }
-
-    fn connector_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf> {
-        let prefix_bin = env::var("PREFIX_BIN")?;
-        Ok(Path::new(&prefix_bin)
-            .join("connector-node")
-            .join("start-service.sh"))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Task for ConnectorNodeService {
-    fn execute(&mut self, ctx: &mut ExecuteContext<impl Write>) -> Result<()> {
-        ctx.service(self);
-        ctx.pb.set_message("starting");
-        let path = self.connector_path()?;
-        if !path.exists() {
-            return Err(anyhow!("RisingWave connector binary not found in {:?}\nPlease enable building RisingWave connector in `./risedev configure`?", path));
-        }
-        let mut cmd = Command::new(path);
-        cmd.arg("-p").arg(self.config.port.to_string());
-        ctx.run_command(ctx.tmux_run(cmd)?)?;
-        ctx.pb.set_message("started");
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn id(&self) -> String {
-        self.config.id.clone()
-    }
-}

From c0f9b80c1b438d3e17cbbc5d91e1eaa5f9886339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ZENOTME <43447882+ZENOTME@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 17:20:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 317/430] fix: fix empty ops case in iceberg sink (#12811)

Co-authored-by: ZENOTME <st810918843@gmail.com>
---
 src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
index 56dd3a9452c05..1031c5181d81e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/iceberg.rs
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ impl UpsertWriter {
     }
 
     fn partition_ops(ops: &[Op]) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
+        assert!(!ops.is_empty());
         let mut res = vec![];
         let mut start = 0;
         let mut prev_op = ops[0];
@@ -560,6 +561,9 @@ impl UpsertWriter {
 
     pub async fn write(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
         let (chunk, ops) = chunk.compact().into_parts();
+        if ops.len() == 0 {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
         let chunk = to_record_batch_with_schema(self.schema.clone(), &chunk.compact())
             .map_err(|err| SinkError::Iceberg(anyhow!(err)))?;
         let ranges = Self::partition_ops(&ops);

From 155fb51a006cdb3e430cf5f87e12d8f27ce8101a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 18:42:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 318/430] chore(risedev): remove connector-rpc-endpoint from
 risedev (#12816)

---
 risedev.yml                                      |  6 ------
 src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs                    | 16 +---------------
 src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs            |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs |  2 --
 src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs    | 11 ++++-------
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 142b68aeb9593..8367c9fe99d9b 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -914,9 +914,6 @@ template:
     # If `enable-tiered-cache` is true, hummock will use data directory as file cache.
     enable-tiered-cache: false
 
-    # RPC endpoint for connector node
-    connector-rpc-endpoint: "127.0.0.1:50051"
-
     # Minio instances used by this compute node
     provide-minio: "minio*"
 
@@ -962,9 +959,6 @@ template:
     # Id of this instance
     id: meta-node-${port}
 
-    # RPC endpoint for connector node colocated with Meta
-    connector-rpc-endpoint: "127.0.0.1:50051"
-
     # If `user-managed` is true, this service will be started by user with the above config
     user-managed: false
 
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
index 9c7820b6dcbe2..b1fd1a30ef461 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
@@ -59,10 +59,8 @@ fn get_services(profile: &str) -> (Vec<RisingWaveService>, bool) {
                 "hummock_001",
                 "--advertise-addr",
                 "127.0.0.1:5690",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
-            RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs(["--connector-rpc-endpoint", "127.0.0.1:50051"])),
+            RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs([])),
             RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs([])),
             RisingWaveService::ConnectorNode(osstrs([])),
         ],
@@ -76,32 +74,24 @@ fn get_services(profile: &str) -> (Vec<RisingWaveService>, bool) {
                 "hummock+memory-shared",
                 "--data-directory",
                 "hummock_001",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs([
                 "--listen-addr",
                 "127.0.0.1:5687",
                 "--parallelism",
                 "4",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs([
                 "--listen-addr",
                 "127.0.0.1:5688",
                 "--parallelism",
                 "4",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs([
                 "--listen-addr",
                 "127.0.0.1:5689",
                 "--parallelism",
                 "4",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs([])),
         ],
@@ -117,16 +107,12 @@ fn get_services(profile: &str) -> (Vec<RisingWaveService>, bool) {
                 "hummock+memory",
                 "--data-directory",
                 "hummock_001",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs([
                 "--listen-addr",
                 "0.0.0.0:5688",
                 "--advertise-addr",
                 "127.0.0.1:5688",
-                "--connector-rpc-endpoint",
-                "127.0.0.1:50051",
             ])),
             RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs([
                 "--listen-addr",
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
index 26ccd3af7e156..516ae872d6c31 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/service_config.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ pub struct ComputeNodeConfig {
     pub provide_aws_s3: Option<Vec<AwsS3Config>>,
     pub provide_tempo: Option<Vec<TempoConfig>>,
     pub user_managed: bool,
-    pub connector_rpc_endpoint: String,
 
     pub total_memory_bytes: usize,
     pub parallelism: usize,
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ pub struct MetaNodeConfig {
 
     pub user_managed: bool,
 
-    pub connector_rpc_endpoint: String,
     pub provide_etcd_backend: Option<Vec<EtcdConfig>>,
     pub provide_prometheus: Option<Vec<PrometheusConfig>>,
 
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
index 964105821b808..5bb9c23cbf21f 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@ impl ComputeNodeService {
             .arg(format!("{}:{}", config.address, config.port))
             .arg("--async-stack-trace")
             .arg(&config.async_stack_trace)
-            .arg("--connector-rpc-endpoint")
-            .arg(&config.connector_rpc_endpoint)
             .arg("--parallelism")
             .arg(&config.parallelism.to_string())
             .arg("--total-memory-bytes")
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
index 5f03696ad3750..1b53af8f9b544 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
@@ -60,13 +60,10 @@ impl MetaNodeService {
                 config.listen_address, config.dashboard_port
             ));
 
-        cmd.arg("--prometheus-host")
-            .arg(format!(
-                "{}:{}",
-                config.listen_address, config.exporter_port
-            ))
-            .arg("--connector-rpc-endpoint")
-            .arg(&config.connector_rpc_endpoint);
+        cmd.arg("--prometheus-host").arg(format!(
+            "{}:{}",
+            config.listen_address, config.exporter_port
+        ));
 
         match config.provide_prometheus.as_ref().unwrap().as_slice() {
             [] => {}

From 5919269dc9c47eb7d2f91b14a20669ed3f0b9b4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 19:01:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 319/430] chore(streaming): deprecate
 `BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL` (#12782)

---
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |  2 +-
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs          | 20 +---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  |  7 +-
 .../executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs  | 92 +------------------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs            |  3 -
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index a1026e0d36c1f..149fba8439db1 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ message ChainNode {
   optional uint32 rate_limit = 8;
 
   // Snapshot read every N barriers
-  uint32 snapshot_read_barrier_interval = 9;
+  uint32 snapshot_read_barrier_interval = 9 [deprecated = true];
 }
 
 // BatchPlanNode is used for mv on mv snapshot read.
diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index a4f3729f3367b..cab147d0000bb 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use crate::util::epoch::Epoch;
 
 // This is a hack, &'static str is not allowed as a const generics argument.
 // TODO: refine this using the adt_const_params feature.
-const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 39] = [
+const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
     "RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH",
     "CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV",
     "QUERY_MODE",
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 39] = [
     "CDC_BACKFILL",
     "RW_STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY",
     "BACKGROUND_DDL",
-    "BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL",
 ];
 
 // MUST HAVE 1v1 relationship to CONFIG_KEYS. e.g. CONFIG_KEYS[IMPLICIT_FLUSH] =
@@ -120,7 +119,6 @@ const STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
 const CDC_BACKFILL: usize = 35;
 const STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY: usize = 36;
 const BACKGROUND_DDL: usize = 37;
-const BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL: usize = 38;
 
 trait ConfigEntry: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<&'a [&'a str], Error = RwError> {
     fn entry_name() -> &'static str;
@@ -345,7 +343,6 @@ type StandardConformingStrings = ConfigString<STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS>;
 type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
 type CdcBackfill = ConfigBool<CDC_BACKFILL, false>;
 type BackgroundDdl = ConfigBool<BACKGROUND_DDL, false>;
-type BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval = ConfigU64<BACKFILL_SNAPSHOT_BARRIER_INTERVAL, 1>;
 
 /// Report status or notice to caller.
 pub trait ConfigReporter {
@@ -495,8 +492,6 @@ pub struct ConfigMap {
     streaming_over_window_cache_policy: OverWindowCachePolicy,
 
     background_ddl: BackgroundDdl,
-
-    backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval: BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval,
 }
 
 impl ConfigMap {
@@ -616,8 +611,6 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             self.background_ddl = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
-        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name()) {
-            self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else {
             return Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into());
         }
@@ -707,8 +700,6 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             Ok(self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy.to_string())
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             Ok(self.background_ddl.to_string())
-        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name()) {
-            Ok(self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.to_string())
         } else {
             Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into())
         }
@@ -906,11 +897,6 @@ impl ConfigMap {
                 setting: self.background_ddl.to_string(),
                 description: String::from("Run DDL statements in background"),
             },
-            VariableInfo {
-                name: BackfillSnapshotBarrierInterval::entry_name().to_lowercase(),
-                setting: self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.to_string(),
-                description: String::from("Read from snapshot every N barriers"),
-            },
         ]
     }
 
@@ -1053,8 +1039,4 @@ impl ConfigMap {
     pub fn get_background_ddl(&self) -> bool {
         self.background_ddl.0
     }
-
-    pub fn get_backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval.0
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index 4eaa7053edd83..dfe1243e881db 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -325,12 +325,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
                     .session_ctx()
                     .config()
                     .get_streaming_rate_limit(),
-                snapshot_read_barrier_interval: self
-                    .ctx()
-                    .session_ctx()
-                    .config()
-                    .get_backfill_snapshot_barrier_interval()
-                    as u32,
+                ..Default::default()
             })),
             stream_key,
             operator_id: self.base.id.0 as u64,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
index 1897bb4819142..97a9da0ff6a99 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/no_shuffle_backfill.rs
@@ -101,41 +101,6 @@ pub struct BackfillExecutor<S: StateStore> {
     metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
 
     chunk_size: usize,
-
-    // By default we read every barrier.
-    // With this we read every N barriers.
-    snapshot_read_interval: usize,
-}
-
-struct SnapshotControl {
-    snapshot_read_interval: usize,
-    intervals: usize,
-}
-
-impl SnapshotControl {
-    fn new(mut snapshot_read_interval: usize) -> Self {
-        if snapshot_read_interval == 0 {
-            snapshot_read_interval = 1;
-        }
-        Self {
-            snapshot_read_interval,
-            intervals: 0,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn try_read(&mut self) -> bool {
-        let should_read = self.intervals == 0;
-        if should_read {
-            tracing::trace!("backfill should snapshot_read, interval={}", self.intervals);
-        } else {
-            tracing::trace!(
-                "backfill should not snapshot_read, interval={}",
-                self.intervals
-            );
-        }
-        self.intervals = (self.intervals + 1) % self.snapshot_read_interval;
-        should_read
-    }
 }
 
 impl<S> BackfillExecutor<S>
@@ -154,7 +119,6 @@ where
         metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
         chunk_size: usize,
         executor_id: u64,
-        snapshot_read_interval: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             info: ExecutorInfo {
@@ -170,15 +134,12 @@ where
             progress,
             metrics,
             chunk_size,
-            snapshot_read_interval,
         }
     }
 
     #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
     async fn execute_inner(mut self) {
         // The primary key columns, in the output columns of the upstream_table scan.
-        let mut snapshot_control = SnapshotControl::new(self.snapshot_read_interval);
-
         let pk_in_output_indices = self.upstream_table.pk_in_output_indices().unwrap();
 
         let state_len = pk_in_output_indices.len() + METADATA_STATE_LEN;
@@ -298,56 +259,8 @@ where
                                         // to flush remaining chunks from the chunk builder
                                         // on barrier.
                                         // Hence we break here and process it after this block.
-                                        if snapshot_control.try_read() {
-                                            pending_barrier = Some(barrier);
-                                            break;
-                                        } else {
-                                            // Process barrier:
-                                            // - switch snapshot
-                                            // Upstream updates should only be read after the
-                                            // Nth barrier.
-                                            // Otherwise they would get filtered out,
-                                            // if they are larger than current pos,
-                                            // and we  will lose them.
-
-                                            self.metrics
-                                                .backfill_snapshot_read_row_count
-                                                .with_label_values(&[
-                                                    upstream_table_id.to_string().as_str(),
-                                                    self.actor_id.to_string().as_str(),
-                                                ])
-                                                .inc_by(cur_barrier_snapshot_processed_rows);
-
-                                            // Update snapshot read epoch.
-                                            snapshot_read_epoch = barrier.epoch.prev;
-
-                                            self.progress.update(
-                                                barrier.epoch.curr,
-                                                snapshot_read_epoch,
-                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                                            );
-
-                                            // Persist state on barrier
-                                            Self::persist_state(
-                                                barrier.epoch,
-                                                &mut self.state_table,
-                                                false,
-                                                &current_pos,
-                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                                                &mut old_state,
-                                                &mut current_state,
-                                            )
-                                            .await?;
-
-                                            tracing::trace!(
-                                                epoch = ?barrier.epoch,
-                                                ?current_pos,
-                                                total_snapshot_processed_rows,
-                                                "Backfill state persisted"
-                                            );
-
-                                            yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
-                                        }
+                                        pending_barrier = Some(barrier);
+                                        break;
                                     }
                                     Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
                                         // Buffer the upstream chunk.
@@ -683,7 +596,6 @@ where
         ordered: bool,
         builder: &'a mut DataChunkBuilder,
     ) {
-        tracing::trace!("new snapshot_read, epoch={}", epoch);
         let range_bounds = compute_bounds(upstream_table.pk_indices(), current_pos);
         let range_bounds = match range_bounds {
             None => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
index dbecae35542d8..81030526b82f3 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/chain.rs
@@ -162,8 +162,6 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
                     None
                 };
 
-                let snapshot_read_interval = node.get_snapshot_read_barrier_interval();
-
                 BackfillExecutor::new(
                     upstream_table,
                     mview,
@@ -175,7 +173,6 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for ChainExecutorBuilder {
                     stream.streaming_metrics.clone(),
                     params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
                     params.executor_id,
-                    snapshot_read_interval as usize,
                 )
                 .boxed()
             }

From f27182f35cad6831b5751f677f32645aa1321613 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 19:43:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 320/430] fix(state table): add the accidentally deleted
 prefix_hint back (#12817)

Co-authored-by: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs | 59 ++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index 7beaef468cf61..37e788a3e7abd 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -1136,42 +1136,61 @@ where
     /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `sub_range` under the same
     /// `vnode`. If `sub_range` is (Unbounded, Unbounded), it scans rows from the relational table with specific `pk_prefix`.
     /// `pk_prefix` is used to identify the exact vnode the scan should perform on.
+
+    /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `pk_sub_range` under the same
+    /// `vnode`.
     pub async fn iter_with_prefix(
         &self,
         pk_prefix: impl Row,
         sub_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
         prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
+        let prefix_serializer = self.pk_serde.prefix(pk_prefix.len());
+        let encoded_prefix = serialize_pk(&pk_prefix, &prefix_serializer);
+        let encoded_key_range = range_of_prefix(&encoded_prefix);
+
+        // We assume that all usages of iterating the state table only access a single vnode.
+        // If this assertion fails, then something must be wrong with the operator implementation or
+        // the distribution derivation from the optimizer.
         let vnode = self.compute_prefix_vnode(&pk_prefix).to_be_bytes();
+        let encoded_key_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(encoded_key_range, &vnode);
 
-        let memcomparable_range =
-            prefix_and_sub_range_to_memcomparable(&self.pk_serde, sub_range, pk_prefix);
+        // Construct prefix hint for prefix bloom filter.
+        let pk_prefix_indices = &self.pk_indices[..pk_prefix.len()];
+        if self.prefix_hint_len != 0 {
+            debug_assert_eq!(self.prefix_hint_len, pk_prefix.len());
+        }
+        let prefix_hint = {
+            if self.prefix_hint_len == 0 || self.prefix_hint_len > pk_prefix.len() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let encoded_prefix_len = self
+                    .pk_serde
+                    .deserialize_prefix_len(&encoded_prefix, self.prefix_hint_len)?;
 
-        let memcomparable_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(memcomparable_range, &vnode);
-        Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
-            self.iter_kv(memcomparable_range_with_vnode, None, prefetch_options)
-                .await?,
-            &self.row_serde,
-        ))
-    }
+                Some(Bytes::from(encoded_prefix[..encoded_prefix_len].to_vec()))
+            }
+        };
 
-    /// This function scans rows from the relational table with specific `prefix` and `pk_sub_range` under the same
-    /// `vnode`.
-    pub async fn iter_row_with_pk_prefix_sub_range(
-        &self,
-        pk_prefix: impl Row,
-        sub_range: &(Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
-        prefetch_options: PrefetchOptions,
-    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<KeyedRowStream<'_, S, SD>> {
-        let vnode = self.compute_prefix_vnode(&pk_prefix).to_be_bytes();
+        trace!(
+            table_id = %self.table_id(),
+            ?prefix_hint, ?encoded_key_range_with_vnode, ?pk_prefix,
+             ?pk_prefix_indices,
+            "storage_iter_with_prefix"
+        );
 
         let memcomparable_range =
             prefix_and_sub_range_to_memcomparable(&self.pk_serde, sub_range, pk_prefix);
 
         let memcomparable_range_with_vnode = prefixed_range(memcomparable_range, &vnode);
+
         Ok(deserialize_keyed_row_stream(
-            self.iter_kv(memcomparable_range_with_vnode, None, prefetch_options)
-                .await?,
+            self.iter_kv(
+                memcomparable_range_with_vnode,
+                prefix_hint,
+                prefetch_options,
+            )
+            .await?,
             &self.row_serde,
         ))
     }

From 0364affce14b26a6cf43b15f2a5915bb9b698142 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 13:12:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 321/430] fix: Revert "feat: use seperated runtime for source
 manager (#12571)" (#12801)

---
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs     |  4 ++--
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs | 19 ++-----------------
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
index 84c88c66a9c6f..f30d8253cb95d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ use tokio::sync::{oneshot, watch};
 use tokio::time;
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 
-use crate::rpc::election::META_ELECTION_KEY;
+use crate::rpc::election::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, META_ELECTION_KEY};
 use crate::storage::WrappedEtcdClient;
-use crate::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, MetaResult};
+use crate::MetaResult;
 
 pub struct EtcdElectionClient {
     id: String,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index e208222de4908..fa3159f6657ec 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
-use risingwave_common::util::runtime::BackgroundShutdownRuntime;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
     ConnectorProperties, SourceEnumeratorContext, SourceEnumeratorInfo, SourceProperties,
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ pub struct SourceManager {
     barrier_scheduler: BarrierScheduler,
     core: Mutex<SourceManagerCore>,
     metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
-    runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
 }
 
 const MAX_FAIL_CNT: u32 = 10;
@@ -501,20 +499,11 @@ impl SourceManager {
         fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
         metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
     ) -> MetaResult<Self> {
-        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
-            .thread_name("risingwave-source-manager")
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
-
-        let runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime> = Arc::new(runtime.into());
-
         let mut managed_sources = HashMap::new();
         {
             let sources = catalog_manager.list_sources().await;
             for source in sources {
                 Self::create_source_worker_async(
-                    runtime.clone(),
                     env.connector_client(),
                     source,
                     &mut managed_sources,
@@ -548,7 +537,6 @@ impl SourceManager {
             core,
             paused: Mutex::new(()),
             metrics,
-            runtime,
         })
     }
 
@@ -691,7 +679,6 @@ impl SourceManager {
             tracing::warn!("source {} already registered", source.get_id());
         } else {
             Self::create_source_worker(
-                self.runtime.clone(),
                 self.env.connector_client(),
                 source,
                 &mut core.managed_sources,
@@ -704,7 +691,6 @@ impl SourceManager {
     }
 
     fn create_source_worker_async(
-        runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
         connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
         source: Source,
         managed_sources: &mut HashMap<SourceId, ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle>,
@@ -720,7 +706,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
 
         let connector_properties = extract_prop_from_source(&source)?;
         let enable_scale_in = connector_properties.enable_split_scale_in();
-        let handle = runtime.spawn(async move {
+        let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
             let mut ticker = time::interval(Self::DEFAULT_SOURCE_TICK_INTERVAL);
             ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
 
@@ -764,7 +750,6 @@ impl SourceManager {
     }
 
     async fn create_source_worker(
-        runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
         connector_client: Option<ConnectorClient>,
         source: &Source,
         managed_sources: &mut HashMap<SourceId, ConnectorSourceWorkerHandle>,
@@ -806,7 +791,7 @@ impl SourceManager {
                     })??;
             }
 
-            runtime.spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await })
+            tokio::spawn(async move { worker.run(sync_call_rx).await })
         });
 
         managed_sources.insert(

From 7761c4ff18b19718d8dbde5e862505e8bbdef74e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 00:30:51 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 322/430] feat(storage): filecache lazy load, unit-level
 refill, reduce insert latency (#12714)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  35 +-
 src/common/src/config.rs                      |  57 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      |  22 +-
 src/config/example.toml                       |  12 +-
 src/ctl/src/common/hummock_service.rs         |   1 +
 src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs          |   1 +
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |   2 +-
 src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs        |   1 +
 src/storage/benches/bench_multi_builder.rs    |   1 +
 .../hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs       |   1 +
 .../src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs     | 178 +++++-
 src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs   | 523 +++++++++---------
 .../src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs        |   1 +
 src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs                |   2 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs      |  92 +--
 .../src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs      |   2 +
 src/storage/src/opts.rs                       |  27 +-
 src/storage/src/store_impl.rs                 |  54 +-
 .../src/delete_range_runner.rs                |   1 +
 19 files changed, 597 insertions(+), 416 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3cd5c9fe6be76..e3b68e7f34607 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1774,9 +1774,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cmsketch"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "467e460587e81453bf9aeb43cd534e9c5ad670042023bd6c3f377c23b76cc2f0"
+checksum = "93710598b87c37ea250ab17a36f9f79dbaf3bd20e55806cf09345103bc26d60e"
 dependencies = [
  "paste",
 ]
@@ -3013,7 +3013,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
 dependencies = [
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-intrusive",
@@ -3024,21 +3024,21 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
+ "madsim-tokio",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
  "rand",
- "tokio",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-intrusive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cmsketch",
@@ -3055,11 +3055,10 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-storage"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-channel",
- "async-trait",
  "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "bitmaps",
  "bytes",
@@ -3070,6 +3069,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libc",
+ "madsim-tokio",
  "memoffset",
  "nix 0.27.1",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
@@ -3077,7 +3077,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "prometheus",
  "rand",
  "thiserror",
- "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "twox-hash",
 ]
@@ -3085,7 +3084,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-workspace-hack"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=41b1d39#41b1d3934cc92976737a9296273b4c5bee6422a0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "either",
@@ -3096,7 +3095,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
  "libc",
- "lock_api",
  "memchr",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "parking_lot_core 0.9.8",
@@ -3104,8 +3102,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "rand",
  "regex",
- "regex-automata 0.3.8",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
+ "regex-automata 0.4.1",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.0",
  "syn 2.0.37",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
@@ -6685,17 +6683,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax 0.6.29",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.3.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c2f401f4955220693b56f8ec66ee9c78abffd8d1c4f23dc41a23839eb88f0795"
-dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
- "memchr",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-automata"
 version = "0.4.1"
diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 785ad614bc257..346dc4d357c1d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -586,15 +586,36 @@ pub struct StorageConfig {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, DefaultFromSerde)]
 pub struct CacheRefillConfig {
+    /// SSTable levels to refill.
     #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::data_refill_levels")]
     pub data_refill_levels: Vec<u32>,
 
+    /// Cache refill maximum timeout to apply version delta.
     #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::timeout_ms")]
     pub timeout_ms: u64,
 
+    /// Inflight data cache refill tasks.
     #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::concurrency")]
     pub concurrency: usize,
 
+    /// Block count that a data cache refill request fetches.
+    #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::unit")]
+    pub unit: usize,
+
+    /// Data cache refill unit admission ratio.
+    ///
+    /// Only unit whose blocks are admitted above the ratio will be refilled.
+    #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::threshold")]
+    pub threshold: f64,
+
+    /// Recent filter layer count.
+    #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::recent_filter_layers")]
+    pub recent_filter_layers: usize,
+
+    /// Recent filter layer rotate interval.
+    #[serde(default = "default::cache_refill::recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms")]
+    pub recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms: usize,
+
     #[serde(default, flatten)]
     pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 }
@@ -637,8 +658,8 @@ pub struct FileCacheConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio")]
     pub lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: f64,
 
-    #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::rated_random_rate_mb")]
-    pub rated_random_rate_mb: usize,
+    #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::insert_rate_limit_mb")]
+    pub insert_rate_limit_mb: usize,
 
     #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::flush_rate_limit_mb")]
     pub flush_rate_limit_mb: usize,
@@ -646,6 +667,12 @@ pub struct FileCacheConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::reclaim_rate_limit_mb")]
     pub reclaim_rate_limit_mb: usize,
 
+    #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::allocation_bits")]
+    pub allocation_bits: usize,
+
+    #[serde(default = "default::file_cache::allocation_timeout_ms")]
+    pub allocation_timeout_ms: usize,
+
     #[serde(default, flatten)]
     pub unrecognized: Unrecognized<Self>,
 }
@@ -1132,7 +1159,7 @@ pub mod default {
             0.01
         }
 
-        pub fn rated_random_rate_mb() -> usize {
+        pub fn insert_rate_limit_mb() -> usize {
             0
         }
 
@@ -1143,6 +1170,14 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn reclaim_rate_limit_mb() -> usize {
             0
         }
+
+        pub fn allocation_bits() -> usize {
+            0
+        }
+
+        pub fn allocation_timeout_ms() -> usize {
+            10
+        }
     }
 
     pub mod cache_refill {
@@ -1157,6 +1192,22 @@ pub mod default {
         pub fn concurrency() -> usize {
             10
         }
+
+        pub fn unit() -> usize {
+            64
+        }
+
+        pub fn threshold() -> f64 {
+            0.5
+        }
+
+        pub fn recent_filter_layers() -> usize {
+            6
+        }
+
+        pub fn recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms() -> usize {
+            10000
+        }
     }
 
     pub mod heap_profiling {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 014de7144ef05..3ae47729b336a 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -152,20 +152,34 @@ pub fn storage_memory_config(
             .ceil() as usize)
             >> 20,
     );
+
+    // `foyer` uses a buffer pool to manage dirty buffers.
+    //
+    // buffer size = region size (single file size with fs device)
+    //
+    // writing buffer + flushing buffer + free buffer = buffer pool buffers
+    //
+    // To utilize flushers and allocators, buffers should >= allocators + flushers.
+    //
+    // Adding more buffers can prevent allocators from waiting for buffers to be freed by flushers.
+
     let data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = storage_config
         .data_file_cache
         .buffer_pool_size_mb
         .unwrap_or(
             storage_config.data_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
-                * storage_config.data_file_cache.flushers,
+                * (storage_config.data_file_cache.flushers
+                    + 2 * (1 << storage_config.data_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
         );
     let meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = storage_config
         .meta_file_cache
         .buffer_pool_size_mb
         .unwrap_or(
             storage_config.meta_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
-                * storage_config.meta_file_cache.flushers,
+                * (storage_config.meta_file_cache.flushers
+                    + 2 * (1 << storage_config.meta_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
         );
+
     let compactor_memory_limit_mb = storage_config.compactor_memory_limit_mb.unwrap_or(
         ((non_reserved_memory_bytes as f64 * compactor_memory_proportion).ceil() as usize) >> 20,
     );
@@ -229,8 +243,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(memory_config.block_cache_capacity_mb, 737);
         assert_eq!(memory_config.meta_cache_capacity_mb, 860);
         assert_eq!(memory_config.shared_buffer_capacity_mb, 737);
-        assert_eq!(memory_config.data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 256);
-        assert_eq!(memory_config.meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 256);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 384);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 384);
         assert_eq!(memory_config.compactor_memory_limit_mb, 819);
 
         storage_config.block_cache_capacity_mb = Some(512);
diff --git a/src/config/example.toml b/src/config/example.toml
index 3e407150eb8ab..141078ddf8a54 100644
--- a/src/config/example.toml
+++ b/src/config/example.toml
@@ -123,9 +123,11 @@ reclaimers = 4
 recover_concurrency = 8
 lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio = 1
 lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio = 0.01
-rated_random_rate_mb = 0
+insert_rate_limit_mb = 0
 flush_rate_limit_mb = 0
 reclaim_rate_limit_mb = 0
+allocation_bits = 0
+allocation_timeout_ms = 10
 
 [storage.meta_file_cache]
 dir = ""
@@ -138,14 +140,20 @@ reclaimers = 4
 recover_concurrency = 8
 lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio = 1
 lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio = 0.01
-rated_random_rate_mb = 0
+insert_rate_limit_mb = 0
 flush_rate_limit_mb = 0
 reclaim_rate_limit_mb = 0
+allocation_bits = 0
+allocation_timeout_ms = 10
 
 [storage.cache_refill]
 data_refill_levels = []
 timeout_ms = 6000
 concurrency = 10
+unit = 64
+threshold = 0.5
+recent_filter_layers = 6
+recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms = 10000
 
 [system]
 barrier_interval_ms = 1000
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/common/hummock_service.rs b/src/ctl/src/common/hummock_service.rs
index fe3ffefbbdcc6..8b86892781d52 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/common/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/common/hummock_service.rs
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ For `./risedev apply-compose-deploy` users,
             0,
             FileCache::none(),
             FileCache::none(),
+            None,
         )))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
index 5917d08582998..a8a79f4b48c45 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/hummock_iterator.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ impl HummockJavaBindingIterator {
             0,
             FileCache::none(),
             FileCache::none(),
+            None,
         ));
         let reader =
             HummockVersionReader::new(sstable_store, Arc::new(HummockStateStoreMetrics::unused()));
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 9e778668f4385..49c1977c0f034 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ dyn-clone = "1.0.14"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"
-foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "41b1d39" }
+foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "438eec8" }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hex = "0.4"
diff --git a/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs b/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
index df455cf1000ee..41a3649adc5cf 100644
--- a/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
+++ b/src/storage/benches/bench_compactor.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub fn mock_sstable_store() -> SstableStoreRef {
         0,
         FileCache::none(),
         FileCache::none(),
+        None,
     ))
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/benches/bench_multi_builder.rs b/src/storage/benches/bench_multi_builder.rs
index a295864060866..9bf0e0a9546ec 100644
--- a/src/storage/benches/bench_multi_builder.rs
+++ b/src/storage/benches/bench_multi_builder.rs
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ fn bench_builder(
         0,
         FileCache::none(),
         FileCache::none(),
+        None,
     ));
 
     let mut group = c.benchmark_group("bench_multi_builder");
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
index 7a000c914e3a9..1e9c9591bc864 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ async fn create_replay_hummock(r: Record, args: &Args) -> Result<impl GlobalRepl
             storage_opts.high_priority_ratio,
             FileCache::none(),
             FileCache::none(),
+            None,
         ))
     };
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
index 131fec93c774e..e9eabb952d2d2 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/refiller.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
 use std::task::{ready, Context, Poll};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use foyer::common::code::Key;
 use futures::future::{join_all, try_join_all};
 use futures::{Future, FutureExt};
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -28,12 +29,16 @@ use prometheus::{
     register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, HistogramVec, IntGauge, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::SstDeltaInfo;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
+use crate::hummock::file_cache::preclude::*;
 use crate::hummock::local_version::pinned_version::PinnedVersion;
-use crate::hummock::{HummockResult, SstableStoreRef, TableHolder};
+use crate::hummock::{
+    Block, HummockError, HummockResult, Sstable, SstableBlockIndex, SstableStoreRef, TableHolder,
+};
 use crate::monitor::StoreLocalStatistic;
 
 pub static GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS: LazyLock<CacheRefillMetrics> =
@@ -42,6 +47,7 @@ pub static GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS: LazyLock<CacheRefillMetrics> =
 pub struct CacheRefillMetrics {
     pub refill_duration: HistogramVec,
     pub refill_total: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    pub refill_bytes: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
     pub data_refill_success_duration: Histogram,
     pub meta_refill_success_duration: Histogram,
@@ -51,6 +57,9 @@ pub struct CacheRefillMetrics {
     pub data_refill_started_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
     pub meta_refill_attempts_total: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
 
+    pub data_refill_ideal_bytes: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub data_refill_success_bytes: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+
     pub refill_queue_total: IntGauge,
 }
 
@@ -70,6 +79,13 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
             registry,
         )
         .unwrap();
+        let refill_bytes = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+            "refill_bytes",
+            "refill bytes",
+            &["type", "op"],
+            registry,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
 
         let data_refill_success_duration = refill_duration
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "success"])
@@ -91,6 +107,13 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&["meta", "attempts"])
             .unwrap();
 
+        let data_refill_ideal_bytes = refill_bytes
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "ideal"])
+            .unwrap();
+        let data_refill_success_bytes = refill_bytes
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&["data", "success"])
+            .unwrap();
+
         let refill_queue_total = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
             "refill_queue_total",
             "refill queue total",
@@ -101,6 +124,7 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
         Self {
             refill_duration,
             refill_total,
+            refill_bytes,
 
             data_refill_success_duration,
             meta_refill_success_duration,
@@ -108,6 +132,10 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
             data_refill_attempts_total,
             data_refill_started_total,
             meta_refill_attempts_total,
+
+            data_refill_ideal_bytes,
+            data_refill_success_bytes,
+
             refill_queue_total,
         }
     }
@@ -115,9 +143,22 @@ impl CacheRefillMetrics {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CacheRefillConfig {
+    /// Cache refill timeout.
     pub timeout: Duration,
+
+    /// Data file cache refill levels.
     pub data_refill_levels: HashSet<u32>,
+
+    /// Data file cache refill concurrency.
     pub concurrency: usize,
+
+    /// Data file cache refill unit (blocks).
+    pub unit: usize,
+
+    /// Data file cache reill unit threshold.
+    ///
+    /// Only units whose admit rate > threshold will be refilled.
+    pub threshold: f64,
 }
 
 struct Item {
@@ -265,10 +306,8 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
         delta: &SstDeltaInfo,
         holders: Vec<TableHolder>,
     ) {
-        let now = Instant::now();
-
         // return if data file cache is disabled
-        let Some(filter) = context.sstable_store.data_file_cache_refill_filter() else {
+        let Some(filter) = context.sstable_store.data_recent_filter() else {
             return;
         };
 
@@ -294,29 +333,126 @@ impl CacheRefillTask {
         let mut tasks = vec![];
         for sst_info in &holders {
             let task = async move {
-                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_attempts_total.inc();
+                if let Err(e) = Self::data_file_cache_refill_impl(context, sst_info.value()).await {
+                    tracing::warn!("data cache refill error: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            };
+            tasks.push(task);
+        }
+
+        join_all(tasks).await;
+    }
+
+    async fn data_file_cache_refill_impl(
+        context: &CacheRefillContext,
+        sst: &Sstable,
+    ) -> HummockResult<()> {
+        let sstable_store = &context.sstable_store;
+        let object_id = sst.id;
+        let unit = context.config.unit;
+        let threshold = context.config.threshold;
+
+        if let Some(filter) = sstable_store.data_recent_filter() {
+            filter.insert(object_id);
+        }
+
+        let mut tasks = vec![];
+
+        // unit-level refill:
+        //
+        // Although file cache receivces item by block, a larger range of data is still recommended to reduce
+        // S3 iops and per request base latency waste.
+        //
+        // To decide which unit to refill, we calculate the ratio that the block of a unit will be received by
+        // file cache. If the ratio is higher than a threshold, we fetich and refill the whole unit by block.
+
+        for block_index_start in (0..sst.block_count()).step_by(unit) {
+            let block_index_end = std::cmp::min(block_index_start + unit, sst.block_count());
+
+            let (range_first, _) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index_start);
+            let (range_last, _) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index_end - 1);
+            let range = range_first.start..range_last.end;
+
+            GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
+                .data_refill_ideal_bytes
+                .inc_by((range.end - range.start) as u64);
+
+            let mut writers = Vec::with_capacity(block_index_end - block_index_start);
+            let mut ranges = Vec::with_capacity(block_index_end - block_index_start);
+            let mut admits = 0;
+
+            for block_index in block_index_start..block_index_end {
+                let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
+                let key = SstableBlockIndex {
+                    sst_id: object_id,
+                    block_idx: block_index as u64,
+                };
+                let mut writer = sstable_store
+                    .data_file_cache()
+                    .writer(key, key.serialized_len() + uncompressed_capacity);
+
+                if writer.judge() {
+                    admits += 1;
+                }
+
+                writers.push(writer);
+                ranges.push(range);
+            }
+
+            if admits as f64 / writers.len() as f64 >= threshold {
+                let task = async move {
+                    GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_attempts_total.inc();
 
-                let permit = context.concurrency.acquire().await.unwrap();
+                    let permit = context.concurrency.acquire().await.unwrap();
 
-                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_started_total.inc();
+                    GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS.data_refill_started_total.inc();
 
-                match context
-                    .sstable_store
-                    .fill_data_file_cache(sst_info.value())
-                    .await
-                {
-                    Ok(()) => GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
+                    let timer = GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
                         .data_refill_success_duration
-                        .observe(now.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        tracing::warn!("data cache refill error: {:?}", e);
+                        .start_timer();
+
+                    let data = sstable_store
+                        .store()
+                        .read(&sstable_store.get_sst_data_path(object_id), range.clone())
+                        .await?;
+                    let mut futures = vec![];
+                    for (mut writer, r) in writers.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(ranges) {
+                        let offset = r.start - range.start;
+                        let len = r.end - r.start;
+                        let bytes = data.slice(offset..offset + len);
+
+                        let future = async move {
+                            let block = Block::decode(
+                                bytes,
+                                writer.weight() - writer.key().serialized_len(),
+                            )?;
+                            let block = Box::new(block);
+                            writer.force();
+                            let res = writer.finish(block).await.map_err(HummockError::file_cache);
+                            if matches!(res, Ok(true)) {
+                                GLOBAL_CACHE_REFILL_METRICS
+                                    .data_refill_success_bytes
+                                    .inc_by(len as u64);
+                            }
+                            res
+                        };
+                        futures.push(future);
                     }
-                }
-                drop(permit);
-            };
-            tasks.push(task);
+                    try_join_all(futures)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?;
+
+                    drop(permit);
+                    drop(timer);
+
+                    Ok::<_, HummockError>(())
+                };
+                tasks.push(task);
+            }
         }
 
-        join_all(tasks).await;
+        try_join_all(tasks).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
index fd549cbc2a96c..9de54552ae077 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
@@ -20,29 +20,25 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes};
 use foyer::common::code::{Key, Value};
-use foyer::storage::admission::rated_random::RatedRandomAdmissionPolicy;
+use foyer::intrusive::eviction::lfu::LfuConfig;
+use foyer::storage::admission::rated_ticket::RatedTicketAdmissionPolicy;
 use foyer::storage::admission::AdmissionPolicy;
-use foyer::storage::event::EventListener;
+use foyer::storage::device::fs::FsDeviceConfig;
 pub use foyer::storage::metrics::set_metrics_registry as set_foyer_metrics_registry;
-use foyer::storage::store::FetchValueFuture;
-use foyer::storage::LfuFsStoreConfig;
-use risingwave_common::util::runtime::BackgroundShutdownRuntime;
+use foyer::storage::reinsertion::ReinsertionPolicy;
+use foyer::storage::runtime::{
+    RuntimeConfig, RuntimeLazyStore, RuntimeLazyStoreConfig, RuntimeLazyStoreWriter,
+};
+use foyer::storage::storage::{Storage, StorageWriter};
+use foyer::storage::store::{LfuFsStoreConfig, NoneStore, NoneStoreWriter};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockSstableObjectId;
 
 use crate::hummock::{Block, Sstable, SstableMeta};
 
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum FileCacheError {
-    #[error("foyer error: {0}")]
-    Foyer(#[from] foyer::storage::error::Error),
-    #[error("other {0}")]
-    Other(#[from] Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>),
-}
-
-impl FileCacheError {
-    fn foyer(e: foyer::storage::error::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::Foyer(e)
-    }
+pub mod preclude {
+    pub use foyer::storage::storage::{
+        AsyncStorageExt, ForceStorageExt, Storage, StorageExt, StorageWriter,
+    };
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = core::result::Result<T, FileCacheError>;
@@ -50,11 +46,11 @@ pub type Result<T> = core::result::Result<T, FileCacheError>;
 pub type EvictionConfig = foyer::intrusive::eviction::lfu::LfuConfig;
 pub type DeviceConfig = foyer::storage::device::fs::FsDeviceConfig;
 
-pub type FoyerStore<K, V> = foyer::storage::LfuFsStore<K, V>;
-pub type FoyerStoreResult<T> = foyer::storage::error::Result<T>;
-pub type FoyerStoreError = foyer::storage::error::Error;
+pub type FileCacheResult<T> = foyer::storage::error::Result<T>;
+pub type FileCacheError = foyer::storage::error::Error;
 
-pub struct FoyerStoreConfig<K, V>
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FileCacheConfig<K, V>
 where
     K: Key,
     V: Value,
@@ -73,331 +69,320 @@ where
     pub recover_concurrency: usize,
     pub lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: usize,
     pub lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: f64,
-    pub rated_random_rate: usize,
-    pub event_listener: Vec<Arc<dyn EventListener<K = K, V = V>>>,
-    pub enable_filter: bool,
+    pub insert_rate_limit: usize,
+    pub allocator_bits: usize,
+    pub allocation_timeout: Duration,
+    pub admissions: Vec<Arc<dyn AdmissionPolicy<Key = K, Value = V>>>,
+    pub reinsertions: Vec<Arc<dyn ReinsertionPolicy<Key = K, Value = V>>>,
 }
 
-pub struct FoyerRuntimeConfig<K, V>
+impl<K, V> Clone for FileCacheConfig<K, V>
 where
     K: Key,
     V: Value,
 {
-    pub foyer_store_config: FoyerStoreConfig<K, V>,
-    pub runtime_worker_threads: Option<usize>,
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: self.name.clone(),
+            dir: self.dir.clone(),
+            capacity: self.capacity,
+            file_capacity: self.file_capacity,
+            buffer_pool_size: self.buffer_pool_size,
+            device_align: self.device_align,
+            device_io_size: self.device_io_size,
+            flushers: self.flushers,
+            flush_rate_limit: self.flush_rate_limit,
+            reclaimers: self.reclaimers,
+            reclaim_rate_limit: self.reclaim_rate_limit,
+            recover_concurrency: self.recover_concurrency,
+            lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: self.lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio,
+            lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: self.lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
+            insert_rate_limit: self.insert_rate_limit,
+            allocator_bits: self.allocator_bits,
+            allocation_timeout: self.allocation_timeout,
+            admissions: self.admissions.clone(),
+            reinsertions: self.reinsertions.clone(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct SstableBlockIndex {
-    pub sst_id: HummockSstableObjectId,
-    pub block_idx: u64,
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FileCacheWriter<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    Foyer {
+        writer: RuntimeLazyStoreWriter<K, V>,
+    },
+    None {
+        writer: NoneStoreWriter<K, V>,
+    },
 }
 
-impl Key for SstableBlockIndex {
-    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
-        8 + 8 // sst_id (8B) + block_idx (8B)
-    }
-
-    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
-        buf.put_u64(self.sst_id);
-        buf.put_u64(self.block_idx);
+impl<K, V> From<RuntimeLazyStoreWriter<K, V>> for FileCacheWriter<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    fn from(writer: RuntimeLazyStoreWriter<K, V>) -> Self {
+        Self::Foyer { writer }
     }
+}
 
-    fn read(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
-        let sst_id = buf.get_u64();
-        let block_idx = buf.get_u64();
-        Self { sst_id, block_idx }
+impl<K, V> From<NoneStoreWriter<K, V>> for FileCacheWriter<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    fn from(writer: NoneStoreWriter<K, V>) -> Self {
+        Self::None { writer }
     }
 }
 
-impl Value for Box<Block> {
-    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.raw_data().len()
-    }
+impl<K, V> StorageWriter for FileCacheWriter<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    type Key = K;
+    type Value = V;
 
-    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
-        buf.put_slice(self.raw_data())
+    fn key(&self) -> &Self::Key {
+        match self {
+            FileCacheWriter::Foyer { writer } => writer.key(),
+            FileCacheWriter::None { writer } => writer.key(),
+        }
     }
 
-    fn read(buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
-        let data = Bytes::copy_from_slice(buf);
-        let block = Block::decode_from_raw(data);
-        Box::new(block)
+    fn weight(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            FileCacheWriter::Foyer { writer } => writer.weight(),
+            FileCacheWriter::None { writer } => writer.weight(),
+        }
     }
-}
 
-impl Value for Box<Sstable> {
-    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
-        8 + self.meta.encoded_size() // id (8B) + meta size
+    fn judge(&mut self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            FileCacheWriter::Foyer { writer } => writer.judge(),
+            FileCacheWriter::None { writer } => writer.judge(),
+        }
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
-        buf.put_u64(self.id);
-        // TODO(MrCroxx): avoid buffer copy
-        let mut buffer = vec![];
-        self.meta.encode_to(&mut buffer);
-        buf.put_slice(&buffer[..])
+    fn force(&mut self) {
+        match self {
+            FileCacheWriter::Foyer { writer } => writer.force(),
+            FileCacheWriter::None { writer } => writer.force(),
+        }
     }
 
-    fn read(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
-        let id = buf.get_u64();
-        let meta = SstableMeta::decode(buf).unwrap();
-        Box::new(Sstable::new(id, meta))
+    async fn finish(self, value: Self::Value) -> FileCacheResult<bool> {
+        match self {
+            FileCacheWriter::Foyer { writer } => writer.finish(value).await,
+            FileCacheWriter::None { writer } => writer.finish(value).await,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum FileCache<K, V>
 where
-    K: Key + Copy,
+    K: Key,
     V: Value,
 {
-    None,
-    FoyerRuntime {
-        runtime: Arc<BackgroundShutdownRuntime>,
-        store: Arc<FoyerStore<K, V>>,
-        enable_filter: bool,
-    },
+    Foyer { store: RuntimeLazyStore<K, V> },
+    None { store: NoneStore<K, V> },
+}
+
+impl<K, V> Clone for FileCache<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Self::Foyer { store } => Self::Foyer {
+                store: store.clone(),
+            },
+            Self::None { store } => Self::None {
+                store: store.clone(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<K, V> FileCache<K, V>
 where
-    K: Key + Copy,
+    K: Key,
     V: Value,
 {
     pub fn none() -> Self {
-        Self::None
+        Self::None {
+            store: NoneStore::default(),
+        }
     }
+}
 
-    pub async fn foyer(config: FoyerRuntimeConfig<K, V>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut builder = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread();
-        if let Some(runtime_worker_threads) = config.runtime_worker_threads {
-            builder.worker_threads(runtime_worker_threads);
+impl<K, V> Storage for FileCache<K, V>
+where
+    K: Key,
+    V: Value,
+{
+    type Config = FileCacheConfig<K, V>;
+    type Key = K;
+    type Value = V;
+    type Writer = FileCacheWriter<K, V>;
+
+    async fn open(config: Self::Config) -> FileCacheResult<Self> {
+        let mut admissions = config.admissions;
+        if config.insert_rate_limit > 0 {
+            admissions.push(Arc::new(RatedTicketAdmissionPolicy::new(
+                config.insert_rate_limit,
+            )));
         }
-        let runtime = builder
-            .thread_name("risingwave-foyer-storage")
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .map_err(|e| FileCacheError::Other(e.into()))?;
-
-        let enable_filter = config.foyer_store_config.enable_filter;
-
-        let store = runtime
-            .spawn(async move {
-                let foyer_store_config = config.foyer_store_config;
-
-                let file_capacity = foyer_store_config.file_capacity;
-                let capacity = foyer_store_config.capacity;
-                let capacity = capacity - (capacity % file_capacity);
-
-                let mut admissions: Vec<Arc<dyn AdmissionPolicy<Key = K, Value = V>>> = vec![];
-                if foyer_store_config.rated_random_rate > 0 {
-                    let rr = RatedRandomAdmissionPolicy::new(
-                        foyer_store_config.rated_random_rate,
-                        Duration::from_millis(100),
-                    );
-                    admissions.push(Arc::new(rr));
-                }
-
-                let c = LfuFsStoreConfig {
-                    name: foyer_store_config.name,
-                    eviction_config: EvictionConfig {
-                        window_to_cache_size_ratio: foyer_store_config
-                            .lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio,
-                        tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: foyer_store_config.lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
-                    },
-                    device_config: DeviceConfig {
-                        dir: foyer_store_config.dir.clone(),
-                        capacity,
-                        file_capacity,
-                        align: foyer_store_config.device_align,
-                        io_size: foyer_store_config.device_io_size,
-                    },
-                    admissions,
-                    reinsertions: vec![],
-                    buffer_pool_size: foyer_store_config.buffer_pool_size,
-                    flushers: foyer_store_config.flushers,
-                    flush_rate_limit: foyer_store_config.flush_rate_limit,
-                    reclaimers: foyer_store_config.reclaimers,
-                    reclaim_rate_limit: foyer_store_config.reclaim_rate_limit,
-                    recover_concurrency: foyer_store_config.recover_concurrency,
-                    event_listeners: foyer_store_config.event_listener,
-                    clean_region_threshold: foyer_store_config.reclaimers
-                        + foyer_store_config.reclaimers / 2,
-                };
-
-                FoyerStore::open(c).await.map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            })
-            .await
-            .unwrap()?;
-
-        Ok(Self::FoyerRuntime {
-            runtime: Arc::new(runtime.into()),
-            store,
-            enable_filter,
-        })
-    }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, value))]
-    pub async fn insert(&self, key: K, value: V) -> Result<bool> {
-        match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move { store.insert_if_not_exists(key, value).await })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
+        let c = RuntimeLazyStoreConfig {
+            store: LfuFsStoreConfig {
+                name: config.name.clone(),
+                eviction_config: LfuConfig {
+                    window_to_cache_size_ratio: config.lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio,
+                    tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: config.lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
+                },
+                device_config: FsDeviceConfig {
+                    dir: config.dir,
+                    capacity: config.capacity,
+                    file_capacity: config.file_capacity,
+                    align: config.device_align,
+                    io_size: config.device_io_size,
+                },
+                allocator_bits: config.allocator_bits,
+                admissions,
+                reinsertions: config.reinsertions,
+                buffer_pool_size: config.buffer_pool_size,
+                flushers: config.flushers,
+                flush_rate_limit: config.flush_rate_limit,
+                reclaimers: config.reclaimers,
+                reclaim_rate_limit: config.reclaim_rate_limit,
+                allocation_timeout: config.allocation_timeout,
+                clean_region_threshold: config.reclaimers + config.reclaimers / 2,
+                recover_concurrency: config.recover_concurrency,
             }
-        }
+            .into(),
+            runtime: RuntimeConfig {
+                worker_threads: None,
+                thread_name: Some(config.name),
+            },
+        };
+        let store = RuntimeLazyStore::open(c).await?;
+        Ok(Self::Foyer { store })
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub fn insert_without_wait(&self, key: K, value: V) {
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => {}
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                runtime.spawn(async move { store.insert_if_not_exists(key, value).await });
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.is_ready(),
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.is_ready(),
         }
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, value))]
-    pub async fn insert_force(&self, key: K, value: V) -> Result<bool> {
+    async fn close(&self) -> FileCacheResult<()> {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move { store.insert_force(key, value).await })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.close().await,
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.close().await,
         }
     }
 
-    /// only fetch value if judge pass
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, fetch_value))]
-    pub async fn insert_with<F, FU>(
-        &self,
-        key: K,
-        fetch_value: F,
-        value_serialized_len: usize,
-    ) -> Result<bool>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce() -> FU,
-        FU: FetchValueFuture<V>,
-    {
+    fn writer(&self, key: Self::Key, weight: usize) -> Self::Writer {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                let future = fetch_value();
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move {
-                        store
-                            .insert_if_not_exists_with_future(
-                                key,
-                                || future,
-                                key.serialized_len() + value_serialized_len,
-                            )
-                            .await
-                    })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.writer(key, weight).into(),
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.writer(key, weight).into(),
         }
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn remove(&self, key: &K) -> Result<bool> {
+    fn exists(&self, key: &Self::Key) -> FileCacheResult<bool> {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                let key = *key;
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move { store.remove(&key).await })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.exists(key),
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.exists(key),
         }
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub fn remove_without_wait(&self, key: &K) {
+    async fn lookup(&self, key: &Self::Key) -> FileCacheResult<Option<Self::Value>> {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => {}
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                let key = *key;
-                runtime.spawn(async move { store.remove(&key).await });
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.lookup(key).await,
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.lookup(key).await,
         }
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn clear(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    fn remove(&self, key: &Self::Key) -> FileCacheResult<bool> {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(()),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move { store.clear().await })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.remove(key),
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.remove(key),
         }
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub fn clear_without_wait(&self) {
+    fn clear(&self) -> FileCacheResult<()> {
         match self {
-            FileCache::None => {}
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                runtime.spawn(async move { store.clear().await });
-            }
+            FileCache::Foyer { store } => store.clear(),
+            FileCache::None { store } => store.clear(),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn lookup(&self, key: &K) -> Result<Option<V>> {
-        match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(None),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { runtime, store, .. } => {
-                let store = store.clone();
-                let key = *key;
-                runtime
-                    .spawn(async move { store.lookup(&key).await })
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
-        }
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct SstableBlockIndex {
+    pub sst_id: HummockSstableObjectId,
+    pub block_idx: u64,
+}
+
+impl Key for SstableBlockIndex {
+    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
+        8 + 8 // sst_id (8B) + block_idx (8B)
     }
 
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn exists(&self, key: &K) -> Result<bool> {
-        match self {
-            FileCache::None => Ok(false),
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { store, .. } => {
-                store.exists(key).map_err(FileCacheError::foyer)
-            }
-        }
+    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
+        buf.put_u64(self.sst_id);
+        buf.put_u64(self.block_idx);
     }
 
-    pub fn is_filter_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            FileCache::None => false,
-            FileCache::FoyerRuntime { enable_filter, .. } => *enable_filter,
-        }
+    fn read(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let sst_id = buf.get_u64();
+        let block_idx = buf.get_u64();
+        Self { sst_id, block_idx }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Value for Box<Block> {
+    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.raw_data().len()
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
+        buf.put_slice(self.raw_data())
+    }
+
+    fn read(buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let data = Bytes::copy_from_slice(buf);
+        let block = Block::decode_from_raw(data);
+        Box::new(block)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Value for Box<Sstable> {
+    fn serialized_len(&self) -> usize {
+        8 + self.meta.encoded_size() // id (8B) + meta size
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) {
+        buf.put_u64(self.id);
+        // TODO(MrCroxx): avoid buffer copy
+        let mut buffer = vec![];
+        self.meta.encode_to(&mut buffer);
+        buf.put_slice(&buffer[..])
+    }
+
+    fn read(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let id = buf.get_u64();
+        let meta = SstableMeta::decode(buf).unwrap();
+        Box::new(Sstable::new(id, meta))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
index a11e46e879dda..4845d7b43a0e4 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/iterator/test_utils.rs
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ pub fn mock_sstable_store_with_object_store(store: ObjectStoreRef) -> SstableSto
         0,
         FileCache::none(),
         FileCache::none(),
+        None,
     ))
 }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
index 5634fbd56086a..60553b5aa09a3 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/mod.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::hummock::SstableInfo;
 mod block_cache;
 pub use block_cache::*;
 
-mod file_cache;
+pub mod file_cache;
 pub use file_cache::*;
 
 pub mod sstable;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
index 9d835409a6e28..73d6110cacd29 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable_store.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,10 @@ use std::clone::Clone;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
 
 use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use fail::fail_point;
-use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::{future, StreamExt};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::cache::{CachePriority, LookupResponse, LruCacheEventListener};
@@ -41,6 +39,7 @@ use super::{
     Block, BlockCache, BlockMeta, BlockResponse, FileCache, RecentFilter, Sstable,
     SstableBlockIndex, SstableMeta, SstableWriter,
 };
+use crate::hummock::file_cache::preclude::*;
 use crate::hummock::multi_builder::UploadJoinHandle;
 use crate::hummock::{
     BlockHolder, CacheableEntry, HummockError, HummockResult, LruCache, MemoryLimiter,
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ impl LruCacheEventListener for BlockCacheEventListener {
             sst_id: key.0,
             block_idx: key.1,
         };
-        self.data_file_cache.insert_without_wait(key, value);
+        self.data_file_cache.insert_async(key, value);
     }
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ impl LruCacheEventListener for MetaCacheEventListener {
     type T = Box<Sstable>;
 
     fn on_release(&self, key: Self::K, value: Self::T) {
-        self.0.insert_without_wait(key, value);
+        self.0.insert_async(key, value);
     }
 }
 
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ pub struct SstableStore {
     data_file_cache: FileCache<SstableBlockIndex, Box<Block>>,
     meta_file_cache: FileCache<HummockSstableObjectId, Box<Sstable>>,
 
-    data_file_cache_refill_filter: Option<Arc<RecentFilter<HummockSstableObjectId>>>,
+    recent_filter: Option<Arc<RecentFilter<HummockSstableObjectId>>>,
 }
 
 impl SstableStore {
@@ -143,6 +142,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
         high_priority_ratio: usize,
         data_file_cache: FileCache<SstableBlockIndex, Box<Block>>,
         meta_file_cache: FileCache<HummockSstableObjectId, Box<Sstable>>,
+        recent_filter: Option<Arc<RecentFilter<HummockSstableObjectId>>>,
     ) -> Self {
         // TODO: We should validate path early. Otherwise object store won't report invalid path
         // error until first write attempt.
@@ -154,11 +154,6 @@ impl SstableStore {
             data_file_cache: data_file_cache.clone(),
         });
         let meta_cache_listener = Arc::new(MetaCacheEventListener(meta_file_cache.clone()));
-        let data_file_cache_refill_filter = if data_file_cache.is_filter_enabled() {
-            Some(Arc::new(RecentFilter::new(6, Duration::from_secs(10))))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
 
         Self {
             path,
@@ -179,7 +174,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             data_file_cache,
             meta_file_cache,
 
-            data_file_cache_refill_filter,
+            recent_filter,
         }
     }
 
@@ -200,7 +195,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             data_file_cache: FileCache::none(),
             meta_file_cache: FileCache::none(),
 
-            data_file_cache_refill_filter: None,
+            recent_filter: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,7 +205,9 @@ impl SstableStore {
             .delete(self.get_sst_data_path(object_id).as_str())
             .await?;
         self.meta_cache.erase(object_id, &object_id);
-        self.meta_file_cache.remove_without_wait(&object_id);
+        self.meta_file_cache
+            .remove(&object_id)
+            .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -230,7 +227,9 @@ impl SstableStore {
         // Delete from cache.
         for &object_id in object_id_list {
             self.meta_cache.erase(object_id, &object_id);
-            self.meta_file_cache.remove_without_wait(&object_id);
+            self.meta_file_cache
+                .remove(&object_id)
+                .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?;
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -238,7 +237,9 @@ impl SstableStore {
 
     pub fn delete_cache(&self, object_id: HummockSstableObjectId) {
         self.meta_cache.erase(object_id, &object_id);
-        self.meta_file_cache.remove_without_wait(&object_id);
+        if let Err(e) = self.meta_file_cache.remove(&object_id) {
+            tracing::warn!("meta file cache remove error: {}", e);
+        }
     }
 
     async fn put_sst_data(
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             policy
         };
 
-        if let Some(filter) = self.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref() {
+        if let Some(filter) = self.recent_filter.as_ref() {
             filter.insert(object_id);
         }
 
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
             )),
             CachePolicy::FillFileCache => {
                 let block = fetch_block().await?;
-                self.data_file_cache.insert_without_wait(
+                self.data_file_cache.insert_async(
                     SstableBlockIndex {
                         sst_id: object_id,
                         block_idx: block_index as u64,
@@ -380,13 +381,17 @@ impl SstableStore {
     #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
     pub fn clear_block_cache(&self) {
         self.block_cache.clear();
-        self.data_file_cache.clear_without_wait();
+        if let Err(e) = self.data_file_cache.clear() {
+            tracing::warn!("data file cache clear error: {}", e);
+        }
     }
 
     #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
     pub fn clear_meta_cache(&self) {
         self.meta_cache.clear();
-        self.meta_file_cache.clear_without_wait();
+        if let Err(e) = self.meta_file_cache.clear() {
+            tracing::warn!("meta file cache clear error: {}", e);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns `table_holder`
@@ -480,7 +485,7 @@ impl SstableStore {
         block_index: u64,
         block: Box<Block>,
     ) {
-        if let Some(filter) = self.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref() {
+        if let Some(filter) = self.recent_filter.as_ref() {
             filter.insert(object_id);
         }
         self.block_cache
@@ -515,54 +520,13 @@ impl SstableStore {
         ))
     }
 
-    pub fn data_file_cache_refill_filter(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Option<&Arc<RecentFilter<HummockSstableObjectId>>> {
-        self.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref()
+    pub fn data_recent_filter(&self) -> Option<&Arc<RecentFilter<HummockSstableObjectId>>> {
+        self.recent_filter.as_ref()
     }
 
     pub fn data_file_cache(&self) -> &FileCache<SstableBlockIndex, Box<Block>> {
         &self.data_file_cache
     }
-
-    pub async fn fill_data_file_cache(&self, sst: &Sstable) -> HummockResult<()> {
-        let object_id = sst.id;
-
-        if let Some(filter) = self.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref() {
-            filter.insert(object_id);
-        }
-
-        let data = self
-            .store
-            .read(&self.get_sst_data_path(object_id), ..)
-            .await?;
-
-        let mut tasks = vec![];
-        for block_index in 0..sst.block_count() {
-            let (range, uncompressed_capacity) = sst.calculate_block_info(block_index);
-            let bytes = data.slice(range);
-            let block = Block::decode(bytes, uncompressed_capacity)?;
-            let block = Box::new(block);
-
-            let key = SstableBlockIndex {
-                sst_id: object_id,
-                block_idx: block_index as u64,
-            };
-
-            let cache = self.data_file_cache.clone();
-            let task = async move {
-                cache
-                    .insert_force(key, block)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)
-            };
-            tasks.push(task);
-        }
-
-        try_join_all(tasks).await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
 pub type SstableStoreRef = Arc<SstableStore>;
@@ -742,7 +706,7 @@ impl SstableWriter for BatchUploadWriter {
                 .await?;
             self.sstable_store.insert_meta_cache(self.object_id, meta);
 
-            if let Some(filter) = self.sstable_store.data_file_cache_refill_filter.as_ref() {
+            if let Some(filter) = self.sstable_store.recent_filter.as_ref() {
                 filter.insert(self.object_id);
             }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
index 8ccf1af632066..5e51fa1170b12 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/hummock_storage.rs
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@ impl HummockStorage {
                     .copied()
                     .collect(),
                 concurrency: options.cache_refill_concurrency,
+                unit: options.cache_refill_unit,
+                threshold: options.cache_refill_threshold,
             },
         );
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/opts.rs b/src/storage/src/opts.rs
index a26bd6b96467a..a3243cbc8c465 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/opts.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/opts.rs
@@ -75,13 +75,19 @@ pub struct StorageOpts {
     pub data_file_cache_recover_concurrency: usize,
     pub data_file_cache_lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: usize,
     pub data_file_cache_lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: f64,
-    pub data_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb: usize,
+    pub data_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb: usize,
     pub data_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb: usize,
     pub data_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb: usize,
+    pub data_file_cache_allocation_bits: usize,
+    pub data_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms: usize,
 
     pub cache_refill_data_refill_levels: Vec<u32>,
     pub cache_refill_timeout_ms: u64,
     pub cache_refill_concurrency: usize,
+    pub cache_refill_recent_filter_layers: usize,
+    pub cache_refill_recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms: usize,
+    pub cache_refill_unit: usize,
+    pub cache_refill_threshold: f64,
 
     pub meta_file_cache_dir: String,
     pub meta_file_cache_capacity_mb: usize,
@@ -94,9 +100,11 @@ pub struct StorageOpts {
     pub meta_file_cache_recover_concurrency: usize,
     pub meta_file_cache_lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: usize,
     pub meta_file_cache_lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: f64,
-    pub meta_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb: usize,
+    pub meta_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb: usize,
     pub meta_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb: usize,
     pub meta_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb: usize,
+    pub meta_file_cache_allocation_bits: usize,
+    pub meta_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms: usize,
 
     /// The storage url for storing backups.
     pub backup_storage_url: String,
@@ -173,9 +181,11 @@ impl From<(&RwConfig, &SystemParamsReader, &StorageMemoryConfig)> for StorageOpt
                 .storage
                 .data_file_cache
                 .lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
-            data_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb: c.storage.data_file_cache.rated_random_rate_mb,
+            data_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.data_file_cache.insert_rate_limit_mb,
             data_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.data_file_cache.flush_rate_limit_mb,
             data_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.data_file_cache.reclaim_rate_limit_mb,
+            data_file_cache_allocation_bits: c.storage.data_file_cache.allocation_bits,
+            data_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms: c.storage.data_file_cache.allocation_timeout_ms,
             meta_file_cache_dir: c.storage.meta_file_cache.dir.clone(),
             meta_file_cache_capacity_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.capacity_mb,
             meta_file_cache_file_capacity_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.file_capacity_mb,
@@ -193,12 +203,21 @@ impl From<(&RwConfig, &SystemParamsReader, &StorageMemoryConfig)> for StorageOpt
                 .storage
                 .meta_file_cache
                 .lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
-            meta_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.rated_random_rate_mb,
+            meta_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.insert_rate_limit_mb,
             meta_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.flush_rate_limit_mb,
             meta_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb: c.storage.meta_file_cache.reclaim_rate_limit_mb,
+            meta_file_cache_allocation_bits: c.storage.meta_file_cache.allocation_bits,
+            meta_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms: c.storage.meta_file_cache.allocation_timeout_ms,
             cache_refill_data_refill_levels: c.storage.cache_refill.data_refill_levels.clone(),
             cache_refill_timeout_ms: c.storage.cache_refill.timeout_ms,
             cache_refill_concurrency: c.storage.cache_refill.concurrency,
+            cache_refill_recent_filter_layers: c.storage.cache_refill.recent_filter_layers,
+            cache_refill_recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms: c
+                .storage
+                .cache_refill
+                .recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms,
+            cache_refill_unit: c.storage.cache_refill.unit,
+            cache_refill_threshold: c.storage.cache_refill.threshold,
             max_preload_wait_time_mill: c.storage.max_preload_wait_time_mill,
             object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: c
                 .storage
diff --git a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
index b2fc43dc40b06..8460b75ebc0dc 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/store_impl.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
@@ -23,10 +24,11 @@ use risingwave_object_store::object::parse_remote_object_store;
 
 use crate::error::StorageResult;
 use crate::filter_key_extractor::{RemoteTableAccessor, RpcFilterKeyExtractorManager};
+use crate::hummock::file_cache::preclude::*;
 use crate::hummock::hummock_meta_client::MonitoredHummockMetaClient;
 use crate::hummock::{
-    set_foyer_metrics_registry, FileCache, FoyerRuntimeConfig, FoyerStoreConfig, HummockError,
-    HummockStorage, SstableStore,
+    set_foyer_metrics_registry, FileCache, FileCacheConfig, HummockError, HummockStorage,
+    RecentFilter, SstableStore,
 };
 use crate::memory::sled::SledStateStore;
 use crate::memory::MemoryStateStore;
@@ -525,12 +527,12 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
     ) -> StorageResult<Self> {
         set_foyer_metrics_registry(GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY.clone());
 
-        let data_file_cache = if opts.data_file_cache_dir.is_empty() {
-            FileCache::none()
+        let (data_file_cache, recent_filter) = if opts.data_file_cache_dir.is_empty() {
+            (FileCache::none(), None)
         } else {
             const MB: usize = 1024 * 1024;
 
-            let foyer_store_config = FoyerStoreConfig {
+            let config = FileCacheConfig {
                 name: "data".to_string(),
                 dir: PathBuf::from(opts.data_file_cache_dir.clone()),
                 capacity: opts.data_file_cache_capacity_mb * MB,
@@ -540,22 +542,27 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
                 device_io_size: opts.data_file_cache_device_io_size,
                 lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: opts.data_file_cache_lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio,
                 lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: opts.data_file_cache_lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
-                rated_random_rate: opts.data_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb * MB,
+                insert_rate_limit: opts.data_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 flushers: opts.data_file_cache_flushers,
                 reclaimers: opts.data_file_cache_reclaimers,
                 flush_rate_limit: opts.data_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 reclaim_rate_limit: opts.data_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 recover_concurrency: opts.data_file_cache_recover_concurrency,
-                event_listener: vec![],
-                enable_filter: !opts.cache_refill_data_refill_levels.is_empty(),
-            };
-            let config = FoyerRuntimeConfig {
-                foyer_store_config,
-                runtime_worker_threads: None,
+                allocator_bits: opts.data_file_cache_allocation_bits,
+                allocation_timeout: Duration::from_millis(
+                    opts.data_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms as u64,
+                ),
+                admissions: vec![],
+                reinsertions: vec![],
             };
-            FileCache::foyer(config)
+            let cache = FileCache::open(config)
                 .await
-                .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?
+                .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?;
+            let filter = Some(Arc::new(RecentFilter::new(
+                opts.cache_refill_recent_filter_layers,
+                Duration::from_millis(opts.cache_refill_recent_filter_rotate_interval_ms as u64),
+            )));
+            (cache, filter)
         };
 
         let meta_file_cache = if opts.meta_file_cache_dir.is_empty() {
@@ -563,7 +570,7 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
         } else {
             const MB: usize = 1024 * 1024;
 
-            let foyer_store_config = FoyerStoreConfig {
+            let config = FileCacheConfig {
                 name: "meta".to_string(),
                 dir: PathBuf::from(opts.meta_file_cache_dir.clone()),
                 capacity: opts.meta_file_cache_capacity_mb * MB,
@@ -573,20 +580,20 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
                 device_io_size: opts.meta_file_cache_device_io_size,
                 lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio: opts.meta_file_cache_lfu_window_to_cache_size_ratio,
                 lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio: opts.meta_file_cache_lfu_tiny_lru_capacity_ratio,
-                rated_random_rate: opts.meta_file_cache_rated_random_rate_mb * MB,
+                insert_rate_limit: opts.meta_file_cache_insert_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 flushers: opts.meta_file_cache_flushers,
                 reclaimers: opts.meta_file_cache_reclaimers,
                 flush_rate_limit: opts.meta_file_cache_flush_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 reclaim_rate_limit: opts.meta_file_cache_reclaim_rate_limit_mb * MB,
                 recover_concurrency: opts.meta_file_cache_recover_concurrency,
-                event_listener: vec![],
-                enable_filter: false,
-            };
-            let config = FoyerRuntimeConfig {
-                foyer_store_config,
-                runtime_worker_threads: None,
+                allocator_bits: opts.meta_file_cache_allocation_bits,
+                allocation_timeout: Duration::from_millis(
+                    opts.meta_file_cache_allocation_timeout_ms as u64,
+                ),
+                admissions: vec![],
+                reinsertions: vec![],
             };
-            FileCache::foyer(config)
+            FileCache::open(config)
                 .await
                 .map_err(HummockError::file_cache)?
         };
@@ -614,6 +621,7 @@ impl StateStoreImpl {
                     opts.high_priority_ratio,
                     data_file_cache,
                     meta_file_cache,
+                    recent_filter,
                 ));
                 let notification_client =
                     RpcNotificationClient::new(hummock_meta_client.get_inner().clone());
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
index 5963d7b33cdea..346cf2fe6acf8 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/delete_range_runner.rs
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ async fn compaction_test(
         0,
         FileCache::none(),
         FileCache::none(),
+        None,
     ));
 
     let store = HummockStorage::new(

From ac4ae56441ac6448edfd19d548606a7b6b5fb678 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 16:58:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 323/430] refactor(memory): use 0.7 * system memory as default
 `total_memory_bytes` (#12832)

---
 src/common/src/config.rs             |  2 +-
 src/common/src/telemetry/mod.rs      |  4 +-
 src/common/src/util/resource_util.rs | 64 ++++++++++++++--------------
 src/compute/src/lib.rs               | 14 +++---
 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs      |  5 ++-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                  |  2 +-
 src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs  |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/config.rs b/src/common/src/config.rs
index 346dc4d357c1d..9e515ba471967 100644
--- a/src/common/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/config.rs
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ pub struct StorageConfig {
     pub compactor_max_task_multiplier: f32,
 
     /// The percentage of memory available when compactor is deployed separately.
-    /// total_memory_available_bytes = total_memory_available_bytes *
+    /// total_memory_available_bytes = system_memory_available_bytes *
     /// compactor_memory_available_proportion
     #[serde(default = "default::storage::compactor_memory_available_proportion")]
     pub compactor_memory_available_proportion: f64,
diff --git a/src/common/src/telemetry/mod.rs b/src/common/src/telemetry/mod.rs
index 3c25811ca5e3a..65e314d232aeb 100644
--- a/src/common/src/telemetry/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/telemetry/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use sysinfo::{System, SystemExt};
 
 use crate::util::env_var::env_var_is_true_or;
 use crate::util::resource_util::cpu::total_cpu_available;
-use crate::util::resource_util::memory::{total_memory_available_bytes, total_memory_used_bytes};
+use crate::util::resource_util::memory::{system_memory_available_bytes, total_memory_used_bytes};
 
 /// Url of telemetry backend
 pub const TELEMETRY_REPORT_URL: &str = "https://telemetry.risingwave.dev/api/v1/report";
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl SystemData {
         let mut sys = System::new();
 
         let memory = {
-            let available = total_memory_available_bytes();
+            let available = system_memory_available_bytes();
             let used = total_memory_used_bytes();
             Memory {
                 available,
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/resource_util.rs b/src/common/src/util/resource_util.rs
index 52fb9876c0ee5..289ac1c704acb 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/resource_util.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/resource_util.rs
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ pub enum CgroupVersion {
     V2,
 }
 
-// Current controllers available in implementation.
+/// Current controllers available in implementation.
 pub enum Controller {
     Cpu,
     Memory,
 }
 
-// Default constant Cgroup paths and hierarchy.
+/// Default constant Cgroup paths and hierarchy.
 const DEFAULT_CGROUP_ROOT_HIERARCYHY: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup";
 const DEFAULT_CGROUP_V2_CONTROLLER_LIST_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers";
 const DEFAULT_CGROUP_MAX_INDICATOR: &str = "max";
@@ -44,33 +44,33 @@ mod runtime {
         env::consts::OS.eq(DEFAULT_LINUX_IDENTIFIER)
     }
 
-    // checks if is running in a docker container by checking for docker env file, or if it is
-    // running in a kubernetes pod.
+    /// checks if is running in a docker container by checking for docker env file, or if it is
+    /// running in a kubernetes pod.
     fn is_running_in_container() -> bool {
         return env_var_check_if_running_in_container()
             || docker_env_exists()
             || is_running_in_kubernetes_pod();
 
-        // checks for existence of docker env file
+        /// checks for existence of docker env file
         fn docker_env_exists() -> bool {
             Path::new(DEFAULT_DOCKER_ENV_PATH).exists()
         }
 
-        // checks for environment
+        /// checks for environment
         fn env_var_check_if_running_in_container() -> bool {
             env::var(DEFAULT_IN_CONTAINER_ENV_VARIABLE).is_ok()
         }
 
-        // checks if it is running in a kubernetes pod
+        /// checks if it is running in a kubernetes pod
         fn is_running_in_kubernetes_pod() -> bool {
             Path::new(DEFAULT_KUBERNETES_SECRETS_PATH).exists()
         }
     }
 
-    // Given a certain controller, checks if it is enabled.
-    // For cgroup_v1, existence of directory with controller name is checked in cgroup default root
-    // hierarchy. e.g if directory "/sys/fs/cgroup"/cpu" exists then CPU controller is enabled.
-    // For cgroup_v2, check the controller list path for the controller name.
+    /// Given a certain controller, checks if it is enabled.
+    /// For cgroup v1, existence of directory with controller name is checked in cgroup default root
+    /// hierarchy. e.g if directory "/sys/fs/cgroup"/cpu" exists then CPU controller is enabled.
+    /// For cgroup v2, check the controller list path for the controller name.
     pub fn is_controller_activated(
         controller_type: super::Controller,
         cgroup_version: CgroupVersion,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ mod runtime {
         }
     }
 
-    // If cgroup exists or is enabled in kernel, returnb true, else false.
+    /// If cgroup exists or is enabled in kernel, returnb true, else false.
     fn cgroup_exists() -> bool {
         Path::new(super::DEFAULT_CGROUP_ROOT_HIERARCYHY).is_dir()
     }
@@ -134,20 +134,20 @@ pub mod memory {
 
     use super::runtime::get_resource;
 
-    // Default paths for memory limtiations and usage for cgroup_v1 and cgroup_v2.
+    /// Default paths for memory limtiations and usage for cgroup v1 and cgroup v2.
     const V1_MEMORY_LIMIT_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.limit_in_bytes";
     const V1_MEMORY_CURRENT_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.usage_in_bytes";
     const V2_MEMORY_LIMIT_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory.max";
     const V2_MEMORY_CURRENT_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory.current";
 
-    // Returns the system memory.
+    /// Returns the system memory.
     pub fn get_system_memory() -> usize {
         let mut sys = System::new();
         sys.refresh_memory();
         sys.total_memory() as usize
     }
 
-    // Returns the used memory of the system.
+    /// Returns the used memory of the system.
     pub fn get_system_memory_used() -> usize {
         let mut sys = System::new();
         sys.refresh_memory();
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ pub mod memory {
     ///
     /// Basic usage:
     /// ``` ignore
-    /// let mem_available = memory::total_memory_available_bytes();
+    /// let mem_available = memory::system_memory_available_bytes();
     /// ```
-    pub fn total_memory_available_bytes() -> usize {
+    pub fn system_memory_available_bytes() -> usize {
         get_resource(
             "memory available",
             super::Controller::Memory,
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ pub mod memory {
         )
     }
 
-    // Returns the memory limit of a container if running in a container else returns the system
-    // memory available.
-    // When the limit is set to max, total_memory_available_bytes() will return default system
-    // memory.
+    /// Returns the memory limit of a container if running in a container else returns the system
+    /// memory available.
+    /// When the limit is set to max, [`system_memory_available_bytes()`] will return default system
+    /// memory.
     fn get_container_memory_limit(
         cgroup_version: super::CgroupVersion,
     ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ pub mod memory {
         Ok(std::cmp::min(value, system))
     }
 
-    // Returns the memory used in a container if running in a container else returns the system
-    // memory used.
+    /// Returns the memory used in a container if running in a container else returns the system
+    /// memory used.
     fn get_container_memory_used(
         cgroup_version: super::CgroupVersion,
     ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
     use super::runtime::get_resource;
     use super::util::parse_error;
 
-    // Default constant Cgroup paths and hierarchy.
+    /// Default constant Cgroup paths and hierarchy.
     const V1_CPU_QUOTA_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.cfs_quota_us";
     const V1_CPU_PERIOD_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.cfs_period_us";
     const V2_CPU_LIMIT_PATH: &str = "/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu.max";
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
         )
     }
 
-    // Returns the CPU limit of the container.
+    /// Returns the CPU limit of the container.
     fn get_container_cpu_limit(
         cgroup_version: super::CgroupVersion,
     ) -> Result<f32, std::io::Error> {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
         }
     }
 
-    // Returns the total system cpu.
+    /// Returns the total system cpu.
     pub fn get_system_cpu() -> f32 {
         match thread::available_parallelism() {
             Ok(available_parallelism) => available_parallelism.get() as f32,
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
         }
     }
 
-    // Returns the CPU limit when cgroup_V1 is utilised.
+    /// Returns the CPU limit when cgroup v1 is utilised.
     pub fn get_cpu_limit_v1(
         quota_path: &str,
         period_path: &str,
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
         Ok((cpu_quota as f32) / (cpu_period as f32))
     }
 
-    // Returns the CPU limit when cgroup_V2 is utilised.
+    /// Returns the CPU limit when cgroup v2 is utilised.
     pub fn get_cpu_limit_v2(limit_path: &str, max_value: f32) -> Result<f32, std::io::Error> {
         let cpu_limit_string = fs_err::read_to_string(limit_path)?;
 
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ pub mod cpu {
 }
 
 mod util {
-    // Parses the filepath and checks for the existence of controller_name in the file.
+    /// Parses the filepath and checks for the existence of `controller_name` in the file.
     pub fn parse_controller_enable_file_for_cgroup_v2(
         file_path: &str,
         controller_name: &str,
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ mod util {
         )
     }
 
-    // Reads an integer value from a file path.
+    /// Reads an integer value from a file path.
     pub fn read_usize(file_path: &str) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
         let content = fs_err::read_to_string(file_path)?;
         let limit_val = content
@@ -372,8 +372,8 @@ mod util {
         Ok(limit_val)
     }
 
-    // Helper function that helps to retrieve value in file, if value is "max", max_value will be
-    // returned instead.
+    /// Helper function that helps to retrieve value in file, if value is "max", `max_value` will be
+    /// returned instead.
     pub fn read_usize_or_max(file_path: &str, max_value: usize) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
         let content = fs_err::read_to_string(file_path)?;
         if content.trim() == super::DEFAULT_CGROUP_MAX_INDICATOR {
diff --git a/src/compute/src/lib.rs b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
index 04a1b3ba37045..bdd84ae402746 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
@@ -38,9 +38,13 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 use risingwave_common::config::{AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, OverrideConfig};
 use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::cpu::total_cpu_available;
-use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes;
+use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+/// If `total_memory_bytes` is not specified, the default memory limit will be set to
+/// the system memory limit multiplied by this proportion
+const DEFAULT_MEMORY_PROPORTION: f64 = 0.7;
+
 /// Command-line arguments for compute-node.
 #[derive(Parser, Clone, Debug, OverrideConfig)]
 #[command(
@@ -168,9 +172,9 @@ impl Role {
 }
 
 fn validate_opts(opts: &ComputeNodeOpts) {
-    let total_memory_available_bytes = total_memory_available_bytes();
-    if opts.total_memory_bytes > total_memory_available_bytes {
-        let error_msg = format!("total_memory_bytes {} is larger than the total memory available bytes {} that can be acquired.", opts.total_memory_bytes, total_memory_available_bytes);
+    let system_memory_available_bytes = system_memory_available_bytes();
+    if opts.total_memory_bytes > system_memory_available_bytes {
+        let error_msg = format!("total_memory_bytes {} is larger than the total memory available bytes {} that can be acquired.", opts.total_memory_bytes, system_memory_available_bytes);
         tracing::error!(error_msg);
         panic!("{}", error_msg);
     }
@@ -224,7 +228,7 @@ pub fn start(opts: ComputeNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>
 }
 
 fn default_total_memory_bytes() -> usize {
-    total_memory_available_bytes()
+    (system_memory_available_bytes() as f64 * DEFAULT_MEMORY_PROPORTION) as usize
 }
 
 fn default_parallelism() -> usize {
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
index 62630528961dc..5d93a122ab4a1 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use jni::strings::JNIString;
 use jni::{InitArgsBuilder, JNIVersion, JavaVM, NativeMethod};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
-use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes;
+use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes;
 
 pub static JVM: LazyLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     let libs_path = if let Ok(libs_path) = std::env::var("CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH") {
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ pub static JVM: LazyLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
         heap_size
     } else {
         // Use 10% of total memory by default
-        format!("{}", total_memory_available_bytes() / 10)
+        // TODO: should use compute-node's total_memory_bytes
+        format!("{}", system_memory_available_bytes() / 10)
     };
 
     // Build the VM properties
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index 3fc8d2eec303a..5fa90a77d48cb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
 
         validate_config(&config);
 
-        let total_memory_bytes = resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes();
+        let total_memory_bytes = resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes();
         let heap_profiler =
             HeapProfiler::new(total_memory_bytes, config.server.heap_profiling.clone());
         // Run a background heap profiler
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
index 50bfa6cdb0634..627cd3491d78f 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub async fn prepare_start_parameters(
         &storage_memory_config,
     )));
     let total_memory_available_bytes =
-        (resource_util::memory::total_memory_available_bytes() as f64
+        (resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes() as f64
             * config.storage.compactor_memory_available_proportion) as usize;
     let meta_cache_capacity_bytes = storage_opts.meta_cache_capacity_mb * (1 << 20);
     let compactor_memory_limit_bytes = match config.storage.compactor_memory_limit_mb {

From 369c1f30a39a57eac5ec43b1fa628b188e99e846 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 17:30:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 324/430] doc(cmd_all): add docs on standalone mode (#12828)

---
 docs/developer-guide.md   |  5 +++++
 src/cmd_all/src/README.md | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/developer-guide.md b/docs/developer-guide.md
index 7778f2b587029..4ecc756131dff 100644
--- a/docs/developer-guide.md
+++ b/docs/developer-guide.md
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ http://ecotrust-canada.github.io/markdown-toc/
   * [Start the playground with RiseDev](#start-the-playground-with-risedev)
   * [Start the playground with cargo](#start-the-playground-with-cargo)
 - [Debug playground using vscode](#debug-playground-using-vscode)
+- [Use standalone-mode](#use-standalone-mode)
 - [Develop the dashboard](#develop-the-dashboard)
 - [Observability components](#observability-components)
   * [Cluster Control](#cluster-control)
@@ -206,6 +207,10 @@ psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root
 
 To step through risingwave locally with a debugger you can use the `launch.json` and the `tasks.json` provided in `vscode_suggestions`. After adding these files to your local `.vscode` folder you can debug and set breakpoints by launching `Launch 'risingwave p' debug`.
 
+## Use standalone-mode
+
+Please refer to [README](../src/cmd_all/src/README.md) for more details.
+
 ## Develop the dashboard
 
 Currently, RisingWave has two versions of dashboards. You can use RiseDev config to select which version to use.
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/README.md b/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
index 5748d62e6780c..fbbae4439f97f 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
@@ -8,9 +8,23 @@ This mode is just for local development. It starts with an in-memory etcd store
 
 This mode is for production. It provides cli parameters to configure etcd and object store.
 It will spawn `meta`, `frontend` and `compute` node within a single process.
-It will take cli parameters to configure etcd and object store, connector node, and the compactor node.
 
-## Development Notes
+You can omit options, and the corresponding node will not be started in the standalone process:
 
-The `cmd_all` module directly calls the entry points functions of `meta`, `frontend` and `compute` modules.
-It does so within a single process.
\ No newline at end of file
+```bash
+standalone \
+  --meta-opts="..." \
+  --frontend-opts="..."
+  # --compute-opts="..." not provided, so it won't be started.
+```
+
+### Examples of using standalone mode
+
+You may run and reference the [demo script](../scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.sh), as an example.
+
+### Internals
+
+Standalone mode simply passes the options to the corresponding node, and starts them in the same process.
+
+For example `--meta-opts` is parsed, and then Meta Node's entrypoint, `risingwave_meta::start`, is called with the parsed options.
+If any option is missing, the corresponding node will not be started.
\ No newline at end of file

From c9840edd3ef3da07ce97d69ec558dd8fb7bf7bb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 17:31:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 325/430] fix(compaction): fix can not pick task when there are
 many files overlap (#12790)

Signed-off-by: Little-Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
---
 .../picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs         | 49 ---------------
 .../picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs   | 16 +++--
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs | 60 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs | 43 ++++++-------
 4 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
index c744c79c89995..980c3030a98fb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/intra_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -623,53 +623,4 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(is_l0_trivial_move(&ret));
         assert_eq!(ret.input_levels[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_issue_11154() {
-        let mut local_stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
-        let mut l0 = generate_l0_overlapping_sublevels(vec![
-            vec![
-                generate_table(4, 1, 1, 200, 1),
-                generate_table(5, 1, 400, 600, 1),
-            ],
-            vec![
-                generate_table(6, 1, 1, 200, 1),
-                generate_table(7, 1, 400, 600, 1),
-            ],
-            vec![
-                generate_table(8, 1, 1, 200, 1),
-                generate_table(9, 1, 400, 600, 1),
-            ],
-            vec![generate_table(10, 1, 1, 600, 1)],
-        ]);
-        // We can set level_type only because the input above is valid.
-        for s in &mut l0.sub_levels {
-            s.level_type = LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32;
-        }
-        let levels = Levels {
-            l0: Some(l0),
-            levels: vec![generate_level(1, vec![generate_table(3, 1, 0, 100000, 1)])],
-            member_table_ids: vec![1],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let levels_handler = vec![LevelHandler::new(0), LevelHandler::new(1)];
-
-        // Pick with large max_compaction_bytes results all sub levels included in input.
-        let config = Arc::new(
-            CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
-                .max_compaction_bytes(800)
-                .sub_level_max_compaction_bytes(50000)
-                .max_bytes_for_level_base(500000)
-                .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count(1)
-                .build(),
-        );
-        // Only include sub-level 0 results will violate MAX_WRITE_AMPLIFICATION.
-        // So all sub-levels are included to make write amplification < MAX_WRITE_AMPLIFICATION.
-        let mut picker = IntraCompactionPicker::new(config);
-        let ret = picker
-            .pick_compaction(&levels, &levels_handler, &mut local_stats)
-            .unwrap();
-        // avoid add sst_10 and cause a big task
-        assert_eq!(3, ret.input_levels.len());
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
index c705bd3b43aae..c17fa305be0e4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/min_overlap_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -209,6 +209,13 @@ impl NonOverlapSubLevelPicker {
                 break;
             }
 
+            // more than 1 sub_level
+            if ret.total_file_count > 1 && ret.total_file_size >= self.max_compaction_bytes
+                || ret.total_file_count >= self.max_file_count as usize
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
             let mut overlap_files_range =
                 overlap_info.check_multiple_include(&target_level.table_infos);
             if overlap_files_range.is_empty() {
@@ -288,15 +295,6 @@ impl NonOverlapSubLevelPicker {
                     .map(|(_, files)| files.len())
                     .sum::<usize>();
 
-            // more than 1 sub_level
-            if ret.total_file_count > 1
-                && (ret.total_file_size + (add_files_size + current_level_size)
-                    >= self.max_compaction_bytes
-                    || ret.total_file_count + add_files_count >= self.max_file_count as usize)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-
             if ret
                 .sstable_infos
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
index 5f28a076888ef..3c1332d09317c 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compaction_utils.rs
@@ -158,6 +158,63 @@ pub fn build_multi_compaction_filter(compact_task: &CompactTask) -> MultiCompact
     multi_filter
 }
 
+const MAX_FILE_COUNT: usize = 32;
+
+fn generate_splits_fast(
+    sstable_infos: &Vec<SstableInfo>,
+    compaction_size: u64,
+    context: CompactorContext,
+) -> HummockResult<Vec<KeyRange_vec>> {
+    let worker_num = context.compaction_executor.worker_num();
+    let parallel_compact_size = (context.storage_opts.parallel_compact_size_mb as u64) << 20;
+
+    let parallelism = (compaction_size + parallel_compact_size - 1) / parallel_compact_size;
+
+    let parallelism = std::cmp::min(
+        worker_num,
+        std::cmp::min(
+            parallelism as usize,
+            context.storage_opts.max_sub_compaction as usize,
+        ),
+    );
+    let mut indexes = vec![];
+    for sst in sstable_infos {
+        let key_range = sst.key_range.as_ref().unwrap();
+        indexes.push(
+            FullKey {
+                user_key: FullKey::decode(&key_range.left).user_key,
+                epoch: HummockEpoch::MAX,
+            }
+            .encode(),
+        );
+        indexes.push(
+            FullKey {
+                user_key: FullKey::decode(&key_range.right).user_key,
+                epoch: HummockEpoch::MAX,
+            }
+            .encode(),
+        );
+    }
+    indexes.sort_by(|a, b| KeyComparator::compare_encoded_full_key(a.as_ref(), b.as_ref()));
+    indexes.dedup();
+    if indexes.len() <= parallelism {
+        return Ok(vec![]);
+    }
+    let mut splits = vec![];
+    splits.push(KeyRange_vec::new(vec![], vec![]));
+    let parallel_key_count = indexes.len() / parallelism;
+    let mut last_split_key_count = 0;
+    for key in indexes {
+        if last_split_key_count >= parallel_key_count {
+            splits.last_mut().unwrap().right = key.clone();
+            splits.push(KeyRange_vec::new(key.clone(), vec![]));
+            last_split_key_count = 0;
+        }
+        last_split_key_count += 1;
+    }
+    Ok(splits)
+}
+
 pub async fn generate_splits(
     sstable_infos: &Vec<SstableInfo>,
     compaction_size: u64,
@@ -165,6 +222,9 @@ pub async fn generate_splits(
 ) -> HummockResult<Vec<KeyRange_vec>> {
     let parallel_compact_size = (context.storage_opts.parallel_compact_size_mb as u64) << 20;
     if compaction_size > parallel_compact_size {
+        if sstable_infos.len() > MAX_FILE_COUNT {
+            return generate_splits_fast(sstable_infos, compaction_size, context);
+        }
         let mut indexes = vec![];
         // preload the meta and get the smallest key to split sub_compaction
         for sstable_info in sstable_infos {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index 3d079ce4a188e..583bab3d10b3c 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -152,17 +152,20 @@ impl CompactorRunner {
         let mut local_stats = StoreLocalStatistic::default();
 
         for table_info in sstable_infos {
-            let table = sstable_store.sstable(table_info, &mut local_stats).await?;
-            let mut range_tombstone_list = table.value().meta.monotonic_tombstone_events.clone();
-            range_tombstone_list.iter_mut().for_each(|tombstone| {
-                if filter.should_delete(FullKey::from_user_key(
-                    tombstone.event_key.left_user_key.as_ref(),
-                    tombstone.new_epoch,
-                )) {
-                    tombstone.new_epoch = HummockEpoch::MAX;
-                }
-            });
-            builder.add_delete_events(range_tombstone_list);
+            if table_info.range_tombstone_count > 0 {
+                let table = sstable_store.sstable(table_info, &mut local_stats).await?;
+                let mut range_tombstone_list =
+                    table.value().meta.monotonic_tombstone_events.clone();
+                range_tombstone_list.iter_mut().for_each(|tombstone| {
+                    if filter.should_delete(FullKey::from_user_key(
+                        tombstone.event_key.left_user_key.as_ref(),
+                        tombstone.new_epoch,
+                    )) {
+                        tombstone.new_epoch = HummockEpoch::MAX;
+                    }
+                });
+                builder.add_delete_events(range_tombstone_list);
+            }
         }
 
         let aggregator = builder.build_for_compaction();
@@ -891,10 +894,8 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::hummock::compactor::StateCleanUpCompactionFilter;
     use crate::hummock::iterator::test_utils::mock_sstable_store;
-    use crate::hummock::test_utils::{
-        default_builder_opt_for_test, gen_test_sstable_with_range_tombstone,
-    };
-    use crate::hummock::{create_monotonic_events, DeleteRangeTombstone};
+    use crate::hummock::test_utils::{default_builder_opt_for_test, gen_test_sstable_impl};
+    use crate::hummock::{create_monotonic_events, DeleteRangeTombstone, Xor16FilterBuilder};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_delete_range_aggregator_with_filter() {
@@ -914,26 +915,26 @@ mod tests {
                 1,
             ),
         ];
-        let mut sstable_info_1 = gen_test_sstable_with_range_tombstone(
+        let mut sstable_info_1 = gen_test_sstable_impl::<Bytes, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
             default_builder_opt_for_test(),
             1,
             kv_pairs.clone().into_iter(),
             range_tombstones.clone(),
             sstable_store.clone(),
+            CachePolicy::NotFill,
         )
-        .await
-        .get_sstable_info();
+        .await;
         sstable_info_1.table_ids = vec![1];
 
-        let mut sstable_info_2 = gen_test_sstable_with_range_tombstone(
+        let mut sstable_info_2 = gen_test_sstable_impl::<Bytes, Xor16FilterBuilder>(
             default_builder_opt_for_test(),
             2,
             kv_pairs.into_iter(),
             range_tombstones.clone(),
             sstable_store.clone(),
+            CachePolicy::NotFill,
         )
-        .await
-        .get_sstable_info();
+        .await;
         sstable_info_2.table_ids = vec![2];
 
         let compact_task = CompactTask {

From 103826b8dcbe9528d826a77504bf4cf5851d44d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 19:38:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 326/430] chore(deps): Bump zstd from 0.12.4 to 0.13.0 (#12794)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock             | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++----
 src/storage/Cargo.toml |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e3b68e7f34607..a052c981682c2 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "uuid",
  "xz2",
  "zerocopy",
- "zstd",
+ "zstd 0.12.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5646,7 +5646,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thrift",
  "tokio",
  "twox-hash",
- "zstd",
+ "zstd 0.12.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8036,7 +8036,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "workspace-hack",
  "xorf",
  "xxhash-rust",
- "zstd",
+ "zstd 0.13.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11104,7 +11104,16 @@ version = "0.12.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1a27595e173641171fc74a1232b7b1c7a7cb6e18222c11e9dfb9888fa424c53c"
 dependencies = [
- "zstd-safe",
+ "zstd-safe 6.0.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bffb3309596d527cfcba7dfc6ed6052f1d39dfbd7c867aa2e865e4a449c10110"
+dependencies = [
+ "zstd-safe 7.0.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11117,6 +11126,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd-safe"
+version = "7.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43747c7422e2924c11144d5229878b98180ef8b06cca4ab5af37afc8a8d8ea3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "zstd-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-sys"
 version = "2.0.8+zstd.1.5.5"
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 49c1977c0f034..9e0fac5826d6a 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-futures = { version = "0.2", features = ["futures-03"] }
 xorf = "0.8.1"
 xxhash-rust = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["xxh32", "xxh64"] }
-zstd = { version = "0.12", default-features = false }
+zstd = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
 procfs = { version = "0.15", default-features = false }

From 387d251b722a65dd7147b04aff611a2381c44bf4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 11:22:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 327/430] feat(optimizer): optimize join stream key (#12831)

Co-authored-by: Eric Fu <eric@singularity-data.com>
---
 .../tests/testdata/output/bushy_join.yaml     |   2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml   | 410 +++++++++---------
 .../tests/testdata/output/delta_join.yaml     |   4 +-
 .../testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml  |  67 ++-
 .../testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml     |   8 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        |  84 ++--
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml |  30 +-
 .../output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml       |  41 +-
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    |  24 +-
 .../testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml |   2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml      |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/share.yaml          |   2 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml       |   8 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml  |  22 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml           | 288 ++++++------
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml   |  18 +-
 .../testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml      |  30 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs   | 106 +++--
 18 files changed, 631 insertions(+), 519 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/bushy_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/bushy_join.yaml
index 50d0617e68f0d..d2b81cf331334 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/bushy_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/bushy_join.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id, output: [t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t.id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t.id] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id, output: [t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t.id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.id] }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
               │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id AND t.id = t.id, output: [t.id, t.id, t.id, t.id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
               │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
index 4fea4316481e4..6f4f8a673c996 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
@@ -133,17 +133,17 @@
                               └─BatchProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1] }
                                 └─BatchScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), stock.s_i_id#1(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
       │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
       │     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
       │     │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] }
       │     │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
-      │     │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
+      │     │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
       │     │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │     │       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+      │     │       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
       │     │       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
       │     │       │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
       │     │       │   │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
       │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
       │         └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
           ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
           │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
           │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
@@ -179,14 +179,14 @@
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), stock.s_i_id#1(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 1
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
         │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
@@ -196,12 +196,12 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
     └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 8
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
     └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 5
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 11
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 32, right table: 34, left degree table: 33, right degree table: 35 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 32, right table: 34, left degree table: 33, right degree table: 35 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 12
     └── StreamExchange Hash([6]) from 13
 
@@ -273,13 +273,13 @@
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ item_i_id, item_i_name, $expr2, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id_0, min(stock_s_quantity) ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ item_i_id, item_i_name, $expr2, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, min(stock_s_quantity) ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr2, stock_s_i_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id_0, min(stock_s_quantity), _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ $expr2, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, min(stock_s_quantity), _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, nation_n_name, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, nation_n_name, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, min(stock_s_quantity) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -289,13 +289,13 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ item_i_id, stock_s_quantity, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_quantity, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_quantity, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, min(stock_s_quantity), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_quantity, $expr1, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -305,9 +305,9 @@
 
     Table 15 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 17 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 17 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
@@ -341,9 +341,9 @@
 
     Table 33 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 34 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, nation_n_name, nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $6 ASC, $0 ASC, $8 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 34 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, nation_n_name, nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $6 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 35 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 35 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 36 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
 
     Table 42 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id#1, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $0 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 12 ], read pk prefix len hint: 12 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $11 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 11 ], read pk prefix len hint: 9 }
 
 - id: ch_q3
   before:
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, sum(order_line.ol_amount), orders.o_entry_d] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id) }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_id = orders.o_c_id AND customer.c_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND customer.c_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND new_order.no_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_o_id = orders.o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND new_order.no_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND new_order.no_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, new_order.no_w_id, new_order.no_d_id, new_order.no_o_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_id = orders.o_c_id AND customer.c_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND customer.c_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND new_order.no_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_o_id = orders.o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND new_order.no_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND new_order.no_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, new_order.no_o_id, new_order.no_w_id, new_order.no_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(new_order.no_o_id, new_order.no_d_id, new_order.no_w_id) }
             │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_d_id = new_order.no_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = new_order.no_w_id, output: all }
             │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id) }
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_id = orders.o_c_id AND customer.c_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND customer.c_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND new_order.no_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_o_id = orders.o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND new_order.no_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND new_order.no_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, new_order.no_w_id, new_order.no_d_id, new_order.no_o_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_id = orders.o_c_id AND customer.c_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND customer.c_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND new_order.no_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND new_order.no_o_id = orders.o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND new_order.no_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND new_order.no_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND new_order.no_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, new_order.no_o_id, new_order.no_w_id, new_order.no_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
     ├── left table: 1
     ├── right table: 3
     ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -675,10 +675,10 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_name) }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey AND $expr2 = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_i_id, $expr1, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey AND $expr2 = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, $expr1, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, $expr2) }
-            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_i_id] }
-            │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_w_id = stock.s_w_id, output: [customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
+            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id] }
+            │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_w_id = stock.s_w_id, output: [customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
             │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, orders.o_w_id) }
             │     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_id = orders.o_c_id AND customer.c_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND customer.c_d_id = orders.o_d_id, output: [customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_state, orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, customer.c_id] }
             │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_id) }
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
             │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id) }
             │           └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey) }
-              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
                 │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
                 │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (region.r_name = 'EUROPE':Varchar) }
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey AND $expr2 = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_i_id, $expr1, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey AND $expr2 = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, $expr1, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
     ├── left table: 1
     ├── right table: 3
     ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -727,8 +727,8 @@
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 9
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_i_id] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_w_id = stock.s_w_id, output: [customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_w_id = stock.s_w_id, output: [customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
         ├── left table: 5
         ├── right table: 7
         ├── left degree table: 6
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 9
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] } { left table: 21, right table: 23, left degree table: 22, right degree table: 24 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey] } { left table: 21, right table: 23, left degree table: 22, right degree table: 24 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
     └── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 11
 
@@ -798,26 +798,21 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ nation_n_name, sum(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, $expr2, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_i_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 1, 2 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    Table 1 { columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, $expr2, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_number, order_line_ol_i_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ], distribution key: [ 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, $expr2, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 15 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, $expr2, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_number, order_line_ol_i_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC ], value indices: [ 10 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state, orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, customer_c_id ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 3, 0, 1, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, orders_o_w_id_0, customer_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, order_line_ol_i_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, order_line_ol_i_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_d_id_0, order_line_ol_w_id_0, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 9 ], distribution key: [ 0, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_d_id_0, order_line_ol_w_id_0, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, order_line_ol_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ customer_c_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 1, 2, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -847,9 +842,9 @@
 
     Table 22 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 23 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 23 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, nation_n_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 24 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 24 { columns: [ nation_n_regionkey, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 25 { columns: [ vnode, r_regionkey, region_backfill_finished, region_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
@@ -996,15 +991,15 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4, sum(order_line.ol_amount), supplier.s_nationkey] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, nation.n_nationkey, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, $expr2] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, $expr2] }
             └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((nation.n_name = 'JAPAN':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar)) OR ((nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'JAPAN':Varchar))) }
               └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-                │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, nation.n_nationkey, $expr1] }
-                │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
+                │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1] }
+                │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
                 │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-                │     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id] }
-                │     │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id] }
+                │     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id] }
+                │     │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id] }
                 │     │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id) }
                 │     │     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_supply_w_id AND stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_number] }
                 │     │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
@@ -1036,15 +1031,15 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, nation.n_nationkey, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, $expr2] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_nationkey, Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, $expr2] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (((nation.n_name = 'JAPAN':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar)) OR ((nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'JAPAN':Varchar))) }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 2
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, nation.n_nationkey, $expr1] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
         ├── left table: 5
         ├── right table: 7
         ├── left degree table: 6
@@ -1053,8 +1048,8 @@
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_c_id] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id] }
         ├── left table: 9
         ├── right table: 11
         ├── left degree table: 10
@@ -1116,27 +1111,17 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, $expr3, $expr4, sum(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, nation_n_name, $expr2, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, nation_n_nationkey, $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC, $17 ASC, $18 ASC, $19 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 4 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 1 { columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, nation_n_name, $expr2, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_c_id, $expr1 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr2, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, nation_n_nationkey, $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC ], value indices: [ 16 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr2, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_c_id, $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 9 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_name, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 5 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 5 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_c_id ], primary key: [ $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 14 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1146,9 +1131,9 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id_0, order_line_ol_w_id_0, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state, orders_o_c_id, customer_c_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $8 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state, orders_o_c_id, customer_c_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1, 0, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -1276,14 +1261,14 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr3, (sum($expr4) / sum(order_line.ol_amount)) as $expr5] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr3], aggs: [sum($expr4), sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr3, Case((nation.n_name = 'INDIA':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_regionkey, $expr2] }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_regionkey] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr3, Case((nation.n_name = 'INDIA':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, nation.n_regionkey, $expr2] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_regionkey] }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
-              │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+              │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
               │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-              │     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-              │     │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+              │     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id] }
+              │     │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, item.i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
               │     │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id) }
               │     │     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_c_id = customer.c_id AND orders.o_w_id = customer.c_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = customer.c_d_id, output: [orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_state, orders.o_c_id, customer.c_id] }
               │     │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_c_id) }
@@ -1330,8 +1315,8 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr3, Case((nation.n_name = 'INDIA':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_regionkey, $expr2] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_regionkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr3, Case((nation.n_name = 'INDIA':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr4, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, nation.n_regionkey, $expr2] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_regionkey] }
         ├── left table: 1
         ├── right table: 3
         ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -1340,14 +1325,18 @@
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 15
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 5, right table: 7, left degree table: 6, right degree table: 8 }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+        ├── left table: 5
+        ├── right table: 7
+        ├── left degree table: 6
+        ├── right degree table: 8
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 3
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 12
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND customer.c_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND customer.c_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id, output: [orders.o_entry_d, customer.c_state, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, orders.o_c_id, customer.c_d_id, customer.c_w_id, item.i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
         ├── left table: 9
         ├── right table: 11
         ├── left degree table: 10
@@ -1434,43 +1423,33 @@
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr3, sum($expr4), sum(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, order_line_ol_amount, nation_n_name, $expr2, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC, $17 ASC, $18 ASC, $19 ASC, $20 ASC, $21 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ]
+    ├── columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, order_line_ol_amount, nation_n_name, $expr2, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ $expr2, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1, _degree ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC, $17 ASC, $18 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 19 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr2, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 13 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_regionkey, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_regionkey, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC, $17 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 5 { columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_state, order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 15 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, orders_o_c_id, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 11 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 9 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state, orders_o_c_id, customer_c_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $8 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 9 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_entry_d, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_state, orders_o_c_id, customer_c_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_w_id, orders_o_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, item_i_id, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, item_i_id, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $1 ASC, $7 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id_0, order_line_ol_w_id_0, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 9 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id_0, order_line_ol_w_id_0, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 9 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ orders_o_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_c_id, orders_o_entry_d ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1594,11 +1573,11 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, $expr2, sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, $expr2], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_name, $expr2) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr2, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr2, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-              │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_supply_w_id AND item.i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id] }
+              │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_supply_w_id AND item.i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
               │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
               │     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: all }
               │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id) }
@@ -1632,8 +1611,8 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr2, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_entry_d) as $expr2, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [order_line.ol_amount, orders.o_entry_d, nation.n_name, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
         ├── left table: 1
         ├── right table: 3
         ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -1642,8 +1621,8 @@
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_supply_w_id AND item.i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number, stock.s_i_id] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_supply_w_id AND item.i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, orders.o_entry_d, order_line.ol_amount, item.i_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
         ├── left table: 5
         ├── right table: 7
         ├── left degree table: 6
@@ -1706,18 +1685,13 @@
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ nation_n_name, $expr2, sum(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 1 { columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, order_line_ol_amount, $expr1, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 11 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, item_i_id, stock_s_w_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_number, stock_s_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ item_i_id, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -1725,17 +1699,12 @@
 
     Table 7
     ├── columns: [ orders_o_entry_d, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_supply_w_id, order_line_ol_amount, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $10 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 8
-    ├── columns: [ order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_supply_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id_0, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 10 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 2, 1 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    Table 8 { columns: [ order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_supply_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id_0, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 2, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ item_i_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1826,9 +1795,9 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, sum(order_line.ol_amount), customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_amount), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name) }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] }
+            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
             │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (orders.o_entry_d <= order_line.ol_delivery_d) }
             │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: all }
             │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id) }
@@ -1855,7 +1824,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3, 5]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = nation.n_nationkey, output: [customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, order_line.ol_amount, nation.n_name, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, nation.n_nationkey] }
     ├── left table: 1
     ├── right table: 3
     ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -1864,9 +1833,13 @@
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, customer.c_w_id, customer.c_d_id, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_amount, customer.c_id, customer.c_last, customer.c_city, customer.c_phone, (Ascii(Substr(customer.c_state, 1:Int32, 1:Int32)) - 65:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (orders.o_entry_d <= order_line.ol_delivery_d) }
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: all } { left table: 5, right table: 7, left degree table: 6, right degree table: 8 }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_w_id = orders.o_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = orders.o_d_id AND order_line.ol_o_id = orders.o_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = customer.c_d_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = customer.c_w_id, output: all }
+            ├── left table: 5
+            ├── right table: 7
+            ├── left degree table: 6
+            ├── right degree table: 8
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([1, 2, 0, 1, 2]) from 3
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 2, 7, 8, 9]) from 4
 
@@ -1905,18 +1878,13 @@
     Table 0 { columns: [ customer_c_id, customer_c_last, customer_c_city, customer_c_phone, nation_n_name, sum(order_line_ol_amount), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, customer_c_id, customer_c_last, customer_c_city, customer_c_phone, $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $1 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]
+    ├── columns: [ order_line_ol_amount, customer_c_id, customer_c_last, customer_c_city, customer_c_phone, $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 5 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, customer_c_w_id, customer_c_d_id, customer_c_id, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 11 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, customer_c_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2031,7 +1999,7 @@
         │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [sum(stock.s_order_cnt), count] }
         │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
         │     └─StreamShare { id: 10 }
-        │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
+        │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
         │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
         │         │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
         │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
@@ -2049,7 +2017,7 @@
               └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
                 └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(stock.s_order_cnt)] }
                   └─StreamShare { id: 10 }
-                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
+                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
                       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
                       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
                       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
@@ -2082,7 +2050,7 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_order_cnt, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
     ├── left table: 3
     ├── right table: 5
     ├── left degree table: 4
@@ -2091,12 +2059,17 @@
     └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 6
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all } { left table: 7, right table: 9, left degree table: 8, right degree table: 10 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
+    ├── left table: 7
+    ├── right table: 9
+    ├── left degree table: 8
+    ├── right degree table: 10
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 4
-    Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 11 }
+    Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+    ├── state table: 11
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
@@ -2123,7 +2096,12 @@
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(stock.s_order_cnt)] }
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, sum(stock_s_order_cnt), $expr2 ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ stock_s_i_id, sum(stock_s_order_cnt), $expr2 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ $expr3 ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -2131,15 +2109,15 @@
 
     Table 3
     ├── columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 4
-    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
+    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
@@ -2150,11 +2128,26 @@
     ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 7
+    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 1 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 8
+    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2223,7 +2216,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, sum($expr1), sum($expr2)] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [orders.o_ol_cnt], aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_ol_cnt) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id = 1:Int32) OR (orders.o_carrier_id = 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id <> 1:Int32) AND (orders.o_carrier_id <> 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id = 1:Int32) OR (orders.o_carrier_id = 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id <> 1:Int32) AND (orders.o_carrier_id <> 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
             └─StreamFilter { predicate: (orders.o_entry_d <= order_line.ol_delivery_d) }
               └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id, output: all }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_w_id) }
@@ -2243,7 +2236,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id = 1:Int32) OR (orders.o_carrier_id = 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id <> 1:Int32) AND (orders.o_carrier_id <> 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [orders.o_ol_cnt, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id = 1:Int32) OR (orders.o_carrier_id = 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_carrier_id <> 1:Int32) AND (orders.o_carrier_id <> 2:Int32)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (orders.o_entry_d <= order_line.ol_delivery_d) }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND orders.o_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND orders.o_id = order_line.ol_o_id, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
@@ -2256,7 +2249,8 @@
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamFilter { predicate: (order_line.ol_delivery_d < '2030-01-01 00:00:00':Timestamp) }
-    └── Chain { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number], pk: [order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number], dist: UpstreamHashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_number) } { state table: 6 }
+    └── Chain { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number], pk: [order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number], dist: UpstreamHashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_number) }
+        ├── state table: 6
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
@@ -2418,7 +2412,7 @@
       └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), sum(sum(order_line.ol_amount)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1), sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(item.i_data, 'PR%':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr1, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, item.i_id, order_line.ol_i_id] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(item.i_data, 'PR%':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr1, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
               └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_i_id = item.i_id, output: [order_line.ol_amount, item.i_data, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, item.i_id] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_i_id) }
                 │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
@@ -2439,7 +2433,7 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1), sum(order_line.ol_amount)] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(item.i_data, 'PR%':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr1, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, item.i_id, order_line.ol_i_id] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(item.i_data, 'PR%':Varchar), order_line.ol_amount, 0:Decimal) as $expr1, order_line.ol_amount, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id] }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: order_line.ol_i_id = item.i_id, output: [order_line.ol_amount, item.i_data, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_i_id, item.i_id] }
             ├── left table: 1
             ├── right table: 3
@@ -2643,10 +2637,10 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, $expr2, item.i_price, count(distinct $expr3)] }
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [item.i_name, $expr2, item.i_price], aggs: [count(distinct $expr3), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_name, $expr2, item.i_price) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, Substr(item.i_data, 1:Int32, 3:Int32) as $expr2, item.i_price, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32) as $expr3, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, item.i_id, $expr1] }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, item.i_id, $expr1] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, Substr(item.i_data, 1:Int32, 3:Int32) as $expr2, item.i_price, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32) as $expr3, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, $expr1] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id] }
+              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1] }
               │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, item.i_id] }
               │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
               │     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
@@ -2669,17 +2663,13 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, Substr(item.i_data, 1:Int32, 3:Int32) as $expr2, item.i_price, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32) as $expr3, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, item.i_id, $expr1] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, item.i_id, $expr1] }
-        ├── left table: 2
-        ├── right table: 4
-        ├── left degree table: 3
-        ├── right degree table: 5
+    StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_name, Substr(item.i_data, 1:Int32, 3:Int32) as $expr2, item.i_price, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32) as $expr3, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, $expr1] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all } { left table: 2, right table: 4, left degree table: 3, right degree table: 5 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([5]) from 2
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, item.i_id] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1] }
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, item.i_name, item.i_price, item.i_data, item.i_id] }
         ├── left table: 6
         ├── right table: 8
@@ -2721,13 +2711,13 @@
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, item_i_name, item_i_price, item_i_data, $expr1, item_i_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
+    ├── columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, item_i_name, item_i_price, item_i_data, $expr1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 5 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, item_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2749,7 +2739,13 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 11
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 12
     ├── columns: [ vnode, s_suppkey, supplier_backfill_finished, supplier_row_count ]
@@ -3177,8 +3173,8 @@
                           └─BatchFilter { predicate: (order_line.ol_delivery_d > '2010-05-23 12:00:00':Timestamp) }
                             └─BatchScan { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_delivery_d], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
@@ -3206,9 +3202,9 @@
                         └─StreamTableScan { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
 
@@ -3264,9 +3260,9 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_quantity ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3308,7 +3304,7 @@
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: ch_q21
   before:
@@ -3371,12 +3367,12 @@
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, numwait], stream_key: [s_name], pk_columns: [numwait, s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_name], aggs: [count] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_name) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: order_line.ol_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND (order_line.ol_delivery_d > order_line.ol_delivery_d), output: [supplier.s_name, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+        └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: order_line.ol_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND (order_line.ol_delivery_d > order_line.ol_delivery_d), output: [supplier.s_name, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id] }
           ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id) }
-          │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+          │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
           │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-          │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] }
-          │   │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = orders.o_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] }
+          │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+          │   │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = orders.o_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number] }
           │   │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
           │   │     │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stock.s_w_id = stock.s_w_id) }
           │   │     │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
@@ -3410,7 +3406,7 @@
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: order_line.ol_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND (order_line.ol_delivery_d > order_line.ol_delivery_d), output: [supplier.s_name, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: order_line.ol_o_id = order_line.ol_o_id AND order_line.ol_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND order_line.ol_d_id = order_line.ol_d_id AND (order_line.ol_delivery_d > order_line.ol_delivery_d), output: [supplier.s_name, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr1, order_line.ol_w_id] }
     ├── left table: 1
     ├── right table: 3
     ├── left degree table: 2
@@ -3419,13 +3415,13 @@
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 11
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 5, right table: 7, left degree table: 6, right degree table: 8 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, $expr1, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 5, right table: 7, left degree table: 6, right degree table: 8 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 3
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = orders.o_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number, orders.o_w_id, orders.o_d_id, orders.o_id] } { left table: 9, right table: 11, left degree table: 10, right degree table: 12 }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_w_id = order_line.ol_w_id AND stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id AND stock.s_w_id = orders.o_w_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_delivery_d, order_line.ol_number] } { left table: 9, right table: 11, left degree table: 10, right degree table: 12 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([1, 0, 1]) from 4
         └── StreamExchange Hash([2, 3, 5]) from 5
 
@@ -3478,33 +3474,33 @@
     Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_name, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, $expr1, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $11 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]
+    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_name, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, $expr1, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $10 ASC, $8 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 3, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 13 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_number ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_w_id, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC ], value indices: [ 10 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ $expr1, stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 8 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 9 { columns: [ stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ stock_s_w_id, stock_s_i_id, stock_s_w_id_0, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, orders_o_w_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 11 { columns: [ order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, order_line_ol_delivery_d, orders_o_w_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, orders_o_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, orders_o_d_id, orders_o_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ order_line_ol_w_id, order_line_ol_i_id, orders_o_w_id, order_line_ol_d_id, order_line_ol_o_id, order_line_ol_number, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 13 { columns: [ vnode, s_w_id, s_i_id, stock_backfill_finished, stock_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/delta_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/delta_join.yaml
index 29ab1cb7a71b9..8c65e70f4bf3a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/delta_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/delta_join.yaml
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
     /* should generate delta join plan, and stream index scan */
     select * from a join b on a.a1 = b.b1 ;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a1, a2, b1, b2], stream_key: [a1, b1], pk_columns: [a1, b1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.a1, b.b1) }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a1, a2, b1, b2], stream_key: [a1], pk_columns: [a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.a1) }
       └─StreamDeltaJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.a1 = b.b1, output: all }
         ├─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.a1, a.a2], pk: [a.a1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a.a1) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: b, columns: [b.b1, b.b2], pk: [b.b1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(b.b1) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
index 0ad51e1e404b1..85d76188f3e76 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
           └─BatchScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, a.k1, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, a.k1, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.k1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
@@ -971,9 +971,13 @@
           └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, a.k1, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, a.k1, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
+        ├── left table: 0
+        ├── right table: 2
+        ├── left degree table: 1
+        ├── right degree table: 3
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -1014,7 +1018,12 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1 ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: aggk1_join_Ak1_onk1
   before:
@@ -1146,7 +1155,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(b.k1) }
           └─BatchScan { table: b, columns: [b.k1], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1, b.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1, b.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
       ├─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
       │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
@@ -1156,7 +1165,7 @@
           └─StreamTableScan { table: b, columns: [b.k1, b._row_id], pk: [b._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(b._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1, b.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1, b.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
         ├── left table: 0
@@ -1178,15 +1187,40 @@
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ a_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ a_k1, count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ a_k1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ a_k1, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ b_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ b_k1, count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ b_k1, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ b_k1, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ a_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ a_k1, count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 5
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, a_backfill_finished, a_row_count ]
@@ -1196,7 +1230,12 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ b_k1, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ b_k1, count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 7
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, b_backfill_finished, b_row_count ]
@@ -1208,10 +1247,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ num, bv, a.k1, b.k1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (row_id int, uid int, v int, created_at timestamp);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
index 2f72bc6d4f4a2..8e63beb9798c1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
             └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), all_sales._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.amount(hidden), salesperson.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, salesperson.id#1, all_sales.amount], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, salesperson.id#1, all_sales.amount], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), all_sales._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.amount(hidden), salesperson.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM salesperson.id AND all_sales.amount = max(all_sales.amount), output: [salesperson.name, max(all_sales.amount), all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount, salesperson.id] }
       ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id = all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id] }
       │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
             └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales.salesperson_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales.salesperson_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
             └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales.salesperson_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales.salesperson_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
             └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index e4f1ff1136cdb..b2b0ca006057a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
           └─BatchFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
             └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.seller, auction.category], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, person.id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, person.id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.seller) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.seller] }
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
           └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.city, person.state], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, person.id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, person.id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
         ├── left table: 0
@@ -222,16 +222,28 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ person_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ name, city, state, id, auction.seller, person.id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 4 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q4
   before:
@@ -440,7 +452,7 @@
                 └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(bid.date_time) }
                   └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.date_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, count, window_start, window_start] }
       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all }
@@ -462,7 +474,7 @@
                           └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, count, window_start, window_start] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
@@ -501,13 +513,24 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ bid_auction, window_start, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ window_start, count, bid_auction ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 DESC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ window_start, max(count), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q6_group_top1
   before:
@@ -823,7 +846,7 @@
             └─BatchProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
               └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
@@ -839,7 +862,7 @@
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
         ├── left table: 0
@@ -885,7 +908,7 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
   before:
@@ -1106,7 +1129,7 @@
       └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, side_input.key, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, side_input.key, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, (bid.auction % 10000:Int32) as $expr1, bid._row_id] }
@@ -1115,7 +1138,7 @@
         └─StreamTableScan { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, side_input.key, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, side_input.key, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 1
@@ -1136,7 +1159,12 @@
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, key, side_input_backfill_finished, side_input_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key ], primary key: [ $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $6 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 6 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q14
   before:
@@ -1763,7 +1791,7 @@
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid.auction) }
         └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction.id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction.id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
@@ -1772,7 +1800,7 @@
           └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction.id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction.id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
         ├── left table: 0
@@ -1807,10 +1835,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id, auction.id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q21
   before:
@@ -1914,7 +1942,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
           └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id, bid.auction], pk_columns: [auction_id, bid.auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -1924,7 +1952,7 @@
             └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id, bid.auction], pk_columns: [auction_id, bid.auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
         ├── left table: 0
@@ -1964,14 +1992,20 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ bid_auction, max(bid_price), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
 - id: nexmark_q102
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index 7b1e28d485686..4c85c0fec237a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
                   └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(date_time) }
                     └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction, count, window_start, window_start] }
       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all }
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
                               └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction, count, window_start, window_start] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
@@ -479,7 +479,12 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ window_start, max(count), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q6
   before:
@@ -731,7 +736,7 @@
             └─BatchProject { exprs: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
               └─BatchSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, $expr1, $expr2) }
       │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [id, name, $expr1, $expr2] }
@@ -748,7 +753,7 @@
                 └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
@@ -787,7 +792,12 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
   before:
@@ -1764,7 +1774,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(auction) }
           └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
       │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
@@ -1776,7 +1786,7 @@
               └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1813,10 +1823,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, auction ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q102
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
index 802133d356833..879910f1b27c4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
     ) AS MaxBids
     ON AuctionBids.starttime = MaxBids.starttime_c AND AuctionBids.num >= MaxBids.maxn;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr3, count, window_start, window_start] }
       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all }
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
                                 └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr3, count, window_start, window_start] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
@@ -380,7 +380,9 @@
     Fragment 3
     StreamHopWindow { time_col: $expr4, slide: 00:00:02, size: 00:00:10, output: [$expr3, window_start, _row_id] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 5:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
-        └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, person, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true } { left table: 5, right table: 6 }
+        └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, person, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+            ├── left table: 5
+            ├── right table: 6
             ├── StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(Field(bid, 5:Int32)) AND (event_type = 2:Int32) }
             │   └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             │       └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
@@ -405,7 +407,12 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ $expr3, window_start, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ event_type, person, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ event_type, person, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 5 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ $expr2 ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
@@ -417,7 +424,12 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ window_start, max(count), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q6
   before:
@@ -704,7 +716,7 @@
       AND P.starttime = A.starttime
       AND P.endtime = A.endtime;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr5, $expr6) }
       │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6] }
@@ -733,7 +745,7 @@
                             └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
@@ -779,7 +791,12 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ $expr8, $expr9, $expr10 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
   before:
@@ -1357,7 +1374,7 @@
         GROUP BY b1.auction
     ) b ON a.id = b.auction;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
@@ -1385,7 +1402,7 @@
                     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1438,10 +1455,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, $expr5 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q102
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index bc0ae6bd25441..73e5cff7a0ed1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
                     └─BatchProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr3, _row_id] }
                       └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)] }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, count, window_start, window_start], output_watermarks: [window_start, window_start] }
       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
         └─StreamHashJoin [window] { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output_watermarks: [window_start, window_start], output: all }
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
                                   └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, count, window_start, window_start], output_watermarks: [window_start, window_start] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
@@ -475,10 +475,10 @@
 
     Table 8 { columns: [ window_start, max(count), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, num, window_start, window_start#1 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
   eowc_stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [window_start(hidden)] }
     └─StreamEowcSort { sort_column: window_start }
       └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, count, window_start, window_start], output_watermarks: [window_start, window_start] }
         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@
                 └─BatchProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr6, _row_id] }
                   └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
     └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2, $expr5) }
       │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5] }
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@
                             └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
@@ -920,10 +920,10 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 7 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
   eowc_stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime] }
     └─StreamEowcSort { sort_column: $expr2 }
       └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2, $expr5) }
@@ -1908,7 +1908,7 @@
               └─BatchProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr4, _row_id] }
                 └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr4, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr4, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
@@ -1934,7 +1934,7 @@
                             └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr4, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr4, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1976,10 +1976,10 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, $expr4 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
index 796a6521f731c..8180c1bed023b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.y) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, sum, max, min, t._row_id(hidden), t.y(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.y, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.y, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, sum, max, min, t._row_id(hidden), t.y(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.y = t.y, output: [t.x, t.y, sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w), t._row_id, t.y] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
       │ └─StreamShare { id: 1 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
index ca81bfc0f1d3d..55131ed1614cd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     ON
         Tone.id = Ttwo.id;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v1, max_v2, t1.id(hidden), t2.id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.id, t2.id], pk_columns: [t1.id, t2.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v1, max_v2, t1.id(hidden), t2.id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.id], pk_columns: [t1.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.id = t2.id, output: [max(t1.v1), max(t2.v2), t1.id, t2.id] }
       ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.id, max(t1.v1)] }
       │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.id], aggs: [max(t1.v1), count] }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     ON
         Tone.id = Ttwo.id;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v, min_v, t.id(hidden), t.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t.id, t.id#1], pk_columns: [t.id, t.id#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v, min_v, t.id(hidden), t.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t.id], pk_columns: [t.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id, output: [max(t.v), min(t.v), t.id, t.id] }
       ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t.id, max(t.v)] }
       │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [max(t.v), count] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
index 78aeb4084f38c..4495a3deeaaf9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
                   └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(date_time) }
                     └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_columns: [auction, window_start, window_start#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, num, window_start(hidden), window_start#1(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, window_start], pk_columns: [auction, window_start], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction, count, window_start, window_start] }
       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= max(count)) }
         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: window_start = window_start, output: all }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
index 64116534a99b6..1ad1d9f92c418 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
                 └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
                   └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, k, sum_x, t.x(hidden)], stream_key: [k, t.x, x], pk_columns: [k, t.x, x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, k, sum_x, t.x(hidden)], stream_key: [k, x], pk_columns: [k, x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0)), t.x] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
                     └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
                       └─BatchScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, integers.i, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id, integers.i], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, row_number, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@
                     └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
                       └─BatchScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, integers.i, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id, integers.i], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, sum, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@
               └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
                 └─BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32], [2:Int32]] }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col, k, ts, window_start, window_end], stream_key: [col, k, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [col, k, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col, k, ts, window_start, window_end], stream_key: [col, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [col, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: 1:Int32 = t1.k, output: all }
       ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [1:Int32] }
       │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
index 88edfa45ad938..a1020b8d16ee5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2));
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on id1= id2
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2));
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on id1 = id2 where a2 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2));
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream, version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() where id1 = id2 AND a2 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     create table version(id2 int, a2 int, b2 int, primary key (id2, a2));
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and id1 = id2 where b2 != a2;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, a2, id1, a1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, a2, id1, a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, a1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND stream.a1 = version.a2 AND (version.b2 <> version.a2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.a1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@
     join version1 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.k = version1.k
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.k = version2.k where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [k, x1, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version1.k(hidden), version2.k(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, version1.k, k, version2.k], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, version1.k, k, version2.k], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version2.k, output: [stream.k, version1.x1, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version1.k, version2.k] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [k, x1, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.k(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, k], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, k], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version2.k, output: [stream.k, version1.x1, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.k] }
       ├─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version1.k, output: [stream.k, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.k] }
       │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.k) }
       │ │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
     join version1 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id1 = version1.id1
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id2 = version2.id2 where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version1.id1(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, version1.id1, id1, version2.id2, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, version1.id1, id1, version2.id2, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version1.id1, version2.id2] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
       │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@
     join version1 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id1 = version1.id1
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id2 = version2.id2 where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version1.id1(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, version1.id1, id1, version2.id2, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, version1.id1, id1, version2.id2, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version1.id1, version2.id2] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
       │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     create index idx3 on version (c2);
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2 and c1 = c2 and id1 = id2;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden), stream.c1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden), stream.c1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (stream.a1 = version.a2) AND (stream.b1 = version.b2) AND (stream.c1 = version.c2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1, stream.c1] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream.c1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
index 1fdcdfee27b4d..e4bc067ba2988 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
@@ -321,13 +321,13 @@
                                 └─BatchFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
                                   └─BatchScan { table: partsupp, columns: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), part.p_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_suppkey(hidden), min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)(hidden)], stream_key: [region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), part.p_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_suppkey(hidden), min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)(hidden)], stream_key: [region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
       └─StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_acctbal DESC, nation.n_name ASC, supplier.s_name ASC, part.p_partkey ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0 }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_acctbal DESC, nation.n_name ASC, supplier.s_name ASC, part.p_partkey ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr1] }
-              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr1] }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
                 │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                 │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
@@ -341,10 +341,10 @@
                 │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
                 │     └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_comment], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey AND min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) = partsupp.ps_supplycost, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), partsupp.ps_partkey] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey AND min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) = partsupp.ps_supplycost, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
                     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
                     │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), count] }
-                    │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+                    │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
                     │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(part.p_partkey) }
                     │     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey] }
                     │     │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [count] }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
                     │     │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (part.p_size = 4:Int32) AND Like(part.p_type, '%TIN':Varchar) }
                     │     │         └─StreamTableScan { table: part, columns: [part.p_partkey, part.p_type, part.p_size], pk: [part.p_partkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(part.p_partkey) }
                     │     └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
-                    │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+                    │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                     │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
                     │         │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, supplier.s_nationkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey] }
                     │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
@@ -377,16 +377,16 @@
                         └─StreamTableScan { table: partsupp, columns: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost], pk: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), part.p_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_suppkey(hidden), min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)(hidden)], stream_key: [region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), part.p_partkey(hidden), partsupp.ps_suppkey(hidden), min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)(hidden)], stream_key: [region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
         └── StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_acctbal DESC, nation.n_name ASC, supplier.s_name ASC, part.p_partkey ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0 } { state table: 0 }
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_acctbal DESC, nation.n_name ASC, supplier.s_name ASC, part.p_partkey ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] } { left table: 2, right table: 4, left degree table: 3, right degree table: 5 }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr1] }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_acctbal, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] } { left table: 2, right table: 4, left degree table: 3, right degree table: 5 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 2
             └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 7
 
@@ -418,10 +418,10 @@
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 7
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey AND min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) = partsupp.ps_supplycost, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), partsupp.ps_partkey] } { left table: 17, right table: 19, left degree table: 18, right degree table: 20 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey AND min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) = partsupp.ps_supplycost, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] } { left table: 17, right table: 19, left degree table: 18, right degree table: 20 }
     ├── StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_partkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost)] }
     │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_partkey], aggs: [min(partsupp.ps_supplycost), count] } { intermediate state table: 22, state tables: [ 21 ], distinct tables: [] }
-    │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 23, right table: 25, left degree table: 24, right degree table: 26 }
+    │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 23, right table: 25, left degree table: 24, right degree table: 26 }
     │           ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
     │           └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = partsupp.ps_partkey, output: [part.p_partkey, part.p_mfgr, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_partkey] } { left table: 45, right table: 47, left degree table: 46, right degree table: 48 }
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
                     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 9
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] } { left table: 29, right table: 31, left degree table: 30, right degree table: 32 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] } { left table: 29, right table: 31, left degree table: 30, right degree table: 32 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 10
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 13
 
@@ -487,17 +487,17 @@
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $15 ASC, $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 10 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 15 }
+    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $14 ASC, $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [ 10 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 14 }
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ nation_n_name, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, partsupp_ps_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), partsupp_ps_partkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, partsupp_ps_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, part_p_partkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_partkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, part_p_partkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_name, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -525,11 +525,11 @@
 
     Table 18 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 19 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 19 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 20 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 20 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 21 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 21 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 22 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -537,17 +537,17 @@
 
     Table 24 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 25 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 25 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 26 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 26 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, region_r_regionkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 27 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 28 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 29 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 29 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_supplycost, supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 30 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 30 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 31 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
 
     Table 50 { columns: [ vnode, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, partsupp_backfill_finished, partsupp_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 11 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, min(partsupp.ps_supplycost) ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 9 }
 
 - id: tpch_q3
   before:
@@ -1005,8 +1005,8 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, sum($expr1), Vnode(nation.n_name) as $expr2] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_name) }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
-                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey AND nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey AND nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
                       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey) }
                       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey] }
                       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@
                       │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (nation.n_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) }
                       │       └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
                       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey) }
-                        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [customer.c_nationkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, supplier.s_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+                        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [customer.c_nationkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, supplier.s_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
                           ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_nationkey) }
                           │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_custkey = customer.c_custkey, output: [orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_nationkey, orders.o_custkey, customer.c_custkey] }
                           │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_custkey) }
@@ -1050,8 +1050,8 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey AND nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey AND nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey, customer.c_nationkey] }
         ├── left table: 3
         ├── right table: 5
         ├── left degree table: 4
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 6
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [customer.c_nationkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, supplier.s_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [customer.c_nationkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, supplier.s_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_custkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
     ├── left table: 13
     ├── right table: 15
     ├── left degree table: 14
@@ -1129,13 +1129,13 @@
     Table 4 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey_0, region_r_regionkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
     Table 5
-    ├── columns: [ customer_c_nationkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, supplier_s_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_custkey, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, supplier_s_suppkey, lineitem_l_suppkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
+    ├── columns: [ customer_c_nationkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, supplier_s_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, lineitem_l_suppkey ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_custkey, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, supplier_s_suppkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 9 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1149,13 +1149,13 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_custkey, customer_c_custkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_custkey, customer_c_custkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_nationkey, customer_c_custkey, orders_o_custkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_nationkey, orders_o_custkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, supplier_s_nationkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, lineitem_l_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, supplier_s_nationkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, lineitem_l_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, supplier_s_nationkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, supplier_s_suppkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, supplier_s_nationkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
     Table 17 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_custkey ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1, sum($expr2), Vnode(nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1) as $expr3] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_name, nation.n_name, $expr1) }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, lineitem.l_shipdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, lineitem.l_shipdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey] }
                     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((nation.n_name = 'ROMANIA':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar)) OR ((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'ROMANIA':Varchar))) }
                       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = orders.o_orderkey, output: all }
                         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, lineitem.l_shipdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, lineitem.l_shipdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (((nation.n_name = 'ROMANIA':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar)) OR ((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar) AND (nation.n_name = 'ROMANIA':Varchar))) }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = orders.o_orderkey, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 3
@@ -1429,7 +1429,8 @@
 
     Fragment 7
     StreamFilter { predicate: (lineitem.l_shipdate >= '1983-01-01':Date) AND (lineitem.l_shipdate <= '2000-12-31':Date) }
-    └── Chain { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, lineitem.l_shipdate, lineitem.l_linenumber], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber) } { state table: 17 }
+    └── Chain { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, lineitem.l_shipdate, lineitem.l_linenumber], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber) }
+        ├── state table: 17
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
@@ -1645,9 +1646,9 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, (sum($expr3) / sum($expr2)) as $expr4, Vnode($expr1) as $expr5] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [sum($expr3), sum($expr2), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, Case((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar), $expr2, 0:Decimal) as $expr3, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-                      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, Case((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar), $expr2, 0:Decimal) as $expr3, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_custkey) }
                         │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
@@ -1699,9 +1700,9 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, Case((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar), $expr2, 0:Decimal) as $expr3, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, Case((nation.n_name = 'IRAN':Varchar), $expr2, 0:Decimal) as $expr3, $expr2, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, nation.n_nationkey, customer.c_custkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
             ├── left table: 3
             ├── right table: 5
             ├── left degree table: 4
@@ -1800,12 +1801,12 @@
 
     Table 5
     ├── columns: [ nation_n_name, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, orders_o_custkey, orders_o_orderdate, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, orders_o_orderkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, orders_o_orderkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, region_r_regionkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1974,8 +1975,8 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, $expr1, sum($expr2), Vnode(nation.n_name, $expr1) as $expr3] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [nation.n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_name, $expr1) }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) - (partsupp.ps_supplycost * lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
-                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey AND partsupp.ps_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, partsupp.ps_supplycost, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) - (partsupp.ps_supplycost * lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
+                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey AND partsupp.ps_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, partsupp.ps_supplycost, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
                       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = partsupp.ps_partkey, output: all }
                       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(part.p_partkey) }
@@ -1985,7 +1986,7 @@
                       │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
                       │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (partsupp.ps_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
                       │       └─StreamTableScan { table: partsupp, columns: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_supplycost], pk: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
-                      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
                         │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
@@ -2017,14 +2018,14 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) - (partsupp.ps_supplycost * lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey AND partsupp.ps_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, partsupp.ps_supplycost, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, orders.o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) - (partsupp.ps_supplycost * lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey AND partsupp.ps_partkey = lineitem.l_partkey AND partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, partsupp.ps_supplycost, orders.o_orderdate, nation.n_name, part.p_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
         ├── left table: 3
         ├── right table: 5
         ├── left degree table: 4
         ├── right degree table: 6
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 3
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] } { left table: 13, right table: 15, left degree table: 14, right degree table: 16 }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [nation.n_name, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_nationkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] } { left table: 13, right table: 15, left degree table: 14, right degree table: 16 }
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 6
             └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 9
 
@@ -2087,9 +2088,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ part_p_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey_0, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ nation_n_name, supplier_s_suppkey, orders_o_orderdate, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_quantity, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, nation_n_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ nation_n_name, supplier_s_suppkey, orders_o_orderdate, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_quantity, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, nation_n_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey_0, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 8 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey_0, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 7 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ part_p_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2107,9 +2108,9 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 15 { columns: [ orders_o_orderdate, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_quantity, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 15 { columns: [ orders_o_orderdate, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, lineitem_l_quantity, lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $6 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 16 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 16 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 17 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2229,8 +2230,8 @@
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [sum($expr1) DESC], limit: 20, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2] }
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, sum($expr1), customer.c_acctbal, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_comment, Vnode(customer.c_custkey) as $expr2] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1.00:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1.00:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(customer.c_custkey) }
                     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: nation.n_nationkey = customer.c_nationkey, output: [nation.n_name, customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, nation.n_nationkey] }
                     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
@@ -2259,8 +2260,8 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [sum($expr1) DESC], limit: 20, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, sum($expr1), customer.c_acctbal, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_comment, Vnode(customer.c_custkey) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1.00:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
-                └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, orders.o_orderkey] }
+            └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_phone, nation.n_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_comment, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1.00:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, customer.c_address, customer.c_phone, customer.c_acctbal, customer.c_comment, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, nation.n_name, nation.n_nationkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                     ├── left table: 3
                     ├── right table: 5
                     ├── left degree table: 4
@@ -2302,7 +2303,12 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ customer_c_custkey, customer_c_name, sum($expr1), customer_c_acctbal, nation_n_name, customer_c_address, customer_c_phone, customer_c_comment, $expr2 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ customer_c_custkey, customer_c_name, sum($expr1), customer_c_acctbal, nation_n_name, customer_c_address, customer_c_phone, customer_c_comment, $expr2 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
+    ├── distribution key: []
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
     ├── columns: [ customer_c_custkey, customer_c_name, sum($expr1), customer_c_acctbal, nation_n_name, customer_c_address, customer_c_phone, customer_c_comment, $expr2 ]
@@ -2318,9 +2324,9 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ customer_c_custkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, orders_o_orderkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ lineitem_l_extendedprice, lineitem_l_discount, orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, orders_o_orderkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, orders_o_orderkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ orders_o_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey, nation_n_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2454,9 +2460,9 @@
                 ├─StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, sum($expr1)] }
                 │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [partsupp.ps_partkey], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
                 │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
-                │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, (partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr1, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+                │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, (partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr1, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
                 │       └─StreamShare { id: 9 }
-                │         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+                │         └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                 │           ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
                 │           │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, supplier.s_nationkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey] }
                 │           │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
@@ -2472,9 +2478,9 @@
                     └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr2)), count] }
                       └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
                         └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr2)] }
-                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [(partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr2, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [(partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr2, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
                             └─StreamShare { id: 9 }
-                              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+                              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
                                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
                                 │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, supplier.s_nationkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey] }
                                 │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
@@ -2508,11 +2514,11 @@
             └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 8
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, (partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr1, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, (partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr1, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_availqty, partsupp.ps_supplycost, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
     ├── left table: 5
     ├── right table: 7
     ├── left degree table: 6
@@ -2554,7 +2560,7 @@
 
     Fragment 9
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr2)] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [(partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr2, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [(partsupp.ps_supplycost * partsupp.ps_availqty::Decimal) as $expr2, partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
         └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, sum($expr1), $expr4 ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
@@ -2569,12 +2575,12 @@
 
     Table 5
     ├── columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_availqty, partsupp_ps_supplycost, supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_nationkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2670,7 +2676,7 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, sum($expr1), sum($expr2), Vnode(lineitem.l_shipmode) as $expr3] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_shipmode], aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_shipmode) }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT':Varchar) OR (orders.o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT':Varchar) AND (orders.o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT':Varchar) OR (orders.o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT':Varchar) AND (orders.o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [orders.o_orderpriority, lineitem.l_shipmode, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_orderkey) }
                       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: orders, columns: [orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_orderpriority], pk: [orders.o_orderkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(orders.o_orderkey) }
@@ -2696,7 +2702,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT':Varchar) OR (orders.o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT':Varchar) AND (orders.o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_shipmode, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT':Varchar) OR (orders.o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr1, Case(((orders.o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT':Varchar) AND (orders.o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH':Varchar)), 1:Int32, 0:Int32) as $expr2, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [orders.o_orderpriority, lineitem.l_shipmode, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
@@ -2963,7 +2969,7 @@
       └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), sum(sum($expr2)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2)] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(part.p_type, 'PROMO%':Varchar), (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)), 0:Decimal) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(part.p_type, 'PROMO%':Varchar), (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)), 0:Decimal) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey] }
               └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, part.p_type, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_partkey) }
                 │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
@@ -2984,7 +2990,7 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1), sum($expr2)] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(part.p_type, 'PROMO%':Varchar), (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)), 0:Decimal) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [Case(Like(part.p_type, 'PROMO%':Varchar), (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)), 0:Decimal) as $expr1, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey] }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, part.p_type, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
             ├── left table: 1
             ├── right table: 3
@@ -3093,13 +3099,13 @@
           └─LogicalProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_suppkey, (lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Int32::Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr2] }
             └─LogicalScan { table: lineitem, output_columns: [lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount], required_columns: [lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, lineitem.l_shipdate], predicate: (lineitem.l_shipdate >= '1993-01-01':Date) AND (lineitem.l_shipdate < ('1993-01-01':Date + '3 mons':Interval)) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, lineitem.l_suppkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1)] }
       └─StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_suppkey ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_suppkey ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey, Vnode(sum($expr1)) as $expr3] }
-              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: sum($expr1) = max(max(sum($expr1))), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), Vnode(sum($expr1)) as $expr3] }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: sum($expr1) = max(max(sum($expr1))), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1)] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(sum($expr1)) }
                 │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey] }
                 │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
@@ -3126,16 +3132,16 @@
                                         └─StreamTableScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_discount, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_shipdate], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, lineitem.l_suppkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1)] }
         └── StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_suppkey ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 } { state table: 0 }
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_suppkey ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey, Vnode(sum($expr1)) as $expr3] }
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: sum($expr1) = max(max(sum($expr1))), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1), Vnode(sum($expr1)) as $expr3] }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: sum($expr1) = max(max(sum($expr1))), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, sum($expr1)] }
             ├── left table: 2
             ├── right table: 4
             ├── left degree table: 3
@@ -3153,7 +3159,8 @@
     └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
     Fragment 3
-    Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 10 }
+    Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+    ├── state table: 10
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
@@ -3180,19 +3187,13 @@
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_suppkey, sum($expr1), Vnode(lineitem.l_suppkey) as $expr2] }
         └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem_l_suppkey, $expr3 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), $expr3 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem_l_suppkey, $expr3 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $6 ASC, $0 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 4 ]
-    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-    └── vnode column idx: 6
+    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), $expr3 ], primary key: [ $5 ASC, $0 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 5 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, sum($expr1), lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ sum($expr1), supplier_s_suppkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ sum($expr1), supplier_s_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ max(max(sum($expr1))) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3220,7 +3221,7 @@
 
     Table 16 { columns: [ $expr2, max(sum($expr1)), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, lineitem.l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q16
   before:
@@ -3300,7 +3301,7 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size, count(distinct partsupp.ps_suppkey), Vnode(part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size) as $expr1] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size], aggs: [count(distinct partsupp.ps_suppkey), count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size) }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
                     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
                     │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: partsupp.ps_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size, partsupp.ps_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
                     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
@@ -3332,7 +3333,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 2, 3]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: all }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: partsupp.ps_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, part.p_brand, part.p_type, part.p_size, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
     ├── left table: 4
     ├── right table: 6
     ├── left degree table: 5
@@ -3399,12 +3400,12 @@
 
     Table 4
     ├── columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, part_p_brand, part_p_type, part_p_size, partsupp_ps_partkey, part_p_partkey ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $4 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, part_p_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3513,7 +3514,7 @@
       └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice)] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
               └─StreamFilter { predicate: (lineitem.l_quantity < $expr1) }
                 └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey, output: all }
                   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(part.p_partkey) }
@@ -3549,7 +3550,7 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_extendedprice)] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_extendedprice, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey, part.p_partkey, part.p_partkey] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (lineitem.l_quantity < $expr1) }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: part.p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM part.p_partkey, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 2
@@ -3741,7 +3742,7 @@
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [orders.o_totalprice DESC, orders.o_orderdate ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_name, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_totalprice, sum(lineitem.l_quantity), Vnode(orders.o_orderkey) as $expr1] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] }
-                └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: all }
+                └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                   ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                   │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(orders.o_orderkey) }
                   │ │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: customer.c_custkey = orders.o_custkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate] }
@@ -3769,7 +3770,11 @@
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [orders.o_totalprice DESC, orders.o_orderdate ASC], limit: 100, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [customer.c_name, customer.c_custkey, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_orderdate, orders.o_totalprice, sum(lineitem.l_quantity), Vnode(orders.o_orderkey) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 2, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: all } { left table: 3, right table: 5, left degree table: 4, right degree table: 6 }
+            └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                ├── left table: 3
+                ├── right table: 5
+                ├── left degree table: 4
+                ├── right degree table: 6
                 ├── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: orders.o_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey, output: [customer.c_custkey, customer.c_name, orders.o_orderkey, orders.o_totalprice, orders.o_orderdate, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
                 │   ├── left table: 7
                 │   ├── right table: 9
@@ -3836,12 +3841,12 @@
 
     Table 3
     ├── columns: [ customer_c_custkey, customer_c_name, orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_totalprice, orders_o_orderdate, lineitem_l_quantity, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_custkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ orders_o_orderkey, customer_c_custkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -3944,7 +3949,7 @@
       └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum(sum($expr1)), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1)] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [(lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [(lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey] }
               └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#52':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'SM CASE':Varchar, 'SM BOX':Varchar, 'SM PACK':Varchar, 'SM PKG':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 1:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 11:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 5:Int32)) OR (((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#24':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'MED BAG':Varchar, 'MED BOX':Varchar, 'MED PKG':Varchar, 'MED PACK':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 30:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 40:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 10:Int32))) OR (((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#32':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'LG CASE':Varchar, 'LG BOX':Varchar, 'LG PACK':Varchar, 'LG PKG':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 10:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 20:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 15:Int32))) }
                 └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: all }
                   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_partkey) }
@@ -3967,7 +3972,7 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum($expr1)] }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [(lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, part.p_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [(lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - lineitem.l_discount)) as $expr1, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_partkey] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (((((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#52':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'SM CASE':Varchar, 'SM BOX':Varchar, 'SM PACK':Varchar, 'SM PKG':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 1:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 11:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 5:Int32)) OR (((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#24':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'MED BAG':Varchar, 'MED BOX':Varchar, 'MED PKG':Varchar, 'MED PACK':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 30:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 40:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 10:Int32))) OR (((((part.p_brand = 'Brand#32':Varchar) AND In(part.p_container, 'LG CASE':Varchar, 'LG BOX':Varchar, 'LG PACK':Varchar, 'LG PKG':Varchar)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity >= 10:Decimal)) AND (lineitem.l_quantity <= 20:Decimal)) AND (part.p_size <= 15:Int32))) }
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: lineitem.l_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: all } { left table: 1, right table: 3, left degree table: 2, right degree table: 4 }
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
@@ -4064,13 +4069,13 @@
                           └─BatchFilter { predicate: (lineitem.l_shipdate >= '1994-01-01':Date) AND (lineitem.l_shipdate < '1995-01-01 00:00:00':Timestamp) }
                             └─BatchScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, lineitem.l_quantity, lineitem.l_shipdate], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
       └─StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_name ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_name ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr3] }
-              └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr3] }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
                 ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
                 │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
                 │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
@@ -4080,7 +4085,7 @@
                 │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (nation.n_name = 'KENYA':Varchar) }
                 │         └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_suppkey) }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: partsupp.ps_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: partsupp.ps_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
                     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(partsupp.ps_partkey) }
                     │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [partsupp.ps_partkey, partsupp.ps_suppkey, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
                     │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2) }
@@ -4100,16 +4105,16 @@
                           └─StreamTableScan { table: part, columns: [part.p_partkey, part.p_name], pk: [part.p_partkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(part.p_partkey) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), nation.n_nationkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [], pk_columns: [s_name], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
         └── StreamTopN { order: [supplier.s_name ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 } { state table: 0 }
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [supplier.s_name ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey, Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr3] }
-        └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, Vnode(supplier.s_suppkey) as $expr3] }
+        └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = partsupp.ps_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
             ├── left table: 2
             ├── right table: 4
             ├── left degree table: 3
@@ -4136,7 +4141,7 @@
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 5
-    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: partsupp.ps_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey, lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: partsupp.ps_partkey = part.p_partkey, output: [partsupp.ps_suppkey, partsupp.ps_partkey] }
     ├── left table: 12
     ├── right table: 14
     ├── left degree table: 13
@@ -4154,7 +4159,10 @@
             ├── right degree table: 19
             ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 7
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(lineitem.l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 21, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_partkey, lineitem.l_suppkey], aggs: [sum(lineitem.l_quantity), count] }
+                    ├── intermediate state table: 21
+                    ├── state tables: []
+                    ├── distinct tables: []
                     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 8
 
     Fragment 7
@@ -4179,23 +4187,17 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr3 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr3 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr3 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
-    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-    └── vnode column idx: 5
+    Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, $expr3 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 4 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $4 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey, nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_suppkey, partsupp_ps_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, supplier_s_name, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -4209,9 +4211,9 @@
 
     Table 11 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 12 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 12 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, lineitem_l_partkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ partsupp_ps_partkey, partsupp_ps_suppkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ part_p_partkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -4233,7 +4235,7 @@
 
     Table 23 { columns: [ vnode, p_partkey, part_backfill_finished, part_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
 - id: tpch_q21
   before:
@@ -4349,7 +4351,7 @@
             └─StreamProject { exprs: [supplier.s_name, count, Vnode(supplier.s_name) as $expr1] }
               └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [supplier.s_name], aggs: [count] }
                 └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_name) }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND (lineitem.l_suppkey <> lineitem.l_suppkey), output: [supplier.s_name, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND (lineitem.l_suppkey <> lineitem.l_suppkey), output: [supplier.s_name, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_orderkey] }
                     ├─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND (lineitem.l_suppkey <> lineitem.l_suppkey), output: all }
                     │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
                     │ │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = lineitem.l_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_name, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_suppkey, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
@@ -4396,7 +4398,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND (lineitem.l_suppkey <> lineitem.l_suppkey), output: [supplier.s_name, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber] }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: lineitem.l_orderkey = lineitem.l_orderkey AND (lineitem.l_suppkey <> lineitem.l_suppkey), output: [supplier.s_name, nation.n_nationkey, supplier.s_suppkey, orders.o_orderkey, lineitem.l_linenumber, lineitem.l_orderkey] }
     ├── left table: 3
     ├── right table: 5
     ├── left degree table: 4
@@ -4501,9 +4503,9 @@
 
     Table 12 { columns: [ supplier_s_suppkey, nation_n_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 13 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 13 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 14 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 14 { columns: [ lineitem_l_suppkey, orders_o_orderkey, lineitem_l_linenumber, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 15 { columns: [ nation_n_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
index e476722be5a18..eaaa1f8e5c8d5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
           └─BatchSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, p_partkey#1, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, p_partkey#1, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
       │ └─StreamShare { id: 26 }
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
                             └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, p_partkey#1, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, p_partkey#1, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
 
     Table 43 { columns: [ n_regionkey, _row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $17 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 14 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 13 }
 
 - id: tpch_q5
   before:
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, sum($expr1)] }
       └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name], aggs: [sum($expr1), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_name) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, (l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) as $expr1, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, c_nationkey, n_nationkey] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, (l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) as $expr1, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, n_nationkey] }
             └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey AND n_nationkey = c_nationkey, output: [l_extendedprice, l_discount, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, c_nationkey] }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey, n_nationkey) }
               │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, (l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) as $expr1, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, c_nationkey, n_nationkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, (l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) as $expr1, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, n_nationkey] }
     └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey AND n_nationkey = c_nationkey, output: [l_extendedprice, l_discount, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_custkey, _row_id, _row_id, l_suppkey, o_orderkey, c_nationkey] }
         ├── left table: 1
         ├── right table: 3
@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, $expr1, RoundDigit(sum($expr2), 2:Int32) as $expr3] }
       └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [n_name, $expr1], aggs: [sum($expr2), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_name, $expr1) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) - (ps_supplycost * l_quantity)) as $expr2, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, s_suppkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) - (ps_supplycost * l_quantity)) as $expr2, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey] }
             └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = l_partkey AND ps_suppkey = l_suppkey AND ps_partkey = l_partkey AND ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, ps_supplycost, o_orderdate, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, s_suppkey] }
               ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
               │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] }
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) - (ps_supplycost * l_quantity)) as $expr2, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, s_suppkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [n_name, Extract('YEAR':Varchar, o_orderdate) as $expr1, ((l_extendedprice * (1:Decimal - l_discount)) - (ps_supplycost * l_quantity)) as $expr2, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey] }
     └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = l_partkey AND ps_suppkey = l_suppkey AND ps_partkey = l_partkey AND ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, ps_supplycost, o_orderdate, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, p_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, o_orderkey, s_suppkey] }
         ├── left table: 1
         ├── right table: 3
@@ -1911,9 +1911,9 @@
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ s_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id_0, s_nationkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 2 { columns: [ ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey_0, ps_suppkey_0 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 2 { columns: [ ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey_0, ps_suppkey_0 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 3 { columns: [ ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey_0, ps_suppkey_0, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 5 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml
index 208eec58ecdba..867855fe7b44d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/with_ordinality.yaml
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, foo, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, foo, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ordinality, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, a, ord, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
       └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@
                   └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
                     └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, arr_2, ordinality_2, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden), t.arr#1(hidden), projected_row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr, t.arr#1, projected_row_id#1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, arr, t.arr#1, projected_row_id#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr2, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
-      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, ordinality, arr_2, ordinality_2, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden), projected_row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr, projected_row_id#1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr, projected_row_id#1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr2, t._row_id, projected_row_id, projected_row_id] }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), $expr1, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
         ├─StreamShare { id: 8 }
-        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
         │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
         │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
         │     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
           └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
             └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
               └─StreamShare { id: 8 }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), (projected_row_id + 1:Int64) as $expr1, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
                   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, projected_row_id, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id] }
                     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
                     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
index 9429e29b968ea..95bee8413f56f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
@@ -91,8 +91,10 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        let _left_len = self.left.schema().len();
-        let _right_len = self.right.schema().len();
+        let left_len = self.left.schema().len();
+        let right_len = self.right.schema().len();
+        let eq_predicate = EqJoinPredicate::create(left_len, right_len, self.on.clone());
+
         let left_pk = self.left.stream_key()?;
         let right_pk = self.right.stream_key()?;
         let l2i = self.l2i_col_mapping();
@@ -100,65 +102,77 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
         let full_out_col_num = self.internal_column_num();
         let i2o = ColIndexMapping::with_remaining_columns(&self.output_indices, full_out_col_num);
 
-        let pk_indices = left_pk
+        let mut pk_indices = left_pk
             .iter()
             .map(|index| l2i.try_map(*index))
             .chain(right_pk.iter().map(|index| r2i.try_map(*index)))
             .flatten()
             .map(|index| i2o.try_map(index))
-            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>();
+            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?;
 
         // NOTE(st1page): add join keys in the pk_indices a work around before we really have stream
         // key.
-        pk_indices.and_then(|mut pk_indices: Vec<usize>| {
-            let left_len = self.left.schema().len();
-            let right_len = self.right.schema().len();
-            let eq_predicate = EqJoinPredicate::create(left_len, right_len, self.on.clone());
-
-            let l2i = self.l2i_col_mapping();
-            let r2i = self.r2i_col_mapping();
-            let full_out_col_num = self.internal_column_num();
-            let i2o =
-                ColIndexMapping::with_remaining_columns(&self.output_indices, full_out_col_num);
-
-            let either_or_both = self.add_which_join_key_to_pk();
-
-            for (lk, rk) in eq_predicate.eq_indexes() {
-                match either_or_both {
-                    EitherOrBoth::Left(_) => {
-                        if let Some(lk) = l2i.try_map(lk) {
-                            let out_k = i2o.try_map(lk)?;
-                            if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
-                                pk_indices.push(out_k);
-                            }
+        let l2i = self.l2i_col_mapping();
+        let r2i = self.r2i_col_mapping();
+        let full_out_col_num = self.internal_column_num();
+        let i2o = ColIndexMapping::with_remaining_columns(&self.output_indices, full_out_col_num);
+
+        let either_or_both = self.add_which_join_key_to_pk();
+
+        for (lk, rk) in eq_predicate.eq_indexes() {
+            match either_or_both {
+                EitherOrBoth::Left(_) => {
+                    // Remove right-side join-key column it from pk_indices.
+                    // This may happen when right-side join-key is included in right-side PK.
+                    // e.g. select a, b where a.bid = b.id
+                    // Here the pk_indices should be [a.id, a.bid] instead of [a.id, b.id, a.bid],
+                    // because b.id = a.bid, so either of them would be enough.
+                    if let Some(rk) = r2i.try_map(rk) {
+                        if let Some(out_k) = i2o.try_map(rk) {
+                            pk_indices.retain(|&x| x != out_k);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Add left-side join-key column in pk_indices
+                    if let Some(lk) = l2i.try_map(lk) {
+                        let out_k = i2o.try_map(lk)?;
+                        if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
+                            pk_indices.push(out_k);
                         }
                     }
-                    EitherOrBoth::Right(_) => {
-                        if let Some(rk) = r2i.try_map(rk) {
-                            let out_k = i2o.try_map(rk)?;
-                            if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
-                                pk_indices.push(out_k);
-                            }
+                }
+                EitherOrBoth::Right(_) => {
+                    // Remove left-side join-key column it from pk_indices
+                    // See the example above
+                    if let Some(lk) = l2i.try_map(lk) {
+                        if let Some(out_k) = i2o.try_map(lk) {
+                            pk_indices.retain(|&x| x != out_k);
                         }
                     }
-                    EitherOrBoth::Both(_, _) => {
-                        if let Some(lk) = l2i.try_map(lk) {
-                            let out_k = i2o.try_map(lk)?;
-                            if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
-                                pk_indices.push(out_k);
-                            }
+                    // Add right-side join-key column in pk_indices
+                    if let Some(rk) = r2i.try_map(rk) {
+                        let out_k = i2o.try_map(rk)?;
+                        if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
+                            pk_indices.push(out_k);
                         }
-                        if let Some(rk) = r2i.try_map(rk) {
-                            let out_k = i2o.try_map(rk)?;
-                            if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
-                                pk_indices.push(out_k);
-                            }
+                    }
+                }
+                EitherOrBoth::Both(_, _) => {
+                    if let Some(lk) = l2i.try_map(lk) {
+                        let out_k = i2o.try_map(lk)?;
+                        if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
+                            pk_indices.push(out_k);
                         }
                     }
-                };
-            }
-            Some(pk_indices)
-        })
+                    if let Some(rk) = r2i.try_map(rk) {
+                        let out_k = i2o.try_map(rk)?;
+                        if !pk_indices.contains(&out_k) {
+                            pk_indices.push(out_k);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        Some(pk_indices)
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {

From b441341d3ced9cb155de2a1b9a5dabe67a9f7c2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 14:36:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 328/430] chore(deps): bump rdkafka to v0.34.0 and librdkafka
 to v2.2.0 (#11232)

Signed-off-by: Runji Wang <wangrunji0408@163.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 10 ++++++----
 Cargo.toml                    |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a052c981682c2..dccda78d5bb4e 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4541,8 +4541,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-rdkafka"
-version = "0.2.22"
-source = "git+https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git?rev=fedb1e3#fedb1e3a0a8758650c9e15076941c999150bdb31"
+version = "0.3.0+0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "00f9ab2d0545a55e4f209fc72c180a7e7b45a4e7baee7b4994c4628a877c5525"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel",
  "async-trait",
@@ -6616,8 +6617,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rdkafka-sys"
-version = "4.3.0+1.9.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/MaterializeInc/rust-rdkafka?rev=8ea07c4#8ea07c4d2b96636ff093e670bc921892aee0d56a"
+version = "4.6.0+2.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ad63c279fca41a27c231c450a2d2ad18288032e9cbb159ad16c9d96eba35aaaf"
 dependencies = [
  "cmake",
  "libc",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 8c7030ed0d619..81d914b416d17 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ aws-types = "0.55"
 etcd-client = { package = "madsim-etcd-client", version = "0.4" }
 futures-async-stream = "0.2"
 hytra = "0.1"
-rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = [
+rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", version = "0.3.0", features = [
   "cmake-build",
 ] }
 hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index c5fe625a0c65f..15d296b56b5b3 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ lexical-write-integer = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features =
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
 lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["kv_unstable", "std"] }
-madsim-rdkafka = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/madsim.git", rev = "fedb1e3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
+madsim-rdkafka = { version = "0.3", features = ["cmake-build", "gssapi", "ssl-vendored", "zstd"] }
 madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
 md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }

From ec60ee2f711f13a4b41b067163fe25ac32a324d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 20:19:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 329/430] fix(connector): add connector sink metric back
 (#12812)

---
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index 0c42bbe3a3663..b694696842746 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ use crate::sink::coordinate::CoordinatedSinkWriter;
 use crate::sink::encoder::TimestampHandlingMode;
 use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
-    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkParam,
-    SinkWriterParam,
+    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkCommitCoordinator, SinkError, SinkMetrics,
+    SinkParam, SinkWriterParam,
 };
 use crate::ConnectorParams;
 
@@ -106,11 +106,13 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for RemoteSink<R> {
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = R::SINK_NAME;
 
     async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
-        Ok(
-            RemoteSinkWriter::new(self.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params)
-                .await?
-                .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics),
+        Ok(RemoteSinkWriter::new(
+            self.param.clone(),
+            writer_param.connector_params,
+            writer_param.sink_metrics.clone(),
         )
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -224,8 +226,12 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for CoordinatedRemoteSink<R> {
                     "sink needs coordination should not have singleton input"
                 ))
             })?,
-            CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter::new(self.0.param.clone(), writer_param.connector_params)
-                .await?,
+            CoordinatedRemoteSinkWriter::new(
+                self.0.param.clone(),
+                writer_param.connector_params,
+                writer_param.sink_metrics.clone(),
+            )
+            .await?,
         )
         .await?
         .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
@@ -355,11 +361,16 @@ pub struct RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> {
     payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat,
     stream_handle: SinkWriterStreamJniHandle,
     json_encoder: JsonEncoder,
+    sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
     _phantom: PhantomData<(SM, R)>,
 }
 
 impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
-    pub async fn new(param: SinkParam, connector_params: ConnectorParams) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn new(
+        param: SinkParam,
+        connector_params: ConnectorParams,
+        sink_metrics: SinkMetrics,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let (request_tx, request_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
         let (response_tx, response_rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
 
@@ -440,6 +451,7 @@ impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: connector_params.sink_payload_format,
             json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
+            sink_metrics,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         })
     }
@@ -479,6 +491,7 @@ impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
             json_encoder: JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::String),
             stream_handle,
             payload_format: SinkPayloadFormat::Json,
+            sink_metrics: SinkMetrics::for_test(),
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
@@ -529,9 +542,13 @@ where
     type CommitMetadata = SM;
 
     async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        let cardinality = chunk.cardinality();
+        self.sink_metrics
+            .connector_sink_rows_received
+            .inc_by(cardinality as _);
         let payload = match self.payload_format {
             SinkPayloadFormat::Json => {
-                let mut row_ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.cardinality());
+                let mut row_ops = Vec::with_capacity(cardinality);
                 for (op, row_ref) in chunk.rows() {
                     let map = self.json_encoder.encode(row_ref)?;
                     let row_op = RowOp {

From 3579e74ea9194170fcec8f1f74c4f4aac6b4b2fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 09:36:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 330/430] feat: new fs source (list and fetch) (#12595)

Signed-off-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Co-authored-by: Rossil <40714231+Rossil2012@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: st1page <1245835950@qq.com>
---
 ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh                  |   2 +-
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml                    |  55 ++-
 e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py                   | 158 ++++++++
 proto/stream_plan.proto                       |  20 +
 src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs   |   5 +
 src/connector/src/source/base.rs              |  60 ++-
 .../src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs      |  33 +-
 src/connector/src/source/filesystem/mod.rs    |   4 +-
 .../src/source/filesystem/s3/enumerator.rs    |  58 +--
 src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs |   4 +-
 .../src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/lister.rs     |  66 ++++
 .../src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/mod.rs        |  15 +
 src/connector/src/source/mod.rs               |   1 +
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |  12 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs | 129 ++++++-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   |   4 +
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs    | 125 +++++++
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs       |   7 +
 src/source/src/connector_source.rs            |  71 +++-
 src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs         |   2 +
 src/source/src/lib.rs                         |   1 +
 src/source/src/source_desc.rs                 |  16 +-
 .../src/executor/source/fetch_executor.rs     | 350 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs |   2 +
 .../src/executor/source/list_executor.rs      | 231 ++++++++++++
 src/stream/src/executor/source/mod.rs         |   5 +-
 .../executor/source/state_table_handler.rs    |  19 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/mod.rs              |   1 +
 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs  | 114 ++++++
 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/mod.rs       |  20 +
 .../{source.rs => source/trad_source.rs}      |  20 +-
 33 files changed, 1535 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/lister.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
 create mode 100644 src/stream/src/executor/source/fetch_executor.rs
 create mode 100644 src/stream/src/executor/source/list_executor.rs
 create mode 100644 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
 create mode 100644 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/mod.rs
 rename src/stream/src/from_proto/{source.rs => source/trad_source.rs} (91%)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh b/ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh
index 710ba63b6fd60..9fce76f000e31 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ cargo make ci-start ci-1cn-1fe
 
 echo "--- Run test"
 python3 -m pip install minio psycopg2-binary
-python3 e2e_test/s3/$script.py
+python3 e2e_test/s3/$script
 
 echo "--- Kill cluster"
 cargo make ci-kill
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index a0e05a2b43f3d..349f6d8359f2b 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -290,7 +290,24 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "S3 source check on AWS (json parser)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s json_file"
+    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s run.py"
+    depends_on: build
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF: ci_s3_source_test_aws
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 20
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "S3 source check on AWS (json parser)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s json_file.py"
     depends_on: build
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
@@ -307,7 +324,41 @@ steps:
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "S3 source check on AWS (csv parser)"
-    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s run_csv"
+    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s run_csv.py"
+    depends_on: build
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF: ci_s3_source_test_aws
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "S3_v2 source check on AWS (json parser)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s 'fs_source_v2.py json'"
+    depends_on: build
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF: ci_s3_source_test_aws
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF
+      - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "S3_v2 source check on AWS (csv parser)"
+    command: "ci/scripts/s3-source-test.sh -p ci-release -s 'fs_source_v2.py csv_without_header'"
     depends_on: build
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
diff --git a/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py b/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7ac5d91ad4bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import csv
+import json
+import random
+import psycopg2
+
+from time import sleep
+from io import StringIO
+from minio import Minio
+from functools import partial
+
+def gen_data(file_num, item_num_per_file):
+    assert item_num_per_file % 2 == 0, \
+        f'item_num_per_file should be even to ensure sum(mark) == 0: {item_num_per_file}'
+    return [
+        [{
+            'id': file_id * item_num_per_file + item_id,
+            'name': f'{file_id}_{item_id}',
+            'sex': item_id % 2,
+            'mark': (-1) ** (item_id % 2),
+        } for item_id in range(item_num_per_file)]
+        for file_id in range(file_num)
+    ]
+
+def format_json(data):
+    return [
+        '\n'.join([json.dumps(item) for item in file])
+        for file in data
+    ]
+
+def format_csv(data, with_header):
+    csv_files = []
+
+    for file_data in data:
+        ostream = StringIO()
+        writer = csv.DictWriter(ostream, fieldnames=file_data[0].keys())
+        if with_header:
+            writer.writeheader()
+        for item_data in file_data:
+            writer.writerow(item_data)
+        # For now paser can only handle \n line seperator,
+        # and tailing white spaces are not allowed.
+        # TODO: remove replace and rstrip later
+        csv_files.append(ostream.getvalue().replace('\r', '').rstrip())
+    return csv_files
+
+def do_test(config, file_num, item_num_per_file, prefix, fmt):
+    conn = psycopg2.connect(
+        host="localhost",
+        port="4566",
+        user="root",
+        database="dev"
+    )
+
+    # Open a cursor to execute SQL statements
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+
+    def _table():
+        return f's3_test_{fmt}'
+
+    def _encode():
+        if fmt == 'json':
+            return 'JSON'
+        else:
+            return f"CSV (delimiter = ',', without_header = {str('without' in fmt).lower()})"
+
+    # Execute a SELECT statement
+    cur.execute(f'''CREATE TABLE {_table()}(
+        id int,
+        name TEXT,
+        sex int,
+        mark int,
+    ) WITH (
+        connector = 's3_v2',
+        match_pattern = '{prefix}*.{fmt}',
+        s3.region_name = '{config['S3_REGION']}',
+        s3.bucket_name = '{config['S3_BUCKET']}',
+        s3.credentials.access = '{config['S3_ACCESS_KEY']}',
+        s3.credentials.secret = '{config['S3_SECRET_KEY']}',
+        s3.endpoint_url = 'https://{config['S3_ENDPOINT']}'
+    ) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE {_encode()};''')
+
+    total_rows = file_num * item_num_per_file
+    MAX_RETRIES = 40
+    for retry_no in range(MAX_RETRIES):
+        cur.execute(f'select count(*) from {_table()}')
+        result = cur.fetchone()
+        if result[0] == total_rows:
+            break
+        print(f"[retry {retry_no}] Now got {result[0]} rows in table, {total_rows} expected, wait 30s")
+        sleep(30)
+
+    stmt = f'select count(*), sum(id), sum(sex), sum(mark) from {_table()}'
+    print(f'Execute {stmt}')
+    cur.execute(stmt)
+    result = cur.fetchone()
+
+    print('Got:', result)
+
+    def _assert_eq(field, got, expect):
+        assert got == expect, f'{field} assertion failed: got {got}, expect {expect}.'
+
+    _assert_eq('count(*)', result[0], total_rows)
+    _assert_eq('sum(id)', result[1], (total_rows - 1) * total_rows / 2)
+    _assert_eq('sum(sex)', result[2], total_rows / 2)
+    _assert_eq('sum(mark)', result[3], 0)
+
+    print('Test pass')
+
+    cur.execute(f'drop table {_table()}')
+    cur.close()
+    conn.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    FILE_NUM = 4001
+    ITEM_NUM_PER_FILE = 2
+    data = gen_data(FILE_NUM, ITEM_NUM_PER_FILE)
+
+    fmt = sys.argv[1]
+    FORMATTER = {
+        'json': format_json,
+        'csv_with_header': partial(format_csv, with_header=True),
+        'csv_without_header': partial(format_csv, with_header=False),
+    }
+    assert fmt in FORMATTER, f"Unsupported format: {fmt}"
+    formatted_files = FORMATTER[fmt](data)
+
+    config = json.loads(os.environ["S3_SOURCE_TEST_CONF"])
+    client = Minio(
+        config["S3_ENDPOINT"],
+        access_key=config["S3_ACCESS_KEY"],
+        secret_key=config["S3_SECRET_KEY"],
+        secure=True,
+    )
+    run_id = str(random.randint(1000, 9999))
+    _local = lambda idx: f'data_{idx}.{fmt}'
+    _s3 = lambda idx: f"{run_id}_data_{idx}.{fmt}"
+
+    # put s3 files
+    for idx, file_str in enumerate(formatted_files):
+        with open(_local(idx), "w") as f:
+            f.write(file_str)
+            os.fsync(f.fileno())
+
+        client.fput_object(
+            config["S3_BUCKET"],
+            _s3(idx),
+            _local(idx)
+        )
+
+    # do test
+    do_test(config, FILE_NUM, ITEM_NUM_PER_FILE, run_id, fmt)
+
+    # clean up s3 files
+    for idx, _ in enumerate(formatted_files):
+        client.remove_object(config["S3_BUCKET"], _s3(idx))
diff --git a/proto/stream_plan.proto b/proto/stream_plan.proto
index 149fba8439db1..683a43ef6e9be 100644
--- a/proto/stream_plan.proto
+++ b/proto/stream_plan.proto
@@ -154,6 +154,21 @@ message StreamSource {
   optional uint32 rate_limit = 9;
 }
 
+// copy contents from StreamSource to prevent compatibility issues in the future
+message StreamFsFetch {
+  uint32 source_id = 1;
+  catalog.Table state_table = 2;
+  optional uint32 row_id_index = 3;
+  repeated plan_common.ColumnCatalog columns = 4;
+  reserved "pk_column_ids";
+  reserved 5;
+  map<string, string> properties = 6;
+  catalog.StreamSourceInfo info = 7;
+  string source_name = 8;
+  // Streaming rate limit
+  optional uint32 rate_limit = 9;
+}
+
 // The executor only for receiving barrier from the meta service. It always resides in the leaves
 // of the streaming graph.
 message BarrierRecvNode {}
@@ -164,6 +179,10 @@ message SourceNode {
   StreamSource source_inner = 1;
 }
 
+message StreamFsFetchNode {
+  StreamFsFetch node_inner = 1;
+}
+
 message SinkDesc {
   reserved 4;
   reserved "columns";
@@ -659,6 +678,7 @@ message StreamNode {
     NoOpNode no_op = 135;
     EowcOverWindowNode eowc_over_window = 136;
     OverWindowNode over_window = 137;
+    StreamFsFetchNode stream_fs_fetch = 138;
   }
   // The id for the operator. This is local per mview.
   // TODO: should better be a uint32.
diff --git a/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs b/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
index cc8e950e42b12..a6aa2082ad141 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/stream_graph_visitor.rs
@@ -147,6 +147,11 @@ fn visit_stream_node_tables_inner<F>(
                     always!(source.state_table, "Source");
                 }
             }
+            NodeBody::StreamFsFetch(node) => {
+                if let Some(source) = &mut node.node_inner {
+                    always!(source.state_table, "FsFetch");
+                }
+            }
 
             // Sink
             NodeBody::Sink(node) => {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
index cef342b201788..a0c0aee86592e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use aws_sdk_s3::types::Object;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
@@ -40,7 +41,9 @@ use super::monitor::SourceMetrics;
 use super::nexmark::source::message::NexmarkMeta;
 use crate::parser::ParserConfig;
 pub(crate) use crate::source::common::CommonSplitReader;
+use crate::source::filesystem::{FsPageItem, S3Properties, S3_V2_CONNECTOR};
 use crate::source::monitor::EnumeratorMetrics;
+use crate::source::S3_CONNECTOR;
 use crate::{
     dispatch_source_prop, dispatch_split_impl, for_all_sources, impl_connector_properties,
     impl_split, match_source_name_str,
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 const SPLIT_TYPE_FIELD: &str = "split_type";
 const SPLIT_INFO_FIELD: &str = "split_info";
+const UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY: &str = "connector";
 
 pub trait TryFromHashmap: Sized {
     fn try_from_hashmap(props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self>;
@@ -296,9 +300,50 @@ pub trait SplitReader: Sized + Send {
 
 for_all_sources!(impl_connector_properties);
 
+impl ConnectorProperties {
+    pub fn is_new_fs_connector_b_tree_map(props: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> bool {
+        props
+            .get(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY)
+            .map(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(S3_V2_CONNECTOR))
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_new_fs_connector_hash_map(props: &HashMap<String, String>) -> bool {
+        props
+            .get(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY)
+            .map(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(S3_V2_CONNECTOR))
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn rewrite_upstream_source_key_hash_map(props: &mut HashMap<String, String>) {
+        let connector = props.remove(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY).unwrap();
+        match connector.as_str() {
+            S3_V2_CONNECTOR => {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    "using new fs source, rewrite connector from '{}' to '{}'",
+                    S3_V2_CONNECTOR,
+                    S3_CONNECTOR
+                );
+                props.insert(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY.to_string(), S3_CONNECTOR.to_string());
+            }
+            _ => {
+                props.insert(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY.to_string(), connector);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl ConnectorProperties {
     pub fn extract(mut props: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
-        const UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY: &str = "connector";
+        if Self::is_new_fs_connector_hash_map(&props) {
+            _ = props
+                .remove(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Must specify 'connector' in WITH clause"))?;
+            return Ok(ConnectorProperties::S3(Box::new(
+                S3Properties::try_from_hashmap(props)?,
+            )));
+        }
+
         let connector = props
             .remove(UPSTREAM_SOURCE_KEY)
             .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Must specify 'connector' in WITH clause"))?;
@@ -504,6 +549,17 @@ pub trait SplitMetaData: Sized {
 /// [`None`] and the created source stream will be a pending stream.
 pub type ConnectorState = Option<Vec<SplitImpl>>;
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct FsFilterCtrlCtx;
+pub type FsFilterCtrlCtxRef = Arc<FsFilterCtrlCtx>;
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait FsListInner: Sized {
+    // fixme: better to implement as an Iterator, but the last page still have some contents
+    async fn get_next_page<T: for<'a> From<&'a Object>>(&mut self) -> Result<(Vec<T>, bool)>;
+    fn filter_policy(&self, ctx: &FsFilterCtrlCtx, page_num: usize, item: &FsPageItem) -> bool;
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use maplit::*;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
index d4328289b547f..85d65f40a3479 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/file_common.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-use risingwave_common::types::JsonbVal;
+use aws_sdk_s3::types::Object;
+use risingwave_common::types::{JsonbVal, Timestamp};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::source::{SplitId, SplitMetaData};
@@ -26,6 +27,16 @@ pub struct FsSplit {
     pub size: usize,
 }
 
+impl From<&Object> for FsSplit {
+    fn from(value: &Object) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: value.key().unwrap().to_owned(),
+            offset: 0,
+            size: value.size() as usize,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl SplitMetaData for FsSplit {
     fn id(&self) -> SplitId {
         self.name.as_str().into()
@@ -55,3 +66,23 @@ impl FsSplit {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct FsPageItem {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub size: i64,
+    pub timestamp: Timestamp,
+}
+
+pub type FsPage = Vec<FsPageItem>;
+
+impl From<&Object> for FsPageItem {
+    fn from(value: &Object) -> Self {
+        let aws_ts = value.last_modified().unwrap();
+        Self {
+            name: value.key().unwrap().to_owned(),
+            size: value.size(),
+            timestamp: Timestamp::from_timestamp_uncheck(aws_ts.secs(), aws_ts.subsec_nanos()),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/mod.rs
index 729fb376ecc6e..8f2587384280b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -16,5 +16,7 @@ pub use s3::{S3FileReader, S3Properties, S3SplitEnumerator, S3_CONNECTOR};
 
 mod file_common;
 pub mod nd_streaming;
-pub use file_common::FsSplit;
+pub use file_common::{FsPage, FsPageItem, FsSplit};
 mod s3;
+pub mod s3_v2;
+pub const S3_V2_CONNECTOR: &str = "s3_v2";
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/enumerator.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/enumerator.rs
index 6ca19e673aa33..7c16c087d14c6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/enumerator.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/enumerator.rs
@@ -12,20 +12,18 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
+use anyhow::Context;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use aws_sdk_s3::client::Client;
-use aws_sdk_s3::error::DisplayErrorContext;
-use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::aws_utils::{default_conn_config, s3_client};
 use crate::source::filesystem::file_common::FsSplit;
 use crate::source::filesystem::s3::S3Properties;
-use crate::source::{SourceEnumeratorContextRef, SplitEnumerator};
+use crate::source::{FsListInner, SourceEnumeratorContextRef, SplitEnumerator};
 
 /// Get the prefix from a glob
-fn get_prefix(glob: &str) -> String {
+pub fn get_prefix(glob: &str) -> String {
     let mut escaped = false;
     let mut escaped_filter = false;
     glob.chars()
@@ -59,11 +57,14 @@ fn get_prefix(glob: &str) -> String {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct S3SplitEnumerator {
-    bucket_name: String,
+    pub(crate) bucket_name: String,
     // prefix is used to reduce the number of objects to be listed
-    prefix: Option<String>,
-    matcher: Option<glob::Pattern>,
-    client: Client,
+    pub(crate) prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub(crate) matcher: Option<glob::Pattern>,
+    pub(crate) client: Client,
+
+    // token get the next page, used when the current page is truncated
+    pub(crate) next_continuation_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -92,53 +93,26 @@ impl SplitEnumerator for S3SplitEnumerator {
             matcher,
             prefix,
             client: s3_client,
+            next_continuation_token: None,
         })
     }
 
     async fn list_splits(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<Self::Split>> {
         let mut objects = Vec::new();
-        let mut next_continuation_token = None;
         loop {
-            let mut req = self
-                .client
-                .list_objects_v2()
-                .bucket(&self.bucket_name)
-                .set_prefix(self.prefix.clone());
-            if let Some(continuation_token) = next_continuation_token.take() {
-                req = req.continuation_token(continuation_token);
-            }
-            let mut res = req
-                .send()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| anyhow!(DisplayErrorContext(e)))?;
-            objects.extend(res.contents.take().unwrap_or_default());
-            if res.is_truncated() {
-                next_continuation_token = Some(res.next_continuation_token.unwrap())
-            } else {
+            let (files, has_finished) = self.get_next_page::<FsSplit>().await?;
+            objects.extend(files);
+            if has_finished {
                 break;
             }
         }
-
-        let matched_objs = objects
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|obj| obj.key().is_some())
-            .filter(|obj| {
-                self.matcher
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .map(|m| m.matches(obj.key().unwrap()))
-                    .unwrap_or(true)
-            })
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        Ok(matched_objs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|obj| FsSplit::new(obj.key().unwrap().to_owned(), 0, obj.size() as usize))
-            .collect_vec())
+        Ok(objects)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use itertools::Itertools;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_get_prefix() {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
index 12701087309e0..464a11f99fc09 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/mod.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct S3Properties {
     #[serde(rename = "s3.credentials.secret", default)]
     pub secret: Option<String>,
     #[serde(rename = "s3.endpoint_url")]
-    endpoint_url: Option<String>,
+    pub endpoint_url: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl SourceProperties for S3Properties {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
index 736e4493d3f55..b1e368a2b409e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3/source/reader.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct S3FileReader {
 
 impl S3FileReader {
     #[try_stream(boxed, ok = Vec<SourceMessage>, error = anyhow::Error)]
-    async fn stream_read_object(
+    pub async fn stream_read_object(
         client_for_s3: s3_client::Client,
         bucket_name: String,
         split: FsSplit,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl S3FileReader {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn get_object(
+    pub async fn get_object(
         client_for_s3: &s3_client::Client,
         bucket_name: &str,
         object_name: &str,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/lister.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/lister.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3c55f23d37f67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/lister.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use aws_sdk_s3::error::DisplayErrorContext;
+use aws_sdk_s3::types::Object;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+use crate::source::filesystem::{FsPageItem, S3SplitEnumerator};
+use crate::source::{FsFilterCtrlCtx, FsListInner};
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FsListInner for S3SplitEnumerator {
+    async fn get_next_page<T: for<'a> From<&'a Object>>(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<(Vec<T>, bool)> {
+        let mut has_finished = false;
+        let mut req = self
+            .client
+            .list_objects_v2()
+            .bucket(&self.bucket_name)
+            .set_prefix(self.prefix.clone());
+        if let Some(continuation_token) = self.next_continuation_token.take() {
+            req = req.continuation_token(continuation_token);
+        }
+        let mut res = req
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(DisplayErrorContext(e)))?;
+        if res.is_truncated() {
+            self.next_continuation_token = res.next_continuation_token.clone();
+        } else {
+            has_finished = true;
+            self.next_continuation_token = None;
+        }
+        let objects = res.contents.take().unwrap_or_default();
+        let matched_objs: Vec<T> = objects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|obj| obj.key().is_some())
+            .filter(|obj| {
+                self.matcher
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|m| m.matches(obj.key().unwrap()))
+                    .unwrap_or(true)
+            })
+            .map(T::from)
+            .collect_vec();
+        Ok((matched_objs, has_finished))
+    }
+
+    fn filter_policy(&self, _ctx: &FsFilterCtrlCtx, _page_num: usize, _item: &FsPageItem) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6fab862daca1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/s3_v2/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod lister;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
index 762af05cd0c96..869b7089ac271 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/mod.rs
@@ -39,5 +39,6 @@ pub mod test_source;
 pub use manager::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType};
 pub use mock_external_table::MockExternalTableReader;
 
+pub use crate::source::filesystem::{S3_CONNECTOR, S3_V2_CONNECTOR};
 pub use crate::source::nexmark::NEXMARK_CONNECTOR;
 pub use crate::source::pulsar::PULSAR_CONNECTOR;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index 7479348c4b80f..d585caf70a920 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::cdc::{
     CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR, MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR, POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR,
 };
 use risingwave_connector::source::datagen::DATAGEN_CONNECTOR;
-use risingwave_connector::source::filesystem::S3_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::nexmark::source::{get_event_data_types_with_names, EventType};
 use risingwave_connector::source::test_source::TEST_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
     SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR, KAFKA_CONNECTOR,
-    KINESIS_CONNECTOR, NATS_CONNECTOR, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR, PULSAR_CONNECTOR,
+    KINESIS_CONNECTOR, NATS_CONNECTOR, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR, PULSAR_CONNECTOR, S3_CONNECTOR,
+    S3_V2_CONNECTOR,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, PbSource, StreamSourceInfo, WatermarkDesc,
@@ -893,6 +893,9 @@ static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, V
                 S3_CONNECTOR => hashmap!(
                     Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Csv, Encode::Json],
                 ),
+                S3_V2_CONNECTOR => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Csv, Encode::Json],
+                ),
                 MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR => hashmap!(
                     Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Bytes],
                     Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
@@ -925,8 +928,9 @@ pub fn validate_compatibility(
         .get(&connector)
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
-                "connector {} is not supported",
-                connector
+                "connector {:?} is not supported, accept {:?}",
+                connector,
+                CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS.keys()
             )))
         })?;
     if connector != KAFKA_CONNECTOR {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
index d2dbcf4787eb0..caf04021755f8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ use std::ops::Bound;
 use std::ops::Bound::{Excluded, Included, Unbounded};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Schema, KAFKA_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_NAME};
-use risingwave_common::error::Result;
-use risingwave_connector::source::DataType;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{
+    ColumnCatalog, ColumnDesc, Field, Schema, KAFKA_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_NAME,
+};
+use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError, TrackingIssue};
+use risingwave_connector::source::{ConnectorProperties, DataType};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::GeneratedColumnDesc;
 
@@ -35,10 +38,13 @@ use super::{
 use crate::catalog::source_catalog::SourceCatalog;
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, ExprType, InputRef};
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream_fs_fetch::StreamFsFetch;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::column_names_pretty;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
-    ColumnPruningContext, PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext, ToStreamContext,
+    ColumnPruningContext, PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext, StreamDedup,
+    ToStreamContext,
 };
+use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, Condition, IndexRewriter};
 
 /// `LogicalSource` returns contents of a table or other equivalent object
@@ -152,6 +158,73 @@ impl LogicalSource {
         Ok(Some(exprs))
     }
 
+    fn rewrite_new_s3_plan(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+        let logical_source = generic::Source {
+            catalog: self.core.catalog.clone(),
+            column_catalog: vec![
+                ColumnCatalog {
+                    column_desc: ColumnDesc::from_field_with_column_id(
+                        &Field {
+                            name: "filename".to_string(),
+                            data_type: DataType::Varchar,
+                            sub_fields: vec![],
+                            type_name: "".to_string(),
+                        },
+                        0,
+                    ),
+                    is_hidden: false,
+                },
+                ColumnCatalog {
+                    column_desc: ColumnDesc::from_field_with_column_id(
+                        &Field {
+                            name: "last_edit_time".to_string(),
+                            data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
+                            sub_fields: vec![],
+                            type_name: "".to_string(),
+                        },
+                        1,
+                    ),
+                    is_hidden: false,
+                },
+                ColumnCatalog {
+                    column_desc: ColumnDesc::from_field_with_column_id(
+                        &Field {
+                            name: "file_size".to_string(),
+                            data_type: DataType::Int64,
+                            sub_fields: vec![],
+                            type_name: "".to_string(),
+                        },
+                        0,
+                    ),
+                    is_hidden: false,
+                },
+            ],
+            row_id_index: None,
+            gen_row_id: false,
+            ..self.core.clone()
+        };
+        let mut new_s3_plan: PlanRef = StreamSource {
+            base: PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+                &logical_source,
+                Distribution::Single,
+                true, // `list` will keep listing all objects, it must be append-only
+                false,
+                FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical_source.column_catalog.len()),
+            ),
+            logical: logical_source,
+        }
+        .into();
+        new_s3_plan = RequiredDist::shard_by_key(3, &[0])
+            .enforce_if_not_satisfies(new_s3_plan, &Order::any())?;
+        new_s3_plan = StreamDedup::new(generic::Dedup {
+            input: new_s3_plan,
+            dedup_cols: vec![0],
+        })
+        .into();
+
+        Ok(new_s3_plan)
+    }
+
     /// `row_id_index` in source node should rule out generated column
     #[must_use]
     fn rewrite_row_id_idx(columns: &[ColumnCatalog], row_id_index: Option<usize>) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -200,14 +273,18 @@ impl LogicalSource {
         }
     }
 
-    fn wrap_with_optional_generated_columns_stream_proj(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+    fn wrap_with_optional_generated_columns_stream_proj(
+        &self,
+        input: Option<PlanRef>,
+    ) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         if let Some(exprs) = &self.output_exprs {
-            let source = StreamSource::new(self.rewrite_to_stream_batch_source());
-            let logical_project = generic::Project::new(exprs.to_vec(), source.into());
+            let source: PlanRef =
+                dispatch_new_s3_plan(self.rewrite_to_stream_batch_source(), input);
+            let logical_project = generic::Project::new(exprs.to_vec(), source);
             Ok(StreamProject::new(logical_project).into())
         } else {
-            let source = StreamSource::new(self.core.clone());
-            Ok(source.into())
+            let source = dispatch_new_s3_plan(self.core.clone(), input);
+            Ok(source)
         }
     }
 
@@ -452,6 +529,16 @@ impl PredicatePushdown for LogicalSource {
 
 impl ToBatch for LogicalSource {
     fn to_batch(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+        if self.core.catalog.is_some()
+            && ConnectorProperties::is_new_fs_connector_b_tree_map(
+                &self.core.catalog.as_ref().unwrap().properties,
+            )
+        {
+            return Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
+                "New S3 connector for batch".to_string(),
+                TrackingIssue::from(None),
+            )));
+        }
         let source = self.wrap_with_optional_generated_columns_batch_proj()?;
         Ok(source)
     }
@@ -459,11 +546,20 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalSource {
 
 impl ToStream for LogicalSource {
     fn to_stream(&self, _ctx: &mut ToStreamContext) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        let mut plan = if self.core.for_table {
-            StreamSource::new(self.rewrite_to_stream_batch_source()).into()
+        let mut plan_prefix: Option<PlanRef> = None;
+        let mut plan: PlanRef;
+        if self.core.catalog.is_some()
+            && ConnectorProperties::is_new_fs_connector_b_tree_map(
+                &self.core.catalog.as_ref().unwrap().properties,
+            )
+        {
+            plan_prefix = Some(self.rewrite_new_s3_plan()?);
+        }
+        plan = if self.core.for_table {
+            dispatch_new_s3_plan(self.rewrite_to_stream_batch_source(), plan_prefix)
         } else {
             // Create MV on source.
-            self.wrap_with_optional_generated_columns_stream_proj()?
+            self.wrap_with_optional_generated_columns_stream_proj(plan_prefix)?
         };
 
         if let Some(catalog) = self.source_catalog()
@@ -490,3 +586,12 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalSource {
         ))
     }
 }
+
+#[inline]
+fn dispatch_new_s3_plan(source: generic::Source, input: Option<PlanRef>) -> PlanRef {
+    if let Some(input) = input {
+        StreamFsFetch::new(input, source).into()
+    } else {
+        StreamSource::new(source).into()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index a4ec6191dedf3..fed912cc480b4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -703,6 +703,7 @@ mod stream_eowc_over_window;
 mod stream_exchange;
 mod stream_expand;
 mod stream_filter;
+mod stream_fs_fetch;
 mod stream_group_topn;
 mod stream_hash_agg;
 mod stream_hash_join;
@@ -787,6 +788,7 @@ pub use stream_eowc_over_window::StreamEowcOverWindow;
 pub use stream_exchange::StreamExchange;
 pub use stream_expand::StreamExpand;
 pub use stream_filter::StreamFilter;
+pub use stream_fs_fetch::StreamFsFetch;
 pub use stream_group_topn::StreamGroupTopN;
 pub use stream_hash_agg::StreamHashAgg;
 pub use stream_hash_join::StreamHashJoin;
@@ -912,6 +914,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_plan_nodes {
             , { Stream, EowcOverWindow }
             , { Stream, EowcSort }
             , { Stream, OverWindow }
+            , { Stream, FsFetch }
         }
     };
 }
@@ -1019,6 +1022,7 @@ macro_rules! for_stream_plan_nodes {
             , { Stream, EowcOverWindow }
             , { Stream, EowcSort }
             , { Stream, OverWindow }
+            , { Stream, FsFetch }
         }
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4a1e449a21ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
+use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
+use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{PbStreamFsFetch, StreamFsFetchNode};
+
+use super::{PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary};
+use crate::catalog::source_catalog::SourceCatalog;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{generic, ExprRewritable, StreamNode};
+use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
+use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct StreamFsFetch {
+    pub base: PlanBase,
+    input: PlanRef,
+    logical: generic::Source,
+}
+
+impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamFsFetch {
+    fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
+        self.input.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
+        Self::new(input, self.logical.clone())
+    }
+}
+impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamFsFetch }
+
+impl StreamFsFetch {
+    pub fn new(input: PlanRef, source: generic::Source) -> Self {
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+            &source,
+            Distribution::SomeShard,
+            source.catalog.as_ref().map_or(true, |s| s.append_only),
+            false,
+            FixedBitSet::with_capacity(source.column_catalog.len()),
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            base,
+            input,
+            logical: source,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_columns(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        self.logical
+            .column_catalog
+            .iter()
+            .map(|column| column.name())
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn source_catalog(&self) -> Option<Rc<SourceCatalog>> {
+        self.logical.catalog.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Distill for StreamFsFetch {
+    fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
+        let columns = self
+            .get_columns()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ele| Pretty::from(ele.to_string()))
+            .collect();
+        let col = Pretty::Array(columns);
+        childless_record("StreamFsFetch", vec![("columns", col)])
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExprRewritable for StreamFsFetch {}
+
+impl StreamNode for StreamFsFetch {
+    fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> NodeBody {
+        // `StreamFsFetch` is same as source in proto def, so the following code is the same as `StreamSource`
+        let source_catalog = self.source_catalog();
+        let source_inner = source_catalog.map(|source_catalog| PbStreamFsFetch {
+            source_id: source_catalog.id,
+            source_name: source_catalog.name.clone(),
+            state_table: Some(
+                generic::Source::infer_internal_table_catalog()
+                    .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
+                    .to_internal_table_prost(),
+            ),
+            info: Some(source_catalog.info.clone()),
+            row_id_index: self.logical.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
+            columns: self
+                .logical
+                .column_catalog
+                .iter()
+                .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
+                .collect_vec(),
+            properties: source_catalog.properties.clone().into_iter().collect(),
+            rate_limit: self
+                .base
+                .ctx()
+                .session_ctx()
+                .config()
+                .get_streaming_rate_limit(),
+        });
+        NodeBody::StreamFsFetch(StreamFsFetchNode {
+            node_inner: source_inner,
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
index f188889189464..a870be1de5840 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamSource {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Source,
+    pub(crate) logical: generic::Source,
 }
 
 impl StreamSource {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
index 93acc73bd7957..2e9e6d1bb01ec 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/stream_graph_formatter.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,12 @@ impl StreamGraphFormatter {
                     self.pretty_add_table(source.get_state_table().unwrap()),
                 ));
             }
+            stream_node::NodeBody::StreamFsFetch(node) if let Some(fetch) = &node.node_inner => {
+                fields.push((
+                    "fs fetch state table",
+                    self.pretty_add_table(fetch.get_state_table().unwrap()),
+                ))
+            }
             stream_node::NodeBody::Materialize(node) => fields.push((
                 "materialized table",
                 self.pretty_add_table(node.get_table().unwrap()),
@@ -304,6 +310,7 @@ impl StreamGraphFormatter {
             stream_node::NodeBody::BarrierRecv(_) |
             stream_node::NodeBody::Values(_) |
             stream_node::NodeBody::Source(_) |
+            stream_node::NodeBody::StreamFsFetch(_) |
             stream_node::NodeBody::NoOp(_) => {}
         };
 
diff --git a/src/source/src/connector_source.rs b/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
index 445bf0f6dbb90..733ba6a8c4a83 100644
--- a/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/connector_source.rs
@@ -18,17 +18,22 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::stream::pending;
 use futures::StreamExt;
+use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnId;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ConnectorError;
-use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, Result};
+use risingwave_common::error::{internal_error, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::select_all;
 use risingwave_connector::dispatch_source_prop;
 use risingwave_connector::parser::{CommonParserConfig, ParserConfig, SpecificParserConfig};
+use risingwave_connector::source::filesystem::{FsPage, FsPageItem, S3SplitEnumerator};
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    create_split_reader, BoxSourceWithStateStream, Column, ConnectorProperties, ConnectorState,
-    SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SplitReader,
+    create_split_reader, BoxSourceWithStateStream, BoxTryStream, Column, ConnectorProperties,
+    ConnectorState, FsFilterCtrlCtx, FsListInner, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext,
+    SourceEnumeratorContext, SplitEnumerator, SplitReader,
 };
+use tokio::time;
+use tokio::time::{Duration, MissedTickBehavior};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct ConnectorSource {
@@ -38,6 +43,15 @@ pub struct ConnectorSource {
     pub connector_message_buffer_size: usize,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct FsListCtrlContext {
+    pub interval: Duration,
+    pub last_tick: Option<time::Instant>,
+
+    pub filter_ctx: FsFilterCtrlCtx,
+}
+pub type FsListCtrlContextRef = Arc<FsListCtrlContext>;
+
 impl ConnectorSource {
     pub fn new(
         properties: HashMap<String, String>,
@@ -74,6 +88,25 @@ impl ConnectorSource {
             .collect::<Result<Vec<SourceColumnDesc>>>()
     }
 
+    pub async fn get_source_list(&self) -> Result<BoxTryStream<FsPage>> {
+        let config = self.config.clone();
+        let lister = match config {
+            ConnectorProperties::S3(prop) => {
+                S3SplitEnumerator::new(*prop, Arc::new(SourceEnumeratorContext::default())).await?
+            }
+            other => return Err(internal_error(format!("Unsupported source: {:?}", other))),
+        };
+
+        Ok(build_fs_list_stream(
+            FsListCtrlContext {
+                interval: Duration::from_secs(60),
+                last_tick: None,
+                filter_ctx: FsFilterCtrlCtx,
+            },
+            lister,
+        ))
+    }
+
     pub async fn stream_reader(
         &self,
         state: ConnectorState,
@@ -147,3 +180,35 @@ impl ConnectorSource {
         })
     }
 }
+
+#[try_stream(boxed, ok = FsPage, error = RwError)]
+async fn build_fs_list_stream(
+    mut ctrl_ctx: FsListCtrlContext,
+    mut list_op: impl FsListInner + Send + 'static,
+) {
+    let mut interval = time::interval(ctrl_ctx.interval);
+    interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
+
+    // controlling whether request for next page
+    fn page_ctrl_logic(_ctx: &FsListCtrlContext, has_finished: bool, _page_num: usize) -> bool {
+        !has_finished
+    }
+
+    loop {
+        let mut page_num = 0;
+        ctrl_ctx.last_tick = Some(time::Instant::now());
+        'inner: loop {
+            let (fs_page, has_finished) = list_op.get_next_page::<FsPageItem>().await?;
+            let matched_items = fs_page
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|item| list_op.filter_policy(&ctrl_ctx.filter_ctx, page_num, item))
+                .collect_vec();
+            yield matched_items;
+            page_num += 1;
+            if !page_ctrl_logic(&ctrl_ctx, has_finished, page_num) {
+                break 'inner;
+            }
+        }
+        interval.tick().await;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs b/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
index 974f0561e0f2d..671f5b99c5bae 100644
--- a/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/fs_connector_source.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+// *** NOTICE: TO BE DEPRECATED *** //
+
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
diff --git a/src/source/src/lib.rs b/src/source/src/lib.rs
index 30c7d90cfe771..1a4f5d5f47280 100644
--- a/src/source/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
+#![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 
 pub use table::*;
 
diff --git a/src/source/src/source_desc.rs b/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
index 4d4b9f9cb5b80..bf28c00e42f1f 100644
--- a/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_connector::parser::SpecificParserConfig;
 use risingwave_connector::source::monitor::SourceMetrics;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct,
+    ConnectorProperties, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceEncode, SourceFormat,
+    SourceStruct,
 };
 use risingwave_connector::ConnectorParams;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbStreamSourceInfo;
@@ -33,12 +34,14 @@ use crate::fs_connector_source::FsConnectorSource;
 pub const DEFAULT_CONNECTOR_MESSAGE_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 16;
 
 /// `SourceDesc` describes a stream source.
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SourceDesc {
     pub source: ConnectorSource,
     pub source_struct: SourceStruct,
     pub columns: Vec<SourceColumnDesc>,
     pub metrics: Arc<SourceMetrics>,
+
+    pub is_new_fs_source: bool,
 }
 
 /// `FsSourceDesc` describes a stream source.
@@ -101,13 +104,19 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
         columns
     }
 
-    pub fn build(self) -> Result<SourceDesc> {
+    pub fn build(mut self) -> Result<SourceDesc> {
         let columns = self.column_catalogs_to_source_column_descs();
 
         let source_struct = extract_source_struct(&self.source_info)?;
         let psrser_config =
             SpecificParserConfig::new(source_struct, &self.source_info, &self.properties)?;
 
+        let is_new_fs_source = ConnectorProperties::is_new_fs_connector_hash_map(&self.properties);
+        if is_new_fs_source {
+            // new fs source requires `connector='s3_v2' but we simply reuse S3 connector`
+            ConnectorProperties::rewrite_upstream_source_key_hash_map(&mut self.properties);
+        }
+
         let source = ConnectorSource::new(
             self.properties,
             columns.clone(),
@@ -120,6 +129,7 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
             source_struct,
             columns,
             metrics: self.metrics,
+            is_new_fs_source,
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/fetch_executor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fetch_executor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3e7ea84bcfcce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fetch_executor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::ops::Bound;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use either::Either;
+use futures::pin_mut;
+use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt};
+use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnId, Schema, TableId};
+use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
+use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
+use risingwave_common::types::{ScalarRef, ScalarRefImpl};
+use risingwave_connector::source::filesystem::FsSplit;
+use risingwave_connector::source::{
+    BoxSourceWithStateStream, SourceContext, SourceCtrlOpts, SplitImpl, SplitMetaData,
+    StreamChunkWithState,
+};
+use risingwave_connector::ConnectorParams;
+use risingwave_source::source_desc::SourceDesc;
+use risingwave_storage::store::PrefetchOptions;
+use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
+
+use crate::executor::stream_reader::StreamReaderWithPause;
+use crate::executor::{
+    expect_first_barrier, ActorContextRef, BoxedExecutor, BoxedMessageStream, Executor, Message,
+    Mutation, PkIndices, PkIndicesRef, SourceStateTableHandler, StreamExecutorError,
+    StreamExecutorResult, StreamSourceCore,
+};
+
+const SPLIT_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 1000;
+
+type SplitBatch = Option<Vec<SplitImpl>>;
+
+pub struct FsFetchExecutor<S: StateStore> {
+    actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
+
+    identity: String,
+
+    schema: Schema,
+
+    pk_indices: PkIndices,
+
+    /// Streaming source for external
+    stream_source_core: Option<StreamSourceCore<S>>,
+
+    /// Upstream list executor.
+    upstream: Option<BoxedExecutor>,
+
+    // control options for connector level
+    source_ctrl_opts: SourceCtrlOpts,
+
+    // config for the connector node
+    connector_params: ConnectorParams,
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> FsFetchExecutor<S> {
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn new(
+        actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
+        stream_source_core: StreamSourceCore<S>,
+        executor_id: u64,
+        upstream: BoxedExecutor,
+        source_ctrl_opts: SourceCtrlOpts,
+        connector_params: ConnectorParams,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            actor_ctx,
+            identity: format!("FsFetchExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            stream_source_core: Some(stream_source_core),
+            upstream: Some(upstream),
+            source_ctrl_opts,
+            connector_params,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_with_new_batch_reader<const BIASED: bool>(
+        splits_on_fetch: &mut usize,
+        state_store_handler: &SourceStateTableHandler<S>,
+        column_ids: Vec<ColumnId>,
+        source_ctx: SourceContext,
+        source_desc: &SourceDesc,
+        stream: &mut StreamReaderWithPause<BIASED, StreamChunkWithState>,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
+        let mut batch = Vec::with_capacity(SPLIT_BATCH_SIZE);
+        'vnodes: for vnode in state_store_handler.state_store.vnodes().iter_vnodes() {
+            let table_iter = state_store_handler
+                .state_store
+                .iter_with_vnode(
+                    vnode,
+                    &(Bound::<OwnedRow>::Unbounded, Bound::<OwnedRow>::Unbounded),
+                    PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+                )
+                .await?;
+            pin_mut!(table_iter);
+
+            while let Some(item) = table_iter.next().await {
+                let row = item?;
+                let split = match row.datum_at(1) {
+                    Some(ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => {
+                        SplitImpl::from(FsSplit::restore_from_json(jsonb_ref.to_owned_scalar())?)
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                batch.push(split);
+
+                if batch.len() >= SPLIT_BATCH_SIZE {
+                    break 'vnodes;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if batch.is_empty() {
+            stream.replace_data_stream(stream::pending().boxed());
+        } else {
+            *splits_on_fetch += batch.len();
+            let batch_reader =
+                Self::build_batched_stream_reader(column_ids, source_ctx, source_desc, Some(batch))
+                    .await?;
+            stream.replace_data_stream(batch_reader);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn build_batched_stream_reader(
+        column_ids: Vec<ColumnId>,
+        source_ctx: SourceContext,
+        source_desc: &SourceDesc,
+        batch: SplitBatch,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<BoxSourceWithStateStream> {
+        source_desc
+            .source
+            .stream_reader(batch, column_ids, Arc::new(source_ctx))
+            .await
+            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)
+    }
+
+    fn build_source_ctx(&self, source_desc: &SourceDesc, source_id: TableId) -> SourceContext {
+        SourceContext::new_with_suppressor(
+            self.actor_ctx.id,
+            source_id,
+            self.actor_ctx.fragment_id,
+            source_desc.metrics.clone(),
+            self.source_ctrl_opts.clone(),
+            self.connector_params.connector_client.clone(),
+            self.actor_ctx.error_suppressor.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
+    async fn into_stream(mut self) {
+        let mut upstream = self.upstream.take().unwrap().execute();
+        let barrier = expect_first_barrier(&mut upstream).await?;
+
+        let mut core = self.stream_source_core.take().unwrap();
+        let mut state_store_handler = core.split_state_store;
+
+        // Build source description from the builder.
+        let source_desc_builder = core.source_desc_builder.take().unwrap();
+
+        let source_desc = source_desc_builder
+            .build()
+            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)?;
+
+        // Initialize state table.
+        state_store_handler.init_epoch(barrier.epoch);
+
+        let mut splits_on_fetch: usize = 0;
+        let mut stream = StreamReaderWithPause::<true, StreamChunkWithState>::new(
+            upstream,
+            stream::pending().boxed(),
+        );
+
+        if barrier.is_pause_on_startup() {
+            stream.pause_stream();
+        }
+
+        // If it is a recovery startup,
+        // there can be file assignments in the state table.
+        // Hence we try building a reader first.
+        Self::replace_with_new_batch_reader(
+            &mut splits_on_fetch,
+            &state_store_handler,
+            core.column_ids.clone(),
+            self.build_source_ctx(&source_desc, core.source_id),
+            &source_desc,
+            &mut stream,
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+
+        while let Some(msg) = stream.next().await {
+            match msg {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!("Fetch Error: {:?}", e);
+                    splits_on_fetch = 0;
+                }
+                Ok(msg) => {
+                    match msg {
+                        // This branch will be preferred.
+                        Either::Left(msg) => {
+                            match &msg {
+                                Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
+                                    if let Some(mutation) = barrier.mutation.as_deref() {
+                                        match mutation {
+                                            Mutation::Pause => stream.pause_stream(),
+                                            Mutation::Resume => stream.resume_stream(),
+                                            _ => (),
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    state_store_handler
+                                        .state_store
+                                        .commit(barrier.epoch)
+                                        .await?;
+
+                                    if let Some(vnode_bitmap) =
+                                        barrier.as_update_vnode_bitmap(self.actor_ctx.id)
+                                    {
+                                        // if _cache_may_stale, we must rebuild the stream to adjust vnode mappings
+                                        let (_prev_vnode_bitmap, cache_may_stale) =
+                                            state_store_handler
+                                                .state_store
+                                                .update_vnode_bitmap(vnode_bitmap);
+
+                                        if cache_may_stale {
+                                            splits_on_fetch = 0;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    if splits_on_fetch == 0 {
+                                        Self::replace_with_new_batch_reader(
+                                            &mut splits_on_fetch,
+                                            &state_store_handler,
+                                            core.column_ids.clone(),
+                                            self.build_source_ctx(&source_desc, core.source_id),
+                                            &source_desc,
+                                            &mut stream,
+                                        )
+                                        .await?;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // Propagate the barrier.
+                                    yield msg;
+                                }
+                                // Receiving file assignments from upstream list executor,
+                                // store into state table and try building a new reader.
+                                Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                                    let file_assignment = chunk
+                                        .data_chunk()
+                                        .rows()
+                                        .map(|row| {
+                                            let filename = row.datum_at(0).unwrap().into_utf8();
+                                            let size = row.datum_at(2).unwrap().into_int64();
+                                            FsSplit::new(filename.to_owned(), 0, size as usize)
+                                        })
+                                        .collect();
+                                    state_store_handler.take_snapshot(file_assignment).await?;
+                                }
+                                _ => unreachable!(),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // StreamChunk from FsSourceReader, and the reader reads only one file.
+                        // If the file read out, replace with a new file reader.
+                        Either::Right(StreamChunkWithState {
+                            chunk,
+                            split_offset_mapping,
+                        }) => {
+                            let mapping = split_offset_mapping.unwrap();
+                            for (split_id, offset) in mapping {
+                                let row = state_store_handler
+                                    .get(split_id.clone())
+                                    .await?
+                                    .expect("The fs_split should be in the state table.");
+                                let fs_split = match row.datum_at(1) {
+                                    Some(ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => {
+                                        FsSplit::restore_from_json(jsonb_ref.to_owned_scalar())?
+                                    }
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                };
+
+                                if offset.parse::<usize>().unwrap() >= fs_split.size {
+                                    splits_on_fetch -= 1;
+                                    state_store_handler.delete(split_id).await?;
+                                } else {
+                                    state_store_handler
+                                        .set(split_id, fs_split.encode_to_json())
+                                        .await?;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> Executor for FsFetchExecutor<S> {
+    fn execute(self: Box<Self>) -> BoxedMessageStream {
+        self.into_stream().boxed()
+    }
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn pk_indices(&self) -> PkIndicesRef<'_> {
+        &self.pk_indices
+    }
+
+    fn identity(&self) -> &str {
+        self.identity.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> Debug for FsFetchExecutor<S> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(core) = &self.stream_source_core {
+            f.debug_struct("FsFetchExecutor")
+                .field("source_id", &core.source_id)
+                .field("column_ids", &core.column_ids)
+                .field("pk_indices", &self.pk_indices)
+                .finish()
+        } else {
+            f.debug_struct("FsFetchExecutor").finish()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
index ae77adb427e23..bba0e30eb5712 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/fs_source_executor.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+// *** NOTICE: TO BE DEPRECATED *** //
+
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/list_executor.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/list_executor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..53e8854594ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/list_executor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use either::Either;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+use risingwave_common::array::Op;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::SystemParamsReaderRef;
+use risingwave_connector::source::filesystem::FsPage;
+use risingwave_connector::source::{BoxTryStream, SourceCtrlOpts};
+use risingwave_connector::ConnectorParams;
+use risingwave_source::source_desc::{SourceDesc, SourceDescBuilder};
+use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
+
+use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorError;
+use crate::executor::monitor::StreamingMetrics;
+use crate::executor::stream_reader::StreamReaderWithPause;
+use crate::executor::*;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct FsListExecutor<S: StateStore> {
+    actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
+
+    identity: String,
+
+    schema: Schema,
+
+    pk_indices: PkIndices,
+
+    /// Streaming source for external
+    stream_source_core: Option<StreamSourceCore<S>>,
+
+    /// Metrics for monitor.
+    metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
+
+    /// Receiver of barrier channel.
+    barrier_receiver: Option<UnboundedReceiver<Barrier>>,
+
+    /// System parameter reader to read barrier interval
+    system_params: SystemParamsReaderRef,
+
+    // control options for connector level
+    source_ctrl_opts: SourceCtrlOpts,
+
+    // config for the connector node
+    connector_params: ConnectorParams,
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> FsListExecutor<S> {
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn new(
+        actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: PkIndices,
+        stream_source_core: Option<StreamSourceCore<S>>,
+        metrics: Arc<StreamingMetrics>,
+        barrier_receiver: UnboundedReceiver<Barrier>,
+        system_params: SystemParamsReaderRef,
+        executor_id: u64,
+        source_ctrl_opts: SourceCtrlOpts,
+        connector_params: ConnectorParams,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            actor_ctx,
+            identity: format!("FsListExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            stream_source_core,
+            metrics,
+            barrier_receiver: Some(barrier_receiver),
+            system_params,
+            source_ctrl_opts,
+            connector_params,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn build_chunked_paginate_stream(
+        &self,
+        source_desc: &SourceDesc,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<BoxTryStream<StreamChunk>> {
+        let stream = source_desc
+            .source
+            .get_source_list()
+            .await
+            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)?;
+
+        Ok(stream
+            .map(|item| item.map(Self::map_fs_page_to_chunk))
+            .boxed())
+    }
+
+    fn map_fs_page_to_chunk(page: FsPage) -> StreamChunk {
+        let rows = page
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|split| {
+                (
+                    Op::Insert,
+                    OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                        Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(split.name.into_boxed_str())),
+                        Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamp(split.timestamp)),
+                        Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(split.size)),
+                    ]),
+                )
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        StreamChunk::from_rows(
+            &rows,
+            &[DataType::Varchar, DataType::Timestamp, DataType::Int64],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[try_stream(ok = Message, error = StreamExecutorError)]
+    async fn into_stream(mut self) {
+        let mut barrier_receiver = self.barrier_receiver.take().unwrap();
+        let barrier = barrier_receiver
+            .recv()
+            .instrument_await("source_recv_first_barrier")
+            .await
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                anyhow!(
+                    "failed to receive the first barrier, actor_id: {:?}, source_id: {:?}",
+                    self.actor_ctx.id,
+                    self.stream_source_core.as_ref().unwrap().source_id
+                )
+            })?;
+
+        let mut core = self.stream_source_core.unwrap();
+
+        // Build source description from the builder.
+        let source_desc_builder: SourceDescBuilder = core.source_desc_builder.take().unwrap();
+        let source_desc = source_desc_builder
+            .build()
+            .map_err(StreamExecutorError::connector_error)?;
+
+        // Return the ownership of `stream_source_core` to the source executor.
+        self.stream_source_core = Some(core);
+
+        let chunked_paginate_stream = self.build_chunked_paginate_stream(&source_desc).await?;
+
+        let barrier_stream = barrier_to_message_stream(barrier_receiver).boxed();
+        let mut stream =
+            StreamReaderWithPause::<true, _>::new(barrier_stream, chunked_paginate_stream);
+
+        if barrier.is_pause_on_startup() {
+            stream.pause_stream();
+        }
+
+        yield Message::Barrier(barrier);
+
+        while let Some(msg) = stream.next().await {
+            match msg {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::warn!("encountered an error, recovering. {:?}", e);
+                    // todo: rebuild stream here
+                }
+                Ok(msg) => match msg {
+                    // Barrier arrives.
+                    Either::Left(msg) => match &msg {
+                        Message::Barrier(barrier) => {
+                            if let Some(mutation) = barrier.mutation.as_deref() {
+                                match mutation {
+                                    Mutation::Pause => stream.pause_stream(),
+                                    Mutation::Resume => stream.resume_stream(),
+                                    _ => (),
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Propagate the barrier.
+                            yield msg;
+                        }
+                        // Only barrier can be received.
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                    // Chunked FsPage arrives.
+                    Either::Right(chunk) => {
+                        yield Message::Chunk(chunk);
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> Executor for FsListExecutor<S> {
+    fn execute(self: Box<Self>) -> BoxedMessageStream {
+        self.into_stream().boxed()
+    }
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn pk_indices(&self) -> PkIndicesRef<'_> {
+        &self.pk_indices
+    }
+
+    fn identity(&self) -> &str {
+        self.identity.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: StateStore> Debug for FsListExecutor<S> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(core) = &self.stream_source_core {
+            f.debug_struct("FsListExecutor")
+                .field("source_id", &core.source_id)
+                .field("column_ids", &core.column_ids)
+                .field("pk_indices", &self.pk_indices)
+                .finish()
+        } else {
+            f.debug_struct("FsListExecutor").finish()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/mod.rs
index 1b06120561f51..18f7346777d6b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/mod.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ mod fs_source_executor;
 pub use fs_source_executor::*;
 use risingwave_common::bail;
 pub use state_table_handler::*;
+pub mod fetch_executor;
+pub use fetch_executor::*;
 
 pub mod source_executor;
 
+pub mod list_executor;
 pub mod state_table_handler;
-
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
+pub use list_executor::*;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
 
 use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorError;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
index 85c6d2d780d60..d2226eb93867b 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::ops::{Bound, Deref};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::{pin_mut, StreamExt};
+use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{DatabaseId, SchemaId};
 use risingwave_common::constants::hummock::PROPERTIES_RETENTION_SECOND_KEY;
 use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
@@ -56,6 +58,21 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SourceStateTableHandler<S> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub async fn from_table_catalog_with_vnodes(
+        table_catalog: &PbTable,
+        store: S,
+        vnodes: Option<Arc<Bitmap>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        // The state of source should not be cleaned up by retention_seconds
+        assert!(!table_catalog
+            .properties
+            .contains_key(&String::from(PROPERTIES_RETENTION_SECOND_KEY)));
+
+        Self {
+            state_store: StateTable::from_table_catalog(table_catalog, store, vnodes).await,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn init_epoch(&mut self, epoch: EpochPair) {
         self.state_store.init_epoch(epoch);
     }
@@ -159,7 +176,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SourceStateTableHandler<S> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn delete(&mut self, key: SplitId) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
+    pub async fn delete(&mut self, key: SplitId) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         if let Some(prev_row) = self.get(key).await? {
             self.state_store.delete(prev_row);
         }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/mod.rs
index bdb19f022ec37..2ec9476d0e904 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/mod.rs
@@ -166,5 +166,6 @@ pub async fn create_executor(
         NodeBody::NoOp => NoOpExecutorBuilder,
         NodeBody::EowcOverWindow => EowcOverWindowExecutorBuilder,
         NodeBody::OverWindow => OverWindowExecutorBuilder,
+        NodeBody::StreamFsFetch => FsFetchExecutorBuilder,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ecf242f044b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnId, Field, Schema, TableId};
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_connector::source::SourceCtrlOpts;
+use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::StreamFsFetchNode;
+use risingwave_source::source_desc::SourceDescBuilder;
+use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
+
+use crate::error::StreamResult;
+use crate::executor::{
+    BoxedExecutor, Executor, FsFetchExecutor, SourceStateTableHandler, StreamSourceCore,
+};
+use crate::from_proto::ExecutorBuilder;
+use crate::task::{ExecutorParams, LocalStreamManagerCore};
+
+pub struct FsFetchExecutorBuilder;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl ExecutorBuilder for FsFetchExecutorBuilder {
+    type Node = StreamFsFetchNode;
+
+    async fn new_boxed_executor(
+        params: ExecutorParams,
+        node: &Self::Node,
+        store: impl StateStore,
+        _stream: &mut LocalStreamManagerCore,
+    ) -> StreamResult<BoxedExecutor> {
+        let [upstream]: [_; 1] = params.input.try_into().unwrap();
+
+        let source = node.node_inner.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let source_id = TableId::new(source.source_id);
+        let source_name = source.source_name.clone();
+        let source_info = source.get_info()?;
+
+        let source_desc_builder = SourceDescBuilder::new(
+            source.columns.clone(),
+            params.env.source_metrics(),
+            source.row_id_index.map(|x| x as _),
+            source.properties.clone(),
+            source_info.clone(),
+            params.env.connector_params(),
+            params.env.config().developer.connector_message_buffer_size,
+            params.pk_indices.clone(),
+        );
+
+        let source_ctrl_opts = SourceCtrlOpts {
+            chunk_size: params.env.config().developer.chunk_size,
+        };
+
+        let column_ids: Vec<_> = source
+            .columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|column| ColumnId::from(column.get_column_desc().unwrap().column_id))
+            .collect();
+        let fields = source
+            .columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|prost| {
+                let column_desc = prost.column_desc.as_ref().unwrap();
+                let data_type = DataType::from(column_desc.column_type.as_ref().unwrap());
+                let name = column_desc.name.clone();
+                Field::with_name(data_type, name)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let schema = Schema::new(fields);
+
+        let vnodes = Some(Arc::new(
+            params
+                .vnode_bitmap
+                .expect("vnodes not set for fetch executor"),
+        ));
+        let state_table_handler = SourceStateTableHandler::from_table_catalog_with_vnodes(
+            source.state_table.as_ref().unwrap(),
+            store.clone(),
+            vnodes,
+        )
+        .await;
+        let stream_source_core = StreamSourceCore::new(
+            source_id,
+            source_name,
+            column_ids,
+            source_desc_builder,
+            state_table_handler,
+        );
+
+        Ok(FsFetchExecutor::new(
+            params.actor_context,
+            schema,
+            params.pk_indices,
+            stream_source_core,
+            params.executor_id,
+            upstream,
+            source_ctrl_opts,
+            params.env.connector_params(),
+        )
+        .boxed())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cb83889465a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod trad_source;
+pub use trad_source::SourceExecutorBuilder;
+mod fs_fetch;
+pub use fs_fetch::FsFetchExecutorBuilder;
+
+use super::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
similarity index 91%
rename from src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs
rename to src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
index 77bbcc53e69c5..24b77af41e0f6 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnId, Field, Schema, TableId};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_connector::source::external::{ExternalTableType, SchemaTableName};
-use risingwave_connector::source::SourceCtrlOpts;
+use risingwave_connector::source::{ConnectorProperties, SourceCtrlOpts};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::SourceNode;
 use risingwave_source::source_desc::SourceDescBuilder;
 use risingwave_storage::panic_store::PanicStateStore;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::executor::external::ExternalStorageTable;
-use crate::executor::source::StreamSourceCore;
+use crate::executor::source::{FsListExecutor, StreamSourceCore};
 use crate::executor::source_executor::SourceExecutor;
 use crate::executor::state_table_handler::SourceStateTableHandler;
 use crate::executor::{CdcBackfillExecutor, FlowControlExecutor, FsSourceExecutor};
@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                     .map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase())
                     .unwrap_or_default();
                 let is_fs_connector = FS_CONNECTORS.contains(&connector.as_str());
+                let is_fs_v2_connector =
+                    ConnectorProperties::is_new_fs_connector_hash_map(&source.properties);
 
                 if is_fs_connector {
                     FsSourceExecutor::new(
@@ -129,6 +131,20 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                         source_ctrl_opts,
                     )?
                     .boxed()
+                } else if is_fs_v2_connector {
+                    FsListExecutor::new(
+                        params.actor_context.clone(),
+                        schema.clone(),
+                        params.pk_indices.clone(),
+                        Some(stream_source_core),
+                        params.executor_stats.clone(),
+                        barrier_receiver,
+                        system_params,
+                        params.executor_id,
+                        source_ctrl_opts.clone(),
+                        params.env.connector_params(),
+                    )
+                    .boxed()
                 } else {
                     let source_exec = SourceExecutor::new(
                         params.actor_context.clone(),

From 58e6f9d608694c9ad01ede024194d5d1a3acf5d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 10:51:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 331/430] fix(sink): append-only without `primary_key` should
 not partition by dummy `{}` key (#12810)

---
 .../src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs         |  9 +++++---
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       | 16 +++++++++----
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs               | 23 +++++++------------
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs             | 19 ++++++++-------
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
index ba7d018cd7fbc..523a52dab91bb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ use crate::sink::encoder::RowEncoder;
 use crate::tri;
 
 pub struct AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, VE> {
-    key_encoder: KE,
+    key_encoder: Option<KE>,
     val_encoder: VE,
 }
 
 impl<KE, VE> AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, VE> {
-    pub fn new(key_encoder: KE, val_encoder: VE) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(key_encoder: Option<KE>, val_encoder: VE) -> Self {
         Self {
             key_encoder,
             val_encoder,
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ impl<KE: RowEncoder, VE: RowEncoder> SinkFormatter for AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, V
                 if op != Op::Insert {
                     continue;
                 }
-                let event_key_object = Some(tri!(self.key_encoder.encode(row)));
+                let event_key_object = match &self.key_encoder {
+                    Some(key_encoder) => Some(tri!(key_encoder.encode(row))),
+                    None => None,
+                };
                 let event_object = Some(tri!(self.val_encoder.encode(row)));
 
                 yield Ok((event_key_object, event_object))
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index be153ded9062e..61fe7a830c0a2 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ pub trait SinkFormatter {
     type K;
     type V;
 
+    /// * Key may be None so that messages are partitioned using round-robin.
+    /// For example append-only without `primary_key` (aka `downstream_pk`) set.
+    /// * Value may be None so that messages with same key are removed during log compaction.
+    /// For example debezium tombstone event.
     fn format_chunk(
         &self,
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
@@ -80,11 +84,13 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
 
         match format_desc.format {
             SinkFormat::AppendOnly => {
-                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    Some(pk_indices),
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                );
+                let key_encoder = (!pk_indices.is_empty()).then(|| {
+                    JsonEncoder::new(
+                        schema.clone(),
+                        Some(pk_indices),
+                        TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                    )
+                });
                 let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
                 let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index 274be95f9b94a..ef4efe88e43f8 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -481,14 +481,12 @@ impl<'w> KafkaPayloadWriter<'w> {
         event_object: Option<Vec<u8>>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let topic = self.config.common.topic.clone();
-        // here we assume the key part always exists and value part is optional.
-        // if value is None, we will skip the payload part.
-        let key_str = event_key_object.unwrap();
-        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(topic.as_str()).key(&key_str);
-        let payload;
-        if let Some(value) = event_object {
-            payload = value;
-            record = record.payload(&payload);
+        let mut record = FutureRecord::<[u8], [u8]>::to(topic.as_str());
+        if let Some(key_str) = &event_key_object {
+            record = record.key(key_str);
+        }
+        if let Some(payload) = &event_object {
+            record = record.payload(payload);
         }
         // Send the data but not wait it to finish sinking
         // Will join all `DeliveryFuture` during commit
@@ -737,19 +735,14 @@ mod test {
             },
         ]);
 
-        // We do not specify primary key for this schema
-        let pk_indices = vec![];
         let kafka_config = KafkaConfig::from_hashmap(properties)?;
 
         // Create the actual sink writer to Kafka
         let mut sink = KafkaLogSinker::new(
             kafka_config.clone(),
             SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(
-                JsonEncoder::new(
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    Some(pk_indices),
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                ),
+                // We do not specify primary key for this schema
+                None,
                 JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli),
             )),
         )
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index b1ad198045bf2..741bc1bb1db14 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tokio_retry::Retry;
 
-use super::catalog::{SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
+use super::catalog::SinkFormatDesc;
 use super::SinkParam;
 use crate::common::KinesisCommon;
 use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = KINESIS_SINK;
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        // For upsert Kafka sink, the primary key must be defined.
-        if self.format_desc.format != SinkFormat::AppendOnly && self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
+        // Kinesis requires partition key. There is no builtin support for round-robin as in kafka/pulsar.
+        // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesis/latest/APIReference/API_PutRecord.html#Streams-PutRecord-request-PartitionKey
+        if self.pk_indices.is_empty() {
             return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "primary key not defined for {:?} kafka sink (please define in `primary_key` field)",
-                self.format_desc.format
+                "kinesis sink requires partition key (please define in `primary_key` field)",
             )));
         }
 
@@ -195,9 +195,12 @@ impl FormattedSink for KinesisSinkPayloadWriter {
     type V = Vec<u8>;
 
     async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.put_record(&k.unwrap(), v.unwrap_or_default())
-            .await
-            .map(|_| ())
+        self.put_record(
+            &k.ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Kinesis(anyhow!("no key provided")))?,
+            v.unwrap_or_default(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
     }
 }
 

From f8de4a96364bbf81dfb10ad38e5e283c3e6d85ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 23:56:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 332/430] feat(agg): support `jsonb_agg` and `jsonb_object_agg`
 in streaming mode (#12836)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/jsonb_agg.slt    | 46 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs            |  6 +--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    | 18 ++++++--
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs |  5 +-
 4 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/jsonb_agg.slt

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/jsonb_agg.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/jsonb_agg.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..18cb80cc69085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/aggregate/jsonb_agg.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table t(v1 boolean, v2 int, v3 varchar, v4 jsonb);
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv_tmp as
+select jsonb_agg(v1) as j1 from t;
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv_tmp;
+
+statement ok
+create materialized view mv1 as
+select
+    jsonb_agg(v1 order by v2) as j1,
+    jsonb_agg(v2 order by v2) as j2,
+    jsonb_object_agg(v3, v4) as j3
+from t;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values
+    (null, 2, 'bbb', null),
+    (false, 1, 'ccc', 'null');
+
+query TTT
+select * from mv1;
+----
+[false, null]  [1, 2]  {"bbb": null, "ccc": null}
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values
+    (true, 0, 'bbb', '999'),
+    (true, 8, 'ddd', '{"foo": "bar"}');
+
+query TTT
+select * from mv1;
+----
+[true, false, null, true]  [0, 1, 2, 8]  {"bbb": 999, "ccc": null, "ddd": {"foo": "bar"}}
+
+statement ok
+drop materialized view mv1;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index 39d4c158c10d7..f71bfd454a415 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -308,11 +308,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
     #[macro_export]
     macro_rules! unimplemented_in_stream {
         () => {
-            AggKind::JsonbAgg
-                | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg
-                | AggKind::PercentileCont
-                | AggKind::PercentileDisc
-                | AggKind::Mode
+            AggKind::PercentileCont | AggKind::PercentileDisc | AggKind::Mode
         };
     }
     pub use unimplemented_in_stream;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 107eec5e51b01..2fb251ca89aa6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -412,7 +412,9 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                 | AggKind::FirstValue
                 | AggKind::LastValue
                 | AggKind::StringAgg
-                | AggKind::ArrayAgg => {
+                | AggKind::ArrayAgg
+                | AggKind::JsonbAgg
+                | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg => {
                     // columns with order requirement in state table
                     let sort_keys = {
                         match agg_call.agg_kind {
@@ -425,7 +427,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                             AggKind::FirstValue
                             | AggKind::LastValue
                             | AggKind::StringAgg
-                            | AggKind::ArrayAgg => {
+                            | AggKind::ArrayAgg
+                            | AggKind::JsonbAgg => {
                                 if agg_call.order_by.is_empty() {
                                     me.ctx().warn_to_user(format!(
                                         "{} without ORDER BY may produce non-deterministic result",
@@ -447,6 +450,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                                     })
                                     .collect()
                             }
+                            AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg => agg_call
+                                .order_by
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|o| (o.order_type, o.column_index))
+                                .collect(),
                             _ => unreachable!(),
                         }
                     };
@@ -455,7 +463,11 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                         AggKind::FirstValue
                         | AggKind::LastValue
                         | AggKind::StringAgg
-                        | AggKind::ArrayAgg => agg_call.inputs.iter().map(|i| i.index).collect(),
+                        | AggKind::ArrayAgg
+                        | AggKind::JsonbAgg
+                        | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg => {
+                            agg_call.inputs.iter().map(|i| i.index).collect()
+                        }
                         _ => vec![],
                     };
                     let state = gen_materialized_input_state(sort_keys, include_keys);
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
index 78c7d484385e8..1329f08eb6d99 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/minput.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,10 @@ impl MaterializedInputState {
                     agg_call.args.arg_types(),
                 ))
             }
-            AggKind::StringAgg | AggKind::ArrayAgg => Box::new(GenericAggStateCache::new(
+            AggKind::StringAgg
+            | AggKind::ArrayAgg
+            | AggKind::JsonbAgg
+            | AggKind::JsonbObjectAgg => Box::new(GenericAggStateCache::new(
                 OrderedStateCache::new(),
                 agg_call.args.arg_types(),
             )),

From 0aa9f7ed7fe8af6ea19015b9d8bf271a128d4bee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 13:13:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 333/430] fix(sqlsmith): fix generation of decode (#12855)

---
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs | 11 +++++++++++
 src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs     |  8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
index 3583b820f1204..01cbb0604d262 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/functions.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
                 4 => self.gen_overlay(context),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
+            T::Bytea => self.gen_decode(context),
             _ => match self.rng.gen_bool(0.5) {
                 true => self.gen_case(ret, context),
                 false => self.gen_coalesce(ret, context),
@@ -121,6 +122,16 @@ impl<'a, R: Rng> SqlGenerator<'a, R> {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    fn gen_decode(&mut self, context: SqlGeneratorContext) -> Expr {
+        let input_string = self.gen_expr(&DataType::Varchar, context);
+        let encoding = &["base64", "hex", "escape"].choose(&mut self.rng).unwrap();
+        let args = vec![
+            input_string,
+            Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(encoding.to_string())),
+        ];
+        Expr::Function(make_simple_func("decode", &args))
+    }
+
     fn gen_fixed_func(&mut self, ret: &DataType, context: SqlGeneratorContext) -> Expr {
         let funcs = match FUNC_TABLE.get(ret) {
             None => return self.gen_simple_scalar(ret),
diff --git a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
index ea3c00e45e1da..06d170e604ace 100644
--- a/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
+++ b/src/tests/sqlsmith/src/sql_gen/types.rs
@@ -109,7 +109,10 @@ impl TryFrom<RwCastSig> for CastSig {
 /// effectiveness, e.g. cause it to crash.
 static FUNC_BAN_LIST: LazyLock<HashSet<ExprType>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     [
-        ExprType::Repeat, // FIXME: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8003
+        // FIXME: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8003
+        ExprType::Repeat,
+        // The format argument needs to be handled specially. It is still generated in `gen_special_func`.
+        ExprType::Decode,
     ]
     .into_iter()
     .collect()
@@ -117,6 +120,9 @@ static FUNC_BAN_LIST: LazyLock<HashSet<ExprType>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 
 /// Table which maps functions' return types to possible function signatures.
 // ENABLE: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/5826
+// TODO: Create a `SPECIAL_FUNC` table.
+// Otherwise when we dump the function table, we won't include those functions in
+// gen_special_func.
 pub(crate) static FUNC_TABLE: LazyLock<HashMap<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>> =
     LazyLock::new(|| {
         let mut funcs = HashMap::<DataType, Vec<&'static FuncSign>>::new();

From d64d2fab70b944088d4dc295ac8eed83a902cee1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 14:22:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 334/430] feat(optimizer): improve union stream key (#12837)

---
 .../tests/testdata/input/union.yaml           |  42 ++
 .../tests/testdata/output/share.yaml          |   4 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/union.yaml          | 403 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml      |  18 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs  |   8 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs  |  91 ++--
 6 files changed, 499 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/union.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/union.yaml
index 2d7a005d12e21..8775d4f9d36f2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/union.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/union.yaml
@@ -53,3 +53,45 @@
   expected_outputs:
   - batch_plan
   - optimized_logical_plan_for_batch
+- name: test merged union stream key (2 columns, row_id + src_col)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - batch_plan
+    - stream_plan
+    - stream_dist_plan
+- name: test merged union stream key (5 columns, row_id + src_col + a + b + c)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (c));
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_dist_plan
+- name: test merged union stream key (4 columns, row_id + src_col + a + b)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_dist_plan
+- name: test merged union stream key (3 columns, src_col + a + b)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b, a));
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_dist_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
index 4495a3deeaaf9..2815b00784b1d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
     create table t(a int, b int);
     with cte as (select count(*) from t) select * from cte union all select * from cte;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [count, 0:Int32(hidden)], stream_key: [0:Int32], pk_columns: [0:Int32], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [count, $src(hidden)], stream_key: [$src], pk_columns: [$src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamUnion { all: true }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(0:Int32) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [sum0(count), 0:Int32] }
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
     create table t(a int, b int);
     with cte as (select count(*) from t) select * from cte union all select * from cte;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [count, 0:Int32(hidden)], stream_key: [0:Int32], pk_columns: [0:Int32], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [count, $src(hidden)], stream_key: [$src], pk_columns: [$src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamUnion { all: true }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(0:Int32) }
       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [sum0(count), 0:Int32] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
index bc4c1fd4f1d50..14e7b7e65cb70 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/union.yaml
@@ -10,39 +10,56 @@
     └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
       └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), null:Serial(hidden), 0:Int32(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamUnion { all: true }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, 0:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
       │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
           └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), null:Serial(hidden), 0:Int32(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamUnion { all: true }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5]) from 2
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 1
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
     └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) } { state table: 0 }
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
     └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) } { state table: 1 }
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ a, b, c, t1._row_id, $src ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 3, 4 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
@@ -68,11 +85,11 @@
       └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], aggs: [count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
           └─StreamUnion { all: true }
-            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32) }
-            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, 0:Int32) }
+            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
             │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
@@ -87,18 +104,18 @@
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamUnion { all: true }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5]) from 2
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5]) from 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 3
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
     └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
         ├── state table: 1
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
     └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
         ├── state table: 2
         ├── Upstream
@@ -292,3 +309,347 @@
     └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [1:Int32], aggs: [] }
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
         └─BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32], [2:Int32], [3:Int32], [4:Int32], [5:Int32], [5:Int32]] }
+- name: test merged union stream key (2 columns, row_id + src_col)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchUnion { all: true }
+    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    │ └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    │ └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    │ └─BatchScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+    ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    │ └─BatchScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+    └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+      └─BatchScan { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamUnion { all: true }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, 0:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
+      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3._row_id, 2:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, t3._row_id, 2:Int32] }
+      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4._row_id, 3:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id, 3:Int32] }
+      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t5._row_id, 4:Int32) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5._row_id, 4:Int32] }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5._row_id], pk: [t5._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t5._row_id) }
+  stream_dist_plan: |+
+    Fragment 0
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1._row_id(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamUnion { all: true }
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 1
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 2
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 3
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 4
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 1
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id, 0:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) } { state table: 0 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 2
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id, 1:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) } { state table: 1 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 3
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, t3._row_id, 2:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) } { state table: 2 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 4
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id, 3:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) } { state table: 3 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 5
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5._row_id, 4:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5._row_id], pk: [t5._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t5._row_id) } { state table: 4 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t3_backfill_finished, t3_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t4_backfill_finished, t4_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t5_backfill_finished, t5_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ a, b, c, t1._row_id, $src ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 3, 4 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
+
+- name: test merged union stream key (5 columns, row_id + src_col + a + b + c)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (c));
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  stream_dist_plan: |+
+    Fragment 0
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1.a(hidden), null:Int64(hidden), null:Decimal(hidden), null:Serial(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Int64, null:Serial, $src], pk_columns: [t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Int64, null:Serial, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamUnion { all: true }
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 5, 4, 6, 7]) from 1
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 5, 4, 6, 7]) from 2
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 5, 4, 6, 7]) from 3
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 5, 4, 6, 7]) from 4
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 5, 4, 6, 7]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 1
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1.a, null:Int64, null:Decimal, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 0 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 2
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Int32, null:Int64, t2.b, null:Serial, 1:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.b) } { state table: 1 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 3
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, null:Int32, t3.c, null:Decimal, null:Serial, 2:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c], pk: [t3.c], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3.c) } { state table: 2 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 4
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, null:Int32, null:Int64, null:Decimal, t4._row_id, 3:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) } { state table: 3 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 5
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5.a, null:Int64, t5.b, null:Serial, 4:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c], pk: [t5.a, t5.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t5.a, t5.b) } { state table: 4 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, b, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, c, t3_backfill_finished, t3_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t4_backfill_finished, t4_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, a, b, t5_backfill_finished, t5_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c, t1.a, null:Int64, null:Decimal, null:Serial, $src ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 3, 5, 4, 6, 7 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+
+- name: test merged union stream key (4 columns, row_id + src_col + a + b)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint);
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  stream_dist_plan: |+
+    Fragment 0
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, t1.a(hidden), null:Decimal(hidden), null:Serial(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Serial, $src], pk_columns: [t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Serial, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamUnion { all: true }
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5, 6]) from 1
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5, 6]) from 2
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5, 6]) from 3
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5, 6]) from 4
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4, 5, 6]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 1
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Serial, 0:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 0 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 2
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, null:Int32, t2.b, null:Serial, 1:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.b) } { state table: 1 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 3
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, null:Int32, null:Decimal, t3._row_id, 2:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) } { state table: 2 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 4
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, null:Int32, null:Decimal, t4._row_id, 3:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) } { state table: 3 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 5
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, t5.a, t5.b, null:Serial, 4:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c], pk: [t5.a, t5.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t5.a, t5.b) } { state table: 4 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Table 0 { columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 1 { columns: [ vnode, b, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 2 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t3_backfill_finished, t3_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 3 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t4_backfill_finished, t4_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 4 { columns: [ vnode, a, b, t5_backfill_finished, t5_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ a, b, c, t1.a, null:Decimal, null:Serial, $src ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+
+- name: test merged union stream key (3 columns, src_col + a + b)
+  sql: |
+    create table t1 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a));
+    create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t3 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b));
+    create table t4 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (b, a));
+    create table t5 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key (a, b));
+    select * from t1 union all select * from t2 union all select * from t3 union all select * from t4 union all select * from t5;
+  stream_dist_plan: |+
+    Fragment 0
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c, $src(hidden)], stream_key: [a, b, $src], pk_columns: [a, b, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamUnion { all: true }
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3]) from 1
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3]) from 2
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3]) from 3
+        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3]) from 4
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 1
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, 0:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 0 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 2
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c, 1:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.b) } { state table: 1 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 3
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c, 2:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t3, columns: [t3.a, t3.b, t3.c], pk: [t3.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3.b) } { state table: 2 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 4
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c, 3:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t4, columns: [t4.a, t4.b, t4.c], pk: [t4.b, t4.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4.a, t4.b) } { state table: 3 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Fragment 5
+    StreamProject { exprs: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c, 4:Int32] }
+    └── Chain { table: t5, columns: [t5.a, t5.b, t5.c], pk: [t5.a, t5.b], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t5.a, t5.b) } { state table: 4 }
+        ├── Upstream
+        └── BatchPlanNode
+
+    Table 0
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 1
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, b, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 2
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, b, t3_backfill_finished, t3_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 3
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, b, a, t4_backfill_finished, t4_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 4
+    ├── columns: [ vnode, a, b, t5_backfill_finished, t5_row_count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
+    └── vnode column idx: 0
+
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ a, b, c, $src ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 3 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
+
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
index d1916a33192c6..e4ef42b121528 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@
     create table t2 (ts timestamp with time zone, v1 int, v2 int, watermark for ts as ts - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) append only;
     select * from t1 Union all select * from t2;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [ts, v1, v2, t1._row_id(hidden), null:Serial(hidden), 0:Int32(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [ts] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [ts, v1, v2, t1._row_id(hidden), $src(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, $src], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [ts] }
     └─StreamUnion { all: true, output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
+      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, 0:Int32) }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id, 0:Int32], output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
       │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32], output_watermarks: [t2.ts] }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id, 1:Int32], output_watermarks: [t2.ts] }
           └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: union
   sql: |
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2) }
         └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2], output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
           └─StreamUnion { all: true, output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
-            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32) }
-            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id, null:Serial, 0:Int32], output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, 0:Int32) }
+            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id, 0:Int32], output_watermarks: [t1.ts] }
             │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, null:Serial, t2._row_id, 1:Int32], output_watermarks: [t2.ts] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2._row_id, 1:Int32) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id, 1:Int32], output_watermarks: [t2.ts] }
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: tumble
   sql: |
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
index bc736eed4e153..3e6a5b9b9bab6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/union.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ pub struct Union<PlanRef> {
 
 impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Union<PlanRef> {
     fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.inputs[0].schema().clone()
+        let mut schema = self.inputs[0].schema().clone();
+        if let Some(source_col) = self.source_col {
+            schema.fields[source_col].name = "$src".to_string();
+            schema
+        } else {
+            schema
+        }
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
index 10371fda3c2b0..51e4e620cf4ca 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::cmp::max;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
             rewrites.push(input.logical_rewrite_for_stream(ctx)?);
         }
 
-        let original_schema_contain_all_input_pks =
+        let original_schema_contain_all_input_stream_keys =
             rewrites.iter().all(|(new_input, col_index_mapping)| {
                 let original_schema_new_pos = (0..original_schema_len)
                     .map(|x| col_index_mapping.map(x))
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                     .all(|x| original_schema_new_pos.contains(x))
             });
 
-        if original_schema_contain_all_input_pks {
+        if original_schema_contain_all_input_stream_keys {
             // Add one more column at the end of the original schema to identify the record came
             // from which input. [original_schema + source_col]
             let new_inputs = rewrites
@@ -223,29 +226,45 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
             Ok((new_union.into(), out_col_change))
         } else {
             // In order to ensure all inputs have the same schema for new union, we construct new
-            // schema like that: [original_schema + input1_pk + input2_pk + ... +
-            // source_col]
-            let input_pk_types = rewrites
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|(new_input, _)| {
-                    new_input
-                        .expect_stream_key()
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|x| new_input.schema().fields[*x].data_type())
-                })
-                .collect_vec();
-            let input_pk_nulls = input_pk_types
+            // schema like that: [original_schema + merged_stream_key + source_col]
+            // where merged_stream_key is merged by the types of each input stream key.
+            // If all inputs have the same stream key column types, we have a small merged_stream_key. Otherwise, we will have a large merged_stream_key.
+
+            let (merged_stream_key_types, types_offset) = {
+                let mut max_types_counter = BTreeMap::default();
+                for (new_input, _) in &rewrites {
+                    let mut types_counter = BTreeMap::default();
+                    for x in new_input.expect_stream_key() {
+                        types_counter
+                            .entry(new_input.schema().fields[*x].data_type())
+                            .and_modify(|x| *x += 1)
+                            .or_insert(1);
+                    }
+                    for (key, val) in types_counter {
+                        max_types_counter
+                            .entry(key)
+                            .and_modify(|x| *x = max(*x, val))
+                            .or_insert(val);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let mut merged_stream_key_types = vec![];
+                let mut types_offset = BTreeMap::default();
+                let mut offset = 0;
+                for (key, val) in max_types_counter {
+                    let _ = types_offset.insert(key.clone(), offset);
+                    offset += val;
+                    merged_stream_key_types.extend(std::iter::repeat(key.clone()).take(val));
+                }
+
+                (merged_stream_key_types, types_offset)
+            };
+
+            let input_stream_key_nulls = merged_stream_key_types
                 .iter()
                 .map(|t| ExprImpl::Literal(Literal::new(None, t.clone()).into()))
                 .collect_vec();
-            let input_pk_lens = rewrites
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(new_input, _)| new_input.expect_stream_key().len())
-                .collect_vec();
-            let mut input_pk_offsets = vec![0];
-            for (i, len) in input_pk_lens.into_iter().enumerate() {
-                input_pk_offsets.push(input_pk_offsets[i] + len)
-            }
+
             let new_inputs = rewrites
                 .into_iter()
                 .enumerate()
@@ -262,18 +281,22 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
                             )
                         })
                         .collect_vec();
-                    // input1_pk + input2_pk + ...
-                    let mut input_pks = input_pk_nulls.clone();
-                    for (j, pk_idx) in new_input.expect_stream_key().iter().enumerate() {
-                        input_pks[input_pk_offsets[i] + j] = ExprImpl::InputRef(
-                            InputRef::new(
-                                *pk_idx,
-                                new_input.schema().fields[*pk_idx].data_type.clone(),
-                            )
-                            .into(),
-                        );
+                    // merged_stream_key
+                    let mut input_stream_keys = input_stream_key_nulls.clone();
+                    let mut types_counter = BTreeMap::default();
+                    for stream_key_idx in new_input.expect_stream_key() {
+                        let data_type =
+                            new_input.schema().fields[*stream_key_idx].data_type.clone();
+                        let count = *types_counter
+                            .entry(data_type.clone())
+                            .and_modify(|x| *x += 1)
+                            .or_insert(1);
+                        let type_start_offset = *types_offset.get(&data_type).unwrap();
+
+                        input_stream_keys[type_start_offset + count - 1] =
+                            ExprImpl::InputRef(InputRef::new(*stream_key_idx, data_type).into());
                     }
-                    exprs.extend(input_pks);
+                    exprs.extend(input_stream_keys);
                     // source_col
                     exprs.push(ExprImpl::Literal(
                         Literal::new(Some((i as i32).to_scalar_value()), DataType::Int32).into(),
@@ -285,7 +308,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
             let new_union = LogicalUnion::new_with_source_col(
                 self.all(),
                 new_inputs,
-                Some(original_schema_len + input_pk_types.len()),
+                Some(original_schema_len + merged_stream_key_types.len()),
             );
             // We have already used project to map rewrite input to the origin schema, so we can use
             // identity with the new schema len.

From e1bdf78949c20f4ea9a2484476aa5fc012c90ee3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 14:46:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 335/430] fix(metrics): avoid port in connection metrics label
 (#12860)

---
 src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs b/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
index dbe75087dfa21..0c153a3931098 100644
--- a/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, uri: Uri) -> Self::Future {
-        let endpoint = format!("{:?}:{:?}", uri.host(), uri.port());
+        let endpoint = format!("{:?}", uri.host());
         let monitor = self.monitor.clone();
         self.inner
             .call(uri)
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ where
                 result.map(|conn| {
                     let remote_addr = conn.connect_info().remote_addr();
                     let endpoint = remote_addr
-                        .map(|remote_addr| format!("{}:{}", remote_addr.ip(), remote_addr.port()))
+                        .map(|remote_addr| format!("{}", remote_addr.ip()))
                         .unwrap_or("unknown".to_string());
                     MonitoredConnection::new(conn, monitor.new_connection_monitor(endpoint))
                 })

From ea27579a2e6bfed1a968b567d145fb75685a6f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 16:29:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 336/430] feat(sink): ProtoEncoder and AvroEncoder (#12425)

---
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs  | 900 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs  |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs   |  47 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/proto.rs | 473 +++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs           |   4 +-
 7 files changed, 1424 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/proto.rs

diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 707fb24651995..df51666e30790 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ paste = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
 prost = { version = "0.12", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
 prost-reflect = "0.12"
+prost-types = "0.12"
 protobuf-native = "0.2.1"
 pulsar = { version = "6.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "tokio-runtime",
@@ -138,7 +139,6 @@ workspace-hack = { path = "../workspace-hack" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true, features = ["async_tokio", "async"] }
-prost-types = "0.12"
 rand = "0.8"
 tempfile = "3"
 tracing-test = "0.2"
diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 1fba061555f44..4dd1691b00f89 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(iter_from_generator)]
 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
+#![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 
 use std::time::Duration;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fc2db75eb4c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,900 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use apache_avro::schema::Schema as AvroSchema;
+use apache_avro::types::{Record, Value};
+use apache_avro::Writer;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, StructType};
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::{ZipEqDebug, ZipEqFast};
+
+use super::{FieldEncodeError, Result as SinkResult, RowEncoder, SerTo};
+
+type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, FieldEncodeError>;
+
+pub struct AvroEncoder {
+    schema: Schema,
+    col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    avro_schema: Arc<AvroSchema>,
+}
+
+impl AvroEncoder {
+    pub fn new(
+        schema: Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+        avro_schema: Arc<AvroSchema>,
+    ) -> SinkResult<Self> {
+        match &col_indices {
+            Some(col_indices) => validate_fields(
+                col_indices.iter().map(|idx| {
+                    let f = &schema[*idx];
+                    (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type)
+                }),
+                &avro_schema,
+            )?,
+            None => validate_fields(
+                schema
+                    .fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|f| (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type)),
+                &avro_schema,
+            )?,
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            schema,
+            col_indices,
+            avro_schema,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl RowEncoder for AvroEncoder {
+    type Output = (Value, Arc<AvroSchema>);
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.col_indices.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    fn encode_cols(
+        &self,
+        row: impl Row,
+        col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
+    ) -> SinkResult<Self::Output> {
+        let record = encode_fields(
+            col_indices.map(|idx| {
+                let f = &self.schema[idx];
+                ((f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type), row.datum_at(idx))
+            }),
+            &self.avro_schema,
+        )?;
+        Ok((record.into(), self.avro_schema.clone()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl SerTo<Vec<u8>> for (Value, Arc<AvroSchema>) {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> SinkResult<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut w = Writer::new(&self.1, Vec::new());
+        w.append(self.0)
+            .and_then(|_| w.into_inner())
+            .map_err(|e| crate::sink::SinkError::Encode(e.to_string()))
+    }
+}
+
+enum OptIdx {
+    NotUnion,
+    Single,
+    NullLeft,
+    NullRight,
+}
+
+/// A trait that assists code reuse between `validate` and `encode`.
+/// * For `validate`, the inputs are (RisingWave type, ProtoBuf type).
+/// * For `encode`, the inputs are (RisingWave type, RisingWave data, ProtoBuf type).
+///
+/// Thus we impl [`MaybeData`] for both [`()`] and [`DatumRef`].
+trait MaybeData: std::fmt::Debug {
+    type Out;
+
+    fn on_base(self, f: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+
+    /// Switch to `RecordSchema` after #12562
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+
+    fn handle_union(out: Self::Out, opt_idx: OptIdx) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+}
+
+impl MaybeData for () {
+    type Out = ();
+
+    fn on_base(self, _: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        validate_fields(st.iter(), avro)
+    }
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        encode_field(elem, (), avro)
+    }
+
+    fn handle_union(out: Self::Out, _: OptIdx) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        Ok(out)
+    }
+}
+
+impl MaybeData for DatumRef<'_> {
+    type Out = Value;
+
+    fn on_base(self, f: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        match self {
+            Some(s) => f(s),
+            None => Ok(Value::Null),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        let d = match self {
+            Some(s) => s.into_struct(),
+            None => return Ok(Value::Null),
+        };
+        let record = encode_fields(st.iter().zip_eq_debug(d.iter_fields_ref()), avro)?;
+        Ok(record.into())
+    }
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, avro: &AvroSchema) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        let d = match self {
+            Some(s) => s.into_list(),
+            None => return Ok(Value::Null),
+        };
+        let vs = d
+            .iter()
+            .map(|d| encode_field(elem, d, avro))
+            .try_collect()?;
+        Ok(Value::Array(vs))
+    }
+
+    fn handle_union(out: Self::Out, opt_idx: OptIdx) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        use OptIdx::*;
+
+        match out == Value::Null {
+            true => {
+                let ni = match opt_idx {
+                    NotUnion | Single => {
+                        return Err(FieldEncodeError::new("found null but required"))
+                    }
+                    NullLeft => 0,
+                    NullRight => 1,
+                };
+                Ok(Value::Union(ni, out.into()))
+            }
+            false => {
+                let vi = match opt_idx {
+                    NotUnion => return Ok(out),
+                    NullLeft => 1,
+                    Single | NullRight => 0,
+                };
+                Ok(Value::Union(vi, out.into()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_fields<'rw>(
+    rw_fields: impl Iterator<Item = (&'rw str, &'rw DataType)>,
+    avro: &AvroSchema,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let AvroSchema::Record { fields, lookup, .. } = avro else {
+        return Err(FieldEncodeError::new(format!(
+            "expect avro record but got {}",
+            avro.canonical_form(),
+        )));
+    };
+    let mut present = vec![false; fields.len()];
+    for (name, t) in rw_fields {
+        let Some(&idx) = lookup.get(name) else {
+            return Err(FieldEncodeError::new("field not in avro").with_name(name));
+        };
+        present[idx] = true;
+        let avro_field = &fields[idx];
+        encode_field(t, (), &avro_field.schema).map_err(|e| e.with_name(name))?;
+    }
+    for (p, avro_field) in present.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(fields) {
+        if p {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if !avro_field.is_nullable() {
+            return Err(
+                FieldEncodeError::new("field not present but required").with_name(&avro_field.name)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn encode_fields<'avro, 'rw>(
+    fields_with_datums: impl Iterator<Item = ((&'rw str, &'rw DataType), DatumRef<'rw>)>,
+    schema: &'avro AvroSchema,
+) -> Result<Record<'avro>> {
+    let mut record = Record::new(schema).unwrap();
+    let AvroSchema::Record { fields, lookup, .. } = schema else {
+        unreachable!()
+    };
+    let mut present = vec![false; fields.len()];
+    for ((name, t), d) in fields_with_datums {
+        let idx = lookup[name];
+        present[idx] = true;
+        let avro_field = &fields[idx];
+        let value = encode_field(t, d, &avro_field.schema).map_err(|e| e.with_name(name))?;
+        record.put(name, value);
+    }
+    // Unfortunately, the upstream `apache_avro` does not handle missing fields as nullable correctly.
+    // The correct encoding is `Value::Union(null_index, Value::Null)` but it simply writes `Value::Null`.
+    // See [`tests::test_encode_avro_lib_bug`].
+    for (p, avro_field) in present.into_iter().zip_eq_fast(fields) {
+        if p {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let AvroSchema::Union(u) = &avro_field.schema else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        // We could have saved null index of each field during [`validate_fields`] to avoid repeated lookup.
+        // But in most cases it is the 0th.
+        // Alternatively, we can simplify by enforcing the best practice of `null at 0th`.
+        let ni = u
+            .variants()
+            .iter()
+            .position(|a| a == &AvroSchema::Null)
+            .unwrap();
+        record.put(
+            &avro_field.name,
+            Value::Union(ni.try_into().unwrap(), Value::Null.into()),
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(record)
+}
+
+/// Handles both `validate` (without actual data) and `encode`.
+/// See [`MaybeData`] for more info.
+fn encode_field<D: MaybeData>(
+    data_type: &DataType,
+    maybe: D,
+    expected: &AvroSchema,
+) -> Result<D::Out> {
+    use risingwave_common::types::Interval;
+
+    let no_match_err = || {
+        Err(FieldEncodeError::new(format!(
+            "cannot encode {} column as {} field",
+            data_type,
+            expected.canonical_form()
+        )))
+    };
+
+    if let AvroSchema::Ref { .. } = expected {
+        return Err(FieldEncodeError::new("avro name ref unsupported yet"));
+    }
+
+    // For now, we only support optional single type, rather than general union.
+    // For example, how do we encode int16 into avro `["int", "long"]`?
+    let (inner, opt_idx) = match expected {
+        AvroSchema::Union(union) => match union.variants() {
+            [] => return no_match_err(),
+            [one] => (one, OptIdx::Single),
+            [AvroSchema::Null, r] => (r, OptIdx::NullLeft),
+            [l, AvroSchema::Null] => (l, OptIdx::NullRight),
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        _ => (expected, OptIdx::NotUnion),
+    };
+
+    let value = match &data_type {
+        // Group A: perfect match between RisingWave types and Avro types
+        DataType::Boolean => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Boolean => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Boolean(s.into_bool())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Varchar => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::String => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::String(s.into_utf8().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Bytea => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Bytes => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Bytes(s.into_bytea().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Float32 => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Float => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Float(s.into_float32().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Float64 => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Double => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Double(s.into_float64().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Int32 => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Int => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Int(s.into_int32())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Int64 => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Long => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Long(s.into_int64())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Struct(st) => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Record { .. } => maybe.on_struct(st, inner)?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::List(elem) => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Array(avro_elem) => maybe.on_list(elem, avro_elem)?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        // Group B: match between RisingWave types and Avro logical types
+        DataType::Timestamptz => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::TimestampMicros => maybe.on_base(|s| {
+                Ok(Value::TimestampMicros(
+                    s.into_timestamptz().timestamp_micros(),
+                ))
+            })?,
+            AvroSchema::TimestampMillis => maybe.on_base(|s| {
+                Ok(Value::TimestampMillis(
+                    s.into_timestamptz().timestamp_millis(),
+                ))
+            })?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Timestamp => return no_match_err(),
+        DataType::Date => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Date => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Date(s.into_date().get_nums_days_unix_epoch())))?
+            }
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Time => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::TimeMicros => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::TimeMicros(Interval::from(s.into_time()).usecs())))?
+            }
+            AvroSchema::TimeMillis => maybe.on_base(|s| {
+                Ok(Value::TimeMillis(
+                    (Interval::from(s.into_time()).usecs() / 1000)
+                        .try_into()
+                        .unwrap(),
+                ))
+            })?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Interval => match inner {
+            AvroSchema::Duration => maybe.on_base(|s| {
+                use apache_avro::{Days, Duration, Millis, Months};
+                let iv = s.into_interval();
+
+                let overflow = |_| FieldEncodeError::new(format!("{iv} overflows avro duration"));
+
+                Ok(Value::Duration(Duration::new(
+                    Months::new(iv.months().try_into().map_err(overflow)?),
+                    Days::new(iv.days().try_into().map_err(overflow)?),
+                    Millis::new((iv.usecs() / 1000).try_into().map_err(overflow)?),
+                )))
+            })?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        // Group C: experimental
+        DataType::Int16 => return no_match_err(),
+        DataType::Decimal => return no_match_err(),
+        DataType::Jsonb => return no_match_err(),
+        // Group D: unsupported
+        DataType::Serial | DataType::Int256 => {
+            return no_match_err();
+        }
+    };
+
+    D::handle_union(value, opt_idx)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
+    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{
+        Date, Datum, Interval, ListValue, ScalarImpl, StructValue, Time, Timestamptz, ToDatumRef,
+    };
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn test_ok(t: &DataType, d: Datum, avro: &str, expected: Value) {
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(avro).unwrap();
+        let actual = encode_field(t, d.to_datum_ref(), &avro_schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    fn test_err<D: MaybeData>(t: &DataType, d: D, avro: &str, expected: &str)
+    where
+        D::Out: std::fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(avro).unwrap();
+        let err = encode_field(t, d, &avro_schema).unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_ok() {
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Boolean,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false)),
+            r#""boolean""#,
+            Value::Boolean(false),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Varchar,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("RisingWave".into())),
+            r#""string""#,
+            Value::String("RisingWave".into()),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Bytea,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Bytea([0xbe, 0xef].into())),
+            r#""bytes""#,
+            Value::Bytes([0xbe, 0xef].into()),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Float32,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Float32(3.5f32.into())),
+            r#""float""#,
+            Value::Float(3.5f32),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Float64,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Float64(4.25f64.into())),
+            r#""double""#,
+            Value::Double(4.25f64),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Int32,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(16)),
+            r#""int""#,
+            Value::Int(16),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Int64,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(std::i64::MAX)),
+            r#""long""#,
+            Value::Long(i64::MAX),
+        );
+
+        let tstz = "2018-01-26T18:30:09.453Z".parse().unwrap();
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Timestamptz,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(tstz)),
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
+            Value::TimestampMicros(tstz.timestamp_micros()),
+        );
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Timestamptz,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(tstz)),
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
+            Value::TimestampMillis(tstz.timestamp_millis()),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Date,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Date(Date::from_ymd_uncheck(1970, 1, 2))),
+            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#,
+            Value::Date(1),
+        );
+
+        let tm = Time::from_num_seconds_from_midnight_uncheck(1000, 0);
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Time,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Time(tm)),
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#,
+            Value::TimeMicros(1000 * 1_000_000),
+        );
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Time,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Time(tm)),
+            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#,
+            Value::TimeMillis(1000 * 1000),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::Interval,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Interval(Interval::from_month_day_usec(
+                13, 2, 1000000,
+            ))),
+            // https://github.com/apache/avro/pull/2283
+            // r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Duration", "size": 12, "logicalType": "duration"}"#,
+            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Duration", "size": 12}, "logicalType": "duration"}"#,
+            Value::Duration(apache_avro::Duration::new(
+                apache_avro::Months::new(13),
+                apache_avro::Days::new(2),
+                apache_avro::Millis::new(1000),
+            )),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_err() {
+        test_err(
+            &DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                (
+                    "p",
+                    DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                        ("x", DataType::Int32),
+                        ("y", DataType::Int32),
+                    ])),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "q",
+                    DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                        ("x", DataType::Int32),
+                        ("y", DataType::Int32),
+                    ])),
+                ),
+            ])),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(-2)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(-1)),
+                ]))),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(2)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(1)),
+                ]))),
+            ])))
+            .to_datum_ref(),
+            r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Segment",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "p",
+                        "type": {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "Point",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "x",
+                                    "type": "int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "y",
+                                    "type": "int"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "q",
+                        "type": "Point"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }"#,
+            "encode q error: avro name ref unsupported yet",
+        );
+
+        test_err(
+            &DataType::Interval,
+            Some(ScalarRefImpl::Interval(Interval::from_month_day_usec(
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                i64::MAX,
+            ))),
+            // https://github.com/apache/avro/pull/2283
+            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Duration", "size": 12}, "logicalType": "duration"}"#,
+            "encode  error: -1 mons -1 days +2562047788:00:54.775807 overflows avro duration",
+        );
+
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "record", "name": "Root", "fields": [
+                {"name": "f0", "type": "int"}
+            ]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let mut record = Record::new(&avro_schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("f0", Value::String("2".into()));
+        let res: SinkResult<Vec<u8>> = (Value::from(record), Arc::new(avro_schema)).ser_to();
+        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "Encode error: Value does not match schema: Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_record() {
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Root",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "req", "type": "int"},
+                    {"name": "opt", "type": ["null", "long"]}
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let avro_schema = Arc::new(avro_schema);
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "opt"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "req"),
+        ]);
+        let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(31)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(15)),
+        ]);
+        let encoder = AvroEncoder::new(schema, None, avro_schema.clone()).unwrap();
+        let actual = encoder.encode(row).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            actual.0,
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("req".into(), Value::Int(15)),
+                ("opt".into(), Value::Union(1, Value::Long(31).into())),
+            ])
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "req")]);
+        let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(15))]);
+        let encoder = AvroEncoder::new(schema, None, avro_schema.clone()).unwrap();
+        let actual = encoder.encode(row).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            actual.0,
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("req".into(), Value::Int(15)),
+                ("opt".into(), Value::Union(0, Value::Null.into())),
+            ])
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "opt")]);
+        let Err(err) = AvroEncoder::new(schema, None, avro_schema.clone()) else {
+            panic!()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "Encode error: encode req error: field not present but required"
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "opt"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "req"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Varchar, "extra"),
+        ]);
+        let Err(err) = AvroEncoder::new(schema, None, avro_schema.clone()) else {
+            panic!()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "Encode error: encode extra error: field not in avro"
+        );
+
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(r#"["null", "long"]"#).unwrap();
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "opt")]);
+        let Err(err) = AvroEncoder::new(schema, None, avro_schema.into()) else {
+            panic!()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            r#"Encode error: encode  error: expect avro record but got ["null","long"]"#
+        );
+
+        test_err(
+            &DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![("f0", DataType::Boolean)])),
+            (),
+            r#"{"type": "record", "name": "T", "fields": [{"name": "f0", "type": "int"}]}"#,
+            "encode f0 error: cannot encode boolean column as \"int\" field",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_array() {
+        let avro_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": "int"
+        }"#;
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(4)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(5)),
+            ]))),
+            avro_schema,
+            Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(4), Value::Int(5)]),
+        );
+
+        test_err(
+            &DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(4)),
+                None,
+            ])))
+            .to_datum_ref(),
+            avro_schema,
+            "encode  error: found null but required",
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(4)),
+                None,
+            ]))),
+            r#"{
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": ["null", "int"]
+            }"#,
+            Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::Union(1, Value::Int(4).into()),
+                Value::Union(0, Value::Null.into()),
+            ]),
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            &DataType::List(DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()).into()),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(26)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(29)),
+                ]))),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(46)),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(49)),
+                ]))),
+            ]))),
+            r#"{
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": "int"
+                }
+            }"#,
+            Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(26), Value::Int(29)]),
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(46), Value::Int(49)]),
+            ]),
+        );
+
+        test_err(
+            &DataType::List(DataType::Boolean.into()),
+            (),
+            r#"{"type": "array", "items": "int"}"#,
+            "encode  error: cannot encode boolean column as \"int\" field",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_union() {
+        let t = &DataType::Timestamptz;
+        let datum = Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(Timestamptz::from_micros(1500)));
+        let opt_micros = r#"["null", {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}]"#;
+        let opt_millis = r#"["null", {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}]"#;
+        let both = r#"[{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}, {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}]"#;
+        let empty = "[]";
+        let one = r#"[{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}]"#;
+        let right = r#"[{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}, "null"]"#;
+
+        test_ok(
+            t,
+            datum.clone(),
+            opt_micros,
+            Value::Union(1, Value::TimestampMicros(1500).into()),
+        );
+        test_ok(t, None, opt_micros, Value::Union(0, Value::Null.into()));
+        test_ok(
+            t,
+            datum.clone(),
+            opt_millis,
+            Value::Union(1, Value::TimestampMillis(1).into()),
+        );
+        test_ok(t, None, opt_millis, Value::Union(0, Value::Null.into()));
+
+        test_err(
+            t,
+            datum.to_datum_ref(),
+            both,
+            r#"encode  error: cannot encode timestamp with time zone column as [{"type":"long","logicalType":"timestamp-millis"},{"type":"long","logicalType":"timestamp-micros"}] field"#,
+        );
+
+        test_err(
+            t,
+            datum.to_datum_ref(),
+            empty,
+            "encode  error: cannot encode timestamp with time zone column as [] field",
+        );
+
+        test_ok(
+            t,
+            datum.clone(),
+            one,
+            Value::Union(0, Value::TimestampMillis(1).into()),
+        );
+        test_err(t, None, one, "encode  error: found null but required");
+
+        test_ok(
+            t,
+            datum.clone(),
+            right,
+            Value::Union(0, Value::TimestampMillis(1).into()),
+        );
+        test_ok(t, None, right, Value::Union(1, Value::Null.into()));
+    }
+
+    /// This just demonstrates bugs of the upstream [`apache_avro`], rather than our encoder.
+    /// The encoder is not using these buggy calls and is already tested above.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_avro_lib_bug() {
+        use apache_avro::Reader;
+
+        // a record with 2 optional int fields
+        let avro_schema = AvroSchema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Root",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "f0",
+                        "type": ["null", "int"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "f1",
+                        "type": ["null", "int"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&avro_schema, Vec::new());
+        let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+        // f0 omitted, f1 = Int(3)
+        record.put("f1", Value::Int(3));
+        writer.append(record).unwrap();
+        let encoded = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
+        // writing produced no error, but read fails
+        let reader = Reader::new(encoded.as_slice()).unwrap();
+        for value in reader {
+            assert_eq!(
+                value.unwrap_err().to_string(),
+                "Union index 3 out of bounds: 2"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&avro_schema, Vec::new());
+        let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+        // f0 omitted, f1 = Union(1, Int(3))
+        record.put("f1", Value::Union(1, Value::Int(3).into()));
+        writer.append(record).unwrap();
+        let encoded = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
+        // writing produced no error, but read returns wrong value
+        let reader = Reader::new(encoded.as_slice()).unwrap();
+        for value in reader {
+            assert_eq!(
+                value.unwrap(),
+                Value::Record(vec![
+                    ("f0".into(), Value::Union(1, Value::Int(3).into())),
+                    ("f1".into(), Value::Union(0, Value::Null.into())),
+                ])
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
index 6add09b2cb86e..25d142ad8357b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl RowEncoder for JsonEncoder {
                 self.timestamp_handling_mode,
                 &self.custom_json_type,
             )
-            .map_err(|e| SinkError::JsonParse(e.to_string()))?;
+            .map_err(|e| SinkError::Encode(e.to_string()))?;
             mappings.insert(key, value);
         }
         Ok(mappings)
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
index 1807fd1d421e8..b0a13606948dd 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
@@ -19,9 +19,13 @@ use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 
 use crate::sink::Result;
 
+mod avro;
 mod json;
+mod proto;
 
+pub use avro::AvroEncoder;
 pub use json::JsonEncoder;
+pub use proto::ProtoEncoder;
 
 /// Encode a row of a relation into
 /// * an object in json
@@ -57,7 +61,9 @@ pub trait RowEncoder {
 ///
 /// This is like `TryInto` but allows us to `impl<T: SerTo<String>> SerTo<Vec<u8>> for T`.
 ///
-/// Shall we consider `impl serde::Serialize` in the future?
+/// Note that `serde` does not fit here because its data model does not contain logical types.
+/// For example, although `chrono::DateTime` implements `Serialize`,
+/// it produces avro String rather than avro `TimestampMicros`.
 pub trait SerTo<T> {
     fn ser_to(self) -> Result<T>;
 }
@@ -86,3 +92,42 @@ pub enum CustomJsonType {
     Doris(HashMap<String, (u8, u8)>),
     None,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct FieldEncodeError {
+    message: String,
+    rev_path: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl FieldEncodeError {
+    fn new(message: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: message.to_string(),
+            rev_path: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_name(mut self, name: &str) -> Self {
+        self.rev_path.push(name.into());
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for FieldEncodeError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        use itertools::Itertools;
+
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "encode {} error: {}",
+            self.rev_path.iter().rev().join("."),
+            self.message
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<FieldEncodeError> for super::SinkError {
+    fn from(value: FieldEncodeError) -> Self {
+        Self::Encode(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/proto.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/proto.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..489023f80e145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/proto.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use prost::Message;
+use prost_reflect::{
+    DynamicMessage, FieldDescriptor, Kind, MessageDescriptor, ReflectMessage, Value,
+};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, ScalarRefImpl, StructType};
+use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+
+use super::{FieldEncodeError, Result as SinkResult, RowEncoder, SerTo};
+
+type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, FieldEncodeError>;
+
+pub struct ProtoEncoder {
+    schema: Schema,
+    col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    descriptor: MessageDescriptor,
+}
+
+impl ProtoEncoder {
+    pub fn new(
+        schema: Schema,
+        col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+        descriptor: MessageDescriptor,
+    ) -> SinkResult<Self> {
+        match &col_indices {
+            Some(col_indices) => validate_fields(
+                col_indices.iter().map(|idx| {
+                    let f = &schema[*idx];
+                    (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type)
+                }),
+                &descriptor,
+            )?,
+            None => validate_fields(
+                schema
+                    .fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|f| (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type)),
+                &descriptor,
+            )?,
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            schema,
+            col_indices,
+            descriptor,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl RowEncoder for ProtoEncoder {
+    type Output = DynamicMessage;
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.col_indices.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    fn encode_cols(
+        &self,
+        row: impl Row,
+        col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
+    ) -> SinkResult<Self::Output> {
+        encode_fields(
+            col_indices.map(|idx| {
+                let f = &self.schema[idx];
+                ((f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type), row.datum_at(idx))
+            }),
+            &self.descriptor,
+        )
+        .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+}
+
+impl SerTo<Vec<u8>> for DynamicMessage {
+    fn ser_to(self) -> SinkResult<Vec<u8>> {
+        Ok(self.encode_to_vec())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A trait that assists code reuse between `validate` and `encode`.
+/// * For `validate`, the inputs are (RisingWave type, ProtoBuf type).
+/// * For `encode`, the inputs are (RisingWave type, RisingWave data, ProtoBuf type).
+///
+/// Thus we impl [`MaybeData`] for both [`()`] and [`ScalarRefImpl`].
+trait MaybeData: std::fmt::Debug {
+    type Out;
+
+    fn on_base(self, f: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, pb: &MessageDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, pb: &FieldDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out>;
+}
+
+impl MaybeData for () {
+    type Out = ();
+
+    fn on_base(self, _: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, pb: &MessageDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        validate_fields(st.iter(), pb)
+    }
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, pb: &FieldDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        encode_field(elem, (), pb, true)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Nullability is not part of type system in proto.
+/// * Top level is always a message.
+/// * All message fields can be omitted in proto3.
+/// * All repeated elements must have a value.
+/// So we handle [`ScalarRefImpl`] rather than [`DatumRef`] here.
+impl MaybeData for ScalarRefImpl<'_> {
+    type Out = Value;
+
+    fn on_base(self, f: impl FnOnce(ScalarRefImpl<'_>) -> Result<Value>) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        f(self)
+    }
+
+    fn on_struct(self, st: &StructType, pb: &MessageDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        let d = self.into_struct();
+        let message = encode_fields(st.iter().zip_eq_debug(d.iter_fields_ref()), pb)?;
+        Ok(Value::Message(message))
+    }
+
+    fn on_list(self, elem: &DataType, pb: &FieldDescriptor) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        let d = self.into_list();
+        let vs = d
+            .iter()
+            .map(|d| {
+                encode_field(
+                    elem,
+                    d.ok_or_else(|| {
+                        FieldEncodeError::new("array containing null not allowed as repeated field")
+                    })?,
+                    pb,
+                    true,
+                )
+            })
+            .try_collect()?;
+        Ok(Value::List(vs))
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_fields<'a>(
+    fields: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a str, &'a DataType)>,
+    descriptor: &MessageDescriptor,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    for (name, t) in fields {
+        let Some(proto_field) = descriptor.get_field_by_name(name) else {
+            return Err(FieldEncodeError::new("field not in proto").with_name(name));
+        };
+        if proto_field.cardinality() == prost_reflect::Cardinality::Required {
+            return Err(FieldEncodeError::new("`required` not supported").with_name(name));
+        }
+        encode_field(t, (), &proto_field, false).map_err(|e| e.with_name(name))?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn encode_fields<'a>(
+    fields_with_datums: impl Iterator<Item = ((&'a str, &'a DataType), DatumRef<'a>)>,
+    descriptor: &MessageDescriptor,
+) -> Result<DynamicMessage> {
+    let mut message = DynamicMessage::new(descriptor.clone());
+    for ((name, t), d) in fields_with_datums {
+        let proto_field = descriptor.get_field_by_name(name).unwrap();
+        // On `null`, simply skip setting the field.
+        if let Some(scalar) = d {
+            let value =
+                encode_field(t, scalar, &proto_field, false).map_err(|e| e.with_name(name))?;
+            message
+                .try_set_field(&proto_field, value)
+                .map_err(|e| FieldEncodeError::new(e).with_name(name))?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(message)
+}
+
+// Full name of Well-Known Types
+const WKT_TIMESTAMP: &str = "google.protobuf.Timestamp";
+const WKT_BOOL_VALUE: &str = "google.protobuf.BoolValue";
+
+/// Handles both `validate` (without actual data) and `encode`.
+/// See [`MaybeData`] for more info.
+fn encode_field<D: MaybeData>(
+    data_type: &DataType,
+    maybe: D,
+    proto_field: &FieldDescriptor,
+    in_repeated: bool,
+) -> Result<D::Out> {
+    // Regarding (proto_field.is_list, in_repeated):
+    // (F, T) => impossible
+    // (F, F) => encoding to a non-repeated field
+    // (T, F) => encoding to a repeated field
+    // (T, T) => encoding to an element of a repeated field
+    // In the bottom 2 cases, we need to distinguish the same `proto_field` with the help of `in_repeated`.
+    assert!(proto_field.is_list() || !in_repeated);
+    let expect_list = proto_field.is_list() && !in_repeated;
+    if proto_field.is_map() || proto_field.is_group() {
+        return Err(FieldEncodeError::new(
+            "proto map or group not supported yet",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let no_match_err = || {
+        Err(FieldEncodeError::new(format!(
+            "cannot encode {} column as {}{:?} field",
+            data_type,
+            if expect_list { "repeated " } else { "" },
+            proto_field.kind()
+        )))
+    };
+
+    let value = match &data_type {
+        // Group A: perfect match between RisingWave types and ProtoBuf types
+        DataType::Boolean => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Bool) => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Bool(s.into_bool())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Varchar => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::String) => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::String(s.into_utf8().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Bytea => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Bytes) => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::Bytes(Bytes::copy_from_slice(s.into_bytea()))))?
+            }
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Float32 => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Float) => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::F32(s.into_float32().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Float64 => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Double) => maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::F64(s.into_float64().into())))?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Int32 => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Int32 | Kind::Sint32 | Kind::Sfixed32) => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::I32(s.into_int32())))?
+            }
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Int64 => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Int64 | Kind::Sint64 | Kind::Sfixed64) => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| Ok(Value::I64(s.into_int64())))?
+            }
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Struct(st) => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Message(pb)) => maybe.on_struct(st, &pb)?,
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::List(elem) => match expect_list {
+            true => maybe.on_list(elem, proto_field)?,
+            false => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        // Group B: match between RisingWave types and ProtoBuf Well-Known types
+        DataType::Timestamptz => match (expect_list, proto_field.kind()) {
+            (false, Kind::Message(pb)) if pb.full_name() == WKT_TIMESTAMP => {
+                maybe.on_base(|s| {
+                    let d = s.into_timestamptz();
+                    let message = prost_types::Timestamp {
+                        seconds: d.timestamp(),
+                        nanos: d.timestamp_subsec_nanos().try_into().unwrap(),
+                    };
+                    Ok(Value::Message(message.transcode_to_dynamic()))
+                })?
+            }
+            _ => return no_match_err(),
+        },
+        DataType::Jsonb => return no_match_err(), // Value, NullValue, Struct (map), ListValue
+        // Group C: experimental
+        DataType::Int16 => return no_match_err(),
+        DataType::Date => return no_match_err(), // google.type.Date
+        DataType::Time => return no_match_err(), // google.type.TimeOfDay
+        DataType::Timestamp => return no_match_err(), // google.type.DateTime
+        DataType::Decimal => return no_match_err(), // google.type.Decimal
+        DataType::Interval => return no_match_err(),
+        // Group D: unsupported
+        DataType::Serial | DataType::Int256 => {
+            return no_match_err();
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(value)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use risingwave_common::catalog::Field;
+    use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
+    use risingwave_common::types::{ListValue, ScalarImpl, StructValue, Timestamptz};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_proto_ok() {
+        let pool_path = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("src/test_data/proto_recursive/recursive.pb");
+        let pool_bytes = std::fs::read(pool_path).unwrap();
+        let pool = prost_reflect::DescriptorPool::decode(pool_bytes.as_ref()).unwrap();
+        let descriptor = pool.get_message_by_name("recursive.AllTypes").unwrap();
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Boolean, "bool_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Varchar, "string_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Bytea, "bytes_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Float32, "float_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Float64, "double_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "int32_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "int64_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "sint32_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "sint64_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int32, "sfixed32_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "sfixed64_field"),
+            Field::with_name(
+                DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                    ("id", DataType::Int32),
+                    ("name", DataType::Varchar),
+                ])),
+                "nested_message_field",
+            ),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()), "repeated_int_field"),
+            Field::with_name(DataType::Timestamptz, "timestamp_field"),
+        ]);
+        let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(true)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("RisingWave".into())),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Bytea([0xbe, 0xef].into())),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Float32(3.5f32.into())),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Float64(4.25f64.into())),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(22)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(23)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(24)),
+            None,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(26)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(27)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(StructValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(1)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8("".into())),
+            ]))),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(4)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(0)),
+                Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(4)),
+            ]))),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Timestamptz(Timestamptz::from_micros(3))),
+        ]);
+
+        let encoder = ProtoEncoder::new(schema, None, descriptor.clone()).unwrap();
+        let m = encoder.encode(row).unwrap();
+        let encoded: Vec<u8> = m.ser_to().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            encoded,
+            // Hint: write the binary output to a file `test.binpb`, and view it with `protoc`:
+            // ```
+            // protoc --decode_raw < test.binpb
+            // protoc --decode=recursive.AllTypes recursive.proto < test.binpb
+            // ```
+            [
+                9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 17, 64, 21, 0, 0, 96, 64, 24, 22, 32, 23, 56, 48, 93, 26, 0,
+                0, 0, 97, 27, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 104, 1, 114, 10, 82, 105, 115, 105, 110, 103,
+                87, 97, 118, 101, 122, 2, 190, 239, 138, 1, 2, 8, 1, 146, 1, 3, 4, 0, 4, 186, 1, 3,
+                16, 184, 23
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_proto_repeated() {
+        let pool_path = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("src/test_data/proto_recursive/recursive.pb");
+        let pool_bytes = std::fs::read(pool_path).unwrap();
+        let pool = prost_reflect::DescriptorPool::decode(pool_bytes.as_ref()).unwrap();
+        let message_descriptor = pool.get_message_by_name("recursive.AllTypes").unwrap();
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::with_name(
+            DataType::List(DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()).into()),
+            "repeated_int_field",
+        )]);
+
+        let err = validate_fields(
+            schema
+                .fields
+                .iter()
+                .map(|f| (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type)),
+            &message_descriptor,
+        )
+        .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "encode repeated_int_field error: cannot encode integer[] column as int32 field"
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::with_name(
+            DataType::List(DataType::Int32.into()),
+            "repeated_int_field",
+        )]);
+        let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(ScalarImpl::List(ListValue::new(vec![
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(0)),
+            None,
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(2)),
+            Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(3)),
+        ])))]);
+
+        let err = encode_fields(
+            schema
+                .fields
+                .iter()
+                .map(|f| (f.name.as_str(), &f.data_type))
+                .zip_eq_debug(row.iter()),
+            &message_descriptor,
+        )
+        .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "encode repeated_int_field error: array containing null not allowed as repeated field"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_proto_err() {
+        let pool_path = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("src/test_data/proto_recursive/recursive.pb");
+        let pool_bytes = std::fs::read(pool_path).unwrap();
+        let pool = prost_reflect::DescriptorPool::decode(pool_bytes.as_ref()).unwrap();
+        let message_descriptor = pool.get_message_by_name("recursive.AllTypes").unwrap();
+
+        let err = validate_fields(
+            std::iter::once(("not_exists", &DataType::Int16)),
+            &message_descriptor,
+        )
+        .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "encode not_exists error: field not in proto"
+        );
+
+        let err = validate_fields(
+            std::iter::once(("map_field", &DataType::Jsonb)),
+            &message_descriptor,
+        )
+        .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "encode map_field error: field not in proto"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index c59c95b0304b4..317f1042b263d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -373,8 +373,8 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     Kinesis(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("Remote sink error: {0}")]
     Remote(anyhow::Error),
-    #[error("Json parse error: {0}")]
-    JsonParse(String),
+    #[error("Encode error: {0}")]
+    Encode(String),
     #[error("Iceberg error: {0}")]
     Iceberg(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("config error: {0}")]

From d0572f40229293faf285e85aef01ad3990302513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 19:46:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 337/430] feat(ci): support opt-in workflow for pull-requests
 (#12870)

---
 ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh    | 26 ++------------------------
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh b/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
index ad4b8270fb5dc..66923c4fb8a71 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh
@@ -5,16 +5,6 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 source ci/scripts/common.sh
 
-set +e
-# Set features, depending on our workflow
-# If sqlsmith files are modified, we run tests with sqlsmith enabled.
-MATCHES="ci/scripts/cron-fuzz-test.sh\
-\|ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh\
-\|ci/scripts/run-fuzz-test.sh\
-\|src/tests/sqlsmith"
-NOT_MATCHES="\.md"
-CHANGED=$(git diff --name-only origin/main | grep -v "$NOT_MATCHES" | grep "$MATCHES")
-set -e
 
 # NOTE(kwannoel): Disabled because there's some breakage after #12485,
 # see https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12577.
@@ -23,19 +13,7 @@ set -e
 export RUN_SQLSMITH_FRONTEND=0
 export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
 export SQLSMITH_COUNT=100
-
-# Run e2e tests if changes to sqlsmith source files detected.
-if [[ -n "$CHANGED" ]]; then
-    echo "--- Checking whether to run all sqlsmith tests"
-    echo "origin/main SHA: $(git rev-parse origin/main)"
-    echo "Changes to Sqlsmith source files detected:"
-    echo "$CHANGED"
-    export RUN_SQLSMITH=1
-    export SQLSMITH_COUNT=100
-    export TEST_NUM=32
-    echo "Enabled Sqlsmith tests."
-else
-    export RUN_SQLSMITH=0
-fi
+export TEST_NUM=32
+echo "Enabled Sqlsmith tests."
 
 source ci/scripts/run-fuzz-test.sh
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index d08740408141d..367aaee3730e0 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ steps:
   - label: "build"
     command: "ci/scripts/build.sh -p ci-dev"
     key: "build"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-build")
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: rw-build-env
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ steps:
   - label: "build other components"
     command: "ci/scripts/build-other.sh"
     key: "build-other"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-build-other")
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
           env:
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ steps:
   - label: "build (deterministic simulation)"
     command: "ci/scripts/build-simulation.sh"
     key: "build-simulation"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-build-simulation")
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: rw-build-env
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ steps:
   - label: "docslt"
     command: "ci/scripts/docslt.sh"
     key: "docslt"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-docslt")
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: rw-build-env
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "end-to-end test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-dev -m ci-3streaming-2serving-3fe"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-test")
     depends_on:
       - "build"
       - "build-other"
@@ -82,6 +87,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "end-to-end test (parallel)"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test-parallel.sh -p ci-dev"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-parallel-tests")
     depends_on:
       - "build"
       - "docslt"
@@ -124,6 +130,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "end-to-end source test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-source-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-source-tests")
     depends_on:
       - "build"
       - "build-other"
@@ -138,6 +145,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "end-to-end sink test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-sink-tests")
     depends_on:
       - "build"
       - "build-other"
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "regress test"
     command: "ci/scripts/regress-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-regress-test")
     depends_on: "build"
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
@@ -263,6 +272,7 @@ steps:
   # This ensures our `main-cron` workflow will be stable.
   - label: "unit test"
     command: "ci/scripts/pr-unit-test.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-unit-test")
     plugins:
       - ./ci/plugins/swapfile
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
@@ -278,6 +288,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "check"
     command: "ci/scripts/check.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-check")
     plugins:
       - gencer/cache#v2.4.10:
           id: cache
@@ -299,6 +310,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "unit test (deterministic simulation)"
     command: "ci/scripts/deterministic-unit-test.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-unit-test-deterministic-simulation")
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: rw-build-env
@@ -310,6 +322,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "integration test (deterministic simulation)"
     command: "TEST_NUM=5 ci/scripts/deterministic-it-test.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-integration-test-deterministic-simulation")
     depends_on: "build-simulation"
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
@@ -321,6 +334,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "end-to-end test (deterministic simulation)"
     command: "TEST_NUM=16 ci/scripts/deterministic-e2e-test.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-e2e-test-deterministic-simulation")
     depends_on: "build-simulation"
     plugins:
       - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
@@ -339,6 +353,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "recovery test (deterministic simulation)"
     command: "TEST_NUM=8 KILL_RATE=0.5 ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-recovery-test-deterministic-simulation")
     depends_on: "build-simulation"
     plugins:
       # - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
@@ -358,6 +373,7 @@ steps:
 
   - label: "misc check"
     command: "ci/scripts/misc-check.sh"
+    if: (!build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" || build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-misc-check")
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
           run: rw-build-env
@@ -492,8 +508,10 @@ steps:
     timeout_in_minutes: 30
     retry: *auto-retry
 
+  # FIXME(kwannoel): Let the github PR labeller label it, if sqlsmith source files has changes.
   - label: "fuzz test"
     command: "ci/scripts/pr-fuzz-test.sh -p ci-dev"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-sqlsmith-fuzzing-tests"
     depends_on:
       - "build"
       - "build-simulation"
@@ -506,3 +524,9 @@ steps:
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
     timeout_in_minutes: 15
     retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "enable ci/skip-ci only in draft PRs"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" && !build.pull_request.draft
+    commands:
+      - echo "ci/skip-ci is only usable for draft Pull Requests"
+      - exit 1
\ No newline at end of file

From a1f114c0f043e3cc05c12420bed9f411d77cd9cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 07:55:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 338/430] fix(stream topn): fix pk indices of `TopN` and
 `GroupTopN` (#12840)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        |  20 +--
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml |  14 +--
 .../output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml       |  14 +--
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    |  16 +--
 .../testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml |  18 +--
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml           |  10 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs  |  25 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs   |  46 ++++---
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs  |  19 ++-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs    |  20 +--
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs  |  72 ++++++-----
 .../executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs  |  23 +---
 .../src/executor/top_n/top_n_appendonly.rs    |  38 +++---
 src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_plain.rs  | 118 ++++++++++++------
 src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs      |  24 ++--
 src/stream/src/from_proto/top_n.rs            |   8 +-
 17 files changed, 255 insertions(+), 232 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index b2b0ca006057a..f4b9e28ce0775 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -1628,13 +1628,13 @@
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.bidder, bid.auction) }
         └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.date_time DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [bid.bidder, bid.auction] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.bidder, bid.auction) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.date_time DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [bid.bidder, bid.auction] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 0]) from 1
@@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, bid._row_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $7 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
@@ -1680,13 +1680,13 @@
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
         └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra, bid.p_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [p_time] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [p_time] }
     └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [bid.auction], output_watermarks: [bid.p_time] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra, bid.p_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [p_time] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [p_time] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [bid.auction], output_watermarks: [bid.p_time] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
@@ -1707,7 +1707,7 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $8 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $8 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
@@ -1734,14 +1734,14 @@
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
             └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra, bid.p_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY bid.auction ORDER BY bid.price DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [bid.auction], output_watermarks: [bid.p_time] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
           └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid.extra, bid.p_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [auction, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY bid.auction ORDER BY bid.price DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [bid.price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [bid.auction], output_watermarks: [bid.p_time] } { state table: 1 }
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, bid._row_id, rank_number ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $8 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $8 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
@@ -2481,7 +2481,7 @@
 
     Table 0
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index 4c85c0fec237a..7c694fad1fa67 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@
         └─BatchProject { exprs: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra] }
           └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [date_time DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [bidder, auction] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bidder, auction) }
         └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@
             └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [date_time DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [bidder, auction] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 0]) from 1
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $7 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 1, 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@
             └─BatchProject { exprs: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra] }
               └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY auction ORDER BY price DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [auction] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
@@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@
               └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY auction ORDER BY price DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [price DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [auction] } { state table: 1 }
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@
 
     Table 4294967294
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id, rank_number ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $7 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $7 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
@@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 8 }
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ id, item_name, count(auction), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ id, item_name, count(auction), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1
     ├── columns: [ id, item_name, count(auction), $expr1 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
index 879910f1b27c4..ccdde39e76764 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@
           FROM bid)
     WHERE rank_number <= 1;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [$expr8 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [$expr4, $expr3] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4, $expr3) }
         └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr6, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr7, Field(bid, 5:Int32) as $expr8, Field(bid, 6:Int32) as $expr9, _row_id] }
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@
                 └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamGroupTopN { order: [$expr8 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [$expr4, $expr3] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 0]) from 1
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@
 
     Table 4 { columns: [ now ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id ], primary key: [ $7 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q19
   before:
@@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@
     (SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY auction ORDER BY price DESC) AS rank_number FROM bid)
     WHERE rank_number <= 10;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY $expr3 ORDER BY $expr5 DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [$expr5 DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@
                   └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY $expr3 ORDER BY $expr5 DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamGroupTopN { order: [$expr5 DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr3] } { state table: 1 }
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ now ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id, rank_number ], primary key: [ $8 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, p_time, _row_id, rank_number ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $8 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
 - id: nexmark_q20
   before:
@@ -1936,7 +1936,7 @@
     StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
     └── StreamNow { output: [now] } { state table: 10 }
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr5), $expr6 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr5), $expr6 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1
     ├── columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr5), $expr6 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index 73e5cff7a0ed1..3554e31d281ec 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@
             └─BatchProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
               └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
     └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [$expr1 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [$expr3, $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2) }
         └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr6, $expr1, Field(bid, 6:Int32) as $expr7, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@
                   └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [$expr1 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [$expr3, $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 0]) from 1
@@ -1612,10 +1612,10 @@
 
     Table 2 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id ], primary key: [ $7 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], distribution key: [ 1, 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
   eowc_stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, bidder, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [bidder, auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
     └─StreamEowcSort { sort_column: $expr1 }
       └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [$expr1 DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [$expr3, $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2) }
@@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@
                 └─BatchProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                   └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY $expr2 ORDER BY $expr4 DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [$expr4 DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
@@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@
                     └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [_row_id, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id(hidden), rank_number], stream_key: [auction, _row_id], pk_columns: [auction, _row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
     └── StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY $expr2 ORDER BY $expr4 DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] } { state table: 0 }
         └── StreamGroupTopN [append_only] { order: [$expr4 DESC], limit: 10, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
@@ -1687,7 +1687,7 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id, rank_number ], primary key: [ $7 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id, rank_number ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $7 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
   eowc_stream_error: 'Invalid input syntax: Only support window functions order by single column and in ascending order'
 - id: nexmark_q20
@@ -2461,7 +2461,7 @@
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
         └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr4), $expr5 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr4), $expr5 ], primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, count($expr4), $expr5 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 3 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
index 8180c1bed023b..5cc81578f829c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
           └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
             └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, t._row_id(hidden), rank], stream_key: [t._row_id, x], pk_columns: [t._row_id, x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, t._row_id(hidden), rank], stream_key: [x, t._row_id], pk_columns: [x, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY t.x ORDER BY t.x ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.x ASC], limit: 2, offset: 0, group_key: [t.x] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.y) }
         └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [y, t._row_id], pk_columns: [y, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.x ASC], limit: 3, offset: 0, group_key: [t.y] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
         └─BatchFilter { predicate: (t.x > t.y) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [y, t._row_id], pk_columns: [y, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.x ASC], limit: 2, offset: 0, group_key: [t.y] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t.x > t.y) }
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
       └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.y) }
         └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [y, t._row_id], pk_columns: [y, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.x ASC], limit: 3, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [t.y] }
       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
         └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
@@ -770,8 +770,8 @@
                   └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
                     └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [r1, t._row_id(hidden), t.x(hidden), t.y(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.x, t.y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.x, t.y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [row_number, t._row_id, t.x, t.y] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [r1, t.x(hidden), t.y(hidden), t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t.x, t.y, t._row_id], pk_columns: [t.x, t.y, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [row_number, t.x, t.y, t._row_id] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.z ASC], limit: 9, offset: 0, with_ties: true, group_key: [t.x, t.y] }
         └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.z ASC], limit: 9, offset: 0, group_key: [t.x, t.y] }
           └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x, t.y) }
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@
           TUMBLE(Bid, bidtime, INTERVAL '10' MINUTE)
     ) WHERE rownum <= 3;
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [window_start, window_end, supplier_id, price, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [window_start, window_end, supplier_id, price, bid._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [window_start, window_end, bid._row_id], pk_columns: [window_start, window_end, bid._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, $expr2, bid.supplier_id, bid.price, bid._row_id] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [bid.price DESC], limit: 3, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1, $expr2] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, $expr2) }
@@ -875,8 +875,8 @@
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.x) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [z, t._row_id(hidden), t.x(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t.x], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t.x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.z, t._row_id, t.x] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [z, t.x(hidden), t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t.x, t._row_id], pk_columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.z, t.x, t._row_id] }
       └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.y ASC], limit: 3, offset: 0, group_key: [t.x] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
           └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
index e4bc067ba2988..52c4a4b813198 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch.yaml
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_acctbal, supplier_s_name, nation_n_name, part_p_partkey, part_p_mfgr, supplier_s_address, supplier_s_phone, supplier_s_comment, region_r_regionkey, nation_n_nationkey, supplier_s_suppkey, part_p_partkey_0, partsupp_ps_suppkey, min(partsupp_ps_supplycost), $expr1 ], primary key: [ $14 ASC, $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ], distribution key: [ 10 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 14 }
 
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, sum($expr1), orders_o_orderdate, orders_o_shippriority, $expr2 ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, sum($expr1), orders_o_orderdate, orders_o_shippriority, $expr2 ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $2 ASC, $0 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1
     ├── columns: [ lineitem_l_orderkey, sum($expr1), orders_o_orderdate, orders_o_shippriority, $expr2 ]
@@ -2305,7 +2305,7 @@
 
     Table 0
     ├── columns: [ customer_c_custkey, customer_c_name, sum($expr1), customer_c_acctbal, nation_n_name, customer_c_address, customer_c_phone, customer_c_comment, $expr2 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC, $8 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $6 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $7 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
@@ -3819,7 +3819,7 @@
 
     Table 0
     ├── columns: [ customer_c_name, customer_c_custkey, orders_o_orderkey, orders_o_orderdate, orders_o_totalprice, sum(lineitem_l_quantity), $expr1 ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $4 DESC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $6 ASC ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $4 DESC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
@@ -4467,7 +4467,7 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, count, $expr1 ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, count, $expr1 ], primary key: [ $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ supplier_s_name, count, $expr1 ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 DESC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 2 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
index f0d04ab933a78..dce6dfded0ac8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/top_n.rs
@@ -64,17 +64,16 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> TopN<PlanRef> {
             internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(idx, OrderType::ascending());
             order_cols.insert(idx);
         });
-
         let read_prefix_len_hint = internal_table_catalog_builder.get_current_pk_len();
+
         column_orders.iter().for_each(|order| {
             internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(order.column_index, order.order_type);
             order_cols.insert(order.column_index);
         });
 
         input_stream_key.iter().for_each(|idx| {
-            if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
+            if order_cols.insert(*idx) {
                 internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
-                order_cols.insert(*idx);
             }
         });
         if let Some(vnode_col_idx) = vnode_col_idx {
@@ -171,19 +170,19 @@ impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for TopN<PlanRef> {
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        // We can use the group key as the stream key when there is at most one record for each
-        // value of the group key.
-        if self.limit_attr.max_one_row() {
-            Some(self.group_key.clone())
-        } else {
-            let mut pk = self.input.stream_key()?.to_vec();
-            for i in &self.group_key {
-                if !pk.contains(i) {
-                    pk.push(*i);
+        let input_stream_key = self.input.stream_key()?;
+        let mut stream_key = self.group_key.clone();
+        if !self.limit_attr.max_one_row() {
+            for i in input_stream_key {
+                if !stream_key.contains(i) {
+                    stream_key.push(*i);
                 }
             }
-            Some(pk)
         }
+        // else: We can use the group key as the stream key when there is at most one record for each
+        // value of the group key.
+
+        Some(stream_key)
     }
 
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
index bd585910cb09e..f29ef16aa48ef 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
@@ -109,32 +109,33 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
     fn gen_dist_stream_top_n_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let input_dist = stream_input.distribution().clone();
 
-        let gen_single_plan = |stream_input: PlanRef| -> Result<PlanRef> {
-            let input =
-                RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
-            let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-            logical.input = input;
-            Ok(StreamTopN::new(logical).into())
-        };
-
         // if it is append only, for now we don't generate 2-phase rules
         if stream_input.append_only() {
-            return gen_single_plan(stream_input);
+            return self.gen_single_stream_top_n_plan(stream_input);
         }
 
         match input_dist {
-            Distribution::Single | Distribution::SomeShard => gen_single_plan(stream_input),
+            Distribution::Single | Distribution::SomeShard => {
+                self.gen_single_stream_top_n_plan(stream_input)
+            }
             Distribution::Broadcast => Err(RwError::from(ErrorCode::NotImplemented(
                 "topN does not support Broadcast".to_string(),
                 None.into(),
             ))),
             Distribution::HashShard(dists) | Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(dists, _) => {
-                self.gen_vnode_two_phase_streaming_top_n_plan(stream_input, &dists)
+                self.gen_vnode_two_phase_stream_top_n_plan(stream_input, &dists)
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn gen_vnode_two_phase_streaming_top_n_plan(
+    fn gen_single_stream_top_n_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+        let input = RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
+        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
+        logical.input = input;
+        Ok(StreamTopN::new(logical).into())
+    }
+
+    fn gen_vnode_two_phase_stream_top_n_plan(
         &self,
         stream_input: PlanRef,
         dist_key: &[usize],
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
             .enumerate()
             .map(|(idx, field)| InputRef::new(idx, field.data_type.clone()).into())
             .collect();
+
         exprs.push(
             FunctionCall::new(
                 ExprType::Vnode,
@@ -159,26 +161,30 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
         );
         let vnode_col_idx = exprs.len() - 1;
         let project = StreamProject::new(generic::Project::new(exprs.clone(), stream_input));
+
         let limit_attr = TopNLimit::new(
             self.limit_attr().limit() + self.offset(),
             self.limit_attr().with_ties(),
         );
-        let mut logical_top_n =
-            generic::TopN::without_group(project.into(), limit_attr, 0, self.topn_order().clone());
-        logical_top_n.group_key = vec![vnode_col_idx];
-        let local_top_n = StreamGroupTopN::new(logical_top_n, Some(vnode_col_idx));
+        let local_top_n = generic::TopN::with_group(
+            project.into(),
+            limit_attr,
+            0,
+            self.topn_order().clone(),
+            vec![vnode_col_idx],
+        );
+        let local_top_n = StreamGroupTopN::new(local_top_n, Some(vnode_col_idx));
+
         let exchange =
             RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(local_top_n.into(), &Order::any())?;
+
         let global_top_n = generic::TopN::without_group(
             exchange,
             self.limit_attr(),
             self.offset(),
             self.topn_order().clone(),
         );
-
-        // TODO(st1page): solve it
-        let global_top_n =
-            StreamTopN::with_stream_key(global_top_n, self.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()));
+        let global_top_n = StreamTopN::new(global_top_n);
 
         // use another projection to remove the column we added before.
         exprs.pop();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index fed912cc480b4..0a9e2a5dee517 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl PlanRef {
     pub fn expect_stream_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
         self.stream_key().unwrap_or_else(|| {
             panic!(
-                "a stream key is expected but not exist, plan: {}",
+                "a stream key is expected but not exist, plan:\n{}",
                 self.explain_to_string()
             )
         })
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
index 2248a49223641..a6147164b8d45 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use super::generic::{DistillUnit, TopNLimit};
 use super::utils::{plan_node_name, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Order;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 use crate::PlanRef;
@@ -51,8 +52,22 @@ impl StreamGroupTopN {
             watermark_columns
         };
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+        let mut stream_key = logical
+            .stream_key()
+            .expect("logical node should have stream key here");
+        if let Some(vnode_col_idx) = vnode_col_idx && stream_key.len() > 1 {
+            // The output stream key of `GroupTopN` is a union of group key and input stream key,
+            // while vnode is calculated from a subset of input stream key. So we can safely remove
+            // the vnode column from output stream key. While at meanwhile we cannot leave the stream key
+            // as empty, so we only remove it when stream key length is > 1.
+            stream_key.remove(stream_key.iter().position(|i| *i == vnode_col_idx).unwrap());
+        }
+
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
+            logical.ctx(),
+            logical.schema(),
+            Some(stream_key),
+            logical.functional_dependency(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             false,
             // TODO: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8348
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
index a99dc920dbbaa..641b144242a92 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct StreamTopN {
 }
 
 impl StreamTopN {
-    fn new_inner(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, stream_key: Option<Option<Vec<usize>>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         assert!(logical.group_key.is_empty());
         assert!(logical.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
         let input = &logical.input;
@@ -40,25 +40,11 @@ impl StreamTopN {
         };
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(input.schema().len());
 
-        let mut base =
+        let base =
             PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&logical, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
-        if let Some(stream_key) = stream_key {
-            base.stream_key = stream_key;
-        }
         StreamTopN { base, logical }
     }
 
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        Self::new_inner(logical, None)
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_stream_key(
-        logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
-        stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(stream_key))
-    }
-
     pub fn limit_attr(&self) -> TopNLimit {
         self.logical.limit_attr
     }
@@ -89,7 +75,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamTopN {
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
         logical.input = input;
-        Self::new_inner(logical, Some(self.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec())))
+        Self::new(logical)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
index 031517403b0b3..92681e3c31426 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n.rs
@@ -44,16 +44,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> GroupTopNExecutor<K, S, W
     pub fn new(
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
-        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let info = input.info();
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
             input,
             ctx: ctx.clone(),
@@ -62,12 +60,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> GroupTopNExecutor<K, S, W
                 storage_key,
                 offset_and_limit,
                 order_by,
-                executor_id,
                 group_by,
                 state_table,
                 watermark_epoch,
                 ctx,
-                pk_indices,
             )?,
         })
     }
@@ -102,22 +98,15 @@ pub struct InnerGroupTopNExecutor<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bo
 impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerGroupTopNExecutor<K, S, WITH_TIES> {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn new(
-        input_info: ExecutorInfo,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
-        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let ExecutorInfo {
-            schema: input_schema,
-            ..
-        } = input_info;
-
         let metrics_info = MetricsInfo::new(
             ctx.streaming_metrics.clone(),
             state_table.table_id(),
@@ -126,15 +115,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerGroupTopNExecutor<K,
         );
 
         let cache_key_serde =
-            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &input_schema, &order_by, &group_by);
+            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &info.schema, &order_by, &group_by);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
-            info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema: input_schema,
-                pk_indices,
-                identity: format!("GroupTopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
-            },
+            info,
             offset: offset_and_limit.0,
             limit: offset_and_limit.1,
             managed_state,
@@ -406,20 +391,25 @@ mod tests {
             &pk_indices(),
         )
         .await;
-        let a = GroupTopNExecutor::<SerializedKey, MemoryStateStore, false>::new(
-            source as Box<dyn Executor>,
-            ActorContext::create(0),
-            storage_key(),
-            (0, 2),
-            order_by_1(),
-            1,
-            vec![1],
-            state_table,
-            Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
-            pk_indices(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let top_n_executor = Box::new(a);
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: source.schema().clone(),
+            pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(), // this includes group key as prefix
+            identity: "GroupTopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+        };
+        let top_n_executor = Box::new(
+            GroupTopNExecutor::<SerializedKey, MemoryStateStore, false>::new(
+                source as Box<dyn Executor>,
+                ActorContext::create(0),
+                info,
+                storage_key(),
+                (0, 2),
+                order_by_1(),
+                vec![1],
+                state_table,
+                Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
         let mut top_n_executor = top_n_executor.execute();
 
         // consume the init barrier
@@ -503,18 +493,22 @@ mod tests {
             &pk_indices(),
         )
         .await;
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: source.schema().clone(),
+            pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(), // this includes group key as prefix
+            identity: "GroupTopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+        };
         let top_n_executor = Box::new(
             GroupTopNExecutor::<SerializedKey, MemoryStateStore, false>::new(
                 source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                 ActorContext::create(0),
+                info,
                 storage_key(),
                 (1, 2),
                 order_by_1(),
-                1,
                 vec![1],
                 state_table,
                 Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
-                pk_indices(),
             )
             .unwrap(),
         );
@@ -594,18 +588,22 @@ mod tests {
             &pk_indices(),
         )
         .await;
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: source.schema().clone(),
+            pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(), // this includes group key as prefix
+            identity: "GroupTopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+        };
         let top_n_executor = Box::new(
             GroupTopNExecutor::<SerializedKey, MemoryStateStore, false>::new(
                 source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                 ActorContext::create(0),
+                info,
                 storage_key(),
                 (0, 2),
                 order_by_2(),
-                1,
                 vec![1, 2],
                 state_table,
                 Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
-                pk_indices(),
             )
             .unwrap(),
         );
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
index 45e05abfd21dc..f8f3d4887b970 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/group_top_n_appendonly.rs
@@ -62,16 +62,14 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
     pub fn new(
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
-        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let info = input.info();
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
             input,
             ctx: ctx.clone(),
@@ -80,12 +78,10 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
                 storage_key,
                 offset_and_limit,
                 order_by,
-                executor_id,
                 group_by,
                 state_table,
                 watermark_epoch,
                 ctx,
-                pk_indices,
             )?,
         })
     }
@@ -122,22 +118,15 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
 {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn new(
-        input_info: ExecutorInfo,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         group_by: Vec<usize>,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
         watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
-        pk_indices: PkIndices,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let ExecutorInfo {
-            schema: input_schema,
-            ..
-        } = input_info;
-
         let metrics_info = MetricsInfo::new(
             ctx.streaming_metrics.clone(),
             state_table.table_id(),
@@ -146,15 +135,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool>
         );
 
         let cache_key_serde =
-            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &input_schema, &order_by, &group_by);
+            create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &info.schema, &order_by, &group_by);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
-            info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema: input_schema,
-                pk_indices,
-                identity: format!("AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
-            },
+            info,
             offset: offset_and_limit.0,
             limit: offset_and_limit.1,
             managed_state,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_appendonly.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_appendonly.rs
index aa93e2f2f519e..a56b43e4c5903 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_appendonly.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_appendonly.rs
@@ -41,14 +41,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> AppendOnlyTopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES>
     pub fn new(
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let info = input.info();
-
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
             input,
             ctx,
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> AppendOnlyTopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES>
                 storage_key,
                 offset_and_limit,
                 order_by,
-                executor_id,
                 state_table,
             )?,
         })
@@ -84,30 +81,21 @@ pub struct InnerAppendOnlyTopNExecutor<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> {
 impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerAppendOnlyTopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES> {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn new(
-        input_info: ExecutorInfo,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let ExecutorInfo {
-            pk_indices, schema, ..
-        } = input_info;
-
         let num_offset = offset_and_limit.0;
         let num_limit = offset_and_limit.1;
 
-        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &schema, &order_by, &[]);
+        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &info.schema, &order_by, &[]);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
-        let data_types = schema.data_types();
+        let data_types = info.schema.data_types();
 
         Ok(Self {
-            info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema,
-                pk_indices,
-                identity: format!("AppendOnlyTopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
-            },
+            info,
             managed_state,
             storage_key_indices: storage_key.into_iter().map(|op| op.column_index).collect(),
             cache: TopNCache::new(num_offset, num_limit, data_types),
@@ -180,7 +168,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::AppendOnlyTopNExecutor;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::top_n_executor::create_in_memory_state_table;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::MockSource;
-    use crate::executor::{ActorContext, Barrier, Executor, Message, PkIndices};
+    use crate::executor::{ActorContext, Barrier, Executor, ExecutorInfo, Message, PkIndices};
 
     fn create_stream_chunks() -> Vec<StreamChunk> {
         let chunk1 = StreamChunk::from_pretty(
@@ -261,14 +249,19 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .await;
 
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: source.schema().clone(),
+            pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+            identity: "AppendOnlyTopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+        };
         let top_n_executor = Box::new(
             AppendOnlyTopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                 source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                 ActorContext::create(0),
+                info,
                 storage_key,
                 (0, 5),
                 order_by(),
-                1,
                 state_table,
             )
             .unwrap(),
@@ -343,14 +336,19 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .await;
 
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: source.schema().clone(),
+            pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+            identity: "AppendOnlyTopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+        };
         let top_n_executor = Box::new(
             AppendOnlyTopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                 source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                 ActorContext::create(0),
+                info,
                 storage_key(),
                 (3, 4),
                 order_by(),
-                1,
                 state_table,
             )
             .unwrap(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_plain.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_plain.rs
index cfb71053b18e4..e3cc70b9fc0b7 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_plain.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/top_n/top_n_plain.rs
@@ -36,14 +36,12 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> TopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES> {
     pub fn new(
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let info = input.info();
-
         Ok(TopNExecutorWrapper {
             input,
             ctx,
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> TopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES> {
                 storage_key,
                 offset_and_limit,
                 order_by,
-                executor_id,
                 state_table,
             )?,
         })
@@ -67,22 +64,14 @@ impl<S: StateStore> TopNExecutor<S, true> {
     pub fn new_with_ties_for_test(
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let info = input.info();
-
-        let mut inner = InnerTopNExecutor::new(
-            info,
-            storage_key,
-            offset_and_limit,
-            order_by,
-            executor_id,
-            state_table,
-        )?;
+        let mut inner =
+            InnerTopNExecutor::new(info, storage_key, offset_and_limit, order_by, state_table)?;
 
         inner.cache.high_capacity = 2;
 
@@ -115,29 +104,21 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const WITH_TIES: bool> InnerTopNExecutor<S, WITH_TIES> {
     /// into `CacheKey`.
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn new(
-        input_info: ExecutorInfo,
+        info: ExecutorInfo,
         storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
         offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
         order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-        executor_id: u64,
         state_table: StateTable<S>,
     ) -> StreamResult<Self> {
-        let ExecutorInfo {
-            pk_indices, schema, ..
-        } = input_info;
         let num_offset = offset_and_limit.0;
         let num_limit = offset_and_limit.1;
 
-        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &schema, &order_by, &[]);
+        let cache_key_serde = create_cache_key_serde(&storage_key, &info.schema, &order_by, &[]);
         let managed_state = ManagedTopNState::<S>::new(state_table, cache_key_serde.clone());
-        let data_types = schema.data_types();
+        let data_types = info.schema.data_types();
 
         Ok(Self {
-            info: ExecutorInfo {
-                schema,
-                pk_indices,
-                identity: format!("TopNExecutor {:X}", executor_id),
-            },
+            info,
             managed_state,
             storage_key_indices: storage_key.into_iter().map(|op| op.column_index).collect(),
             cache: TopNCache::new(num_offset, num_limit, data_types),
@@ -311,14 +292,20 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (3, 1000),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -407,14 +394,19 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (0, 4),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -515,14 +507,19 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, true>::new(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (0, 4),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -622,14 +619,19 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (3, 4),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -849,14 +851,19 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (1, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -927,14 +934,20 @@ mod tests {
                 state_store.clone(),
             )
             .await;
+            let source = create_source_new_before_recovery();
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
-                    create_source_new_before_recovery() as Box<dyn Executor>,
+                    source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (1, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -981,14 +994,20 @@ mod tests {
             .await;
 
             // recovery
+            let source = create_source_new_after_recovery();
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor_after_recovery = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::<_, false>::new(
-                    create_source_new_after_recovery() as Box<dyn Executor>,
+                    source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (1, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -1110,14 +1129,19 @@ mod tests {
                 &pk_indices(),
             )
             .await;
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::new_with_ties_for_test(
                     source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (0, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -1260,14 +1284,20 @@ mod tests {
                 state_store.clone(),
             )
             .await;
+            let source = create_source_before_recovery();
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::new_with_ties_for_test(
-                    create_source_before_recovery() as Box<dyn Executor>,
+                    source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (0, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -1317,14 +1347,20 @@ mod tests {
             .await;
 
             // recovery
+            let source = create_source_after_recovery();
+            let info = ExecutorInfo {
+                schema: source.schema().clone(),
+                pk_indices: source.pk_indices().to_vec(),
+                identity: "TopNExecutor 1".to_string(),
+            };
             let top_n_executor_after_recovery = Box::new(
                 TopNExecutor::new_with_ties_for_test(
-                    create_source_after_recovery() as Box<dyn Executor>,
+                    source as Box<dyn Executor>,
                     ActorContext::create(0),
+                    info,
                     storage_key(),
                     (0, 3),
                     order_by(),
-                    1,
                     state_table,
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
index a91d4a91a6ef0..a7fc0d741206e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/group_top_n.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::GroupTopNNode;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
-use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor, GroupTopNExecutor, PkIndices};
+use crate::executor::{ActorContextRef, AppendOnlyGroupTopNExecutor, GroupTopNExecutor};
 use crate::task::AtomicU64Ref;
 
 pub struct GroupTopNExecutorBuilder<const APPEND_ONLY: bool>;
@@ -60,27 +60,23 @@ impl<const APPEND_ONLY: bool> ExecutorBuilder for GroupTopNExecutorBuilder<APPEN
             .map(ColumnOrder::from_protobuf)
             .collect();
 
-        if node.limit == 1 && !node.with_ties {
-            // When there is at most one record for each value of the group key, `params.pk_indices`
-            // is the group key instead of the input's stream key.
-            assert_eq!(
-                &params.pk_indices,
-                &node.group_key.iter().map(|idx| *idx as usize).collect_vec()
-            );
-        }
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: params.schema,
+            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
+            identity: params.identity,
+        };
 
         let args = GroupTopNExecutorDispatcherArgs {
             input,
             ctx: params.actor_context,
+            info,
             storage_key,
             offset_and_limit: (node.offset as usize, node.limit as usize),
             order_by,
-            executor_id: params.executor_id,
             group_by,
             state_table,
             watermark_epoch: stream.get_watermark_epoch(),
             group_key_types,
-            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
 
             with_ties: node.with_ties,
             append_only: APPEND_ONLY,
@@ -92,15 +88,14 @@ impl<const APPEND_ONLY: bool> ExecutorBuilder for GroupTopNExecutorBuilder<APPEN
 struct GroupTopNExecutorDispatcherArgs<S: StateStore> {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
     ctx: ActorContextRef,
+    info: ExecutorInfo,
     storage_key: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
     offset_and_limit: (usize, usize),
     order_by: Vec<ColumnOrder>,
-    executor_id: u64,
     group_by: Vec<usize>,
     state_table: StateTable<S>,
     watermark_epoch: AtomicU64Ref,
     group_key_types: Vec<DataType>,
-    pk_indices: PkIndices,
 
     with_ties: bool,
     append_only: bool,
@@ -115,14 +110,13 @@ impl<S: StateStore> HashKeyDispatcher for GroupTopNExecutorDispatcherArgs<S> {
                 Ok($excutor::<K, S, $with_ties>::new(
                     self.input,
                     self.ctx,
+                    self.info,
                     self.storage_key,
                     self.offset_and_limit,
                     self.order_by,
-                    self.executor_id,
                     self.group_by,
                     self.state_table,
                     self.watermark_epoch,
-                    self.pk_indices,
                 )?
                 .boxed())
             };
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/top_n.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/top_n.rs
index cf8a0280522c2..f0aa967aae143 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/top_n.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/top_n.rs
@@ -49,15 +49,21 @@ impl<const APPEND_ONLY: bool> ExecutorBuilder for TopNExecutorBuilder<APPEND_ONL
             .map(ColumnOrder::from_protobuf)
             .collect();
 
+        let info = ExecutorInfo {
+            schema: params.schema,
+            pk_indices: params.pk_indices,
+            identity: params.identity,
+        };
+
         macro_rules! build {
             ($excutor:ident, $with_ties:literal) => {
                 Ok($excutor::<_, $with_ties>::new(
                     input,
                     params.actor_context,
+                    info,
                     storage_key,
                     (node.offset as usize, node.limit as usize),
                     order_by,
-                    params.executor_id,
                     state_table,
                 )?
                 .boxed())

From db6c9d5966b4a3114870fb2f5620c844bbe7e8eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 21:30:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 339/430] fix(frontend): fix dml output fields (#12881)

---
 src/frontend/src/binder/statement.rs | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/statement.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/statement.rs
index 1a94a6ce30d2f..027f78e7705a9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/statement.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/statement.rs
@@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ pub enum BoundStatement {
 impl BoundStatement {
     pub fn output_fields(&self) -> Vec<Field> {
         match self {
-            BoundStatement::Insert(i) => i.returning_schema.as_ref().map_or(
-                vec![Field::unnamed(risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64)],
-                |s| s.fields().into(),
-            ),
-            BoundStatement::Delete(d) => d.returning_schema.as_ref().map_or(
-                vec![Field::unnamed(risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64)],
-                |s| s.fields().into(),
-            ),
-            BoundStatement::Update(u) => u.returning_schema.as_ref().map_or(
-                vec![Field::unnamed(risingwave_common::types::DataType::Int64)],
-                |s| s.fields().into(),
-            ),
+            BoundStatement::Insert(i) => i
+                .returning_schema
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or(vec![], |s| s.fields().into()),
+            BoundStatement::Delete(d) => d
+                .returning_schema
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or(vec![], |s| s.fields().into()),
+            BoundStatement::Update(u) => u
+                .returning_schema
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or(vec![], |s| s.fields().into()),
             BoundStatement::Query(q) => q.schema().fields().into(),
         }
     }

From 30f2baf8c0bef9a7943f93d29ab91d16be63a46f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 21:46:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 340/430] chore(streaming): stabilize background_ddl basic test
 (#12880)

---
 e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
index 000236ca36a6e..d0fee4917b565 100644
--- a/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ statement ok
 CREATE TABLE t (v1 int);
 
 statement ok
-INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 300000);
+INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 200000);
 
 statement ok
 FLUSH;
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ sleep 30s
 query I
 select count(*) from m1;
 ----
-300000
+200000
 
 query I
 select count(*) from m2;
 ----
-300000
+200000
 
 query I
 select count(*) from m3;
 ----
-300000
+200000
 
 statement ok
 DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1;

From 7c301f345a252470c4d220294232dafc5aa53712 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 23:18:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 341/430] fix(mysql-cdc): enable heartbeat message to keep the
 offset up to date with upstream (#12868)

---
 e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql             |  2 +-
 .../source/core/DbzCdcEventConsumer.java      | 65 +++++++++++--------
 .../source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java      |  2 +-
 .../src/main/resources/mysql.properties       |  3 +
 .../connector/source/MySQLSourceTest.java     |  8 ++-
 .../connector/source/PostgresSourceTest.java  |  8 ++-
 .../connector/source/SourceTestClient.java    |  2 +-
 .../cdc/debezium/internal/DebeziumOffset.java | 13 +++-
 src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs                |  1 +
 .../src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs      |  8 ++-
 src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs        |  6 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs    |  7 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs  |  6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs       |  8 ++-
 .../src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs      |  6 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               | 24 +++++++
 src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs      |  5 ++
 src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs     |  5 ++
 .../src/source/cdc/source/message.rs          |  6 +-
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs         | 25 ++++---
 src/connector/src/source/external.rs          | 12 ++--
 .../src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs     | 10 ++-
 .../executor/source/state_table_handler.rs    | 31 ++++++++-
 24 files changed, 203 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql b/e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql
index 89e5274ac3ee1..81d7a46f17876 100644
--- a/e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql
+++ b/e2e_test/source/cdc/mysql_cdc.sql
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mydb;
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `my@db`;
 CREATE DATABASE `my@db`;
 
 USE `my@db`;
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEventConsumer.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEventConsumer.java
index 9ec96c90f41f2..9f3fc3d17e39b 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEventConsumer.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/DbzCdcEventConsumer.java
@@ -72,25 +72,15 @@ public void handleBatch(
             List<ChangeEvent<SourceRecord, SourceRecord>> events,
             DebeziumEngine.RecordCommitter<ChangeEvent<SourceRecord, SourceRecord>> committer)
             throws InterruptedException {
-        var builder = GetEventStreamResponse.newBuilder();
+        var respBuilder = GetEventStreamResponse.newBuilder();
         for (ChangeEvent<SourceRecord, SourceRecord> event : events) {
             var record = event.value();
-            if (isHeartbeatEvent(record)) {
-                // skip heartbeat events
-                continue;
-            }
-            // ignore null record
-            if (record.value() == null) {
-                committer.markProcessed(event);
-                continue;
-            }
-            byte[] payload =
-                    converter.fromConnectData(record.topic(), record.valueSchema(), record.value());
-
-            // serialize the offset to a JSON, so that kernel doesn't need to
-            // aware the layout of it
+            boolean isHeartbeat = isHeartbeatEvent(record);
             DebeziumOffset offset =
-                    new DebeziumOffset(record.sourcePartition(), record.sourceOffset());
+                    new DebeziumOffset(
+                            record.sourcePartition(), record.sourceOffset(), isHeartbeat);
+            // serialize the offset to a JSON, so that kernel doesn't need to
+            // aware its layout
             String offsetStr = "";
             try {
                 byte[] serialized = DebeziumOffsetSerializer.INSTANCE.serialize(offset);
@@ -98,19 +88,42 @@ var record = event.value();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 LOG.warn("failed to serialize debezium offset", e);
             }
-            var message =
+
+            var msgBuilder =
                     CdcMessage.newBuilder()
                             .setOffset(offsetStr)
-                            .setPartition(String.valueOf(sourceId))
-                            .setPayload(new String(payload, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
-                            .build();
-            LOG.debug("record => {}", message.getPayload());
-            builder.addEvents(message);
-            committer.markProcessed(event);
+                            .setPartition(String.valueOf(sourceId));
+
+            if (isHeartbeat) {
+                var message = msgBuilder.build();
+                LOG.debug("heartbeat => {}", message.getOffset());
+                respBuilder.addEvents(message);
+            } else {
+                // ignore null record
+                if (record.value() == null) {
+                    committer.markProcessed(event);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                byte[] payload =
+                        converter.fromConnectData(
+                                record.topic(), record.valueSchema(), record.value());
+
+                msgBuilder.setPayload(new String(payload, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
+                var message = msgBuilder.build();
+                LOG.debug("record => {}", message.getPayload());
+
+                respBuilder.addEvents(message);
+                committer.markProcessed(event);
+            }
         }
-        builder.setSourceId(sourceId);
-        var response = builder.build();
-        outputChannel.put(response);
+
+        // skip empty batch
+        if (respBuilder.getEventsCount() > 0) {
+            respBuilder.setSourceId(sourceId);
+            var response = respBuilder.build();
+            outputChannel.put(response);
+        }
+
         committer.markBatchFinished();
     }
 
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
index b590fdf3da8b5..73e8875f4581c 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/core/JniDbzSourceHandler.java
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public void start(long channelPtr) {
                             config.getSourceType().toString(),
                             String.valueOf(config.getSourceId()),
                             resp.getEventsCount());
-                    LOG.info(
+                    LOG.debug(
                             "Engine#{}: emit one chunk {} events to network ",
                             config.getSourceId(),
                             resp.getEventsCount());
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
index 6a269dc064a57..cc64723b66b60 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-service/src/main/resources/mysql.properties
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ database.server.id=${server.id}
 # set connector timezone to UTC(+00:00)
 database.connectionTimeZone=+00:00
 
+# default heartbeat interval 60 seconds
+heartbeat.interval.ms=${debezium.heartbeat.interval.ms:-60000}
+heartbeat.topics.prefix=${debezium.heartbeat.topics.prefix:-RW_CDC_HeartBeat_}
 name=${hostname}:${port}:${database.name}.${table.name}
 
 provide.transaction.metadata=${transactional:-false}
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/MySQLSourceTest.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/MySQLSourceTest.java
index 294ebffcc70e8..92028255d28e3 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/MySQLSourceTest.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/MySQLSourceTest.java
@@ -124,10 +124,12 @@ public void testLines() throws InterruptedException, SQLException {
                     int count = 0;
                     while (eventStream.hasNext()) {
                         List<CdcMessage> messages = eventStream.next().getEventsList();
-                        for (CdcMessage ignored : messages) {
-                            count++;
+                        for (CdcMessage msg : messages) {
+                            if (!msg.getPayload().isBlank()) {
+                                count++;
+                            }
                         }
-                        if (count == 10000) {
+                        if (count >= 10000) {
                             return count;
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/PostgresSourceTest.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/PostgresSourceTest.java
index b673f533948ee..4fff4e7f50ad0 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/PostgresSourceTest.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/PostgresSourceTest.java
@@ -130,10 +130,12 @@ public void testLines() throws Exception {
                     while (eventStream.hasNext()) {
                         List<ConnectorServiceProto.CdcMessage> messages =
                                 eventStream.next().getEventsList();
-                        for (ConnectorServiceProto.CdcMessage ignored : messages) {
-                            count++;
+                        for (ConnectorServiceProto.CdcMessage msg : messages) {
+                            if (!msg.getPayload().isBlank()) {
+                                count++;
+                            }
                         }
-                        if (count == 10000) {
+                        if (count >= 10000) {
                             return count;
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceTestClient.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceTestClient.java
index 738d0f850a39b..359746bc90f77 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceTestClient.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-connector-test/src/test/java/com/risingwave/connector/source/SourceTestClient.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class SourceTestClient {
     static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SourceTestClient.class.getName());
 
     // default port for connector service
-    static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 50051;
+    static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 60051;
     private final ConnectorServiceGrpc.ConnectorServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
 
     public Properties sqlStmts = new Properties();
diff --git a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/cdc/debezium/internal/DebeziumOffset.java b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/cdc/debezium/internal/DebeziumOffset.java
index 6555df7d8649d..670765105cf66 100644
--- a/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/cdc/debezium/internal/DebeziumOffset.java
+++ b/java/connector-node/risingwave-source-cdc/src/main/java/com/risingwave/connector/cdc/debezium/internal/DebeziumOffset.java
@@ -43,12 +43,15 @@ public class DebeziumOffset implements Serializable {
 
     public Map<String, ?> sourcePartition;
     public Map<String, ?> sourceOffset;
+    public boolean isHeartbeat;
 
     public DebeziumOffset() {}
 
-    public DebeziumOffset(Map<String, ?> sourcePartition, Map<String, ?> sourceOffset) {
+    public DebeziumOffset(
+            Map<String, ?> sourcePartition, Map<String, ?> sourceOffset, boolean isHeartbeat) {
         this.sourcePartition = sourcePartition;
         this.sourceOffset = sourceOffset;
+        this.isHeartbeat = isHeartbeat;
     }
 
     public void setSourcePartition(Map<String, ?> sourcePartition) {
@@ -59,10 +62,16 @@ public void setSourceOffset(Map<String, ?> sourceOffset) {
         this.sourceOffset = sourceOffset;
     }
 
+    public void setHeartbeat(boolean heartbeat) {
+        isHeartbeat = heartbeat;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "DebeziumOffset{"
-                + "sourcePartition="
+                + "isHeartbeat="
+                + isHeartbeat
+                + ", sourcePartition="
                 + sourcePartition
                 + ", sourceOffset="
                 + sourceOffset
diff --git a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
index fbc7b419f13d4..b3e39ece95002 100644
--- a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
+++ b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ impl MockOffsetGenExecutor {
                 txid: None,
                 tx_usec: None,
             },
+            is_heartbeat: false,
         };
 
         self.start_offset += 1;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
index f6ddbac07ecab..f238af2053ceb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use crate::parser::canal::operators::*;
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::unified::ChangeEventOperation;
-use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, JsonProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
+use crate::parser::{
+    ByteStreamSourceParser, JsonProperties, ParserFormat, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter,
+};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 const DATA: &str = "data";
@@ -121,6 +123,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for CanalJsonParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::CanalJson
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
index da8882eaf1ed6..6513b293239b6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/csv_parser.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{Date, Decimal, Time, Timestamp, Timestamptz};
 use super::unified::{AccessError, AccessResult};
 use super::{ByteStreamSourceParser, CsvProperties};
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
-use crate::parser::SourceStreamChunkRowWriter;
+use crate::parser::{ParserFormat, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
 use crate::source::{DataType, SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 macro_rules! parse {
@@ -152,6 +152,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for CsvParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Csv
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
index 0fab32bc1adb9..58ac1d85857c0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ use crate::parser::unified::debezium::DebeziumChangeEvent;
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::{
     AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType, JsonProperties,
-    ParseResult, ProtocolProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
+    ParseResult, ParserFormat, ProtocolProperties, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter,
+    SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
@@ -127,6 +128,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for DebeziumParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Debezium
+    }
+
     #[allow(clippy::unused_async)] // false positive for `async_trait`
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
index cd10fb2dc21f5..1217a49c42c9c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/mongo_json_parser.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::unified::debezium::{DebeziumChangeEvent, MongoProjection};
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
-use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
+use crate::parser::{ByteStreamSourceParser, ParserFormat, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for DebeziumMongoJsonParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::DebeziumMongo
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
index c173599f7d501..5d269337b0d5c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ use crate::parser::schema_registry::handle_sr_list;
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
-use crate::parser::{AccessBuilder, ByteStreamSourceParser, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter};
+use crate::parser::{
+    AccessBuilder, ByteStreamSourceParser, ParserFormat, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter,
+};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -181,6 +183,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for JsonParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Json
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
index 8bee0bbfef1e5..6fa2dab9eaa7e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/maxwell/maxwell_parser.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::unified::maxwell::MaxwellChangeEvent;
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_operation_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::{
-    AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType,
+    AccessBuilderImpl, ByteStreamSourceParser, EncodingProperties, EncodingType, ParserFormat,
     SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for MaxwellParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Maxwell
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 45c62609f5bf0..2ff661447d1b1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -396,6 +396,18 @@ pub enum ParseResult {
     TransactionControl(TransactionControl),
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ParserFormat {
+    CanalJson,
+    Csv,
+    Json,
+    Maxwell,
+    Debezium,
+    DebeziumMongo,
+    Upsert,
+    Plain,
+}
+
 /// `ByteStreamSourceParser` is a new message parser, the parser should consume
 /// the input data stream and return a stream of parsed msgs.
 pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
@@ -405,6 +417,9 @@ pub trait ByteStreamSourceParser: Send + Debug + Sized + 'static {
     /// The source context, used to report parsing error.
     fn source_ctx(&self) -> &SourceContext;
 
+    /// The format of the specific parser.
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat;
+
     /// Parse one record from the given `payload` and write rows to the `writer`.
     ///
     /// Returns error if **any** of the rows in the message failed to parse.
@@ -512,6 +527,15 @@ async fn into_chunk_stream<P: ByteStreamSourceParser>(mut parser: P, data_stream
 
         for (i, msg) in batch.into_iter().enumerate() {
             if msg.key.is_none() && msg.payload.is_none() {
+                if parser.parser_format() == ParserFormat::Debezium {
+                    tracing::debug!("heartbeat message {}, skip parser", msg.offset);
+                    // empty payload means a heartbeat in cdc source
+                    // heartbeat message offset should not overwrite data messages offset
+                    split_offset_mapping
+                        .entry(msg.split_id)
+                        .or_insert(msg.offset.clone());
+                }
+
                 continue;
             }
             let parse_span = tracing::info_span!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
index 0b42b1e66ab7c..defb7ef54a1e6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/plain_parser.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use super::{
     SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
+use crate::parser::ParserFormat;
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -75,6 +76,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for PlainParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Plain
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         _key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
index edc250947d754..214775851103b 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/upsert_parser.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use super::{
     SourceStreamChunkRowWriter, SpecificParserConfig,
 };
 use crate::extract_key_config;
+use crate::parser::ParserFormat;
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -130,6 +131,10 @@ impl ByteStreamSourceParser for UpsertParser {
         &self.source_ctx
     }
 
+    fn parser_format(&self) -> ParserFormat {
+        ParserFormat::Upsert
+    }
+
     async fn parse_one<'a>(
         &'a mut self,
         key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/message.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/message.rs
index 71046df258d63..f3890377e0bc6 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/message.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/message.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ impl From<CdcMessage> for SourceMessage {
     fn from(message: CdcMessage) -> Self {
         SourceMessage {
             key: None,
-            payload: Some(message.payload.as_bytes().to_vec()),
+            payload: if message.payload.is_empty() {
+                None // heartbeat message
+            } else {
+                Some(message.payload.as_bytes().to_vec())
+            },
             offset: message.offset,
             split_id: message.partition.into(),
             meta: SourceMeta::Empty,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index d6210b4146af0..0c2fb2b3b2684 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
         });
 
         while let Some(GetEventStreamResponse { events, .. }) = rx.recv().await {
-            tracing::debug!("receive events {:?}", events.len());
+            tracing::trace!("receive events {:?}", events.len());
             self.source_ctx
                 .metrics
                 .connector_source_rows_received
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
index 3bd24992f75f0..1041f8adec692 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/split.rs
@@ -74,12 +74,17 @@ impl MySqlCdcSplit {
                     self.inner.split_id
                 )
             })?;
-            snapshot_done = match dbz_offset.source_offset.snapshot {
-                Some(val) => !val,
-                None => true,
-            };
+
+            // heartbeat event should not update the `snapshot_done` flag
+            if !dbz_offset.is_heartbeat {
+                snapshot_done = match dbz_offset.source_offset.snapshot {
+                    Some(val) => !val,
+                    None => true,
+                };
+            }
         }
         self.inner.start_offset = Some(start_offset);
+        // if snapshot_done is already true, it won't be updated
         self.inner.snapshot_done = snapshot_done;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -109,10 +114,14 @@ impl PostgresCdcSplit {
                     self.inner.split_id
                 )
             })?;
-            snapshot_done = dbz_offset
-                .source_offset
-                .last_snapshot_record
-                .unwrap_or(false);
+
+            // heartbeat event should not update the `snapshot_done` flag
+            if !dbz_offset.is_heartbeat {
+                snapshot_done = dbz_offset
+                    .source_offset
+                    .last_snapshot_record
+                    .unwrap_or(false);
+            }
         }
         self.inner.start_offset = Some(start_offset);
         // if snapshot_done is already true, it won't be updated
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
index 6297624283f17..9eff3991a4d4a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/external.rs
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ pub struct DebeziumOffset {
     pub source_partition: HashMap<String, String>,
     #[serde(rename = "sourceOffset")]
     pub source_offset: DebeziumSourceOffset,
+    #[serde(rename = "isHeartbeat")]
+    pub is_heartbeat: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -554,11 +556,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_mysql_binlog_offset() {
-        let off0_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000001", "pos": 105622, "snapshot": true } }"#;
-        let off1_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000007", "pos": 1062363217, "snapshot": true } }"#;
-        let off2_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000007", "pos": 659687560, "snapshot": true } }"#;
-        let off3_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000008", "pos": 7665875, "snapshot": true } }"#;
-        let off4_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000008", "pos": 7665875, "snapshot": true } }"#;
+        let off0_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000001", "pos": 105622, "snapshot": true }, "isHeartbeat": false }"#;
+        let off1_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000007", "pos": 1062363217, "snapshot": true }, "isHeartbeat": false }"#;
+        let off2_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000007", "pos": 659687560, "snapshot": true }, "isHeartbeat": false }"#;
+        let off3_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000008", "pos": 7665875, "snapshot": true }, "isHeartbeat": false }"#;
+        let off4_str = r#"{ "sourcePartition": { "server": "test" }, "sourceOffset": { "ts_sec": 1670876905, "file": "binlog.000008", "pos": 7665875, "snapshot": true }, "isHeartbeat": false }"#;
 
         let off0 = CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset::parse_str(off0_str).unwrap());
         let off1 = CdcOffset::MySql(MySqlOffset::parse_str(off1_str).unwrap());
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
index b383f2f5bc790..c17aad1d2d62d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/cdc_backfill.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ use crate::executor::{
 };
 use crate::task::{ActorId, CreateMviewProgress};
 
-const BACKFILL_STATE_KEY_SUFFIX: &str = "_backfill";
+pub const BACKFILL_STATE_KEY_SUFFIX: &str = "_backfill";
 
 pub struct CdcBackfillExecutor<S: StateStore> {
     actor_ctx: ActorContextRef,
@@ -349,6 +349,11 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
                                     break;
                                 }
                                 Message::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                                    // skip empty upstream chunk
+                                    if chunk.cardinality() == 0 {
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
+
                                     let chunk_binlog_offset = get_cdc_chunk_last_offset(
                                         upstream_table_reader.inner().table_reader(),
                                         &chunk,
@@ -528,6 +533,9 @@ impl<S: StateStore> CdcBackfillExecutor<S> {
                                 "server".to_string() => server
                             },
                             source_offset,
+                            // upstream heartbeat event would not emit to the cdc backfill executor,
+                            // since we don't parse heartbeat event in the source parser.
+                            is_heartbeat: false,
                         }
                     });
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
index d2226eb93867b..d742e72a4c7a9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/source/state_table_handler.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
 use crate::executor::error::StreamExecutorError;
-use crate::executor::StreamExecutorResult;
+use crate::executor::{StreamExecutorResult, BACKFILL_STATE_KEY_SUFFIX};
 
 const COMPLETE_SPLIT_PREFIX: &str = "SsGLdzRDqBuKzMf9bDap";
 
@@ -220,16 +220,41 @@ impl<S: StateStore> SourceStateTableHandler<S> {
         &mut self,
         stream_source_split: &SplitImpl,
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<Option<SplitImpl>> {
-        Ok(match self.get(stream_source_split.id()).await? {
+        let split_id = stream_source_split.id();
+        Ok(match self.get(split_id.clone()).await? {
             None => None,
             Some(row) => match row.datum_at(1) {
                 Some(ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => {
-                    Some(SplitImpl::restore_from_json(jsonb_ref.to_owned_scalar())?)
+                    let mut split_impl = SplitImpl::restore_from_json(jsonb_ref.to_owned_scalar())?;
+                    if let SplitImpl::MysqlCdc(ref mut split) = split_impl && let Some(mysql_split) = split.mysql_split.as_mut() {
+                        // if the snapshot_done is not set, we should check whether the backfill is finished
+                        if !mysql_split.inner.snapshot_done {
+                            mysql_split.inner.snapshot_done = self.recover_cdc_snapshot_state(split_id).await?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Some(split_impl)
                 }
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
         })
     }
+
+    async fn recover_cdc_snapshot_state(
+        &mut self,
+        split_id: SplitId,
+    ) -> StreamExecutorResult<bool> {
+        let mut key = split_id.to_string();
+        key.push_str(BACKFILL_STATE_KEY_SUFFIX);
+
+        let flag = match self.get(key.into()).await? {
+            Some(row) => match row.datum_at(1) {
+                Some(ScalarRefImpl::Jsonb(jsonb_ref)) => jsonb_ref.as_bool()?,
+                _ => unreachable!("invalid cdc backfill persistent state"),
+            },
+            None => false,
+        };
+        Ok(flag)
+    }
 }
 
 // align with schema defined in `LogicalSource::infer_internal_table_catalog`. The function is used

From b560febb98bd2c35d62b13f8c8ff0f7418f195dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 15:42:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 342/430] chore(deps): Bump console-subscriber from 0.1.10 to
 0.2.0 (#12613)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                    | 22 ++++++++++++----------
 src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml  |  2 +-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml |  3 ++-
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index dccda78d5bb4e..df31c45e5667b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1855,35 +1855,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "console-api"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c2895653b4d9f1538a83970077cb01dfc77a4810524e51a110944688e916b18e"
+checksum = "fd326812b3fd01da5bb1af7d340d0d555fd3d4b641e7f1dfcf5962a902952787"
 dependencies = [
- "prost 0.11.9",
- "prost-types 0.11.9",
- "tonic 0.9.2",
+ "futures-core",
+ "prost 0.12.1",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "console-subscriber"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4cf42660ac07fcebed809cfe561dd8730bcd35b075215e6479c516bcd0d11cb"
+checksum = "7481d4c57092cd1c19dd541b92bdce883de840df30aa5d03fd48a3935c01842e"
 dependencies = [
  "console-api",
  "crossbeam-channel",
  "crossbeam-utils",
- "futures",
+ "futures-task",
  "hdrhistogram",
  "humantime",
- "prost-types 0.11.9",
+ "prost-types 0.12.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thread_local",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tonic 0.9.2",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -11006,6 +11007,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-util",
  "toml_datetime",
  "toml_edit 0.19.15",
+ "tonic 0.10.2",
  "tonic 0.9.2",
  "tower",
  "tracing",
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
index 5fb95e09319c0..a977f35e67dd2 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
     "std",
 ] }
 console = "0.15"
-console-subscriber = "0.1.10"
+console-subscriber = "0.2.0"
 either = "1"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 hostname = "0.3"
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 15d296b56b5b3..0826ea1014e3d 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
-tonic = { version = "0.9", features = ["gzip", "tls-webpki-roots"] }
+tonic-274715c4dabd11b0 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9", features = ["gzip", "tls-webpki-roots"] }
+tonic-93f6ce9d446188ac = { package = "tonic", version = "0.10" }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["balance", "buffer", "filter", "limit", "load-shed", "retry", "timeout", "util"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
 tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }

From 90191c70624cbfe97ff2ff128cf08d243faf8497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 11:40:38 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 343/430] feat(binder): support distinct on column aliases
 (#12699)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 .../tests/testdata/input/distinct_on.yaml     | 23 +++++-
 .../tests/testdata/output/distinct_on.yaml    | 44 ++++++++++++
 .../tests/testdata/output/order_by.yaml       |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs              |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs             | 72 ++++++++++++++++---
 5 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/distinct_on.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/distinct_on.yaml
index 5117c8d9da093..940ac9d803178 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/distinct_on.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/distinct_on.yaml
@@ -2,9 +2,28 @@
     create table t1 (k int, v int) append only;
     select distinct on (k) k + v as sum from t1;
   expected_outputs:
-  - stream_plan
+    - stream_plan
+    - batch_plan
 - sql: |
     create table t2 (k int, v int);
     select distinct on (k) k + v as sum from t2;
   expected_outputs:
-  - stream_plan
+    - stream_plan
+    - batch_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (foo, b) a as foo, b from t;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_plan
+    - batch_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (2) a as foo, b from t;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - stream_plan
+    - batch_plan
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (4) * from t;
+  expected_outputs:
+    - binder_error
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distinct_on.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distinct_on.yaml
index 244379843d141..656f96ecd04ef 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distinct_on.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distinct_on.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (k int, v int) append only;
     select distinct on (k) k + v as sum from t1;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [$expr1] }
+      └─BatchGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t1.k] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t1.k) }
+          └─BatchProject { exprs: [(t1.k + t1.v) as $expr1, t1.k] }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.k, t1.v], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [sum, t1.k(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.k], pk_columns: [t1.k], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, t1.k] }
@@ -12,6 +19,13 @@
 - sql: |
     create table t2 (k int, v int);
     select distinct on (k) k + v as sum from t2;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [$expr1] }
+      └─BatchGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.k] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t2.k) }
+          └─BatchProject { exprs: [(t2.k + t2.v) as $expr1, t2.k] }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.k, t2.v], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [sum, t2.k(hidden)], stream_key: [t2.k], pk_columns: [t2.k], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr1, t2.k] }
@@ -19,3 +33,33 @@
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.k) }
           └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t2.k + t2.v) as $expr1, t2.k, t2._row_id] }
             └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.k, t2.v, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (foo, b) a as foo, b from t;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.a, t.b] }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+        └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [foo, b, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [foo, b], pk_columns: [foo, b], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.a, t.b] }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.a, t.b) }
+        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (2) a as foo, b from t;
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.b] }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.b) }
+        └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b], distribution: SomeShard }
+  stream_plan: |-
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [foo, b, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [b], pk_columns: [b], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.b] }
+      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.b) }
+        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+- sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+    select distinct on (4) * from t;
+  binder_error: 'Invalid input syntax: Invalid ordinal number in DISTINCT ON: 4'
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/order_by.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/order_by.yaml
index 669691df6acc9..548259c834f47 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/order_by.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/order_by.yaml
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
   sql: |
     create table t (x int, y int);
     select x from t order by 2;
-  binder_error: 'Invalid input syntax: Invalid value in ORDER BY: 2'
+  binder_error: 'Invalid input syntax: Invalid ordinal number in ORDER BY: 2'
 - name: an output column name cannot be used in an expression
   sql: |
     create table t (x int, y int);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
index bb1c30d22b3d2..a3b78343c6041 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/query.rs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 Ok(index) if 1 <= index && index <= visible_output_num => index - 1,
                 _ => {
                     return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
-                        "Invalid value in ORDER BY: {}",
+                        "Invalid ordinal number in ORDER BY: {}",
                         number
                     ))
                     .into())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
index f2eb37867e74b..48c4290ee7e05 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     BinaryOperator, DataType as AstDataType, Distinct, Expr, Ident, Join, JoinConstraint,
-    JoinOperator, ObjectName, Select, SelectItem, TableFactor, TableWithJoins,
+    JoinOperator, ObjectName, Select, SelectItem, TableFactor, TableWithJoins, Value,
 };
 
 use super::bind_context::{Clause, ColumnBinding};
@@ -207,9 +207,10 @@ impl Binder {
 
         // Bind SELECT clause.
         let (select_items, aliases) = self.bind_select_list(select.projection)?;
+        let out_name_to_index = Self::build_name_to_index(aliases.iter().filter_map(Clone::clone));
 
         // Bind DISTINCT ON.
-        let distinct = self.bind_distinct_on(select.distinct)?;
+        let distinct = self.bind_distinct_on(select.distinct, &out_name_to_index, &select_items)?;
 
         // Bind WHERE clause.
         self.context.clause = Some(Clause::Where);
@@ -223,7 +224,6 @@ impl Binder {
         self.context.clause = None;
 
         // Bind GROUP BY clause.
-        let out_name_to_index = Self::build_name_to_index(aliases.iter().filter_map(Clone::clone));
         self.context.clause = Some(Clause::GroupBy);
 
         // Only support one grouping item in group by clause
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 }
             }
         }
+        assert_eq!(select_list.len(), aliases.len());
         Ok((select_list, aliases))
     }
 
@@ -709,9 +710,7 @@ impl Binder {
                     .expect("ExprImpl value is a Literal but cannot get ref to data")
                     .as_utf8();
                 self.bind_cast(
-                    Expr::Value(risingwave_sqlparser::ast::Value::SingleQuotedString(
-                        table_name.to_string(),
-                    )),
+                    Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(table_name.to_string())),
                     AstDataType::Regclass,
                 )
             }
@@ -769,14 +768,67 @@ impl Binder {
             .unzip()
     }
 
-    fn bind_distinct_on(&mut self, distinct: Distinct) -> Result<BoundDistinct> {
+    /// Bind `DISTINCT` clause in a [`Select`].
+    /// Note that for `DISTINCT ON`, each expression is interpreted in the same way as `ORDER BY`
+    /// expression, which means it will be bound in the following order:
+    ///
+    /// * as an output-column name (can use aliases)
+    /// * as an index (from 1) of an output column
+    /// * as an arbitrary expression (cannot use aliases)
+    ///
+    /// See also the `bind_order_by_expr_in_query` method.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `name_to_index` - output column name -> index. Ambiguous (duplicate) output names are
+    ///   marked with `usize::MAX`.
+    fn bind_distinct_on(
+        &mut self,
+        distinct: Distinct,
+        name_to_index: &HashMap<String, usize>,
+        select_items: &[ExprImpl],
+    ) -> Result<BoundDistinct> {
         Ok(match distinct {
             Distinct::All => BoundDistinct::All,
             Distinct::Distinct => BoundDistinct::Distinct,
             Distinct::DistinctOn(exprs) => {
                 let mut bound_exprs = vec![];
                 for expr in exprs {
-                    bound_exprs.push(self.bind_expr(expr)?);
+                    let expr_impl = match expr {
+                        Expr::Identifier(name) if let Some(index) = name_to_index.get(&name.real_value()) => {
+                            match *index {
+                                usize::MAX => {
+                                    return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!(
+                                        "DISTINCT ON \"{}\" is ambiguous",
+                                        name.real_value()
+                                    ))
+                                    .into())
+                                }
+                                _ => {
+                                    InputRef::new(*index, select_items[*index].return_type()).into()
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Expr::Value(Value::Number(number)) => {
+                            match number.parse::<usize>() {
+                                Ok(index) if 1 <= index && index <= select_items.len() => {
+                                    let idx_from_0 = index - 1;
+                                    InputRef::new(idx_from_0, select_items[idx_from_0].return_type()).into()
+                                }
+                                _ => {
+                                    return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
+                                        "Invalid ordinal number in DISTINCT ON: {}",
+                                        number
+                                    ))
+                                    .into())
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        expr => {
+                            self.bind_expr(expr)?
+                        }
+                    };
+                    bound_exprs.push(expr_impl);
                 }
                 BoundDistinct::DistinctOn(bound_exprs)
             }
@@ -822,9 +874,7 @@ fn derive_alias(expr: &Expr) -> Option<String> {
             derive_alias(&expr).or_else(|| data_type_to_alias(&data_type))
         }
         Expr::TypedString { data_type, .. } => data_type_to_alias(&data_type),
-        Expr::Value(risingwave_sqlparser::ast::Value::Interval { .. }) => {
-            Some("interval".to_string())
-        }
+        Expr::Value(Value::Interval { .. }) => Some("interval".to_string()),
         Expr::Row(_) => Some("row".to_string()),
         Expr::Array(_) => Some("array".to_string()),
         Expr::ArrayIndex { obj, index: _ } => derive_alias(&obj),

From bff674b2792ad88a25da39898d29674f96e0c03a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 09:19:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 344/430] fix(meta): do not select several file (#12869)

Signed-off-by: Little-Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs |  6 +--
 .../tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs    | 26 ++--------
 .../picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs   | 50 ++++---------------
 .../selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs |  1 -
 .../compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs       |  5 +-
 .../compaction_group/hummock_version_ext.rs   | 20 +++++++-
 6 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index 63f3f3536e5e2..7dc7a4688e644 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/space_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ impl SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker {
         }
         while state.last_level <= levels.levels.len() {
             let mut is_trivial_task = true;
-            let mut select_file_size = 0;
             for sst in &levels.levels[state.last_level - 1].table_infos {
                 let exist_count = self.exist_table_count(sst);
                 let need_reclaim = exist_count < sst.table_ids.len();
@@ -122,15 +121,14 @@ impl SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker {
                 }
 
                 if !is_trivial_sst {
-                    if !select_input_ssts.is_empty() && is_trivial_task {
+                    if !select_input_ssts.is_empty() {
                         break;
                     }
                     is_trivial_task = false;
                 }
 
                 select_input_ssts.push(sst.clone());
-                select_file_size += sst.file_size;
-                if select_file_size > self.max_space_reclaim_bytes && !is_trivial_task {
+                if !is_trivial_task {
                     break;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index dc88219696a27..04d8cb791c881 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/tombstone_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 
 pub struct TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker {
     overlap_strategy: Arc<dyn OverlapStrategy>,
-    max_compaction_bytes: u64,
     delete_ratio: u64,
     range_delete_ratio: u64,
 }
@@ -36,13 +35,11 @@ pub struct TombstoneReclaimPickerState {
 impl TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker {
     pub fn new(
         overlap_strategy: Arc<dyn OverlapStrategy>,
-        max_compaction_bytes: u64,
         delete_ratio: u64,
         range_delete_ratio: u64,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             overlap_strategy,
-            max_compaction_bytes,
             delete_ratio,
             range_delete_ratio,
         }
@@ -61,28 +58,17 @@ impl TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker {
 
         while state.last_level <= levels.levels.len() {
             let mut select_input_ssts = vec![];
-            let mut select_file_size = 0;
             for sst in &levels.levels[state.last_level - 1].table_infos {
                 let need_reclaim = (sst.range_tombstone_count * 100
                     >= sst.total_key_count * self.range_delete_ratio)
                     || (sst.stale_key_count * 100 >= sst.total_key_count * self.delete_ratio);
                 if !need_reclaim || level_handlers[state.last_level].is_pending_compact(&sst.sst_id)
                 {
-                    if !select_input_ssts.is_empty() {
-                        // Our goal is to pick as many complete layers of data as possible and keep
-                        // the picked files contiguous to avoid overlapping
-                        // key_ranges, so the strategy is to pick as many
-                        // contiguous files as possible (at least one)
-                        break;
-                    }
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 select_input_ssts.push(sst.clone());
-                select_file_size += sst.file_size;
-                if select_file_size > self.max_compaction_bytes {
-                    break;
-                }
+                break;
             }
 
             // turn to next_round
@@ -181,12 +167,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let config = Arc::new(CompactionConfigBuilder::new().build());
 
         let strategy = create_overlap_strategy(config.compaction_mode());
-        let picker = TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
-            strategy.clone(),
-            config.max_compaction_bytes,
-            40,
-            20,
-        );
+        let picker = TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(strategy.clone(), 40, 20);
         let ret = picker.pick_compaction(&levels, &levels_handler, &mut state);
         assert!(ret.is_none());
         let mut sst = generate_table(3, 1, 201, 300, 1);
@@ -204,8 +185,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         sst.range_tombstone_count = 30;
         sst.total_key_count = 100;
         levels.levels[0].table_infos.push(sst);
-        let picker =
-            TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(strategy, config.max_compaction_bytes, 50, 10);
+        let picker = TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(strategy, 50, 10);
         let mut state = TombstoneReclaimPickerState::default();
         let ret = picker
             .pick_compaction(&levels, &levels_handler, &mut state)
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
index 07f074a5394b8..cc3b3ca41d84f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/picker/ttl_reclaim_compaction_picker.rs
@@ -61,15 +61,11 @@ impl TtlPickerState {
 }
 
 pub struct TtlReclaimCompactionPicker {
-    max_ttl_reclaim_bytes: u64,
     table_id_to_ttl: HashMap<u32, u32>,
 }
 
 impl TtlReclaimCompactionPicker {
-    pub fn new(
-        max_ttl_reclaim_bytes: u64,
-        table_id_to_options: HashMap<StateTableId, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(table_id_to_options: HashMap<StateTableId, TableOption>) -> Self {
         let table_id_to_ttl: HashMap<u32, u32> = table_id_to_options
             .iter()
             .filter(|id_to_option| {
@@ -79,10 +75,7 @@ impl TtlReclaimCompactionPicker {
             .map(|id_to_option| (*id_to_option.0, id_to_option.1.retention_seconds.unwrap()))
             .collect();
 
-        Self {
-            max_ttl_reclaim_bytes,
-            table_id_to_ttl,
-        }
+        Self { table_id_to_ttl }
     }
 
     fn filter(&self, sst: &SstableInfo, current_epoch_physical_time: u64) -> bool {
@@ -154,7 +147,6 @@ impl TtlReclaimCompactionPicker {
         }
 
         let current_epoch_physical_time = Epoch::now().physical_time();
-        let mut select_file_size = 0;
 
         for sst in &reclaimed_level.table_infos {
             let unmatched_sst = sst
@@ -167,22 +159,11 @@ impl TtlReclaimCompactionPicker {
                 || level_handler.is_pending_compact(&sst.sst_id)
                 || self.filter(sst, current_epoch_physical_time)
             {
-                if !select_input_ssts.is_empty() {
-                    // Our goal is to pick as many complete layers of data as possible and keep the
-                    // picked files contiguous to avoid overlapping key_ranges, so the strategy is
-                    // to pick as many contiguous files as possible (at least one)
-                    break;
-                }
-
                 continue;
             }
 
             select_input_ssts.push(sst.clone());
-            select_file_size += sst.file_size;
-
-            if select_file_size > self.max_ttl_reclaim_bytes {
-                break;
-            }
+            break;
         }
 
         // turn to next_round
@@ -402,7 +383,7 @@ mod test {
             assert_compaction_task(&task, &levels_handler);
             assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels.len(), 2);
             assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 4);
-            assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos.len(), 5);
+            assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
 
             let mut start_id = 2;
             for sst in &task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos {
@@ -453,9 +434,9 @@ mod test {
             assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 4);
 
             // test select index, picker will select file from state
-            assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos.len(), 4);
+            assert_eq!(task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos.len(), 1);
 
-            let mut start_id = 7;
+            let mut start_id = 3;
             for sst in &task.input.input_levels[0].table_infos {
                 assert_eq!(start_id, sst.get_sst_id());
                 start_id += 1;
@@ -495,17 +476,6 @@ mod test {
                 assert_eq!(start_id, sst.get_sst_id());
                 start_id += 1;
             }
-
-            assert!(selector
-                .pick_compaction(
-                    1,
-                    &group_config,
-                    &levels,
-                    &mut levels_handler,
-                    &mut local_stats,
-                    table_id_to_options,
-                )
-                .is_none())
         }
 
         {
@@ -633,8 +603,8 @@ mod test {
                 },
             );
 
-            let expect_task_file_count = [3, 2, 1];
-            let expect_task_sst_id_range = vec![vec![2, 3, 4], vec![6, 7], vec![10]];
+            let expect_task_file_count = [1, 1, 1];
+            let expect_task_sst_id_range = vec![vec![2], vec![3], vec![4]];
             for (index, x) in expect_task_file_count.iter().enumerate() {
                 // // pick ttl reclaim
                 let task = selector
@@ -715,8 +685,8 @@ mod test {
                 },
             );
 
-            let expect_task_file_count = [3, 3];
-            let expect_task_sst_id_range = vec![vec![2, 3, 4], vec![5, 6, 7]];
+            let expect_task_file_count = [1, 1];
+            let expect_task_sst_id_range = vec![vec![2], vec![3]];
             for (index, x) in expect_task_file_count.iter().enumerate() {
                 if index == expect_task_file_count.len() - 1 {
                     table_id_to_options.insert(
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
index 82537f82246f7..505c9b47e30c9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/tombstone_compaction_selector.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ impl CompactionSelector for TombstoneCompactionSelector {
         let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
         let picker = TombstoneReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
             create_overlap_strategy(group.compaction_config.compaction_mode()),
-            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
             group.compaction_config.tombstone_reclaim_ratio as u64,
             group.compaction_config.tombstone_reclaim_ratio as u64 / 2,
         );
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs
index 920bf36883d78..ded292ef2021e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/ttl_selector.rs
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ impl CompactionSelector for TtlCompactionSelector {
     ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
         let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(group.compaction_config.clone());
         let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        let picker = TtlReclaimCompactionPicker::new(
-            group.compaction_config.max_space_reclaim_bytes,
-            table_id_to_options,
-        );
+        let picker = TtlReclaimCompactionPicker::new(table_id_to_options);
         let state = self.state.entry(group.group_id).or_default();
         let compaction_input = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, state)?;
         compaction_input.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/compaction_group/hummock_version_ext.rs b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/compaction_group/hummock_version_ext.rs
index 1193877a14c9b..3e4286eb856bc 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/compaction_group/hummock_version_ext.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_sdk/src/compaction_group/hummock_version_ext.rs
@@ -937,7 +937,15 @@ pub fn add_ssts_to_sub_level(
                 let b = sst2.key_range.as_ref().unwrap();
                 a.compare(b)
             });
-        assert!(can_concat(&l0.sub_levels[sub_level_idx].table_infos));
+        assert!(
+            can_concat(&l0.sub_levels[sub_level_idx].table_infos),
+            "sstable ids: {:?}",
+            l0.sub_levels[sub_level_idx]
+                .table_infos
+                .iter()
+                .map(|sst| sst.sst_id)
+                .collect_vec()
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -1039,7 +1047,15 @@ fn level_insert_ssts(operand: &mut Level, insert_table_infos: Vec<SstableInfo>)
     if operand.level_type == LevelType::Overlapping as i32 {
         operand.level_type = LevelType::Nonoverlapping as i32;
     }
-    assert!(can_concat(&operand.table_infos));
+    assert!(
+        can_concat(&operand.table_infos),
+        "sstable ids: {:?}",
+        operand
+            .table_infos
+            .iter()
+            .map(|sst| sst.sst_id)
+            .collect_vec()
+    );
 }
 
 pub fn object_size_map(version: &HummockVersion) -> HashMap<HummockSstableObjectId, u64> {

From e995ea0df1b00d5b14e741f78536e48ee4489fde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 09:19:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 345/430] chore(streaming): remove unused metrics (#12878)

---
 .../src/rpc/service/exchange_metrics.rs       | 10 --------
 .../src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs       | 23 +------------------
 src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs     | 19 +--------------
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   | 10 --------
 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_metrics.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_metrics.rs
index 80412bba0ccce..4c903217b3a93 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_metrics.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExchangeServiceMetrics {
     pub stream_fragment_exchange_bytes: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub actor_sampled_serialize_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 }
 
 pub static GLOBAL_EXCHANGE_SERVICE_METRICS: LazyLock<ExchangeServiceMetrics> =
@@ -37,17 +36,8 @@ impl ExchangeServiceMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_sampled_serialize_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
-            "actor_sampled_serialize_duration_ns",
-            "Duration (ns) of sampled chunk serialization",
-            &["actor_id"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
         Self {
             stream_fragment_exchange_bytes,
-            actor_sampled_serialize_duration_ns,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
index e78ddb538add0..b59cc39587c2f 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use either::Either;
 use futures::{pin_mut, Stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ impl ExchangeService for ExchangeServiceImpl {
         };
 
         let up_down_actor_ids = (get_req.up_actor_id, get_req.down_actor_id);
-        let up_down_fragment_ids = (get_req.up_fragment_id, get_req.down_fragment_id);
         let receiver = self.stream_mgr.take_receiver(up_down_actor_ids).await?;
 
         // Map the remaining stream to add-permits.
@@ -111,7 +109,6 @@ impl ExchangeService for ExchangeServiceImpl {
             receiver,
             add_permits_stream,
             up_down_actor_ids,
-            up_down_fragment_ids,
         )))
     }
 }
@@ -135,11 +132,9 @@ impl ExchangeServiceImpl {
         peer_addr: SocketAddr,
         mut receiver: Receiver,
         add_permits_stream: impl Stream<Item = std::result::Result<permits::Value, tonic::Status>>,
-        up_down_actor_ids: (u32, u32),
         up_down_fragment_ids: (u32, u32),
     ) {
         tracing::debug!(target: "events::compute::exchange", peer_addr = %peer_addr, "serve stream exchange RPC");
-        let up_actor_id = up_down_actor_ids.0.to_string();
         let up_fragment_id = up_down_fragment_ids.0.to_string();
         let down_fragment_id = up_down_fragment_ids.1.to_string();
 
@@ -157,29 +152,13 @@ impl ExchangeServiceImpl {
         );
         pin_mut!(select_stream);
 
-        let mut rr = 0;
-        const SAMPLING_FREQUENCY: u64 = 100;
-
         while let Some(r) = select_stream.try_next().await? {
             match r {
                 Either::Left(permits_to_add) => {
                     permits.add_permits(permits_to_add);
                 }
                 Either::Right(MessageWithPermits { message, permits }) => {
-                    // add serialization duration metric with given sampling frequency
-                    let proto = if rr % SAMPLING_FREQUENCY == 0 {
-                        let start_time = Instant::now();
-                        let proto = message.to_protobuf();
-                        metrics
-                            .actor_sampled_serialize_duration_ns
-                            .with_label_values(&[&up_actor_id])
-                            .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
-                        proto
-                    } else {
-                        message.to_protobuf()
-                    };
-                    rr += 1;
-
+                    let proto = message.to_protobuf();
                     // forward the acquired permit to the downstream
                     let response = GetStreamResponse {
                         message: Some(proto),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
index eb2fc97532c16..3804904b7c4f2 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/exchange/input.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-use std::time::Instant;
 
 use anyhow::Context as _;
 use futures::{pin_mut, Stream};
@@ -149,12 +148,9 @@ impl RemoteInput {
             .await?;
 
         let up_actor_id = up_down_ids.0.to_string();
-        let down_actor_id = up_down_ids.1.to_string();
         let up_fragment_id = up_down_frag.0.to_string();
         let down_fragment_id = up_down_frag.1.to_string();
 
-        let mut rr = 0;
-        const SAMPLING_FREQUENCY: u64 = 100;
         let span: await_tree::Span = format!("RemoteInput (actor {up_actor_id})").into();
 
         let mut batched_permits_accumulated = 0;
@@ -171,20 +167,7 @@ impl RemoteInput {
                         .with_label_values(&[&up_fragment_id, &down_fragment_id])
                         .inc_by(bytes as u64);
 
-                    // add deserialization duration metric with given sampling frequency
-                    let msg_res = if rr % SAMPLING_FREQUENCY == 0 {
-                        let start_time = Instant::now();
-                        let msg_res = Message::from_protobuf(&msg);
-                        metrics
-                            .actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns
-                            .with_label_values(&[&down_actor_id, &down_fragment_id])
-                            .inc_by(start_time.elapsed().as_nanos() as u64);
-                        msg_res
-                    } else {
-                        Message::from_protobuf(&msg)
-                    };
-                    rr += 1;
-
+                    let msg_res = Message::from_protobuf(&msg);
                     if let Some(add_back_permits) = match permits.unwrap().value {
                         // For records, batch the permits we received to reduce the backward
                         // `AddPermits` messages.
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index e42bf4cc6dff9..d06360f10b80d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub actor_memory_usage: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub actor_in_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
     pub actor_out_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
     // Source
     pub source_output_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -359,14 +358,6 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
-            "actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns",
-            "Duration (ns) of sampled chunk deserialization",
-            &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
         let actor_memory_usage = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "actor_memory_usage",
             "Memory usage (bytes)",
@@ -938,7 +929,6 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             actor_memory_usage,
             actor_in_record_cnt,
             actor_out_record_cnt,
-            actor_sampled_deserialize_duration_ns,
             source_output_row_count,
             source_row_per_barrier,
             source_split_change_count,

From fcc2469364b376c1aa30b605f27790d2584b4e61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 09:19:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 346/430] chore(storage): reduce state store metrics report
 bucket (#12879)

---
 src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs |  6 +++++-
 src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs   | 10 +++++++---
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
index 77043b32ab455..32a741809ed63 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
     pub fn new(registry: &Registry, metric_level: MetricLevel) -> Self {
         // 10ms ~ max 2.7h
         let time_buckets = exponential_buckets(0.01, 10.0, 7).unwrap();
+
+        // 1ms - 100s
+        let state_store_read_time_buckets = exponential_buckets(0.001, 10.0, 5).unwrap();
+
         let bloom_filter_true_negative_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_bloom_filter_true_negative_counts",
             "Total number of sstables that have been considered true negative by bloom filters",
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
         let opts = histogram_opts!(
             "state_store_iter_fetch_meta_duration",
             "Histogram of iterator fetch SST meta time that have been issued to state store",
-            time_buckets.clone(),
+            state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_fetch_meta_duration =
             register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
index a1517d98918ac..bf2bb181df1fc 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
@@ -88,10 +88,14 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
         buckets.extend(exponential_buckets(0.001, 2.0, 5).unwrap()); // 1 ~ 16ms.
         buckets.extend(exponential_buckets(0.05, 4.0, 5).unwrap()); // 0.05 ~ 1.28s.
         buckets.push(16.0); // 16s
+
+        // 1ms - 100s
+        let state_store_read_time_buckets = exponential_buckets(0.001, 10.0, 5).unwrap();
+
         let get_duration_opts = histogram_opts!(
             "state_store_get_duration",
             "Total latency of get that have been issued to state store",
-            buckets.clone(),
+            state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let get_duration =
             register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(get_duration_opts, &["table_id"], registry)
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
         let opts = histogram_opts!(
             "state_store_iter_init_duration",
             "Histogram of the time spent on iterator initialization.",
-            buckets.clone(),
+            state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_init_duration =
             register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
         let opts = histogram_opts!(
             "state_store_iter_scan_duration",
             "Histogram of the time spent on iterator scanning.",
-            buckets.clone(),
+            state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_scan_duration =
             register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();

From d7cd2c7241268a813dfa9b7a357293d84cf3ffeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 02:43:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 347/430] chore(deps): Bump @babel/traverse from 7.19.0 to
 7.23.2 in /dashboard (#12887)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 dashboard/package-lock.json | 268 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 136 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dashboard/package-lock.json b/dashboard/package-lock.json
index c85a3e96e5c06..d21a177da60a4 100644
--- a/dashboard/package-lock.json
+++ b/dashboard/package-lock.json
@@ -85,11 +85,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TDCmlK5eOvH+eH7cdAFlNXeVJqWIQ7gW9tY1GJIpUtFb6CmjVyq2VM3u71bOyR8CRihcCgMUYoDNyLXao3+70Q==",
+      "version": "7.22.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XktuhWlJ5g+3TJXc5upd9Ks1HutSArik6jf2eAjYFyIOf4ej3RN+184cZbzDvbPnuTJIUhPKKJE3cIsYTiAT3w==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/highlight": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.13",
+        "chalk": "^2.4.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -135,12 +136,13 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-S1ahxf1gZ2dpoiFgA+ohK9DIpz50bJ0CWs7Zlzb54Z4sG8qmdIrGrVqmy1sAtTVRb+9CU6U8VqT9L0Zj7hxHVg==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lN85QRR+5IbYrMWM6Y4pE/noaQtg4pNiqeNGX60eqOfo6gtEj6uw/JagelB8vVztSd7R6M5n1+PQkDbHbBRU4g==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0",
         "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.2",
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.17",
         "jsesc": "^2.5.1"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -190,31 +192,31 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-environment-visitor": {
-      "version": "7.18.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.18.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3r/aACDJ3fhQ/EVgFy0hpj8oHyHpQc+LPtJoY9SzTThAsStm4Ptegq92vqKoE3vD706ZVFWITnMnxucw+S9Ipg==",
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zfedSIzFhat/gFhWfHtgWvlec0nqB9YEIVrpuwjruLlXfUSnA8cJB0miHKwqDnQ7d32aKo2xt88/xZptwxbfhA==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-function-name": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-function-name/-/helper-function-name-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WAwHBINyrpqywkUH0nTnNgI5ina5TFn85HKS0pbPDfxFfhyR/aNQEn4hGi1P1JyT//I0t4OgXUlofzWILRvS5w==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-function-name/-/helper-function-name-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OErEqsrxjZTJciZ4Oo+eoZqeW9UIiOcuYKRJA4ZAgV9myA+pOXhhmpfNCKjEH/auVfEYVFJ6y1Tc4r0eIApqiw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.22.15",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-hoist-variables": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-hoist-variables/-/helper-hoist-variables-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UlJQPkFqFULIcyW5sbzgbkxn2FKRgwWiRexcuaR8RNJRy8+LLveqPjwZV/bwrLZCN0eUHD/x8D0heK1ozuoo6Q==",
+      "version": "7.22.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-hoist-variables/-/helper-hoist-variables-7.22.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wGjk9QZVzvknA6yKIUURb8zY3grXCcOZt+/7Wcy8O2uctxhplmUPkOdlgoNhmdVee2c92JXbf1xpMtVNbfoxRw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.5"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -271,28 +273,28 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration/-/helper-split-export-declaration-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-bde1etTx6ZyTmobl9LLMMQsaizFVZrquTEHOqKeQESMKo4PlObf+8+JA25ZsIpZhT/WEd39+vOdLXAFG/nELpA==",
+      "version": "7.22.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration/-/helper-split-export-declaration-7.22.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AsUnxuLhRYsisFiaJwvp1QF+I3KjD5FOxut14q/GzovUe6orHLesW2C7d754kRm53h5gqrz6sFl6sxc4BVtE/g==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.5"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.18.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.18.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XtIfWmeNY3i4t7t4D2t02q50HvqHybPqW2ki1kosnvWCwuCMeo81Jf0gwr85jy/neUdg5XDdeFE/80DXiO+njw==",
+      "version": "7.22.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.22.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mM4COjgZox8U+JcXQwPijIZLElkgEpO5rsERVDJTc2qfCDfERyob6k5WegS14SX18IIjv+XD+GrqNumY5JRCDw==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MmetCkz9ej86nJQV+sFCxoGGrUbU3q02kgLciwkrt9QqEB7cP39oKEY0PakknEO0Gu20SskMRi+AYZ3b1TpN9g==",
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Y4OZ+ytlatR8AI+8KZfKuL5urKp7qey08ha31L8b3BwewJAoJamTzyvxPR/5D+KkdJCGPq/+8TukHBlY10FX9A==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
@@ -321,12 +323,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/highlight": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-u7stbOuYjaPezCuLj29hNW1v64M2Md2qupEKP1fHc7WdOA3DgLh37suiSrZYY7haUB7iBeQZ9P1uiRF359do3g==",
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dkdMCN3py0+ksCgYmGG8jKeGA/8Tk+gJwSYYlFGxG5lmhfKNoAy004YpLxpS1W2J8m/EK2Ew+yOs9pVRwO89mg==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.18.6",
-        "chalk": "^2.0.0",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
+        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
         "js-tokens": "^4.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -334,9 +336,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-74bEXKX2h+8rrfQUfsBfuZZHzsEs6Eql4pqy/T4Nn6Y9wNPggQOqD6z6pn5Bl8ZfysKouFZT/UXEH94ummEeQw==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vvPKKdMemU85V9WE/l5wZEmImpCtLqbnTvqDS2U1fJ96KrxoW7KrXhNsNCblQlg8Ck4b85yxdTyelsMUgFUXiw==",
       "bin": {
         "parser": "bin/babel-parser.js"
       },
@@ -383,31 +385,31 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.18.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.18.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TI+rCtooWHr3QJ27kJxfjutghu44DLnasDMwpDqCXVTal9RLp3RSYNh4NdBrRP2cQAoG9A8juOQl6P6oZG4JxA==",
+      "version": "7.22.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.22.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QPErUVm4uyJa60rkI73qneDacvdvzxshT3kksGqlGWYdOTIUOwJ7RDUL8sGqslY1uXWSL6xMFKEXDS3ox2uF0w==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.10"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.22.15",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.15"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/traverse": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4pKpFRDh+utd2mbRC8JLnlsMUii3PMHjpL6a0SZ4NMZy7YFP9aXORxEhdMVOc9CpWtDF09IkciQLEhK7Ml7gRA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/generator": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": "^7.18.9",
-        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0",
+      "version": "7.23.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.23.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-azpe59SQ48qG6nu2CzcMLbxUudtN+dOM9kDbUqGq3HXUJRlo7i8fvPoxQUzYgLZ4cMVmuZgm8vvBpNeRhd6XSw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": "^7.22.20",
+        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": "^7.22.5",
+        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.22.6",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0",
         "debug": "^4.1.0",
         "globals": "^11.1.0"
       },
@@ -416,12 +418,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/types": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YuGopBq3ke25BVSiS6fgF49Ul9gH1x70Bcr6bqRLjWCkcX8Hre1/5+z+IiWOIerRMSSEfGZVB9z9kyq7wVs9YA==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0oIyUfKoI3mSqMvsxBdclDwxXKXAUA8v/apZbc+iSyARYou1o8ZGDxbUYyLFoW2arqS2jDGqJuZvv1d/io1axg==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.18.6",
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.22.5",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
         "to-fast-properties": "^2.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -1882,12 +1884,12 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-XPSJHWmi394fuUuzDnGz1wiKqWfo1yXecHQMRf2l6hztTO+nPru658AyDngaBe7isIxEkRsPR3FZh+s7iVa4Uw=="
     },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping": {
-      "version": "0.3.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oWZNOULl+UbhsgB51uuZzglikfIKSUBO/M9W2OfEjn7cmqoAiCgmv9lyACTUacZwBz0ITnJ2NqjU8Tx0DHL88g==",
+      "version": "0.3.19",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.19.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kf37QtfW+Hwx/buWGMPcR60iF9ziHa6r/CZJIHbmcm4+0qrXiVdxegAH0F6yddEVQ7zdkjcGCgCzUu+BcbhQxw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.0.3",
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10"
+        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.1.0",
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.14"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@loadable/component": {
@@ -10940,11 +10942,12 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TDCmlK5eOvH+eH7cdAFlNXeVJqWIQ7gW9tY1GJIpUtFb6CmjVyq2VM3u71bOyR8CRihcCgMUYoDNyLXao3+70Q==",
+      "version": "7.22.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XktuhWlJ5g+3TJXc5upd9Ks1HutSArik6jf2eAjYFyIOf4ej3RN+184cZbzDvbPnuTJIUhPKKJE3cIsYTiAT3w==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/highlight": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.13",
+        "chalk": "^2.4.2"
       }
     },
     "@babel/compat-data": {
@@ -10977,12 +10980,13 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-S1ahxf1gZ2dpoiFgA+ohK9DIpz50bJ0CWs7Zlzb54Z4sG8qmdIrGrVqmy1sAtTVRb+9CU6U8VqT9L0Zj7hxHVg==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lN85QRR+5IbYrMWM6Y4pE/noaQtg4pNiqeNGX60eqOfo6gtEj6uw/JagelB8vVztSd7R6M5n1+PQkDbHbBRU4g==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0",
         "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.2",
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.17",
         "jsesc": "^2.5.1"
       },
       "dependencies": {
@@ -11019,25 +11023,25 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": {
-      "version": "7.18.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.18.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3r/aACDJ3fhQ/EVgFy0hpj8oHyHpQc+LPtJoY9SzTThAsStm4Ptegq92vqKoE3vD706ZVFWITnMnxucw+S9Ipg=="
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zfedSIzFhat/gFhWfHtgWvlec0nqB9YEIVrpuwjruLlXfUSnA8cJB0miHKwqDnQ7d32aKo2xt88/xZptwxbfhA=="
     },
     "@babel/helper-function-name": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-function-name/-/helper-function-name-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WAwHBINyrpqywkUH0nTnNgI5ina5TFn85HKS0pbPDfxFfhyR/aNQEn4hGi1P1JyT//I0t4OgXUlofzWILRvS5w==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-function-name/-/helper-function-name-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OErEqsrxjZTJciZ4Oo+eoZqeW9UIiOcuYKRJA4ZAgV9myA+pOXhhmpfNCKjEH/auVfEYVFJ6y1Tc4r0eIApqiw==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.22.15",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0"
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-hoist-variables/-/helper-hoist-variables-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UlJQPkFqFULIcyW5sbzgbkxn2FKRgwWiRexcuaR8RNJRy8+LLveqPjwZV/bwrLZCN0eUHD/x8D0heK1ozuoo6Q==",
+      "version": "7.22.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-hoist-variables/-/helper-hoist-variables-7.22.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wGjk9QZVzvknA6yKIUURb8zY3grXCcOZt+/7Wcy8O2uctxhplmUPkOdlgoNhmdVee2c92JXbf1xpMtVNbfoxRw==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.5"
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-module-imports": {
@@ -11079,22 +11083,22 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration/-/helper-split-export-declaration-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-bde1etTx6ZyTmobl9LLMMQsaizFVZrquTEHOqKeQESMKo4PlObf+8+JA25ZsIpZhT/WEd39+vOdLXAFG/nELpA==",
+      "version": "7.22.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration/-/helper-split-export-declaration-7.22.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AsUnxuLhRYsisFiaJwvp1QF+I3KjD5FOxut14q/GzovUe6orHLesW2C7d754kRm53h5gqrz6sFl6sxc4BVtE/g==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.6"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.5"
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.18.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.18.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XtIfWmeNY3i4t7t4D2t02q50HvqHybPqW2ki1kosnvWCwuCMeo81Jf0gwr85jy/neUdg5XDdeFE/80DXiO+njw=="
+      "version": "7.22.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.22.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mM4COjgZox8U+JcXQwPijIZLElkgEpO5rsERVDJTc2qfCDfERyob6k5WegS14SX18IIjv+XD+GrqNumY5JRCDw=="
     },
     "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MmetCkz9ej86nJQV+sFCxoGGrUbU3q02kgLciwkrt9QqEB7cP39oKEY0PakknEO0Gu20SskMRi+AYZ3b1TpN9g=="
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Y4OZ+ytlatR8AI+8KZfKuL5urKp7qey08ha31L8b3BwewJAoJamTzyvxPR/5D+KkdJCGPq/+8TukHBlY10FX9A=="
     },
     "@babel/helper-validator-option": {
       "version": "7.18.6",
@@ -11114,19 +11118,19 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/highlight": {
-      "version": "7.18.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.18.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-u7stbOuYjaPezCuLj29hNW1v64M2Md2qupEKP1fHc7WdOA3DgLh37suiSrZYY7haUB7iBeQZ9P1uiRF359do3g==",
+      "version": "7.22.20",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.22.20.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dkdMCN3py0+ksCgYmGG8jKeGA/8Tk+gJwSYYlFGxG5lmhfKNoAy004YpLxpS1W2J8m/EK2Ew+yOs9pVRwO89mg==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.18.6",
-        "chalk": "^2.0.0",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
+        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
         "js-tokens": "^4.0.0"
       }
     },
     "@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-74bEXKX2h+8rrfQUfsBfuZZHzsEs6Eql4pqy/T4Nn6Y9wNPggQOqD6z6pn5Bl8ZfysKouFZT/UXEH94ummEeQw=="
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vvPKKdMemU85V9WE/l5wZEmImpCtLqbnTvqDS2U1fJ96KrxoW7KrXhNsNCblQlg8Ck4b85yxdTyelsMUgFUXiw=="
     },
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx": {
       "version": "7.18.6",
@@ -11155,39 +11159,39 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.18.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.18.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TI+rCtooWHr3QJ27kJxfjutghu44DLnasDMwpDqCXVTal9RLp3RSYNh4NdBrRP2cQAoG9A8juOQl6P6oZG4JxA==",
+      "version": "7.22.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.22.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QPErUVm4uyJa60rkI73qneDacvdvzxshT3kksGqlGWYdOTIUOwJ7RDUL8sGqslY1uXWSL6xMFKEXDS3ox2uF0w==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.18.10"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.22.15",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.22.15"
       }
     },
     "@babel/traverse": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4pKpFRDh+utd2mbRC8JLnlsMUii3PMHjpL6a0SZ4NMZy7YFP9aXORxEhdMVOc9CpWtDF09IkciQLEhK7Ml7gRA==",
-      "requires": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/generator": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": "^7.18.9",
-        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.18.6",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.19.0",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.19.0",
+      "version": "7.23.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.23.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-azpe59SQ48qG6nu2CzcMLbxUudtN+dOM9kDbUqGq3HXUJRlo7i8fvPoxQUzYgLZ4cMVmuZgm8vvBpNeRhd6XSw==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": "^7.22.20",
+        "@babel/helper-function-name": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/helper-hoist-variables": "^7.22.5",
+        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.22.6",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.23.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.23.0",
         "debug": "^4.1.0",
         "globals": "^11.1.0"
       }
     },
     "@babel/types": {
-      "version": "7.19.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.19.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YuGopBq3ke25BVSiS6fgF49Ul9gH1x70Bcr6bqRLjWCkcX8Hre1/5+z+IiWOIerRMSSEfGZVB9z9kyq7wVs9YA==",
+      "version": "7.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0oIyUfKoI3mSqMvsxBdclDwxXKXAUA8v/apZbc+iSyARYou1o8ZGDxbUYyLFoW2arqS2jDGqJuZvv1d/io1axg==",
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.18.10",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.18.6",
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.22.5",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
         "to-fast-properties": "^2.0.0"
       }
     },
@@ -12286,12 +12290,12 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-XPSJHWmi394fuUuzDnGz1wiKqWfo1yXecHQMRf2l6hztTO+nPru658AyDngaBe7isIxEkRsPR3FZh+s7iVa4Uw=="
     },
     "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": {
-      "version": "0.3.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oWZNOULl+UbhsgB51uuZzglikfIKSUBO/M9W2OfEjn7cmqoAiCgmv9lyACTUacZwBz0ITnJ2NqjU8Tx0DHL88g==",
+      "version": "0.3.19",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/-/trace-mapping-0.3.19.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kf37QtfW+Hwx/buWGMPcR60iF9ziHa6r/CZJIHbmcm4+0qrXiVdxegAH0F6yddEVQ7zdkjcGCgCzUu+BcbhQxw==",
       "requires": {
-        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.0.3",
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10"
+        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.1.0",
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.14"
       }
     },
     "@loadable/component": {

From 0f0a6fbe1efea7fe2bb9880880102fe0cb71e1f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 02:45:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 348/430] chore(deps): Bump toml from 0.7.8 to 0.8.2 (#12890)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                               | 6 +++---
 src/bench/Cargo.toml                     | 2 +-
 src/common/Cargo.toml                    | 2 +-
 src/tests/state_cleaning_test/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index df31c45e5667b..c9ecf627a383d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6958,7 +6958,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_storage",
  "serde",
  "tokio-stream",
- "toml 0.7.8",
+ "toml 0.8.2",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
  "workspace-hack",
@@ -7100,7 +7100,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tinyvec",
- "toml 0.7.8",
+ "toml 0.8.2",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -7972,7 +7972,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_with 3.3.0",
  "tokio-postgres",
  "tokio-stream",
- "toml 0.7.8",
+ "toml 0.8.2",
  "tracing",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
diff --git a/src/bench/Cargo.toml b/src/bench/Cargo.toml
index d3c74e385a4fe..31b8f5ce7cc94 100644
--- a/src/bench/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/bench/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "signal",
 ] }
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
-toml = "0.7"
+toml = "0.8"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = "0.3.17"
 
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index fd105333f645d..04db863a2ad68 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "time",
     "signal",
 ] }
-toml = "0.7"
+toml = "0.8"
 tonic = { workspace = true }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-opentelemetry = "0.21"
diff --git a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/Cargo.toml
index 2116e1d58659a..d9154309f4a99 100644
--- a/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/state_cleaning_test/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ serde_with = "3"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio" }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["fs"] }
-toml = "0.7"
+toml = "0.8"
 tracing = "0.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]

From 657a8ece0cc4f4a656182adc622f8f2a1e8b37cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 02:50:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 349/430] chore(deps): Bump xorf from 0.8.1 to 0.10.2 (#12619)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock             | 4 ++--
 src/storage/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c9ecf627a383d..c1e54a859abda 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -11037,9 +11037,9 @@ checksum = "4d25c75bf9ea12c4040a97f829154768bbbce366287e2dc044af160cd79a13fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "xorf"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57901b00e3f8e14f4d20b8955bf8087ecb545cfe2ed8741c2a2dbc89847a1a29"
+checksum = "7d36478bcf71152a2f9f6cf9bc48273333f32780c769ef90e13d464ab778db5f"
 dependencies = [
  "libm",
  "rand",
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 9e0fac5826d6a..0797c462d61e5 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ tokio-retry = "0.3"
 tonic = { workspace = true }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-futures = { version = "0.2", features = ["futures-03"] }
-xorf = "0.8.1"
+xorf = "0.10.2"
 xxhash-rust = { version = "0.8.7", features = ["xxh32", "xxh64"] }
 zstd = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
 

From 0f61b00beb8b9ab04b0bc433d48fb9b1acb2fcae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zihao Xu <xzhseh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 23:07:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 350/430] feat(expr): add `regexp_split_to_array` (#12844)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part       | 45 +++++++++++++
 proto/expr.proto                         |  1 +
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs       | 83 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs |  1 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs            |  1 +
 src/tests/regress/data/sql/strings.sql   | 26 ++++----
 6 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
index 32156d252d6e4..ebcce5ceb6a47 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/basic/func.slt.part
@@ -650,3 +650,48 @@ query T
 select regexp_count('💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar亲爱的😭baz这不是爱情❤️‍🔥', '亲爱的😭', 1, 'i');
 ----
 1
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('apple,banana,orange', ',');
+----
+{apple,banana,orange}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('apple.banana!orange', '[.!]');
+----
+{apple,banana,orange}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('applebananaorange', ',');
+----
+{applebananaorange}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('', ',');
+----
+{""}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '\s+');
+----
+{the,quick,brown,fox,jumps,over,the,lazy,dog}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '\s*');
+----
+{t,h,e,q,u,i,c,k,b,r,o,w,n,f,o,x,j,u,m,p,s,o,v,e,r,t,h,e,l,a,z,y,d,o,g}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('apple\\banana,orange', '\\\\|,');
+----
+{apple,banana,orange}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('apple!!!banana?orange???grape', '[!?]+');
+----
+{apple,banana,orange,grape}
+
+query T
+select regexp_split_to_array('💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar亲爱的😭baz这不是爱情❤️‍🔥', '亲爱的😭');
+----
+{💩💩💩💩💩foo🤔️bar,baz这不是爱情❤️‍🔥}
diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index cceaecd64011a..1271249b9fdcf 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ message ExprNode {
     REGEXP_MATCH = 232;
     REGEXP_REPLACE = 280;
     REGEXP_COUNT = 281;
+    REGEXP_SPLIT_TO_ARRAY = 282;
     POW = 233;
     EXP = 234;
     CHR = 235;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
index 97186b15d29a5..d919334fe2c98 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/regexp.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use fancy_regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
 use risingwave_common::array::ListValue;
+use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 use risingwave_expr::{bail, function, ExprError, Result};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -438,3 +439,85 @@ fn regexp_replace(
         Ok(ret.into())
     }
 }
+
+#[function(
+    // regexp_split_to_array(source, pattern)
+    "regexp_split_to_array(varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern($1)?"
+)]
+#[function(
+    // regexp_split_to_array(source, pattern, flags)
+    "regexp_split_to_array(varchar, varchar, varchar) -> varchar[]",
+    prebuild = "RegexpContext::from_pattern_flags($1, $2)?"
+)]
+fn regexp_split_to_array(text: &str, regex: &RegexpContext) -> Option<ListValue> {
+    let n = text.len();
+    let mut start = 0;
+    let mut list: Vec<Option<ScalarImpl>> = Vec::new();
+    let mut empty_flag = false;
+
+    loop {
+        if start >= n {
+            // Prevent overflow
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let capture = regex.regex.captures(&text[start..]).unwrap();
+
+        if capture.is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let whole_match = capture.unwrap().get(0);
+        debug_assert!(whole_match.is_some(), "Expected `whole_match` to be valid");
+
+        let begin = whole_match.unwrap().start() + start;
+        let end = whole_match.unwrap().end() + start;
+
+        if begin == end {
+            // Empty match (i.e., `\s*`)
+            empty_flag = true;
+
+            if begin == text.len() {
+                // We do not need to push extra stuff to the result list
+                start = begin;
+                break;
+            }
+            list.push(Some(text[start..begin + 1].into()));
+            start = end + 1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if start == begin {
+            // The before match is possibly empty
+            if !empty_flag {
+                // We'll push an empty string to conform with postgres
+                // If there does not exists a empty match before
+                list.push(Some("".to_string().into()));
+            }
+            start = end;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if begin != 0 {
+            // Normal case
+            list.push(Some(text[start..begin].into()));
+        }
+
+        // We should update the `start` no matter `begin` is zero or not
+        start = end;
+    }
+
+    if start < n {
+        // Push the extra text to the list
+        // Note that this will implicitly push the entire text to the list
+        // If there is no match, which is the expected behavior
+        list.push(Some(text[start..].into()));
+    }
+
+    if start == n && !empty_flag {
+        list.push(Some("".to_string().into()));
+    }
+
+    Some(ListValue::new(list))
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index 7bfac8e029ddf..a4cb82528cb37 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -781,6 +781,7 @@ impl Binder {
                 ("regexp_match", raw_call(ExprType::RegexpMatch)),
                 ("regexp_replace", raw_call(ExprType::RegexpReplace)),
                 ("regexp_count", raw_call(ExprType::RegexpCount)),
+                ("regexp_split_to_array", raw_call(ExprType::RegexpSplitToArray)),
                 ("chr", raw_call(ExprType::Chr)),
                 ("starts_with", raw_call(ExprType::StartsWith)),
                 ("initcap", raw_call(ExprType::Initcap)),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 4bd7a997ba41c..5fb96675cfe3c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::RegexpMatch
             | expr_node::Type::RegexpReplace
             | expr_node::Type::RegexpCount
+            | expr_node::Type::RegexpSplitToArray
             | expr_node::Type::Pow
             | expr_node::Type::Exp
             | expr_node::Type::Ln
diff --git a/src/tests/regress/data/sql/strings.sql b/src/tests/regress/data/sql/strings.sql
index 5cb5cee1e7fa2..b4b77ffaa15e3 100644
--- a/src/tests/regress/data/sql/strings.sql
+++ b/src/tests/regress/data/sql/strings.sql
@@ -239,20 +239,24 @@ SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
 --@ SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
 --@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
 --@ SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
+
 --@ -- case insensitive
 --@ SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
---@ -- no match of pattern
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
+
+-- no match of pattern
 --@ SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
---@ -- some corner cases
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
---@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
+
+-- some corner cases
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
+
 --@ -- errors
 --@ SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
 --@ SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');

From e6bc12f17d3d724a202d4eaff965ec32cd4cb45e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 11:50:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 351/430] chore(deps): Bump prometheus-http-query from 0.6.6 to
 0.7.0 (#12843)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock          | 6 +++---
 src/meta/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c1e54a859abda..430fb2ad4b162 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6249,13 +6249,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prometheus-http-query"
-version = "0.6.6"
+version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7970fd6e91b5cb87e9a093657572a896d133879ced7752d2c7635beae29eaba0"
+checksum = "8e7c6186f0b66203811641c88ca4e5817182caa7553868359bafa5b17d97f37f"
 dependencies = [
+ "mime",
  "reqwest",
  "serde",
- "serde_json",
  "time",
  "url",
 ]
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index f9876eb9cfe25..05692b7238ff7 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ num-traits = "0.2"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 parse-display = "0.8"
 prometheus = "0.13"
-prometheus-http-query = "0.6"
+prometheus-http-query = "0.7"
 prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
 regex = "1"

From 3fd760e21a2ba34a65a01ed9a00f80225e808ce3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 12:04:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 352/430] chore(deps): Bump simd-json from 0.11.1 to 0.12.0
 (#12891)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock               | 4 ++--
 src/connector/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 430fb2ad4b162..94c5ca804ea42 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -9001,9 +9001,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "simd-json"
-version = "0.11.1"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "474b451aaac1828ed12f6454a80fe58b940ae2998d10389d41533940a6f641bf"
+checksum = "f0f07a84c7456b901b8dd2c1d44caca8b0fd2c2616206ee5acc9d9da61e8d9ec"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "halfbrown",
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index df51666e30790..f0890080c8c5d 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive", "rc"] }
 serde_derive = "1"
 serde_json = "1"
 serde_with = { version = "3", features = ["json"] }
-simd-json = "0.11.1"
+simd-json = "0.12.0"
 strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 tempfile = "3"

From b39aef33c44a2223e8efee8b6322929ea8f5fda8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 12:49:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 353/430] feat: expose hidden and distribution keys of columns
 in sql command and rw_columns (#12839)

---
 e2e_test/ddl/show.slt                         |  35 +++--
 e2e_test/extended_mode/basic.slt              |  23 +--
 .../information_schema/columns.rs             |   3 +-
 .../system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_attribute.rs |   3 +-
 .../system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_columns.rs   |  53 +++++--
 src/frontend/src/handler/describe.rs          | 144 ++++++++++--------
 src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs              |  19 ++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs              |  13 +-
 src/frontend/src/session.rs                   |  10 ++
 9 files changed, 193 insertions(+), 110 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/ddl/show.slt b/e2e_test/ddl/show.slt
index 787aacddb0330..5ae7575668645 100644
--- a/e2e_test/ddl/show.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/ddl/show.slt
@@ -7,20 +7,23 @@ create materialized view mv3 as select sum(v1) as sum_v1 from t3;
 statement ok
 create view v3 as select sum(v2) as sum_v2 from t3;
 
-query TT
+query TTT
 describe t3;
 ----
-v1 integer
-v2 integer
-v3 integer
-primary key _row_id
+v1 integer false
+v2 integer false
+v3 integer false
+_row_id serial true
+primary key _row_id NULL
+distribution key _row_id NULL
 
-query TT
+query TTT
 show columns from t3;
 ----
-v1 integer
-v2 integer
-v3 integer
+v1 integer false
+v2 integer false
+v3 integer false
+_row_id serial true
 
 statement ok
 create index idx1 on t3 (v1,v2);
@@ -30,14 +33,16 @@ show indexes from t3;
 ----
 idx1 t3 v1 ASC, v2 ASC v3 v1
 
-query TT
+query TTT
 describe t3;
 ----
-v1 integer
-v2 integer
-v3 integer
-primary key _row_id
-idx1 index(v1 ASC, v2 ASC) include(v3) distributed by(v1)
+v1 integer false
+v2 integer false
+v3 integer false
+_row_id serial true
+primary key _row_id NULL
+distribution key _row_id NULL
+idx1 index(v1 ASC, v2 ASC) include(v3) distributed by(v1) NULL
 
 query TT
 show create index idx1;
diff --git a/e2e_test/extended_mode/basic.slt b/e2e_test/extended_mode/basic.slt
index 51513a444ec79..7869494979e47 100644
--- a/e2e_test/extended_mode/basic.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/extended_mode/basic.slt
@@ -39,20 +39,23 @@ values(round(42.4382));
 statement ok
 create table t3 (v1 int, v2 int, v3 int);
 
-query TT
+query TTT
 describe t3;
 ----
-v1 integer
-v2 integer
-v3 integer
-primary key _row_id
-
-query TT
+v1 integer false
+v2 integer false
+v3 integer false
+_row_id serial true
+primary key _row_id NULL
+distribution key _row_id NULL
+
+query TTT
 show columns from t3;
 ----
-v1 integer
-v2 integer
-v3 integer
+v1 integer false
+v2 integer false
+v3 integer false
+_row_id serial true
 
 statement ok
 drop table t3;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/information_schema/columns.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/information_schema/columns.rs
index 3f8c6726f529c..136451237b52d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/information_schema/columns.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/information_schema/columns.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ pub static INFORMATION_SCHEMA_COLUMNS: LazyLock<BuiltinView> = LazyLock::new(||
                 c.udt_type AS udt_name \
             FROM rw_catalog.rw_columns c \
             LEFT JOIN rw_catalog.rw_relations r ON c.relation_id = r.id \
-            JOIN rw_catalog.rw_schemas s ON s.id = r.schema_id\
+            JOIN rw_catalog.rw_schemas s ON s.id = r.schema_id \
+            WHERE c.is_hidden = false\
     "
     .to_string(),
 });
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_attribute.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_attribute.rs
index 4ac5ccbe4de03..ff75778182d0e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_attribute.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_attribute.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ pub static PG_ATTRIBUTE: LazyLock<BuiltinView> = LazyLock::new(|| BuiltinView {
                  ''::varchar AS attidentity, \
                  ''::varchar AS attgenerated, \
                  -1 AS atttypmod \
-           FROM rw_catalog.rw_columns c\
+           FROM rw_catalog.rw_columns c \
+           WHERE c.is_hidden = false\
     "
     .to_string(),
 });
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_columns.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_columns.rs
index a1b867f15eded..dd8cc72ed9bf5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_columns.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_columns.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ pub static RW_COLUMNS: LazyLock<BuiltinTable> = LazyLock::new(|| BuiltinTable {
         (DataType::Int32, "relation_id"), // belonged relation id
         (DataType::Varchar, "name"),      // column name
         (DataType::Int32, "position"),    // 1-indexed position
+        (DataType::Boolean, "is_hidden"),
+        (DataType::Boolean, "is_primary_key"),
+        (DataType::Boolean, "is_distribution_key"),
         (DataType::Varchar, "data_type"),
         (DataType::Int32, "type_oid"),
         (DataType::Int16, "type_len"),
@@ -50,6 +53,9 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(view.id as i32)),
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.name.clone().into())),
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(index as i32 + 1)),
+                            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false)),
+                            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false)),
+                            Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false)),
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.data_type().to_string().into())),
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(column.data_type().to_oid())),
                             Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(column.data_type().type_len())),
@@ -58,24 +64,49 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
                     })
                 });
 
+                let rows = schema
+                    .iter_system_tables()
+                    .flat_map(|table| {
+                        table
+                            .columns
+                            .iter()
+                            .enumerate()
+                            .map(move |(index, column)| {
+                                OwnedRow::new(vec![
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(table.id.table_id as i32)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.name().into())),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(index as i32 + 1)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(column.is_hidden)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(table.pk.contains(&index))),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(false)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.data_type().to_string().into())),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(column.data_type().to_oid())),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(column.data_type().type_len())),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.data_type().pg_name().into())),
+                                ])
+                            })
+                    })
+                    .chain(view_rows);
+
                 schema
                     .iter_valid_table()
-                    .map(|table| (table.id.table_id(), table.columns()))
-                    .chain(
-                        schema
-                            .iter_system_tables()
-                            .map(|table| (table.id.table_id(), table.columns())),
-                    )
-                    .flat_map(|(id, columns)| {
-                        columns
+                    .flat_map(|table| {
+                        table
+                            .columns
                             .iter()
                             .enumerate()
-                            .filter(|(_, column)| !column.is_hidden())
                             .map(move |(index, column)| {
                                 OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(id as i32)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(table.id.table_id as i32)),
                                     Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.name().into())),
                                     Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(index as i32 + 1)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(column.is_hidden)),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(
+                                        table.pk().iter().any(|idx| idx.column_index == index),
+                                    )),
+                                    Some(ScalarImpl::Bool(
+                                        table.distribution_key().contains(&index),
+                                    )),
                                     Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(column.data_type().to_string().into())),
                                     Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(column.data_type().to_oid())),
                                     Some(ScalarImpl::Int16(column.data_type().type_len())),
@@ -83,7 +114,7 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
                                 ])
                             })
                     })
-                    .chain(view_rows)
+                    .chain(rows)
             })
             .collect_vec())
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/describe.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/describe.rs
index f2fb89d02a7dc..4100b9a20be02 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/describe.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/describe.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_field_descriptor::PgFieldDescriptor;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use pgwire::types::Row;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnDesc;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, ColumnDesc};
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{display_comma_separated, ObjectName};
@@ -34,65 +34,66 @@ pub fn handle_describe(handler_args: HandlerArgs, table_name: ObjectName) -> Res
     let mut binder = Binder::new_for_system(&session);
     let relation = binder.bind_relation_by_name(table_name.clone(), None, false)?;
     // For Source, it doesn't have table catalog so use get source to get column descs.
-    let (columns, pk_columns, indices): (Vec<ColumnDesc>, Vec<ColumnDesc>, Vec<Arc<IndexCatalog>>) = {
-        let (column_catalogs, pk_column_catalogs, indices) = match relation {
-            Relation::Source(s) => {
-                let pk_column_catalogs = s
-                    .catalog
-                    .pk_col_ids
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&column_id| {
-                        s.catalog
-                            .columns
-                            .iter()
-                            .filter(|x| x.column_id() == column_id)
-                            .exactly_one()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .clone()
-                    })
-                    .collect_vec();
-                (s.catalog.columns, pk_column_catalogs, vec![])
-            }
-            Relation::BaseTable(t) => {
-                let pk_column_catalogs = t
-                    .table_catalog
-                    .pk()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|x| t.table_catalog.columns[x.column_index].clone())
-                    .collect_vec();
-                (t.table_catalog.columns, pk_column_catalogs, t.table_indexes)
-            }
-            Relation::SystemTable(t) => {
-                let pk_column_catalogs = t
-                    .sys_table_catalog
-                    .pk
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|idx| t.sys_table_catalog.columns[*idx].clone())
-                    .collect_vec();
-                (
-                    t.sys_table_catalog.columns.clone(),
-                    pk_column_catalogs,
-                    vec![],
-                )
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return Err(
-                    CatalogError::NotFound("table or source", table_name.to_string()).into(),
-                );
-            }
-        };
-        (
-            column_catalogs
-                .into_iter()
-                .filter(|c| !c.is_hidden)
-                .map(|c| c.column_desc)
-                .collect(),
-            pk_column_catalogs
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|c| c.column_desc)
-                .collect(),
-            indices,
-        )
+    let (columns, pk_columns, dist_columns, indices): (
+        Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
+        Vec<ColumnDesc>,
+        Vec<ColumnDesc>,
+        Vec<Arc<IndexCatalog>>,
+    ) = match relation {
+        Relation::Source(s) => {
+            let pk_column_catalogs = s
+                .catalog
+                .pk_col_ids
+                .iter()
+                .map(|&column_id| {
+                    s.catalog
+                        .columns
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|x| x.column_id() == column_id)
+                        .map(|x| x.column_desc.clone())
+                        .exactly_one()
+                        .unwrap()
+                })
+                .collect_vec();
+            (s.catalog.columns, pk_column_catalogs, vec![], vec![])
+        }
+        Relation::BaseTable(t) => {
+            let pk_column_catalogs = t
+                .table_catalog
+                .pk()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|x| t.table_catalog.columns[x.column_index].column_desc.clone())
+                .collect_vec();
+            let dist_columns = t
+                .table_catalog
+                .distribution_key()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|idx| t.table_catalog.columns[*idx].column_desc.clone())
+                .collect_vec();
+            (
+                t.table_catalog.columns,
+                pk_column_catalogs,
+                dist_columns,
+                t.table_indexes,
+            )
+        }
+        Relation::SystemTable(t) => {
+            let pk_column_catalogs = t
+                .sys_table_catalog
+                .pk
+                .iter()
+                .map(|idx| t.sys_table_catalog.columns[*idx].column_desc.clone())
+                .collect_vec();
+            (
+                t.sys_table_catalog.columns.clone(),
+                pk_column_catalogs,
+                vec![],
+                vec![],
+            )
+        }
+        _ => {
+            return Err(CatalogError::NotFound("table or source", table_name.to_string()).into());
+        }
     };
 
     // Convert all column descs to rows
@@ -109,6 +110,22 @@ pub fn handle_describe(handler_args: HandlerArgs, table_name: ObjectName) -> Res
                 )
                 .into(),
             ),
+            None,
+        ]));
+    }
+
+    // Convert distribution keys to rows
+    if !dist_columns.is_empty() {
+        rows.push(Row::new(vec![
+            Some("distribution key".into()),
+            Some(
+                display_comma_separated(
+                    &dist_columns.into_iter().map(|col| col.name).collect_vec(),
+                )
+                .to_string()
+                .into(),
+            ),
+            None,
         ]));
     }
 
@@ -138,6 +155,7 @@ pub fn handle_describe(handler_args: HandlerArgs, table_name: ObjectName) -> Res
                     .into(),
                 )
             },
+            None,
         ])
     }));
 
@@ -156,6 +174,11 @@ pub fn handle_describe(handler_args: HandlerArgs, table_name: ObjectName) -> Res
                     DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
                     DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
                 ),
+                PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                    "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
+                    DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                    DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+                ),
             ],
         )
         .into())
@@ -208,6 +231,7 @@ mod tests {
             "v3".into() => "integer".into(),
             "v4".into() => "integer".into(),
             "primary key".into() => "v3".into(),
+            "distribution key".into() => "v3".into(),
             "idx1".into() => "index(v1 DESC, v2 ASC, v3 ASC) include(v4) distributed by(v1)".into(),
         };
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
index 3e06fbbc62a81..15b423e259299 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_field_descriptor::PgFieldDescriptor;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use pgwire::types::Row;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ use crate::session::SessionImpl;
 pub fn get_columns_from_table(
     session: &SessionImpl,
     table_name: ObjectName,
-) -> Result<Vec<ColumnDesc>> {
+) -> Result<Vec<ColumnCatalog>> {
     let mut binder = Binder::new_for_system(session);
     let relation = binder.bind_relation_by_name(table_name.clone(), None, false)?;
-    let catalogs = match relation {
+    let column_catalogs = match relation {
         Relation::Source(s) => s.catalog.columns,
         Relation::BaseTable(t) => t.table_catalog.columns,
         Relation::SystemTable(t) => t.sys_table_catalog.columns.clone(),
@@ -52,11 +52,7 @@ pub fn get_columns_from_table(
         }
     };
 
-    Ok(catalogs
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter(|c| !c.is_hidden)
-        .map(|c| c.column_desc)
-        .collect())
+    Ok(column_catalogs)
 }
 
 pub fn get_indexes_from_table(
@@ -159,6 +155,11 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
                             DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
                             DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
                         ),
+                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                            "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
+                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+                        ),
                     ],
                 )
                 .into());
@@ -583,6 +584,8 @@ mod tests {
             "country.city.zipcode".into() => "character varying".into(),
             "rate".into() => "real".into(),
             "country".into() => "test.Country".into(),
+            "_rw_kafka_timestamp".into() => "timestamp with time zone".into(),
+            "_row_id".into() => "serial".into(),
         };
 
         assert_eq!(columns, expected_columns);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
index a5645b38b1c48..66494be928d42 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/util.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use pgwire::pg_server::BoxedError;
 use pgwire::types::{Format, FormatIterator, Row};
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, Field};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result as RwResult};
 use risingwave_common::row::Row as _;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarRefImpl, Timestamptz};
@@ -170,11 +170,12 @@ fn to_pg_rows(
 }
 
 /// Convert column descs to rows which conclude name and type
-pub fn col_descs_to_rows(columns: Vec<ColumnDesc>) -> Vec<Row> {
+pub fn col_descs_to_rows(columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>) -> Vec<Row> {
     columns
         .iter()
         .flat_map(|col| {
-            col.flatten()
+            col.column_desc
+                .flatten()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|c| {
                     let type_name = if let DataType::Struct { .. } = c.data_type {
@@ -182,7 +183,11 @@ pub fn col_descs_to_rows(columns: Vec<ColumnDesc>) -> Vec<Row> {
                     } else {
                         c.data_type.to_string()
                     };
-                    Row::new(vec![Some(c.name.into()), Some(type_name.into())])
+                    Row::new(vec![
+                        Some(c.name.into()),
+                        Some(type_name.into()),
+                        Some(col.is_hidden.to_string().into()),
+                    ])
                 })
                 .collect_vec()
         })
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/session.rs b/src/frontend/src/session.rs
index 9f9390cb629c2..f257a06521f33 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/session.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/session.rs
@@ -1102,6 +1102,11 @@ fn infer(bound: Option<BoundStatement>, stmt: Statement) -> Result<Vec<PgFieldDe
                     DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
                     DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
                 ),
+                PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                    "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
+                    DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                    DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+                ),
             ]),
             _ => Ok(vec![PgFieldDescriptor::new(
                 "Name".to_owned(),
@@ -1160,6 +1165,11 @@ fn infer(bound: Option<BoundStatement>, stmt: Statement) -> Result<Vec<PgFieldDe
                 DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
                 DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
             ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
         ]),
         Statement::Explain { .. } => Ok(vec![PgFieldDescriptor::new(
             "QUERY PLAN".to_owned(),

From d2ec83c88b76e2a0d9b2c9ec59b05dd43edca780 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 13:34:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 354/430] feat(cmd_all): provide common options `config-path`
 and `prometheus-listen-addr` (#12867)

---
 src/cmd_all/src/common.rs     |   1 +
 src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs | 277 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 185 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
index 4d9a47e7d4716..c7df4e5821360 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/common.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub enum RisingWaveService {
     Compute(Vec<OsString>),
     Meta(Vec<OsString>),
     Frontend(Vec<OsString>),
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     Compactor(Vec<OsString>),
     ConnectorNode(Vec<OsString>),
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
index 2a9039c53cfa1..f7c8068cf33b9 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
@@ -14,43 +14,112 @@
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::Parser;
+use risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts;
+use risingwave_compute::ComputeNodeOpts;
+use risingwave_frontend::FrontendOpts;
+use risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts;
 use shell_words::split;
 use tokio::signal;
 
-use crate::common::{osstrs, RisingWaveService};
+use crate::common::osstrs;
 
 #[derive(Eq, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Parser)]
 pub struct StandaloneOpts {
     /// Compute node options
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPUTE_OPTS")]
+    /// If missing, compute node won't start
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_COMPUTE_OPTS")]
     compute_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_META_OPTS")]
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_META_OPTS")]
     /// Meta node options
+    /// If missing, meta node won't start
     meta_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(short, long, env = "STANDALONE_FRONTEND_OPTS")]
+    #[clap(short, long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_FRONTEND_OPTS")]
     /// Frontend node options
+    /// If missing, frontend node won't start
     frontend_opts: Option<String>,
 
-    #[clap(long, env = "STANDALONE_COMPACTOR_OPTS")]
-    /// Frontend node options
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_COMPACTOR_OPTS")]
+    /// Compactor node options
+    /// If missing compactor node won't start
     compactor_opts: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_PROMETHEUS_LISTENER_ADDR")]
+    /// Prometheus listener address
+    /// If present, it will override prometheus listener address for
+    /// Frontend, Compute and Compactor nodes
+    prometheus_listener_addr: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_STANDALONE_CONFIG_PATH")]
+    /// Path to the config file
+    /// If present, it will override config path for
+    /// Frontend, Compute and Compactor nodes
+    config_path: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ParsedStandaloneOpts {
-    pub meta_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    pub compute_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    pub frontend_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    pub compactor_opts: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub meta_opts: Option<MetaNodeOpts>,
+    pub compute_opts: Option<ComputeNodeOpts>,
+    pub frontend_opts: Option<FrontendOpts>,
+    pub compactor_opts: Option<CompactorOpts>,
 }
 
 fn parse_opt_args(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> ParsedStandaloneOpts {
-    let meta_opts = opts.meta_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
-    let compute_opts = opts.compute_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
-    let frontend_opts = opts.frontend_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
-    let compactor_opts = opts.compactor_opts.as_ref().map(|s| split(s).unwrap());
+    let meta_opts = opts.meta_opts.as_ref().map(|s| {
+        let mut s = split(s).unwrap();
+        s.insert(0, "meta-node".into());
+        s
+    });
+    let mut meta_opts = meta_opts.map(|o| MetaNodeOpts::parse_from(osstrs(o)));
+
+    let compute_opts = opts.compute_opts.as_ref().map(|s| {
+        let mut s = split(s).unwrap();
+        s.insert(0, "compute-node".into());
+        s
+    });
+    let mut compute_opts = compute_opts.map(|o| ComputeNodeOpts::parse_from(osstrs(o)));
+
+    let frontend_opts = opts.frontend_opts.as_ref().map(|s| {
+        let mut s = split(s).unwrap();
+        s.insert(0, "frontend-node".into());
+        s
+    });
+    let mut frontend_opts = frontend_opts.map(|o| FrontendOpts::parse_from(osstrs(o)));
+
+    let compactor_opts = opts.compactor_opts.as_ref().map(|s| {
+        let mut s = split(s).unwrap();
+        s.insert(0, "compactor-node".into());
+        s
+    });
+    let mut compactor_opts = compactor_opts.map(|o| CompactorOpts::parse_from(osstrs(o)));
+
+    if let Some(config_path) = opts.config_path.as_ref() {
+        if let Some(meta_opts) = meta_opts.as_mut() {
+            meta_opts.config_path = config_path.clone();
+        }
+        if let Some(compute_opts) = compute_opts.as_mut() {
+            compute_opts.config_path = config_path.clone();
+        }
+        if let Some(frontend_opts) = frontend_opts.as_mut() {
+            frontend_opts.config_path = config_path.clone();
+        }
+        if let Some(compactor_opts) = compactor_opts.as_mut() {
+            compactor_opts.config_path = config_path.clone();
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(prometheus_listener_addr) = opts.prometheus_listener_addr.as_ref() {
+        if let Some(compute_opts) = compute_opts.as_mut() {
+            compute_opts.prometheus_listener_addr = prometheus_listener_addr.clone();
+        }
+        if let Some(frontend_opts) = frontend_opts.as_mut() {
+            frontend_opts.prometheus_listener_addr = prometheus_listener_addr.clone();
+        }
+        if let Some(compactor_opts) = compactor_opts.as_mut() {
+            compactor_opts.prometheus_listener_addr = prometheus_listener_addr.clone();
+        }
+    }
     ParsedStandaloneOpts {
         meta_opts,
         compute_opts,
@@ -59,72 +128,38 @@ fn parse_opt_args(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> ParsedStandaloneOpts {
     }
 }
 
-fn get_services(opts: &StandaloneOpts) -> Vec<RisingWaveService> {
+pub async fn standalone(opts: StandaloneOpts) -> Result<()> {
+    tracing::info!("launching Risingwave in standalone mode");
+
     let ParsedStandaloneOpts {
         meta_opts,
         compute_opts,
         frontend_opts,
         compactor_opts,
-    } = parse_opt_args(opts);
-    let mut services = vec![];
-    if let Some(meta_opts) = meta_opts {
-        services.push(RisingWaveService::Meta(osstrs(meta_opts)));
-    }
-    if let Some(compute_opts) = compute_opts {
-        services.push(RisingWaveService::Compute(osstrs(compute_opts)));
+    } = parse_opt_args(&opts);
+
+    if let Some(opts) = meta_opts {
+        tracing::info!("starting meta-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
+
+        let _meta_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            risingwave_meta::start(opts).await;
+            tracing::warn!("meta is stopped, shutdown all nodes");
+        });
+        // wait for the service to be ready
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
     }
-    if let Some(frontend_opts) = frontend_opts {
-        services.push(RisingWaveService::Frontend(osstrs(frontend_opts)));
+    if let Some(opts) = compute_opts {
+        tracing::info!("starting compute-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
+        let _compute_handle = tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_compute::start(opts).await });
     }
-    if let Some(compactor_opts) = compactor_opts {
-        services.push(RisingWaveService::Compactor(osstrs(compactor_opts)));
+    if let Some(opts) = frontend_opts {
+        tracing::info!("starting frontend-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
+        let _frontend_handle = tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_frontend::start(opts).await });
     }
-    services
-}
-
-pub async fn standalone(opts: StandaloneOpts) -> Result<()> {
-    tracing::info!("launching Risingwave in standalone mode");
-
-    let services = get_services(&opts);
-
-    for service in services {
-        match service {
-            RisingWaveService::Meta(mut opts) => {
-                opts.insert(0, "meta-node".into());
-                tracing::info!("starting meta-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
-                let opts = risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from(opts);
-                let _meta_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
-                    risingwave_meta::start(opts).await;
-                    tracing::warn!("meta is stopped, shutdown all nodes");
-                });
-                // wait for the service to be ready
-                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-            }
-            RisingWaveService::Compute(mut opts) => {
-                opts.insert(0, "compute-node".into());
-                tracing::info!("starting compute-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
-                let opts = risingwave_compute::ComputeNodeOpts::parse_from(opts);
-                let _compute_handle =
-                    tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_compute::start(opts).await });
-            }
-            RisingWaveService::Frontend(mut opts) => {
-                opts.insert(0, "frontend-node".into());
-                tracing::info!("starting frontend-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
-                let opts = risingwave_frontend::FrontendOpts::parse_from(opts);
-                let _frontend_handle =
-                    tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_frontend::start(opts).await });
-            }
-            RisingWaveService::Compactor(mut opts) => {
-                opts.insert(0, "compactor-node".into());
-                tracing::info!("starting compactor-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
-                let opts = risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts::parse_from(opts);
-                let _compactor_handle =
-                    tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_compactor::start(opts).await });
-            }
-            RisingWaveService::ConnectorNode(_) => {
-                panic!("Connector node unsupported in Risingwave standalone mode.");
-            }
-        }
+    if let Some(opts) = compactor_opts {
+        tracing::info!("starting compactor-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
+        let _compactor_handle =
+            tokio::spawn(async move { risingwave_compactor::start(opts).await });
     }
 
     // wait for log messages to be flushed
@@ -159,16 +194,20 @@ mod test {
     fn test_parse_opt_args() {
         // Test parsing into standalone-level opts.
         let raw_opts = "
---compute-opts=--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000
---meta-opts=--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001
---frontend-opts=--some-option
+--compute-opts=--listen-addr 127.0.0.1:8000 --total-memory-bytes 34359738368 --parallelism 10
+--meta-opts=--advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:9999 --data-directory \"some path with spaces\" --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:8001
+--frontend-opts=--config-path=src/config/original.toml
+--prometheus-listener-addr=127.0.0.1:1234
+--config-path=src/config/test.toml
 ";
         let actual = StandaloneOpts::parse_from(raw_opts.lines());
         let opts = StandaloneOpts {
-            compute_opts: Some("--listen-address 127.0.0.1 --port 8000".into()),
-            meta_opts: Some("--data-dir \"some path with spaces\" --port 8001".into()),
-            frontend_opts: Some("--some-option".into()),
+            compute_opts: Some("--listen-addr 127.0.0.1:8000 --total-memory-bytes 34359738368 --parallelism 10".into()),
+            meta_opts: Some("--advertise-addr 127.0.0.1:9999 --data-directory \"some path with spaces\" --listen-addr 127.0.0.1:8001".into()),
+            frontend_opts: Some("--config-path=src/config/original.toml".into()),
             compactor_opts: None,
+            prometheus_listener_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:1234".into()),
+            config_path: Some("src/config/test.toml".into()),
         };
         assert_eq!(actual, opts);
 
@@ -179,25 +218,77 @@ mod test {
             expect![[r#"
                 ParsedStandaloneOpts {
                     meta_opts: Some(
-                        [
-                            "--data-dir",
-                            "some path with spaces",
-                            "--port",
-                            "8001",
-                        ],
+                        MetaNodeOpts {
+                            vpc_id: None,
+                            security_group_id: None,
+                            listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:8001",
+                            advertise_addr: "127.0.0.1:9999",
+                            dashboard_host: None,
+                            prometheus_host: None,
+                            etcd_endpoints: "",
+                            etcd_auth: false,
+                            etcd_username: "",
+                            etcd_password: "",
+                            sql_endpoint: None,
+                            dashboard_ui_path: None,
+                            prometheus_endpoint: None,
+                            connector_rpc_endpoint: None,
+                            privatelink_endpoint_default_tags: None,
+                            config_path: "src/config/test.toml",
+                            backend: None,
+                            barrier_interval_ms: None,
+                            sstable_size_mb: None,
+                            block_size_kb: None,
+                            bloom_false_positive: None,
+                            state_store: None,
+                            data_directory: Some(
+                                "some path with spaces",
+                            ),
+                            do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle: None,
+                            backup_storage_url: None,
+                            backup_storage_directory: None,
+                            object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_upload_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_read_timeout_ms: None,
+                            heap_profiling_dir: None,
+                        },
                     ),
                     compute_opts: Some(
-                        [
-                            "--listen-address",
-                            "127.0.0.1",
-                            "--port",
-                            "8000",
-                        ],
+                        ComputeNodeOpts {
+                            listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:8000",
+                            advertise_addr: None,
+                            prometheus_listener_addr: "127.0.0.1:1234",
+                            meta_address: "http://127.0.0.1:5690",
+                            connector_rpc_endpoint: None,
+                            connector_rpc_sink_payload_format: None,
+                            config_path: "src/config/test.toml",
+                            total_memory_bytes: 34359738368,
+                            parallelism: 10,
+                            role: Both,
+                            metrics_level: None,
+                            data_file_cache_dir: None,
+                            meta_file_cache_dir: None,
+                            async_stack_trace: None,
+                            heap_profiling_dir: None,
+                            object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_upload_timeout_ms: None,
+                            object_store_read_timeout_ms: None,
+                        },
                     ),
                     frontend_opts: Some(
-                        [
-                            "--some-option",
-                        ],
+                        FrontendOpts {
+                            listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:4566",
+                            advertise_addr: None,
+                            port: None,
+                            meta_addr: "http://127.0.0.1:5690",
+                            prometheus_listener_addr: "127.0.0.1:1234",
+                            health_check_listener_addr: "127.0.0.1:6786",
+                            config_path: "src/config/test.toml",
+                            metrics_level: None,
+                            enable_barrier_read: None,
+                        },
                     ),
                     compactor_opts: None,
                 }"#]],

From 527a276aaade1e16b565d57bc7cd50bc40fc07ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 13:57:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 355/430] feat(metrics): bring back some mem table memory
 metrics (#12833)

---
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |  2 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py | 39 ++++++++++++++++++-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |  2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json        |  2 +-
 .../hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs    | 26 +++++++++++++
 .../monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs    | 27 ++++++++++++-
 7 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 94b8102982cdb..dabc75f8a4d27 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"graphTooltip":0,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","query":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table 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diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 63e3ed095ac69..41445ec1e30fb 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 0f9b1c9ebe935..183ae7bf0be6f 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -1591,6 +1591,38 @@ def section_batch(outer_panels):
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
+
+                panels.timeseries_bytes(
+            "Mem Table Size",
+            "This metric shows the memory usage of mem_table.",
+            [
+                panels.target(
+                    f"sum({metric('state_store_mem_table_memory_size')}) by (job,instance)",
+                    "mem_table size total - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                ),
+
+                panels.target(
+                    f"{metric('state_store_mem_table_memory_size')}",
+                    "mem_table size - table id {{table_id}} instance id {{instance_id}} {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+
+        panels.timeseries_count(
+            "Mem Table Count",
+            "This metric shows the item counts in mem_table.",
+            [
+                panels.target(
+                    f"sum({metric('state_store_mem_table_item_count')}) by (job,instance)",
+                    "mem_table counts total - {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                ),
+
+                panels.target(
+                    f"{metric('state_store_mem_table_item_count')}",
+                    "mem_table count - table id {{table_id}} instance id {{instance_id}} {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
                 panels.timeseries_latency(
                     "Row SeqScan Next Duration",
                     "",
@@ -2180,13 +2212,18 @@ def section_hummock_write(outer_panels):
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_bytes(
-                    "Mem Table Size (Max)",
+                    "Write Batch Size",
                     "This metric shows the statistics of mem_table size on flush. By default only max (p100) is shown.",
                     [
                         panels.target(
                             f"histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate({metric('state_store_write_batch_size_bucket')}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, table_id, job, instance))",
                             "pmax - {{table_id}} @ {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
                         ),
+
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"sum by(le, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_write_batch_size_sum')}[$__rate_interval])) / sum by(le, table_id, job, instance) (rate({metric('state_store_write_batch_size_count')}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                            "avg - {{table_id}} {{job}} @ {{instance}}",
+                        ),
                     ],
                 ),
                 panels.timeseries_bytes(
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index 94b8102982cdb..dabc75f8a4d27 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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instance)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"},{"current":{"selected":false,"text":"All","value":"__all"},"definition":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","description":"Reporting job of the metric","hide":0,"includeAll":true,"label":"Job","multi":true,"name":"job","options":[],"query":{"query":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"}]},"time":{"from":"now-30m","to":"now"},"timepicker":{"hidden":false,"refresh_intervals":["5s","10s","30s","1m","5m","15m","30m","1h","2h","1d"],"time_options":["5m","15m","1h","6h","12h","24h","2d","7d","30d"]},"timezone":"browser","title":"risingwave_dashboard","uid":"Fcy3uV1nz","version":0}
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
index 18ae72300cd67..94b536bf6919f 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/store/local_hummock_storage.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use prometheus::IntGauge;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::{TableKey, TableKeyRange};
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockEpoch;
@@ -88,6 +89,10 @@ pub struct LocalHummockStorage {
     write_limiter: WriteLimiterRef,
 
     version_update_notifier_tx: Arc<tokio::sync::watch::Sender<HummockEpoch>>,
+
+    mem_table_size: IntGauge,
+
+    mem_table_item_count: IntGauge,
 }
 
 impl LocalHummockStorage {
@@ -242,11 +247,20 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
             None => self.mem_table.insert(key, new_val)?,
             Some(old_val) => self.mem_table.update(key, old_val, new_val)?,
         };
+
+        self.mem_table_size
+            .set(self.mem_table.kv_size.size() as i64);
+        self.mem_table_item_count
+            .set(self.mem_table.buffer.len() as i64);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     fn delete(&mut self, key: TableKey<Bytes>, old_val: Bytes) -> StorageResult<()> {
         self.mem_table.delete(key, old_val)?;
+        self.mem_table_size
+            .set(self.mem_table.kv_size.size() as i64);
+        self.mem_table_item_count
+            .set(self.mem_table.buffer.len() as i64);
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -254,6 +268,8 @@ impl LocalStateStore for LocalHummockStorage {
         &mut self,
         delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
     ) -> StorageResult<usize> {
+        self.mem_table_size.set(0);
+        self.mem_table_item_count.set(0);
         debug_assert!(delete_ranges
             .iter()
             .map(|(key, _)| key)
@@ -454,6 +470,14 @@ impl LocalHummockStorage {
         version_update_notifier_tx: Arc<tokio::sync::watch::Sender<HummockEpoch>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let stats = hummock_version_reader.stats().clone();
+        let mem_table_size = stats.mem_table_memory_size.with_label_values(&[
+            &option.table_id.to_string(),
+            &instance_guard.instance_id.to_string(),
+        ]);
+        let mem_table_item_count = stats.mem_table_item_count.with_label_values(&[
+            &option.table_id.to_string(),
+            &instance_guard.instance_id.to_string(),
+        ]);
         Self {
             mem_table: MemTable::new(option.is_consistent_op),
             epoch: None,
@@ -469,6 +493,8 @@ impl LocalHummockStorage {
             stats,
             write_limiter,
             version_update_notifier_tx,
+            mem_table_size,
+            mem_table_item_count,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
index 32a741809ed63..2e114ac766de1 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
 use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, Collector, Desc, GenericCounter, GenericGauge};
 use prometheus::{
     exponential_buckets, histogram_opts, proto, register_histogram_vec_with_registry,
-    register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_with_registry, Gauge, IntGauge,
-    Opts, Registry,
+    register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry,
+    register_int_gauge_with_registry, Gauge, IntGauge, IntGaugeVec, Opts, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::config::MetricLevel;
 use risingwave_common::metrics::{RelabeledCounterVec, RelabeledHistogramVec};
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ pub struct HummockStateStoreMetrics {
 
     // uploading task
     pub uploader_uploading_task_size: GenericGauge<AtomicU64>,
+
+    // memory
+    pub mem_table_memory_size: IntGaugeVec,
+    pub mem_table_item_count: IntGaugeVec,
 }
 
 pub static GLOBAL_HUMMOCK_STATE_STORE_METRICS: OnceLock<HummockStateStoreMetrics> = OnceLock::new();
@@ -339,12 +343,29 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
+
         let read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Info,
             read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts,
             metric_level,
         );
 
+        let mem_table_memory_size = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "state_store_mem_table_memory_size",
+            "Memory usage of mem_table",
+            &["table_id", "instance_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let mem_table_item_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+            "state_store_mem_table_item_count",
+            "Item counts in mem_table",
+            &["table_id", "instance_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         Self {
             bloom_filter_true_negative_counts,
             bloom_filter_check_counts,
@@ -369,6 +390,8 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
             spill_task_size_from_sealed: spill_task_size.with_label_values(&["sealed"]),
             spill_task_size_from_unsealed: spill_task_size.with_label_values(&["unsealed"]),
             uploader_uploading_task_size,
+            mem_table_memory_size,
+            mem_table_item_count,
         }
     }
 

From e713fb9baa79c9577778f4ef37cfe6dd3da22037 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 15:15:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 356/430] fix: unify row desc for show objects in normal and
 extended mode (#12877)

---
 src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs              | 163 +----------------
 src/frontend/src/session.rs                   |  28 +--
 src/frontend/src/utils/infer_stmt_row_desc.rs | 165 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/utils/mod.rs                 |   2 +
 4 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 180 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/utils/infer_stmt_row_desc.rs

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
index 15b423e259299..88a9b1e694e33 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/show.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use crate::catalog::{CatalogError, IndexCatalog};
 use crate::handler::util::{col_descs_to_rows, indexes_to_rows};
 use crate::handler::HandlerArgs;
 use crate::session::SessionImpl;
+use crate::utils::infer_stmt_row_desc::infer_show_object;
 
 pub fn get_columns_from_table(
     session: &SessionImpl,
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
         )
         .into());
     }
+    let row_desc = infer_show_object(&command);
 
     let catalog_reader = session.env().catalog_reader();
 
@@ -142,26 +144,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
             let rows = col_descs_to_rows(columns);
 
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Name".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Type".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
         ShowObject::Indexes { table } => {
@@ -169,36 +152,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
             let rows = indexes_to_rows(indexes);
 
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Name".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "On".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Key".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Include".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Distributed By".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
         ShowObject::Connection { schema } => {
@@ -247,26 +201,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
                 })
                 .collect_vec();
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Name".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Type".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Properties".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
         ShowObject::Function { schema } => {
@@ -285,36 +220,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
                 })
                 .collect_vec();
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Name".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Arguments".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Return Type".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Language".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Link".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
         ShowObject::Cluster => {
@@ -342,41 +248,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
                 })
                 .collect_vec();
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Addr".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "State".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Parallel Units".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Is Streaming".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Is Serving".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Is Unschedulable".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
         ShowObject::Jobs => {
@@ -392,26 +264,7 @@ pub async fn handle_show_object(
                 })
                 .collect_vec();
             return Ok(PgResponse::builder(StatementType::SHOW_COMMAND)
-                .values(
-                    rows.into(),
-                    vec![
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Id".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Int64.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Int64.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Statement".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                        PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                            "Progress".to_owned(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                )
+                .values(rows.into(), row_desc)
                 .into());
         }
     };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/session.rs b/src/frontend/src/session.rs
index f257a06521f33..67eac0df34d05 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/session.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/session.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::health::health_server::HealthServer;
 use risingwave_pb::user::auth_info::EncryptionType;
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::{Action, Object};
 use risingwave_rpc_client::{ComputeClientPool, ComputeClientPoolRef, MetaClient};
-use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{ObjectName, ShowObject, Statement};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{ObjectName, Statement};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::runtime::Builder;
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ use crate::user::user_authentication::md5_hash_with_salt;
 use crate::user::user_manager::UserInfoManager;
 use crate::user::user_service::{UserInfoReader, UserInfoWriter, UserInfoWriterImpl};
 use crate::user::UserId;
+use crate::utils::infer_stmt_row_desc::infer_show_object;
 use crate::{FrontendOpts, PgResponseStream};
 
 pub(crate) mod transaction;
@@ -1090,30 +1091,7 @@ fn infer(bound: Option<BoundStatement>, stmt: Statement) -> Result<Vec<PgFieldDe
         Statement::ShowObjects {
             object: show_object,
             ..
-        } => match show_object {
-            ShowObject::Columns { table: _ } => Ok(vec![
-                PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                    "Name".to_owned(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                ),
-                PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                    "Type".to_owned(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                ),
-                PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                    "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                    DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-                ),
-            ]),
-            _ => Ok(vec![PgFieldDescriptor::new(
-                "Name".to_owned(),
-                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
-                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
-            )]),
-        },
+        } => Ok(infer_show_object(&show_object)),
         Statement::ShowCreateObject { .. } => Ok(vec![
             PgFieldDescriptor::new(
                 "Name".to_owned(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/infer_stmt_row_desc.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/infer_stmt_row_desc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fdc4b7c460fc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/infer_stmt_row_desc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use pgwire::pg_field_descriptor::PgFieldDescriptor;
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::ShowObject;
+
+/// `infer_stmt_row_desc` is used to infer the row description for different show objects.
+pub fn infer_show_object(objects: &ShowObject) -> Vec<PgFieldDescriptor> {
+    match objects {
+        ShowObject::Columns { .. } => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Name".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Type".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Is Hidden".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ShowObject::Connection { .. } => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Name".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Type".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Properties".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ShowObject::Function { .. } => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Name".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Arguments".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Return Type".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Language".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Link".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ShowObject::Indexes { .. } => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Name".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "On".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Key".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Include".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Distributed By".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ShowObject::Cluster => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Addr".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "State".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Parallel Units".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Is Streaming".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Is Serving".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Is Unschedulable".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ShowObject::Jobs => vec![
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Id".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Int64.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Int64.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Statement".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+            PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+                "Progress".to_owned(),
+                DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+                DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+            ),
+        ],
+        _ => vec![PgFieldDescriptor::new(
+            "Name".to_owned(),
+            DataType::Varchar.to_oid(),
+            DataType::Varchar.type_len(),
+        )],
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/mod.rs
index e827f1321bbd9..3951da525bb03 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ pub use rewrite_index::*;
 mod index_set;
 pub use index_set::*;
 pub(crate) mod group_by;
+pub mod infer_stmt_row_desc;
+
 pub use group_by::*;
 
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, InputRef};

From 1f151cd4a8ae51c3c405662f491e06d0251996a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 15:16:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 357/430] feat: add parallelism column in rw_fragments (#12901)

---
 proto/meta.proto                                                | 1 +
 .../src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs       | 2 ++
 src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs                      | 1 +
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/proto/meta.proto b/proto/meta.proto
index cad0b97f6d2be..f2375eed7653a 100644
--- a/proto/meta.proto
+++ b/proto/meta.proto
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ message ListFragmentDistributionResponse {
     repeated uint32 state_table_ids = 4;
     repeated uint32 upstream_fragment_ids = 5;
     uint32 fragment_type_mask = 6;
+    uint32 parallelism = 7;
   }
   repeated FragmentDistribution distributions = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
index 1f31948139135..a4eda730d8941 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_fragments.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ pub static RW_FRAGMENTS_COLUMNS: LazyLock<Vec<SystemCatalogColumnsDef<'_>>> = La
             "upstream_fragment_ids",
         ),
         (DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Varchar)), "flags"),
+        (DataType::Int32, "parallelism"),
     ]
 });
 
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ impl SysCatalogReaderImpl {
                             .map(|t| Some(ScalarImpl::Utf8(t.into())))
                             .collect_vec(),
                     ))),
+                    Some(ScalarImpl::Int32(distribution.parallelism as i32)),
                 ])
             })
             .collect_vec())
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
index b2ed1ec916b08..ef232d9b04ffd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
                             state_table_ids: fragment.state_table_ids.clone(),
                             upstream_fragment_ids: fragment.upstream_fragment_ids.clone(),
                             fragment_type_mask: fragment.fragment_type_mask,
+                            parallelism: fragment.actors.len() as _,
                         }
                     })
                 })

From 41967d4ff9e24c6d1e5640fdf8e8dcd5f1ab8417 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Li0k <yuli@singularity-data.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 16:31:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 358/430] fix(storage): fix level score of base level (#12875)

Co-authored-by: Wallace <bupt2013211450@gmail.com>
---
 .../src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs  | 707 ------------------
 .../compaction/selector/level_selector.rs     |   2 +-
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 708 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f673aac0cd2e..0000000000000
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/level_selector.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,707 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-//  limitations under the License.
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::HummockLevelsExt;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::HummockCompactionTaskId;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
-use risingwave_pb::hummock::{compact_task, CompactionConfig, LevelType};
-
-use super::picker::{
-    CompactionTaskValidator, EmergencyCompactionPicker, IntraCompactionPicker,
-    SpaceReclaimCompactionPicker, SpaceReclaimPickerState, TtlPickerState,
-    TtlReclaimCompactionPicker,
-};
-use super::{
-    create_compaction_task, CompactionSelector, LevelCompactionPicker, ManualCompactionOption,
-    ManualCompactionPicker, TierCompactionPicker,
-};
-use crate::hummock::compaction::overlap_strategy::OverlapStrategy;
-use crate::hummock::compaction::picker::{
-    CompactionPicker, LocalPickerStatistic, MinOverlappingPicker,
-};
-use crate::hummock::compaction::{create_overlap_strategy, CompactionTask, LocalSelectorStatistic};
-use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
-use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
-
-pub const SCORE_BASE: u64 = 100;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
-pub enum PickerType {
-    Tier,
-    Intra,
-    ToBase,
-    #[default]
-    BottomLevel,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub struct PickerInfo {
-    score: u64,
-    select_level: usize,
-    target_level: usize,
-    picker_type: PickerType,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub struct SelectContext {
-    pub level_max_bytes: Vec<u64>,
-
-    // All data will be placed in the last level. When the cluster is empty, the files in L0 will
-    // be compact to `max_level`, and the `max_level` would be `base_level`. When the total
-    // size of the files in  `base_level` reaches its capacity, we will place data in a higher
-    // level, which equals to `base_level -= 1;`.
-    pub base_level: usize,
-    pub score_levels: Vec<PickerInfo>,
-}
-
-pub struct DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
-    config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct DynamicLevelSelector {}
-
-impl DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
-    pub fn new(config: Arc<CompactionConfig>) -> Self {
-        Self { config }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_config(&self) -> &CompactionConfig {
-        self.config.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    fn create_compaction_picker(
-        &self,
-        picker_info: &PickerInfo,
-        overlap_strategy: Arc<dyn OverlapStrategy>,
-        compaction_task_validator: Arc<CompactionTaskValidator>,
-    ) -> Box<dyn CompactionPicker> {
-        match picker_info.picker_type {
-            PickerType::Tier => Box::new(TierCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
-                self.config.clone(),
-                compaction_task_validator,
-            )),
-            PickerType::ToBase => Box::new(LevelCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
-                picker_info.target_level,
-                self.config.clone(),
-                compaction_task_validator,
-            )),
-            PickerType::Intra => Box::new(IntraCompactionPicker::new_with_validator(
-                self.config.clone(),
-                compaction_task_validator,
-            )),
-            PickerType::BottomLevel => {
-                assert_eq!(picker_info.select_level + 1, picker_info.target_level);
-                Box::new(MinOverlappingPicker::new(
-                    picker_info.select_level,
-                    picker_info.target_level,
-                    self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base,
-                    self.config.split_by_state_table,
-                    overlap_strategy,
-                ))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // TODO: calculate this scores in apply compact result.
-    /// `calculate_level_base_size` calculate base level and the base size of LSM tree build for
-    /// current dataset. In other words,  `level_max_bytes` is our compaction goal which shall
-    /// reach. This algorithm refers to the implementation in  [`https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/v7.2.2/db/version_set.cc#L3706`]
-    pub fn calculate_level_base_size(&self, levels: &Levels) -> SelectContext {
-        let mut first_non_empty_level = 0;
-        let mut max_level_size = 0;
-        let mut ctx = SelectContext::default();
-
-        for level in &levels.levels {
-            if level.total_file_size > 0 && first_non_empty_level == 0 {
-                first_non_empty_level = level.level_idx as usize;
-            }
-            max_level_size = std::cmp::max(max_level_size, level.total_file_size);
-        }
-
-        ctx.level_max_bytes
-            .resize(self.config.max_level as usize + 1, u64::MAX);
-
-        if max_level_size == 0 {
-            // Use the bottommost level.
-            ctx.base_level = self.config.max_level as usize;
-            return ctx;
-        }
-
-        let base_bytes_max = self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base;
-        let base_bytes_min = base_bytes_max / self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
-
-        let mut cur_level_size = max_level_size;
-        for _ in first_non_empty_level..self.config.max_level as usize {
-            cur_level_size /= self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
-        }
-
-        let base_level_size = if cur_level_size <= base_bytes_min {
-            // Case 1. If we make target size of last level to be max_level_size,
-            // target size of the first non-empty level would be smaller than
-            // base_bytes_min. We set it be base_bytes_min.
-            ctx.base_level = first_non_empty_level;
-            base_bytes_min + 1
-        } else {
-            ctx.base_level = first_non_empty_level;
-            while ctx.base_level > 1 && cur_level_size > base_bytes_max {
-                ctx.base_level -= 1;
-                cur_level_size /= self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
-            }
-            std::cmp::min(base_bytes_max, cur_level_size)
-        };
-
-        let level_multiplier = self.config.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier as f64;
-        let mut level_size = base_level_size;
-        for i in ctx.base_level..=self.config.max_level as usize {
-            // Don't set any level below base_bytes_max. Otherwise, the LSM can
-            // assume an hourglass shape where L1+ sizes are smaller than L0. This
-            // causes compaction scoring, which depends on level sizes, to favor L1+
-            // at the expense of L0, which may fill up and stall.
-            ctx.level_max_bytes[i] = std::cmp::max(level_size, base_bytes_max);
-            level_size = (level_size as f64 * level_multiplier) as u64;
-        }
-        ctx
-    }
-
-    fn get_priority_levels(&self, levels: &Levels, handlers: &[LevelHandler]) -> SelectContext {
-        let mut ctx = self.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-
-        let idle_file_count = levels
-            .l0
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .sub_levels
-            .iter()
-            .map(|level| level.table_infos.len())
-            .sum::<usize>()
-            - handlers[0].get_pending_file_count();
-
-        if idle_file_count > 0 {
-            // trigger l0 compaction when the number of files is too large.
-
-            // The read query at the overlapping level needs to merge all the ssts, so the number of
-            // ssts is the most important factor affecting the read performance, we use file count
-            // to calculate the score
-            let overlapping_file_count = levels
-                .l0
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .sub_levels
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|level| level.level_type() == LevelType::Overlapping)
-                .map(|level| level.table_infos.len())
-                .sum::<usize>();
-            if overlapping_file_count > 0 {
-                // FIXME: use overlapping idle file count
-                let l0_overlapping_score =
-                    std::cmp::min(idle_file_count, overlapping_file_count) as u64 * SCORE_BASE
-                        / self.config.level0_tier_compact_file_number;
-                // Reduce the level num of l0 overlapping sub_level
-                ctx.score_levels.push(PickerInfo {
-                    score: std::cmp::max(l0_overlapping_score, SCORE_BASE + 1),
-                    select_level: 0,
-                    target_level: 0,
-                    picker_type: PickerType::Tier,
-                })
-            }
-
-            // The read query at the non-overlapping level only selects ssts that match the query
-            // range at each level, so the number of levels is the most important factor affecting
-            // the read performance. At the same time, the size factor is also added to the score
-            // calculation rule to avoid unbalanced compact task due to large size.
-            let non_overlapping_score = {
-                let total_size = levels.l0.as_ref().unwrap().total_file_size
-                    - handlers[0].get_pending_output_file_size(ctx.base_level as u32);
-                let base_level_size = levels.get_level(ctx.base_level).total_file_size;
-                let base_level_sst_count =
-                    levels.get_level(ctx.base_level).table_infos.len() as u64;
-
-                // size limit
-                let non_overlapping_size_score = total_size * SCORE_BASE
-                    / std::cmp::max(self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base, base_level_size);
-                // level count limit
-                let non_overlapping_level_count = levels
-                    .l0
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .sub_levels
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter(|level| level.level_type() == LevelType::Nonoverlapping)
-                    .count() as u64;
-                let non_overlapping_level_score = non_overlapping_level_count * SCORE_BASE
-                    / std::cmp::max(
-                        base_level_sst_count / 16,
-                        self.config.level0_sub_level_compact_level_count as u64,
-                    );
-
-                std::cmp::max(non_overlapping_size_score, non_overlapping_level_score)
-            };
-
-            // Reduce the level num of l0 non-overlapping sub_level
-            ctx.score_levels.push({
-                PickerInfo {
-                    score: non_overlapping_score,
-                    select_level: 0,
-                    target_level: ctx.base_level,
-                    picker_type: PickerType::ToBase,
-                }
-            });
-
-            // FIXME: more accurate score calculation algorithm will be introduced (#11903)
-            ctx.score_levels.push({
-                PickerInfo {
-                    score: non_overlapping_score,
-                    select_level: 0,
-                    target_level: 0,
-                    picker_type: PickerType::Intra,
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        // The bottommost level can not be input level.
-        for level in &levels.levels {
-            let level_idx = level.level_idx as usize;
-            if level_idx < ctx.base_level || level_idx >= self.config.max_level as usize {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let upper_level = if level_idx == ctx.base_level {
-                0
-            } else {
-                level_idx - 1
-            };
-            let total_size = level.total_file_size
-                + handlers[upper_level].get_pending_output_file_size(level.level_idx)
-                - handlers[level_idx].get_pending_output_file_size(level.level_idx + 1);
-            if total_size == 0 {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            ctx.score_levels.push({
-                PickerInfo {
-                    score: total_size * SCORE_BASE / ctx.level_max_bytes[level_idx],
-                    select_level: level_idx,
-                    target_level: level_idx + 1,
-                    picker_type: PickerType::BottomLevel,
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        // sort reverse to pick the largest one.
-        ctx.score_levels.sort_by(|a, b| {
-            b.score
-                .cmp(&a.score)
-                .then_with(|| a.target_level.cmp(&b.target_level))
-        });
-        ctx
-    }
-
-    /// `compact_pending_bytes_needed` calculates the number of compact bytes needed to balance the
-    /// LSM Tree from the current state of each level in the LSM Tree in combination with
-    /// `compaction_config`
-    /// This algorithm refers to the implementation in  [`https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/main/db/version_set.cc#L3141`]
-    pub fn compact_pending_bytes_needed(&self, levels: &Levels) -> u64 {
-        let ctx = self.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
-        self.compact_pending_bytes_needed_with_ctx(levels, &ctx)
-    }
-
-    pub fn compact_pending_bytes_needed_with_ctx(
-        &self,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        ctx: &SelectContext,
-    ) -> u64 {
-        // l0
-        let mut compact_pending_bytes = 0;
-        let mut compact_to_next_level_bytes = 0;
-        let l0_size = levels
-            .l0
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .sub_levels
-            .iter()
-            .map(|sub_level| sub_level.total_file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-
-        let mut l0_compaction_trigger = false;
-        if l0_size > self.config.max_bytes_for_level_base {
-            compact_pending_bytes = l0_size;
-            compact_to_next_level_bytes = l0_size;
-            l0_compaction_trigger = true;
-        }
-
-        // l1 and up
-        let mut level_bytes;
-        let mut next_level_bytes = 0;
-        for level in &levels.levels[ctx.base_level - 1..levels.levels.len()] {
-            let level_index = level.get_level_idx() as usize;
-
-            if next_level_bytes > 0 {
-                level_bytes = next_level_bytes;
-                next_level_bytes = 0;
-            } else {
-                level_bytes = level.total_file_size;
-            }
-
-            if level_index == ctx.base_level && l0_compaction_trigger {
-                compact_pending_bytes += level_bytes;
-            }
-
-            level_bytes += compact_to_next_level_bytes;
-            compact_to_next_level_bytes = 0;
-            let level_target = ctx.level_max_bytes[level_index];
-            if level_bytes > level_target {
-                compact_to_next_level_bytes = level_bytes - level_target;
-
-                // Estimate the actual compaction fan-out ratio as size ratio between
-                // the two levels.
-                assert_eq!(0, next_level_bytes);
-                if level_index + 1 < ctx.level_max_bytes.len() {
-                    let next_level = level_index + 1;
-                    next_level_bytes = levels.levels[next_level - 1].total_file_size;
-                }
-
-                if next_level_bytes > 0 {
-                    compact_pending_bytes += (compact_to_next_level_bytes as f64
-                        * (next_level_bytes as f64 / level_bytes as f64 + 1.0))
-                        as u64;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        compact_pending_bytes
-    }
-}
-
-impl CompactionSelector for DynamicLevelSelector {
-    fn pick_compaction(
-        &mut self,
-        task_id: HummockCompactionTaskId,
-        compaction_group: &CompactionGroup,
-        levels: &Levels,
-        level_handlers: &mut [LevelHandler],
-        selector_stats: &mut LocalSelectorStatistic,
-        _table_id_to_options: HashMap<u32, TableOption>,
-    ) -> Option<CompactionTask> {
-        let dynamic_level_core =
-            DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(compaction_group.compaction_config.clone());
-        let overlap_strategy =
-            create_overlap_strategy(compaction_group.compaction_config.compaction_mode());
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.get_priority_levels(levels, level_handlers);
-        // TODO: Determine which rule to enable by write limit
-        let compaction_task_validator = Arc::new(CompactionTaskValidator::new(
-            compaction_group.compaction_config.clone(),
-        ));
-        for picker_info in &ctx.score_levels {
-            if picker_info.score <= SCORE_BASE {
-                return None;
-            }
-            let mut picker = dynamic_level_core.create_compaction_picker(
-                picker_info,
-                overlap_strategy.clone(),
-                compaction_task_validator.clone(),
-            );
-
-            let mut stats = LocalPickerStatistic::default();
-            if let Some(ret) = picker.pick_compaction(levels, level_handlers, &mut stats) {
-                ret.add_pending_task(task_id, level_handlers);
-                return Some(create_compaction_task(
-                    dynamic_level_core.get_config(),
-                    ret,
-                    ctx.base_level,
-                    self.task_type(),
-                ));
-            }
-            selector_stats.skip_picker.push((
-                picker_info.select_level,
-                picker_info.target_level,
-                stats,
-            ));
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "DynamicLevelSelector"
-    }
-
-    fn task_type(&self) -> compact_task::TaskType {
-        compact_task::TaskType::Dynamic
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub mod tests {
-    use std::ops::Range;
-
-    use itertools::Itertools;
-    use risingwave_common::constants::hummock::CompactionFilterFlag;
-    use risingwave_pb::hummock::compaction_config::CompactionMode;
-    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{KeyRange, Level, LevelType, OverlappingLevel, SstableInfo};
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::test_utils::iterator_test_key_of_epoch;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_dynamic_level() {
-        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
-            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
-            .max_level(4)
-            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
-            .max_compaction_bytes(1)
-            .level0_tier_compact_file_number(2)
-            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
-            .build();
-        let selector = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(Arc::new(config));
-        let levels = vec![
-            generate_level(1, vec![]),
-            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..5, 0..1000, 3, 10)),
-            generate_level(3, generate_tables(5..10, 0..1000, 2, 50)),
-            generate_level(4, generate_tables(10..15, 0..1000, 1, 200)),
-        ];
-        let mut levels = Levels {
-            levels,
-            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(vec![])),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 2);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 100);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 200);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 1000);
-
-        levels.levels[3]
-            .table_infos
-            .append(&mut generate_tables(15..20, 2000..3000, 1, 400));
-        levels.levels[3].total_file_size = levels.levels[3]
-            .table_infos
-            .iter()
-            .map(|sst| sst.file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-
-        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
-        // data size increase, so we need increase one level to place more data.
-        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
-
-        // append a large data to L0 but it does not change the base size of LSM tree.
-        push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(&mut levels, generate_tables(20..26, 0..1000, 1, 100));
-
-        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
-
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size = 0;
-        levels.levels[0].table_infos = generate_tables(26..32, 0..1000, 1, 100);
-        levels.levels[0].total_file_size = levels.levels[0]
-            .table_infos
-            .iter()
-            .map(|sst| sst.file_size)
-            .sum::<u64>();
-
-        let ctx = selector.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.base_level, 1);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[1], 100);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[2], 120);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[3], 600);
-        assert_eq!(ctx.level_max_bytes[4], 3000);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_pick_compaction() {
-        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
-            .max_bytes_for_level_base(200)
-            .max_level(4)
-            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
-            .target_file_size_base(5)
-            .max_compaction_bytes(10000)
-            .level0_tier_compact_file_number(4)
-            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
-            .level0_sub_level_compact_level_count(1)
-            .build();
-        let group_config = CompactionGroup::new(1, config.clone());
-        let levels = vec![
-            generate_level(1, vec![]),
-            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..5, 0..1000, 3, 10)),
-            generate_level(3, generate_tables(5..10, 0..1000, 2, 50)),
-            generate_level(4, generate_tables(10..15, 0..1000, 1, 200)),
-        ];
-        let mut levels = Levels {
-            levels,
-            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(generate_tables(
-                15..25,
-                0..600,
-                3,
-                10,
-            ))),
-            member_table_ids: vec![1],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let mut selector = DynamicLevelSelector::default();
-        let mut levels_handlers = (0..5).map(LevelHandler::new).collect_vec();
-        let mut local_stats = LocalSelectorStatistic::default();
-        let compaction = selector
-            .pick_compaction(
-                1,
-                &group_config,
-                &levels,
-                &mut levels_handlers,
-                &mut local_stats,
-                HashMap::default(),
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
-
-        let compaction_filter_flag = CompactionFilterFlag::STATE_CLEAN | CompactionFilterFlag::TTL;
-        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::with_config(config)
-            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
-            .sub_level_max_compaction_bytes(50)
-            .target_file_size_base(20)
-            .compaction_filter_mask(compaction_filter_flag.into())
-            .build();
-        let group_config = CompactionGroup::new(1, config.clone());
-        let mut selector = DynamicLevelSelector::default();
-
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().total_file_size = 0;
-        push_tables_level0_nonoverlapping(&mut levels, generate_tables(15..25, 0..600, 3, 20));
-        let mut levels_handlers = (0..5).map(LevelHandler::new).collect_vec();
-        let compaction = selector
-            .pick_compaction(
-                1,
-                &group_config,
-                &levels,
-                &mut levels_handlers,
-                &mut local_stats,
-                HashMap::default(),
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
-        assert_eq!(compaction.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 0);
-        assert_eq!(compaction.input.target_level, 2);
-
-        levels_handlers[0].remove_task(1);
-        levels_handlers[2].remove_task(1);
-        levels.l0.as_mut().unwrap().sub_levels.clear();
-        levels.levels[1].table_infos = generate_tables(20..30, 0..1000, 3, 10);
-        let compaction = selector
-            .pick_compaction(
-                2,
-                &group_config,
-                &levels,
-                &mut levels_handlers,
-                &mut local_stats,
-                HashMap::default(),
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_compaction_task(&compaction, &levels_handlers);
-        assert_eq!(compaction.input.input_levels[0].level_idx, 3);
-        assert_eq!(compaction.input.target_level, 4);
-        assert_eq!(
-            compaction.input.input_levels[0]
-                .table_infos
-                .iter()
-                .map(|sst| sst.get_sst_id())
-                .collect_vec(),
-            vec![5]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            compaction.input.input_levels[1]
-                .table_infos
-                .iter()
-                .map(|sst| sst.get_sst_id())
-                .collect_vec(),
-            vec![10]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            compaction.target_file_size,
-            config.target_file_size_base * 2
-        );
-        assert_eq!(compaction.compression_algorithm.as_str(), "Lz4",);
-        // no compaction need to be scheduled because we do not calculate the size of pending files
-        // to score.
-        let compaction = selector.pick_compaction(
-            2,
-            &group_config,
-            &levels,
-            &mut levels_handlers,
-            &mut local_stats,
-            HashMap::default(),
-        );
-        assert!(compaction.is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_compact_pending_bytes() {
-        let config = CompactionConfigBuilder::new()
-            .max_bytes_for_level_base(100)
-            .max_level(4)
-            .max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(5)
-            .compaction_mode(CompactionMode::Range as i32)
-            .build();
-        let levels = vec![
-            generate_level(1, vec![]),
-            generate_level(2, generate_tables(0..50, 0..1000, 3, 500)),
-            generate_level(3, generate_tables(30..60, 0..1000, 2, 500)),
-            generate_level(4, generate_tables(60..70, 0..1000, 1, 1000)),
-        ];
-        let levels = Levels {
-            levels,
-            l0: Some(generate_l0_nonoverlapping_sublevels(generate_tables(
-                15..25,
-                0..600,
-                3,
-                100,
-            ))),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(Arc::new(config));
-        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.calculate_level_base_size(&levels);
-        assert_eq!(1, ctx.base_level);
-        assert_eq!(1000, levels.l0.as_ref().unwrap().total_file_size); // l0
-        assert_eq!(0, levels.levels.get(0).unwrap().total_file_size); // l1
-        assert_eq!(25000, levels.levels.get(1).unwrap().total_file_size); // l2
-        assert_eq!(15000, levels.levels.get(2).unwrap().total_file_size); // l3
-        assert_eq!(10000, levels.levels.get(3).unwrap().total_file_size); // l4
-
-        assert_eq!(100, ctx.level_max_bytes[1]); // l1
-        assert_eq!(500, ctx.level_max_bytes[2]); // l2
-        assert_eq!(2500, ctx.level_max_bytes[3]); // l3
-        assert_eq!(12500, ctx.level_max_bytes[4]); // l4
-
-        // l1 pending = (0 + 1000 - 100) * ((25000 / 1000) + 1) + 1000 = 24400
-        // l2 pending = (25000 + 900 - 500) * ((15000 / (25000 + 900)) + 1) = 40110
-        // l3 pending = (15000 + 25400 - 2500) * ((10000 / (15000 + 25400) + 1)) = 47281
-
-        let compact_pending_bytes = dynamic_level_core.compact_pending_bytes_needed(&levels);
-        assert_eq!(24400 + 40110 + 47281, compact_pending_bytes);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
index 8c65d90ac9c12..3c3e3bdba9c52 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
             // Reduce the level num of l0 non-overlapping sub_level
             ctx.score_levels.push({
                 PickerInfo {
-                    score: non_overlapping_score,
+                    score: non_overlapping_score + 1,
                     select_level: 0,
                     target_level: ctx.base_level,
                     picker_type: PickerType::ToBase,

From 61a5bd59a31992f0c514150913e7d41c32bee246 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huangjw <1223644280@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 16:48:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 359/430] fix(integration-test): disable iceberg-sink case
 (#12904)

---
 ci/workflows/integration-tests.yml | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/integration-tests.yml b/ci/workflows/integration-tests.yml
index 6c4851c0c669c..4bd0ec1a000b1 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/integration-tests.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/integration-tests.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ steps:
           - "postgres-cdc"
           - "mysql-sink"
           - "postgres-sink"
-          - "iceberg-sink"
+          # - "iceberg-sink"
           - "debezium-mysql"
         format:
           - "json"
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ steps:
             testcase: "postgres-sink"
             format: "protobuf"
           skip: true
-        - with:
-            testcase: "iceberg-sink"
-            format: "protobuf"
-          skip: true
+        # - with:
+        #    testcase: "iceberg-sink"
+        #    format: "protobuf"
+        #  skip: true
         - with:
             testcase: "debezium-mysql"
             format: "protobuf"

From 7c37573137e7db7c6e40a704de96e425314cbb13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 16:59:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 360/430] feat(expr): support capturing context in expression
 (#12747)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 proto/expr.proto                              |   1 +
 src/expr/core/src/error.rs                    |  18 +-
 src/expr/core/src/lib.rs                      |   2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs          |   2 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/context.rs                 | 206 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs                     |  37 +++-
 .../tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml      |   5 +
 .../tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml     |  14 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs           |  38 +---
 .../src/binder/relation/table_or_source.rs    |  41 ----
 src/frontend/src/catalog/mod.rs               |   1 +
 .../src/expr/function_impl/cast_regclass.rs   | 102 +++++++++
 .../src/expr/function_impl/context.rs         |  27 +++
 src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs    |   2 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs                  |   2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                 |   3 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/query.rs             |  10 +-
 src/frontend/src/lib.rs                       |   1 +
 src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs           |  46 ++--
 19 files changed, 461 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/cast_regclass.rs
 create mode 100644 src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs

diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 1271249b9fdcf..2086554e78975 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ message ExprNode {
 
     // Adminitration functions
     COL_DESCRIPTION = 2100;
+    CAST_REGCLASS = 2101;
   }
   Type function_type = 1;
   data.DataType return_type = 3;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/error.rs b/src/expr/core/src/error.rs
index a6bb01e45bf54..7204b851e5b2b 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/error.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 /// A specialized Result type for expression operations.
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, ExprError>;
 
+pub struct ContextUnavailable(&'static str);
+
+impl ContextUnavailable {
+    pub fn new(field: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self(field)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ContextUnavailable> for ExprError {
+    fn from(e: ContextUnavailable) -> Self {
+        ExprError::Context(e.0)
+    }
+}
+
 /// The error type for expression operations.
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum ExprError {
@@ -71,8 +85,8 @@ pub enum ExprError {
     #[error("not a constant")]
     NotConstant,
 
-    #[error("Context not found")]
-    Context,
+    #[error("Context {0} not found")]
+    Context(&'static str),
 
     #[error("field name must not be null")]
     FieldNameNull,
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
index 32b538ed084eb..c2f46d5632274 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ pub mod sig;
 pub mod table_function;
 pub mod window_function;
 
-pub use error::{ExprError, Result};
+pub use error::{ContextUnavailable, ExprError, Result};
 pub use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
 pub use risingwave_expr_macro::*;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
index 4271fee8ca58f..659a64f4e0c7b 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/proctime.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 /// Get the processing time in Timestamptz scalar from the task-local epoch.
 #[function("proctime() -> timestamptz", volatile)]
 fn proctime() -> Result<Timestamptz> {
-    let epoch = epoch::task_local::curr_epoch().ok_or(ExprError::Context)?;
+    let epoch = epoch::task_local::curr_epoch().ok_or(ExprError::Context("EPOCH"))?;
     Ok(epoch.as_timestamptz())
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..152b59761492c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::{quote, quote_spanned, ToTokens};
+use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream};
+use syn::{Error, FnArg, Ident, ItemFn, Result, Token, Type, Visibility};
+
+/// See [`super::define_context!`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct DefineContextField {
+    vis: Visibility,
+    name: Ident,
+    ty: Type,
+}
+
+/// See [`super::define_context!`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct DefineContextAttr {
+    fields: Vec<DefineContextField>,
+}
+
+impl Parse for DefineContextField {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let vis: Visibility = input.parse()?;
+        let name: Ident = input.parse()?;
+        input.parse::<Token![:]>()?;
+        let ty: Type = input.parse()?;
+
+        Ok(Self { vis, name, ty })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Parse for DefineContextAttr {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let fields = input.parse_terminated(DefineContextField::parse, Token![,])?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            fields: fields.into_iter().collect(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl DefineContextField {
+    pub(super) fn gen(self) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+        let Self { vis, name, ty } = self;
+
+        {
+            let name_s = name.to_string();
+            if name_s.to_uppercase() != name_s {
+                return Err(Error::new_spanned(
+                    name,
+                    "the name of context variable should be uppercase",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(quote! {
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            pub mod #name {
+                use super::*;
+                pub type Type = #ty;
+
+                tokio::task_local! {
+                    static LOCAL_KEY: #ty;
+                }
+
+                #vis fn try_with<F, R>(f: F) -> Result<R, risingwave_expr::ExprError>
+                where
+                    F: FnOnce(&#ty) -> R
+                {
+                    LOCAL_KEY.try_with(f).map_err(|_| risingwave_expr::ContextUnavailable::new(stringify!(#name))).map_err(Into::into)
+                }
+
+                pub fn scope<F>(value: #ty, f: F) -> tokio::task::futures::TaskLocalFuture<#ty, F>
+                where
+                    F: std::future::Future
+                {
+                    LOCAL_KEY.scope(value, f)
+                }
+
+                pub fn sync_scope<F, R>(value: #ty, f: F) -> R
+                where
+                    F: FnOnce() -> R
+                {
+                    LOCAL_KEY.sync_scope(value, f)
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl DefineContextAttr {
+    pub(super) fn gen(self) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+        let generated_fields: Vec<TokenStream> = self
+            .fields
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(DefineContextField::gen)
+            .try_collect()?;
+        Ok(quote! {
+            #(#generated_fields)*
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CaptureContextAttr {
+    /// The context variables which are captured.
+    captures: Vec<Ident>,
+}
+
+impl Parse for CaptureContextAttr {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let captures = input.parse_terminated(Ident::parse, Token![,])?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            captures: captures.into_iter().collect(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn generate_captured_function(
+    attr: CaptureContextAttr,
+    mut user_fn: ItemFn,
+) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+    let CaptureContextAttr { captures } = attr;
+    let orig_user_fn = user_fn.clone();
+
+    let sig = &mut user_fn.sig;
+
+    // Modify the name.
+    {
+        let new_name = format!("{}_captured", sig.ident);
+        let new_name = Ident::new(&new_name, sig.ident.span());
+        sig.ident = new_name;
+    }
+
+    // Modify the inputs of sig.
+    let inputs = &mut sig.inputs;
+    if inputs.len() < captures.len() {
+        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+            inputs,
+            format!("expected at least {} inputs", captures.len()),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let (captured_inputs, remained_inputs) = {
+        let mut inputs = inputs.iter().cloned();
+        let inputs = inputs.by_ref();
+        let captured_inputs = inputs.take(captures.len()).collect_vec();
+        let remained_inputs = inputs.collect_vec();
+        (captured_inputs, remained_inputs)
+    };
+    *inputs = remained_inputs.into_iter().collect();
+
+    // Modify the body
+    let body = &mut user_fn.block;
+    let new_body = {
+        let mut scoped = quote! {
+            // TODO: We can call the old function directly here.
+            #body
+        };
+
+        #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+        for (context, arg) in captures.into_iter().zip(captured_inputs.into_iter()) {
+            let FnArg::Typed(arg) = arg else {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                    arg,
+                    "receiver is not allowed in captured function",
+                ));
+            };
+            let name = arg.pat.into_token_stream();
+            scoped = quote_spanned! { context.span()=>
+                // TODO: Can we add an assertion here that `&<<#context::Type> as Deref>::Target` is same as `#arg.ty`?
+                #context::try_with(|#name| {
+                    #scoped
+                }).flatten()
+            }
+        }
+        scoped
+    };
+    let new_user_fn = {
+        let vis = user_fn.vis;
+        let sig = user_fn.sig;
+        quote! {
+            #vis #sig {
+                {#new_body}.map_err(Into::into)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(quote! {
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        #orig_user_fn
+        #new_user_fn
+    })
+}
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
index 24760d06f4341..363fc958b557d 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 
+use context::DefineContextAttr;
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
-use syn::{Error, Result};
+use syn::{Error, ItemFn, Result};
 
+use crate::context::{generate_captured_function, CaptureContextAttr};
+
+mod context;
 mod gen;
 mod parse;
 mod types;
@@ -606,3 +610,34 @@ impl UserFunctionAttr {
             && self.return_type_kind == ReturnTypeKind::T
     }
 }
+
+/// Define the context variables which can be used by risingwave expressions.
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn define_context(def: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    fn inner(def: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
+        let attr: DefineContextAttr = syn::parse(def)?;
+        attr.gen()
+    }
+
+    match inner(def) {
+        Ok(tokens) => tokens.into(),
+        Err(e) => e.to_compile_error().into(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Capture the context from the local context to the function impl.
+/// TODO: The macro will be merged to [`#[function(.., capture_context(..))]`](macro@function) later.
+///
+/// Currently, we should use the macro separately with a simple wrapper.
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn capture_context(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    fn inner(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
+        let attr: CaptureContextAttr = syn::parse(attr)?;
+        let user_fn: ItemFn = syn::parse(item)?;
+        generate_captured_function(attr, user_fn)
+    }
+    match inner(attr, item) {
+        Ok(tokens) => tokens.into(),
+        Err(e) => e.to_compile_error().into(),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
index 7560d90aae8e9..7f13113afb086 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/pg_catalog.yaml
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
   expected_outputs:
   - batch_plan
   - logical_plan
+- sql: |
+    select ('pg' || '_namespace')::regclass
+  expected_outputs:
+  - batch_plan
+  - logical_plan
 - sql: |
     select 'boolin'::regproc
   expected_outputs:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
index 0ce056fa1c48a..5c5a88fb472b6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pg_catalog.yaml
@@ -221,9 +221,19 @@
 - sql: |
     select 'pg_namespace'::regclass
   logical_plan: |-
-    LogicalProject { exprs: [2:Int32] }
+    LogicalProject { exprs: [CastRegclass('pg_namespace':Varchar) as $expr1] }
     └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
-  batch_plan: 'BatchValues { rows: [[2:Int32]] }'
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchProject { exprs: [CastRegclass('pg_namespace':Varchar) as $expr1] }
+    └─BatchValues { rows: [[]] }
+- sql: |
+    select ('pg' || '_namespace')::regclass
+  logical_plan: |-
+    LogicalProject { exprs: [CastRegclass(ConcatOp('pg':Varchar, '_namespace':Varchar)) as $expr1] }
+    └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchProject { exprs: [CastRegclass('pg_namespace':Varchar) as $expr1] }
+    └─BatchValues { rows: [[]] }
 - sql: |
     select 'boolin'::regproc
   logical_plan: |-
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
index e9f10f572763a..6da590c2d315d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs
@@ -523,32 +523,18 @@ impl Binder {
             // TODO: Add generic expr support when needed
             AstDataType::Regclass => {
                 let input = self.bind_expr_inner(expr)?;
-                let class_name = match &input {
-                    ExprImpl::Literal(literal)
-                        if literal.return_type() == DataType::Varchar
-                            && let Some(scalar) = literal.get_data() =>
-                    {
-                        match scalar {
-                            risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl::Utf8(s) => s,
-                            _ => {
-                                return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(
-                                    "Unsupported input type".to_string(),
-                                )
-                                .into())
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    ExprImpl::Literal(literal) if literal.return_type().is_int() => {
-                        return Ok(ExprImpl::Literal(literal.clone()))
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        return Err(
-                            ErrorCode::BindError("Unsupported input type".to_string()).into()
-                        )
-                    }
-                };
-                self.resolve_regclass(class_name)
-                    .map(|id| ExprImpl::literal_int(id as i32))
+                match input.return_type() {
+                    DataType::Varchar => Ok(ExprImpl::FunctionCall(Box::new(
+                        FunctionCall::new_unchecked(
+                            ExprType::CastRegclass,
+                            vec![input],
+                            DataType::Int32,
+                        ),
+                    ))),
+                    DataType::Int32 => Ok(input),
+                    dt if dt.is_int() => Ok(input.cast_explicit(DataType::Int32)?),
+                    _ => Err(ErrorCode::BindError("Unsupported input type".to_string()).into()),
+                }
             }
             AstDataType::Regproc => {
                 let lhs = self.bind_expr_inner(expr)?;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_or_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_or_source.rs
index 480fcd20faf36..b05b5db42b300 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_or_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/relation/table_or_source.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::USER_NAME_WILD_CARD;
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{Statement, TableAlias};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser;
-use risingwave_sqlparser::tokenizer::{Token, Tokenizer};
 
 use super::BoundShare;
 use crate::binder::relation::BoundSubquery;
@@ -377,44 +376,4 @@ impl Binder {
 
         Ok(table)
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn resolve_regclass(&self, class_name: &str) -> Result<u32> {
-        let obj = Self::parse_object_name(class_name)?;
-
-        if obj.0.len() == 1 {
-            let class_name = obj.0[0].real_value();
-            let schema_path = SchemaPath::Path(&self.search_path, &self.auth_context.user_name);
-            Ok(self
-                .catalog
-                .get_id_by_class_name(&self.db_name, schema_path, &class_name)?)
-        } else {
-            let schema = obj.0[0].real_value();
-            let class_name = obj.0[1].real_value();
-            let schema_path = SchemaPath::Name(&schema);
-            Ok(self
-                .catalog
-                .get_id_by_class_name(&self.db_name, schema_path, &class_name)?)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Attempt to parse the value of a varchar Literal into an
-    /// [`ObjectName`](risingwave_sqlparser::ast::ObjectName).
-    fn parse_object_name(name: &str) -> Result<risingwave_sqlparser::ast::ObjectName> {
-        // We use the full parser here because this function needs to accept every legal way
-        // of identifying an object in PG SQL as a valid value for the varchar
-        // literal.  For example: 'foo', 'public.foo', '"my table"', and
-        // '"my schema".foo' must all work as values passed pg_table_size.
-        let mut tokenizer = Tokenizer::new(name);
-        let tokens = tokenizer
-            .tokenize_with_location()
-            .map_err(|e| ErrorCode::BindError(e.to_string()))?;
-        let mut parser = Parser::new(tokens);
-        let object = parser
-            .parse_object_name()
-            .map_err(|e| ErrorCode::BindError(e.to_string()))?;
-        if parser.next_token().token != Token::EOF {
-            Err(ErrorCode::BindError("Invalid name syntax".to_string()))?
-        }
-        Ok(object)
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/mod.rs
index 211f8ff1bd07b..ad4e3ae18c954 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ pub(crate) mod system_catalog;
 pub(crate) mod table_catalog;
 pub(crate) mod view_catalog;
 
+pub(crate) use catalog_service::CatalogReader;
 pub use index_catalog::IndexCatalog;
 pub use table_catalog::TableCatalog;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/cast_regclass.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/cast_regclass.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e0f8670d791fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/cast_regclass.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::session_config::SearchPath;
+use risingwave_expr::{capture_context, function, ExprError};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::parser::{Parser, ParserError};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::tokenizer::{Token, Tokenizer};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use super::context::{AUTH_CONTEXT, CATALOG_READER, DB_NAME, SEARCH_PATH};
+use crate::catalog::root_catalog::SchemaPath;
+use crate::catalog::{CatalogError, CatalogReader};
+use crate::session::AuthContext;
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+enum ResolveRegclassError {
+    #[error("parse object name failed: {0}")]
+    Parser(#[from] ParserError),
+    #[error("catalog error: {0}")]
+    Catalog(#[from] CatalogError),
+}
+
+impl From<ResolveRegclassError> for ExprError {
+    fn from(e: ResolveRegclassError) -> Self {
+        match e {
+            ResolveRegclassError::Parser(e) => ExprError::Parse(e.to_string().into_boxed_str()),
+            ResolveRegclassError::Catalog(e) => ExprError::InvalidParam {
+                name: "name",
+                reason: e.to_string().into_boxed_str(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[capture_context(CATALOG_READER, AUTH_CONTEXT, SEARCH_PATH, DB_NAME)]
+fn resolve_regclass_impl(
+    catalog: &CatalogReader,
+    auth_context: &AuthContext,
+    search_path: &SearchPath,
+    db_name: &str,
+    class_name: &str,
+) -> Result<u32, ExprError> {
+    resolve_regclass_inner(catalog, auth_context, search_path, db_name, class_name)
+        .map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+fn resolve_regclass_inner(
+    catalog: &CatalogReader,
+    auth_context: &AuthContext,
+    search_path: &SearchPath,
+    db_name: &str,
+    class_name: &str,
+) -> Result<u32, ResolveRegclassError> {
+    let obj = parse_object_name(class_name)?;
+
+    if obj.0.len() == 1 {
+        let class_name = obj.0[0].real_value();
+        let schema_path = SchemaPath::Path(search_path, &auth_context.user_name);
+        Ok(catalog
+            .read_guard()
+            .get_id_by_class_name(db_name, schema_path, &class_name)?)
+    } else {
+        let schema = obj.0[0].real_value();
+        let class_name = obj.0[1].real_value();
+        let schema_path = SchemaPath::Name(&schema);
+        Ok(catalog
+            .read_guard()
+            .get_id_by_class_name(db_name, schema_path, &class_name)?)
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_object_name(name: &str) -> Result<risingwave_sqlparser::ast::ObjectName, ParserError> {
+    // We use the full parser here because this function needs to accept every legal way
+    // of identifying an object in PG SQL as a valid value for the varchar
+    // literal.  For example: 'foo', 'public.foo', '"my table"', and
+    // '"my schema".foo' must all work as values passed pg_table_size.
+    let mut tokenizer = Tokenizer::new(name);
+    let tokens = tokenizer
+        .tokenize_with_location()
+        .map_err(ParserError::from)?;
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(tokens);
+    let object = parser.parse_object_name()?;
+    parser.expect_token(&Token::EOF)?;
+    Ok(object)
+}
+
+#[function("cast_regclass(varchar) -> int4")]
+fn cast_regclass(class_name: &str) -> Result<i32, ExprError> {
+    let oid = resolve_regclass_impl_captured(class_name)?;
+    Ok(oid as i32)
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e3fb5f05191ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use risingwave_common::session_config::SearchPath;
+use risingwave_expr::define_context;
+
+use crate::session::AuthContext;
+
+define_context! {
+    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) CATALOG_READER: crate::catalog::CatalogReader,
+    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) AUTH_CONTEXT: Arc<AuthContext>,
+    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) DB_NAME: String,
+    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) SEARCH_PATH: SearchPath,
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
index 33d402b4bb6af..1f31b7f307dac 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/mod.rs
@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+mod cast_regclass;
 mod col_description;
+pub mod context;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
index f7dc01e2eef35..ba36ad0514d28 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub use order_by_expr::{OrderBy, OrderByExpr};
 mod expr_mutator;
 mod expr_rewriter;
 mod expr_visitor;
-mod function_impl;
+pub mod function_impl;
 mod session_timezone;
 mod type_inference;
 mod utils;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 5fb96675cfe3c..71b3a2e20f475 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -215,7 +215,8 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::PgSleep
             | expr_node::Type::PgSleepFor
             | expr_node::Type::PgSleepUntil
-            | expr_node::Type::ColDescription => true,
+            | expr_node::Type::ColDescription
+            | expr_node::Type::CastRegclass => true,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/query.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/query.rs
index 79289071dd889..e11562bccb467 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/query.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/query.rs
@@ -464,18 +464,12 @@ async fn distribute_execute(
 #[expect(clippy::unused_async)]
 async fn local_execute(session: Arc<SessionImpl>, query: Query) -> Result<LocalQueryStream> {
     let front_env = session.env();
+
     // TODO: if there's no table scan, we don't need to acquire snapshot.
     let snapshot = session.pinned_snapshot();
 
     // TODO: Passing sql here
-    let execution = LocalQueryExecution::new(
-        query,
-        front_env.clone(),
-        "",
-        snapshot,
-        session.auth_context(),
-        session.reset_cancel_query_flag(),
-    );
+    let execution = LocalQueryExecution::new(query, front_env.clone(), "", snapshot, session);
 
     Ok(execution.stream_rows())
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
index caf4b02c29c9c..0a036b8e96233 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
+#![feature(result_flattening)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
index f3906ffbcc755..28cfa25b70bf1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ use crate::scheduler::plan_fragmenter::{ExecutionPlanNode, Query, StageId};
 use crate::scheduler::task_context::FrontendBatchTaskContext;
 use crate::scheduler::worker_node_manager::WorkerNodeSelector;
 use crate::scheduler::{ReadSnapshot, SchedulerError, SchedulerResult};
-use crate::session::{AuthContext, FrontendEnv};
+use crate::session::{AuthContext, FrontendEnv, SessionImpl};
 
 pub type LocalQueryStream = ReceiverStream<Result<DataChunk, BoxedError>>;
 
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ pub struct LocalQueryExecution {
     // The snapshot will be released when LocalQueryExecution is dropped.
     // TODO
     snapshot: ReadSnapshot,
-    auth_context: Arc<AuthContext>,
-    shutdown_rx: ShutdownToken,
+    session: Arc<SessionImpl>,
     worker_node_manager: WorkerNodeSelector,
 }
 
@@ -74,8 +73,7 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
         front_env: FrontendEnv,
         sql: S,
         snapshot: ReadSnapshot,
-        auth_context: Arc<AuthContext>,
-        shutdown_rx: ShutdownToken,
+        session: Arc<SessionImpl>,
     ) -> Self {
         let sql = sql.into();
         let worker_node_manager = WorkerNodeSelector::new(
@@ -88,18 +86,24 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
             query,
             front_env,
             snapshot,
-            auth_context,
-            shutdown_rx,
+            session,
             worker_node_manager,
         }
     }
 
+    fn auth_context(&self) -> Arc<AuthContext> {
+        self.session.auth_context()
+    }
+
+    fn shutdown_rx(&self) -> ShutdownToken {
+        self.session.reset_cancel_query_flag()
+    }
+
     #[try_stream(ok = DataChunk, error = RwError)]
     pub async fn run_inner(self) {
         debug!(%self.query.query_id, self.sql, "Starting to run query");
 
-        let context =
-            FrontendBatchTaskContext::new(self.front_env.clone(), self.auth_context.clone());
+        let context = FrontendBatchTaskContext::new(self.front_env.clone(), self.auth_context());
 
         let task_id = TaskId {
             query_id: self.query.query_id.id.clone(),
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
             &task_id,
             context,
             self.snapshot.batch_query_epoch(),
-            self.shutdown_rx.clone(),
+            self.shutdown_rx().clone(),
         );
         let executor = executor.build().await?;
 
@@ -137,9 +141,14 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
     pub fn stream_rows(self) -> LocalQueryStream {
         let compute_runtime = self.front_env.compute_runtime();
         let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(10);
-        let shutdown_rx = self.shutdown_rx.clone();
+        let shutdown_rx = self.shutdown_rx().clone();
+
+        let catalog_reader = self.front_env.catalog_reader().clone();
+        let auth_context = self.session.auth_context().clone();
+        let db_name = self.session.database().to_string();
+        let search_path = self.session.config().get_search_path().clone();
 
-        compute_runtime.spawn(async move {
+        let exec = async move {
             let mut data_stream = self.run().map(|r| r.map_err(|e| Box::new(e) as BoxedError));
             while let Some(mut r) = data_stream.next().await {
                 // append a query cancelled error if the query is cancelled.
@@ -151,7 +160,18 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
                     return;
                 }
             }
-        });
+        };
+
+        use crate::expr::function_impl::context::{
+            AUTH_CONTEXT, CATALOG_READER, DB_NAME, SEARCH_PATH,
+        };
+
+        let exec = async move { CATALOG_READER::scope(catalog_reader, exec).await };
+        let exec = async move { DB_NAME::scope(db_name, exec).await };
+        let exec = async move { SEARCH_PATH::scope(search_path, exec).await };
+        let exec = async move { AUTH_CONTEXT::scope(auth_context, exec).await };
+
+        compute_runtime.spawn(exec);
 
         ReceiverStream::new(receiver)
     }

From 35f77c63e87f6712cb67028847ff601b468ce271 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SevenLM361 <42933171+SevenLM361@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 17:03:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 361/430] feat(frontend): stub session server_encoding (#12896)

---
 src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
index cab147d0000bb..7706899e26f92 100644
--- a/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/session_config/mod.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use crate::util::epoch::Epoch;
 
 // This is a hack, &'static str is not allowed as a const generics argument.
 // TODO: refine this using the adt_const_params feature.
-const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
+const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 39] = [
     "RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH",
     "CREATE_COMPACTION_GROUP_FOR_MV",
     "QUERY_MODE",
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ const CONFIG_KEYS: [&str; 38] = [
     "CDC_BACKFILL",
     "RW_STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY",
     "BACKGROUND_DDL",
+    "SERVER_ENCODING",
 ];
 
 // MUST HAVE 1v1 relationship to CONFIG_KEYS. e.g. CONFIG_KEYS[IMPLICIT_FLUSH] =
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ const STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT: usize = 34;
 const CDC_BACKFILL: usize = 35;
 const STREAMING_OVER_WINDOW_CACHE_POLICY: usize = 36;
 const BACKGROUND_DDL: usize = 37;
+const SERVER_ENCODING: usize = 38;
 
 trait ConfigEntry: Default + for<'a> TryFrom<&'a [&'a str], Error = RwError> {
     fn entry_name() -> &'static str;
@@ -343,6 +345,7 @@ type StandardConformingStrings = ConfigString<STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS>;
 type StreamingRateLimit = ConfigU64<STREAMING_RATE_LIMIT, 0>;
 type CdcBackfill = ConfigBool<CDC_BACKFILL, false>;
 type BackgroundDdl = ConfigBool<BACKGROUND_DDL, false>;
+type ServerEncoding = ConfigString<SERVER_ENCODING>;
 
 /// Report status or notice to caller.
 pub trait ConfigReporter {
@@ -492,6 +495,10 @@ pub struct ConfigMap {
     streaming_over_window_cache_policy: OverWindowCachePolicy,
 
     background_ddl: BackgroundDdl,
+
+    /// Shows the server-side character set encoding. At present, this parameter can be shown but not set, because the encoding is determined at database creation time.
+    #[educe(Default(expression = "ConfigString::<SERVER_ENCODING>(String::from(\"UTF8\"))"))]
+    server_encoding: ServerEncoding,
 }
 
 impl ConfigMap {
@@ -611,6 +618,20 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             self.background_ddl = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ServerEncoding::entry_name()) {
+            let enc: ServerEncoding = val.as_slice().try_into()?;
+            // https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_15_3/src/common/encnames.c#L525
+            let clean = enc
+                .as_str()
+                .replace(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_alphanumeric(), "");
+            if !clean.eq_ignore_ascii_case("UTF8") {
+                return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidConfigValue {
+                    config_entry: ServerEncoding::entry_name().into(),
+                    config_value: enc.0,
+                }
+                .into());
+            }
+            // No actual assignment because we only support UTF8.
         } else {
             return Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into());
         }
@@ -700,6 +721,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
             Ok(self.streaming_over_window_cache_policy.to_string())
         } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(BackgroundDdl::entry_name()) {
             Ok(self.background_ddl.to_string())
+        } else if key.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ServerEncoding::entry_name()) {
+            Ok(self.server_encoding.to_string())
         } else {
             Err(ErrorCode::UnrecognizedConfigurationParameter(key.to_string()).into())
         }
@@ -897,6 +920,11 @@ impl ConfigMap {
                 setting: self.background_ddl.to_string(),
                 description: String::from("Run DDL statements in background"),
             },
+            VariableInfo{
+                name : ServerEncoding::entry_name().to_lowercase(),
+                setting : self.server_encoding.to_string(),
+                description : String::from("Sets the server character set encoding.")
+            },
         ]
     }
 
@@ -1039,4 +1067,8 @@ impl ConfigMap {
     pub fn get_background_ddl(&self) -> bool {
         self.background_ddl.0
     }
+
+    pub fn get_server_encoding(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.server_encoding
+    }
 }

From 575deec3184412552b1832d8e908e1ffa0bb06a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 17:09:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 362/430] chore: run all data check even some fail (#12905)

Signed-off-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
---
 integration_tests/scripts/check_data.py | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/scripts/check_data.py b/integration_tests/scripts/check_data.py
index 02d1c44c55229..52cc79dc0ab0a 100644
--- a/integration_tests/scripts/check_data.py
+++ b/integration_tests/scripts/check_data.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def check_mv(rel: str):
     rows = run_psql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {}_mv".format(rel))
     rows = int(rows.decode('utf8').strip())
     print("{} rows in {}".format(rows, rel))
-    assert rows >= 1
+    return rows >= 1
 
 
 # Check the number of rows of cdc table
@@ -67,8 +67,12 @@ def run_psql(sql):
     for rel in relations:
         create_mv(rel)
         time.sleep(20)
+    failed_cases = []
     for rel in relations:
-        check_mv(rel)
+        if not check_mv(rel):
+            failed_cases.append(rel)
+    if len(failed_cases) != 0:
+        raise Exception("Data check failed for case {}".format(failed_cases))
 
 cdc_check_file = os.path.join(demo_dir, 'cdc_check')
 if not os.path.exists(cdc_check_file):

From 7aa1a3deac20d855142ad8dfaa6757e2de4ba560 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 09:14:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 363/430] chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/net from 0.7.0 to
 0.17.0 in /integration_tests/datagen (#12796)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 integration_tests/datagen/go.mod |  8 ++++----
 integration_tests/datagen/go.sum | 17 +++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/go.mod b/integration_tests/datagen/go.mod
index 9316a7df13a3b..1700fbf227123 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/go.mod
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/go.mod
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.14.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.17.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210514164344-f6687ab2804c // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.5.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.13.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/integration_tests/datagen/go.sum b/integration_tests/datagen/go.sum
index 34ac14123e168..9cb52a458cb1f 100644
--- a/integration_tests/datagen/go.sum
+++ b/integration_tests/datagen/go.sum
@@ -446,8 +446,9 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190701094942-4def268fd1a4/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190820162420-60c769a6c586/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa h1:zuSxTR4o9y82ebqCUJYNGJbGPo6sKVl54f/TVDObg1c=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.14.0 h1:wBqGXzWJW6m1XrIKlAH0Hs1JJ7+9KBwnIO8v66Q9cHc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.14.0/go.mod h1:MVFd36DqK4CsrnJYDkBA3VC4m2GkXAM0PvzMCn4JQf4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@@ -529,8 +530,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210726213435-c6fcb2dbf985/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qx
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220127200216-cd36cc0744dd/go.mod h1:CfG3xpIq0wQ8r1q4Su4UZFWDARRcnwPjda9FqA0JpMk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220725212005-46097bf591d3/go.mod h1:AaygXjzTFtRAg2ttMY5RMuhpJ3cNnI0XpyFJD1iQRSM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.7.0 h1:rJrUqqhjsgNp7KqAIc25s9pZnjU7TUcSY7HcVZjdn1g=
-golang.org/x/net v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
+golang.org/x/net v0.17.0 h1:pVaXccu2ozPjCXewfr1S7xza/zcXTity9cCdXQYSjIM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.17.0/go.mod h1:NxSsAGuq816PNPmqtQdLE42eU2Fs7NoRIZrHJAlaCOE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -617,12 +618,12 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211216021012-1d35b9e2eb4e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220114195835-da31bd327af9/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0 h1:MUK/U/4lj1t1oPg0HfuXDN/Z1wv31ZJ/YcPiGccS4DU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0 h1:Af8nKPmuFypiUBjVoU9V20FiaFXOcuZI21p0ycVYYGE=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0 h1:n2a8QNdAb0sZNpU9R1ALUXBbY+w51fCQDN+7EdxNBsY=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
+golang.org/x/term v0.13.0 h1:bb+I9cTfFazGW51MZqBVmZy7+JEJMouUHTUSKVQLBek=
+golang.org/x/term v0.13.0/go.mod h1:LTmsnFJwVN6bCy1rVCoS+qHT1HhALEFxKncY3WNNh4U=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.4/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0 h1:4BRB4x83lYWy72KwLD/qYDuTu7q9PjSagHvijDw7cLo=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0 h1:ablQoSUd0tRdKxZewP80B+BaqeKJuVhuRxj/dkrun3k=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20191024005414-555d28b269f0/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=

From 7a1f371c5e734fb760518dea640e2d721548f2d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 17:31:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 364/430] feat(metrics): support reference counting in metrics
 label (#12882)

---
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   1 +
 src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs     | 141 +++++++++++++-----
 src/common/src/metrics/relabeled_metric.rs    |  70 +++------
 src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs          |  66 ++++----
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |  14 +-
 .../monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs    |  62 ++++----
 .../src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs  |  30 ++--
 .../common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs |   8 +-
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   |  87 +++++------
 9 files changed, 271 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index 86d29213374a0..a2b1d22f59d9b 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #![feature(negative_impls)]
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
+#![feature(array_methods)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod jemalloc;
diff --git a/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs b/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs
index f6a2ab71627fb..7cc166aa5998b 100644
--- a/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/metrics/guarded_metrics.rs
@@ -12,10 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::any::type_name;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use prometheus::core::{
     Atomic, AtomicI64, AtomicU64, Collector, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec, GenericGauge,
     GenericGaugeVec, MetricVec, MetricVecBuilder,
@@ -42,11 +46,15 @@ pub fn __extract_histogram_builder(vec: HistogramVec) -> MetricVec<VecBuilderOfH
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry {
     ($NAME:expr, $HELP:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr, $REGISTRY:expr $(,)?) => {{
-        let result = prometheus::register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
-            prometheus::histogram_opts!($NAME, $HELP),
+        $crate::register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry! {
+            {prometheus::histogram_opts!($NAME, $HELP)},
             $LABELS_NAMES,
             $REGISTRY
-        );
+        }
+    }};
+    ($HOPTS:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr, $REGISTRY:expr $(,)?) => {{
+        let result =
+            prometheus::register_histogram_vec_with_registry!($HOPTS, $LABELS_NAMES, $REGISTRY);
         result.map(|inner| {
             let inner = $crate::metrics::__extract_histogram_builder(inner);
             $crate::metrics::LabelGuardedHistogramVec::new(inner, { $LABELS_NAMES })
@@ -94,40 +102,60 @@ pub type LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<const N: usize> =
 pub type LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<const N: usize> =
     LabelGuardedMetricVec<VecBuilderOfGauge<AtomicI64>, N>;
 
-pub type LabelGuardedHistogram = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfHistogram>;
-pub type LabelGuardedIntCounter = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfCounter<AtomicU64>>;
-pub type LabelGuardedIntGauge = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfGauge<AtomicI64>>;
+pub type LabelGuardedHistogram<const N: usize> = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfHistogram, N>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntCounter<const N: usize> =
+    LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfCounter<AtomicU64>, N>;
+pub type LabelGuardedIntGauge<const N: usize> = LabelGuardedMetric<VecBuilderOfGauge<AtomicI64>, N>;
 
 fn gen_test_label<const N: usize>() -> [&'static str; N] {
-    vec!["test"; N].try_into().unwrap()
+    const TEST_LABELS: [&str; 5] = ["test1", "test2", "test3", "test4", "test5"];
+    (0..N)
+        .map(|i| TEST_LABELS[i])
+        .collect_vec()
+        .try_into()
+        .unwrap()
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct LabelGuardedMetricVec<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> {
     inner: MetricVec<T>,
-    _labels: [&'static str; N],
+    labeled_metrics_count: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<[String; N], usize>>>,
+    labels: [&'static str; N],
+}
+
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> Debug for LabelGuardedMetricVec<T, N> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct(format!("LabelGuardedMetricVec<{}, {}>", type_name::<T>(), N).as_str())
+            .field("label", &self.labels)
+            .finish()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> LabelGuardedMetricVec<T, N> {
     pub fn new(inner: MetricVec<T>, labels: &[&'static str; N]) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner,
-            _labels: *labels,
+            labeled_metrics_count: Default::default(),
+            labels: *labels,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_label_values(&self, labels: &[&str; N]) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+    pub fn with_label_values(&self, labels: &[&str; N]) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T, N> {
+        let mut count_guard = self.labeled_metrics_count.lock();
+        let label_string = labels.map(|str| str.to_string());
+        *count_guard.entry(label_string).or_insert(0) += 1;
         let inner = self.inner.with_label_values(labels);
         LabelGuardedMetric {
             inner: Arc::new(LabelGuardedMetricInner {
                 inner,
-                labels: labels.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+                labels: labels.map(|str| str.to_string()),
                 vec: self.inner.clone(),
+                labeled_metrics_count: self.labeled_metrics_count.clone(),
             }),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_test_label(&self) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+    pub fn with_test_label(&self) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T, N> {
         let labels: [&'static str; N] = gen_test_label::<N>();
         self.with_label_values(&labels)
     }
@@ -173,37 +201,49 @@ impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedHistogramVec<N> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-struct LabelGuardedMetricInner<T: MetricVecBuilder> {
+struct LabelGuardedMetricInner<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> {
     inner: T::M,
-    labels: Vec<String>,
+    labels: [String; N],
     vec: MetricVec<T>,
+    labeled_metrics_count: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<[String; N], usize>>>,
 }
 
-impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> Drop for LabelGuardedMetricInner<T> {
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> Drop for LabelGuardedMetricInner<T, N> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Err(e) = self.vec.remove_label_values(
-            self.labels
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| s.as_str())
-                .collect_vec()
-                .as_slice(),
-        ) {
-            warn!(
-                "err when delete metrics of {:?} of labels {:?}. Err {:?}",
-                self.vec.desc().first().expect("should have desc").fq_name,
-                self.labels,
-                e,
-            );
+        let mut count_guard = self.labeled_metrics_count.lock();
+        let count = count_guard.get_mut(&self.labels).expect(
+            "should exist because the current existing dropping one means the count is not zero",
+        );
+        *count -= 1;
+        if *count == 0 {
+            count_guard.remove(&self.labels).expect("should exist");
+            if let Err(e) = self
+                .vec
+                .remove_label_values(&self.labels.each_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()))
+            {
+                warn!(
+                    "err when delete metrics of {:?} of labels {:?}. Err {:?}",
+                    self.vec.desc().first().expect("should have desc").fq_name,
+                    self.labels,
+                    e,
+                );
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct LabelGuardedMetric<T: MetricVecBuilder> {
-    inner: Arc<LabelGuardedMetricInner<T>>,
+pub struct LabelGuardedMetric<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> {
+    inner: Arc<LabelGuardedMetricInner<T, N>>,
 }
 
-impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> Deref for LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> Debug for LabelGuardedMetric<T, N> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("LabelGuardedMetric").finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> Deref for LabelGuardedMetric<T, N> {
     type Target = T::M;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -211,20 +251,47 @@ impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> Deref for LabelGuardedMetric<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl LabelGuardedHistogram {
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedHistogram<N> {
     pub fn test_histogram() -> Self {
-        LabelGuardedHistogramVec::<1>::test_histogram_vec().with_test_label()
+        LabelGuardedHistogramVec::<N>::test_histogram_vec().with_test_label()
     }
 }
 
-impl LabelGuardedIntCounter {
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedIntCounter<N> {
     pub fn test_int_counter() -> Self {
-        LabelGuardedIntCounterVec::<1>::test_int_counter_vec().with_test_label()
+        LabelGuardedIntCounterVec::<N>::test_int_counter_vec().with_test_label()
     }
 }
 
-impl LabelGuardedIntGauge {
+impl<const N: usize> LabelGuardedIntGauge<N> {
     pub fn test_int_gauge() -> Self {
-        LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec::<1>::test_int_gauge_vec().with_test_label()
+        LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec::<N>::test_int_gauge_vec().with_test_label()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use prometheus::core::Collector;
+
+    use crate::metrics::LabelGuardedIntCounterVec;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_label_guarded_metrics_drop() {
+        let vec = LabelGuardedIntCounterVec::<3>::test_int_counter_vec();
+        let m1_1 = vec.with_label_values(&["1", "2", "3"]);
+        assert_eq!(1, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        let m1_2 = vec.with_label_values(&["1", "2", "3"]);
+        let m1_3 = m1_2.clone();
+        assert_eq!(1, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        let m2 = vec.with_label_values(&["2", "2", "3"]);
+        assert_eq!(2, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        drop(m1_3);
+        assert_eq!(2, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        drop(m2);
+        assert_eq!(1, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        drop(m1_1);
+        assert_eq!(1, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
+        drop(m1_2);
+        assert_eq!(0, vec.inner.collect().pop().unwrap().get_metric().len());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/src/metrics/relabeled_metric.rs b/src/common/src/metrics/relabeled_metric.rs
index e620ee30ba844..4eb7fa73665d6 100644
--- a/src/common/src/metrics/relabeled_metric.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/metrics/relabeled_metric.rs
@@ -12,10 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec};
-use prometheus::{Histogram, HistogramVec};
+use prometheus::core::{MetricVec, MetricVecBuilder};
+use prometheus::{HistogramVec, IntCounterVec};
 
 use crate::config::MetricLevel;
+use crate::metrics::{
+    LabelGuardedHistogramVec, LabelGuardedIntCounterVec, LabelGuardedMetric, LabelGuardedMetricVec,
+};
 
 /// For all `Relabeled*Vec` below,
 /// - when `metric_level` <= `relabel_threshold`, they behaves exactly the same as their inner
@@ -28,10 +31,10 @@ use crate::config::MetricLevel;
 /// than specializing them one by one. However, that's undoable because prometheus crate doesn't
 /// export `MetricVecBuilder` implementation like `HistogramVecBuilder`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RelabeledHistogramVec {
+pub struct RelabeledMetricVec<M> {
     relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
     metric_level: MetricLevel,
-    metric: HistogramVec,
+    metric: M,
 
     /// The first `relabel_num` labels will be relabeled to empty string
     ///
@@ -41,10 +44,10 @@ pub struct RelabeledHistogramVec {
     relabel_num: usize,
 }
 
-impl RelabeledHistogramVec {
+impl<M> RelabeledMetricVec<M> {
     pub fn with_metric_level(
         metric_level: MetricLevel,
-        metric: HistogramVec,
+        metric: M,
         relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ impl RelabeledHistogramVec {
 
     pub fn with_metric_level_relabel_n(
         metric_level: MetricLevel,
-        metric: HistogramVec,
+        metric: M,
         relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
         relabel_num: usize,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -68,8 +71,10 @@ impl RelabeledHistogramVec {
             relabel_num,
         }
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str]) -> Histogram {
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder> RelabeledMetricVec<MetricVec<T>> {
+    pub fn with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str]) -> T::M {
         if self.metric_level > self.relabel_threshold {
             // relabel first n labels to empty string
             let mut relabeled_vals = vals.to_vec();
@@ -82,46 +87,11 @@ impl RelabeledHistogramVec {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RelabeledCounterVec {
-    relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
-    metric_level: MetricLevel,
-    metric: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    relabel_num: usize,
-}
-
-impl RelabeledCounterVec {
-    pub fn with_metric_level(
-        metric_level: MetricLevel,
-        metric: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-        relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            relabel_threshold,
-            metric_level,
-            metric,
-            relabel_num: usize::MAX,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_metric_level_relabel_n(
-        metric_level: MetricLevel,
-        metric: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-        relabel_threshold: MetricLevel,
-        relabel_num: usize,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            relabel_threshold,
-            metric_level,
-            metric,
-            relabel_num,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str]) -> GenericCounter<AtomicU64> {
+impl<T: MetricVecBuilder, const N: usize> RelabeledMetricVec<LabelGuardedMetricVec<T, N>> {
+    pub fn with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str; N]) -> LabelGuardedMetric<T, N> {
         if self.metric_level > self.relabel_threshold {
             // relabel first n labels to empty string
-            let mut relabeled_vals = vals.to_vec();
+            let mut relabeled_vals = *vals;
             for label in relabeled_vals.iter_mut().take(self.relabel_num) {
                 *label = "";
             }
@@ -130,3 +100,11 @@ impl RelabeledCounterVec {
         self.metric.with_label_values(vals)
     }
 }
+
+pub type RelabeledCounterVec = RelabeledMetricVec<IntCounterVec>;
+pub type RelabeledHistogramVec = RelabeledMetricVec<HistogramVec>;
+
+pub type RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<const N: usize> =
+    RelabeledMetricVec<LabelGuardedHistogramVec<N>>;
+pub type RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<const N: usize> =
+    RelabeledMetricVec<LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<N>>;
diff --git a/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs b/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
index 0c153a3931098..4a0242dec1bcd 100644
--- a/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/monitor/connection.rs
@@ -27,17 +27,19 @@ use hyper::client::connect::Connection;
 use hyper::client::HttpConnector;
 use hyper::service::Service;
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
-use prometheus::core::{
-    AtomicI64, AtomicU64, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec, GenericGauge, GenericGaugeVec,
-};
-use prometheus::{
-    register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry, Registry,
-};
+use prometheus::Registry;
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf};
 use tonic::transport::{Channel, Endpoint};
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
+use crate::metrics::{
+    LabelGuardedIntCounter, LabelGuardedIntCounterVec, LabelGuardedIntGauge,
+    LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec,
+};
 use crate::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
+use crate::{
+    register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry,
+};
 
 pub trait MonitorAsyncReadWrite {
     fn on_read(&mut self, _size: usize) {}
@@ -274,17 +276,17 @@ where
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ConnectionMetrics {
-    connection_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    connection_create_rate: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    connection_err_rate: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    connection_count: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<2>,
+    connection_create_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    connection_err_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
 
-    read_rate: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    reader_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    read_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    reader_count: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<2>,
 
-    write_rate: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    writer_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
+    write_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    writer_count: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<2>,
 
-    io_err_rate: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    io_err_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<4>,
 }
 
 pub static GLOBAL_CONNECTION_METRICS: LazyLock<ConnectionMetrics> =
@@ -293,7 +295,7 @@ pub static GLOBAL_CONNECTION_METRICS: LazyLock<ConnectionMetrics> =
 impl ConnectionMetrics {
     pub fn new(registry: &Registry) -> Self {
         let labels = ["connection_type", "uri"];
-        let connection_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+        let connection_count = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_count",
             "The number of current existing connection",
             &labels,
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let connection_create_rate = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let connection_create_rate = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_create_rate",
             "Rate on creating new connection",
             &labels,
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let connection_err_rate = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let connection_err_rate = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_err_rate",
             "Error rate on creating new connection",
             &labels,
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let read_rate = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let read_rate = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_read_rate",
             "Read rate of a connection",
             &labels,
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let reader_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+        let reader_count = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_reader_count",
             "The number of current existing reader",
             &labels,
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let write_rate = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let write_rate = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_write_rate",
             "Write rate of a connection",
             &labels,
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let writer_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+        let writer_count = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_writer_count",
             "The number of current existing writer",
             &labels,
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ impl ConnectionMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let io_err_rate = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let io_err_rate = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "connection_io_err_rate",
             "IO err rate of a connection",
             &["connection_type", "uri", "op_type", "error_kind"],
@@ -564,27 +566,27 @@ pub struct MonitorAsyncReadWriteImpl {
     connection_type: String,
 
     unreported_read_rate: u64,
-    read_rate: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
-    reader_count_guard: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
+    read_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounter<2>,
+    reader_count_guard: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
     is_eof: bool,
 
     unreported_write_rate: u64,
-    write_rate: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
-    writer_count_guard: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
+    write_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounter<2>,
+    writer_count_guard: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
     is_shutdown: bool,
 
-    connection_count_guard: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
+    connection_count_guard: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
 }
 
 impl MonitorAsyncReadWriteImpl {
     pub fn new(
         endpoint: String,
         connection_type: String,
-        read_rate: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
-        reader_count: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
-        write_rate: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
-        writer_count: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
-        connection_count: GenericGauge<AtomicI64>,
+        read_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounter<2>,
+        reader_count: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
+        write_rate: LabelGuardedIntCounter<2>,
+        writer_count: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
+        connection_count: LabelGuardedIntGauge<2>,
     ) -> Self {
         reader_count.inc();
         writer_count.inc();
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 317f1042b263d..053467d9f125d 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -216,13 +216,13 @@ impl From<SinkCatalog> for SinkParam {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SinkMetrics {
-    pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: LabelGuardedHistogram,
-    pub connector_sink_rows_received: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
-    pub log_store_first_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
-    pub log_store_latest_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
-    pub log_store_write_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
-    pub log_store_latest_read_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge,
-    pub log_store_read_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub sink_commit_duration_metrics: LabelGuardedHistogram<3>,
+    pub connector_sink_rows_received: LabelGuardedIntCounter<2>,
+    pub log_store_first_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge<3>,
+    pub log_store_latest_write_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge<3>,
+    pub log_store_write_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter<3>,
+    pub log_store_latest_read_epoch: LabelGuardedIntGauge<3>,
+    pub log_store_read_rows: LabelGuardedIntCounter<3>,
 }
 
 impl SinkMetrics {
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
index 2e114ac766de1..1b4894256f11c 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/hummock_state_store_metrics.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,14 @@ use prometheus::{
     register_int_gauge_with_registry, Gauge, IntGauge, IntGaugeVec, Opts, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::config::MetricLevel;
-use risingwave_common::metrics::{RelabeledCounterVec, RelabeledHistogramVec};
+use risingwave_common::metrics::{
+    RelabeledCounterVec, RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec, RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec,
+    RelabeledHistogramVec,
+};
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
+use risingwave_common::{
+    register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry,
+};
 use tracing::warn;
 
 /// [`HummockStateStoreMetrics`] stores the performance and IO metrics of `XXXStore` such as
@@ -35,17 +41,17 @@ pub struct HummockStateStoreMetrics {
     pub bloom_filter_true_negative_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
     pub bloom_filter_check_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
     pub iter_merge_sstable_counts: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub sst_store_block_request_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
-    pub iter_scan_key_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
+    pub sst_store_block_request_counts: RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub iter_scan_key_counts: RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
     pub get_shared_buffer_hit_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
     pub remote_read_time: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub iter_fetch_meta_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
+    pub iter_fetch_meta_duration: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<1>,
     pub iter_fetch_meta_cache_unhits: IntGauge,
     pub iter_slow_fetch_meta_cache_unhits: IntGauge,
 
-    pub read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
-    pub read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
-    pub read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
+    pub read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts: RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts: RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts: RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
 
     pub write_batch_tuple_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
     pub write_batch_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
@@ -130,27 +136,27 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
         );
 
         // ----- sst store -----
-        let sst_store_block_request_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let sst_store_block_request_counts = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_sst_store_block_request_counts",
             "Total number of sst block requests that have been issued to sst store",
             &["table_id", "type"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let sst_store_block_request_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
+        let sst_store_block_request_counts = RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Critical,
             sst_store_block_request_counts,
             metric_level,
         );
 
-        let iter_scan_key_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let iter_scan_key_counts = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_iter_scan_key_counts",
             "Total number of keys read by iterator",
             &["table_id", "type"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let iter_scan_key_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
+        let iter_scan_key_counts = RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Info,
             iter_scan_key_counts,
             metric_level,
@@ -188,8 +194,8 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
             state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_fetch_meta_duration =
-            register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
-        let iter_fetch_meta_duration = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
+            register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
+        let iter_fetch_meta_duration = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Info,
             iter_fetch_meta_duration,
             metric_level,
@@ -310,33 +316,35 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
             .register(Box::new(uploader_uploading_task_size.clone()))
             .unwrap();
 
-        let read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts",
             "Total number of read request with at least one SST bloom filter check returns positive",
             &["table_id", "type"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
-            MetricLevel::Info,
-            read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts,
-            metric_level,
-        );
+        let read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts =
+            RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec::with_metric_level(
+                MetricLevel::Info,
+                read_req_bloom_filter_positive_counts,
+                metric_level,
+            );
 
-        let read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts",
             "Total number of read request on non-existent key/prefix with at least one SST bloom filter check returns positive",
             &["table_id", "type"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
-        let read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
-            MetricLevel::Info,
-            read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts,
-            metric_level,
-        );
+        let read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts =
+            RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec::with_metric_level(
+                MetricLevel::Info,
+                read_req_positive_but_non_exist_counts,
+                metric_level,
+            );
 
-        let read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "state_store_read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts",
             "Total number of read request that checks bloom filter with a prefix hint",
             &["table_id", "type"],
@@ -344,7 +352,7 @@ impl HummockStateStoreMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts = RelabeledCounterVec::with_metric_level(
+        let read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts = RelabeledGuardedIntCounterVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Info,
             read_req_check_bloom_filter_counts,
             metric_level,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
index bf2bb181df1fc..1a33a8bcb6ac1 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/monitor/monitored_storage_metrics.rs
@@ -19,20 +19,23 @@ use prometheus::{
     register_histogram_with_registry, register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, Histogram, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::config::MetricLevel;
-use risingwave_common::metrics::{RelabeledCounterVec, RelabeledHistogramVec};
+use risingwave_common::metrics::{
+    RelabeledCounterVec, RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec, RelabeledHistogramVec,
+};
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
+use risingwave_common::register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry;
 
 /// [`MonitoredStorageMetrics`] stores the performance and IO metrics of Storage.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MonitoredStorageMetrics {
-    pub get_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
+    pub get_duration: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<1>,
     pub get_key_size: RelabeledHistogramVec,
     pub get_value_size: RelabeledHistogramVec,
 
     pub iter_size: RelabeledHistogramVec,
     pub iter_item: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub iter_init_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub iter_scan_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
+    pub iter_init_duration: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<1>,
+    pub iter_scan_duration: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<1>,
     pub may_exist_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
 
     pub iter_in_process_counts: RelabeledCounterVec,
@@ -97,10 +100,13 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
             "Total latency of get that have been issued to state store",
             state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
-        let get_duration =
-            register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(get_duration_opts, &["table_id"], registry)
-                .unwrap();
-        let get_duration = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
+        let get_duration = register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+            get_duration_opts,
+            &["table_id"],
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let get_duration = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Critical,
             get_duration,
             metric_level,
@@ -132,8 +138,8 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
             state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_init_duration =
-            register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
-        let iter_init_duration = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
+            register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
+        let iter_init_duration = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Critical,
             iter_init_duration,
             metric_level,
@@ -145,8 +151,8 @@ impl MonitoredStorageMetrics {
             state_store_read_time_buckets.clone(),
         );
         let iter_scan_duration =
-            register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
-        let iter_scan_duration = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
+            register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(opts, &["table_id"], registry).unwrap();
+        let iter_scan_duration = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level(
             MetricLevel::Critical,
             iter_scan_duration,
             metric_level,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
index 3f30b3753b37c..4256da4ca9325 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/log_store_impl/kv_log_store/mod.rs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ type ReaderTruncationOffsetType = (u64, Option<SeqIdType>);
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
-    pub storage_read_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
-    pub storage_read_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub storage_read_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter<4>,
+    pub storage_read_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter<4>,
 }
 
 impl KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ impl KvLogStoreReadMetrics {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct KvLogStoreMetrics {
-    pub storage_write_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
-    pub storage_write_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter,
+    pub storage_write_count: LabelGuardedIntCounter<3>,
+    pub storage_write_size: LabelGuardedIntCounter<3>,
     pub persistent_log_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
     pub flushed_buffer_read_metrics: KvLogStoreReadMetrics,
 }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index d06360f10b80d..459e9cbaa439c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use prometheus::core::{AtomicF64, AtomicI64, AtomicU64, GenericCounterVec, GenericGaugeVec};
 use prometheus::{
     exponential_buckets, histogram_opts, register_gauge_vec_with_registry,
-    register_histogram_vec_with_registry, register_histogram_with_registry,
-    register_int_counter_vec_with_registry, register_int_counter_with_registry,
-    register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry, register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, IntCounter,
-    IntGauge, Registry,
+    register_histogram_with_registry, register_int_counter_vec_with_registry,
+    register_int_counter_with_registry, register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry,
+    register_int_gauge_with_registry, Histogram, IntCounter, IntGauge, Registry,
 };
 use risingwave_common::config::MetricLevel;
 use risingwave_common::metrics::{
     LabelGuardedHistogramVec, LabelGuardedIntCounterVec, LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec,
-    RelabeledHistogramVec,
+    RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec,
 };
 use risingwave_common::monitor::GLOBAL_METRICS_REGISTRY;
 use risingwave_common::{
@@ -43,8 +42,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
 
     // Streaming actor metrics from tokio (disabled by default)
     pub actor_execution_time: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
-    pub actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    pub actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
     pub actor_scheduled_duration: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
     pub actor_scheduled_cnt: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub actor_fast_poll_duration: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicF64>,
@@ -58,8 +57,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
 
     // Streaming actor
     pub actor_memory_usage: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub actor_in_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub actor_out_record_cnt: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
+    pub actor_in_record_cnt: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub actor_out_record_cnt: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
 
     // Source
     pub source_output_row_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -74,14 +73,14 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub exchange_frag_recv_size: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
 
     // Streaming Join
-    pub join_lookup_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_lookup_total_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_insert_cache_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_match_duration_ns: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
-    pub join_barrier_align_duration: RelabeledHistogramVec,
-    pub join_cached_entry_count: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
-    pub join_matched_join_keys: RelabeledHistogramVec,
+    pub join_lookup_miss_count: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<5>,
+    pub join_lookup_total_count: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<5>,
+    pub join_insert_cache_miss_count: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<5>,
+    pub join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<2>,
+    pub join_match_duration_ns: LabelGuardedIntCounterVec<3>,
+    pub join_barrier_align_duration: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<3>,
+    pub join_cached_entry_count: LabelGuardedIntGaugeVec<3>,
+    pub join_matched_join_keys: RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec<3>,
 
     // Streaming Aggregation
     pub agg_lookup_miss_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -238,21 +237,23 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
-            "Total blocking duration (ns) of output buffer",
-            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "downstream_fragment_id"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns =
+            register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+                "stream_actor_output_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
+                "Total blocking duration (ns) of output buffer",
+                &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "downstream_fragment_id"],
+                registry
+            )
+            .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
-            "stream_actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
-            "Total blocking duration (ns) of input buffer",
-            &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "upstream_fragment_id"],
-            registry
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns =
+            register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+                "stream_actor_input_buffer_blocking_duration_ns",
+                "Total blocking duration (ns) of input buffer",
+                &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "upstream_fragment_id"],
+                registry
+            )
+            .unwrap();
 
         let exchange_frag_recv_size = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_exchange_frag_recv_size",
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_in_record_cnt = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let actor_in_record_cnt = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_in_record_cnt",
             "Total number of rows actor received",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let actor_out_record_cnt = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let actor_out_record_cnt = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_actor_out_record_cnt",
             "Total number of rows actor sent",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
@@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_lookup_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_lookup_miss_count = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_lookup_miss_count",
             "Join executor lookup miss duration",
             &[
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_lookup_total_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_lookup_total_count = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_lookup_total_count",
             "Join executor lookup total operation",
             &[
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_insert_cache_miss_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_insert_cache_miss_count = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_insert_cache_miss_count",
             "Join executor cache miss when insert operation",
             &[
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_actor_input_waiting_duration_ns",
             "Total waiting duration (ns) of input buffer of join actor",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id"],
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_match_duration_ns = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_match_duration_ns = register_guarded_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_match_duration_ns",
             "Matching duration for each side",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
@@ -429,21 +430,21 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             "Duration of join align barrier",
             exponential_buckets(0.0001, 2.0, 21).unwrap() // max 104s
         );
-        let join_barrier_align_duration = register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_barrier_align_duration = register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
             opts,
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "wait_side"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_barrier_align_duration = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level_relabel_n(
+        let join_barrier_align_duration = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level_relabel_n(
             MetricLevel::Debug,
             join_barrier_align_duration,
             level,
             1,
         );
 
-        let join_cached_entry_count = register_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_cached_entry_count = register_guarded_int_gauge_vec_with_registry!(
             "stream_join_cached_entry_count",
             "Number of cached entries in streaming join operators",
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "side"],
@@ -457,14 +458,14 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             exponential_buckets(16.0, 2.0, 28).unwrap() // max 2^31
         );
 
-        let join_matched_join_keys = register_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
+        let join_matched_join_keys = register_guarded_histogram_vec_with_registry!(
             join_matched_join_keys_opts,
             &["actor_id", "fragment_id", "table_id"],
             registry
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let join_matched_join_keys = RelabeledHistogramVec::with_metric_level_relabel_n(
+        let join_matched_join_keys = RelabeledGuardedHistogramVec::with_metric_level_relabel_n(
             MetricLevel::Debug,
             join_matched_join_keys,
             level,

From ddeea32ffe4ca0362c9781fa0fe99cdfc8e94e10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 17:45:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 365/430] fix: fix tab completion for relation (#12908)

---
 .../batch/subquery/tab_completion.slt.part    | 25 +++++++++++++
 .../plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs       | 36 +++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/subquery/tab_completion.slt.part

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/subquery/tab_completion.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/tab_completion.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..60d87d6ff5e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/subquery/tab_completion.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# queries from psql tab completion
+
+statement ok
+create table ttttt(x int);
+
+statement ok
+create table tttt(x int);
+
+# select * from tt<tab>
+query I rowsort
+SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'S', 'v', 'm', 'f', 'p') AND substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname),1,2)='tt' AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid) AND c.relnamespace <> (SELECT oid FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+UNION
+SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace n WHERE substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.',1,2)='tt' AND (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace WHERE substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(nspname) || '.',1,2) = substring('tt',1,pg_catalog.length(pg_catalog.quote_ident(nspname))+1)) > 1
+UNION
+SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_namespace n WHERE c.relnamespace = n.oid AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'S', 'v', 'm', 'f', 'p') AND substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname),1,2)='tt' AND substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.',1,2) = substring('tt',1,pg_catalog.length(pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname))+1) AND (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace WHERE substring(pg_catalog.quote_ident(nspname) || '.',1,2) = substring('tt',1,pg_catalog.length(pg_catalog.quote_ident(nspname))+1)) = 1
+LIMIT 1000
+----
+tttt
+ttttt
+
+statement ok
+drop table tttt;
+
+statement ok
+drop table ttttt;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
index 71b7b17d9ab4e..3b071ddaf3dfe 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use std::ops::{Mul, Sub};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 
 use super::{DefaultBehavior, DefaultValue, PlanVisitor};
-use crate::catalog::system_catalog::pg_catalog::PG_NAMESPACE_TABLE_NAME;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::TopNLimit;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     self, PlanNode, PlanTreeNode, PlanTreeNodeBinary, PlanTreeNodeUnary,
@@ -44,18 +43,35 @@ impl CardinalityVisitor {
         // We don't have UNIQUE key now. So we hack here to support some complex queries on
         // system tables.
         // TODO(card): remove this after we have UNIQUE key. https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12514
-        if let Some(scan) = input.as_logical_scan()
-            && scan.is_sys_table()
-            && scan.table_name() == PG_NAMESPACE_TABLE_NAME
         {
-            if let Some(nspname) = scan
-                .output_col_idx()
-                .iter()
-                .find(|i| scan.table_desc().columns[**i].name == "nspname") {
-                unique_keys.push([*nspname].into_iter().collect());
+            // Hack for unique key `nspname` on `pg_catalog.pg_namespace`
+            //
+            // LogicalFilter { predicate: (rw_schemas.name = ...) }
+            //  (below is expanded logical view, see src/frontend/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_namespace.rs)
+            //  └─LogicalProject { exprs: [rw_schemas.id, rw_schemas.name, rw_schemas.owner, rw_schemas.acl] }
+            //    └─LogicalScan { table: rw_schemas, columns: [id, name, owner, acl] }
+            fn try_get_unique_key_from_pg_namespace(plan: &dyn PlanNode) -> Option<HashSet<usize>> {
+                let proj = plan.as_logical_project()?;
+                if !proj.is_identity() {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                let scan = proj.input();
+                let scan = scan.as_logical_scan()?;
+                if scan.is_sys_table() && scan.table_name() == "rw_schemas" {
+                    if let Some(name) = scan
+                        .output_col_idx()
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|i| scan.table_desc().columns[**i].name == "name")
+                    {
+                        return Some([*name].into_iter().collect());
+                    }
+                }
+                None
+            }
+            if let Some(unique_key) = try_get_unique_key_from_pg_namespace(input) {
+                unique_keys.push(unique_key);
             }
         }
-
         if unique_keys
             .iter()
             .any(|unique_key| eq_set.is_superset(unique_key))

From 1c2e5aaba56ccd3cf99c7228573cad22b5fe9809 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: William Wen <44139337+wenym1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 18:06:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 366/430] feat(expr): implement greatest and least function
 (#12838)

---
 .../batch/functions/greatest_least.slt.part   |  73 ++++
 proto/expr.proto                              |   2 +
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs               | 340 +++++++++++-------
 src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs                    |   2 +
 src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs      |   3 +
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs  |   4 +
 7 files changed, 303 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/batch/functions/greatest_least.slt.part

diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/functions/greatest_least.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/functions/greatest_least.slt.part
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..43a7996fe7df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/functions/greatest_least.slt.part
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+statement ok
+create table t(id int, v1 int2, v2 int4, v3 int8);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t values (1, 1, 2, 3), (2, 2, NULL, 5), (3, NULL, NULL, 8), (4, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+statement error
+select greatest(v1, '123');
+
+statement error
+select greatest();
+
+statement error
+select least();
+
+query I
+select greatest(1, 2, 3);
+----
+3
+
+query I
+select greatest(2);
+----
+2
+
+query I
+select least(1, 2, 3);
+----
+1
+
+query I
+select least(2);
+----
+2
+
+query I
+select greatest(v1, v2, v3) from t order by id;
+----
+3
+5
+8
+NULL
+
+query I
+select least(v1, v2, v3) from t order by id;
+----
+1
+2
+8
+NULL
+
+query I
+select greatest(7, v3) from t order by id;
+----
+7
+7
+8
+7
+
+query I
+select least(NULL, v1, 2) from t order by id;
+----
+1
+2
+2
+2
+
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 2086554e78975..769532d8dbe19 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ message ExprNode {
     LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL = 11;
     GREATER_THAN = 12;
     GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL = 13;
+    GREATEST = 14;
+    LEAST = 15;
     // logical operators
     AND = 21;
     OR = 22;
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
index b5a38af0d44a6..beccbc9e6766d 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cmp.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use risingwave_common::array::{Array, BoolArray};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::{Scalar, ScalarRef, ScalarRefImpl};
 use risingwave_expr::function;
 
 #[function("equal(boolean, boolean) -> boolean", batch_fn = "boolarray_eq")]
@@ -287,6 +289,66 @@ fn is_not_null<T>(v: Option<T>) -> bool {
     v.is_some()
 }
 
+#[function("greatest(...) -> boolean")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> *int")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> decimal")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> *float")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> serial")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> int256")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> date")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> time")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> interval")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> timestamp")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> timestamptz")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> varchar")]
+#[function("greatest(...) -> bytea")]
+pub fn general_variadic_greatest<T>(row: impl Row) -> Option<T>
+where
+    T: Scalar,
+    for<'a> <T as Scalar>::ScalarRefType<'a>: TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>> + Ord + Debug,
+{
+    row.iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .map(
+            |scalar| match <<T as Scalar>::ScalarRefType<'_>>::try_from(scalar) {
+                Ok(v) => v,
+                Err(_) => unreachable!("all input type should have been aligned in the frontend"),
+            },
+        )
+        .max()
+        .map(|v| v.to_owned_scalar())
+}
+
+#[function("least(...) -> boolean")]
+#[function("least(...) -> *int")]
+#[function("least(...) -> decimal")]
+#[function("least(...) -> *float")]
+#[function("least(...) -> serial")]
+#[function("least(...) -> int256")]
+#[function("least(...) -> date")]
+#[function("least(...) -> time")]
+#[function("least(...) -> interval")]
+#[function("least(...) -> timestamp")]
+#[function("least(...) -> timestamptz")]
+#[function("least(...) -> varchar")]
+#[function("least(...) -> bytea")]
+pub fn general_variadic_least<T>(row: impl Row) -> Option<T>
+where
+    T: Scalar,
+    for<'a> <T as Scalar>::ScalarRefType<'a>: TryFrom<ScalarRefImpl<'a>> + Ord + Debug,
+{
+    row.iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .map(
+            |scalar| match <<T as Scalar>::ScalarRefType<'_>>::try_from(scalar) {
+                Ok(v) => v,
+                Err(_) => unreachable!("all input type should have been aligned in the frontend"),
+            },
+        )
+        .min()
+        .map(|v| v.to_owned_scalar())
+}
+
 // optimized functions for bool arrays
 
 fn boolarray_eq(l: &BoolArray, r: &BoolArray) -> BoolArray {
@@ -365,7 +427,7 @@ fn batch_is_not_null(a: &impl Array) -> BoolArray {
 mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
-    use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, F32, F64};
+    use risingwave_common::types::{Decimal, Timestamp, F32, F64};
     use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
     use super::*;
@@ -472,6 +534,26 @@ mod tests {
         test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x >= y, Type::GreaterThanOrEqual).await;
         test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x < y, Type::LessThan).await;
         test_binary_i32::<BoolArray, _>(|x, y| x <= y, Type::LessThanOrEqual).await;
+        test_binary_inner::<I32Array, I32Array, I32Array, _>(
+            reduce(std::cmp::max::<i32>),
+            Type::Greatest,
+        )
+        .await;
+        test_binary_inner::<I32Array, I32Array, I32Array, _>(
+            reduce(std::cmp::min::<i32>),
+            Type::Least,
+        )
+        .await;
+        test_binary_inner::<BoolArray, BoolArray, BoolArray, _>(
+            reduce(std::cmp::max::<bool>),
+            Type::Greatest,
+        )
+        .await;
+        test_binary_inner::<BoolArray, BoolArray, BoolArray, _>(
+            reduce(std::cmp::min::<bool>),
+            Type::Least,
+        )
+        .await;
         test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x + y, Type::Add).await;
         test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x - y, Type::Subtract).await;
         test_binary_decimal::<DecimalArray, _>(|x, y| x * y, Type::Multiply).await;
@@ -494,46 +576,132 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
     }
 
-    async fn test_binary_i32<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
+    trait TestFrom: Copy {
+        const NAME: &'static str;
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self;
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for i32 {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "int4";
+
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self {
+            i as i32
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for Decimal {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "decimal";
+
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self {
+            i.into()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for bool {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "boolean";
+
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self {
+            i % 2 == 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for Timestamp {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "timestamp";
+
+        fn test_from(_: usize) -> Self {
+            unimplemented!("not implemented as input yet")
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for Interval {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "interval";
+
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self {
+            Interval::from_ymd(0, i as _, i as _)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TestFrom for Date {
+        const NAME: &'static str = "date";
+
+        fn test_from(i: usize) -> Self {
+            Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i as i32)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    fn gen_test_data<L: TestFrom, R: TestFrom, O>(
+        count: usize,
+        f: impl Fn(Option<L>, Option<R>) -> Option<O>,
+    ) -> (Vec<Option<L>>, Vec<Option<R>>, Vec<Option<O>>) {
+        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<L>>::new();
+        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<R>>::new();
+        let mut target = Vec::<Option<O>>::new();
+        for i in 0..count {
+            let (l, r) = if i % 2 == 0 {
+                (Some(i), None)
+            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
+                (Some(i), Some(i + 1))
+            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
+                (Some(i + 1), Some(i))
+            } else if i % 7 == 0 {
+                (None, Some(i))
+            } else {
+                (Some(i), Some(i))
+            };
+            let l = l.map(TestFrom::test_from);
+            let r = r.map(TestFrom::test_from);
+            lhs.push(l);
+            rhs.push(r);
+            target.push(f(l, r));
+        }
+        (lhs, rhs, target)
+    }
+
+    fn arithmetic<L, R, O>(f: impl Fn(L, R) -> O) -> impl Fn(Option<L>, Option<R>) -> Option<O> {
+        move |l, r| match (l, r) {
+            (Some(l), Some(r)) => Some(f(l, r)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reduce<I>(f: impl Fn(I, I) -> I) -> impl Fn(Option<I>, Option<I>) -> Option<I> {
+        move |l, r| match (l, r) {
+            (Some(l), Some(r)) => Some(f(l, r)),
+            (Some(l), None) => Some(l),
+            (None, Some(r)) => Some(r),
+            (None, None) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn test_binary_inner<L, R, A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
     where
+        L: Array,
+        L: for<'a> FromIterator<&'a Option<<L as Array>::OwnedItem>>,
+        <L as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
+        R: Array,
+        R: for<'a> FromIterator<&'a Option<<R as Array>::OwnedItem>>,
+        <R as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
         A: Array,
         for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
         for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
-        F: Fn(i32, i32) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+        <A as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
+        F: Fn(
+            Option<<L as Array>::OwnedItem>,
+            Option<<R as Array>::OwnedItem>,
+        ) -> Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>,
     {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<i32>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(Some(i + 1));
-                target.push(Some(f(i, i + 1)));
-            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i + 1));
-                rhs.push(Some(i));
-                target.push(Some(f(i + 1, i)));
-            } else {
-                lhs.push(Some(i));
-                rhs.push(Some(i));
-                target.push(Some(f(i, i)));
-            }
-        }
+        let (lhs, rhs, target) = gen_test_data(100, f);
 
-        let col1 = I32Array::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = I32Array::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
+        let col1 = L::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
+        let col2 = R::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
         let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let ty = match kind {
-            Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => "int4",
-            _ => "boolean",
-        };
+        let l_name = <<L as Array>::OwnedItem as TestFrom>::NAME;
+        let r_name = <<R as Array>::OwnedItem as TestFrom>::NAME;
+        let output_name = <<A as Array>::OwnedItem as TestFrom>::NAME;
         let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
-            "({name}:{ty} $0:int4 $1:int4)",
-            name = kind.as_str_name()
+            "({name}:{output_name} $0:{l_name} $1:{r_name})",
+            name = kind.as_str_name(),
         ));
         let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
         let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
@@ -553,54 +721,26 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    async fn test_binary_i32<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
+    where
+        A: Array,
+        for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
+        for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        <A as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
+        F: Fn(i32, i32) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
+    {
+        test_binary_inner::<I32Array, I32Array, _, _>(arithmetic(f), kind).await
+    }
+
     async fn test_binary_interval<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
     where
         A: Array,
         for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
         for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        <A as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
         F: Fn(Date, Interval) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
     {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Date>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Interval>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
-                lhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else {
-                rhs.push(Some(Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i)));
-                lhs.push(Some(Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i)));
-                target.push(Some(f(
-                    Date::from_num_days_from_ce_uncheck(i),
-                    Interval::from_ymd(0, i, i),
-                )));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = DateArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = IntervalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
-            "({name}:timestamp $0:date $1:interval)",
-            name = kind.as_str_name()
-        ));
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                lhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
-                rhs[i].map(|date| date.to_scalar_value()),
-            ]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
+        test_binary_inner::<DateArray, IntervalArray, _, _>(arithmetic(f), kind).await
     }
 
     async fn test_binary_decimal<A, F>(f: F, kind: Type)
@@ -608,57 +748,9 @@ mod tests {
         A: Array,
         for<'a> &'a A: std::convert::From<&'a ArrayImpl>,
         for<'a> <A as Array>::RefItem<'a>: PartialEq,
+        <A as Array>::OwnedItem: TestFrom,
         F: Fn(Decimal, Decimal) -> <A as Array>::OwnedItem,
     {
-        let mut lhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
-        let mut rhs = Vec::<Option<Decimal>>::new();
-        let mut target = Vec::<Option<<A as Array>::OwnedItem>>::new();
-        for i in 0..100 {
-            if i % 2 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
-                rhs.push(None);
-                target.push(None);
-            } else if i % 3 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some(i.into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i + 1).into())));
-            } else if i % 5 == 0 {
-                lhs.push(Some((i + 1).into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i + 1).into(), (i).into())));
-            } else {
-                lhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                rhs.push(Some((i).into()));
-                target.push(Some(f((i).into(), (i).into())));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let col1 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&lhs).into_ref();
-        let col2 = DecimalArray::from_iter(&rhs).into_ref();
-        let data_chunk = DataChunk::new(vec![col1, col2], 100);
-        let ty = match kind {
-            Type::Add | Type::Subtract | Type::Multiply | Type::Divide => "decimal",
-            _ => "boolean",
-        };
-        let expr = build_from_pretty(format!(
-            "({name}:{ty} $0:decimal $1:decimal)",
-            name = kind.as_str_name()
-        ));
-        let res = expr.eval(&data_chunk).await.unwrap();
-        let arr: &A = res.as_ref().into();
-        for (idx, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = target[idx].as_ref().map(|x| x.as_scalar_ref());
-            assert_eq!(x, item);
-        }
-
-        for i in 0..lhs.len() {
-            let row = OwnedRow::new(vec![
-                lhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
-                rhs[i].map(|dec| dec.to_scalar_value()),
-            ]);
-            let result = expr.eval_row(&row).await.unwrap();
-            let expected = target[i].as_ref().cloned().map(|x| x.to_scalar_value());
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
+        test_binary_inner::<DecimalArray, DecimalArray, _, _>(arithmetic(f), kind).await
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
index 1a227e9472042..95798d8284929 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/tests/sig.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ fn test_func_sig_map() {
             "cast(smallint) -> rw_int256/numeric/double precision/real/bigint/integer/character varying",
             "cast(time without time zone) -> interval/character varying",
             "cast(timestamp without time zone) -> time without time zone/date/character varying",
+            "greatest() -> bytea/character varying/timestamp with time zone/timestamp without time zone/interval/time without time zone/date/rw_int256/serial/real/double precision/numeric/smallint/integer/bigint/boolean",
+            "least() -> bytea/character varying/timestamp with time zone/timestamp without time zone/interval/time without time zone/date/rw_int256/serial/real/double precision/numeric/smallint/integer/bigint/boolean",
         ]
     "#]];
     expected.assert_debug_eq(&duplicated);
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
index a4cb82528cb37..18438b28c0a98 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/expr/function.rs
@@ -866,6 +866,9 @@ impl Binder {
                 ("jsonb_array_length", raw_call(ExprType::JsonbArrayLength)),
                 // Functions that return a constant value
                 ("pi", pi()),
+                // greatest and least
+                ("greatest", raw_call(ExprType::Greatest)),
+                ("least", raw_call(ExprType::Least)),
                 // System information operations.
                 (
                     "pg_typeof",
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 71b3a2e20f475..44300073fd678 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -198,7 +198,9 @@ impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
             | expr_node::Type::ArrayPositions
             | expr_node::Type::StringToArray
             | expr_node::Type::Format
-            | expr_node::Type::ArrayTransform =>
+            | expr_node::Type::ArrayTransform
+            | expr_node::Type::Greatest
+            | expr_node::Type::Least =>
             // expression output is deterministic(same result for the same input)
             {
                 let x = func_call
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
index 2e7eebf42362f..84e315dacae45 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/type_inference/func.rs
@@ -537,6 +537,10 @@ fn infer_type_for_special(
             ensure_arity!("vnode", 1 <= | inputs |);
             Ok(Some(DataType::Int16))
         }
+        ExprType::Greatest | ExprType::Least => {
+            ensure_arity!("greatest/least", 1 <= | inputs |);
+            Ok(Some(align_types(inputs.iter_mut())?))
+        }
         _ => Ok(None),
     }
 }

From 34ec26075cf45cd2679f0e30aaa4d4e52eb5187d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 18:10:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 367/430] fix(java_binding): fix java binding TLS allocation
 failure (#12862)

Co-authored-by: chenzl25 <chenzl25@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 17 ++++++++++-
 Cargo.toml                                    |  1 +
 src/common/Cargo.toml                         |  1 -
 src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml          | 30 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src}/jeprof.rs                            |  3 +-
 .../mod.rs => heap_profiling/src/lib.rs}      |  0
 .../src}/profiler.rs                          |  2 +-
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |  1 -
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                        |  1 +
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        | 10 ++++---
 src/compute/src/server.rs                     |  2 +-
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |  1 +
 src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs                 |  2 +-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                           |  2 +-
 src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml              |  1 +
 src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs           |  2 +-
 16 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
 rename src/common/{src/heap_profiling => heap_profiling/src}/jeprof.rs (97%)
 rename src/common/{src/heap_profiling/mod.rs => heap_profiling/src/lib.rs} (100%)
 rename src/common/{src/heap_profiling => heap_profiling/src}/profiler.rs (98%)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 94c5ca804ea42..838818dc0013c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7098,7 +7098,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "sysinfo",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
- "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
  "tinyvec",
  "toml 0.8.2",
  "tower-layer",
@@ -7112,6 +7111,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "risingwave_common_heap_profiling"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "chrono",
+ "madsim-tokio",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "risingwave_common",
+ "tikv-jemalloc-ctl",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_common_proc_macro"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
@@ -7182,6 +7194,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
  "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_object_store",
  "risingwave_pb",
@@ -7215,6 +7228,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "risingwave_batch",
  "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
  "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
@@ -7667,6 +7681,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reqwest",
  "risingwave_backup",
  "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
  "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 81d914b416d17..a975a0186e712 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ risingwave_batch = { path = "./src/batch" }
 risingwave_cmd = { path = "./src/cmd" }
 risingwave_common = { path = "./src/common" }
 risingwave_common_service = { path = "./src/common/common_service" }
+risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { path = "./src/common/heap_profiling" }
 risingwave_compactor = { path = "./src/storage/compactor" }
 risingwave_compute = { path = "./src/compute" }
 risingwave_ctl = { path = "./src/ctl" }
diff --git a/src/common/Cargo.toml b/src/common/Cargo.toml
index 04db863a2ad68..ddd1fe5a33cdb 100644
--- a/src/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 sysinfo = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
 thiserror = "1"
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
 tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["rustc_1_55", "grab_spare_slice"] }
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml b/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6c1b9957555bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[package]
+name = "risingwave_common_heap_profiling"
+version = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[dependencies]
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common = {workspace =true}
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio" }
+tracing = "0.1"
+chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
+    "clock",
+    "std",
+] }
+anyhow = "1"
+parking_lot = "0.12"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs b/src/common/heap_profiling/src/jeprof.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs
rename to src/common/heap_profiling/src/jeprof.rs
index 5c79c67604418..013632f32838e 100644
--- a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/jeprof.rs
+++ b/src/common/heap_profiling/src/jeprof.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ use std::process::Command;
 use std::{env, fs};
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-
-use crate::error::Result;
+use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
 pub async fn run(profile_path: String, collapsed_path: String) -> Result<()> {
     let executable_path = env::current_exe()?;
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs b/src/common/heap_profiling/src/lib.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/common/src/heap_profiling/mod.rs
rename to src/common/heap_profiling/src/lib.rs
diff --git a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs b/src/common/heap_profiling/src/profiler.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs
rename to src/common/heap_profiling/src/profiler.rs
index fbf972d94f2f0..49e81e8526241 100644
--- a/src/common/src/heap_profiling/profiler.rs
+++ b/src/common/heap_profiling/src/profiler.rs
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use parking_lot::Once;
+use risingwave_common::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
 use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{
     epoch as jemalloc_epoch, opt as jemalloc_opt, prof as jemalloc_prof, stats as jemalloc_stats,
 };
 use tokio::time::{self, Duration};
 
 use super::AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX;
-use crate::config::HeapProfilingConfig;
 
 pub struct HeapProfiler {
     config: HeapProfilingConfig,
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index a2b1d22f59d9b..228fb6200b667 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod vnode_mapping;
 
-pub mod heap_profiling;
 pub mod range;
 
 pub mod test_prelude {
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 1cf81e6070820..93e4e643dcf04 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pprof = { version = "0.13", features = ["flamegraph"] }
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_batch = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index ea95a87574572..565a7af2467ec 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::config::ServerConfig;
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::{
-    self, AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX,
-};
+use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::{AUTO_DUMP_SUFFIX, COLLAPSED_SUFFIX, MANUALLY_DUMP_SUFFIX};
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::monitor_service_server::MonitorService;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
     AnalyzeHeapRequest, AnalyzeHeapResponse, HeapProfilingRequest, HeapProfilingResponse,
@@ -219,7 +217,11 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
 
         // run jeprof if the target was not analyzed before
         if !collapsed_path.exists() {
-            heap_profiling::jeprof::run(dumped_path_str, collapsed_path_str.clone()).await?;
+            risingwave_common_heap_profiling::jeprof::run(
+                dumped_path_str,
+                collapsed_path_str.clone(),
+            )
+            .await?;
         }
 
         let file = fs::read(Path::new(&collapsed_path_str))?;
diff --git a/src/compute/src/server.rs b/src/compute/src/server.rs
index 02d7d6683ea8c..bfa2ad6584090 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/server.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ use risingwave_common::config::{
     load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, StorageMemoryConfig,
     MAX_CONNECTION_WINDOW_SIZE, STREAM_WINDOW_SIZE,
 };
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::LocalSystemParamsManager;
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::manager::TelemetryManager;
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ use risingwave_common::telemetry::telemetry_env_enabled;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_common::util::pretty_bytes::convert;
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
+use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common_service::metrics_manager::MetricsManager;
 use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::ObserverManager;
 use risingwave_common_service::tracing::TracingExtractLayer;
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index 05692b7238ff7..5bdcdfd633129 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ regex = "1"
 reqwest = "0.11"
 risingwave_backup = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
index e00b87b0ed9a4..a184bc9155e68 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
     use axum::Json;
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use risingwave_common::bail;
-    use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::COLLAPSED_SUFFIX;
+    use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::COLLAPSED_SUFFIX;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::{Sink, Source, Table};
     use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index 5fa90a77d48cb..7a147274a8d2f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use clap::Parser;
 pub use error::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 use risingwave_common::config::OverrideConfig;
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common::util::resource_util;
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
+use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 pub use rpc::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
 
 use crate::manager::MetaOpts;
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
index f4118ff639b5d..54d48a88923a6 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_object_store = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
index 627cd3491d78f..3ad23bf68cc3b 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/server.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::config::{
     extract_storage_memory_config, load_config, AsyncStackTraceOption, MetricLevel, RwConfig,
 };
-use risingwave_common::heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common::monitor::connection::{RouterExt, TcpConfig};
 use risingwave_common::system_param::local_manager::LocalSystemParamsManager;
 use risingwave_common::system_param::reader::SystemParamsReader;
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ use risingwave_common::telemetry::telemetry_env_enabled;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_common::util::resource_util;
 use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
+use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 use risingwave_common_service::metrics_manager::MetricsManager;
 use risingwave_common_service::observer_manager::ObserverManager;
 use risingwave_object_store::object::object_metrics::GLOBAL_OBJECT_STORE_METRICS;

From c25609832c7d6ce6f3f59c94fca2cc406360c5b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 22:19:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 368/430] refactor(expr): allow defining context visibility
 using restricted relative path (#12919)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 src/expr/macro/Cargo.toml                     |  2 +-
 src/expr/macro/src/context.rs                 |  5 ++
 src/expr/macro/src/utils.rs                   | 70 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/expr/function_impl/context.rs         |  8 +--
 4 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/expr/macro/Cargo.toml b/src/expr/macro/Cargo.toml
index c73d9c723dd69..bf761b142061f 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/expr/macro/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ proc-macro = true
 itertools = "0.11"
 proc-macro2 = "1"
 quote = "1"
-syn = "2"
+syn = { version = "2", features = ["full", "extra-traits"] }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
index 152b59761492c..e55c5adee6de2 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/context.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ use quote::{quote, quote_spanned, ToTokens};
 use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream};
 use syn::{Error, FnArg, Ident, ItemFn, Result, Token, Type, Visibility};
 
+use crate::utils::extend_vis_with_super;
+
 /// See [`super::define_context!`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct DefineContextField {
@@ -56,6 +58,9 @@ impl DefineContextField {
     pub(super) fn gen(self) -> Result<TokenStream> {
         let Self { vis, name, ty } = self;
 
+        // We create a sub mod, so we need to extend the vis of getter.
+        let vis: Visibility = extend_vis_with_super(vis);
+
         {
             let name_s = name.to_string();
             if name_s.to_uppercase() != name_s {
diff --git a/src/expr/macro/src/utils.rs b/src/expr/macro/src/utils.rs
index 788d09857cc93..74fddf4680db9 100644
--- a/src/expr/macro/src/utils.rs
+++ b/src/expr/macro/src/utils.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use proc_macro2::Ident;
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::{Token, VisRestricted, Visibility};
+
 /// Convert a string from `snake_case` to `CamelCase`.
 pub fn to_camel_case(input: &str) -> String {
     input
@@ -27,3 +31,69 @@ pub fn to_camel_case(input: &str) -> String {
         })
         .collect()
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn extend_vis_with_super(vis: Visibility) -> Visibility {
+    let Visibility::Restricted(vis) = vis else {
+        return vis;
+    };
+    let VisRestricted {
+        pub_token,
+        paren_token,
+        mut in_token,
+        mut path,
+    } = vis;
+    let first_segment = path.segments.first_mut().unwrap();
+    if first_segment.ident == "self" {
+        *first_segment = Ident::new("super", first_segment.span()).into();
+    } else if first_segment.ident == "super" {
+        let span = first_segment.span();
+        path.segments.insert(0, Ident::new("super", span).into());
+        in_token.get_or_insert(Token![in](in_token.span()));
+    }
+    Visibility::Restricted(VisRestricted {
+        pub_token,
+        paren_token,
+        in_token,
+        path,
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use quote::ToTokens;
+    use syn::Visibility;
+
+    use crate::utils::extend_vis_with_super;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_extend_vis_with_super() {
+        let cases = [
+            ("pub", "pub"),
+            ("pub(crate)", "pub(crate)"),
+            ("pub(self)", "pub(super)"),
+            ("pub(super)", "pub(in super::super)"),
+            ("pub(in self)", "pub(in super)"),
+            (
+                "pub(in self::context::data)",
+                "pub(in super::context::data)",
+            ),
+            (
+                "pub(in super::context::data)",
+                "pub(in super::super::context::data)",
+            ),
+            ("pub(in crate::func::impl_)", "pub(in crate::func::impl_)"),
+            (
+                "pub(in ::risingwave_expr::func::impl_)",
+                "pub(in ::risingwave_expr::func::impl_)",
+            ),
+        ];
+        for (input, expected) in cases {
+            let input: Visibility = syn::parse_str(input).unwrap();
+            let expected: Visibility = syn::parse_str(expected).unwrap();
+            let output = extend_vis_with_super(input);
+            let expected = expected.into_token_stream().to_string();
+            let output = output.into_token_stream().to_string();
+            assert_eq!(expected, output);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs
index e3fb5f05191ef..13a7175fabb54 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/function_impl/context.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use risingwave_expr::define_context;
 use crate::session::AuthContext;
 
 define_context! {
-    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) CATALOG_READER: crate::catalog::CatalogReader,
-    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) AUTH_CONTEXT: Arc<AuthContext>,
-    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) DB_NAME: String,
-    pub(in crate::expr::function_impl) SEARCH_PATH: SearchPath,
+    pub(super) CATALOG_READER: crate::catalog::CatalogReader,
+    pub(super) AUTH_CONTEXT: Arc<AuthContext>,
+    pub(super) DB_NAME: String,
+    pub(super) SEARCH_PATH: SearchPath,
 }

From 203cac8b6724e4acb281dae879790b9952533e22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Axel <kevinaxel@163.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 09:22:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 369/430] feat(udf): don't send invisible rows to UDF server
 (#12486)

Signed-off-by: Kevin Axel <kevinaxel@163.com>
---
 src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs | 59 +++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
index 58844ca2e4371..98a237814176d 100644
--- a/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/array/data_chunk.rs
@@ -245,6 +245,50 @@ impl DataChunk {
         Self::new(columns, Bitmap::ones(cardinality))
     }
 
+    pub fn uncompact(self, vis: Bitmap) -> Self {
+        let mut uncompact_builders: Vec<_> = self
+            .columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| c.create_builder(vis.len()))
+            .collect();
+        let mut last_u = None;
+
+        for (idx, u) in vis.iter_ones().enumerate() {
+            // pad invisible rows with NULL
+            let zeros = if let Some(last_u) = last_u {
+                u - last_u - 1
+            } else {
+                u
+            };
+            for _ in 0..zeros {
+                uncompact_builders
+                    .iter_mut()
+                    .for_each(|builder| builder.append_null());
+            }
+            uncompact_builders
+                .iter_mut()
+                .zip_eq_fast(self.columns.iter())
+                .for_each(|(builder, c)| builder.append(c.datum_at(idx)));
+            last_u = Some(u);
+        }
+        let zeros = if let Some(last_u) = last_u {
+            vis.len() - last_u - 1
+        } else {
+            vis.len()
+        };
+        for _ in 0..zeros {
+            uncompact_builders
+                .iter_mut()
+                .for_each(|builder| builder.append_null());
+        }
+        let array: Vec<_> = uncompact_builders
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|builder| Arc::new(builder.finish()))
+            .collect();
+
+        Self::new(array, vis)
+    }
+
     /// Convert the chunk to compact format.
     ///
     /// If the chunk is not compacted, return a new compacted chunk, otherwise return a reference to self.
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 54c49317b748f..a11af2434b4f9 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, Mutex, Weak};
 
-use arrow_schema::{Field, Fields, Schema, SchemaRef};
+use arrow_schema::{Field, Fields, Schema};
 use await_tree::InstrumentAwait;
 use cfg_or_panic::cfg_or_panic;
-use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayImpl, ArrayRef, DataChunk};
+use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayRef, DataChunk};
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub struct UdfExpression {
     children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
     arg_types: Vec<DataType>,
     return_type: DataType,
-    arg_schema: SchemaRef,
+    arg_schema: Arc<Schema>,
     client: Arc<ArrowFlightUdfClient>,
     identifier: String,
     span: await_tree::Span,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
             let array = child.eval(input).await?;
-            columns.push(array.as_ref().try_into()?);
+            columns.push(array);
         }
         self.eval_inner(columns, vis).await
     }
@@ -66,11 +66,7 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
         }
         let arg_row = OwnedRow::new(columns);
         let chunk = DataChunk::from_rows(std::slice::from_ref(&arg_row), &self.arg_types);
-        let arg_columns = chunk
-            .columns()
-            .iter()
-            .map::<Result<_>, _>(|c| Ok(c.as_ref().try_into()?))
-            .try_collect()?;
+        let arg_columns = chunk.columns().to_vec();
         let output_array = self.eval_inner(arg_columns, chunk.visibility()).await?;
         Ok(output_array.to_datum())
     }
@@ -79,30 +75,49 @@ impl Expression for UdfExpression {
 impl UdfExpression {
     async fn eval_inner(
         &self,
-        columns: Vec<arrow_array::ArrayRef>,
+        columns: Vec<ArrayRef>,
         vis: &risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap,
     ) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        let opts = arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(vis.len()));
-        let input =
-            arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(self.arg_schema.clone(), columns, &opts)
-                .expect("failed to build record batch");
+        let chunk = DataChunk::new(columns, vis.clone());
+        let compacted_chunk = chunk.compact_cow();
+        let compacted_columns: Vec<arrow_array::ArrayRef> = compacted_chunk
+            .columns()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| {
+                c.as_ref()
+                    .try_into()
+                    .expect("failed covert ArrayRef to arrow_array::ArrayRef")
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let opts =
+            arrow_array::RecordBatchOptions::default().with_row_count(Some(vis.count_ones()));
+        let input = arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(
+            self.arg_schema.clone(),
+            compacted_columns,
+            &opts,
+        )
+        .expect("failed to build record batch");
+
         let output = self
             .client
             .call(&self.identifier, input)
             .instrument_await(self.span.clone())
             .await?;
-        if output.num_rows() != vis.len() {
+        if output.num_rows() != vis.count_ones() {
             bail!(
                 "UDF returned {} rows, but expected {}",
                 output.num_rows(),
                 vis.len(),
             );
         }
-        let Some(arrow_array) = output.columns().get(0) else {
+
+        let data_chunk =
+            DataChunk::try_from(&output).expect("failed to convert UDF output to DataChunk");
+        let output = data_chunk.uncompact(vis.clone());
+
+        let Some(array) = output.columns().get(0) else {
             bail!("UDF returned no columns");
         };
-        let mut array = ArrayImpl::try_from(arrow_array)?;
-        array.set_bitmap(array.null_bitmap() & vis);
         if !array.data_type().equals_datatype(&self.return_type) {
             bail!(
                 "UDF returned {:?}, but expected {:?}",
@@ -110,7 +125,8 @@ impl UdfExpression {
                 self.return_type,
             );
         }
-        Ok(Arc::new(array))
+
+        Ok(array.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,6 +139,9 @@ impl Build for UdfExpression {
         let return_type = DataType::from(prost.get_return_type().unwrap());
         let udf = prost.get_rex_node().unwrap().as_udf().unwrap();
 
+        // connect to UDF service
+        let client = get_or_create_client(&udf.link)?;
+
         let arg_schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(
             udf.arg_types
                 .iter()
@@ -137,8 +156,6 @@ impl Build for UdfExpression {
                 })
                 .try_collect::<Fields>()?,
         ));
-        // connect to UDF service
-        let client = get_or_create_client(&udf.link)?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             children: udf.children.iter().map(build_child).try_collect()?,

From 57b46414e673219aecf87175e5f04bf74b83bb7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 10:25:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 370/430] refactor(over window): use new
 `table.iter_with_prefix` in streaming OverWindow (#12872)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 .../src/executor/over_window/general.rs       |   1 -
 .../executor/over_window/over_partition.rs    | 147 +++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
index 5a01fabd25149..9e66835b54b05 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/general.rs
@@ -345,7 +345,6 @@ impl<S: StateStore> OverWindowExecutor<S> {
                 &mut cache,
                 this.cache_policy,
                 &this.calls,
-                &this.partition_key_indices,
                 &this.order_key_data_types,
                 &this.order_key_order_types,
                 &this.order_key_indices,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
index b89c51478dbd2..42529a1c80587 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/over_window/over_partition.rs
@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::{Bound, RangeInclusive};
 
-use futures::stream::select_all;
-use futures::{stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use futures_async_stream::for_await;
 use risingwave_common::array::stream_record::Record;
-use risingwave_common::hash::VnodeBitmapExt;
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::session_config::OverWindowCachePolicy as CachePolicy;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
@@ -31,7 +28,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::memcmp_encoding;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_expr::window_function::{FrameBounds, StateKey, WindowFuncCall};
 use risingwave_storage::store::PrefetchOptions;
-use risingwave_storage::table::merge_sort::merge_sort;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use super::delta_btree_map::Change;
@@ -230,12 +226,11 @@ pub(super) struct OverPartition<'a, S: StateStore> {
     cache_policy: CachePolicy,
 
     calls: &'a [WindowFuncCall],
-    partition_key_indices: &'a [usize],
     order_key_data_types: &'a [DataType],
     order_key_order_types: &'a [OrderType],
     order_key_indices: &'a [usize],
     input_pk_indices: &'a [usize],
-    state_key_to_table_pk_proj: Vec<usize>,
+    state_key_to_table_sub_pk_proj: Vec<usize>,
     _phantom: PhantomData<S>,
 }
 
@@ -248,20 +243,16 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
         cache: &'a mut PartitionCache,
         cache_policy: CachePolicy,
         calls: &'a [WindowFuncCall],
-        partition_key_indices: &'a [usize],
         order_key_data_types: &'a [DataType],
         order_key_order_types: &'a [OrderType],
         order_key_indices: &'a [usize],
         input_pk_indices: &'a [usize],
     ) -> Self {
         // TODO(rc): move the calculation to executor?
-        let mut projection = Vec::with_capacity(
-            partition_key_indices.len() + order_key_indices.len() + input_pk_indices.len(),
-        );
+        let mut projection = Vec::with_capacity(order_key_indices.len() + input_pk_indices.len());
         let mut col_dedup = HashSet::new();
-        for (proj_idx, key_idx) in partition_key_indices
+        for (proj_idx, key_idx) in order_key_indices
             .iter()
-            .chain(order_key_indices.iter())
             .chain(input_pk_indices.iter())
             .enumerate()
         {
@@ -277,12 +268,11 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
             cache_policy,
 
             calls,
-            partition_key_indices,
             order_key_data_types,
             order_key_order_types,
             order_key_indices,
             input_pk_indices,
-            state_key_to_table_pk_proj: projection,
+            state_key_to_table_sub_pk_proj: projection,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
@@ -508,17 +498,17 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
 
         if self.cache_real_len() == 0 {
             // no normal entry in the cache, just load the given range
-            let table_pk_range = (
-                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.start())?),
-                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.end())?),
+            let table_sub_range = (
+                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range.start())?),
+                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range.end())?),
             );
             tracing::debug!(
                 partition=?self.this_partition_key,
-                table_pk_range=?table_pk_range,
+                table_sub_range=?table_sub_range,
                 "cache is empty, just loading the given range"
             );
             return self
-                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_pk_range)
+                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_sub_range)
                 .await;
         }
 
@@ -528,33 +518,33 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
 
         if self.cache_left_is_sentinel() && *range.start() < cache_real_first_key {
             // extend leftward only if there's smallest sentinel
-            let table_pk_range = (
-                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.start())?),
-                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(cache_real_first_key)?),
+            let table_sub_range = (
+                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range.start())?),
+                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(cache_real_first_key)?),
             );
             tracing::trace!(
                 partition=?self.this_partition_key,
-                table_pk_range=?table_pk_range,
+                table_sub_range=?table_sub_range,
                 "loading the left half of given range"
             );
             return self
-                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_pk_range)
+                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_sub_range)
                 .await;
         }
 
         if self.cache_right_is_sentinel() && *range.end() > cache_real_last_key {
             // extend rightward only if there's largest sentinel
-            let table_pk_range = (
-                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(cache_real_last_key)?),
-                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range.end())?),
+            let table_sub_range = (
+                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(cache_real_last_key)?),
+                Bound::Included(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range.end())?),
             );
             tracing::trace!(
                 partition=?self.this_partition_key,
-                table_pk_range=?table_pk_range,
+                table_sub_range=?table_sub_range,
                 "loading the right half of given range"
             );
             return self
-                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_pk_range)
+                .extend_cache_by_range_inner(table, table_sub_range)
                 .await;
         }
 
@@ -569,24 +559,18 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
     async fn extend_cache_by_range_inner(
         &mut self,
         table: &StateTable<S>,
-        table_pk_range: (Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
+        table_sub_range: (Bound<impl Row>, Bound<impl Row>),
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
-        let streams = stream::iter(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes())
-            .map(|vnode| {
-                table.iter_with_vnode(
-                    vnode,
-                    &table_pk_range,
-                    PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
-                )
-            })
-            .buffer_unordered(10)
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await?
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(Box::pin);
+        let stream = table
+            .iter_with_prefix(
+                self.this_partition_key,
+                &table_sub_range,
+                PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+            )
+            .await?;
 
         #[for_await]
-        for row in select_all(streams) {
+        for row in stream {
             let row: OwnedRow = row?.into_owned_row();
             let key = self.row_to_state_key(&row)?;
             self.range_cache.insert(CacheKey::from(key), row);
@@ -647,21 +631,20 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         let mut to_extend: VecDeque<OwnedRow> = VecDeque::with_capacity(MAGIC_BATCH_SIZE);
         {
-            let pk_range = (
-                Bound::Included(self.this_partition_key.into_owned_row()),
-                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range_to_exclusive)?),
+            let sub_range = (
+                Bound::<OwnedRow>::Unbounded,
+                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range_to_exclusive)?),
             );
-            let streams: Vec<_> =
-                futures::future::try_join_all(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    table.iter_with_vnode(vnode, &pk_range, PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter())
-                }))
-                .await?
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(Box::pin)
-                .collect();
+            let stream = table
+                .iter_with_prefix(
+                    self.this_partition_key,
+                    &sub_range,
+                    PrefetchOptions::new_for_exhaust_iter(),
+                )
+                .await?;
 
             #[for_await]
-            for row in merge_sort(streams) {
+            for row in stream {
                 let row: OwnedRow = row?.into_owned_row();
 
                 // For leftward extension, we now must iterate the table in order from the beginning
@@ -739,33 +722,22 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
     ) -> StreamExecutorResult<()> {
         let mut n_extended = 0usize;
         {
-            let pk_range = (
-                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_pk(range_from_exclusive)?),
-                // currently we can't get the first possible key after this partition, so use
-                // `Unbounded` plus manual check for workaround
+            let sub_range = (
+                Bound::Excluded(self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk(range_from_exclusive)?),
                 Bound::<OwnedRow>::Unbounded,
             );
-            let streams: Vec<_> =
-                futures::future::try_join_all(table.vnode_bitmap().iter_vnodes().map(|vnode| {
-                    table.iter_with_vnode(vnode, &pk_range, PrefetchOptions::default())
-                }))
-                .await?
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(Box::pin)
-                .collect();
+            let stream = table
+                .iter_with_prefix(
+                    self.this_partition_key,
+                    &sub_range,
+                    PrefetchOptions::default(),
+                )
+                .await?;
 
             #[for_await]
-            for row in merge_sort(streams) {
+            for row in stream {
                 let row: OwnedRow = row?.into_owned_row();
 
-                if !Row::eq(
-                    self.this_partition_key,
-                    (&row).project(self.partition_key_indices),
-                ) {
-                    // we've reached the end of this partition
-                    break;
-                }
-
                 let key = self.row_to_state_key(&row)?;
                 self.range_cache.insert(CacheKey::from(key), row);
 
@@ -784,17 +756,16 @@ impl<'a, S: StateStore> OverPartition<'a, S> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn state_key_to_table_pk(&self, key: &StateKey) -> StreamExecutorResult<OwnedRow> {
-        Ok(self
-            .this_partition_key
-            .chain(memcmp_encoding::decode_row(
-                &key.order_key,
-                self.order_key_data_types,
-                self.order_key_order_types,
-            )?)
-            .chain(key.pk.as_inner())
-            .project(&self.state_key_to_table_pk_proj)
-            .into_owned_row())
+    /// Convert [`StateKey`] to sub pk (pk without partition key) as [`OwnedRow`].
+    fn state_key_to_table_sub_pk(&self, key: &StateKey) -> StreamExecutorResult<OwnedRow> {
+        Ok(memcmp_encoding::decode_row(
+            &key.order_key,
+            self.order_key_data_types,
+            self.order_key_order_types,
+        )?
+        .chain(key.pk.as_inner())
+        .project(&self.state_key_to_table_sub_pk_proj)
+        .into_owned_row())
     }
 
     fn row_to_state_key(&self, full_row: impl Row + Copy) -> StreamExecutorResult<StateKey> {

From e66e3adc368801a291f3d09c778b01ce8e253187 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 01:20:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 371/430] fix(ci): stabilize microbenchmark (#12900)

---
 ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh | 17 +++++++++++++++
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml      | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh b/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
index 13648d1661ab2..568c90de425ca 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ set -euo pipefail
 # Make sure the added benchmark has a unique name.
 BENCHMARKS="stream_hash_agg json_parser bench_block_iter bench_compactor bench_lru_cache bench_merge_iter"
 
+# Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instancedata-data-retrieval.html
+get_instance_type() {
+  TOKEN=`curl -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600"` \
+  && curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" -v http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type
+}
+
 # cargo criterion --bench stream_hash_agg --message-format=json
 bench() {
   BENCHMARK_NAME=$1
@@ -34,6 +40,17 @@ bench() {
 }
 
 main() {
+  # FIXME(kwannoel): This is a workaround
+  # Microbenchmarks need to be namespaced by instance types,
+  # the result upload endpoint needs to be parameterized by instance type as well to support this.
+  echo "--- Getting aws instance type"
+  local instance_type=$(get_instance_type)
+  echo "instance_type: $instance_type"
+  if [[ $instance_type != "m6i.4xlarge" ]]; then
+    echo "Only m6i.4xlarge is supported, skipping microbenchmark"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+
   # We need cargo criterion to generate machine-readable benchmark results from
   # microbench.
   echo "--- Installing cargo criterion"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 367aaee3730e0..364455d045668 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -529,4 +529,35 @@ steps:
     if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/skip-ci" && !build.pull_request.draft
     commands:
       - echo "ci/skip-ci is only usable for draft Pull Requests"
-      - exit 1
\ No newline at end of file
+      - exit 1
+
+  - label: "micro benchmark"
+    command: "ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh"
+    key: "run-micro-benchmarks"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-micro-benchmarks"
+    plugins:
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+    timeout_in_minutes: 60
+    retry: *auto-retry
+
+  - label: "upload micro-benchmark"
+    if: build.pull_request.labels includes "ci/run-upload-micro-benchmark"
+    command:
+      - "BUILDKITE_BUILD_NUMBER=$BUILDKITE_BUILD_NUMBER ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh"
+    depends_on: "run-micro-benchmarks"
+    plugins:
+      - seek-oss/aws-sm#v2.3.1:
+          env:
+            BUILDKITE_TOKEN: buildkite_token
+            GITHUB_TOKEN: github-token
+      - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
+          run: rw-build-env
+          config: ci/docker-compose.yml
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - BUILDKITE_TOKEN
+            - GITHUB_TOKEN
+    timeout_in_minutes: 5

From 9c7a50b5fc0f57620ecec7eb0919944018d9a3f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 10:22:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 372/430] chore(deps): Bump serde_with from 3.3.0 to 3.4.0
 (#12925)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 838818dc0013c..19854624d08ba 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3883,7 +3883,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_bytes",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "tokio",
  "toml 0.7.8",
  "url",
@@ -4519,7 +4519,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "madsim",
  "serde",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "spin 0.9.8",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
@@ -6844,7 +6844,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reqwest",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "serde_yaml",
  "tempfile",
  "tracing",
@@ -7089,7 +7089,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_bytes",
  "serde_default",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "smallbitset",
  "speedate",
  "static_assertions",
@@ -7318,7 +7318,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "simd-json",
  "strum 0.25.0",
  "strum_macros 0.25.2",
@@ -7769,7 +7769,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_frontend",
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
  "serde",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "serde_yaml",
  "tempfile",
  "walkdir",
@@ -7939,7 +7939,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tokio",
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
  "serde",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "serde_yaml",
  "walkdir",
  "workspace-hack",
@@ -7984,7 +7984,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "risingwave_rt",
  "serde",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "tokio-postgres",
  "tokio-stream",
  "toml 0.8.2",
@@ -8826,9 +8826,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "3.3.0"
+version = "3.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ca3b16a3d82c4088f343b7480a93550b3eabe1a358569c2dfe38bbcead07237"
+checksum = "64cd236ccc1b7a29e7e2739f27c0b2dd199804abc4290e32f59f3b68d6405c23"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.21.4",
  "chrono",
@@ -8837,7 +8837,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with_macros 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with_macros 3.4.0",
  "time",
 ]
 
@@ -8855,9 +8855,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "3.3.0"
+version = "3.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e6be15c453eb305019bfa438b1593c731f36a289a7853f7707ee29e870b3b3c"
+checksum = "93634eb5f75a2323b16de4748022ac4297f9e76b6dced2be287a099f41b5e788"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.3",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -10999,7 +10999,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sea-query-binder",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "serde_with 3.3.0",
+ "serde_with 3.4.0",
  "sha1",
  "sha2",
  "signature",

From 4b4afc879c607b188e23596bbe31684ea664d6a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rossil <40714231+Rossil2012@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 13:32:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 373/430] fix(connector): offset miscounting in nd_streaming
 (#12866)

---
 e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py                   |   5 +-
 .../src/source/filesystem/nd_streaming.rs     | 215 +++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py b/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
index 7ac5d91ad4bd7..a687c9be19c9d 100644
--- a/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
+++ b/e2e_test/s3/fs_source_v2.py
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ def format_csv(data, with_header):
             writer.writeheader()
         for item_data in file_data:
             writer.writerow(item_data)
-        # For now paser can only handle \n line seperator,
-        # and tailing white spaces are not allowed.
-        # TODO: remove replace and rstrip later
-        csv_files.append(ostream.getvalue().replace('\r', '').rstrip())
+        csv_files.append(ostream.getvalue())
     return csv_files
 
 def do_test(config, file_num, item_num_per_file, prefix, fmt):
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/nd_streaming.rs b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/nd_streaming.rs
index e1f5e88eda01e..5574063ffc855 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/nd_streaming.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/filesystem/nd_streaming.rs
@@ -12,25 +12,24 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::io::BufRead;
-
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use bytes::BytesMut;
+use futures::io::Cursor;
+use futures::AsyncBufReadExt;
 use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 
 use crate::source::{BoxSourceStream, SourceMessage};
 
 #[try_stream(boxed, ok = Vec<SourceMessage>, error = anyhow::Error)]
-/// This function splits a byte stream by the newline character '\n' into a message stream.
+/// This function splits a byte stream by the newline separator "(\r)\n" into a message stream.
 /// It can be difficult to split and compute offsets correctly when the bytes are received in
 /// chunks.  There are two cases to consider:
-/// - When a bytes chunk does not end with '\n', we should not treat the last segment as a new line
-///   message, but keep it for the next chunk, and insert it before next chunk's first line
-///   beginning.
-/// - When a bytes chunk ends with '\n', there is no additional action required.
+/// - When a bytes chunk does not end with "(\r)\n", we should not treat the last segment as a new line
+///   message, but keep it for the next chunk, and prepend it to the first line of the next chunk.
+/// - When a bytes chunk ends with "(\r)\n", there is no additional action required.
 pub async fn split_stream(data_stream: BoxSourceStream) {
-    let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
-
     let mut last_message = None;
+
     #[for_await]
     for batch in data_stream {
         let batch = batch?;
@@ -46,54 +45,70 @@ pub async fn split_stream(data_stream: BoxSourceStream) {
             .unwrap();
 
         let mut offset: usize = offset.parse()?;
-
-        // Never panic because we check batch is not empty
-        let last_item = batch.last().unwrap();
-        let end_offset: usize = last_item.offset.parse::<usize>().unwrap()
-            + last_item
-                .payload
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|p| p.len())
-                .unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
         for msg in batch {
             let payload = msg.payload.unwrap_or_default();
             buf.extend(payload);
         }
         let mut msgs = Vec::new();
-        for (i, line) in buf.lines().enumerate() {
-            let mut line = line?;
-
-            // Insert the trailing of the last chunk in front of the first line, do not count
-            // the length here.
-            if i == 0 && last_message.is_some() {
-                let msg: SourceMessage = std::mem::take(&mut last_message).unwrap();
-                let last_payload = msg.payload.unwrap();
-                offset -= last_payload.len();
-                line = String::from_utf8(last_payload).unwrap() + &line;
-            }
-            let len = line.as_bytes().len();
-
-            msgs.push(SourceMessage {
-                key: None,
-                payload: Some(line.into()),
-                offset: (offset + len).to_string(),
-                split_id: split_id.clone(),
-                meta: meta.clone(),
-            });
-            offset += len;
-            offset += 1;
-        }
 
-        if offset > end_offset {
-            last_message = msgs.pop();
-        }
+        let mut cursor = Cursor::new(buf.freeze());
+        let mut line_cnt: usize = 0;
+        loop {
+            let mut line = String::new();
+            match cursor.read_line(&mut line).await {
+                Ok(0) => {
+                    if !msgs.is_empty() {
+                        yield msgs;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                Ok(_n) => {
+                    if line_cnt == 0 && last_message.is_some() {
+                        let msg: SourceMessage = std::mem::take(&mut last_message).unwrap();
+                        let last_payload = msg.payload.unwrap();
+                        offset -= last_payload.len();
+                        line.insert_str(0, &String::from_utf8(last_payload).unwrap());
+                    }
+
+                    let mut separator = String::with_capacity(2);
+                    for delim in ['\n', '\r'] {
+                        if line.ends_with(delim) {
+                            separator.insert(0, line.pop().unwrap());
+                        } else {
+                            // If the data is batched as "XXXX\r" and "\nXXXX",
+                            // the line will be "XXXX\r" here because the cursor reaches EOF.
+                            // Hence we should break the delim loop here,
+                            // otherwise the \r would be treated as separator even without \n.
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    let len = line.len();
+
+                    offset += len + separator.len();
+                    let msg = SourceMessage {
+                        key: None,
+                        payload: Some(line.into()),
+                        offset: offset.to_string(),
+                        split_id: split_id.clone(),
+                        meta: meta.clone(),
+                    };
 
-        if !msgs.is_empty() {
-            yield msgs;
-        }
+                    msgs.push(msg);
 
-        buf.clear();
+                    if separator.is_empty() {
+                        // Not ending with \n, prepend to the first line of the next batch
+                        last_message = msgs.pop();
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => return Err(anyhow!(e)),
+            }
+
+            line_cnt += 1;
+        }
     }
+
     if let Some(msg) = last_message {
         yield vec![msg];
     }
@@ -109,40 +124,74 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_split_stream() {
-        const N1: usize = 10000;
-        const N2: usize = 500;
-        const N3: usize = 50;
-        let lines = (0..N1)
-            .map(|x| (0..x % N2).map(|_| 'A').collect::<String>())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let total_chars = lines.iter().map(|e| e.len()).sum::<usize>();
-        let text = lines.join("\n").into_bytes();
-        let split_id: Arc<str> = "1".to_string().into_boxed_str().into();
-        let s = text
-            .chunks(N2)
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(move |(i, e)| {
-                Ok(e.chunks(N3)
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .map(|(j, buf)| SourceMessage {
-                        key: None,
-                        payload: Some(buf.to_owned()),
-                        offset: (i * N2 + j * N3).to_string(),
-                        split_id: split_id.clone(),
-                        meta: crate::source::SourceMeta::Empty,
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>())
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let stream = futures::stream::iter(s).boxed();
-        let msg_stream = split_stream(stream).try_collect::<Vec<_>>().await.unwrap();
-        let items = msg_stream
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .map(|e| String::from_utf8(e.payload.unwrap()).unwrap())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        assert_eq!(items.len(), N1);
-        let text = items.join("");
-        assert_eq!(text.len(), total_chars);
+        // Test with tail separators.
+        for tail_separator in ["", "\n", "\r\n"] {
+            const N1: usize = 10000;
+            const N2: usize = 500;
+            const N3: usize = 50;
+            let lines = (0..N1)
+                .map(|x| (0..x % N2).map(|_| 'A').collect::<String>())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let total_chars = lines.iter().map(|e| e.len()).sum::<usize>();
+            // Join lines with \n & \r\n alternately
+            let delims = ["\n", "\r\n"];
+            let text = lines
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .skip(1)
+                .fold(lines[0].clone(), |acc, (idx, now)| {
+                    format!("{}{}{}", acc, delims[idx % 2], now)
+                })
+                + tail_separator;
+            let text = text.into_bytes();
+            let split_id: Arc<str> = "1".to_string().into_boxed_str().into();
+            let s = text
+                .chunks(N2)
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(move |(i, e)| {
+                    Ok(e.chunks(N3)
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(j, buf)| SourceMessage {
+                            key: None,
+                            payload: Some(buf.to_owned()),
+                            offset: (i * N2 + j * N3).to_string(),
+                            split_id: split_id.clone(),
+                            meta: crate::source::SourceMeta::Empty,
+                        })
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>())
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let stream = futures::stream::iter(s).boxed();
+            let msg_stream = split_stream(stream).try_collect::<Vec<_>>().await.unwrap();
+            // Check the correctness of each line's offset
+            let mut expected_offset: usize = 0;
+            msg_stream
+                .iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .enumerate()
+                .for_each(|(idx, msg)| {
+                    expected_offset += lines[idx].len()
+                        + if idx < lines.len() - 1 {
+                            delims[1 - idx % 2].len()
+                        } else {
+                            tail_separator.len()
+                        };
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        msg.offset.parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
+                        expected_offset,
+                        "idx = {}, tail_separator = {:?}",
+                        idx,
+                        tail_separator
+                    );
+                });
+            let items = msg_stream
+                .into_iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .map(|e| String::from_utf8(e.payload.unwrap()).unwrap())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            assert_eq!(items.len(), N1);
+            let text = items.join("");
+            assert_eq!(text.len(), total_chars);
+        }
     }
 }

From 01ed55b0a9219d7c3543b7aec29d1484ebfcf0c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: congyi wang <58715567+wcy-fdu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 14:37:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 374/430] feat(s3): ban new cluster startup if s3 bucket has
 retention configured (#12806)

---
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs |  7 ++++++-
 src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs   | 14 ++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index f644db74714f7..24f1f29775353 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -353,7 +353,12 @@ impl HummockManager {
             if let risingwave_object_store::object::ObjectStoreImpl::S3(s3) = object_store.as_ref()
                 && !env.opts.do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle
             {
-                s3.inner().configure_bucket_lifecycle().await;
+                let is_bucket_expiration_configured = s3.inner().configure_bucket_lifecycle().await;
+                if is_bucket_expiration_configured{
+                    return Err(ObjectError::internal("Cluster cannot start with object expiration configured for bucket because RisingWave data will be lost when object expiration kicks in.
+                    Please disable object expiration and restart the cluster.")
+                    .into());
+                }
             }
         }
         let checkpoint_path = version_checkpoint_path(state_store_dir);
diff --git a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
index a53f1a6825281..69e7f3687fdeb 100644
--- a/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
+++ b/src/object_store/src/object/s3.rs
@@ -671,7 +671,6 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
         range: impl ObjectRangeBounds,
     ) -> GetObjectFluentBuilder {
         let req = self.client.get_object().bucket(&self.bucket).key(path);
-
         if range.is_full() {
             return req;
         }
@@ -697,7 +696,7 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
     ///   - <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/mpu-abort-incomplete-mpu-lifecycle-config.html>
     /// - MinIO
     ///   - <https://github.com/minio/minio/issues/15681#issuecomment-1245126561>
-    pub async fn configure_bucket_lifecycle(&self) {
+    pub async fn configure_bucket_lifecycle(&self) -> bool {
         // Check if lifecycle is already configured to avoid overriding existing configuration.
         let bucket = self.bucket.as_str();
         let mut configured_rules = vec![];
@@ -707,8 +706,12 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
             .bucket(bucket)
             .send()
             .await;
+        let mut is_expiration_configured = false;
         if let Ok(config) = &get_config_result {
             for rule in config.rules().unwrap_or_default() {
+                if rule.expiration().is_some() {
+                    is_expiration_configured = true;
+                }
                 if matches!(rule.status().unwrap(), ExpirationStatus::Enabled)
                     && rule.abort_incomplete_multipart_upload().is_some()
                 {
@@ -755,6 +758,13 @@ impl S3ObjectStore {
                 tracing::warn!("Failed to configure life cycle rule for S3 bucket: {:?}. It is recommended to configure it manually to avoid unnecessary storage cost.", bucket);
             }
         }
+        if is_expiration_configured {
+            tracing::info!(
+                "S3 bucket {} has already configured the expiration for the lifecycle.",
+                bucket,
+            );
+        }
+        is_expiration_configured
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]

From b782185a30b2ff6d7ac7a45045d85a4c60cf5dad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 15:19:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 375/430] refactor(meta): adapt ValTransaction to metadata
 model v2 (#12918)

Co-authored-by: William Wen <william123.wen@gmail.com>
---
 .../manager/compaction_group_manager.rs       |  18 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                           |   1 +
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs           |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs               |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs      |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/system_param/model.rs    |   9 +-
 src/meta/src/model/mod.rs                     | 132 +++++----
 src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/hummock.rs          |  61 ++++
 src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/mod.rs              |  16 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |   2 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/trx.rs                  | 276 ++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 453 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/hummock.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/trx.rs

diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
index fbdfb66f4b0b8..f3853c8d08df5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction_group_manager.rs
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         assert!(sst_split_info.is_empty());
 
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         self.env.meta_store().txn(trx).await?;
         versioning.current_version = current_version;
         new_version_delta.commit();
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         assert!(sst_split_info.is_empty());
 
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         self.env.meta_store().txn(trx).await?;
         for group_id in &groups_to_remove {
             let max_level = versioning
@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let mut current_version = versioning.current_version.clone();
         let sst_split_info = current_version.apply_version_delta(&new_version_delta);
 
-        let mut branched_ssts = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut versioning.branched_ssts);
+        let mut branched_ssts = BTreeMapTransaction::<'_, _, _>::new(&mut versioning.branched_ssts);
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        new_version_delta.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         if let Some((new_compaction_group_id, config)) = new_group {
             let mut compaction_group_manager = self.compaction_group_manager.write().await;
             let insert = BTreeMapEntryTransaction::new_insert(
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
                     compaction_config: Arc::new(config),
                 },
             );
-            insert.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+            insert.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
             self.env.meta_store().txn(trx).await?;
             insert.commit();
         } else {
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
             compaction_groups.insert(*id, new_entry);
         }
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         meta_store.txn(trx).await?;
         compaction_groups.commit();
         let r = compaction_group_ids
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
         }
 
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         meta_store.txn(trx).await?;
         compaction_groups.commit();
         Ok(result)
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
             },
         );
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        insert.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        insert.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         meta_store.txn(trx).await?;
         insert.commit();
         Ok(())
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ impl CompactionGroupManager {
             compaction_groups.remove(group);
         }
         let mut trx = Transaction::default();
-        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+        compaction_groups.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
         meta_store.txn(trx).await?;
         compaction_groups.commit();
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 24f1f29775353..3a99dd898d1c9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ macro_rules! commit_multi_var {
                 let mut trx = $trx_extern_part;
                 // Apply the change in `ValTransaction` to trx
                 $(
-                    $val_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut trx)?;
+                    $val_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut trx).await?;
                 )*
                 // Commit to state store
                 $hummock_mgr.commit_trx($hummock_mgr.env.meta_store(), trx, $context_id)
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
             .id_gen_manager()
             .generate_interval::<{ IdCategory::HummockSstableId }>(new_sst_id_number as u64)
             .await?;
-        let mut branched_ssts = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut versioning.branched_ssts);
+        let mut branched_ssts = BTreeMapTransaction::<'_, _, _>::new(&mut versioning.branched_ssts);
         let original_sstables = std::mem::take(&mut sstables);
         sstables.reserve_exact(original_sstables.len() - incorrect_ssts.len() + new_sst_id_number);
         let mut incorrect_ssts = incorrect_ssts.into_iter();
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index 7a147274a8d2f..a5c52d5e3e0f3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(type_name_of_val)]
+#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 
 pub mod backup_restore;
 mod barrier;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index 1c8f0c2f397c0..e1c13c315a377 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ macro_rules! commit_meta_with_trx {
             async {
                 // Apply the change in `ValTransaction` to trx
                 $(
-                    $val_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut $trx)?;
+                    $val_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut $trx).await?;
                 )*
                 // Commit to meta store
                 $manager.env.meta_store().txn($trx).await?;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
index 925eeb45a9f0c..a31979c8871b0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/cluster.rs
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl ClusterManager {
                             .unwrap()
                             .is_unschedulable = target;
 
-                        var_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn)?;
+                        var_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await?;
                         var_txns.push(var_txn);
                     }
                 }
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ impl ClusterManagerCore {
                     worker_id
                 );
 
-                var_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn)?;
+                var_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await?;
                 var_txns.push(var_txn);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
index cdedad61d8d71..eb24e0db0f340 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/mod.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl SystemParamsManager {
         set_system_param(mem_txn.deref_mut(), name, value).map_err(MetaError::system_param)?;
 
         let mut store_txn = Transaction::default();
-        mem_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut store_txn)?;
+        mem_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut store_txn).await?;
         self.meta_store.txn(store_txn).await?;
 
         mem_txn.commit();
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/model.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/model.rs
index bed4f3d86e8a4..d486d6a5d74c6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/model.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/system_param/model.rs
@@ -67,20 +67,21 @@ impl SystemParamsModel for SystemParams {
         S: MetaStore,
     {
         let mut txn = Transaction::default();
-        self.upsert_in_transaction(&mut txn)?;
+        self.upsert_in_transaction(&mut txn).await?;
         Ok(store.txn(txn).await?)
     }
 }
 
-impl Transactional for SystemParams {
-    fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+#[async_trait]
+impl Transactional<Transaction> for SystemParams {
+    async fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         for (k, v) in system_params_to_kv(self).map_err(MetadataModelError::internal)? {
             trx.put(Self::cf_name(), k.into_bytes(), v.into_bytes());
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn delete_in_transaction(&self, _trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn delete_in_transaction(&self, _trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         unreachable!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model/mod.rs
index bb07e7e7b6cf1..f1fe0285d9ae8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ mod user;
 use std::collections::btree_map::{Entry, VacantEntry};
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -48,9 +49,10 @@ pub type DispatcherId = u64;
 /// A global, unique identifier of a fragment
 pub type FragmentId = u32;
 
-pub trait Transactional {
-    fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
-    fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait Transactional<TXN> {
+    async fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
+    async fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
 }
 
 mod private {
@@ -203,11 +205,12 @@ for_all_metadata_models!(impl_metadata_model_marker);
 
 /// `Transactional` defines operations supported in a transaction.
 /// Read operations can be supported if necessary.
-impl<T> Transactional for T
+#[async_trait]
+impl<T> Transactional<Transaction> for T
 where
-    T: MetadataModel,
+    T: MetadataModel + Sync,
 {
-    fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         trx.put(
             Self::cf_name(),
             self.key()?.encode_to_vec(),
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         trx.delete(Self::cf_name(), self.key()?.encode_to_vec());
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -225,11 +228,12 @@ where
 /// Trait that wraps a local memory value and applies the change to the local memory value on
 /// `commit` or leaves the local memory value untouched on `abort`.
 pub trait ValTransaction: Sized {
+    type TXN;
     /// Commit the change to local memory value
     fn commit(self);
 
     /// Apply the change (upsert or delete) to `txn`
-    fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
+    async fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Self::TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()>;
 
     /// Abort the `VarTransaction` and leave the local memory value untouched
     fn abort(self) {
@@ -243,26 +247,28 @@ pub trait ValTransaction: Sized {
 /// When `commit` is called, the change to `new_value` will be applied to the `orig_value_ref`
 /// When `abort` is called, the `VarTransaction` is dropped and the local memory value is
 /// untouched.
-pub struct VarTransaction<'a, T: Transactional> {
+pub struct VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T: Transactional<TXN>> {
     orig_value_ref: &'a mut T,
     new_value: Option<T>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<TXN>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> VarTransaction<'a, T>
+impl<'a, TXN, T> VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T>
 where
-    T: Transactional,
+    T: Transactional<TXN>,
 {
     /// Create a `VarTransaction` that wraps a raw variable
-    pub fn new(val_ref: &'a mut T) -> VarTransaction<'a, T> {
+    pub fn new(val_ref: &'a mut T) -> VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T> {
         VarTransaction {
             // lazy initialization
             new_value: None,
             orig_value_ref: val_ref,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T: Transactional> Deref for VarTransaction<'a, T> {
+impl<'a, TXN, T: Transactional<TXN>> Deref for VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T> {
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -273,9 +279,9 @@ impl<'a, T: Transactional> Deref for VarTransaction<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> DerefMut for VarTransaction<'a, T>
+impl<'a, TXN, T> DerefMut for VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T>
 where
-    T: Clone + Transactional,
+    T: Clone + Transactional<TXN>,
 {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
         if self.new_value.is_none() {
@@ -285,21 +291,23 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> ValTransaction for VarTransaction<'a, T>
+impl<'a, TXN, T> ValTransaction for VarTransaction<'a, TXN, T>
 where
-    T: Transactional + PartialEq,
+    T: Transactional<TXN> + PartialEq,
 {
+    type TXN = TXN;
+
     fn commit(self) {
         if let Some(new_value) = self.new_value {
             *self.orig_value_ref = new_value;
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Self::TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         if let Some(new_value) = &self.new_value {
             // Apply the change to `txn` only when the value is modified
             if *self.orig_value_ref != *new_value {
-                new_value.upsert_in_transaction(txn)
+                new_value.upsert_in_transaction(txn).await
             } else {
                 Ok(())
             }
@@ -418,25 +426,27 @@ enum BTreeMapOp<V> {
 /// are stored in `staging`. On `commit`, it will apply the changes stored in `staging` to the in
 /// memory btree map. When serve `get` and `get_mut`, it merges the value stored in `staging` and
 /// `tree_ref`.
-pub struct BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K: Ord, V> {
+pub struct BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K: Ord, V, TXN = Transaction> {
     /// A reference to the original `BTreeMap`. All access to this field should be immutable,
     /// except when we commit the staging changes to the original map.
     tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>,
     /// Store all the staging changes that will be applied to the original map on commit
     staging: BTreeMap<K, BTreeMapOp<V>>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<TXN>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V> {
-    pub fn new(tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>) -> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone, TXN> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
+    pub fn new(tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>) -> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
         Self {
             tree_ref,
             staging: BTreeMap::default(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
     /// Start a `BTreeMapEntryTransaction` when the `key` exists
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new_entry_txn(&mut self, key: K) -> Option<BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V>> {
+    pub fn new_entry_txn(&mut self, key: K) -> Option<BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V, TXN>> {
         BTreeMapEntryTransaction::new(self.tree_ref, key, None)
     }
 
@@ -447,13 +457,17 @@ impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V> {
         &mut self,
         key: K,
         default_val: V,
-    ) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V> {
+    ) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V, TXN> {
         BTreeMapEntryTransaction::new(self.tree_ref, key, Some(default_val))
             .expect("default value is provided and should return `Some`")
     }
 
     /// Start a `BTreeMapEntryTransaction` that inserts the `val` into `key`.
-    pub fn new_entry_insert_txn(&mut self, key: K, val: V) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V> {
+    pub fn new_entry_insert_txn(
+        &mut self,
+        key: K,
+        val: V,
+    ) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'_, K, V, TXN> {
         BTreeMapEntryTransaction::new_insert(self.tree_ref, key, val)
     }
 
@@ -549,21 +563,23 @@ impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Transactional + Clone> ValTransaction
-    for BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V>
+impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Transactional<TXN> + Clone, TXN> ValTransaction
+    for BTreeMapTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN>
 {
+    type TXN = TXN;
+
     fn commit(self) {
         self.commit_memory();
     }
 
-    fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Self::TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         // Add the staging operation to txn
         for (k, op) in &self.staging {
             match op {
-                BTreeMapOp::Insert(v) => v.upsert_in_transaction(txn)?,
+                BTreeMapOp::Insert(v) => v.upsert_in_transaction(txn).await?,
                 BTreeMapOp::Delete => {
                     if let Some(v) = self.tree_ref.get(k) {
-                        v.delete_in_transaction(txn)?;
+                        v.delete_in_transaction(txn).await?;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -573,24 +589,26 @@ impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Transactional + Clone> ValTransaction
 }
 
 /// Transaction wrapper for a `BTreeMap` entry value of given `key`
-pub struct BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+pub struct BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
     tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>,
     pub key: K,
     pub new_value: V,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<TXN>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone, TXN> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
     /// Create a `ValTransaction` that wraps a `BTreeMap` entry of the given `key`.
     /// If the tree does not contain `key`, the `default_val` will be used as the initial value
     pub fn new_insert(
         tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>,
         key: K,
         value: V,
-    ) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+    ) -> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
         BTreeMapEntryTransaction {
             new_value: value,
             tree_ref,
             key,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -604,7 +622,7 @@ impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
         tree_ref: &'a mut BTreeMap<K, V>,
         key: K,
         default_val: Option<V>,
-    ) -> Option<BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V>> {
+    ) -> Option<BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN>> {
         tree_ref
             .get(&key)
             .cloned()
@@ -613,11 +631,12 @@ impl<'a, K: Ord + Debug, V: Clone> BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
                 new_value: orig_value,
                 tree_ref,
                 key,
+                _phantom: PhantomData,
             })
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, K, V> Deref for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+impl<'a, K, V, TXN> Deref for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
     type Target = V;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -625,24 +644,26 @@ impl<'a, K, V> Deref for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, K, V> DerefMut for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V> {
+impl<'a, K, V, TXN> DerefMut for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN> {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
         &mut self.new_value
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, K: Ord, V: PartialEq + Transactional> ValTransaction
-    for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V>
+impl<'a, K: Ord, V: PartialEq + Transactional<TXN>, TXN> ValTransaction
+    for BTreeMapEntryTransaction<'a, K, V, TXN>
 {
+    type TXN = TXN;
+
     fn commit(self) {
         self.tree_ref.insert(self.key, self.new_value);
     }
 
-    fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    async fn apply_to_txn(&self, txn: &mut Self::TXN) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         if !self.tree_ref.contains_key(&self.key)
             || *self.tree_ref.get(&self.key).unwrap() != self.new_value
         {
-            self.new_value.upsert_in_transaction(txn)?
+            self.new_value.upsert_in_transaction(txn).await?
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -661,8 +682,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     const TEST_CF: &str = "test-cf";
 
-    impl Transactional for TestTransactional {
-        fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Transactional<Transaction> for TestTransactional {
+        async fn upsert_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
             trx.put(
                 TEST_CF.to_string(),
                 self.key.as_bytes().into(),
@@ -671,14 +693,14 @@ mod tests {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+        async fn delete_in_transaction(&self, trx: &mut Transaction) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
             trx.delete(TEST_CF.to_string(), self.key.as_bytes().into());
             Ok(())
         }
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_simple_var_transaction_commit() {
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_simple_var_transaction_commit() {
         let mut kv = TestTransactional {
             key: "key",
             value: "original",
@@ -687,7 +709,7 @@ mod tests {
         num_txn.value = "modified";
         assert_eq!(num_txn.value, "modified");
         let mut txn = Transaction::default();
-        num_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).unwrap();
+        num_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
         let txn_op = txn.get_operations();
         assert_eq!(1, txn_op.len());
         assert!(matches!(
@@ -717,8 +739,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!("original", kv.value);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tree_map_transaction_commit() {
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_transaction_commit() {
         let mut map: BTreeMap<String, TestTransactional> = BTreeMap::new();
         map.insert(
             "to-remove".to_string(),
@@ -800,7 +822,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let mut txn = Transaction::default();
-        map_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).unwrap();
+        map_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
         let txn_ops = txn.get_operations();
         assert_eq!(5, txn_ops.len());
         for op in txn_ops {
@@ -860,8 +882,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(map_copy, map);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tree_map_entry_update_transaction_commit() {
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_entry_update_transaction_commit() {
         let mut map: BTreeMap<String, TestTransactional> = BTreeMap::new();
         map.insert(
             "first".to_string(),
@@ -875,7 +897,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut first_entry_txn = map_txn.new_entry_txn("first".to_string()).unwrap();
         first_entry_txn.value = "first-value";
         let mut txn = Transaction::default();
-        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
         let txn_ops = txn.get_operations();
         assert_eq!(1, txn_ops.len());
         assert!(
@@ -885,8 +907,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!("first-value", map.get("first").unwrap().value);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tree_map_entry_insert_transaction_commit() {
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_entry_insert_transaction_commit() {
         let mut map: BTreeMap<String, TestTransactional> = BTreeMap::new();
 
         let mut map_txn = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut map);
@@ -898,7 +920,7 @@ mod tests {
             },
         );
         let mut txn = Transaction::default();
-        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
         let txn_ops = txn.get_operations();
         assert_eq!(1, txn_ops.len());
         assert!(
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/hummock.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/hummock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..77111e2e7d202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/hummock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockPinnedVersion;
+use sea_orm::sea_query::OnConflict;
+use sea_orm::ActiveValue::{Set, Unchanged};
+use sea_orm::EntityTrait;
+
+use crate::model::{MetadataModelResult, Transactional};
+use crate::model_v2::hummock_pinned_version;
+use crate::model_v2::trx::Transaction;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl Transactional<Transaction> for HummockPinnedVersion {
+    async fn upsert_in_transaction(
+        &self,
+        trx: &mut crate::model_v2::trx::Transaction,
+    ) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+        // TODO: error type conversion
+        // TODO: integer type conversion
+        let m = hummock_pinned_version::ActiveModel {
+            context_id: Unchanged(self.context_id.try_into().unwrap()),
+            min_pinned_id: Set(self.min_pinned_id.try_into().unwrap()),
+        };
+        hummock_pinned_version::Entity::insert(m)
+            .on_conflict(
+                OnConflict::column(hummock_pinned_version::Column::ContextId)
+                    .update_columns([hummock_pinned_version::Column::MinPinnedId])
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .exec(trx)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_in_transaction(
+        &self,
+        trx: &mut crate::model_v2::trx::Transaction,
+    ) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+        // TODO: error type conversion
+        // TODO: integer type conversion
+        let id: i32 = self.context_id.try_into().unwrap();
+        hummock_pinned_version::Entity::delete_by_id(id)
+            .exec(trx)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..47a5ce8623dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/ext/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod hummock;
+pub use hummock::*;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
index dfc4dc43fc3f1..6370271551e88 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub mod connection;
 pub mod database;
 pub mod election_leader;
 pub mod election_member;
+pub mod ext;
 pub mod fragment;
 pub mod function;
 pub mod hummock_pinned_snapshot;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ pub mod sink;
 pub mod source;
 pub mod system_parameter;
 pub mod table;
+pub mod trx;
 pub mod user;
 pub mod user_privilege;
 pub mod view;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/trx.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/trx.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4bfe6d0261de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/trx.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub type Transaction = sea_orm::DatabaseTransaction;
+
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::HummockPinnedVersion;
+    use sea_orm::{EntityTrait, TransactionTrait};
+
+    use crate::controller::SqlMetaStore;
+    use crate::model::{BTreeMapTransaction, ValTransaction, VarTransaction};
+    use crate::model_v2::hummock_pinned_version::Model as HummockPinnedVersionModel;
+    use crate::model_v2::prelude::HummockPinnedVersion as HummockPinnedVersionEntity;
+    use crate::model_v2::trx::Transaction;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_simple_var_transaction_commit() {
+        let store = SqlMetaStore::for_test().await;
+        let db = &store.conn;
+        let mut kv = HummockPinnedVersion {
+            context_id: 1,
+            min_pinned_id: 2,
+        };
+        let mut num_txn = VarTransaction::<'_, Transaction, _>::new(&mut kv);
+        num_txn.min_pinned_id = 3;
+        assert_eq!(num_txn.min_pinned_id, 3);
+        let mut txn = db.begin().await.unwrap();
+        num_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
+        txn.commit().await.unwrap();
+        let db_val = HummockPinnedVersionEntity::find_by_id(1)
+            .one(db)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(db_val.min_pinned_id, 3);
+        num_txn.commit();
+        assert_eq!(kv.min_pinned_id, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_simple_var_transaction_abort() {
+        let mut kv = HummockPinnedVersion {
+            context_id: 1,
+            min_pinned_id: 11,
+        };
+        let mut num_txn = VarTransaction::<'_, Transaction, _>::new(&mut kv);
+        num_txn.min_pinned_id = 2;
+        num_txn.abort();
+        assert_eq!(11, kv.min_pinned_id);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_transaction_commit() {
+        let mut map: BTreeMap<u32, HummockPinnedVersion> = BTreeMap::new();
+        // to remove
+        map.insert(
+            1,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 1,
+                min_pinned_id: 11,
+            },
+        );
+        // to-remove-after-modify
+        map.insert(
+            2,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 2,
+                min_pinned_id: 22,
+            },
+        );
+        // first
+        map.insert(
+            3,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 3,
+                min_pinned_id: 33,
+            },
+        );
+
+        let mut map_copy = map.clone();
+        let mut map_txn = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut map);
+        map_txn.remove(1);
+        map_txn.insert(
+            2,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 2,
+                min_pinned_id: 0,
+            },
+        );
+        map_txn.remove(2);
+        // first
+        map_txn.insert(
+            3,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 3,
+                min_pinned_id: 333,
+            },
+        );
+        // second
+        map_txn.insert(
+            4,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 4,
+                min_pinned_id: 44,
+            },
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 4,
+                min_pinned_id: 44
+            },
+            map_txn.get(&4).unwrap()
+        );
+        // third
+        map_txn.insert(
+            5,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 5,
+                min_pinned_id: 55,
+            },
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 5,
+                min_pinned_id: 55
+            },
+            map_txn.get(&5).unwrap()
+        );
+
+        let mut third_entry = map_txn.get_mut(5).unwrap();
+        third_entry.min_pinned_id = 555;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 5,
+                min_pinned_id: 555
+            },
+            map_txn.get(&5).unwrap()
+        );
+
+        let store = SqlMetaStore::for_test().await;
+        let db = &store.conn;
+        let mut txn = db.begin().await.unwrap();
+        map_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
+        txn.commit().await.unwrap();
+
+        let db_rows: Vec<HummockPinnedVersionModel> =
+            HummockPinnedVersionEntity::find().all(db).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(db_rows.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(
+            1,
+            db_rows
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|m| m.context_id == 3 && m.min_pinned_id == 333)
+                .count()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            1,
+            db_rows
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|m| m.context_id == 4 && m.min_pinned_id == 44)
+                .count()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            1,
+            db_rows
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|m| m.context_id == 5 && m.min_pinned_id == 555)
+                .count()
+        );
+        map_txn.commit();
+
+        // replay the change to local copy and compare
+        map_copy.remove(&1).unwrap();
+        map_copy.insert(
+            2,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 2,
+                min_pinned_id: 22,
+            },
+        );
+        map_copy.remove(&2).unwrap();
+        map_copy.insert(
+            3,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 3,
+                min_pinned_id: 333,
+            },
+        );
+        map_copy.insert(
+            4,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 4,
+                min_pinned_id: 44,
+            },
+        );
+        map_copy.insert(
+            5,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 5,
+                min_pinned_id: 555,
+            },
+        );
+        assert_eq!(map_copy, map);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_entry_update_transaction_commit() {
+        let mut map: BTreeMap<u32, HummockPinnedVersion> = BTreeMap::new();
+        map.insert(
+            1,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 1,
+                min_pinned_id: 11,
+            },
+        );
+
+        let mut map_txn = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut map);
+        let mut first_entry_txn = map_txn.new_entry_txn(1).unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.min_pinned_id = 111;
+
+        let store = SqlMetaStore::for_test().await;
+        let db = &store.conn;
+        let mut txn = db.begin().await.unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
+        txn.commit().await.unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.commit();
+
+        let db_rows: Vec<HummockPinnedVersionModel> =
+            HummockPinnedVersionEntity::find().all(db).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(db_rows.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            1,
+            db_rows
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|m| m.context_id == 1 && m.min_pinned_id == 111)
+                .count()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(111, map.get(&1).unwrap().min_pinned_id);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_tree_map_entry_insert_transaction_commit() {
+        let mut map: BTreeMap<u32, HummockPinnedVersion> = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        let mut map_txn = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut map);
+        let first_entry_txn = map_txn.new_entry_insert_txn(
+            1,
+            HummockPinnedVersion {
+                context_id: 1,
+                min_pinned_id: 11,
+            },
+        );
+        let store = SqlMetaStore::for_test().await;
+        let db = &store.conn;
+        let mut txn = db.begin().await.unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.apply_to_txn(&mut txn).await.unwrap();
+        txn.commit().await.unwrap();
+        first_entry_txn.commit();
+        assert_eq!(11, map.get(&1).unwrap().min_pinned_id);
+    }
+}

From f1021932f27711dd07487b95089c6b968e1faf79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 16:07:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 376/430] refactor(meta): split meta into smaller crates (step
 1) (#12924)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  87 +++--
 Cargo.toml                                    |   5 +
 src/batch/Cargo.toml                          |   2 -
 src/batch/src/lib.rs                          |   1 -
 src/cmd/Cargo.toml                            |   2 +-
 src/cmd/src/lib.rs                            |   4 +-
 src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml                        |   2 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/README.md                     |   2 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs             |   2 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml          |  10 +-
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |   1 -
 src/compute/src/lib.rs                        |   1 -
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   6 +-
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                      |   1 -
 src/frontend/Cargo.toml                       |   1 -
 src/meta/Cargo.toml                           |   5 -
 src/meta/README.md                            |   9 +
 src/meta/node/Cargo.toml                      |  57 +++
 src/meta/node/src/lib.rs                      | 344 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/{src/rpc => node/src}/server.rs      | 103 ++----
 src/meta/service/Cargo.toml                   |  53 +++
 .../service => service/src}/backup_service.rs |   0
 .../service => service/src}/cloud_service.rs  |   0
 .../src}/cluster_service.rs                   |   0
 .../service => service/src}/ddl_service.rs    |   0
 .../service => service/src}/health_service.rs |   6 +
 .../src}/heartbeat_service.rs                 |   0
 .../src}/hummock_service.rs                   |   2 +-
 .../rpc/service/mod.rs => service/src/lib.rs} |  30 ++
 .../src}/meta_member_service.rs               |   4 +-
 .../src}/notification_service.rs              |   0
 .../service => service/src}/scale_service.rs  |   0
 .../src}/serving_service.rs                   |   0
 .../src}/sink_coordination_service.rs         |   4 +-
 .../service => service/src}/stream_service.rs |   0
 .../src}/system_params_service.rs             |   0
 .../src}/telemetry_service.rs                 |   0
 .../service => service/src}/user_service.rs   |   0
 src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs                   |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs              |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/schedule.rs              |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs                |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs        |   4 +-
 .../src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs    |   5 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs    |  10 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/context.rs       |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs        |   2 +-
 .../hummock/model/compaction_group_config.rs  |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                           | 343 +----------------
 src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs                   |  21 +-
 .../sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs   |   6 +-
 .../src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs  |   8 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/mod.rs |  16 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs         |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/model/cluster.rs                 |  19 +-
 src/meta/src/model/stream.rs                  |  10 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            |   6 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs              |   6 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs                   |   6 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs                       |  14 +-
 src/meta/src/serving/mod.rs                   |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/scale.rs                  |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs         |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs         |  10 +-
 src/meta/src/telemetry.rs                     |  11 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs                     |   1 -
 src/source/Cargo.toml                         |   1 -
 src/source/src/lib.rs                         |   1 -
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |   1 -
 src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs                 |   1 -
 src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml              |   3 -
 src/storage/src/lib.rs                        |   1 -
 src/stream/Cargo.toml                         |   5 -
 src/stream/src/lib.rs                         |   1 -
 src/tests/compaction_test/Cargo.toml          |   1 +
 .../src/compaction_test_runner.rs             |   4 +-
 src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml               |   2 +-
 src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs           |   4 +-
 src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml                  |   5 -
 82 files changed, 722 insertions(+), 590 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/README.md
 create mode 100644 src/meta/node/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc => node/src}/server.rs (92%)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/service/Cargo.toml
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/backup_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/cloud_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/cluster_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/ddl_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/health_service.rs (93%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/heartbeat_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/hummock_service.rs (99%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service/mod.rs => service/src/lib.rs} (71%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/meta_member_service.rs (97%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/notification_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/scale_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/serving_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/sink_coordination_service.rs (92%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/stream_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/system_params_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/telemetry_service.rs (100%)
 rename src/meta/{src/rpc/service => service/src}/user_service.rs (100%)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 19854624d08ba..247852213c422 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4036,12 +4036,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "iter-chunks"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b7abddfc4e19bc38f3922e41b341fedb4e1470e922f024c4e5ae5922f56c7593"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.10.5"
@@ -6893,7 +6887,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_matches",
  "async-recursion",
- "async-stream",
  "async-trait",
  "criterion",
  "either",
@@ -6927,7 +6920,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-metrics",
  "tokio-stream",
  "tracing",
- "uuid",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
@@ -6977,7 +6969,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_ctl",
  "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
- "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_meta_node",
  "risingwave_rt",
  "task_stats_alloc",
  "tikv-jemallocator",
@@ -7003,7 +6995,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_ctl",
  "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
- "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_meta_node",
  "risingwave_rt",
  "shell-words",
  "strum 0.25.0",
@@ -7172,6 +7164,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_hummock_test",
  "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_meta_node",
  "risingwave_object_store",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
@@ -7185,14 +7178,12 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_compactor"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
  "await-tree",
  "clap",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "madsim-tonic",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
  "risingwave_common_service",
@@ -7201,7 +7192,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
  "risingwave_storage",
  "serde",
- "serde_json",
  "tracing",
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
@@ -7266,7 +7256,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-smithy-http",
  "aws-types",
  "base64 0.21.4",
- "bincode 1.3.3",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
@@ -7290,15 +7279,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonschema-transpiler",
  "madsim-rdkafka",
  "madsim-tokio",
- "madsim-tonic",
  "maplit",
  "moka",
  "mysql_async",
  "mysql_common",
  "nexmark",
- "nkeys",
  "num-bigint",
- "opendal 0.39.0",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
  "prometheus",
@@ -7493,7 +7479,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "madsim-tonic",
  "maplit",
  "md5",
- "more-asserts",
  "num-integer",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "parse-display",
@@ -7672,17 +7657,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "parse-display",
  "prometheus",
  "prometheus-http-query",
  "prost 0.12.1",
  "rand",
- "regex",
  "reqwest",
  "risingwave_backup",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
- "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
  "risingwave_object_store",
@@ -7695,9 +7677,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sqlx",
- "static_assertions",
  "sync-point",
- "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio-retry",
  "tokio-stream",
@@ -7709,6 +7689,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "risingwave_meta_node"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "clap",
+ "either",
+ "futures",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "madsim-etcd-client",
+ "madsim-tokio",
+ "madsim-tonic",
+ "model_migration",
+ "prometheus-http-query",
+ "regex",
+ "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_common_heap_profiling",
+ "risingwave_common_service",
+ "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_meta_service",
+ "risingwave_pb",
+ "risingwave_rpc_client",
+ "sea-orm",
+ "tracing",
+ "workspace-hack",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "risingwave_meta_service"
+version = "1.3.0-alpha"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-trait",
+ "either",
+ "futures",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "madsim-tokio",
+ "madsim-tonic",
+ "regex",
+ "risingwave_common",
+ "risingwave_connector",
+ "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_pb",
+ "sea-orm",
+ "sync-point",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tracing",
+ "workspace-hack",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "risingwave_object_store"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
@@ -7824,7 +7854,6 @@ name = "risingwave_rt"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "await-tree",
- "chrono",
  "console",
  "console-subscriber",
  "either",
@@ -7836,7 +7865,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "opentelemetry-semantic-conventions",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "pprof",
- "prometheus",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_variables",
  "rlimit",
@@ -7878,7 +7906,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test",
  "risingwave_expr_impl",
  "risingwave_frontend",
- "risingwave_meta",
+ "risingwave_meta_node",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
  "risingwave_sqlparser",
@@ -7902,7 +7930,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "assert_matches",
  "criterion",
- "easy-ext",
  "futures",
  "futures-async-stream",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
@@ -7996,7 +8023,6 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "risingwave_storage"
 version = "1.3.0-alpha"
 dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
  "async-trait",
  "auto_enums",
@@ -8069,7 +8095,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "await-tree",
  "bytes",
  "criterion",
- "dyn-clone",
  "educe",
  "either",
  "enum-as-inner",
@@ -8078,7 +8103,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-async-stream",
  "governor",
  "hytra",
- "iter-chunks",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "local_stats_alloc",
  "lru 0.7.6",
@@ -8087,9 +8111,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "maplit",
  "memcomparable",
  "multimap 0.9.0",
- "num-traits",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "parse-display",
  "pin-project",
  "prometheus",
  "prost 0.12.1",
@@ -8108,7 +8130,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "serde_yaml",
  "smallvec",
- "spin 0.9.8",
  "static_assertions",
  "task_stats_alloc",
  "thiserror",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index a975a0186e712..74a097d4eb9d7 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ members = [
   "src/cmd_all",
   "src/common",
   "src/common/common_service",
+  "src/common/heap_profiling",
   "src/compute",
   "src/connector",
   "src/ctl",
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ members = [
   "src/java_binding",
   "src/jni_core",
   "src/meta",
+  "src/meta/node",
+  "src/meta/service",
   "src/meta/src/model_v2/migration",
   "src/object_store",
   "src/prost",
@@ -139,6 +142,8 @@ risingwave_hummock_sdk = { path = "./src/storage/hummock_sdk" }
 risingwave_hummock_test = { path = "./src/storage/hummock_test" }
 risingwave_hummock_trace = { path = "./src/storage/hummock_trace" }
 risingwave_meta = { path = "./src/meta" }
+risingwave_meta_service = { path = "./src/meta/service" }
+risingwave_meta_node = { path = "./src/meta/node" }
 risingwave_object_store = { path = "./src/object_store" }
 risingwave_pb = { path = "./src/prost" }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { path = "./src/rpc_client" }
diff --git a/src/batch/Cargo.toml b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
index 17a19d4771f60..fef154450a563 100644
--- a/src/batch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/batch/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 anyhow = "1"
 assert_matches = "1"
 async-recursion = "1"
-async-stream = "0.3.5"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 either = "1"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ tokio-metrics = "0.3.0"
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tonic = { workspace = true }
 tracing = "0.1"
-uuid = "1"
 
 [target.'cfg(enable_task_local_alloc)'.dependencies]
 task_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/task_stats_alloc" }
diff --git a/src/batch/src/lib.rs b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
index 17fc6cfab2bc1..9104c96c951f5 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #![expect(dead_code)]
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
diff --git a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
index 78dc7040f2ada..8ba72d6a24af4 100644
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ risingwave_compute = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta_node = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
 tikv-jemallocator = { workspace = true, features = [
     "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms",
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
index 7dd34a8364c9a..8d3629eaf657f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts;
 use risingwave_compute::ComputeNodeOpts;
 use risingwave_ctl::CliOpts as CtlOpts;
 use risingwave_frontend::FrontendOpts;
-use risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts;
+use risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts;
 use risingwave_rt::{init_risingwave_logger, main_okk, LoggerSettings};
 
 /// Define the `main` function for a component.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn compute(opts: ComputeNodeOpts) {
 
 pub fn meta(opts: MetaNodeOpts) {
     init_risingwave_logger(LoggerSettings::new("meta"));
-    main_okk(risingwave_meta::start(opts));
+    main_okk(risingwave_meta_node::start(opts));
 }
 
 pub fn frontend(opts: FrontendOpts) {
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
index 922fd3b5812bc..9a4b34c094196 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd_all/Cargo.toml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ risingwave_compute = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta_node = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rt = { workspace = true }
 shell-words = "1.1.0"
 strum = "0.25"
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/README.md b/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
index fbbae4439f97f..0284817b99a92 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/README.md
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ You may run and reference the [demo script](../scripts/e2e-full-standalone-demo.
 
 Standalone mode simply passes the options to the corresponding node, and starts them in the same process.
 
-For example `--meta-opts` is parsed, and then Meta Node's entrypoint, `risingwave_meta::start`, is called with the parsed options.
+For example `--meta-opts` is parsed, and then Meta Node's entrypoint, `risingwave_meta_node::start`, is called with the parsed options.
 If any option is missing, the corresponding node will not be started.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
index 1d92ca768f88d..3e9088e16b9e2 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts;
 use risingwave_compute::ComputeNodeOpts;
 use risingwave_ctl::CliOpts as CtlOpts;
 use risingwave_frontend::FrontendOpts;
-use risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts;
+use risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts;
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 use strum_macros::{Display, EnumIter, EnumString, IntoStaticStr};
 use tracing::Level;
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
index b1fd1a30ef461..76ca89be17c76 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/playground.rs
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ pub async fn playground(opts: PlaygroundOpts) -> Result<()> {
             RisingWaveService::Meta(mut opts) => {
                 opts.insert(0, "meta-node".into());
                 tracing::info!("starting meta-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
-                let opts = risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from(opts);
+                let opts = risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from(opts);
                 let _meta_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
-                    risingwave_meta::start(opts).await;
+                    risingwave_meta_node::start(opts).await;
                     tracing::warn!("meta is stopped, shutdown all nodes");
                     // As a playground, it's fine to just kill everything.
                     if idle_exit {
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
index f7c8068cf33b9..8ebe2c7112c49 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/standalone.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use clap::Parser;
 use risingwave_compactor::CompactorOpts;
 use risingwave_compute::ComputeNodeOpts;
 use risingwave_frontend::FrontendOpts;
-use risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts;
+use risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts;
 use shell_words::split;
 use tokio::signal;
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub async fn standalone(opts: StandaloneOpts) -> Result<()> {
         tracing::info!("starting meta-node thread with cli args: {:?}", opts);
 
         let _meta_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            risingwave_meta::start(opts).await;
+            risingwave_meta_node::start(opts).await;
             tracing::warn!("meta is stopped, shutdown all nodes");
         });
         // wait for the service to be ready
diff --git a/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml b/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
index 6c1b9957555bd..c7123eaac5817 100644
--- a/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/heap_profiling/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
 normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
-tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_common = {workspace =true}
-tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio" }
-tracing = "0.1"
+anyhow = "1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
     "clock",
     "std",
 ] }
-anyhow = "1"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
+risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { workspace = true }
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio" }
+tracing = "0.1"
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index 228fb6200b667..2a3575d8dae78 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 )]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(test)]
diff --git a/src/compute/src/lib.rs b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
index bdd84ae402746..65bf59eedf19e 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(generators)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index f0890080c8c5d..abb7486de3091 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ aws-sdk-s3 = { workspace = true }
 aws-smithy-http = { workspace = true }
 aws-types = { workspace = true }
 base64 = "0.21"
-bincode = "1"
 byteorder = "1"
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ icelake = { workspace = true }
 indexmap = { version = "1.9.3", features = ["serde"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 jni = { version = "0.21.1", features = ["invocation"] }
-jsonschema-transpiler = { git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
+jst = { package = 'jsonschema-transpiler', git = "https://github.com/mozilla/jsonschema-transpiler", rev = "c1a89d720d118843d8bcca51084deb0ed223e4b4" }
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 moka = { version = "0.12", features = ["future"] }
 mysql_async = { version = "0.32", default-features = false, features = [
@@ -75,9 +74,7 @@ mysql_common = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = [
     "chrono",
 ] }
 nexmark = { version = "0.2", features = ["serde"] }
-nkeys = "0.3.2"
 num-bigint = "0.4"
-opendal = "0.39"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 paste = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
@@ -127,7 +124,6 @@ tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
 tokio-retry = "0.3"
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
-tonic = { workspace = true }
 tonic_0_9 = { package = "tonic", version = "0.9" }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-futures = { version = "0.2", features = ["futures-03"] }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 4dd1691b00f89..8201e10731a28 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
diff --git a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
index 7ff97bdd375de..37f9f6326faea 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ iana-time-zone = "0.1"
 itertools = "0.11"
 maplit = "1"
 md5 = "0.7.0"
-more-asserts = "0.3"
 num-integer = "0.1"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 parse-display = "0.8"
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index 5bdcdfd633129..67e9a95026cc7 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -40,17 +40,14 @@ model_migration = { path = "src/model_v2/migration" }
 num-integer = "0.1"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock"] }
-parse-display = "0.8"
 prometheus = "0.13"
 prometheus-http-query = "0.7"
 prost = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8"
-regex = "1"
 reqwest = "0.11"
 risingwave_backup = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_object_store = { workspace = true }
@@ -102,8 +99,6 @@ assert_matches = "1"
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 rand = "0.8"
 risingwave_test_runner = { workspace = true }
-static_assertions = "1"
-tempfile = "3"
 
 [features]
 test = []
diff --git a/src/meta/README.md b/src/meta/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3782d765532a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+## Organization of the meta crates
+
+We split the meta module into smaller crates in order to speed up compilation.
+
+- `meta/node` is the final meta node server
+- `meta/service` is tonic grpc service implementations. We may further split this into parallel sub-crates.
+- The remaining part `meta/src` is the implementation details imported by services. In the future, we can also try to re-organize this into smaller units.
+
+Refer to [#12924](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/pull/12924) for more details.
diff --git a/src/meta/node/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/node/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8c2a5aeadbe41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/node/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+[package]
+name = "risingwave_meta_node"
+version = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive", "env"] }
+either = "1"
+etcd-client = { workspace = true }
+futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+itertools = "0.11"
+model_migration = { path = "../src/model_v2/migration" }
+prometheus-http-query = "0.7"
+regex = "1"
+risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta_service = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
+sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [
+    "sqlx-mysql",
+    "sqlx-postgres",
+    "sqlx-sqlite",
+    "runtime-tokio-native-tls",
+    "macros",
+] }
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
+    "rt",
+    "rt-multi-thread",
+    "sync",
+    "macros",
+    "time",
+    "signal",
+] }
+tonic = { workspace = true }
+tracing = "0.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
+workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..55c7b27b0c80a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#![feature(lint_reasons)]
+#![feature(let_chains)]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+
+mod server;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use clap::Parser;
+pub use error::{MetaError, MetaResult};
+use risingwave_common::config::OverrideConfig;
+use risingwave_common::util::resource_util;
+use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
+use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
+use risingwave_meta::*;
+use risingwave_meta_service::*;
+pub use rpc::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
+use server::{rpc_serve, MetaStoreSqlBackend};
+
+use crate::manager::MetaOpts;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser, OverrideConfig)]
+#[command(version, about = "The central metadata management service")]
+pub struct MetaNodeOpts {
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_VPC_ID")]
+    vpc_id: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_VPC_SECURITY_GROUP_ID")]
+    security_group_id: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_LISTEN_ADDR", default_value = "127.0.0.1:5690")]
+    listen_addr: String,
+
+    /// The address for contacting this instance of the service.
+    /// This would be synonymous with the service's "public address"
+    /// or "identifying address".
+    /// It will serve as a unique identifier in cluster
+    /// membership and leader election. Must be specified for etcd backend.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ADVERTISE_ADDR")]
+    advertise_addr: String,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DASHBOARD_HOST")]
+    dashboard_host: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PROMETHEUS_HOST")]
+    prometheus_host: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_ENDPOINTS", default_value_t = String::from(""))]
+    etcd_endpoints: String,
+
+    /// Enable authentication with etcd. By default disabled.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_AUTH")]
+    etcd_auth: bool,
+
+    /// Username of etcd, required when --etcd-auth is enabled.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_USERNAME", default_value = "")]
+    etcd_username: String,
+
+    /// Password of etcd, required when --etcd-auth is enabled.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_PASSWORD", default_value = "")]
+    etcd_password: String,
+
+    /// Endpoint of the SQL service, make it non-option when SQL service is required.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_SQL_ENDPOINT")]
+    sql_endpoint: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH")]
+    dashboard_ui_path: Option<String>,
+
+    /// For dashboard service to fetch cluster info.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PROMETHEUS_ENDPOINT")]
+    prometheus_endpoint: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Endpoint of the connector node, there will be a sidecar connector node
+    /// colocated with Meta node in the cloud environment
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_CONNECTOR_RPC_ENDPOINT")]
+    pub connector_rpc_endpoint: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Default tag for the endpoint created when creating a privatelink connection.
+    /// Will be appended to the tags specified in the `tags` field in with clause in `create
+    /// connection`.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT_DEFAULT_TAGS")]
+    pub privatelink_endpoint_default_tags: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The path of `risingwave.toml` configuration file.
+    ///
+    /// If empty, default configuration values will be used.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_CONFIG_PATH", default_value = "")]
+    pub config_path: String,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKEND", value_enum)]
+    #[override_opts(path = meta.backend)]
+    backend: Option<MetaBackend>,
+
+    /// The interval of periodic barrier.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BARRIER_INTERVAL_MS")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.barrier_interval_ms)]
+    barrier_interval_ms: Option<u32>,
+
+    /// Target size of the Sstable.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_SSTABLE_SIZE_MB")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.sstable_size_mb)]
+    sstable_size_mb: Option<u32>,
+
+    /// Size of each block in bytes in SST.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BLOCK_SIZE_KB")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.block_size_kb)]
+    block_size_kb: Option<u32>,
+
+    /// False positive probability of bloom filter.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BLOOM_FALSE_POSITIVE")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.bloom_false_positive)]
+    bloom_false_positive: Option<f64>,
+
+    /// State store url
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_STATE_STORE")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.state_store)]
+    state_store: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Remote directory for storing data and metadata objects.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DATA_DIRECTORY")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.data_directory)]
+    data_directory: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Whether config object storage bucket lifecycle to purge stale data.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DO_NOT_CONFIG_BUCKET_LIFECYCLE")]
+    #[override_opts(path = meta.do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle)]
+    do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle: Option<bool>,
+
+    /// Remote storage url for storing snapshots.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKUP_STORAGE_URL")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.backup_storage_url)]
+    backup_storage_url: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Remote directory for storing snapshots.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKUP_STORAGE_DIRECTORY")]
+    #[override_opts(path = system.backup_storage_directory)]
+    backup_storage_directory: Option<String>,
+
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
+    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms)]
+    pub object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
+    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms)]
+    pub object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
+    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_upload_timeout_ms)]
+    pub object_store_upload_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
+    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_read_timeout_ms)]
+    pub object_store_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
+    #[clap(long, env = "RW_HEAP_PROFILING_DIR")]
+    #[override_opts(path = server.heap_profiling.dir)]
+    pub heap_profiling_dir: Option<String>,
+}
+
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+use risingwave_common::config::{load_config, MetaBackend, RwConfig};
+use tracing::info;
+
+/// Start meta node
+pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
+    // WARNING: don't change the function signature. Making it `async fn` will cause
+    // slow compile in release mode.
+    Box::pin(async move {
+        info!("Starting meta node");
+        info!("> options: {:?}", opts);
+        let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, &opts);
+        info!("> config: {:?}", config);
+        info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
+        let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
+        let dashboard_addr = opts.dashboard_host.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap());
+        let prometheus_addr = opts.prometheus_host.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap());
+        let backend = match config.meta.backend {
+            MetaBackend::Etcd => MetaStoreBackend::Etcd {
+                endpoints: opts
+                    .etcd_endpoints
+                    .split(',')
+                    .map(|x| x.to_string())
+                    .collect(),
+                credentials: match opts.etcd_auth {
+                    true => Some((opts.etcd_username, opts.etcd_password)),
+                    false => None,
+                },
+            },
+            MetaBackend::Mem => MetaStoreBackend::Mem,
+        };
+        let sql_backend = opts
+            .sql_endpoint
+            .map(|endpoint| MetaStoreSqlBackend { endpoint });
+
+        validate_config(&config);
+
+        let total_memory_bytes = resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes();
+        let heap_profiler =
+            HeapProfiler::new(total_memory_bytes, config.server.heap_profiling.clone());
+        // Run a background heap profiler
+        heap_profiler.start();
+
+        let max_heartbeat_interval =
+            Duration::from_secs(config.meta.max_heartbeat_interval_secs as u64);
+        let max_idle_ms = config.meta.dangerous_max_idle_secs.unwrap_or(0) * 1000;
+        let in_flight_barrier_nums = config.streaming.in_flight_barrier_nums;
+        let privatelink_endpoint_default_tags =
+            opts.privatelink_endpoint_default_tags.map(|tags| {
+                tags.split(',')
+                    .map(|s| {
+                        let key_val = s.split_once('=').unwrap();
+                        (key_val.0.to_string(), key_val.1.to_string())
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            });
+
+        let add_info = AddressInfo {
+            advertise_addr: opts.advertise_addr,
+            listen_addr,
+            prometheus_addr,
+            dashboard_addr,
+            ui_path: opts.dashboard_ui_path,
+        };
+
+        let (mut join_handle, leader_lost_handle, shutdown_send) = rpc_serve(
+            add_info,
+            backend,
+            sql_backend,
+            max_heartbeat_interval,
+            config.meta.meta_leader_lease_secs,
+            MetaOpts {
+                enable_recovery: !config.meta.disable_recovery,
+                in_flight_barrier_nums,
+                max_idle_ms,
+                compaction_deterministic_test: config.meta.enable_compaction_deterministic,
+                default_parallelism: config.meta.default_parallelism,
+                vacuum_interval_sec: config.meta.vacuum_interval_sec,
+                vacuum_spin_interval_ms: config.meta.vacuum_spin_interval_ms,
+                hummock_version_checkpoint_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .hummock_version_checkpoint_interval_sec,
+                min_delta_log_num_for_hummock_version_checkpoint: config
+                    .meta
+                    .min_delta_log_num_for_hummock_version_checkpoint,
+                min_sst_retention_time_sec: config.meta.min_sst_retention_time_sec,
+                full_gc_interval_sec: config.meta.full_gc_interval_sec,
+                collect_gc_watermark_spin_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .collect_gc_watermark_spin_interval_sec,
+                enable_committed_sst_sanity_check: config.meta.enable_committed_sst_sanity_check,
+                periodic_compaction_interval_sec: config.meta.periodic_compaction_interval_sec,
+                node_num_monitor_interval_sec: config.meta.node_num_monitor_interval_sec,
+                prometheus_endpoint: opts.prometheus_endpoint,
+                vpc_id: opts.vpc_id,
+                security_group_id: opts.security_group_id,
+                connector_rpc_endpoint: opts.connector_rpc_endpoint,
+                privatelink_endpoint_default_tags,
+                periodic_space_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .periodic_space_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+                telemetry_enabled: config.server.telemetry_enabled,
+                periodic_ttl_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .periodic_ttl_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+                periodic_tombstone_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .periodic_tombstone_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
+                periodic_split_compact_group_interval_sec: config
+                    .meta
+                    .periodic_split_compact_group_interval_sec,
+                split_group_size_limit: config.meta.split_group_size_limit,
+                min_table_split_size: config.meta.move_table_size_limit,
+                table_write_throughput_threshold: config.meta.table_write_throughput_threshold,
+                min_table_split_write_throughput: config.meta.min_table_split_write_throughput,
+                partition_vnode_count: config.meta.partition_vnode_count,
+                do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle: config
+                    .meta
+                    .do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle,
+                compaction_task_max_heartbeat_interval_secs: config
+                    .meta
+                    .compaction_task_max_heartbeat_interval_secs,
+                compaction_config: Some(config.meta.compaction_config),
+            },
+            config.system.into_init_system_params(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        tracing::info!("Meta server listening at {}", listen_addr);
+
+        match leader_lost_handle {
+            None => {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
+                        tracing::info!("receive ctrl+c");
+                        shutdown_send.send(()).unwrap();
+                        join_handle.await.unwrap()
+                    }
+                    res = &mut join_handle => res.unwrap(),
+                };
+            }
+            Some(mut handle) => {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = &mut handle => {
+                        tracing::info!("receive leader lost signal");
+                        // When we lose leadership, we will exit as soon as possible.
+                    }
+                    _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
+                        tracing::info!("receive ctrl+c");
+                        shutdown_send.send(()).unwrap();
+                        join_handle.await.unwrap();
+                        handle.abort();
+                    }
+                    res = &mut join_handle => {
+                        res.unwrap();
+                        handle.abort();
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+        };
+    })
+}
+
+fn validate_config(config: &RwConfig) {
+    if config.meta.meta_leader_lease_secs <= 2 {
+        let error_msg = "meta leader lease secs should be larger than 2";
+        tracing::error!(error_msg);
+        panic!("{}", error_msg);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs b/src/meta/node/src/server.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
rename to src/meta/node/src/server.rs
index 1a15defe43bf5..d5cbfa3e3b26a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/node/src/server.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -27,6 +26,24 @@ use risingwave_common::telemetry::manager::TelemetryManager;
 use risingwave_common::telemetry::telemetry_env_enabled;
 use risingwave_common_service::metrics_manager::MetricsManager;
 use risingwave_common_service::tracing::TracingExtractLayer;
+use risingwave_meta::rpc::intercept::MetricsMiddlewareLayer;
+use risingwave_meta::rpc::ElectionClientRef;
+use risingwave_meta_service::backup_service::BackupServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::cloud_service::CloudServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::cluster_service::ClusterServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::ddl_service::DdlServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::health_service::HealthServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::heartbeat_service::HeartbeatServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::hummock_service::HummockServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::meta_member_service::MetaMemberServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::notification_service::NotificationServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::scale_service::ScaleServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::serving_service::ServingServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::sink_coordination_service::SinkCoordinationServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::stream_service::StreamServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::system_params_service::SystemParamsServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::telemetry_service::TelemetryInfoServiceImpl;
+use risingwave_meta_service::user_service::UserServiceImpl;
 use risingwave_pb::backup_service::backup_service_server::BackupServiceServer;
 use risingwave_pb::cloud_service::cloud_service_server::CloudServiceServer;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::sink_coordination_service_server::SinkCoordinationServiceServer;
@@ -50,12 +67,6 @@ use tokio::sync::watch;
 use tokio::sync::watch::{Receiver as WatchReceiver, Sender as WatchSender};
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
-use super::intercept::MetricsMiddlewareLayer;
-use super::service::health_service::HealthServiceImpl;
-use super::service::notification_service::NotificationServiceImpl;
-use super::service::scale_service::ScaleServiceImpl;
-use super::service::serving_service::ServingServiceImpl;
-use super::DdlServiceImpl;
 use crate::backup_restore::BackupManager;
 use crate::barrier::{BarrierScheduler, GlobalBarrierManager};
 use crate::controller::system_param::SystemParamsController;
@@ -68,21 +79,9 @@ use crate::manager::{
 };
 use crate::rpc::cloud_provider::AwsEc2Client;
 use crate::rpc::election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
-use crate::rpc::election::ElectionClient;
 use crate::rpc::metrics::{
     start_fragment_info_monitor, start_worker_info_monitor, GLOBAL_META_METRICS,
 };
-use crate::rpc::service::backup_service::BackupServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::cloud_service::CloudServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::cluster_service::ClusterServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::heartbeat_service::HeartbeatServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::hummock_service::HummockServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::meta_member_service::MetaMemberServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::sink_coordination_service::SinkCoordinationServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::stream_service::StreamServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::system_params_service::SystemParamsServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::telemetry_service::TelemetryInfoServiceImpl;
-use crate::rpc::service::user_service::UserServiceImpl;
 use crate::serving::ServingVnodeMapping;
 use crate::storage::{
     EtcdMetaStore, MemStore, MetaStore, MetaStoreBoxExt, MetaStoreRef,
@@ -91,43 +90,13 @@ use crate::storage::{
 use crate::stream::{GlobalStreamManager, SourceManager};
 use crate::telemetry::{MetaReportCreator, MetaTelemetryInfoFetcher};
 use crate::{hummock, serving, MetaError, MetaResult};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum MetaStoreBackend {
-    Etcd {
-        endpoints: Vec<String>,
-        credentials: Option<(String, String)>,
-    },
-    Mem,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct MetaStoreSqlBackend {
     pub(crate) endpoint: String,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AddressInfo {
-    pub advertise_addr: String,
-    pub listen_addr: SocketAddr,
-    pub prometheus_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
-    pub dashboard_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
-    pub ui_path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Default for AddressInfo {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            advertise_addr: "".to_string(),
-            listen_addr: SocketAddr::V4("127.0.0.1:0000".parse().unwrap()),
-            prometheus_addr: None,
-            dashboard_addr: None,
-            ui_path: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub type ElectionClientRef = Arc<dyn ElectionClient>;
+use risingwave_meta::MetaStoreBackend;
+use risingwave_meta_service::AddressInfo;
 
 pub async fn rpc_serve(
     address_info: AddressInfo,
@@ -636,25 +605,19 @@ pub async fn start_service_as_election_leader(
         // compaction_scheduler,
         &env.opts,
     ));
-    sub_tasks.push(
-        start_worker_info_monitor(
-            cluster_manager.clone(),
-            election_client.clone(),
-            Duration::from_secs(env.opts.node_num_monitor_interval_sec),
-            meta_metrics.clone(),
-        )
-        .await,
-    );
-    sub_tasks.push(
-        start_fragment_info_monitor(
-            cluster_manager.clone(),
-            catalog_manager,
-            fragment_manager.clone(),
-            hummock_manager.clone(),
-            meta_metrics.clone(),
-        )
-        .await,
-    );
+    sub_tasks.push(start_worker_info_monitor(
+        cluster_manager.clone(),
+        election_client.clone(),
+        Duration::from_secs(env.opts.node_num_monitor_interval_sec),
+        meta_metrics.clone(),
+    ));
+    sub_tasks.push(start_fragment_info_monitor(
+        cluster_manager.clone(),
+        catalog_manager,
+        fragment_manager.clone(),
+        hummock_manager.clone(),
+        meta_metrics.clone(),
+    ));
     if let Some(system_params_ctl) = system_params_controller {
         sub_tasks.push(SystemParamsController::start_params_notifier(
             system_params_ctl,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/service/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1760ccd56a85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/service/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+[package]
+name = "risingwave_meta_service"
+version = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1"
+async-trait = "0.1"
+either = "1"
+futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+itertools = "0.11"
+regex = "1"
+risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
+sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [
+    "sqlx-mysql",
+    "sqlx-postgres",
+    "sqlx-sqlite",
+    "runtime-tokio-native-tls",
+    "macros",
+] }
+sync-point = { path = "../../utils/sync-point" }
+tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
+    "rt",
+    "rt-multi-thread",
+    "sync",
+    "macros",
+    "time",
+    "signal",
+] }
+tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
+tonic = { workspace = true }
+tracing = "0.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
+workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/backup_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/backup_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/backup_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/cloud_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/cloud_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/cloud_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/cluster_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/cluster_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/cluster_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/cluster_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/ddl_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/health_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/health_service.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/health_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/health_service.rs
index bdb01c1ef0760..338091a72de38 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/health_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/health_service.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
 pub struct HealthServiceImpl {}
 
+impl Default for HealthServiceImpl {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
 impl HealthServiceImpl {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/heartbeat_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/heartbeat_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
index 3ae90421d2d87..74dc37b82d21e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Status, Streaming};
 use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::ManualCompactionOption;
 use crate::hummock::{HummockManagerRef, VacuumManagerRef};
 use crate::manager::FragmentManagerRef;
-use crate::rpc::service::RwReceiverStream;
+use crate::RwReceiverStream;
 pub struct HummockServiceImpl {
     hummock_manager: HummockManagerRef,
     vacuum_manager: VacuumManagerRef,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/mod.rs b/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
similarity index 71%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/mod.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
index 4484a8ca68a88..0d473a6ed031f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+#![feature(lint_reasons)]
+#![feature(let_chains)]
+#![feature(lazy_cell)]
+#![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+
+use risingwave_meta::*;
+
 pub mod backup_service;
 pub mod cloud_service;
 pub mod cluster_service;
@@ -59,3 +67,25 @@ impl<S> Stream for RwReceiverStream<S> {
             .map(|opt| opt.map(|res| res.map_err(Into::into)))
     }
 }
+
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AddressInfo {
+    pub advertise_addr: String,
+    pub listen_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub prometheus_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+    pub dashboard_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+    pub ui_path: Option<String>,
+}
+impl Default for AddressInfo {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            advertise_addr: "".to_string(),
+            listen_addr: SocketAddr::V4("127.0.0.1:0000".parse().unwrap()),
+            prometheus_addr: None,
+            dashboard_addr: None,
+            ui_path: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/meta_member_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/meta_member_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
index 6fb138b535410..25c4c7ad4cc84 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/meta_member_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 
 use either::Either;
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
+use risingwave_meta::rpc::ElectionClientRef;
 use risingwave_pb::common::HostAddress;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::meta_member_service_server::MetaMemberService;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::{MembersRequest, MembersResponse, MetaMember};
 use tonic::{Request, Response, Status};
 
-use crate::rpc::server::{AddressInfo, ElectionClientRef};
-
+use crate::AddressInfo;
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MetaMemberServiceImpl {
     election_client_or_self: Either<ElectionClientRef, AddressInfo>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/notification_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/scale_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/scale_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/serving_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/serving_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/serving_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/serving_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/sink_coordination_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/sink_coordination_service.rs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/sink_coordination_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/sink_coordination_service.rs
index f7d56af9c063f..72c4cb2ff9af4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/sink_coordination_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/sink_coordination_service.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Status, Streaming};
 use crate::manager::sink_coordination::SinkCoordinatorManager;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct SinkCoordinationServiceImpl {
+pub struct SinkCoordinationServiceImpl {
     sink_manager: SinkCoordinatorManager,
 }
 
 impl SinkCoordinationServiceImpl {
-    pub(crate) fn new(sink_manager: SinkCoordinatorManager) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(sink_manager: SinkCoordinatorManager) -> Self {
         Self { sink_manager }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/system_params_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/system_params_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/system_params_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/telemetry_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/telemetry_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/telemetry_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/meta/src/rpc/service/user_service.rs
rename to src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
index 262da65f19b0c..8924992c2e18e 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub struct GlobalBarrierManager {
 
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
 
-    pub(crate) catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
+    pub catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
 
     fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub struct GlobalBarrierManager {
 
     metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
 
-    pub(crate) env: MetaSrvEnv,
+    pub env: MetaSrvEnv,
 
     tracker: Mutex<CreateMviewProgressTracker>,
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
index bce901cd6f459..b3b57f2be58f1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
     /// the cluster or `risectl` command. Used for debugging purpose.
     ///
     /// Returns the new state of the barrier manager after recovery.
-    pub(crate) async fn recovery(
+    pub async fn recovery(
         &self,
         prev_epoch: TracedEpoch,
         paused_reason: Option<PausedReason>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/schedule.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/schedule.rs
index 7c9fefd15606b..c4718d97d40f6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/schedule.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/schedule.rs
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ impl ScheduledBarriers {
     }
 
     /// Make the `checkpoint` of the next barrier must be true
-    pub(crate) fn force_checkpoint_in_next_barrier(&self) {
+    pub fn force_checkpoint_in_next_barrier(&self) {
         self.inner.force_checkpoint.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
index 74f01497cc048..3fcb6a7d004ae 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl From<sea_orm::DbErr> for MetaError {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SqlMetaStore {
-    pub(crate) conn: DatabaseConnection,
+    pub conn: DatabaseConnection,
 }
 
 impl SqlMetaStore {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
index 246b00af771af..a056414034243 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/mod.rs
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ use crate::hummock::level_handler::LevelHandler;
 use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
 
 pub struct CompactStatus {
-    pub(crate) compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
-    pub(crate) level_handlers: Vec<LevelHandler>,
+    pub compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
+    pub level_handlers: Vec<LevelHandler>,
 }
 
 impl Debug for CompactStatus {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
index 1bc49afc55653..48d237eb5cf2f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
@@ -335,10 +335,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         l0
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn assert_compaction_task(
-        compact_task: &CompactionTask,
-        level_handlers: &[LevelHandler],
-    ) {
+    pub fn assert_compaction_task(compact_task: &CompactionTask, level_handlers: &[LevelHandler]) {
         for i in &compact_task.input.input_levels {
             for t in &i.table_infos {
                 assert!(level_handlers[i.level_idx as usize].is_pending_compact(&t.sst_id));
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
index 4e6bb094d5a59..6aa64292b9db1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/checkpoint.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const HUMMOCK_INIT_FLAG_KEY: &[u8] = b"hummock_init_flag";
 impl HummockManager {
     /// # Panics
     /// if checkpoint is not found.
-    pub(crate) async fn read_checkpoint(&self) -> Result<HummockVersionCheckpoint> {
+    pub async fn read_checkpoint(&self) -> Result<HummockVersionCheckpoint> {
         use prost::Message;
         let data = match self
             .object_store
@@ -173,23 +173,23 @@ impl HummockManager {
             .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn pause_version_checkpoint(&self) {
+    pub fn pause_version_checkpoint(&self) {
         self.pause_version_checkpoint.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
         tracing::info!("hummock version checkpoint is paused.");
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn resume_version_checkpoint(&self) {
+    pub fn resume_version_checkpoint(&self) {
         self.pause_version_checkpoint
             .store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
         tracing::info!("hummock version checkpoint is resumed.");
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn is_version_checkpoint_paused(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_version_checkpoint_paused(&self) -> bool {
         self.pause_version_checkpoint.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
     #[named]
-    pub(crate) async fn get_checkpoint_version(&self) -> HummockVersion {
+    pub async fn get_checkpoint_version(&self) -> HummockVersion {
         let versioning_guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
         versioning_guard
             .checkpoint
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/context.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/context.rs
index 21751bb968421..b069a31ce5bd3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/context.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/context.rs
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
         Ok(invalid_context_ids)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn commit_epoch_sanity_check(
+    pub async fn commit_epoch_sanity_check(
         &self,
         epoch: HummockEpoch,
         sstables: &Vec<ExtendedSstableInfo>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 3a99dd898d1c9..d07337ca47e2b 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ pub enum CompactionResumeTrigger {
 }
 
 impl HummockManager {
-    pub(crate) async fn new(
+    pub async fn new(
         env: MetaSrvEnv,
         cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
         fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
index 9f9b0fd911bd4..bc2103635b59f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/worker.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub enum HummockManagerEvent {
 }
 
 impl HummockManager {
-    pub(crate) async fn start_worker(
+    pub async fn start_worker(
         self: &HummockManagerRef,
         mut receiver: HummockManagerEventReceiver,
     ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/compaction_group_config.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/model/compaction_group_config.rs
index 8331abac62017..fa1bd1f88b3bd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/model/compaction_group_config.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/model/compaction_group_config.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ use crate::model::{MetadataModel, MetadataModelResult};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct CompactionGroup {
-    pub(crate) group_id: CompactionGroupId,
-    pub(crate) compaction_config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
+    pub group_id: CompactionGroupId,
+    pub compaction_config: Arc<CompactionConfig>,
 }
 
 impl CompactionGroup {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index a5c52d5e3e0f3..afe66d27ad8e8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@
 
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
-#![feature(extract_if)]
-#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(map_try_insert)]
+#![feature(extract_if)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(btree_extract_if)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
@@ -29,6 +27,7 @@
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
 #![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![test_runner(risingwave_test_runner::test_runner::run_failpont_tests)]
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
@@ -36,341 +35,31 @@
 #![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 
 pub mod backup_restore;
-mod barrier;
+pub mod barrier;
 pub mod controller;
 #[cfg(not(madsim))] // no need in simulation test
-mod dashboard;
-mod error;
+pub mod dashboard;
+pub mod error;
 pub mod hummock;
 pub mod manager;
 pub mod model;
 pub mod model_v2;
-mod rpc;
-pub(crate) mod serving;
+pub mod rpc;
+pub mod serving;
 pub mod storage;
-mod stream;
-pub(crate) mod telemetry;
-
-use std::time::Duration;
+pub mod stream;
+pub mod telemetry;
 
-use clap::Parser;
 pub use error::{MetaError, MetaResult};
-use risingwave_common::config::OverrideConfig;
-use risingwave_common::util::resource_util;
-use risingwave_common::{GIT_SHA, RW_VERSION};
-use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::HeapProfiler;
 pub use rpc::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember, EtcdElectionClient};
 
 use crate::manager::MetaOpts;
-use crate::rpc::server::{rpc_serve, AddressInfo, MetaStoreBackend, MetaStoreSqlBackend};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser, OverrideConfig)]
-#[command(version, about = "The central metadata management service")]
-pub struct MetaNodeOpts {
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_VPC_ID")]
-    vpc_id: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_VPC_SECURITY_GROUP_ID")]
-    security_group_id: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_LISTEN_ADDR", default_value = "127.0.0.1:5690")]
-    listen_addr: String,
-
-    /// The address for contacting this instance of the service.
-    /// This would be synonymous with the service's "public address"
-    /// or "identifying address".
-    /// It will serve as a unique identifier in cluster
-    /// membership and leader election. Must be specified for etcd backend.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ADVERTISE_ADDR")]
-    advertise_addr: String,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DASHBOARD_HOST")]
-    dashboard_host: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PROMETHEUS_HOST")]
-    prometheus_host: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_ENDPOINTS", default_value_t = String::from(""))]
-    etcd_endpoints: String,
-
-    /// Enable authentication with etcd. By default disabled.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_AUTH")]
-    etcd_auth: bool,
-
-    /// Username of etcd, required when --etcd-auth is enabled.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_USERNAME", default_value = "")]
-    etcd_username: String,
-
-    /// Password of etcd, required when --etcd-auth is enabled.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_ETCD_PASSWORD", default_value = "")]
-    etcd_password: String,
-
-    /// Endpoint of the SQL service, make it non-option when SQL service is required.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_SQL_ENDPOINT")]
-    sql_endpoint: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DASHBOARD_UI_PATH")]
-    dashboard_ui_path: Option<String>,
-
-    /// For dashboard service to fetch cluster info.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PROMETHEUS_ENDPOINT")]
-    prometheus_endpoint: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Endpoint of the connector node, there will be a sidecar connector node
-    /// colocated with Meta node in the cloud environment
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_CONNECTOR_RPC_ENDPOINT")]
-    pub connector_rpc_endpoint: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Default tag for the endpoint created when creating a privatelink connection.
-    /// Will be appended to the tags specified in the `tags` field in with clause in `create
-    /// connection`.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT_DEFAULT_TAGS")]
-    pub privatelink_endpoint_default_tags: Option<String>,
-
-    /// The path of `risingwave.toml` configuration file.
-    ///
-    /// If empty, default configuration values will be used.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_CONFIG_PATH", default_value = "")]
-    pub config_path: String,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKEND", value_enum)]
-    #[override_opts(path = meta.backend)]
-    backend: Option<MetaBackend>,
-
-    /// The interval of periodic barrier.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BARRIER_INTERVAL_MS")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.barrier_interval_ms)]
-    barrier_interval_ms: Option<u32>,
-
-    /// Target size of the Sstable.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_SSTABLE_SIZE_MB")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.sstable_size_mb)]
-    sstable_size_mb: Option<u32>,
-
-    /// Size of each block in bytes in SST.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BLOCK_SIZE_KB")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.block_size_kb)]
-    block_size_kb: Option<u32>,
-
-    /// False positive probability of bloom filter.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BLOOM_FALSE_POSITIVE")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.bloom_false_positive)]
-    bloom_false_positive: Option<f64>,
-
-    /// State store url
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_STATE_STORE")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.state_store)]
-    state_store: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Remote directory for storing data and metadata objects.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DATA_DIRECTORY")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.data_directory)]
-    data_directory: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Whether config object storage bucket lifecycle to purge stale data.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_DO_NOT_CONFIG_BUCKET_LIFECYCLE")]
-    #[override_opts(path = meta.do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle)]
-    do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle: Option<bool>,
-
-    /// Remote storage url for storing snapshots.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKUP_STORAGE_URL")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.backup_storage_url)]
-    backup_storage_url: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Remote directory for storing snapshots.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_BACKUP_STORAGE_DIRECTORY")]
-    #[override_opts(path = system.backup_storage_directory)]
-    backup_storage_directory: Option<String>,
-
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
-    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms)]
-    pub object_store_streaming_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_STREAMING_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
-    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms)]
-    pub object_store_streaming_upload_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
-    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_upload_timeout_ms)]
-    pub object_store_upload_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_OBJECT_STORE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS", value_enum)]
-    #[override_opts(path = storage.object_store_read_timeout_ms)]
-    pub object_store_read_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
-
-    /// Enable heap profile dump when memory usage is high.
-    #[clap(long, env = "RW_HEAP_PROFILING_DIR")]
-    #[override_opts(path = server.heap_profiling.dir)]
-    pub heap_profiling_dir: Option<String>,
-}
-
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::pin::Pin;
-
-use risingwave_common::config::{load_config, MetaBackend, RwConfig};
-use tracing::info;
-
-/// Start meta node
-pub fn start(opts: MetaNodeOpts) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>> {
-    // WARNING: don't change the function signature. Making it `async fn` will cause
-    // slow compile in release mode.
-    Box::pin(async move {
-        info!("Starting meta node");
-        info!("> options: {:?}", opts);
-        let config = load_config(&opts.config_path, &opts);
-        info!("> config: {:?}", config);
-        info!("> version: {} ({})", RW_VERSION, GIT_SHA);
-        let listen_addr = opts.listen_addr.parse().unwrap();
-        let dashboard_addr = opts.dashboard_host.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap());
-        let prometheus_addr = opts.prometheus_host.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap());
-        let backend = match config.meta.backend {
-            MetaBackend::Etcd => MetaStoreBackend::Etcd {
-                endpoints: opts
-                    .etcd_endpoints
-                    .split(',')
-                    .map(|x| x.to_string())
-                    .collect(),
-                credentials: match opts.etcd_auth {
-                    true => Some((opts.etcd_username, opts.etcd_password)),
-                    false => None,
-                },
-            },
-            MetaBackend::Mem => MetaStoreBackend::Mem,
-        };
-        let sql_backend = opts
-            .sql_endpoint
-            .map(|endpoint| MetaStoreSqlBackend { endpoint });
-
-        validate_config(&config);
-
-        let total_memory_bytes = resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes();
-        let heap_profiler =
-            HeapProfiler::new(total_memory_bytes, config.server.heap_profiling.clone());
-        // Run a background heap profiler
-        heap_profiler.start();
-
-        let max_heartbeat_interval =
-            Duration::from_secs(config.meta.max_heartbeat_interval_secs as u64);
-        let max_idle_ms = config.meta.dangerous_max_idle_secs.unwrap_or(0) * 1000;
-        let in_flight_barrier_nums = config.streaming.in_flight_barrier_nums;
-        let privatelink_endpoint_default_tags =
-            opts.privatelink_endpoint_default_tags.map(|tags| {
-                tags.split(',')
-                    .map(|s| {
-                        let key_val = s.split_once('=').unwrap();
-                        (key_val.0.to_string(), key_val.1.to_string())
-                    })
-                    .collect()
-            });
-
-        let add_info = AddressInfo {
-            advertise_addr: opts.advertise_addr,
-            listen_addr,
-            prometheus_addr,
-            dashboard_addr,
-            ui_path: opts.dashboard_ui_path,
-        };
-
-        let (mut join_handle, leader_lost_handle, shutdown_send) = rpc_serve(
-            add_info,
-            backend,
-            sql_backend,
-            max_heartbeat_interval,
-            config.meta.meta_leader_lease_secs,
-            MetaOpts {
-                enable_recovery: !config.meta.disable_recovery,
-                in_flight_barrier_nums,
-                max_idle_ms,
-                compaction_deterministic_test: config.meta.enable_compaction_deterministic,
-                default_parallelism: config.meta.default_parallelism,
-                vacuum_interval_sec: config.meta.vacuum_interval_sec,
-                vacuum_spin_interval_ms: config.meta.vacuum_spin_interval_ms,
-                hummock_version_checkpoint_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .hummock_version_checkpoint_interval_sec,
-                min_delta_log_num_for_hummock_version_checkpoint: config
-                    .meta
-                    .min_delta_log_num_for_hummock_version_checkpoint,
-                min_sst_retention_time_sec: config.meta.min_sst_retention_time_sec,
-                full_gc_interval_sec: config.meta.full_gc_interval_sec,
-                collect_gc_watermark_spin_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .collect_gc_watermark_spin_interval_sec,
-                enable_committed_sst_sanity_check: config.meta.enable_committed_sst_sanity_check,
-                periodic_compaction_interval_sec: config.meta.periodic_compaction_interval_sec,
-                node_num_monitor_interval_sec: config.meta.node_num_monitor_interval_sec,
-                prometheus_endpoint: opts.prometheus_endpoint,
-                vpc_id: opts.vpc_id,
-                security_group_id: opts.security_group_id,
-                connector_rpc_endpoint: opts.connector_rpc_endpoint,
-                privatelink_endpoint_default_tags,
-                periodic_space_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .periodic_space_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
-                telemetry_enabled: config.server.telemetry_enabled,
-                periodic_ttl_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .periodic_ttl_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
-                periodic_tombstone_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .periodic_tombstone_reclaim_compaction_interval_sec,
-                periodic_split_compact_group_interval_sec: config
-                    .meta
-                    .periodic_split_compact_group_interval_sec,
-                split_group_size_limit: config.meta.split_group_size_limit,
-                min_table_split_size: config.meta.move_table_size_limit,
-                table_write_throughput_threshold: config.meta.table_write_throughput_threshold,
-                min_table_split_write_throughput: config.meta.min_table_split_write_throughput,
-                partition_vnode_count: config.meta.partition_vnode_count,
-                do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle: config
-                    .meta
-                    .do_not_config_object_storage_lifecycle,
-                compaction_task_max_heartbeat_interval_secs: config
-                    .meta
-                    .compaction_task_max_heartbeat_interval_secs,
-                compaction_config: Some(config.meta.compaction_config),
-            },
-            config.system.into_init_system_params(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-        tracing::info!("Meta server listening at {}", listen_addr);
-
-        match leader_lost_handle {
-            None => {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
-                        tracing::info!("receive ctrl+c");
-                        shutdown_send.send(()).unwrap();
-                        join_handle.await.unwrap()
-                    }
-                    res = &mut join_handle => res.unwrap(),
-                };
-            }
-            Some(mut handle) => {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    _ = &mut handle => {
-                        tracing::info!("receive leader lost signal");
-                        // When we lose leadership, we will exit as soon as possible.
-                    }
-                    _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
-                        tracing::info!("receive ctrl+c");
-                        shutdown_send.send(()).unwrap();
-                        join_handle.await.unwrap();
-                        handle.abort();
-                    }
-                    res = &mut join_handle => {
-                        res.unwrap();
-                        handle.abort();
-                    },
-                };
-            }
-        };
-    })
-}
 
-fn validate_config(config: &RwConfig) {
-    if config.meta.meta_leader_lease_secs <= 2 {
-        let error_msg = "meta leader lease secs should be larger than 2";
-        tracing::error!(error_msg);
-        panic!("{}", error_msg);
-    }
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum MetaStoreBackend {
+    Etcd {
+        endpoints: Vec<String>,
+        credentials: Option<(String, String)>,
+    },
+    Mem,
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
index 760c24e0df7bc..35642ed0ec143 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/mod.rs
@@ -18,20 +18,17 @@ mod env;
 mod id;
 mod idle;
 mod notification;
-pub(crate) mod sink_coordination;
+pub mod sink_coordination;
 mod streaming_job;
 mod system_param;
 
-pub(crate) use catalog::*;
-pub use cluster::WorkerKey;
-pub(crate) use cluster::*;
-pub use env::MetaSrvEnv;
-pub(crate) use env::*;
-pub(crate) use id::*;
-pub(crate) use idle::*;
-pub(crate) use notification::*;
-pub use notification::{LocalNotification, MessageStatus, NotificationManagerRef};
-pub(crate) use streaming_job::*;
-pub(crate) use system_param::*;
+pub use catalog::*;
+pub use cluster::{WorkerKey, *};
+pub use env::{MetaSrvEnv, *};
+pub use id::*;
+pub use idle::*;
+pub use notification::{LocalNotification, MessageStatus, NotificationManagerRef, *};
+pub use streaming_job::*;
+pub use system_param::*;
 
 pub use super::model_v2::prelude;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
index 0185fdc4f4630..79f4f5b753aa2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/coordinator_worker.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ macro_rules! send_await_with_err_check {
     };
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct CoordinatorWorker {
+pub struct CoordinatorWorker {
     param: SinkParam,
     request_streams: Vec<SinkWriterRequestStream>,
     response_senders: Vec<SinkCoordinatorResponseSender>,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CoordinatorWorker {
 }
 
 impl CoordinatorWorker {
-    pub(crate) async fn run(
+    pub async fn run(
         first_writer_request: NewSinkWriterRequest,
         request_rx: UnboundedReceiver<NewSinkWriterRequest>,
     ) {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl CoordinatorWorker {
         });
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn execute_coordinator(
+    pub async fn execute_coordinator(
         first_writer_request: NewSinkWriterRequest,
         request_rx: UnboundedReceiver<NewSinkWriterRequest>,
         coordinator: impl SinkCommitCoordinator,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
index a7d15bd452f34..720a698fa8e72 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/manager.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub struct SinkCoordinatorManager {
 }
 
 impl SinkCoordinatorManager {
-    pub(crate) fn start_worker() -> (Self, (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>)) {
+    pub fn start_worker() -> (Self, (JoinHandle<()>, Sender<()>)) {
         Self::start_worker_with_spawn_worker(|writer_request, manager_request_stream| {
             tokio::spawn(CoordinatorWorker::run(
                 writer_request,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl SinkCoordinatorManager {
         )
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn handle_new_request(
+    pub async fn handle_new_request(
         &self,
         mut request_stream: SinkWriterRequestStream,
     ) -> Result<impl Stream<Item = Result<CoordinateResponse, Status>>, Status> {
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ impl SinkCoordinatorManager {
         info!("successfully stop coordinator: {:?}", sink_id);
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn reset(&self) {
+    pub async fn reset(&self) {
         self.stop_coordinator(None).await;
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn stop_sink_coordinator(&self, sink_id: SinkId) {
+    pub async fn stop_sink_coordinator(&self, sink_id: SinkId) {
         self.stop_coordinator(Some(sink_id)).await;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/mod.rs
index 30786c8721e97..fe861e2175343 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/sink_coordination/mod.rs
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ mod coordinator_worker;
 mod manager;
 
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
-pub(crate) use manager::SinkCoordinatorManager;
+pub use manager::SinkCoordinatorManager;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkParam;
 use risingwave_pb::connector_service::{CoordinateRequest, CoordinateResponse};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender;
 use tonic::Status;
 
-pub(crate) type SinkWriterRequestStream = BoxStream<'static, Result<CoordinateRequest, Status>>;
-pub(crate) type SinkCoordinatorResponseSender = Sender<Result<CoordinateResponse, Status>>;
+pub type SinkWriterRequestStream = BoxStream<'static, Result<CoordinateRequest, Status>>;
+pub type SinkCoordinatorResponseSender = Sender<Result<CoordinateResponse, Status>>;
 
-pub(crate) struct NewSinkWriterRequest {
-    pub(crate) request_stream: SinkWriterRequestStream,
-    pub(crate) response_tx: SinkCoordinatorResponseSender,
-    pub(crate) param: SinkParam,
-    pub(crate) vnode_bitmap: Bitmap,
+pub struct NewSinkWriterRequest {
+    pub request_stream: SinkWriterRequestStream,
+    pub response_tx: SinkCoordinatorResponseSender,
+    pub param: SinkParam,
+    pub vnode_bitmap: Bitmap,
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
index 6b3e71fe20092..611de4120a787 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub enum StreamingJob {
 }
 
 impl StreamingJob {
-    pub(crate) fn mark_created(&mut self) {
+    pub fn mark_created(&mut self) {
         let created_at_epoch = Some(Epoch::now().0);
         match self {
             StreamingJob::MaterializedView(table) => table.created_at_epoch = created_at_epoch,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl StreamingJob {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn mark_initialized(&mut self) {
+    pub fn mark_initialized(&mut self) {
         let initialized_at_epoch = Some(Epoch::now().0);
         match self {
             StreamingJob::MaterializedView(table) => {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/model/cluster.rs
index 882f48b6dc8c4..3d654a1d6b8c9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model/cluster.rs
@@ -128,8 +128,14 @@ const CLUSTER_ID_KEY: &[u8] = "cluster_id".as_bytes();
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct ClusterId(String);
 
+impl Default for ClusterId {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
 impl ClusterId {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self(Uuid::new_v4().to_string())
     }
 
@@ -139,15 +145,13 @@ impl ClusterId {
         ))
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn from_meta_store<S: MetaStore>(
+    pub async fn from_meta_store<S: MetaStore>(
         meta_store: &S,
     ) -> MetadataModelResult<Option<Self>> {
         Self::from_snapshot::<S>(&meta_store.snapshot().await).await
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn from_snapshot<S: MetaStore>(
-        s: &S::Snapshot,
-    ) -> MetadataModelResult<Option<Self>> {
+    pub async fn from_snapshot<S: MetaStore>(s: &S::Snapshot) -> MetadataModelResult<Option<Self>> {
         match s.get_cf(CLUSTER_ID_CF_NAME, CLUSTER_ID_KEY).await {
             Ok(bytes) => Ok(Some(Self::from_bytes(bytes)?)),
             Err(e) => match e {
@@ -157,10 +161,7 @@ impl ClusterId {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn put_at_meta_store<S: MetaStore>(
-        &self,
-        meta_store: &S,
-    ) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
+    pub async fn put_at_meta_store<S: MetaStore>(&self, meta_store: &S) -> MetadataModelResult<()> {
         Ok(meta_store
             .put_cf(
                 CLUSTER_ID_CF_NAME,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs b/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
index 5dd8f53e249b0..10fe5abe8aeaa 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
@@ -48,22 +48,22 @@ pub struct TableFragments {
     state: State,
 
     /// The table fragments.
-    pub(crate) fragments: BTreeMap<FragmentId, Fragment>,
+    pub fragments: BTreeMap<FragmentId, Fragment>,
 
     /// The status of actors
-    pub(crate) actor_status: BTreeMap<ActorId, ActorStatus>,
+    pub actor_status: BTreeMap<ActorId, ActorStatus>,
 
     /// The splits of actors
-    pub(crate) actor_splits: HashMap<ActorId, Vec<SplitImpl>>,
+    pub actor_splits: HashMap<ActorId, Vec<SplitImpl>>,
 
     /// The environment associated with this stream plan and its fragments
-    pub(crate) env: StreamEnvironment,
+    pub env: StreamEnvironment,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct StreamEnvironment {
     /// The timezone used to interpret timestamps and dates for conversion
-    pub(crate) timezone: Option<String>,
+    pub timezone: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl StreamEnvironment {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index 3ad5df55a997c..722cce94b866a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ impl CreatingStreamingJobPermit {
 }
 
 impl DdlController {
-    pub(crate) async fn new(
+    pub async fn new(
         env: MetaSrvEnv,
         catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
         stream_manager: GlobalStreamManagerRef,
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl DdlController {
     /// has been interrupted during executing, the request will be cancelled by tonic. Since we have
     /// a lot of logic for revert, status management, notification and so on, ensuring consistency
     /// would be a huge hassle and pain if we don't spawn here.
-    pub(crate) async fn run_command(&self, command: DdlCommand) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+    pub async fn run_command(&self, command: DdlCommand) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         self.check_barrier_manager_status().await?;
         let ctrl = self.clone();
         let fut = async move {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         tokio::spawn(fut).await.unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) async fn get_ddl_progress(&self) -> Vec<DdlProgress> {
+    pub async fn get_ddl_progress(&self) -> Vec<DdlProgress> {
         self.barrier_manager.get_ddl_progress().await
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
index b6bd02b179c26..af8081f170089 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ pub struct SqlBackendElectionClient<T: SqlDriver> {
 }
 
 #[derive(sqlx::FromRow, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct ElectionRow {
+pub struct ElectionRow {
     service: String,
     id: String,
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub(crate) trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
+pub trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()>;
 
     async fn try_campaign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str, ttl: i64)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
     async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()>;
 }
 
-pub(crate) trait SqlDriverCommon {
+pub trait SqlDriverCommon {
     const ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_leader";
     const ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_members";
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
index f11bbe7f41138..3183007753cbd 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/metrics.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
 use crate::hummock::HummockManagerRef;
 use crate::manager::{CatalogManagerRef, ClusterManagerRef, FragmentManagerRef};
-use crate::rpc::server::ElectionClientRef;
+use crate::rpc::ElectionClientRef;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MetaMetrics {
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ impl Default for MetaMetrics {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn start_worker_info_monitor(
+pub fn start_worker_info_monitor(
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
     election_client: Option<ElectionClientRef>,
     interval: Duration,
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ pub async fn start_worker_info_monitor(
     (join_handle, shutdown_tx)
 }
 
-pub async fn start_fragment_info_monitor(
+pub fn start_fragment_info_monitor(
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
     catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
     fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
index 36380c4d2dafb..99f1b51eaafce 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/mod.rs
@@ -12,19 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-mod cloud_provider;
+pub mod cloud_provider;
 pub mod ddl_controller;
 pub mod election;
-mod intercept;
+pub mod intercept;
 pub mod metrics;
-pub mod server;
-pub mod service;
+
+pub type ElectionClientRef = std::sync::Arc<dyn ElectionClient>;
 
 pub use election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
 pub use election::{ElectionClient, ElectionMember};
-pub use service::cluster_service::ClusterServiceImpl;
-pub use service::ddl_service::DdlServiceImpl;
-pub use service::heartbeat_service::HeartbeatServiceImpl;
-pub use service::hummock_service::HummockServiceImpl;
-pub use service::notification_service::NotificationServiceImpl;
-pub use service::stream_service::StreamServiceImpl;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/serving/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/serving/mod.rs
index f6d1a5b1aa714..521a8b9ad1c0d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/serving/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/serving/mod.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ fn to_deleted_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(
         .collect()
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn on_meta_start(
+pub async fn on_meta_start(
     notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef,
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
     fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn on_meta_start(
     );
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn start_serving_vnode_mapping_worker(
+pub async fn start_serving_vnode_mapping_worker(
     notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef,
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
     fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/scale.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/scale.rs
index a125d61d91703..afe6186165e22 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/scale.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/scale.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub struct RescheduleOptions {
     pub resolve_no_shuffle_upstream: bool,
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct RescheduleContext {
+pub struct RescheduleContext {
     /// Index used to map `ParallelUnitId` to `WorkerId`
     parallel_unit_id_to_worker_id: BTreeMap<ParallelUnitId, WorkerId>,
     /// Meta information for all Actors
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ impl RescheduleContext {
 /// assert to fail and should be skipped from the upper level.
 ///
 /// The return value is the bitmap distribution after scaling, which covers all virtual node indexes
-pub(crate) fn rebalance_actor_vnode(
+pub fn rebalance_actor_vnode(
     actors: &[StreamActor],
     actors_to_remove: &BTreeSet<ActorId>,
     actors_to_create: &BTreeSet<ActorId>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
index fa3159f6657ec..1cd666e5d7160 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/source_manager.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub type SourceManagerRef = Arc<SourceManager>;
 pub type SplitAssignment = HashMap<FragmentId, HashMap<ActorId, Vec<SplitImpl>>>;
 
 pub struct SourceManager {
-    pub(crate) paused: Mutex<()>,
+    pub paused: Mutex<()>,
     env: MetaSrvEnv,
     barrier_scheduler: BarrierScheduler,
     core: Mutex<SourceManagerCore>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
index 46d6c5cb1ea22..44198f65635cb 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
@@ -159,26 +159,26 @@ pub struct ReplaceTableContext {
 
 /// `GlobalStreamManager` manages all the streams in the system.
 pub struct GlobalStreamManager {
-    pub(crate) env: MetaSrvEnv,
+    pub env: MetaSrvEnv,
 
     /// Manages definition and status of fragments and actors
     pub(super) fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
 
     /// Broadcasts and collect barriers
-    pub(crate) barrier_scheduler: BarrierScheduler,
+    pub barrier_scheduler: BarrierScheduler,
 
     /// Maintains information of the cluster
-    pub(crate) cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
+    pub cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef,
 
     /// Maintains streaming sources from external system like kafka
-    pub(crate) source_manager: SourceManagerRef,
+    pub source_manager: SourceManagerRef,
 
     /// Creating streaming job info.
     creating_job_info: CreatingStreamingJobInfoRef,
 
     hummock_manager: HummockManagerRef,
 
-    pub(crate) reschedule_lock: RwLock<()>,
+    pub reschedule_lock: RwLock<()>,
 }
 
 impl GlobalStreamManager {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/telemetry.rs b/src/meta/src/telemetry.rs
index 774b3cdda8146..fbbc89c2ff0ec 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/telemetry.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/telemetry.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct NodeCount {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub(crate) struct MetaTelemetryReport {
+pub struct MetaTelemetryReport {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     base: TelemetryReportBase,
     node_count: NodeCount,
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ pub(crate) struct MetaTelemetryReport {
 
 impl TelemetryReport for MetaTelemetryReport {}
 
-pub(crate) struct MetaTelemetryInfoFetcher {
+pub struct MetaTelemetryInfoFetcher {
     tracking_id: ClusterId,
 }
 
 impl MetaTelemetryInfoFetcher {
-    pub(crate) fn new(tracking_id: ClusterId) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(tracking_id: ClusterId) -> Self {
         Self { tracking_id }
     }
 }
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ impl TelemetryInfoFetcher for MetaTelemetryInfoFetcher {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct MetaReportCreator {
+pub struct MetaReportCreator {
     cluster_mgr: Arc<ClusterManager>,
     meta_backend: MetaBackend,
 }
 
 impl MetaReportCreator {
-    pub(crate) fn new(cluster_mgr: Arc<ClusterManager>, meta_backend: MetaBackend) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(cluster_mgr: Arc<ClusterManager>, meta_backend: MetaBackend) -> Self {
         Self {
             cluster_mgr,
             meta_backend,
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ impl MetaReportCreator {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TelemetryReportCreator for MetaReportCreator {
+    #[expect(refining_impl_trait)]
     async fn create_report(
         &self,
         tracking_id: String,
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
index 6bbcbd2ebf3e2..3e744bb61608d 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 //! response gRPC message structs.
 
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
diff --git a/src/source/Cargo.toml b/src/source/Cargo.toml
index bf60bc45f7395..aedb0b9158908 100644
--- a/src/source/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/source/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1"
-easy-ext = "1"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 itertools = "0.11"
diff --git a/src/source/src/lib.rs b/src/source/src/lib.rs
index 1a4f5d5f47280..1a32888cdf651 100644
--- a/src/source/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(generators)]
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index 0797c462d61e5..f1022ab2fd935 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
 normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1"
 arc-swap = "1"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
index 330dfbc4de44c..3e0549db188a2 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
index 54d48a88923a6..e6e985b2ba424 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,12 +15,10 @@ ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
 normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = "1"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@ risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_storage = { workspace = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "fs",
     "rt",
diff --git a/src/storage/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
index 72b925170a6ef..c5ffe656ab893 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #![feature(allocator_api)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(bound_as_ref)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
diff --git a/src/stream/Cargo.toml b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
index 9039f34d89a5d..9e9e77b92ceec 100644
--- a/src/stream/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/stream/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
 bytes = "1"
-dyn-clone = "1"
 educe = "0.4"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
@@ -33,16 +32,13 @@ governor = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "jitter",
 ] }
 hytra = "0.1.2"
-iter-chunks = "0.1"
 itertools = "0.11"
 local_stats_alloc = { path = "../utils/local_stats_alloc" }
 lru = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/lru-rs.git", rev = "cb2d7c7" }
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 memcomparable = "0.2"
 multimap = "0.9"
-num-traits = "0.2"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-parse-display = "0.8"
 pin-project = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", features = ["process"] }
 prost = { workspace = true }
@@ -57,7 +53,6 @@ risingwave_source = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_storage = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = "1"
 smallvec = "1"
-spin = "0.9"
 static_assertions = "1"
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
diff --git a/src/stream/src/lib.rs b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
index afa1d3faeee22..5a68b1b712b26 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(more_qualified_paths)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
-#![feature(binary_heap_drain_sorted)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/compaction_test/Cargo.toml
index dd3e5d0a53699..87ad5946b26d5 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ risingwave_compactor = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_test = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta_node = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_object_store = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
index 3e2f993cf9613..cf3e35b48c692 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/compaction_test_runner.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ pub async fn compaction_test_main(
 }
 
 pub async fn start_meta_node(listen_addr: String, state_store: String, config_path: String) {
-    let meta_opts = risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from([
+    let meta_opts = risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from([
         "meta-node",
         "--listen-addr",
         &listen_addr,
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub async fn start_meta_node(listen_addr: String, state_store: String, config_pa
         "enable_compaction_deterministic should be set"
     );
 
-    risingwave_meta::start(meta_opts).await
+    risingwave_meta_node::start(meta_opts).await
 }
 
 async fn start_compactor_node(
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
index c79c324ba51ec..b81be65edae42 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/Cargo.toml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ risingwave_ctl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_e2e_extended_mode_test = { path = "../e2e_extended_mode" }
 risingwave_expr_impl = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_frontend = { workspace = true }
-risingwave_meta = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_meta_node = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_sqlparser = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs b/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
index 4eb60e7af14dc..6cc6168513cd4 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/src/cluster.rs
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl Cluster {
 
         // meta node
         for i in 1..=conf.meta_nodes {
-            let opts = risingwave_meta::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from([
+            let opts = risingwave_meta_node::MetaNodeOpts::parse_from([
                 "meta-node",
                 "--config-path",
                 conf.config_path.as_str(),
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ impl Cluster {
                 .create_node()
                 .name(format!("meta-{i}"))
                 .ip([192, 168, 1, i as u8].into())
-                .init(move || risingwave_meta::start(opts.clone()))
+                .init(move || risingwave_meta_node::start(opts.clone()))
                 .build();
         }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
index a977f35e67dd2..8bd4e49d808a9 100644
--- a/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ normal = ["workspace-hack"]
 
 [dependencies]
 await-tree = { workspace = true }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
-    "clock",
-    "std",
-] }
 console = "0.15"
 console-subscriber = "0.2.0"
 either = "1"
@@ -29,7 +25,6 @@ opentelemetry-otlp = { version = "0.13" }
 opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = "0.12"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
 pprof = { version = "0.13", features = ["flamegraph"] }
-prometheus = { version = "0.13" }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_variables = { workspace = true }
 rlimit = "0.10"

From 52f4c630ba60a4a2e2c7915e776744d3cbcfb901 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 03:10:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 377/430] fix: don't count file cache buffer pool size if
 disabled (#12941)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs | 51 ++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 3ae47729b336a..0323cb2ddc093 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -163,22 +163,30 @@ pub fn storage_memory_config(
     //
     // Adding more buffers can prevent allocators from waiting for buffers to be freed by flushers.
 
-    let data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = storage_config
-        .data_file_cache
-        .buffer_pool_size_mb
-        .unwrap_or(
-            storage_config.data_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
-                * (storage_config.data_file_cache.flushers
-                    + 2 * (1 << storage_config.data_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
-        );
-    let meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = storage_config
-        .meta_file_cache
-        .buffer_pool_size_mb
-        .unwrap_or(
-            storage_config.meta_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
-                * (storage_config.meta_file_cache.flushers
-                    + 2 * (1 << storage_config.meta_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
-        );
+    let data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = if storage_config.data_file_cache.dir.is_empty() {
+        0
+    } else {
+        storage_config
+            .data_file_cache
+            .buffer_pool_size_mb
+            .unwrap_or(
+                storage_config.data_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
+                    * (storage_config.data_file_cache.flushers
+                        + 2 * (1 << storage_config.data_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
+            )
+    };
+    let meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb = if storage_config.meta_file_cache.dir.is_empty() {
+        0
+    } else {
+        storage_config
+            .meta_file_cache
+            .buffer_pool_size_mb
+            .unwrap_or(
+                storage_config.meta_file_cache.file_capacity_mb
+                    * (storage_config.meta_file_cache.flushers
+                        + 2 * (1 << storage_config.meta_file_cache.allocation_bits)),
+            )
+    };
 
     let compactor_memory_limit_mb = storage_config.compactor_memory_limit_mb.unwrap_or(
         ((non_reserved_memory_bytes as f64 * compactor_memory_proportion).ceil() as usize) >> 20,
@@ -238,6 +246,17 @@ mod tests {
         let mut storage_config = StorageConfig::default();
         let total_non_reserved_memory_bytes = 8 << 30;
 
+        let memory_config =
+            storage_memory_config(total_non_reserved_memory_bytes, true, &storage_config);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.block_cache_capacity_mb, 737);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.meta_cache_capacity_mb, 860);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.shared_buffer_capacity_mb, 737);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.data_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 0);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.meta_file_cache_buffer_pool_capacity_mb, 0);
+        assert_eq!(memory_config.compactor_memory_limit_mb, 819);
+
+        storage_config.data_file_cache.dir = "data".to_string();
+        storage_config.meta_file_cache.dir = "meta".to_string();
         let memory_config =
             storage_memory_config(total_non_reserved_memory_bytes, true, &storage_config);
         assert_eq!(memory_config.block_cache_capacity_mb, 737);

From 09087404564d23d1e23f29d0f5524261aceea1d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Zhanxiang (Patrick) Huang" <hzxa21@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 16:18:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 378/430] fix(risedev): fill-in CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH if set
 (#12928)

---
 src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs               | 6 ------
 src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs | 8 ++++++++
 src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs    | 8 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
index ac36d475b83c3..79df34bd815dc 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/config/src/main.rs
@@ -396,12 +396,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         )?;
         if chosen.contains(&component) {
             writeln!(file, "{}=true", component.env())?;
-            if component == Components::BuildConnectorNode {
-                writeln!(
-                    file,
-                    "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH=.risingwave/bin/connector-node/libs/"
-                )?;
-            }
         } else {
             writeln!(file, "# {}=true", component.env())?;
         }
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
index 5bb9c23cbf21f..ced6bec115f6a 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/compute_node_service.rs
@@ -102,6 +102,14 @@ impl Task for ComputeNodeService {
             cmd.env("MALLOC_CONF", conf); // unprefixed for linux
         }
 
+        if crate::util::is_env_set("ENABLE_BUILD_RW_CONNECTOR") {
+            let prefix_bin = env::var("PREFIX_BIN")?;
+            cmd.env(
+                "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH",
+                Path::new(&prefix_bin).join("connector-node/libs/"),
+            );
+        }
+
         cmd.arg("--config-path")
             .arg(Path::new(&prefix_config).join("risingwave.toml"));
         Self::apply_command_args(&mut cmd, &self.config)?;
diff --git a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
index 1b53af8f9b544..2494a9eceaf16 100644
--- a/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
+++ b/src/risedevtool/src/task/meta_node_service.rs
@@ -186,6 +186,14 @@ impl Task for MetaNodeService {
             cmd.env("MALLOC_CONF", conf); // unprefixed for linux
         }
 
+        if crate::util::is_env_set("ENABLE_BUILD_RW_CONNECTOR") {
+            let prefix_bin = env::var("PREFIX_BIN")?;
+            cmd.env(
+                "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH",
+                Path::new(&prefix_bin).join("connector-node/libs/"),
+            );
+        }
+
         Self::apply_command_args(&mut cmd, &self.config, HummockInMemoryStrategy::Isolated)?;
 
         let prefix_config = env::var("PREFIX_CONFIG")?;

From de2b8565e41ab7dd13514eb582107721c9b248f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 16:46:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 379/430] fix: fix alter index rename (#12944)

---
 e2e_test/ddl/alter_rename_relation.slt | 5 +++++
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs    | 1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/e2e_test/ddl/alter_rename_relation.slt b/e2e_test/ddl/alter_rename_relation.slt
index fe4f16fec12bd..df085a273b0a9 100644
--- a/e2e_test/ddl/alter_rename_relation.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/ddl/alter_rename_relation.slt
@@ -128,6 +128,11 @@ public.mv_on_v1 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_on_v1 AS SELECT * FROM v5 AS v1
 statement ok
 ALTER INDEX idx RENAME TO idx1;
 
+query TT
+SHOW CREATE INDEX idx1;
+----
+public.idx1 CREATE INDEX idx1 ON t2(v1)
+
 statement ok
 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,(1,(1,2)));
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index e1c13c315a377..be3ed42b01b4d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -1591,6 +1591,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         // 2. rename index name.
         index.name = index_name.to_string();
         index_table.name = index_name.to_string();
+        index_table.definition = alter_relation_rename(&index_table.definition, index_name);
         let mut indexes = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.indexes);
         let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.tables);
         indexes.insert(index_id, index.clone());

From d7e5772dc1cb7d040ea53ce10782a7e738568e17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 17:03:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 380/430] chore: update deps for feature store demo (#12897)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 integration_tests/feature-store/Dockerfile    |   20 +-
 integration_tests/feature-store/README.md     |   16 +-
 .../feature-store/docker-compose.yml          |    1 -
 .../feature-store/server/Cargo.lock           | 1113 ++++++++++-------
 .../feature-store/server/Cargo.toml           |   19 +-
 .../server/model/requirements.txt             |    8 +-
 .../feature-store/server/src/feature_store.rs |    8 +-
 .../feature-store/server/src/main.rs          |   22 +-
 .../feature-store/server/src/model.rs         |  232 ++--
 .../feature-store/server/src/server_pb.rs     |  468 ++++---
 .../feature-store/server/src/serving.rs       |   11 +-
 .../feature-store/simulator/Cargo.lock        |  890 ++++++-------
 .../feature-store/simulator/Cargo.toml        |   17 +-
 .../feature-store/simulator/rust-toolchain    |    3 +-
 .../feature-store/simulator/src/entities.rs   |    6 +-
 .../simulator/src/entities_taxi.rs            |    2 +-
 .../feature-store/simulator/src/main.rs       |   14 +-
 .../feature-store/simulator/src/server_pb.rs  |  442 ++++---
 .../feature-store/simulator/src/simulation.rs |    8 +-
 19 files changed, 1891 insertions(+), 1409 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/Dockerfile b/integration_tests/feature-store/Dockerfile
index dc0d02bd79682..7aadc5fb15d72 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/Dockerfile
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-FROM rust:1.67 as feature-store-server
+FROM ubuntu:20.04 AS feature-store-server
 ARG BUILD_ARG
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
 USER root
 
@@ -9,8 +10,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p $WORK_DIR
 WORKDIR $WORK_DIR
 
 RUN apt update
-RUN apt install -y python3 python3-pip wget ca-certificates
-RUN apt install -y postgresql-client
+RUN apt install -y lsof curl openssl libssl-dev pkg-config build-essential \
+    cmake \
+    python3 python3-pip wget ca-certificates \
+    postgresql-client \
+    protobuf-compiler
 
 ADD ./server/model/requirements.txt $WORK_DIR/model-pipreqs.txt
 ADD ./generator/requirements.txt $WORK_DIR/generator-pipreqs.txt
@@ -19,8 +23,8 @@ RUN pip3 install -r $WORK_DIR/model-pipreqs.txt
 RUN pip3 install -r $WORK_DIR/generator-pipreqs.txt
 RUN pip3 install risingwave
 
-RUN apt install -y lsof curl openssl libssl-dev pkg-config build-essential
-RUN apt install -y cmake librdkafka-dev
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
 
 # Install .NET 6.0
 RUN wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/11/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
@@ -49,11 +53,11 @@ ADD ./run.sh $WORK_DIR/run-sh/
 ADD ./run-mfa.sh $WORK_DIR/run-sh/
 
 RUN if [ "$BUILD_ARG" = "mfa" ]; then \
-        cp $WORK_DIR/run-sh/run-mfa.sh $WORK_DIR/run.sh;\
+    cp $WORK_DIR/run-sh/run-mfa.sh $WORK_DIR/run.sh;\
     else \
-        cp $WORK_DIR/run-sh/run.sh $WORK_DIR/run.sh;\
+    cp $WORK_DIR/run-sh/run.sh $WORK_DIR/run.sh;\
     fi
 
 RUN chmod +x $WORK_DIR/run.sh && rm -rf $WORK_DIR/run-sh
 
-CMD ["sh", "-c", "sleep 10 && ./run.sh"]
\ No newline at end of file
+CMD ["sh", "-c", "sleep 10 && ./run.sh"]
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/README.md b/integration_tests/feature-store/README.md
index 425efadf27c68..f74c679e73ffb 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/README.md
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/README.md
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ When a user needs to make a prediction using these features, they can provide th
 
 1. Build docker. Kafka RisingWave and Feature Store.
 
-```docker compose up --build```
+```
+docker compose up --build
+```
 
 
 The Feature Store system performs several tasks in sequence:
@@ -40,7 +42,9 @@ The Feature Store system performs several tasks in sequence:
 
 2. Then we can get the simulation results for Feature store in `.log`.
 
-```cat .log/simulator_log```
+```
+cat .log/simulator_log
+```
 
 # Account change feature store
 #### Case Description
@@ -53,8 +57,12 @@ In this case, we need to calculate the frequency and count of user account chang
 
 1. Build docker. Kafka RisingWave and Feature Store.
 
-```docker compose build --build-arg BUILD_ARG=mfa```
+```
+docker compose build --build-arg BUILD_ARG=mfa
+```
 
 2. Then we can get the simulation results for Feature store in `.log`.
 
-```cat .log/simulator_log```
\ No newline at end of file
+```
+cat .log/simulator_log
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/docker-compose.yml b/integration_tests/feature-store/docker-compose.yml
index d212a80369a38..caa950ea87ccd 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/docker-compose.yml
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ services:
       - "./mfa-start.sql:/mfa-start.sql"
       - "./mfa-mock.sql:/mfa-mock.sql"
   feature-store:
-    image: rust:1.67
     build:
       context: .
       target: feature-store-server
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.lock b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.lock
index a678176645772..452bbfe3db14d 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.lock
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.lock
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version = 3
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
-version = "0.20.0"
+version = "0.21.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f4fa78e18c64fce05e902adecd7a5eed15a5e0a3439f7b0e169f0252214865e3"
+checksum = "8a30b2e23b9e17a9f90641c7ab1549cd9b44f296d3ccbf309d2863cfe398a0cb"
 dependencies = [
  "gimli",
 ]
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "2c99f64d1e06488f620f932677e24bc6e2897582980441ae90a671415bd7ec2f"
 dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
  "version_check",
@@ -30,27 +31,72 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "43f6cb1bf222025340178f382c426f13757b2960e89779dfcb319c32542a5a41"
+checksum = "b2969dcb958b36655471fc61f7e416fa76033bdd4bfed0678d8fee1e2d07a1f0"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ansi_term"
-version = "0.12.1"
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0942ffc6dcaadf03badf6e6a2d0228460359d5e34b57ccdc720b7382dfbd5ec5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d52a9bb7ec0cf484c551830a7ce27bd20d67eac647e1befb56b0be4ee39a55d2"
+checksum = "2ab91ebe16eb252986481c5b62f6098f3b698a45e34b5b98200cf20dd2484a44"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi",
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7079075b41f533b8c61d2a4d073c4676e1f8b249ff94a393b0595db304e0dd87"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "317b9a89c1868f5ea6ff1d9539a69f45dffc21ce321ac1fd1160dfa48c8e2140"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ca11d4be1bab0c8bc8734a9aa7bf4ee8316d462a08c6ac5052f888fef5b494b"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0699d10d2f4d628a98ee7b57b289abbc98ff3bad977cb3152709d4bf2330628"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.72"
+version = "1.0.75"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3b13c32d80ecc7ab747b80c3784bce54ee8a7a0cc4fbda9bf4cda2cf6fe90854"
+checksum = "a4668cab20f66d8d020e1fbc0ebe47217433c1b6c8f2040faf858554e394ace6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-stream"
@@ -71,40 +117,29 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-trait"
-version = "0.1.72"
+version = "0.1.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc6dde6e4ed435a4c1ee4e73592f5ba9da2151af10076cc04858746af9352d09"
+checksum = "a66537f1bb974b254c98ed142ff995236e81b9d0fe4db0575f46612cb15eb0f9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "atoi"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "616896e05fc0e2649463a93a15183c6a16bf03413a7af88ef1285ddedfa9cda5"
+checksum = "f28d99ec8bfea296261ca1af174f24225171fea9664ba9003cbebee704810528"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.1.19",
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -113,9 +148,9 @@ checksum = "d468802bab17cbc0cc575e9b053f41e72aa36bfa6b7f55e3529ffa43161b97fa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum"
-version = "0.5.17"
+version = "0.6.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "acee9fd5073ab6b045a275b3e709c163dd36c90685219cb21804a147b58dba43"
+checksum = "3b829e4e32b91e643de6eafe82b1d90675f5874230191a4ffbc1b336dec4d6bf"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "axum-core",
@@ -131,20 +166,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "mime",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
  "serde",
  "sync_wrapper",
- "tokio",
  "tower",
- "tower-http",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum-core"
-version = "0.2.9"
+version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37e5939e02c56fecd5c017c37df4238c0a839fa76b7f97acdd7efb804fd181cc"
+checksum = "759fa577a247914fd3f7f76d62972792636412fbfd634cd452f6a385a74d2d2c"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
@@ -152,15 +186,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "http-body",
  "mime",
+ "rustversion",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "backtrace"
-version = "0.3.68"
+version = "0.3.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4319208da049c43661739c5fade2ba182f09d1dc2299b32298d3a31692b17e12"
+checksum = "2089b7e3f35b9dd2d0ed921ead4f6d318c27680d4a5bd167b3ee120edb105837"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
  "cc",
@@ -173,15 +208,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
+checksum = "9ba43ea6f343b788c8764558649e08df62f86c6ef251fdaeb1ffd010a9ae50a2"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.21.2"
+name = "base64ct"
+version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "604178f6c5c21f02dc555784810edfb88d34ac2c73b2eae109655649ee73ce3d"
+checksum = "8c3c1a368f70d6cf7302d78f8f7093da241fb8e8807c05cc9e51a125895a6d5b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -191,9 +226,12 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.3.3"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "630be753d4e58660abd17930c71b647fe46c27ea6b63cc59e1e3851406972e42"
+checksum = "327762f6e5a765692301e5bb513e0d9fef63be86bbc14528052b1cd3e6f03e07"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
@@ -206,27 +244,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.13.0"
+version = "3.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3e2c3daef883ecc1b5d58c15adae93470a91d425f3532ba1695849656af3fc1"
+checksum = "7f30e7476521f6f8af1a1c4c0b8cc94f0bee37d91763d0ca2665f299b6cd8aec"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.4.3"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
+checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89b2fd2a0dcf38d7971e2194b6b6eebab45ae01067456a7fd93d5547a61b70be"
+checksum = "a2bd12c1caf447e69cd4528f47f94d203fd2582878ecb9e9465484c4148a8223"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.82"
+version = "1.0.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "305fe645edc1442a0fa8b6726ba61d422798d37a52e12eaecf4b022ebbb88f01"
+checksum = "f1174fb0b6ec23863f8b971027804a42614e347eafb0a95bf0b12cdae21fc4d0"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -239,19 +277,31 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "2.34.0"
+version = "4.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a0610544180c38b88101fecf2dd634b174a62eef6946f84dfc6a7127512b381c"
+checksum = "d04704f56c2cde07f43e8e2c154b43f216dc5c92fc98ada720177362f953b956"
 dependencies = [
- "ansi_term",
- "atty",
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "clap_builder",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e231faeaca65ebd1ea3c737966bf858971cd38c3849107aa3ea7de90a804e45"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "clap_lex",
  "strsim",
- "textwrap",
- "unicode-width",
- "vec_map",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_lex"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd7cc57abe963c6d3b9d8be5b06ba7c8957a930305ca90304f24ef040aa6f961"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cmake"
 version = "0.1.50"
@@ -261,6 +311,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "const-oid"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "28c122c3980598d243d63d9a704629a2d748d101f278052ff068be5a4423ab6f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.3"
@@ -288,18 +350,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "3.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49fc9a695bca7f35f5f4c15cddc84415f66a74ea78eef08e90c5024f2b540e23"
+checksum = "86ec7a15cbe22e59248fc7eadb1907dab5ba09372595da4d73dd805ed4417dfe"
 dependencies = [
  "crc-catalog",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc-catalog"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ccaeedb56da03b09f598226e25e80088cb4cd25f316e6e4df7d695f0feeb1403"
+checksum = "9cace84e55f07e7301bae1c519df89cdad8cc3cd868413d3fdbdeca9ff3db484"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-queue"
@@ -330,6 +392,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "der"
+version = "0.7.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fffa369a668c8af7dbf8b5e56c9f744fbd399949ed171606040001947de40b1c"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-oid",
+ "pem-rfc7468",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -337,41 +410,25 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer",
+ "const-oid",
  "crypto-common",
  "subtle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "dirs"
-version = "4.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca3aa72a6f96ea37bbc5aa912f6788242832f75369bdfdadcb0e38423f100059"
-dependencies = [
- "dirs-sys",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dirs-sys"
-version = "0.3.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b1d1d91c932ef41c0f2663aa8b0ca0342d444d842c06914aa0a7e352d0bada6"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "redox_users",
- "winapi",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dotenv"
-version = "0.15.0"
+name = "dotenvy"
+version = "0.15.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77c90badedccf4105eca100756a0b1289e191f6fcbdadd3cee1d2f614f97da8f"
+checksum = "1aaf95b3e5c8f23aa320147307562d361db0ae0d51242340f558153b4eb2439b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a26ae43d7bcc3b814de94796a5e736d4029efb0ee900c12e2d54c993ad1a1e07"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encoding_rs"
@@ -390,23 +447,23 @@ checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "errno"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b30f669a7961ef1631673d2766cc92f52d64f7ef354d4fe0ddfd30ed52f0f4f"
+checksum = "ac3e13f66a2f95e32a39eaa81f6b95d42878ca0e1db0c7543723dfe12557e860"
 dependencies = [
- "errno-dragonfly",
  "libc",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "errno-dragonfly"
-version = "0.1.2"
+name = "etcetera"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa68f1b12764fab894d2755d2518754e71b4fd80ecfb822714a1206c2aab39bf"
+checksum = "136d1b5283a1ab77bd9257427ffd09d8667ced0570b6f938942bc7568ed5b943"
 dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "libc",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "home",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -423,9 +480,15 @@ checksum = "4443176a9f2c162692bd3d352d745ef9413eec5782a80d8fd6f8a1ac692a07f7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastrand"
-version = "2.0.0"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "25cbce373ec4653f1a01a31e8a5e5ec0c622dc27ff9c4e6606eefef5cbbed4a5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "finl_unicode"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6999dc1837253364c2ebb0704ba97994bd874e8f195d665c50b7548f6ea92764"
+checksum = "8fcfdc7a0362c9f4444381a9e697c79d435fe65b52a37466fc2c1184cee9edc6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixedbitset"
@@ -433,6 +496,17 @@ version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "flume"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "55ac459de2512911e4b674ce33cf20befaba382d05b62b008afc1c8b57cbf181"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "spin 0.9.8",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -463,21 +537,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "futures"
-version = "0.3.28"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23342abe12aba583913b2e62f22225ff9c950774065e4bfb61a19cd9770fec40"
-dependencies = [
- "futures-channel",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-executor",
- "futures-io",
- "futures-sink",
- "futures-task",
- "futures-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
 version = "0.3.28"
@@ -507,13 +566,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-intrusive"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a604f7a68fbf8103337523b1fadc8ade7361ee3f112f7c680ad179651616aed5"
+checksum = "1d930c203dd0b6ff06e0201a4a2fe9149b43c684fd4420555b26d21b1a02956f"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "lock_api",
- "parking_lot 0.11.2",
+ "parking_lot",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -530,7 +589,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -551,7 +610,6 @@ version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "26b01e40b772d54cf6c6d721c1d1abd0647a0106a12ecaa1c186273392a69533"
 dependencies = [
- "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-io",
  "futures-macro",
@@ -586,15 +644,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gimli"
-version = "0.27.3"
+version = "0.28.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b6c80984affa11d98d1b88b66ac8853f143217b399d3c74116778ff8fdb4ed2e"
+checksum = "6fb8d784f27acf97159b40fc4db5ecd8aa23b9ad5ef69cdd136d3bc80665f0c0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.3.20"
+version = "0.3.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97ec8491ebaf99c8eaa73058b045fe58073cd6be7f596ac993ced0b0a0c01049"
+checksum = "91fc23aa11be92976ef4729127f1a74adf36d8436f7816b185d18df956790833"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fnv",
@@ -609,15 +667,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.11.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.12.3"
@@ -629,14 +678,18 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2c6201b9ff9fd90a5a3bac2e56a830d0caa509576f0e503818ee82c181b3437a"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "allocator-api2",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashlink"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7249a3129cbc1ffccd74857f81464a323a152173cdb134e0fd81bc803b29facf"
+checksum = "e8094feaf31ff591f651a2664fb9cfd92bba7a60ce3197265e9482ebe753c8f7"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.11.2",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -650,18 +703,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "443144c8cdadd93ebf52ddb4056d257f5b52c04d3c804e657d19eb73fc33668b"
+checksum = "d77f7ec81a6d05a3abb01ab6eb7590f6083d08449fe5a1c8b1e620283546ccb7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hex"
@@ -687,6 +731,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "home"
+version = "0.5.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5444c27eef6923071f7ebcc33e3444508466a76f7a2b93da00ed6e19f30c1ddb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
 version = "0.2.9"
@@ -709,12 +762,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "http-range-header"
-version = "0.3.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "add0ab9360ddbd88cfeb3bd9574a1d85cfdfa14db10b3e21d3700dbc4328758f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "httparse"
 version = "1.8.0"
@@ -723,9 +770,9 @@ checksum = "d897f394bad6a705d5f4104762e116a75639e470d80901eed05a860a95cb1904"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "httpdate"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4a1e36c821dbe04574f602848a19f742f4fb3c98d40449f11bcad18d6b17421"
+checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
@@ -806,15 +853,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "hashbrown 0.14.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "instant"
-version = "0.1.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a5bbe824c507c5da5956355e86a746d82e0e1464f65d862cc5e71da70e94b2c"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
 version = "2.8.0"
@@ -823,9 +861,9 @@ checksum = "28b29a3cd74f0f4598934efe3aeba42bae0eb4680554128851ebbecb02af14e6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.10.5"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
@@ -850,12 +888,32 @@ name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
+dependencies = [
+ "spin 0.5.2",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.147"
+version = "0.2.149"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libm"
+version = "0.2.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libsqlite3-sys"
+version = "0.26.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4668fb0ea861c1df094127ac5f1da3409a82116a4ba74fca2e58ef927159bb3"
+checksum = "afc22eff61b133b115c6e8c74e818c628d6d5e7a502afea6f64dee076dd94326"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "pkg-config",
+ "vcpkg",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libz-sys"
@@ -871,9 +929,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57bcfdad1b858c2db7c38303a6d2ad4dfaf5eb53dfeb0910128b2c26d6158503"
+checksum = "da2479e8c062e40bf0066ffa0bc823de0a9368974af99c9f6df941d2c231e03f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
@@ -887,15 +945,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.19"
+version = "0.4.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b06a4cde4c0f271a446782e3eff8de789548ce57dbc8eca9292c27f4a42004b4"
+checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "matchit"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73cbba799671b762df5a175adf59ce145165747bb891505c43d09aefbbf38beb"
+checksum = "0e7465ac9959cc2b1404e8e2367b43684a6d13790fe23056cc8c6c5a6b7bcb94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "md-5"
@@ -908,9 +966,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "2.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2dffe52ecf27772e601905b7522cb4ef790d2cc203488bbd0e2fe85fcb74566d"
+checksum = "f665ee40bc4a3c5590afb1e9677db74a508659dfd71e126420da8274909a0167"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mime"
@@ -978,13 +1036,52 @@ dependencies = [
  "minimal-lexical",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-bigint-dig"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc84195820f291c7697304f3cbdadd1cb7199c0efc917ff5eafd71225c136151"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libm",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand",
+ "smallvec",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-integer"
+version = "0.1.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "225d3389fb3509a24c93f5c29eb6bde2586b98d9f016636dff58d7c6f7569cd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-iter"
+version = "0.1.43"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d03e6c028c5dc5cac6e2dec0efda81fc887605bb3d884578bb6d6bf7514e252"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.16"
+version = "0.2.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f30b0abd723be7e2ffca1272140fac1a2f084c77ec3e123c192b66af1ee9e6c2"
+checksum = "39e3200413f237f41ab11ad6d161bc7239c84dcb631773ccd7de3dfe4b5c267c"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
+ "libm",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -993,7 +1090,7 @@ version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4161fcb6d602d4d2081af7c3a45852d875a03dd337a6bfdd6e06407b61342a43"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.3.2",
+ "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -1020,9 +1117,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
-version = "0.31.1"
+version = "0.32.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8bda667d9f2b5051b8833f59f3bf748b28ef54f850f4fcb389a252aa383866d1"
+checksum = "9cf5f9dd3933bd50a9e1f149ec995f39ae2c496d31fd772c1fd45ebc27e902b0"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -1035,11 +1132,11 @@ checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
-version = "0.10.56"
+version = "0.10.57"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "729b745ad4a5575dd06a3e1af1414bd330ee561c01b3899eb584baeaa8def17e"
+checksum = "bac25ee399abb46215765b1cb35bc0212377e58a061560d8b29b024fd0430e7c"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "cfg-if",
  "foreign-types",
  "libc",
@@ -1056,7 +1153,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1067,9 +1164,9 @@ checksum = "ff011a302c396a5197692431fc1948019154afc178baf7d8e37367442a4601cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.91"
+version = "0.9.93"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "866b5f16f90776b9bb8dc1e1802ac6f0513de3a7a7465867bfbc563dc737faac"
+checksum = "db4d56a4c0478783083cfafcc42493dd4a981d41669da64b4572a2a089b51b1d"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -1077,17 +1174,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "vcpkg",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.11.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d17b78036a60663b797adeaee46f5c9dfebb86948d1255007a1d6be0271ff99"
-dependencies = [
- "instant",
- "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core 0.8.6",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.12.1"
@@ -1095,21 +1181,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3742b2c103b9f06bc9fff0a37ff4912935851bee6d36f3c02bcc755bcfec228f"
 dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core 0.9.8",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.8.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "60a2cfe6f0ad2bfc16aefa463b497d5c7a5ecd44a23efa72aa342d90177356dc"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "instant",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.2.16",
- "smallvec",
- "winapi",
+ "parking_lot_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1120,7 +1192,7 @@ checksum = "93f00c865fe7cabf650081affecd3871070f26767e7b2070a3ffae14c654b447"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
+ "redox_syscall",
  "smallvec",
  "windows-targets",
 ]
@@ -1131,6 +1203,15 @@ version = "1.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "de3145af08024dea9fa9914f381a17b8fc6034dfb00f3a84013f7ff43f29ed4c"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pem-rfc7468"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "88b39c9bfcfc231068454382784bb460aae594343fb030d46e9f50a645418412"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64ct",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
 version = "2.3.0"
@@ -1139,12 +1220,12 @@ checksum = "9b2a4787296e9989611394c33f193f676704af1686e70b8f8033ab5ba9a35a94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "petgraph"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4dd7d28ee937e54fe3080c91faa1c3a46c06de6252988a7f4592ba2310ef22a4"
+checksum = "e1d3afd2628e69da2be385eb6f2fd57c8ac7977ceeff6dc166ff1657b0e386a9"
 dependencies = [
  "fixedbitset",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.0.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1182,14 +1263,14 @@ checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c516611246607d0c04186886dbb3a754368ef82c79e9827a802c6d836dd111c"
+checksum = "8afb450f006bf6385ca15ef45d71d2288452bc3683ce2e2cacc0d18e4be60b58"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-utils"
@@ -1197,6 +1278,27 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pkcs1"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8ffb9f10fa047879315e6625af03c164b16962a5368d724ed16323b68ace47f"
+dependencies = [
+ "der",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "spki",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pkcs8"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f950b2377845cebe5cf8b5165cb3cc1a5e0fa5cfa3e1f7f55707d8fd82e0a7b7"
+dependencies = [
+ "der",
+ "spki",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
 version = "0.3.27"
@@ -1205,11 +1307,11 @@ checksum = "26072860ba924cbfa98ea39c8c19b4dd6a4a25423dbdf219c1eca91aa0cf6964"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-protocol"
-version = "0.6.5"
+version = "0.6.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78b7fa9f396f51dffd61546fd8573ee20592287996568e6175ceb0f8699ad75d"
+checksum = "49b6c5ef183cd3ab4ba005f1ca64c21e8bd97ce4699cfea9e8d9a2c4958ca520"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.2",
+ "base64",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "fallible-iterator",
@@ -1223,9 +1325,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-types"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f028f05971fe20f512bcc679e2c10227e57809a3af86a7606304435bc8896cd6"
+checksum = "8d2234cdee9408b523530a9b6d2d6b373d1db34f6a8e51dc03ded1828d7fb67c"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fallible-iterator",
@@ -1240,12 +1342,12 @@ checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prettyplease"
-version = "0.1.25"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c8646e95016a7a6c4adea95bafa8a16baab64b583356217f2c85db4a39d9a86"
+checksum = "ae005bd773ab59b4725093fd7df83fd7892f7d8eafb48dbd7de6e024e4215f9d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1260,18 +1362,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.66"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18fb31db3f9bddb2ea821cde30a9f70117e3f119938b5ee630b7403aa6e2ead9"
+checksum = "134c189feb4956b20f6f547d2cf727d4c0fe06722b20a0eec87ed445a97f92da"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost"
-version = "0.10.4"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "71adf41db68aa0daaefc69bb30bcd68ded9b9abaad5d1fbb6304c4fb390e083e"
+checksum = "f4fdd22f3b9c31b53c060df4a0613a1c7f062d4115a2b984dd15b1858f7e340d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "prost-derive",
@@ -1279,54 +1381,53 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-build"
-version = "0.10.4"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ae5a4388762d5815a9fc0dea33c56b021cdc8dde0c55e0c9ca57197254b0cab"
+checksum = "8bdf592881d821b83d471f8af290226c8d51402259e9bb5be7f9f8bdebbb11ac"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
- "cfg-if",
- "cmake",
  "heck",
  "itertools",
- "lazy_static",
  "log",
  "multimap",
+ "once_cell",
  "petgraph",
+ "prettyplease",
  "prost",
  "prost-types",
  "regex",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
  "tempfile",
  "which",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
-version = "0.10.1"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b670f45da57fb8542ebdbb6105a925fe571b67f9e7ed9f47a06a84e72b4e7cc"
+checksum = "265baba7fabd416cf5078179f7d2cbeca4ce7a9041111900675ea7c4cb8a4c32"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "itertools",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-types"
-version = "0.10.1"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d0a014229361011dc8e69c8a1ec6c2e8d0f2af7c91e3ea3f5b2170298461e68"
+checksum = "e081b29f63d83a4bc75cfc9f3fe424f9156cf92d8a4f0c9407cce9a1b67327cf"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
  "prost",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.32"
+version = "1.0.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50f3b39ccfb720540debaa0164757101c08ecb8d326b15358ce76a62c7e85965"
+checksum = "5267fca4496028628a95160fc423a33e8b2e6af8a5302579e322e4b520293cae"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -1363,11 +1464,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rdkafka"
-version = "0.25.0"
+version = "0.34.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8acd8f5c5482fdf89e8878227bafa442d8c4409f6287391c85549ca83626c27"
+checksum = "053adfa02fab06e86c01d586cc68aa47ee0ff4489a59469081dc12cbcde578bf"
 dependencies = [
- "futures",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-util",
  "libc",
  "log",
  "rdkafka-sys",
@@ -1380,25 +1482,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rdkafka-sys"
-version = "3.0.0+1.6.0"
+version = "4.6.0+2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca35e95c88e08cdc643b25744e38ccee7c93c7e90d1ac6850fe74cbaa40803c3"
+checksum = "ad63c279fca41a27c231c450a2d2ad18288032e9cbb159ad16c9d96eba35aaaf"
 dependencies = [
+ "cmake",
  "libc",
  "libz-sys",
  "num_enum",
  "pkg-config",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.2.16"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fb5a58c1855b4b6819d59012155603f0b22ad30cad752600aadfcb695265519a"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -1408,22 +1502,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_users"
-version = "0.4.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b033d837a7cf162d7993aded9304e30a83213c648b6e389db233191f891e5c2b"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "redox_syscall 0.2.16",
- "thiserror",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.9.3"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "81bc1d4caf89fac26a70747fe603c130093b53c773888797a6329091246d651a"
+checksum = "d119d7c7ca818f8a53c300863d4f87566aac09943aef5b355bb83969dae75d87"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -1433,9 +1516,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.3.6"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fed1ceff11a1dddaee50c9dc8e4938bd106e9d89ae372f192311e7da498e3b69"
+checksum = "465c6fc0621e4abc4187a2bda0937bfd4f722c2730b29562e19689ea796c9a4b"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -1444,9 +1527,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e5ea92a5b6195c6ef2a0295ea818b312502c6fc94dde986c5553242e18fd4ce2"
+checksum = "56d84fdd47036b038fc80dd333d10b6aab10d5d31f4a366e20014def75328d33"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
@@ -1454,7 +1537,7 @@ version = "0.11.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cde824a14b7c14f85caff81225f411faacc04a2013f41670f41443742b1c1c55"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.2",
+ "base64",
  "bytes",
  "encoding_rs",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1485,6 +1568,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "winreg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rsa"
+version = "0.9.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ab43bb47d23c1a631b4b680199a45255dce26fa9ab2fa902581f624ff13e6a8"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "const-oid",
+ "digest",
+ "num-bigint-dig",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-traits",
+ "pkcs1",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core",
+ "signature",
+ "spki",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-demangle"
 version = "0.1.23"
@@ -1493,17 +1598,23 @@ checksum = "d626bb9dae77e28219937af045c257c28bfd3f69333c512553507f5f9798cb76"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.7"
+version = "0.38.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "172891ebdceb05aa0005f533a6cbfca599ddd7d966f6f5d4d9b2e70478e70399"
+checksum = "745ecfa778e66b2b63c88a61cb36e0eea109e803b0b86bf9879fbc77c70e86ed"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.3.3",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7ffc183a10b4478d04cbbbfc96d0873219d962dd5accaff2ffbd4ceb7df837f4"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
 version = "1.0.15"
@@ -1550,29 +1661,29 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.183"
+version = "1.0.189"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32ac8da02677876d532745a130fc9d8e6edfa81a269b107c5b00829b91d8eb3c"
+checksum = "8e422a44e74ad4001bdc8eede9a4570ab52f71190e9c076d14369f38b9200537"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.183"
+version = "1.0.189"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aafe972d60b0b9bee71a91b92fee2d4fb3c9d7e8f6b179aa99f27203d99a4816"
+checksum = "1e48d1f918009ce3145511378cf68d613e3b3d9137d67272562080d68a2b32d5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.104"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "076066c5f1078eac5b722a31827a8832fe108bed65dfa75e233c89f8206e976c"
+checksum = "6b420ce6e3d8bd882e9b243c6eed35dbc9a6110c9769e74b584e0d68d1f20c65"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -1608,10 +1719,10 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "sha-1"
-version = "0.10.1"
+name = "sha1"
+version = "0.10.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f5058ada175748e33390e40e872bd0fe59a19f265d0158daa551c5a88a76009c"
+checksum = "e3bf829a2d51ab4a5ddf1352d8470c140cadc8301b2ae1789db023f01cedd6ba"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures",
@@ -1638,26 +1749,36 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "signature"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5e1788eed21689f9cf370582dfc467ef36ed9c707f073528ddafa8d83e3b8500"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
-version = "0.3.10"
+version = "0.3.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7bd3e3206899af3f8b12af284fafc038cc1dc2b41d1b89dd17297221c5d225de"
+checksum = "38b58827f4464d87d377d175e90bf58eb00fd8716ff0a62f80356b5e61555d0d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
-version = "0.4.8"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6528351c9bc8ab22353f9d776db39a20288e8d6c37ef8cfe3317cf875eecfc2d"
+checksum = "8f92a496fb766b417c996b9c5e57daf2f7ad3b0bebe1ccfca4856390e3d3bb67"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.11.0"
+version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62bb4feee49fdd9f707ef802e22365a35de4b7b299de4763d44bfea899442ff9"
+checksum = "942b4a808e05215192e39f4ab80813e599068285906cc91aa64f923db842bd5a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
@@ -1671,19 +1792,44 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.5.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2538b18701741680e0322a2302176d3253a35388e2e62f172f64f4f16605f877"
+checksum = "4031e820eb552adee9295814c0ced9e5cf38ddf1e8b7d566d6de8e2538ea989e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.9.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spki"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d1e996ef02c474957d681f1b05213dfb0abab947b446a62d37770b23500184a"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64ct",
+ "der",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlformat"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4b7922be017ee70900be125523f38bdd644f4f06a1b16e8fa5a8ee8c34bffd4"
+checksum = "6b7b278788e7be4d0d29c0f39497a0eef3fba6bbc8e70d8bf7fde46edeaa9e85"
 dependencies = [
  "itertools",
  "nom",
@@ -1692,109 +1838,216 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlx"
-version = "0.5.13"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "551873805652ba0d912fec5bbb0f8b4cdd96baf8e2ebf5970e5671092966019b"
+checksum = "0e50c216e3624ec8e7ecd14c6a6a6370aad6ee5d8cfc3ab30b5162eeeef2ed33"
 dependencies = [
  "sqlx-core",
  "sqlx-macros",
+ "sqlx-mysql",
+ "sqlx-postgres",
+ "sqlx-sqlite",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlx-core"
-version = "0.5.13"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e48c61941ccf5ddcada342cd59e3e5173b007c509e1e8e990dafc830294d9dc5"
+checksum = "8d6753e460c998bbd4cd8c6f0ed9a64346fcca0723d6e75e52fdc351c5d2169d"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "atoi",
- "base64 0.13.1",
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
  "crc",
  "crossbeam-queue",
- "dirs",
+ "dotenvy",
  "either",
  "event-listener",
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-intrusive",
+ "futures-io",
  "futures-util",
  "hashlink",
  "hex",
- "hkdf",
- "hmac",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "itoa",
- "libc",
+ "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "log",
- "md-5",
  "memchr",
+ "native-tls",
  "once_cell",
  "paste",
  "percent-encoding",
- "rand",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sha-1",
  "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "sqlformat",
- "sqlx-rt",
- "stringprep",
  "thiserror",
+ "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
+ "tracing",
  "url",
- "whoami",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlx-macros"
-version = "0.5.13"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9a793bb3ba331ec8359c1853bd39eed32cdd7baaf22c35ccf5c92a7e8d1189ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "sqlx-macros-core",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-macros-core"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc0fba2b0cae21fc00fe6046f8baa4c7fcb49e379f0f592b04696607f69ed2e1"
+checksum = "0a4ee1e104e00dedb6aa5ffdd1343107b0a4702e862a84320ee7cc74782d96fc"
 dependencies = [
- "dotenv",
+ "dotenvy",
  "either",
  "heck",
+ "hex",
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
  "sha2",
  "sqlx-core",
- "sqlx-rt",
+ "sqlx-mysql",
+ "sqlx-postgres",
+ "sqlx-sqlite",
  "syn 1.0.109",
+ "tempfile",
+ "tokio",
  "url",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "sqlx-rt"
-version = "0.5.13"
+name = "sqlx-mysql"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4db708cd3e459078f85f39f96a00960bd841f66ee2a669e90bf36907f5a79aae"
+checksum = "864b869fdf56263f4c95c45483191ea0af340f9f3e3e7b4d57a61c7c87a970db"
 dependencies = [
- "native-tls",
+ "atoi",
+ "base64",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "byteorder",
+ "bytes",
+ "crc",
+ "digest",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "either",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-util",
+ "generic-array",
+ "hex",
+ "hkdf",
+ "hmac",
+ "itoa",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "memchr",
  "once_cell",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-native-tls",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "rand",
+ "rsa",
+ "serde",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "stringprep",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
+ "whoami",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-postgres"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eb7ae0e6a97fb3ba33b23ac2671a5ce6e3cabe003f451abd5a56e7951d975624"
+dependencies = [
+ "atoi",
+ "base64",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "byteorder",
+ "crc",
+ "dotenvy",
+ "etcetera",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-util",
+ "hex",
+ "hkdf",
+ "hmac",
+ "home",
+ "itoa",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "memchr",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rand",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "stringprep",
+ "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
+ "whoami",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sqlx-sqlite"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d59dc83cf45d89c555a577694534fcd1b55c545a816c816ce51f20bbe56a4f3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "atoi",
+ "flume",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-executor",
+ "futures-intrusive",
+ "futures-util",
+ "libsqlite3-sys",
+ "log",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "serde",
+ "sqlx-core",
+ "tracing",
+ "url",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "stringprep"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db3737bde7edce97102e0e2b15365bf7a20bfdb5f60f4f9e8d7004258a51a8da"
+checksum = "bb41d74e231a107a1b4ee36bd1214b11285b77768d2e3824aedafa988fd36ee6"
 dependencies = [
+ "finl_unicode",
  "unicode-bidi",
  "unicode-normalization",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
+checksum = "73473c0e59e6d5812c5dfe2a064a6444949f089e20eec9a2e5506596494e4623"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "subtle"
@@ -1815,9 +2068,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.28"
+version = "2.0.38"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04361975b3f5e348b2189d8dc55bc942f278b2d482a6a0365de5bdd62d351567"
+checksum = "e96b79aaa137db8f61e26363a0c9b47d8b4ec75da28b7d1d614c2303e232408b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1832,44 +2085,35 @@ checksum = "2047c6ded9c721764247e62cd3b03c09ffc529b2ba5b10ec482ae507a4a70160"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.7.1"
+version = "3.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc02fddf48964c42031a0b3fe0428320ecf3a73c401040fc0096f97794310651"
+checksum = "cb94d2f3cc536af71caac6b6fcebf65860b347e7ce0cc9ebe8f70d3e521054ef"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "fastrand",
- "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
+ "redox_syscall",
  "rustix",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "textwrap"
-version = "0.11.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d326610f408c7a4eb6f51c37c330e496b08506c9457c9d34287ecc38809fb060"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-width",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.44"
+version = "1.0.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "611040a08a0439f8248d1990b111c95baa9c704c805fa1f62104b39655fd7f90"
+checksum = "1177e8c6d7ede7afde3585fd2513e611227efd6481bd78d2e82ba1ce16557ed4"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.44"
+version = "1.0.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "090198534930841fab3a5d1bb637cde49e339654e606195f8d9c76eeb081dc96"
+checksum = "10712f02019e9288794769fba95cd6847df9874d49d871d062172f9dd41bc4cc"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1889,20 +2133,19 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.29.1"
+version = "1.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "532826ff75199d5833b9d2c5fe410f29235e25704ee5f0ef599fb51c21f4a4da"
+checksum = "4f38200e3ef7995e5ef13baec2f432a6da0aa9ac495b2c0e8f3b7eec2c92d653"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
  "backtrace",
  "bytes",
  "libc",
  "mio",
  "num_cpus",
- "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "parking_lot",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.5.4",
  "tokio-macros",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
@@ -1925,7 +2168,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1940,9 +2183,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-postgres"
-version = "0.7.8"
+version = "0.7.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e89f6234aa8fd43779746012fcf53603cdb91fdd8399aa0de868c2d56b6dde1"
+checksum = "d340244b32d920260ae7448cb72b6e238bddc3d4f7603394e7dd46ed8e48f5b8"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "byteorder",
@@ -1951,15 +2194,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-util",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "phf",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "postgres-protocol",
  "postgres-types",
- "socket2 0.5.3",
+ "rand",
+ "socket2 0.5.4",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
+ "whoami",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1975,9 +2220,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.8"
+version = "0.7.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "806fe8c2c87eccc8b3267cbae29ed3ab2d0bd37fca70ab622e46aaa9375ddb7d"
+checksum = "1d68074620f57a0b21594d9735eb2e98ab38b17f80d3fcb189fca266771ca60d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1995,9 +2240,9 @@ checksum = "7cda73e2f1397b1262d6dfdcef8aafae14d1de7748d66822d3bfeeb6d03e5e4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.19.14"
+version = "0.19.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8123f27e969974a3dfba720fdb560be359f57b44302d280ba72e76a74480e8a"
+checksum = "1b5bb770da30e5cbfde35a2d7b9b8a2c4b8ef89548a7a6aeab5c9a576e3e7421"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.0.0",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -2006,17 +2251,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5be9d60db39854b30b835107500cf0aca0b0d14d6e1c3de124217c23a29c2ddb"
+checksum = "d560933a0de61cf715926b9cac824d4c883c2c43142f787595e48280c40a1d0e"
 dependencies = [
  "async-stream",
  "async-trait",
  "axum",
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64",
  "bytes",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
  "h2",
  "http",
  "http-body",
@@ -2025,28 +2268,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
  "prost",
- "prost-derive",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tokio-util",
  "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
- "tracing-futures",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9263bf4c9bfaae7317c1c2faf7f18491d2fe476f70c414b73bf5d445b00ffa1"
+checksum = "9d021fc044c18582b9a2408cd0dd05b1596e3ecdb5c4df822bb0183545683889"
 dependencies = [
  "prettyplease",
  "proc-macro2",
  "prost-build",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2069,25 +2309,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.3.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f873044bf02dd1e8239e9c1293ea39dad76dc594ec16185d0a1bf31d8dc8d858"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "bytes",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "http-range-header",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tower",
- "tower-layer",
- "tower-service",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-layer"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -2102,11 +2323,10 @@ checksum = "b6bc1c9ce2b5135ac7f93c72918fc37feb872bdc6a5533a8b85eb4b86bfdae52"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.39"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ce8c33a8d48bd45d624a6e523445fd21ec13d3653cd51f681abf67418f54eb8"
+checksum = "ee2ef2af84856a50c1d430afce2fdded0a4ec7eda868db86409b4543df0797f9"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
  "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
@@ -2115,34 +2335,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f4f31f56159e98206da9efd823404b79b6ef3143b4a7ab76e67b1751b25a4ab"
+checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.31"
+version = "0.1.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0955b8137a1df6f1a2e9a37d8a6656291ff0297c1a97c24e0d8425fe2312f79a"
+checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-futures"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97d095ae15e245a057c8e8451bab9b3ee1e1f68e9ba2b4fbc18d0ac5237835f2"
-dependencies = [
- "pin-project",
- "tracing",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.2.4"
@@ -2151,9 +2361,9 @@ checksum = "3528ecfd12c466c6f163363caf2d02a71161dd5e1cc6ae7b34207ea2d42d81ed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "497961ef93d974e23eb6f433eb5fe1b7930b659f06d12dec6fc44a8f554c0bba"
+checksum = "42ff0bf0c66b8238c6f3b578df37d0b7848e55df8577b3f74f92a69acceeb825"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
@@ -2163,9 +2373,9 @@ checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.11"
+version = "1.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "301abaae475aa91687eb82514b328ab47a211a533026cb25fc3e519b86adfc3c"
+checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
@@ -2182,12 +2392,6 @@ version = "1.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1dd624098567895118886609431a7c3b8f516e41d30e0643f03d94592a147e36"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0edd1e5b14653f783770bce4a4dabb4a5108a5370a5f5d8cfe8710c361f6c8b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode_categories"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -2196,9 +2400,9 @@ checksum = "39ec24b3121d976906ece63c9daad25b85969647682eee313cb5779fdd69e14e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
-version = "2.4.0"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50bff7831e19200a85b17131d085c25d7811bc4e186efdaf54bbd132994a88cb"
+checksum = "143b538f18257fac9cad154828a57c6bf5157e1aa604d4816b5995bf6de87ae5"
 dependencies = [
  "form_urlencoded",
  "idna",
@@ -2206,16 +2410,16 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "vcpkg"
-version = "0.2.15"
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
+checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "vec_map"
-version = "0.8.2"
+name = "vcpkg"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
+checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
@@ -2259,7 +2463,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -2293,7 +2497,7 @@ checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.28",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -2316,13 +2520,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "which"
-version = "4.4.0"
+version = "4.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2441c784c52b289a054b7201fc93253e288f094e2f4be9058343127c4226a269"
+checksum = "87ba24419a2078cd2b0f2ede2691b6c66d8e47836da3b6db8265ebad47afbfc7"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
- "libc",
+ "home",
  "once_cell",
+ "rustix",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2368,9 +2573,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.48.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05d4b17490f70499f20b9e791dcf6a299785ce8af4d709018206dc5b4953e95f"
+checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
 dependencies = [
  "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc",
@@ -2383,51 +2588,51 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91ae572e1b79dba883e0d315474df7305d12f569b400fcf90581b06062f7e1bc"
+checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2ef27e0d7bdfcfc7b868b317c1d32c641a6fe4629c171b8928c7b08d98d7cf3"
+checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "622a1962a7db830d6fd0a69683c80a18fda201879f0f447f065a3b7467daa241"
+checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4542c6e364ce21bf45d69fdd2a8e455fa38d316158cfd43b3ac1c5b1b19f8e00"
+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca2b8a661f7628cbd23440e50b05d705db3686f894fc9580820623656af974b1"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7896dbc1f41e08872e9d5e8f8baa8fdd2677f29468c4e156210174edc7f7b953"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.48.0"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a515f5799fe4961cb532f983ce2b23082366b898e52ffbce459c86f67c8378a"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.5.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "acaaa1190073b2b101e15083c38ee8ec891b5e05cbee516521e94ec008f61e64"
+checksum = "7c2e3184b9c4e92ad5167ca73039d0c42476302ab603e2fec4487511f38ccefc"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -2440,3 +2645,9 @@ checksum = "80d0f4e272c85def139476380b12f9ac60926689dd2e01d4923222f40580869d"
 dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize"
+version = "1.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a0956f1ba7c7909bfb66c2e9e4124ab6f6482560f6628b5aaeba39207c9aad9"
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.toml b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.toml
index 123f089f5e7a3..ce43a3f8af506 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.toml
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,23 +9,20 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-sqlx = { version = "0.5", features = [ "runtime-tokio-native-tls" , "postgres" ] }
+sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["runtime-tokio-native-tls", "postgres"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
-tonic = "0.7.1"
+tonic = "0.10.2"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking"] }
-rdkafka = { version = "0.25", features = ["dynamic-linking"] }
+rdkafka = { version = "0.34", features = ["cmake-build"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
-prost = "0.10"
-clap = "2.26.0"
-tokio-postgres = "0.7.8"
-tonic-build = "0.7.1"
+prost = "0.12"
+clap = "4.4.6"
+tokio-postgres = "0.7.10"
+tonic-build = "0.10.2"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-tonic-build = "0.7.1"
+tonic-build = "0.10.2"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "server"
 path = "src/main.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/model/requirements.txt b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/model/requirements.txt
index bc40c0ead3fbe..276361b0e1f83 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/model/requirements.txt
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/model/requirements.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-grpcio==1.48.0
-numpy==1.21.4
-protobuf==4.21.5
+grpcio==1.53.0
+numpy==1.24
+protobuf==4.21.6
 psycopg==3.0.16
 scikit-learn==1.3.0
-pandas==1.4.0
+pandas==2.0
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/feature_store.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/feature_store.rs
index 883a7c332767d..30bb92debe5aa 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/feature_store.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/feature_store.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,13 @@ impl Server for FeatureStoreServer {
         request: tonic::Request<GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
     ) -> Result<tonic::Response<GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status> {
         let do_location_id = request.into_inner();
-        let fare_amount = self.get_taxi_amount(do_location_id.do_location_id.clone(),do_location_id.pu_location_id.clone()).await.unwrap();
+        let fare_amount = self
+            .get_taxi_amount(
+                do_location_id.do_location_id.clone(),
+                do_location_id.pu_location_id.clone(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         Ok(Response::new(GetTaxiAmountResponse {
             fare_amount: fare_amount as f64,
         }))
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/main.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/main.rs
index adab174aaa227..73fad5122c40f 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/main.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
 
-use clap::{App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use clap::{Arg, ArgMatches, Command};
 
 use crate::feature_store::FeatureStoreServer;
 use crate::kafka::KafkaSink;
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ async fn main() {
     println!("Reading args");
     let args = get_args();
     let kafka_sink = KafkaSink::new(
-        args.value_of("brokers")
+        args.get_one::<String>("brokers")
             .expect("failed to decode brokers")
             .to_string(),
-        args.value_of("output-topic")
+        args.get_one::<String>("output-topic")
             .expect("failed to decode output_topics")
             .to_string(),
     );
-    println!("Testing Kafka payload,args{:?}",args);
+    println!("Testing Kafka payload,args{:?}", args);
     tokio::spawn(KafkaSink::mock_consume());
     kafka_sink
         .send("0".to_string(), "{init: true}".to_string())
@@ -41,23 +41,23 @@ async fn main() {
         .unwrap()
 }
 
-fn get_args<'a>() -> ArgMatches<'a> {
-    App::new("feature-store")
+fn get_args() -> ArgMatches {
+    Command::new("feature-store")
         .about("Feature store")
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("brokers")
-                .short("b")
+            Arg::new("brokers")
+                .short('b')
                 .long("brokers")
                 .help("Kafka broker list")
-                .takes_value(true)
+                .num_args(1)
                 .default_value("kafka:9092"),
         )
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("output-topic")
+            Arg::new("output-topic")
                 .long("output-topics")
                 .help("Output topics names")
                 .default_value("taxi")
-                .takes_value(true),
+                .num_args(1),
         )
         .get_matches()
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/model.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/model.rs
index 2b141fafce0d1..4e7ae9464ca4e 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/model.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/model.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct TrainingRequest {
-}
+pub struct TrainingRequest {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct TrainingResponse {
-}
+pub struct TrainingResponse {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetAmountRequest {
-    #[prost(int64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "1")]
     pub do_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "2")]
     pub pu_location_id: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetAmountResponse {
-    #[prost(float, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(float, tag = "1")]
     pub amount: f32,
 }
 /// Generated client implementations.
 pub mod model_client {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
+    use tonic::codegen::http::Uri;
     use tonic::codegen::*;
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
     pub struct ModelClient<T> {
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ pub mod model_client {
         /// Attempt to create a new client by connecting to a given endpoint.
         pub async fn connect<D>(dst: D) -> Result<Self, tonic::transport::Error>
         where
-            D: std::convert::TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
+            D: TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
             D::Error: Into<StdError>,
         {
             let conn = tonic::transport::Endpoint::new(dst)?.connect().await?;
@@ -46,6 +49,12 @@ pub mod model_client {
             let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::new(inner);
             Self { inner }
         }
+
+        pub fn with_origin(inner: T, origin: Uri) -> Self {
+            let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::with_origin(inner, origin);
+            Self { inner }
+        }
+
         pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
             inner: T,
             interceptor: F,
@@ -59,60 +68,81 @@ pub mod model_client {
                     <T as tonic::client::GrpcService<tonic::body::BoxBody>>::ResponseBody,
                 >,
             >,
-            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<
-                http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>,
-            >>::Error: Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
+            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>>>::Error:
+                Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
         {
             ModelClient::new(InterceptedService::new(inner, interceptor))
         }
-        /// Compress requests with `gzip`.
+
+        /// Compress requests with the given encoding.
         ///
         /// This requires the server to support it otherwise it might respond with an
         /// error.
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn send_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.send_gzip();
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.send_compressed(encoding);
             self
         }
-        /// Enable decompressing responses with `gzip`.
+
+        /// Enable decompressing responses.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.accept_compressed(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn accept_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.accept_gzip();
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_decoding_message_size(limit);
             self
         }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_encoding_message_size(limit);
+            self
+        }
+
         pub async fn get_amount(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::GetAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetAmountResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetAmountResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
             let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/model.Model/GetAmount");
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("model.Model", "GetAmount"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
+
         pub async fn training(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::TrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::TrainingResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::TrainingResponse>, tonic::Status> {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
             let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/model.Model/Training");
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("model.Model", "Training"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
     }
 }
@@ -120,46 +150,81 @@ pub mod model_client {
 pub mod model_server {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
     use tonic::codegen::*;
-    ///Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ModelServer.
+    /// Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ModelServer.
     #[async_trait]
     pub trait Model: Send + Sync + 'static {
         async fn get_amount(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::GetAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn training(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::TrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::TrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::TrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
     }
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct ModelServer<T: Model> {
         inner: _Inner<T>,
-        accept_compression_encodings: (),
-        send_compression_encodings: (),
+        accept_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        send_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        max_decoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
+        max_encoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
     }
     struct _Inner<T>(Arc<T>);
     impl<T: Model> ModelServer<T> {
         pub fn new(inner: T) -> Self {
             Self::from_arc(Arc::new(inner))
         }
+
         pub fn from_arc(inner: Arc<T>) -> Self {
             let inner = _Inner(inner);
             Self {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
                 send_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
+                max_decoding_message_size: None,
+                max_encoding_message_size: None,
             }
         }
-        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
-            inner: T,
-            interceptor: F,
-        ) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
+
+        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(inner: T, interceptor: F) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
         where
             F: tonic::service::Interceptor,
         {
             InterceptedService::new(Self::new(inner), interceptor)
         }
+
+        /// Enable decompressing requests with the given encoding.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.accept_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Compress responses with the given encoding, if the client supports it.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.send_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_decoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_encoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
     }
     impl<T, B> tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<B>> for ModelServer<T>
     where
@@ -167,39 +232,41 @@ pub mod model_server {
         B: Body + Send + 'static,
         B::Error: Into<StdError> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        type Response = http::Response<tonic::body::BoxBody>;
         type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
         type Future = BoxFuture<Self::Response, Self::Error>;
+        type Response = http::Response<tonic::body::BoxBody>;
+
         fn poll_ready(
             &mut self,
             _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        ) -> Poll<std::result::Result<(), Self::Error>> {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
         }
+
         fn call(&mut self, req: http::Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
             let inner = self.inner.clone();
             match req.uri().path() {
                 "/model.Model/GetAmount" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct GetAmountSvc<T: Model>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<T: Model> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetAmountRequest>
-                    for GetAmountSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Model> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetAmountRequest> for GetAmountSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::GetAmountResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::GetAmountRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move { (*inner).get_amount(request).await };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Model>::get_amount(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -209,6 +276,10 @@ pub mod model_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -218,24 +289,23 @@ pub mod model_server {
                 "/model.Model/Training" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct TrainingSvc<T: Model>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<T: Model> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::TrainingRequest>
-                    for TrainingSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Model> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::TrainingRequest> for TrainingSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::TrainingResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::TrainingRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move { (*inner).training(request).await };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut = async move { <T as Model>::training(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -245,24 +315,24 @@ pub mod model_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
                     };
                     Box::pin(fut)
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    Box::pin(async move {
-                        Ok(
-                            http::Response::builder()
-                                .status(200)
-                                .header("grpc-status", "12")
-                                .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
-                                .body(empty_body())
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        )
-                    })
-                }
+                _ => Box::pin(async move {
+                    Ok(http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .header("grpc-status", "12")
+                        .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
+                        .body(empty_body())
+                        .unwrap())
+                }),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -273,12 +343,14 @@ pub mod model_server {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: self.accept_compression_encodings,
                 send_compression_encodings: self.send_compression_encodings,
+                max_decoding_message_size: self.max_decoding_message_size,
+                max_encoding_message_size: self.max_encoding_message_size,
             }
         }
     }
     impl<T: Model> Clone for _Inner<T> {
         fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-            Self(self.0.clone())
+            Self(Arc::clone(&self.0))
         }
     }
     impl<T: std::fmt::Debug> std::fmt::Debug for _Inner<T> {
@@ -286,7 +358,7 @@ pub mod model_server {
             write!(f, "{:?}", self.0)
         }
     }
-    impl<T: Model> tonic::transport::NamedService for ModelServer<T> {
+    impl<T: Model> tonic::server::NamedService for ModelServer<T> {
         const NAME: &'static str = "model.Model";
     }
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/server_pb.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/server_pb.rs
index 1f2912d868412..e4e25439fb29d 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/server_pb.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/server_pb.rs
@@ -1,96 +1,104 @@
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportActionRequest {
-    #[prost(string, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "1")]
     pub userid: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(string, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "2")]
     pub eventtype: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="3")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "3")]
     pub changenum: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportActionResponse {
-    #[prost(uint64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(uint64, tag = "1")]
     pub timestamp: u64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetFeatureRequest {
-    #[prost(string, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "1")]
     pub userid: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetFeatureResponse {
-    #[prost(uint64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(uint64, tag = "1")]
     pub count: u64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "2")]
     pub sum: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportTaxiActionRequest {
-    #[prost(int32, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(int32, tag = "1")]
     pub vendor_id: i32,
-    #[prost(string, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "2")]
     pub lpep_pickup_datetime: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(string, tag="3")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "3")]
     pub lpep_dropoff_datetime: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(bool, tag="4")]
+    #[prost(bool, tag = "4")]
     pub store_and_fwd_flag: bool,
-    #[prost(double, tag="5")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "5")]
     pub ratecode_id: f64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="6")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "6")]
     pub pu_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="7")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "7")]
     pub do_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="8")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "8")]
     pub passenger_count: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="9")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "9")]
     pub trip_distance: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="10")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "10")]
     pub fare_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="11")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "11")]
     pub extra: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="12")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "12")]
     pub mta_tax: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="13")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "13")]
     pub tip_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="14")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "14")]
     pub tolls_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="15")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "15")]
     pub ehail_fee: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="16")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "16")]
     pub improvement_surcharge: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="17")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "17")]
     pub total_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="18")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "18")]
     pub payment_type: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="19")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "19")]
     pub trip_type: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="20")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "20")]
     pub congestion_surcharge: f64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct ReportTaxiActionResponse {
-}
+pub struct ReportTaxiActionResponse {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetTaxiAmountRequest {
-    #[prost(int64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "1")]
     pub do_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "2")]
     pub pu_location_id: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetTaxiAmountResponse {
-    #[prost(double, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "1")]
     pub fare_amount: f64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct StartTrainingRequest {
-}
+pub struct StartTrainingRequest {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct StartTrainingResponse {
-}
+pub struct StartTrainingResponse {}
 /// Generated client implementations.
 pub mod server_client {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
+    use tonic::codegen::http::Uri;
     use tonic::codegen::*;
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
     pub struct ServerClient<T> {
@@ -100,7 +108,7 @@ pub mod server_client {
         /// Attempt to create a new client by connecting to a given endpoint.
         pub async fn connect<D>(dst: D) -> Result<Self, tonic::transport::Error>
         where
-            D: std::convert::TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
+            D: TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
             D::Error: Into<StdError>,
         {
             let conn = tonic::transport::Endpoint::new(dst)?.connect().await?;
@@ -118,6 +126,12 @@ pub mod server_client {
             let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::new(inner);
             Self { inner }
         }
+
+        pub fn with_origin(inner: T, origin: Uri) -> Self {
+            let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::with_origin(inner, origin);
+            Self { inner }
+        }
+
         pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
             inner: T,
             interceptor: F,
@@ -131,121 +145,140 @@ pub mod server_client {
                     <T as tonic::client::GrpcService<tonic::body::BoxBody>>::ResponseBody,
                 >,
             >,
-            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<
-                http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>,
-            >>::Error: Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
+            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>>>::Error:
+                Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
         {
             ServerClient::new(InterceptedService::new(inner, interceptor))
         }
-        /// Compress requests with `gzip`.
+
+        /// Compress requests with the given encoding.
         ///
         /// This requires the server to support it otherwise it might respond with an
         /// error.
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn send_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.send_gzip();
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.send_compressed(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Enable decompressing responses.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.accept_compressed(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_decoding_message_size(limit);
             self
         }
-        /// Enable decompressing responses with `gzip`.
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn accept_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.accept_gzip();
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_encoding_message_size(limit);
             self
         }
+
         pub async fn get_feature(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/GetFeature",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/GetFeature");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "GetFeature"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
+
         pub async fn report_action(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::ReportActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/ReportAction",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/ReportAction");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "ReportAction"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
+
         pub async fn report_taxi_action(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "ReportTaxiAction"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
+
         pub async fn get_taxi_amount(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "GetTaxiAmount"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
+
         pub async fn start_training(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/StartTraining",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/StartTraining");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "StartTraining"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
     }
 }
@@ -253,58 +286,93 @@ pub mod server_client {
 pub mod server_server {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
     use tonic::codegen::*;
-    ///Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ServerServer.
+    /// Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ServerServer.
     #[async_trait]
     pub trait Server: Send + Sync + 'static {
         async fn get_feature(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn report_action(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn report_taxi_action(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn get_taxi_amount(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn start_training(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
     }
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct ServerServer<T: Server> {
         inner: _Inner<T>,
-        accept_compression_encodings: (),
-        send_compression_encodings: (),
+        accept_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        send_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        max_decoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
+        max_encoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
     }
     struct _Inner<T>(Arc<T>);
     impl<T: Server> ServerServer<T> {
         pub fn new(inner: T) -> Self {
             Self::from_arc(Arc::new(inner))
         }
+
         pub fn from_arc(inner: Arc<T>) -> Self {
             let inner = _Inner(inner);
             Self {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
                 send_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
+                max_decoding_message_size: None,
+                max_encoding_message_size: None,
             }
         }
-        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
-            inner: T,
-            interceptor: F,
-        ) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
+
+        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(inner: T, interceptor: F) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
         where
             F: tonic::service::Interceptor,
         {
             InterceptedService::new(Self::new(inner), interceptor)
         }
+
+        /// Enable decompressing requests with the given encoding.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.accept_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Compress responses with the given encoding, if the client supports it.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.send_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_decoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
+
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_encoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
     }
     impl<T, B> tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<B>> for ServerServer<T>
     where
@@ -312,39 +380,41 @@ pub mod server_server {
         B: Body + Send + 'static,
         B::Error: Into<StdError> + Send + 'static,
     {
-        type Response = http::Response<tonic::body::BoxBody>;
         type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
         type Future = BoxFuture<Self::Response, Self::Error>;
+        type Response = http::Response<tonic::body::BoxBody>;
+
         fn poll_ready(
             &mut self,
             _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        ) -> Poll<std::result::Result<(), Self::Error>> {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
         }
+
         fn call(&mut self, req: http::Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
             let inner = self.inner.clone();
             match req.uri().path() {
                 "/server_pb.Server/GetFeature" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct GetFeatureSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetFeatureRequest>
-                    for GetFeatureSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetFeatureRequest> for GetFeatureSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::GetFeatureResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move { (*inner).get_feature(request).await };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::get_feature(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -354,6 +424,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -363,28 +437,24 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/ReportAction" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct ReportActionSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportActionRequest>
-                    for ReportActionSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportActionRequest> for ReportActionSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::ReportActionResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportActionRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).report_action(request).await
-                            };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::report_action(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -394,6 +464,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -403,28 +477,27 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct ReportTaxiActionSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>
-                    for ReportTaxiActionSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>
+                        for ReportTaxiActionSvc<T>
+                    {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::ReportTaxiActionResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
                             let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).report_taxi_action(request).await
+                                <T as Server>::report_taxi_action(&inner, request).await
                             };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -434,6 +507,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -443,28 +520,25 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct GetTaxiAmountSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>
-                    for GetTaxiAmountSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest> for GetTaxiAmountSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::GetTaxiAmountResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
                             let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).get_taxi_amount(request).await
+                                <T as Server>::get_taxi_amount(&inner, request).await
                             };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -474,6 +548,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -483,28 +561,24 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/StartTraining" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct StartTrainingSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::StartTrainingRequest>
-                    for StartTrainingSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::StartTrainingRequest> for StartTrainingSvc<T> {
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         type Response = super::StartTrainingResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).start_training(request).await
-                            };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::start_training(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -514,24 +588,24 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
                     };
                     Box::pin(fut)
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    Box::pin(async move {
-                        Ok(
-                            http::Response::builder()
-                                .status(200)
-                                .header("grpc-status", "12")
-                                .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
-                                .body(empty_body())
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        )
-                    })
-                }
+                _ => Box::pin(async move {
+                    Ok(http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .header("grpc-status", "12")
+                        .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
+                        .body(empty_body())
+                        .unwrap())
+                }),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -542,12 +616,14 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: self.accept_compression_encodings,
                 send_compression_encodings: self.send_compression_encodings,
+                max_decoding_message_size: self.max_decoding_message_size,
+                max_encoding_message_size: self.max_encoding_message_size,
             }
         }
     }
     impl<T: Server> Clone for _Inner<T> {
         fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-            Self(self.0.clone())
+            Self(Arc::clone(&self.0))
         }
     }
     impl<T: std::fmt::Debug> std::fmt::Debug for _Inner<T> {
@@ -555,7 +631,7 @@ pub mod server_server {
             write!(f, "{:?}", self.0)
         }
     }
-    impl<T: Server> tonic::transport::NamedService for ServerServer<T> {
+    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::NamedService for ServerServer<T> {
         const NAME: &'static str = "server_pb.Server";
     }
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/serving.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/serving.rs
index c00d8041492c0..d1137e534e7f9 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/serving.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/server/src/serving.rs
@@ -53,8 +53,15 @@ impl FeatureStoreServer {
         }
     }
 
-    pub async fn get_taxi_amount(&self, do_location_id: i64,pu_location_id: i64) -> Result<f32, Status> {
-        let request = GetAmountRequest { do_location_id ,pu_location_id};
+    pub async fn get_taxi_amount(
+        &self,
+        do_location_id: i64,
+        pu_location_id: i64,
+    ) -> Result<f32, Status> {
+        let request = GetAmountRequest {
+            do_location_id,
+            pu_location_id,
+        };
         let mut model_client = ModelClient::connect("http://localhost:8080")
             .await
             .expect("Failed to connect to model server");
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.lock b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.lock
index c2be1809ce1bd..9d7b0fc4a1f82 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.lock
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.lock
@@ -3,35 +3,90 @@
 version = 3
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ansi_term"
-version = "0.12.1"
+name = "addr2line"
+version = "0.21.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d52a9bb7ec0cf484c551830a7ce27bd20d67eac647e1befb56b0be4ee39a55d2"
+checksum = "8a30b2e23b9e17a9f90641c7ab1549cd9b44f296d3ccbf309d2863cfe398a0cb"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi",
+ "gimli",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "adler"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2ab91ebe16eb252986481c5b62f6098f3b698a45e34b5b98200cf20dd2484a44"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7079075b41f533b8c61d2a4d073c4676e1f8b249ff94a393b0595db304e0dd87"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "317b9a89c1868f5ea6ff1d9539a69f45dffc21ce321ac1fd1160dfa48c8e2140"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ca11d4be1bab0c8bc8734a9aa7bf4ee8316d462a08c6ac5052f888fef5b494b"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0699d10d2f4d628a98ee7b57b289abbc98ff3bad977cb3152709d4bf2330628"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.58"
+version = "1.0.75"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb07d2053ccdbe10e2af2995a2f116c1330396493dc1269f6a91d0ae82e19704"
+checksum = "a4668cab20f66d8d020e1fbc0ebe47217433c1b6c8f2040faf858554e394ace6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-stream"
-version = "0.3.3"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dad5c83079eae9969be7fadefe640a1c566901f05ff91ab221de4b6f68d9507e"
+checksum = "cd56dd203fef61ac097dd65721a419ddccb106b2d2b70ba60a6b529f03961a51"
 dependencies = [
  "async-stream-impl",
  "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-stream-impl"
-version = "0.3.3"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10f203db73a71dfa2fb6dd22763990fa26f3d2625a6da2da900d23b87d26be27"
+checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -40,26 +95,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-trait"
-version = "0.1.56"
+version = "0.1.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96cf8829f67d2eab0b2dfa42c5d0ef737e0724e4a82b01b3e292456202b19716"
+checksum = "a66537f1bb974b254c98ed142ff995236e81b9d0fe4db0575f46612cb15eb0f9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -68,13 +112,13 @@ checksum = "d468802bab17cbc0cc575e9b053f41e72aa36bfa6b7f55e3529ffa43161b97fa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum"
-version = "0.5.13"
+version = "0.6.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b9496f0c1d1afb7a2af4338bbe1d969cddfead41d87a9fb3aaa6d0bbc7af648"
+checksum = "3b829e4e32b91e643de6eafe82b1d90675f5874230191a4ffbc1b336dec4d6bf"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "axum-core",
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "bytes",
  "futures-util",
  "http",
@@ -86,20 +130,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "mime",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
  "serde",
  "sync_wrapper",
- "tokio",
  "tower",
- "tower-http",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum-core"
-version = "0.2.7"
+version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4f44a0e6200e9d11a1cdc989e4b358f6e3d354fbf48478f345a17f4e43f8635"
+checksum = "759fa577a247914fd3f7f76d62972792636412fbfd634cd452f6a385a74d2d2c"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
@@ -107,13 +150,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "http-body",
  "mime",
+ "rustversion",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "backtrace"
+version = "0.3.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2089b7e3f35b9dd2d0ed921ead4f6d318c27680d4a5bd167b3ee120edb105837"
+dependencies = [
+ "addr2line",
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "miniz_oxide",
+ "object",
+ "rustc-demangle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.13.0"
+version = "0.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "904dfeac50f3cdaba28fc6f57fdcddb75f49ed61346676a78c4ffe55877802fd"
+checksum = "9ba43ea6f343b788c8764558649e08df62f86c6ef251fdaeb1ffd010a9ae50a2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -121,23 +182,32 @@ version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "327762f6e5a765692301e5bb513e0d9fef63be86bbc14528052b1cd3e6f03e07"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.10.0"
+version = "3.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37ccbd214614c6783386c1af30caf03192f17891059cecc394b4fb119e363de3"
+checksum = "7f30e7476521f6f8af1a1c4c0b8cc94f0bee37d91763d0ca2665f299b6cd8aec"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4872d67bab6358e59559027aa3b9157c53d9358c51423c17554809a8858e0f8"
+checksum = "a2bd12c1caf447e69cd4528f47f94d203fd2582878ecb9e9465484c4148a8223"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.73"
+version = "1.0.83"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fff2a6927b3bb87f9595d67196a70493f627687a71d87a0d692242c33f58c11"
+checksum = "f1174fb0b6ec23863f8b971027804a42614e347eafb0a95bf0b12cdae21fc4d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
@@ -147,19 +217,37 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "2.34.0"
+version = "4.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d04704f56c2cde07f43e8e2c154b43f216dc5c92fc98ada720177362f953b956"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap_builder",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a0610544180c38b88101fecf2dd634b174a62eef6946f84dfc6a7127512b381c"
+checksum = "0e231faeaca65ebd1ea3c737966bf858971cd38c3849107aa3ea7de90a804e45"
 dependencies = [
- "ansi_term",
- "atty",
- "bitflags",
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "clap_lex",
  "strsim",
- "textwrap",
- "unicode-width",
- "vec_map",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_lex"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd7cc57abe963c6d3b9d8be5b06ba7c8957a930305ca90304f24ef040aa6f961"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.3"
@@ -172,15 +260,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5827cebf4670468b8772dd191856768aedcb1b0278a04f989f7766351917b9dc"
+checksum = "e496a50fda8aacccc86d7529e2c1e0892dbd0f898a6b5645b5561b89c3210efa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "csv"
-version = "1.2.2"
+version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "626ae34994d3d8d668f4269922248239db4ae42d538b14c398b74a52208e8086"
+checksum = "ac574ff4d437a7b5ad237ef331c17ccca63c46479e5b5453eb8e10bb99a759fe"
 dependencies = [
  "csv-core",
  "itoa",
@@ -190,37 +278,44 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "csv-core"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2b2466559f260f48ad25fe6317b3c8dac77b5bdb5763ac7d9d6103530663bc90"
+checksum = "5efa2b3d7902f4b634a20cae3c9c4e6209dc4779feb6863329607560143efa70"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.7.0"
+version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f107b87b6afc2a64fd13cac55fe06d6c8859f12d4b14cbcdd2c67d0976781be"
+checksum = "a26ae43d7bcc3b814de94796a5e736d4029efb0ee900c12e2d54c993ad1a1e07"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encoding_rs"
-version = "0.8.31"
+version = "0.8.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9852635589dc9f9ea1b6fe9f05b50ef208c85c834a562f0c6abb1c475736ec2b"
+checksum = "7268b386296a025e474d5140678f75d6de9493ae55a5d709eeb9dd08149945e1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "fastrand"
-version = "1.7.0"
+name = "errno"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3fcf0cee53519c866c09b5de1f6c56ff9d647101f81c1964fa632e148896cdf"
+checksum = "ac3e13f66a2f95e32a39eaa81f6b95d42878ca0e1db0c7543723dfe12557e860"
 dependencies = [
- "instant",
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrand"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "25cbce373ec4653f1a01a31e8a5e5ec0c622dc27ff9c4e6606eefef5cbbed4a5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -244,19 +339,18 @@ checksum = "00b0228411908ca8685dba7fc2cdd70ec9990a6e753e89b6ac91a84c40fbaf4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "form_urlencoded"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5fc25a87fa4fd2094bffb06925852034d90a17f0d1e05197d4956d3555752191"
+checksum = "a62bc1cf6f830c2ec14a513a9fb124d0a213a629668a4186f329db21fe045652"
 dependencies = [
- "matches",
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f73fe65f54d1e12b726f517d3e2135ca3125a437b6d998caf1962961f7172d9e"
+checksum = "23342abe12aba583913b2e62f22225ff9c950774065e4bfb61a19cd9770fec40"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
@@ -269,9 +363,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3083ce4b914124575708913bca19bfe887522d6e2e6d0952943f5eac4a74010"
+checksum = "955518d47e09b25bbebc7a18df10b81f0c766eaf4c4f1cccef2fca5f2a4fb5f2"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
@@ -279,15 +373,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c09fd04b7e4073ac7156a9539b57a484a8ea920f79c7c675d05d289ab6110d3"
+checksum = "4bca583b7e26f571124fe5b7561d49cb2868d79116cfa0eefce955557c6fee8c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-executor"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9420b90cfa29e327d0429f19be13e7ddb68fa1cccb09d65e5706b8c7a749b8a6"
+checksum = "ccecee823288125bd88b4d7f565c9e58e41858e47ab72e8ea2d64e93624386e0"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-task",
@@ -296,15 +390,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc4045962a5a5e935ee2fdedaa4e08284547402885ab326734432bed5d12966b"
+checksum = "4fff74096e71ed47f8e023204cfd0aa1289cd54ae5430a9523be060cdb849964"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33c1e13800337f4d4d7a316bf45a567dbcb6ffe087f16424852d97e97a91f512"
+checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -313,21 +407,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-sink"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21163e139fa306126e6eedaf49ecdb4588f939600f0b1e770f4205ee4b7fa868"
+checksum = "f43be4fe21a13b9781a69afa4985b0f6ee0e1afab2c6f454a8cf30e2b2237b6e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57c66a976bf5909d801bbef33416c41372779507e7a6b3a5e25e4749c58f776a"
+checksum = "76d3d132be6c0e6aa1534069c705a74a5997a356c0dc2f86a47765e5617c5b65"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.21"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8b7abd5d659d9b90c8cba917f6ec750a74e2dc23902ef9cd4cc8c8b22e6036a"
+checksum = "26b01e40b772d54cf6c6d721c1d1abd0647a0106a12ecaa1c186273392a69533"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
@@ -343,31 +437,26 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.2.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fc3cb4d91f53b50155bdcfd23f6a4c39ae1969c2ae85982b135750cccaf5fce"
+checksum = "be4136b2a15dd319360be1c07d9933517ccf0be8f16bf62a3bee4f0d618df427"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "wasi 0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.7"
+name = "gimli"
+version = "0.28.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4eb1a864a501629691edf6c15a593b7a51eebaa1e8468e9ddc623de7c9b58ec6"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
-]
+checksum = "6fb8d784f27acf97159b40fc4db5ecd8aa23b9ad5ef69cdd136d3bc80665f0c0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.3.13"
+version = "0.3.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37a82c6d637fc9515a4694bbf1cb2457b79d81ce52b3108bdeea58b07dd34a57"
+checksum = "91fc23aa11be92976ef4729127f1a74adf36d8436f7816b185d18df956790833"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fnv",
@@ -390,18 +479,15 @@ checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
+checksum = "d77f7ec81a6d05a3abb01ab6eb7590f6083d08449fe5a1c8b1e620283546ccb7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75f43d41e26995c17e71ee126451dd3941010b0514a81a9d11f3b341debc2399"
+checksum = "bd6effc99afb63425aff9b05836f029929e345a6148a14b7ecd5ab67af944482"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fnv",
@@ -419,29 +505,23 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "http-range-header"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0bfe8eed0a9285ef776bb792479ea3834e8b94e13d615c2f66d03dd50a435a29"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "httparse"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "496ce29bb5a52785b44e0f7ca2847ae0bb839c9bd28f69acac9b99d461c0c04c"
+checksum = "d897f394bad6a705d5f4104762e116a75639e470d80901eed05a860a95cb1904"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "httpdate"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4a1e36c821dbe04574f602848a19f742f4fb3c98d40449f11bcad18d6b17421"
+checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "0.14.20"
+version = "0.14.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "02c929dc5c39e335a03c405292728118860721b10190d98c2a0f0efd5baafbac"
+checksum = "ffb1cfd654a8219eaef89881fdb3bb3b1cdc5fa75ded05d6933b2b382e395468"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-channel",
@@ -454,7 +534,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "httpdate",
  "itoa",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "socket2",
+ "socket2 0.4.9",
  "tokio",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -488,60 +568,50 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "0.2.3"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "418a0a6fab821475f634efe3ccc45c013f742efe03d853e8d3355d5cb850ecf8"
+checksum = "7d20d6b07bfbc108882d88ed8e37d39636dcc260e15e30c45e6ba089610b917c"
 dependencies = [
- "matches",
  "unicode-bidi",
  "unicode-normalization",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "1.9.1"
+version = "1.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10a35a97730320ffe8e2d410b5d3b69279b98d2c14bdb8b70ea89ecf7888d41e"
+checksum = "bd070e393353796e801d209ad339e89596eb4c8d430d18ede6a1cced8fafbd99"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "hashbrown",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "instant"
-version = "0.1.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a5bbe824c507c5da5956355e86a746d82e0e1464f65d862cc5e71da70e94b2c"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "879d54834c8c76457ef4293a689b2a8c59b076067ad77b15efafbb05f92a592b"
+checksum = "28b29a3cd74f0f4598934efe3aeba42bae0eb4680554128851ebbecb02af14e6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.10.3"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a9a9d19fa1e79b6215ff29b9d6880b706147f16e9b1dbb1e4e5947b5b02bc5e3"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "112c678d4050afce233f4f2852bb2eb519230b3cf12f33585275537d7e41578d"
+checksum = "af150ab688ff2122fcef229be89cb50dd66af9e01a4ff320cc137eecc9bacc38"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.58"
+version = "0.3.64"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3fac17f7123a73ca62df411b1bf727ccc805daa070338fda671c86dac1bdc27"
+checksum = "c5f195fe497f702db0f318b07fdd68edb16955aed830df8363d837542f8f935a"
 dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
@@ -554,60 +624,65 @@ checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.126"
+version = "0.2.149"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "349d5a591cd28b49e1d1037471617a32ddcda5731b99419008085f72d5a53836"
+checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "log"
-version = "0.4.17"
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "abb12e687cfb44aa40f41fc3978ef76448f9b6038cad6aef4259d3c095a2382e"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
-]
+checksum = "da2479e8c062e40bf0066ffa0bc823de0a9368974af99c9f6df941d2c231e03f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "matches"
-version = "0.1.9"
+name = "log"
+version = "0.4.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3e378b66a060d48947b590737b30a1be76706c8dd7b8ba0f2fe3989c68a853f"
+checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "matchit"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73cbba799671b762df5a175adf59ce145165747bb891505c43d09aefbbf38beb"
+checksum = "0e7465ac9959cc2b1404e8e2367b43684a6d13790fe23056cc8c6c5a6b7bcb94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "2.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2dffe52ecf27772e601905b7522cb4ef790d2cc203488bbd0e2fe85fcb74566d"
+checksum = "f665ee40bc4a3c5590afb1e9677db74a508659dfd71e126420da8274909a0167"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mime"
-version = "0.3.16"
+version = "0.3.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6877bb514081ee2a7ff5ef9de3281f14a4dd4bceac4c09388074a6b5df8a139a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2a60c7ce501c71e03a9c9c0d35b861413ae925bd979cc7a4e30d060069aaac8d"
+checksum = "e7810e0be55b428ada41041c41f32c9f1a42817901b4ccf45fa3d4b6561e74c7"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "0.8.4"
+version = "0.8.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57ee1c23c7c63b0c9250c339ffdc69255f110b298b901b9f6c82547b7b87caaf"
+checksum = "927a765cd3fc26206e66b296465fa9d3e5ab003e651c1b3c060e7956d96b19d2"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "log",
- "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "native-tls"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd7e2f3618557f980e0b17e8856252eee3c97fa12c54dff0ca290fb6266ca4a9"
+checksum = "07226173c32f2926027b63cce4bcd8076c3552846cbe7925f3aaffeac0a3b92e"
 dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "libc",
@@ -623,27 +698,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num_cpus"
-version = "1.13.1"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "19e64526ebdee182341572e50e9ad03965aa510cd94427a4549448f285e957a1"
+checksum = "4161fcb6d602d4d2081af7c3a45852d875a03dd337a6bfdd6e06407b61342a43"
 dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "object"
+version = "0.32.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9cf5f9dd3933bd50a9e1f149ec995f39ae2c496d31fd772c1fd45ebc27e902b0"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.13.0"
+version = "1.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18a6dbe30758c9f83eb00cbea4ac95966305f5a7772f3f42ebfc7fc7eddbd8e1"
+checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
-version = "0.10.41"
+version = "0.10.57"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "618febf65336490dfcf20b73f885f5651a0c89c64c2d4a8c3662585a70bf5bd0"
+checksum = "bac25ee399abb46215765b1cb35bc0212377e58a061560d8b29b024fd0430e7c"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "cfg-if",
  "foreign-types",
  "libc",
@@ -654,9 +738,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-macros"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b501e44f11665960c7e7fcf062c7d96a14ade4aa98116c004b2e37b5be7d736c"
+checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -671,11 +755,10 @@ checksum = "ff011a302c396a5197692431fc1948019154afc178baf7d8e37367442a4601cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.75"
+version = "0.9.93"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e5f9bd0c2710541a3cda73d6f9ac4f1b240de4ae261065d309dbe73d9dceb42f"
+checksum = "db4d56a4c0478783083cfafcc42493dd4a981d41669da64b4572a2a089b51b1d"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
  "cc",
  "libc",
  "pkg-config",
@@ -684,24 +767,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4fd5641d01c8f18a23da7b6fe29298ff4b55afcccdf78973b24cf3175fee32e"
+checksum = "9b2a4787296e9989611394c33f193f676704af1686e70b8f8033ab5ba9a35a94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project"
-version = "1.0.11"
+version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78203e83c48cffbe01e4a2d35d566ca4de445d79a85372fc64e378bfc812a260"
+checksum = "fda4ed1c6c173e3fc7a83629421152e01d7b1f9b7f65fb301e490e8cfc656422"
 dependencies = [
  "pin-project-internal",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-internal"
-version = "1.0.11"
+version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "710faf75e1b33345361201d36d04e98ac1ed8909151a017ed384700836104c74"
+checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -710,9 +793,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
-version = "0.2.9"
+version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e0a7ae3ac2f1173085d398531c705756c94a4c56843785df85a60c1a0afac116"
+checksum = "8afb450f006bf6385ca15ef45d71d2288452bc3683ce2e2cacc0d18e4be60b58"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-utils"
@@ -722,30 +805,30 @@ checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
-version = "0.3.25"
+version = "0.3.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1df8c4ec4b0627e53bdf214615ad287367e482558cf84b109250b37464dc03ae"
+checksum = "26072860ba924cbfa98ea39c8c19b4dd6a4a25423dbdf219c1eca91aa0cf6964"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.16"
+version = "0.2.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eb9f9e6e233e5c4a35559a617bf40a4ec447db2e84c20b55a6f83167b7e57872"
+checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.40"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd96a1e8ed2596c337f8eae5f24924ec83f5ad5ab21ea8e455d3566c69fbcaf7"
+checksum = "134c189feb4956b20f6f547d2cf727d4c0fe06722b20a0eec87ed445a97f92da"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost"
-version = "0.10.4"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "71adf41db68aa0daaefc69bb30bcd68ded9b9abaad5d1fbb6304c4fb390e083e"
+checksum = "f4fdd22f3b9c31b53c060df4a0613a1c7f062d4115a2b984dd15b1858f7e340d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "prost-derive",
@@ -753,9 +836,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
-version = "0.10.1"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b670f45da57fb8542ebdbb6105a925fe571b67f9e7ed9f47a06a84e72b4e7cc"
+checksum = "265baba7fabd416cf5078179f7d2cbeca4ce7a9041111900675ea7c4cb8a4c32"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "itertools",
@@ -766,26 +849,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.20"
+version = "1.0.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3bcdf212e9776fbcb2d23ab029360416bb1706b1aea2d1a5ba002727cbcab804"
+checksum = "5267fca4496028628a95160fc423a33e8b2e6af8a5302579e322e4b520293cae"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.7.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a6b1679d49b24bbfe0c803429aa1874472f50d9b363131f0e89fc356b544d03"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.16",
- "libc",
- "rand_chacha 0.2.2",
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
- "rand_hc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.5"
@@ -793,18 +863,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
- "rand_core 0.6.3",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f4c8ed856279c9737206bf725bf36935d8666ead7aa69b52be55af369d193402"
-dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -814,59 +874,32 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.6.3",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90bde5296fc891b0cef12a6d03ddccc162ce7b2aff54160af9338f8d40df6d19"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.16",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d34f1408f55294453790c48b2f1ebbb1c5b4b7563eb1f418bcfcfdbb06ebb4e7"
+checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.7",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_hc"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca3129af7b92a17112d59ad498c6f81eaf463253766b90396d39ea7a39d6613c"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "getrandom",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.2.13"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62f25bc4c7e55e0b0b7a1d43fb893f4fa1361d0abe38b9ce4f323c2adfe6ef42"
+checksum = "567664f262709473930a4bf9e51bf2ebf3348f2e748ccc50dea20646858f8f29"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "remove_dir_all"
-version = "0.5.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3acd125665422973a33ac9d3dd2df85edad0f4ae9b00dafb1a05e43a9f5ef8e7"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
-version = "0.11.11"
+version = "0.11.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b75aa69a3f06bbcc66ede33af2af253c6f7a86b1ca0033f60c580a27074fbf92"
+checksum = "046cd98826c46c2ac8ddecae268eb5c2e58628688a5fc7a2643704a73faba95b"
 dependencies = [
  "base64",
  "bytes",
@@ -880,15 +913,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper-tls",
  "ipnet",
  "js-sys",
- "lazy_static",
  "log",
  "mime",
  "native-tls",
+ "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_urlencoded",
+ "system-configuration",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-native-tls",
  "tower-service",
@@ -899,29 +933,53 @@ dependencies = [
  "winreg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-demangle"
+version = "0.1.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d626bb9dae77e28219937af045c257c28bfd3f69333c512553507f5f9798cb76"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.38.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "745ecfa778e66b2b63c88a61cb36e0eea109e803b0b86bf9879fbc77c70e86ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7ffc183a10b4478d04cbbbfc96d0873219d962dd5accaff2ffbd4ceb7df837f4"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.10"
+version = "1.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f3f6f92acf49d1b98f7a81226834412ada05458b7364277387724a237f062695"
+checksum = "1ad4cc8da4ef723ed60bced201181d83791ad433213d8c24efffda1eec85d741"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "schannel"
-version = "0.1.20"
+version = "0.1.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88d6731146462ea25d9244b2ed5fd1d716d25c52e4d54aa4fb0f3c4e9854dbe2"
+checksum = "0c3733bf4cf7ea0880754e19cb5a462007c4a8c1914bff372ccc95b464f1df88"
 dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "security-framework"
-version = "2.6.1"
+version = "2.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2dc14f172faf8a0194a3aded622712b0de276821addc574fa54fc0a1167e10dc"
+checksum = "05b64fb303737d99b81884b2c63433e9ae28abebe5eb5045dcdd175dc2ecf4de"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "core-foundation",
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
@@ -930,9 +988,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "security-framework-sys"
-version = "2.6.1"
+version = "2.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0160a13a177a45bfb43ce71c01580998474f556ad854dcbca936dd2841a5c556"
+checksum = "e932934257d3b408ed8f30db49d85ea163bfe74961f017f405b025af298f0c7a"
 dependencies = [
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
@@ -940,18 +998,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.139"
+version = "1.0.189"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0171ebb889e45aa68b44aee0859b3eede84c6f5f5c228e6f140c0b2a0a46cad6"
+checksum = "8e422a44e74ad4001bdc8eede9a4570ab52f71190e9c076d14369f38b9200537"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.139"
+version = "1.0.189"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc1d3230c1de7932af58ad8ffbe1d784bd55efd5a9d84ac24f69c72d83543dfb"
+checksum = "1e48d1f918009ce3145511378cf68d613e3b3d9137d67272562080d68a2b32d5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -960,9 +1018,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.82"
+version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "82c2c1fdcd807d1098552c5b9a36e425e42e9fbd7c6a37a8425f390f781f7fa7"
+checksum = "6b420ce6e3d8bd882e9b243c6eed35dbc9a6110c9769e74b584e0d68d1f20c65"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -989,7 +1047,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "csv",
  "futures",
  "prost",
- "rand 0.7.3",
+ "rand",
  "reqwest",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -1000,31 +1058,44 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
-version = "0.4.6"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eb703cfe953bccee95685111adeedb76fabe4e97549a58d16f03ea7b9367bb32"
+checksum = "8f92a496fb766b417c996b9c5e57daf2f7ad3b0bebe1ccfca4856390e3d3bb67"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.4.4"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "66d72b759436ae32898a2af0a14218dbf55efde3feeb170eb623637db85ee1e0"
+checksum = "64a4a911eed85daf18834cfaa86a79b7d266ff93ff5ba14005426219480ed662"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "socket2"
+version = "0.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4031e820eb552adee9295814c0ced9e5cf38ddf1e8b7d566d6de8e2538ea989e"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
+checksum = "73473c0e59e6d5812c5dfe2a064a6444949f089e20eec9a2e5506596494e4623"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.98"
+version = "2.0.38"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c50aef8a904de4c23c788f104b7dddc7d6f79c647c7c8ce4cc8f73eb0ca773dd"
+checksum = "e96b79aaa137db8f61e26363a0c9b47d8b4ec75da28b7d1d614c2303e232408b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1033,31 +1104,42 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sync_wrapper"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "20518fe4a4c9acf048008599e464deb21beeae3d3578418951a189c235a7a9a8"
+checksum = "2047c6ded9c721764247e62cd3b03c09ffc529b2ba5b10ec482ae507a4a70160"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.3.0"
+name = "system-configuration"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cdb1ef4eaeeaddc8fbd371e5017057064af0911902ef36b39801f67cc6d79e4"
+checksum = "ba3a3adc5c275d719af8cb4272ea1c4a6d668a777f37e115f6d11ddbc1c8e0e7"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "fastrand",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "system-configuration-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "system-configuration-sys"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a75fb188eb626b924683e3b95e3a48e63551fcfb51949de2f06a9d91dbee93c9"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "remove_dir_all",
- "winapi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "textwrap"
-version = "0.11.0"
+name = "tempfile"
+version = "3.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d326610f408c7a4eb6f51c37c330e496b08506c9457c9d34287ecc38809fb060"
+checksum = "cb94d2f3cc536af71caac6b6fcebf65860b347e7ce0cc9ebe8f70d3e521054ef"
 dependencies = [
- "unicode-width",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "fastrand",
+ "redox_syscall",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1071,27 +1153,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tinyvec_macros"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cda74da7e1a664f795bb1f8a87ec406fb89a02522cf6e50620d016add6dbbf5c"
+checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.20.0"
+version = "1.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57aec3cfa4c296db7255446efb4928a6be304b431a806216105542a67b6ca82e"
+checksum = "4f38200e3ef7995e5ef13baec2f432a6da0aa9ac495b2c0e8f3b7eec2c92d653"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
+ "backtrace",
  "bytes",
  "libc",
- "memchr",
  "mio",
  "num_cpus",
- "once_cell",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "socket2",
+ "socket2 0.5.4",
  "tokio-macros",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1106,9 +1186,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-macros"
-version = "1.8.0"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9724f9a975fb987ef7a3cd9be0350edcbe130698af5b8f7a631e23d42d052484"
+checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1117,9 +1197,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-native-tls"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7d995660bd2b7f8c1568414c1126076c13fbb725c40112dc0120b78eb9b717b"
+checksum = "bbae76ab933c85776efabc971569dd6119c580d8f5d448769dec1764bf796ef2"
 dependencies = [
  "native-tls",
  "tokio",
@@ -1127,9 +1207,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-stream"
-version = "0.1.9"
+version = "0.1.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df54d54117d6fdc4e4fea40fe1e4e566b3505700e148a6827e59b34b0d2600d9"
+checksum = "397c988d37662c7dda6d2208364a706264bf3d6138b11d436cbac0ad38832842"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "pin-project-lite",
@@ -1138,9 +1218,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.7.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc463cd8deddc3770d20f9852143d50bf6094e640b485cb2e189a2099085ff45"
+checksum = "1d68074620f57a0b21594d9735eb2e98ab38b17f80d3fcb189fca266771ca60d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1152,17 +1232,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5be9d60db39854b30b835107500cf0aca0b0d14d6e1c3de124217c23a29c2ddb"
+checksum = "d560933a0de61cf715926b9cac824d4c883c2c43142f787595e48280c40a1d0e"
 dependencies = [
  "async-stream",
  "async-trait",
  "axum",
  "base64",
  "bytes",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
  "h2",
  "http",
  "http-body",
@@ -1171,15 +1249,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
  "prost",
- "prost-derive",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tokio-util",
  "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
- "tracing-futures",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1193,7 +1268,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "pin-project",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -1202,30 +1277,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.3.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c530c8675c1dbf98facee631536fa116b5fb6382d7dd6dc1b118d970eafe3ba"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
- "bytes",
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "http-range-header",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tower",
- "tower-layer",
- "tower-service",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-layer"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "343bc9466d3fe6b0f960ef45960509f84480bf4fd96f92901afe7ff3df9d3a62"
+checksum = "c20c8dbed6283a09604c3e69b4b7eeb54e298b8a600d4d5ecb5ad39de609f1d0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-service"
@@ -1235,12 +1291,10 @@ checksum = "b6bc1c9ce2b5135ac7f93c72918fc37feb872bdc6a5533a8b85eb4b86bfdae52"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.35"
+version = "0.1.39"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a400e31aa60b9d44a52a8ee0343b5b18566b03a8321e0d321f695cf56e940160"
+checksum = "ee2ef2af84856a50c1d430afce2fdded0a4ec7eda868db86409b4543df0797f9"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -1248,9 +1302,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.22"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "11c75893af559bc8e10716548bdef5cb2b983f8e637db9d0e15126b61b484ee2"
+checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1259,96 +1313,72 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.28"
+version = "0.1.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b7358be39f2f274f322d2aaed611acc57f382e8eb1e5b48cb9ae30933495ce7"
+checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-futures"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97d095ae15e245a057c8e8451bab9b3ee1e1f68e9ba2b4fbc18d0ac5237835f2"
-dependencies = [
- "pin-project",
- "tracing",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
-version = "0.2.3"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "59547bce71d9c38b83d9c0e92b6066c4253371f15005def0c30d9657f50c7642"
+checksum = "3528ecfd12c466c6f163363caf2d02a71161dd5e1cc6ae7b34207ea2d42d81ed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "099b7128301d285f79ddd55b9a83d5e6b9e97c92e0ea0daebee7263e932de992"
+checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "15c61ba63f9235225a22310255a29b806b907c9b8c964bcbd0a2c70f3f2deea7"
+checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
-version = "0.1.21"
+version = "0.1.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "854cbdc4f7bc6ae19c820d44abdc3277ac3e1b2b93db20a636825d9322fb60e6"
+checksum = "5c5713f0fc4b5db668a2ac63cdb7bb4469d8c9fed047b1d0292cc7b0ce2ba921"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0edd1e5b14653f783770bce4a4dabb4a5108a5370a5f5d8cfe8710c361f6c8b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
-version = "2.2.2"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a507c383b2d33b5fc35d1861e77e6b383d158b2da5e14fe51b83dfedf6fd578c"
+checksum = "143b538f18257fac9cad154828a57c6bf5157e1aa604d4816b5995bf6de87ae5"
 dependencies = [
  "form_urlencoded",
  "idna",
- "matches",
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "vcpkg"
-version = "0.2.15"
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
+checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "vec_map"
-version = "0.8.2"
+name = "vcpkg"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
+checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ce8a968cb1cd110d136ff8b819a556d6fb6d919363c61534f6860c7eb172ba0"
+checksum = "bfa7760aed19e106de2c7c0b581b509f2f25d3dacaf737cb82ac61bc6d760b0e"
 dependencies = [
- "log",
  "try-lock",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasi"
-version = "0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cccddf32554fecc6acb585f82a32a72e28b48f8c4c1883ddfeeeaa96f7d8e519"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
@@ -1357,9 +1387,9 @@ checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.81"
+version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c53b543413a17a202f4be280a7e5c62a1c69345f5de525ee64f8cfdbc954994"
+checksum = "7706a72ab36d8cb1f80ffbf0e071533974a60d0a308d01a5d0375bf60499a342"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro",
@@ -1367,13 +1397,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
-version = "0.2.81"
+version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5491a68ab4500fa6b4d726bd67408630c3dbe9c4fe7bda16d5c82a1fd8c7340a"
+checksum = "5ef2b6d3c510e9625e5fe6f509ab07d66a760f0885d858736483c32ed7809abd"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
- "lazy_static",
  "log",
+ "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn",
@@ -1382,9 +1412,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.31"
+version = "0.4.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de9a9cec1733468a8c657e57fa2413d2ae2c0129b95e87c5b72b8ace4d13f31f"
+checksum = "c02dbc21516f9f1f04f187958890d7e6026df8d16540b7ad9492bc34a67cea03"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
@@ -1394,9 +1424,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.81"
+version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c441e177922bc58f1e12c022624b6216378e5febc2f0533e41ba443d505b80aa"
+checksum = "dee495e55982a3bd48105a7b947fd2a9b4a8ae3010041b9e0faab3f9cd028f1d"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -1404,9 +1434,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.81"
+version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d94ac45fcf608c1f45ef53e748d35660f168490c10b23704c7779ab8f5c3048"
+checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1417,15 +1447,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.81"
+version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a89911bd99e5f3659ec4acf9c4d93b0a90fe4a2a11f15328472058edc5261be"
+checksum = "ca6ad05a4870b2bf5fe995117d3728437bd27d7cd5f06f13c17443ef369775a1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.58"
+version = "0.3.64"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fed94beee57daf8dd7d51f2b15dc2bcde92d7a72304cdf662a4371008b71b90"
+checksum = "9b85cbef8c220a6abc02aefd892dfc0fc23afb1c6a426316ec33253a3877249b"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1455,52 +1485,76 @@ checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea04155a16a59f9eab786fe12a4a450e75cdb175f9e0d80da1e17db09f55b8d2"
+checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
 dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc",
  "windows_i686_gnu",
  "windows_i686_msvc",
  "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
  "windows_x86_64_msvc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9bb8c3fd39ade2d67e9874ac4f3db21f0d710bee00fe7cab16949ec184eeaa47"
+checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "180e6ccf01daf4c426b846dfc66db1fc518f074baa793aa7d9b9aaeffad6a3b6"
+checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2e7917148b2812d1eeafaeb22a97e4813dfa60a3f8f78ebe204bcc88f12f024"
+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4dcd171b8776c41b97521e5da127a2d86ad280114807d0b2ab1e462bc764d9e1"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c811ca4a8c853ef420abd8592ba53ddbbac90410fab6903b3e79972a631f7680"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winreg"
-version = "0.10.1"
+version = "0.50.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "80d0f4e272c85def139476380b12f9ac60926689dd2e01d4923222f40580869d"
+checksum = "524e57b2c537c0f9b1e69f1965311ec12182b4122e45035b1508cd24d2adadb1"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.toml b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.toml
index 1fd9609ba2d1a..03264cde563bb 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.toml
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,17 +9,14 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-tokio = { version = "1", features=["rt", "rt-multi-thread"]}
-tonic = "0.7.1"
+tokio = { version = "1", features=["macros","rt", "rt-multi-thread"]}
+tonic = "0.10.2"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11"}
 serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
-rand = "0.7"
-clap = "2.26.0"
-prost = "0.10"
+rand = "0.8"
+clap = "4.4.6"
+prost = "0.12"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
-futures = "0.3.0"
-csv = "1.2.2"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
+futures = "0.3.28"
+csv = "1.3.0"
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/rust-toolchain b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/rust-toolchain
index 35bda38a1dcfb..292fe499e3b25 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/rust-toolchain
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/rust-toolchain
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-nightly-2022-06-20
+[toolchain]
+channel = "stable"
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities.rs
index 114a1e5c1ee0f..0bdf4fe0235d3 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl User {
         &'a self,
         client: &'a mut ServerClient<Channel>,
     ) -> Result<ActionHistory, &str> {
-        let changenum: i64 = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0, 90);
+        let changenum: i64 = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0..90);
         let (changenum, event_type) = {
             if changenum > 0 && changenum < 30 {
                 (changenum, "mfa+")
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl User {
 
         Ok(ActionHistory {
             userid: self.userid.clone(),
-            changenum: changenum,
+            changenum,
             event_type: event_type.to_string(),
             timestamp,
         })
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@ pub fn parse_user_metadata() -> Result<Vec<User>, ()> {
 
     let users = read_users_json(Path::new(&*generator_path).join("users.json")).unwrap();
 
-    return Ok(users);
+    Ok(users)
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities_taxi.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities_taxi.rs
index 8ef9e1f358e4b..b5800f707d0e0 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities_taxi.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/entities_taxi.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl TaxiFeature {
                 mta_tax: self.mta_tax,
                 tip_amount: self.tip_amount,
                 tolls_amount: self.tolls_amount,
-                ehail_fee: self.ehail_fee.unwrap_or_else(|| 0.0),
+                ehail_fee: self.ehail_fee.unwrap_or(0.0),
                 improvement_surcharge: self.improvement_surcharge,
                 total_amount: self.total_amount,
                 payment_type: self.payment_type,
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/main.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/main.rs
index daa6c30af1c74..f062b63d9cc84 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/main.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/main.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use clap::{App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use clap::{Arg, ArgMatches, Command};
 
 mod entities;
 mod entities_taxi;
@@ -9,22 +9,22 @@ mod simulation;
 async fn main() {
     let args = get_args();
     simulation::main_loop(
-        args.value_of("types")
+        args.get_one::<String>("types")
             .expect("failed to decode brokers")
             .to_string(),
     )
     .await;
 }
 
-fn get_args<'a>() -> ArgMatches<'a> {
-    App::new("simulator")
+fn get_args() -> ArgMatches {
+    Command::new("simulator")
         .about("The simulator")
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("types")
-                .short("t")
+            Arg::new("types")
+                .short('t')
                 .long("types")
                 .help("mfa or taxi")
-                .takes_value(true)
+                .num_args(1)
                 .default_value("taxi"),
         )
         .get_matches()
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/server_pb.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/server_pb.rs
index 1f2912d868412..697c2870b7df8 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/server_pb.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/server_pb.rs
@@ -1,96 +1,104 @@
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportActionRequest {
-    #[prost(string, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "1")]
     pub userid: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(string, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "2")]
     pub eventtype: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="3")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "3")]
     pub changenum: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportActionResponse {
-    #[prost(uint64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(uint64, tag = "1")]
     pub timestamp: u64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetFeatureRequest {
-    #[prost(string, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "1")]
     pub userid: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetFeatureResponse {
-    #[prost(uint64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(uint64, tag = "1")]
     pub count: u64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "2")]
     pub sum: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct ReportTaxiActionRequest {
-    #[prost(int32, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(int32, tag = "1")]
     pub vendor_id: i32,
-    #[prost(string, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "2")]
     pub lpep_pickup_datetime: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(string, tag="3")]
+    #[prost(string, tag = "3")]
     pub lpep_dropoff_datetime: ::prost::alloc::string::String,
-    #[prost(bool, tag="4")]
+    #[prost(bool, tag = "4")]
     pub store_and_fwd_flag: bool,
-    #[prost(double, tag="5")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "5")]
     pub ratecode_id: f64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="6")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "6")]
     pub pu_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="7")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "7")]
     pub do_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="8")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "8")]
     pub passenger_count: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="9")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "9")]
     pub trip_distance: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="10")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "10")]
     pub fare_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="11")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "11")]
     pub extra: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="12")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "12")]
     pub mta_tax: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="13")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "13")]
     pub tip_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="14")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "14")]
     pub tolls_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="15")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "15")]
     pub ehail_fee: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="16")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "16")]
     pub improvement_surcharge: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="17")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "17")]
     pub total_amount: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="18")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "18")]
     pub payment_type: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="19")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "19")]
     pub trip_type: f64,
-    #[prost(double, tag="20")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "20")]
     pub congestion_surcharge: f64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct ReportTaxiActionResponse {
-}
+pub struct ReportTaxiActionResponse {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetTaxiAmountRequest {
-    #[prost(int64, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "1")]
     pub do_location_id: i64,
-    #[prost(int64, tag="2")]
+    #[prost(int64, tag = "2")]
     pub pu_location_id: i64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
 pub struct GetTaxiAmountResponse {
-    #[prost(double, tag="1")]
+    #[prost(double, tag = "1")]
     pub fare_amount: f64,
 }
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct StartTrainingRequest {
-}
+pub struct StartTrainingRequest {}
+#[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
-pub struct StartTrainingResponse {
-}
+pub struct StartTrainingResponse {}
 /// Generated client implementations.
 pub mod server_client {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
+    use tonic::codegen::http::Uri;
     use tonic::codegen::*;
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
     pub struct ServerClient<T> {
@@ -100,7 +108,7 @@ pub mod server_client {
         /// Attempt to create a new client by connecting to a given endpoint.
         pub async fn connect<D>(dst: D) -> Result<Self, tonic::transport::Error>
         where
-            D: std::convert::TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
+            D: TryInto<tonic::transport::Endpoint>,
             D::Error: Into<StdError>,
         {
             let conn = tonic::transport::Endpoint::new(dst)?.connect().await?;
@@ -118,6 +126,10 @@ pub mod server_client {
             let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::new(inner);
             Self { inner }
         }
+        pub fn with_origin(inner: T, origin: Uri) -> Self {
+            let inner = tonic::client::Grpc::with_origin(inner, origin);
+            Self { inner }
+        }
         pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
             inner: T,
             interceptor: F,
@@ -131,121 +143,131 @@ pub mod server_client {
                     <T as tonic::client::GrpcService<tonic::body::BoxBody>>::ResponseBody,
                 >,
             >,
-            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<
-                http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>,
-            >>::Error: Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
+            <T as tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<tonic::body::BoxBody>>>::Error:
+                Into<StdError> + Send + Sync,
         {
             ServerClient::new(InterceptedService::new(inner, interceptor))
         }
-        /// Compress requests with `gzip`.
+        /// Compress requests with the given encoding.
         ///
         /// This requires the server to support it otherwise it might respond with an
         /// error.
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn send_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.send_gzip();
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.send_compressed(encoding);
             self
         }
-        /// Enable decompressing responses with `gzip`.
+        /// Enable decompressing responses.
         #[must_use]
-        pub fn accept_gzip(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.inner = self.inner.accept_gzip();
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.accept_compressed(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_decoding_message_size(limit);
+            self
+        }
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.inner = self.inner.max_encoding_message_size(limit);
             self
         }
         pub async fn get_feature(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/GetFeature",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/GetFeature");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "GetFeature"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
         pub async fn report_action(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::ReportActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/ReportAction",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/ReportAction");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "ReportAction"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
         pub async fn report_taxi_action(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "ReportTaxiAction"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
         pub async fn get_taxi_amount(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "GetTaxiAmount"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
         pub async fn start_training(
             &mut self,
             request: impl tonic::IntoRequest<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status> {
-            self.inner
-                .ready()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    tonic::Status::new(
-                        tonic::Code::Unknown,
-                        format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
-                    )
-                })?;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>
+        {
+            self.inner.ready().await.map_err(|e| {
+                tonic::Status::new(
+                    tonic::Code::Unknown,
+                    format!("Service was not ready: {}", e.into()),
+                )
+            })?;
             let codec = tonic::codec::ProstCodec::default();
-            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static(
-                "/server_pb.Server/StartTraining",
-            );
-            self.inner.unary(request.into_request(), path, codec).await
+            let path = http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/server_pb.Server/StartTraining");
+            let mut req = request.into_request();
+            req.extensions_mut()
+                .insert(GrpcMethod::new("server_pb.Server", "StartTraining"));
+            self.inner.unary(req, path, codec).await
         }
     }
 }
@@ -253,35 +275,37 @@ pub mod server_client {
 pub mod server_server {
     #![allow(unused_variables, dead_code, missing_docs, clippy::let_unit_value)]
     use tonic::codegen::*;
-    ///Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ServerServer.
+    /// Generated trait containing gRPC methods that should be implemented for use with ServerServer.
     #[async_trait]
     pub trait Server: Send + Sync + 'static {
         async fn get_feature(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetFeatureResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn report_action(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn report_taxi_action(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::ReportTaxiActionResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn get_taxi_amount(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::GetTaxiAmountResponse>, tonic::Status>;
         async fn start_training(
             &self,
             request: tonic::Request<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
-        ) -> Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
+        ) -> std::result::Result<tonic::Response<super::StartTrainingResponse>, tonic::Status>;
     }
     #[derive(Debug)]
     pub struct ServerServer<T: Server> {
         inner: _Inner<T>,
-        accept_compression_encodings: (),
-        send_compression_encodings: (),
+        accept_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        send_compression_encodings: EnabledCompressionEncodings,
+        max_decoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
+        max_encoding_message_size: Option<usize>,
     }
     struct _Inner<T>(Arc<T>);
     impl<T: Server> ServerServer<T> {
@@ -294,17 +318,44 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
                 send_compression_encodings: Default::default(),
+                max_decoding_message_size: None,
+                max_encoding_message_size: None,
             }
         }
-        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(
-            inner: T,
-            interceptor: F,
-        ) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
+        pub fn with_interceptor<F>(inner: T, interceptor: F) -> InterceptedService<Self, F>
         where
             F: tonic::service::Interceptor,
         {
             InterceptedService::new(Self::new(inner), interceptor)
         }
+        /// Enable decompressing requests with the given encoding.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn accept_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.accept_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+        /// Compress responses with the given encoding, if the client supports it.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn send_compressed(mut self, encoding: CompressionEncoding) -> Self {
+            self.send_compression_encodings.enable(encoding);
+            self
+        }
+        /// Limits the maximum size of a decoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `4MB`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_decoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_decoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
+        /// Limits the maximum size of an encoded message.
+        ///
+        /// Default: `usize::MAX`
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_encoding_message_size(mut self, limit: usize) -> Self {
+            self.max_encoding_message_size = Some(limit);
+            self
+        }
     }
     impl<T, B> tonic::codegen::Service<http::Request<B>> for ServerServer<T>
     where
@@ -318,7 +369,7 @@ pub mod server_server {
         fn poll_ready(
             &mut self,
             _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        ) -> Poll<std::result::Result<(), Self::Error>> {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
         }
         fn call(&mut self, req: http::Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
@@ -327,24 +378,23 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/GetFeature" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct GetFeatureSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetFeatureRequest>
-                    for GetFeatureSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetFeatureRequest> for GetFeatureSvc<T> {
                         type Response = super::GetFeatureResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::GetFeatureRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move { (*inner).get_feature(request).await };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::get_feature(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -354,6 +404,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -363,28 +417,23 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/ReportAction" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct ReportActionSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportActionRequest>
-                    for ReportActionSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportActionRequest> for ReportActionSvc<T> {
                         type Response = super::ReportActionResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportActionRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).report_action(request).await
-                            };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::report_action(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -394,6 +443,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -403,28 +456,26 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/ReportTaxiAction" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct ReportTaxiActionSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>
-                    for ReportTaxiActionSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>
+                        for ReportTaxiActionSvc<T>
+                    {
                         type Response = super::ReportTaxiActionResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::ReportTaxiActionRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
                             let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).report_taxi_action(request).await
+                                <T as Server>::report_taxi_action(&inner, request).await
                             };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -434,6 +485,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -443,28 +498,24 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/GetTaxiAmount" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct GetTaxiAmountSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>
-                    for GetTaxiAmountSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest> for GetTaxiAmountSvc<T> {
                         type Response = super::GetTaxiAmountResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::GetTaxiAmountRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
                             let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).get_taxi_amount(request).await
+                                <T as Server>::get_taxi_amount(&inner, request).await
                             };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -474,6 +525,10 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
@@ -483,28 +538,23 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 "/server_pb.Server/StartTraining" => {
                     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
                     struct StartTrainingSvc<T: Server>(pub Arc<T>);
-                    impl<
-                        T: Server,
-                    > tonic::server::UnaryService<super::StartTrainingRequest>
-                    for StartTrainingSvc<T> {
+                    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::UnaryService<super::StartTrainingRequest> for StartTrainingSvc<T> {
                         type Response = super::StartTrainingResponse;
-                        type Future = BoxFuture<
-                            tonic::Response<Self::Response>,
-                            tonic::Status,
-                        >;
+                        type Future = BoxFuture<tonic::Response<Self::Response>, tonic::Status>;
                         fn call(
                             &mut self,
                             request: tonic::Request<super::StartTrainingRequest>,
                         ) -> Self::Future {
-                            let inner = self.0.clone();
-                            let fut = async move {
-                                (*inner).start_training(request).await
-                            };
+                            let inner = Arc::clone(&self.0);
+                            let fut =
+                                async move { <T as Server>::start_training(&inner, request).await };
                             Box::pin(fut)
                         }
                     }
                     let accept_compression_encodings = self.accept_compression_encodings;
                     let send_compression_encodings = self.send_compression_encodings;
+                    let max_decoding_message_size = self.max_decoding_message_size;
+                    let max_encoding_message_size = self.max_encoding_message_size;
                     let inner = self.inner.clone();
                     let fut = async move {
                         let inner = inner.0;
@@ -514,24 +564,24 @@ pub mod server_server {
                             .apply_compression_config(
                                 accept_compression_encodings,
                                 send_compression_encodings,
+                            )
+                            .apply_max_message_size_config(
+                                max_decoding_message_size,
+                                max_encoding_message_size,
                             );
                         let res = grpc.unary(method, req).await;
                         Ok(res)
                     };
                     Box::pin(fut)
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    Box::pin(async move {
-                        Ok(
-                            http::Response::builder()
-                                .status(200)
-                                .header("grpc-status", "12")
-                                .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
-                                .body(empty_body())
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        )
-                    })
-                }
+                _ => Box::pin(async move {
+                    Ok(http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .header("grpc-status", "12")
+                        .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
+                        .body(empty_body())
+                        .unwrap())
+                }),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -542,12 +592,14 @@ pub mod server_server {
                 inner,
                 accept_compression_encodings: self.accept_compression_encodings,
                 send_compression_encodings: self.send_compression_encodings,
+                max_decoding_message_size: self.max_decoding_message_size,
+                max_encoding_message_size: self.max_encoding_message_size,
             }
         }
     }
     impl<T: Server> Clone for _Inner<T> {
         fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-            Self(self.0.clone())
+            Self(Arc::clone(&self.0))
         }
     }
     impl<T: std::fmt::Debug> std::fmt::Debug for _Inner<T> {
@@ -555,7 +607,7 @@ pub mod server_server {
             write!(f, "{:?}", self.0)
         }
     }
-    impl<T: Server> tonic::transport::NamedService for ServerServer<T> {
+    impl<T: Server> tonic::server::NamedService for ServerServer<T> {
         const NAME: &'static str = "server_pb.Server";
     }
 }
diff --git a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/simulation.rs b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/simulation.rs
index 96f3c31921a5e..8a693e9227809 100644
--- a/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/simulation.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/feature-store/simulator/src/simulation.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::thread::sleep;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use futures::future::join_all;
-use rand;
 use rand::Rng;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tonic::transport::Channel;
@@ -14,8 +13,7 @@ use crate::server_pb::StartTrainingRequest;
 use crate::{entities, entities_taxi};
 
 fn get_delay_mills(delay_val: f64) -> u64 {
-    let turbulence =
-        rand::thread_rng().gen_range((delay_val * 0.6) as f64, (delay_val * 1.1) as f64) as f64;
+    let turbulence = rand::thread_rng().gen_range((delay_val * 0.6)..(delay_val * 1.1));
     (turbulence * 10000.0) as u64
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ pub async fn main_loop(simulator_type: String) {
     }
 }
 
-async fn mock_taxi(client: Arc<Mutex<ServerClient<Channel>>>) -> () {
+async fn mock_taxi(client: Arc<Mutex<ServerClient<Channel>>>) {
     let (offline_features, online_features) = entities_taxi::parse_taxi_metadata();
     println!("Write training data len is {:?}", offline_features.len());
     let mut threads = vec![];
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ async fn mock_taxi(client: Arc<Mutex<ServerClient<Channel>>>) -> () {
 }
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-async fn mock_user_mfa(client: Arc<Mutex<ServerClient<Channel>>>) -> () {
+async fn mock_user_mfa(client: Arc<Mutex<ServerClient<Channel>>>) {
     let users = entities::parse_user_metadata().unwrap();
     let mut threads = vec![];
     for user in users {

From 878ebac88d6af6df286440e50df2b453960dc2ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 17:35:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 381/430] feat(ctl): support rebuild table stats with
 approximate value (#12946)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                          |   5 +
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/list_version.rs |   6 +
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                           |   5 +
 src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs      |   8 +
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs   | 156 ++++++++++++++++++-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs            |   7 +
 6 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index 6957d7e060524..1b557ca5fb31b 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -681,6 +681,10 @@ message ListHummockMetaConfigResponse {
   map<string, string> configs = 1;
 }
 
+message RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest {}
+
+message RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse {}
+
 service HummockManagerService {
   rpc UnpinVersionBefore(UnpinVersionBeforeRequest) returns (UnpinVersionBeforeResponse);
   rpc GetCurrentVersion(GetCurrentVersionRequest) returns (GetCurrentVersionResponse);
@@ -706,6 +710,7 @@ service HummockManagerService {
   rpc RiseCtlPauseVersionCheckpoint(RiseCtlPauseVersionCheckpointRequest) returns (RiseCtlPauseVersionCheckpointResponse);
   rpc RiseCtlResumeVersionCheckpoint(RiseCtlResumeVersionCheckpointRequest) returns (RiseCtlResumeVersionCheckpointResponse);
   rpc RiseCtlGetCheckpointVersion(RiseCtlGetCheckpointVersionRequest) returns (RiseCtlGetCheckpointVersionResponse);
+  rpc RiseCtlRebuildTableStats(RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest) returns (RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse);
   rpc InitMetadataForReplay(InitMetadataForReplayRequest) returns (InitMetadataForReplayResponse);
   rpc PinVersion(PinVersionRequest) returns (PinVersionResponse);
   rpc SplitCompactionGroup(SplitCompactionGroupRequest) returns (SplitCompactionGroupResponse);
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/list_version.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/list_version.rs
index 6935dcf604142..3973860d9e30e 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/list_version.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/list_version.rs
@@ -148,3 +148,9 @@ pub async fn list_pinned_snapshots(context: &CtlContext) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     }
     Ok(())
 }
+
+pub async fn rebuild_table_stats(context: &CtlContext) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
+    meta_client.risectl_rebuild_table_stats().await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index 4908e8cdb952e..cf194884d52f3 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -246,6 +246,8 @@ enum HummockCommands {
     },
     /// Validate the current HummockVersion.
     ValidateVersion,
+    /// Rebuild table stats
+    RebuildTableStats,
 }
 
 #[derive(Subcommand)]
@@ -608,6 +610,9 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
         Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ValidateVersion) => {
             cmd_impl::hummock::validate_version(context).await?;
         }
+        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::RebuildTableStats) => {
+            cmd_impl::hummock::rebuild_table_stats(context).await?;
+        }
         Commands::Table(TableCommands::Scan { mv_name, data_dir }) => {
             cmd_impl::table::scan(context, mv_name, data_dir).await?
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
index 74dc37b82d21e..56bb78f19249f 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
@@ -594,6 +594,14 @@ impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
         );
         Ok(Response::new(ListHummockMetaConfigResponse { configs }))
     }
+
+    async fn rise_ctl_rebuild_table_stats(
+        &self,
+        _request: Request<RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse>, Status> {
+        self.hummock_manager.rebuild_table_stats().await?;
+        Ok(Response::new(RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse {}))
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
index 1e939513bbf3d..e1ed8a5d716c2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/versioning.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::hummock_version_ext::{
     HummockVersionExt,
 };
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::{StateTableId, StaticCompactionGroupId};
+use risingwave_hummock_sdk::table_stats::add_prost_table_stats_map;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{
     CompactionGroupId, HummockContextId, HummockSstableObjectId, HummockVersionId, FIRST_VERSION_ID,
 };
@@ -30,15 +31,18 @@ use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
     CompactionConfig, HummockPinnedSnapshot, HummockPinnedVersion, HummockVersion,
-    HummockVersionCheckpoint, HummockVersionDelta, HummockVersionStats,
+    HummockVersionCheckpoint, HummockVersionDelta, HummockVersionStats, SstableInfo, TableStats,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 
+use crate::hummock::error::Result;
 use crate::hummock::manager::worker::{HummockManagerEvent, HummockManagerEventSender};
-use crate::hummock::manager::{read_lock, write_lock};
+use crate::hummock::manager::{commit_multi_var, read_lock, write_lock};
 use crate::hummock::metrics_utils::{trigger_safepoint_stat, trigger_write_stop_stats};
 use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
 use crate::hummock::HummockManager;
+use crate::model::{ValTransaction, VarTransaction};
+use crate::storage::Transaction;
 
 /// `HummockVersionSafePoint` prevents hummock versions GE than it from being GC.
 /// It's used by meta node itself to temporarily pin versions.
@@ -277,6 +281,16 @@ impl HummockManager {
         let guard = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
         guard.branched_ssts.clone()
     }
+
+    #[named]
+    pub async fn rebuild_table_stats(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut versioning = write_lock!(self, versioning).await;
+        let new_stats = rebuild_table_stats(&versioning.current_version);
+        let mut version_stats = VarTransaction::new(&mut versioning.version_stats);
+        *version_stats = new_stats;
+        commit_multi_var!(self, None, Transaction::default(), version_stats)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Calculates write limits for `target_groups`.
@@ -338,6 +352,47 @@ pub(super) fn create_init_version(default_compaction_config: CompactionConfig) -
     init_version
 }
 
+/// Rebuilds table stats from the given version.
+/// Note that the result is approximate value. See `estimate_table_stats`.
+fn rebuild_table_stats(version: &HummockVersion) -> HummockVersionStats {
+    let mut stats = HummockVersionStats {
+        hummock_version_id: version.id,
+        table_stats: Default::default(),
+    };
+    for level in version.get_combined_levels() {
+        for sst in &level.table_infos {
+            let changes = estimate_table_stats(sst);
+            add_prost_table_stats_map(&mut stats.table_stats, &changes);
+        }
+    }
+    stats
+}
+
+/// Estimates table stats change from the given file.
+/// - The file stats is evenly distributed among multiple tables within the file.
+/// - The total key size and total value size are estimated based on key range and file size.
+/// - Branched files may lead to an overestimation.
+fn estimate_table_stats(sst: &SstableInfo) -> HashMap<u32, TableStats> {
+    let mut changes: HashMap<u32, TableStats> = HashMap::default();
+    let weighted_value =
+        |value: i64| -> i64 { (value as f64 / sst.table_ids.len() as f64).ceil() as i64 };
+    let key_range = sst.key_range.as_ref().unwrap();
+    let estimated_key_size: u64 = (key_range.left.len() + key_range.right.len()) as u64 / 2;
+    let mut estimated_total_key_size = estimated_key_size * sst.total_key_count;
+    if estimated_total_key_size > sst.uncompressed_file_size {
+        estimated_total_key_size = sst.uncompressed_file_size / 2;
+        tracing::warn!(sst.sst_id, "Calculated estimated_total_key_size {} > uncompressed_file_size {}. Use uncompressed_file_size/2 as estimated_total_key_size instead.", estimated_total_key_size, sst.uncompressed_file_size);
+    }
+    let estimated_total_value_size = sst.uncompressed_file_size - estimated_total_key_size;
+    for table_id in &sst.table_ids {
+        let e = changes.entry(*table_id).or_default();
+        e.total_key_count += weighted_value(sst.total_key_count as i64);
+        e.total_key_size += weighted_value(estimated_total_key_size as i64);
+        e.total_value_size += weighted_value(estimated_total_value_size as i64);
+    }
+    changes
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -346,10 +401,15 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{CompactionGroupId, HummockVersionId};
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_version::Levels;
     use risingwave_pb::hummock::write_limits::WriteLimit;
-    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{HummockPinnedVersion, HummockVersion, Level, OverlappingLevel};
+    use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
+        HummockPinnedVersion, HummockVersion, HummockVersionStats, KeyRange, Level,
+        OverlappingLevel, SstableInfo,
+    };
 
     use crate::hummock::compaction::compaction_config::CompactionConfigBuilder;
-    use crate::hummock::manager::versioning::{calc_new_write_limits, Versioning};
+    use crate::hummock::manager::versioning::{
+        calc_new_write_limits, estimate_table_stats, rebuild_table_stats, Versioning,
+    };
     use crate::hummock::model::CompactionGroup;
 
     #[test]
@@ -470,4 +530,92 @@ mod tests {
             "too many L0 sub levels: 11 > 5"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_estimate_table_stats() {
+        let sst = SstableInfo {
+            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                left: vec![1; 10],
+                right: vec![1; 20],
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            table_ids: vec![1, 2, 3],
+            total_key_count: 6000,
+            uncompressed_file_size: 6_000_000,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let changes = estimate_table_stats(&sst);
+        assert_eq!(changes.len(), 3);
+        for stats in changes.values() {
+            assert_eq!(stats.total_key_count, 6000 / 3);
+            assert_eq!(stats.total_key_size, (10 + 20) / 2 * 6000 / 3);
+            assert_eq!(
+                stats.total_value_size,
+                (6_000_000 - (10 + 20) / 2 * 6000) / 3
+            );
+        }
+
+        let mut version = HummockVersion {
+            id: 123,
+            levels: Default::default(),
+            max_committed_epoch: 0,
+            safe_epoch: 0,
+        };
+        for cg in 1..3 {
+            version.levels.insert(
+                cg,
+                Levels {
+                    levels: vec![Level {
+                        table_infos: vec![sst.clone()],
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    }],
+                    l0: Some(Default::default()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            );
+        }
+        let HummockVersionStats {
+            hummock_version_id,
+            table_stats,
+        } = rebuild_table_stats(&version);
+        assert_eq!(hummock_version_id, version.id);
+        assert_eq!(table_stats.len(), 3);
+        for (tid, stats) in table_stats {
+            assert_eq!(
+                stats.total_key_count,
+                changes.get(&tid).unwrap().total_key_count * 2
+            );
+            assert_eq!(
+                stats.total_key_size,
+                changes.get(&tid).unwrap().total_key_size * 2
+            );
+            assert_eq!(
+                stats.total_value_size,
+                changes.get(&tid).unwrap().total_value_size * 2
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_estimate_table_stats_large_key_range() {
+        let sst = SstableInfo {
+            key_range: Some(KeyRange {
+                left: vec![1; 1000],
+                right: vec![1; 2000],
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            table_ids: vec![1, 2, 3],
+            total_key_count: 6000,
+            uncompressed_file_size: 60_000,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let changes = estimate_table_stats(&sst);
+        assert_eq!(changes.len(), 3);
+        for t in &sst.table_ids {
+            let stats = changes.get(t).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(stats.total_key_count, 6000 / 3);
+            assert_eq!(stats.total_key_size, 60_000 / 2 / 3);
+            assert_eq!(stats.total_value_size, (60_000 - 60_000 / 2) / 3);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 74a80f8e9f3e6..73664b6540a45 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -1045,6 +1045,12 @@ impl MetaClient {
         ))
     }
 
+    pub async fn risectl_rebuild_table_stats(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let req = RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest {};
+        let _resp = self.inner.rise_ctl_rebuild_table_stats(req).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub async fn list_branched_object(&self) -> Result<Vec<BranchedObject>> {
         let req = ListBranchedObjectRequest {};
         let resp = self.inner.list_branched_object(req).await?;
@@ -1728,6 +1734,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_meta_rpc {
             ,{ hummock_client, init_metadata_for_replay, InitMetadataForReplayRequest, InitMetadataForReplayResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, split_compaction_group, SplitCompactionGroupRequest, SplitCompactionGroupResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_list_compaction_status, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse }
+            ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_rebuild_table_stats, RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest, RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, subscribe_compaction_event, impl tonic::IntoStreamingRequest<Message = SubscribeCompactionEventRequest>, Streaming<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse> }
             ,{ hummock_client, list_branched_object, ListBranchedObjectRequest, ListBranchedObjectResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, list_active_write_limit, ListActiveWriteLimitRequest, ListActiveWriteLimitResponse }

From 399cbc07c422a32022abab43d8aa7ba961afc942 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 05:31:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 382/430] feat(dashboard): dump await-tree for all compute
 nodes (#12947)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  4 +-
 Cargo.toml                                    |  2 +-
 Makefile.toml                                 |  1 +
 dashboard/pages/await_tree.tsx                | 31 +++++--
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        | 12 +--
 src/ctl/src/cmd_impl.rs                       |  2 +-
 .../src/cmd_impl/{trace.rs => await_tree.rs}  | 88 +++++++++----------
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |  7 +-
 src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs                 | 43 +++++++--
 src/prost/build.rs                            |  5 ++
 src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs              |  3 +-
 11 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
 rename src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/{trace.rs => await_tree.rs} (50%)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 247852213c422..a337219231016 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4587,9 +4587,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "madsim-tonic-build"
-version = "0.4.1+0.10.0"
+version = "0.4.2+0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3434b3d59001abcce56b9170fbd7982377858d8b931e8472056bf0c894ab257"
+checksum = "4a2ad2776ba20221ccbe4e136e2fa0f7ab90eebd608373177f3e74a198a288ec"
 dependencies = [
  "prettyplease 0.2.15",
  "proc-macro2",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 74a097d4eb9d7..ef09221b818a2 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.14.0", features = [
 ] }
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["async_futures"] }
 tonic = { package = "madsim-tonic", version = "0.4.0" }
-tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.4.0" }
+tonic-build = { package = "madsim-tonic-build", version = "0.4.2" }
 prost = { version = "0.12" }
 icelake = { git = "https://github.com/icelake-io/icelake", rev = "16dab0e36ab337e58ee8002d828def2d212fa116" }
 arrow-array = "47"
diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index a0c6213a63c82..1203a847e1e94 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ condition = { env_set = [
   "ENABLE_BUILD_DASHBOARD",
 ], files_modified = { input = [
   "./dashboard/**/*.js",
+  "./dashboard/**/*.ts*",
   "./dashboard/package.json",
   "./dashboard/next.config.js",
 ], output = [
diff --git a/dashboard/pages/await_tree.tsx b/dashboard/pages/await_tree.tsx
index 8908e121deabd..3db6b6677274a 100644
--- a/dashboard/pages/await_tree.tsx
+++ b/dashboard/pages/await_tree.tsx
@@ -36,22 +36,32 @@ import { getClusterInfoComputeNode } from "./api/cluster"
 import useFetch from "./api/fetch"
 
 const SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 200
+const ALL_COMPUTE_NODES = ""
 
 export default function AwaitTreeDump() {
   const { response: computeNodes } = useFetch(getClusterInfoComputeNode)
 
-  const [computeNodeId, setComputeNodeId] = useState<number>()
-  const [dump, setDump] = useState<string | undefined>("")
+  const [computeNodeId, setComputeNodeId] = useState<string>()
+  const [dump, setDump] = useState<string>("")
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (computeNodes && !computeNodeId && computeNodes.length > 0) {
-      setComputeNodeId(computeNodes[0].id)
+    if (computeNodes && !computeNodeId) {
+      setComputeNodeId(ALL_COMPUTE_NODES)
     }
   }, [computeNodes, computeNodeId])
 
   const dumpTree = async () => {
-    const title = `Await-Tree Dump of Compute Node ${computeNodeId}:`
-    setDump(undefined)
+    if (computeNodeId === undefined) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    let title
+    if (computeNodeId === ALL_COMPUTE_NODES) {
+      title = "Await-Tree Dump of All Compute Nodes:"
+    } else {
+      title = `Await-Tree Dump of Compute Node ${computeNodeId}:`
+    }
+    setDump("Loading...")
 
     let result
 
@@ -92,10 +102,13 @@ export default function AwaitTreeDump() {
             <FormLabel>Compute Nodes</FormLabel>
             <VStack>
               <Select
-                onChange={(event) =>
-                  setComputeNodeId(parseInt(event.target.value))
-                }
+                onChange={(event) => setComputeNodeId(event.target.value)}
               >
+                {computeNodes && (
+                  <option value={ALL_COMPUTE_NODES} key={ALL_COMPUTE_NODES}>
+                    All
+                  </option>
+                )}
                 {computeNodes &&
                   computeNodes.map((n) => (
                     <option value={n.id} key={n.id}>
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 565a7af2467ec..97a0b80773791 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub mod grpc_middleware {
     use tower::{Layer, Service};
 
     /// Manages the await-trees of `gRPC` requests that are currently served by the compute node.
-    pub type AwaitTreeRegistryRef = Arc<Mutex<await_tree::Registry<u64>>>;
+    pub type AwaitTreeRegistryRef = Arc<Mutex<await_tree::Registry<String>>>;
 
     #[derive(Clone)]
     pub struct AwaitTreeMiddlewareLayer {
@@ -308,12 +308,14 @@ pub mod grpc_middleware {
             let mut inner = std::mem::replace(&mut self.inner, clone);
 
             let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let key = if let Some(authority) = req.uri().authority() {
+                format!("{authority} - {id}")
+            } else {
+                format!("?? - {id}")
+            };
 
             Either::Right(async move {
-                let root = registry
-                    .lock()
-                    .await
-                    .register(id, format!("{}:{}", req.uri().path(), id));
+                let root = registry.lock().await.register(key, req.uri().path());
 
                 root.instrument(inner.call(req)).await
             })
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl.rs
index 97a8f2c24a3f4..83fb9402e0c7a 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+pub mod await_tree;
 pub mod bench;
 pub mod compute;
 pub mod debug;
@@ -20,4 +21,3 @@ pub mod meta;
 pub mod profile;
 pub mod scale;
 pub mod table;
-pub mod trace;
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/trace.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/await_tree.rs
similarity index 50%
rename from src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/trace.rs
rename to src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/await_tree.rs
index dec02108ce115..f01b07b6cd105 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/trace.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/await_tree.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-
 use risingwave_common::util::addr::HostAddr;
 use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerType;
 use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::StackTraceResponse;
@@ -21,66 +19,62 @@ use risingwave_rpc_client::{CompactorClient, ComputeClientPool};
 
 use crate::CtlContext;
 
-pub async fn trace(context: &CtlContext) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
+fn merge(a: &mut StackTraceResponse, b: StackTraceResponse) {
+    a.actor_traces.extend(b.actor_traces);
+    a.rpc_traces.extend(b.rpc_traces);
+    a.compaction_task_traces.extend(b.compaction_task_traces);
+}
 
-    let workers = meta_client.get_cluster_info().await?.worker_nodes;
-    let compute_nodes = workers
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter(|w| w.r#type() == WorkerType::ComputeNode);
+pub async fn dump(context: &CtlContext) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let mut all = Default::default();
 
-    let clients = ComputeClientPool::default();
+    let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
 
-    let mut all_actor_traces = BTreeMap::new();
-    let mut all_rpc_traces = BTreeMap::new();
+    let compute_nodes = meta_client
+        .list_worker_nodes(WorkerType::ComputeNode)
+        .await?;
+    let clients = ComputeClientPool::default();
 
     // FIXME: the compute node may not be accessible directly from risectl, we may let the meta
     // service collect the reports from all compute nodes in the future.
     for cn in compute_nodes {
         let client = clients.get(&cn).await?;
-        let StackTraceResponse {
-            actor_traces,
-            rpc_traces,
-            ..
-        } = client.stack_trace().await?;
-
-        all_actor_traces.extend(actor_traces);
-        all_rpc_traces.extend(rpc_traces.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| {
-            (
-                format!("{} ({})", HostAddr::from(cn.get_host().unwrap()), k),
-                v,
-            )
-        }));
-    }
-
-    if all_actor_traces.is_empty() && all_rpc_traces.is_empty() {
-        println!("No traces found. No actors are running, or `--async-stack-trace` not set?");
-    } else {
-        println!("--- Actor Traces ---");
-        for (key, trace) in all_actor_traces {
-            println!(">> Actor {key}\n{trace}");
-        }
-        println!("--- RPC Traces ---");
-        for (key, trace) in all_rpc_traces {
-            println!(">> RPC {key}\n{trace}");
-        }
+        let response = client.stack_trace().await?;
+        merge(&mut all, response);
     }
 
     let compactor_nodes = meta_client.list_worker_nodes(WorkerType::Compactor).await?;
-    let mut all_compaction_task_traces = BTreeMap::new();
+
     for compactor in compactor_nodes {
         let addr: HostAddr = compactor.get_host().unwrap().into();
         let client = CompactorClient::new(addr).await?;
-        let StackTraceResponse {
-            compaction_task_traces,
-            ..
-        } = client.stack_trace().await?;
-        all_compaction_task_traces.extend(compaction_task_traces);
+        let response = client.stack_trace().await?;
+        merge(&mut all, response);
     }
-    if !all_compaction_task_traces.is_empty() {
-        println!("--- Compactor Traces ---");
-        for (key, trace) in all_compaction_task_traces {
-            println!(">> Compaction Task {key}\n{trace}");
+
+    if all.actor_traces.is_empty()
+        && all.rpc_traces.is_empty()
+        && all.compaction_task_traces.is_empty()
+    {
+        println!("No traces found. No actors are running, or `--async-stack-trace` not set?");
+    } else {
+        if !all.actor_traces.is_empty() {
+            println!("--- Actor Traces ---");
+            for (key, trace) in all.actor_traces {
+                println!(">> Actor {key}\n{trace}");
+            }
+        }
+        if !all.rpc_traces.is_empty() {
+            println!("\n\n--- RPC Traces ---");
+            for (key, trace) in all.rpc_traces {
+                println!(">> RPC {key}\n{trace}");
+            }
+        }
+        if !all.compaction_task_traces.is_empty() {
+            println!("\n\n--- Compactor Traces ---");
+            for (key, trace) in all.compaction_task_traces {
+                println!(">> Compaction Task {key}\n{trace}");
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index cf194884d52f3..bfb5f0571a26d 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -68,8 +68,9 @@ enum Commands {
     /// Commands for Debug
     #[clap(subcommand)]
     Debug(DebugCommands),
-    /// Commands for tracing the compute nodes
-    Trace,
+    /// Dump the await-tree of compute nodes and compactors
+    #[clap(visible_alias("trace"))]
+    AwaitTree,
     // TODO(yuhao): profile other nodes
     /// Commands for profilng the compute nodes
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -658,7 +659,7 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
         Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::ValidateSource { props }) => {
             cmd_impl::meta::validate_source(context, props).await?
         }
-        Commands::Trace => cmd_impl::trace::trace(context).await?,
+        Commands::AwaitTree => cmd_impl::await_tree::dump(context).await?,
         Commands::Profile(ProfileCommands::Cpu { sleep }) => {
             cmd_impl::profile::cpu_profile(context, sleep).await?
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
index a184bc9155e68..6a10dd9c02bb3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/dashboard/mod.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
     use risingwave_common_heap_profiling::COLLAPSED_SUFFIX;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::{Sink, Source, Table};
-    use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerNode;
+    use risingwave_pb::common::{WorkerNode, WorkerType};
     use risingwave_pb::meta::{ActorLocation, PbTableFragments};
     use risingwave_pb::monitor_service::{
         HeapProfilingResponse, ListHeapProfilingResponse, StackTraceResponse,
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
         Path(ty): Path<i32>,
         Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
     ) -> Result<Json<Vec<WorkerNode>>> {
-        use risingwave_pb::common::WorkerType;
         let mut result = srv
             .cluster_manager
             .list_worker_node(
@@ -198,6 +197,39 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
         Ok(Json(table_fragments))
     }
 
+    async fn dump_await_tree_inner(
+        worker_nodes: impl IntoIterator<Item = &WorkerNode>,
+        compute_clients: &ComputeClientPool,
+    ) -> Result<Json<StackTraceResponse>> {
+        let mut all = Default::default();
+
+        fn merge(a: &mut StackTraceResponse, b: StackTraceResponse) {
+            a.actor_traces.extend(b.actor_traces);
+            a.rpc_traces.extend(b.rpc_traces);
+            a.compaction_task_traces.extend(b.compaction_task_traces);
+        }
+
+        for worker_node in worker_nodes {
+            let client = compute_clients.get(worker_node).await.map_err(err)?;
+            let result = client.stack_trace().await.map_err(err)?;
+
+            merge(&mut all, result);
+        }
+
+        Ok(all.into())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn dump_await_tree_all(
+        Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
+    ) -> Result<Json<StackTraceResponse>> {
+        let worker_nodes = srv
+            .cluster_manager
+            .list_worker_node(WorkerType::ComputeNode, None)
+            .await;
+
+        dump_await_tree_inner(&worker_nodes, &srv.compute_clients).await
+    }
+
     pub async fn dump_await_tree(
         Path(worker_id): Path<WorkerId>,
         Extension(srv): Extension<Service>,
@@ -210,11 +242,7 @@ pub(super) mod handlers {
             .map_err(err)?
             .worker_node;
 
-        let client = srv.compute_clients.get(&worker_node).await.map_err(err)?;
-
-        let result = client.stack_trace().await.map_err(err)?;
-
-        Ok(result.into())
+        dump_await_tree_inner(std::iter::once(&worker_node), &srv.compute_clients).await
     }
 
     pub async fn heap_profile(
@@ -325,6 +353,7 @@ impl DashboardService {
                 get(prometheus::list_prometheus_actor_back_pressure),
             )
             .route("/monitor/await_tree/:worker_id", get(dump_await_tree))
+            .route("/monitor/await_tree/", get(dump_await_tree_all))
             .route("/monitor/dump_heap_profile/:worker_id", get(heap_profile))
             .route(
                 "/monitor/list_heap_profile/:worker_id",
diff --git a/src/prost/build.rs b/src/prost/build.rs
index 71e813796e504..5722a04767962 100644
--- a/src/prost/build.rs
+++ b/src/prost/build.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         .map(|f| format!("{}/{}.proto", proto_dir, f))
         .collect();
 
+    // Paths to generate `BTreeMap` for protobuf maps.
+    let btree_map_paths = [".monitor_service.StackTraceResponse"];
+
     // Build protobuf structs.
 
     // We first put generated files to `OUT_DIR`, then copy them to `/src` only if they are changed.
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             "stream_plan.Barrier.BarrierKind",
             "#[derive(::enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner)]",
         )
+        .btree_map(btree_map_paths)
         // Eq + Hash are for plan nodes to do common sub-plan detection.
         // The requirement is from Source node -> SourceCatalog -> WatermarkDesc -> expr
         .type_attribute("catalog.WatermarkDesc", "#[derive(Eq, Hash)]")
@@ -116,6 +120,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     // Implement `serde::Serialize` on those structs.
     let descriptor_set = fs_err::read(file_descriptor_set_path)?;
     pbjson_build::Builder::new()
+        .btree_map(btree_map_paths)
         .register_descriptors(&descriptor_set)?
         .out_dir(out_dir.as_path())
         .build(&["."])
diff --git a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
index 18f5ba6edd443..2182d47af8642 100644
--- a/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
+++ b/src/storage/compactor/src/rpc.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         _request: Request<StackTraceRequest>,
     ) -> Result<Response<StackTraceResponse>, Status> {
         let compaction_task_traces = match &self.await_tree_reg {
-            None => HashMap::default(),
+            None => Default::default(),
             Some(await_tree_reg) => await_tree_reg
                 .read()
                 .iter()

From 272ce88175d6294d57d1f6f2b740afeba76e9c8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Huangjw <1223644280@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 19:19:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 383/430] fix(release): install javadoc in release script
 (#12949)

---
 ci/scripts/release.sh | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/release.sh b/ci/scripts/release.sh
index fee45e6afc4f8..08e5794f173cd 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/release.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/release.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ if [ "${BUILDKITE_SOURCE}" != "schedule" ] && [ "${BUILDKITE_SOURCE}" != "webhoo
 fi
 
 echo "--- Install java and maven"
-yum install -y java-11-openjdk wget python3 cyrus-sasl-devel
+yum install -y java-11-openjdk java-11-openjdk-devel wget python3 cyrus-sasl-devel
 pip3 install toml-cli
 wget https://ci-deps-dist.s3.amazonaws.com/apache-maven-3.9.3-bin.tar.gz && tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.9.3-bin.tar.gz
 export PATH="${REPO_ROOT}/apache-maven-3.9.3/bin:$PATH"
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ elif [[ -n "${BINARY_NAME+x}" ]]; then
     aws s3 cp risingwave-${BINARY_NAME}-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz s3://risingwave-nightly-pre-built-binary
 fi
 
+echo "--- Build connector node"
+cd ${REPO_ROOT}/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dno-build-rust
+cd ${REPO_ROOT} && mv ${REPO_ROOT}/java/connector-node/assembly/target/risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz risingwave-connector-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}".tar.gz
+
 if [[ -n "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" ]]; then
   echo "--- Install gh cli"
   yum install -y dnf
@@ -87,8 +91,6 @@ if [[ -n "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" ]]; then
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risectl-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}"-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
 
   echo "--- Release build and upload risingwave connector node jar asset"
-  cd ${REPO_ROOT}/java && mvn -B package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dno-build-rust
-  cd connector-node/assembly/target && mv risingwave-connector-1.0.0.tar.gz risingwave-connector-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}".tar.gz
   gh release upload "${BUILDKITE_TAG}" risingwave-connector-"${BUILDKITE_TAG}".tar.gz
 fi
 

From 38f8ec1d7150d4495763ad9880d04aebc0314966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 09:30:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 384/430] chore(deps): Bump uuid from 1.4.1 to 1.5.0 (#12955)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a337219231016..94d936ed0c51a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10479,9 +10479,9 @@ checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79daa5ed5740825c40b389c5e50312b9c86df53fccd33f281df655642b43869d"
+checksum = "88ad59a7560b41a70d191093a945f0b87bc1deeda46fb237479708a1d6b6cdfc"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "rand",

From fdc4139f1db60544cf0c24b33984c9babbcdb41b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 09:30:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 385/430] chore(deps): Bump rustix from 0.36.15 to 0.36.16
 (#12953)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 94d936ed0c51a..bb58e6cac3fa1 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6208,7 +6208,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "hex",
  "lazy_static",
- "rustix 0.36.15",
+ "rustix 0.36.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6221,7 +6221,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "hex",
  "lazy_static",
- "rustix 0.36.15",
+ "rustix 0.36.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8288,9 +8288,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.36.15"
+version = "0.36.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c37f1bd5ef1b5422177b7646cba67430579cfe2ace80f284fee876bca52ad941"
+checksum = "6da3636faa25820d8648e0e31c5d519bbb01f72fdf57131f0f5f7da5fed36eab"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "errno",

From 8d5d518e5a2994a0da4b6b045542816d67153e01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 09:30:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 386/430] chore(deps): Bump rustix from 0.38.4 to 0.38.19 in
 /src/tests/libpq_test (#12954)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 src/tests/libpq_test/Cargo.lock | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tests/libpq_test/Cargo.lock b/src/tests/libpq_test/Cargo.lock
index 38710822ca506..74beef901a9ea 100644
--- a/src/tests/libpq_test/Cargo.lock
+++ b/src/tests/libpq_test/Cargo.lock
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.3.3"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "630be753d4e58660abd17930c71b647fe46c27ea6b63cc59e1e3851406972e42"
+checksum = "327762f6e5a765692301e5bb513e0d9fef63be86bbc14528052b1cd3e6f03e07"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ checksum = "830d08ce1d1d941e6b30645f1a0eb5643013d835ce3779a5fc208261dbe10f55"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.147"
+version = "0.2.149"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4668fb0ea861c1df094127ac5f1da3409a82116a4ba74fca2e58ef927159bb3"
+checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09fc20d2ca12cb9f044c93e3bd6d32d523e6e2ec3db4f7b2939cd99026ecd3f0"
+checksum = "da2479e8c062e40bf0066ffa0bc823de0a9368974af99c9f6df941d2c231e03f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
@@ -402,11 +402,11 @@ checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.4"
+version = "0.38.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0a962918ea88d644592894bc6dc55acc6c0956488adcebbfb6e273506b7fd6e5"
+checksum = "745ecfa778e66b2b63c88a61cb36e0eea109e803b0b86bf9879fbc77c70e86ed"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.3.3",
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",

From 1b0d5eeef86cc2dca8a4ced86b7f92fe706194f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 21:29:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 387/430] fix(stream): add assertion to ensure pk indices
 consistency (#12763)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs | 11 +++++------
 src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs           | 10 ++++++++--
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
index 24b77af41e0f6..3f0793595c7c5 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/trad_source.rs
@@ -162,13 +162,12 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                     let table_type = ExternalTableType::from_properties(&source.properties);
                     if table_type.can_backfill() && let Some(table_desc) = source_info.upstream_table.clone() {
                         let upstream_table_name = SchemaTableName::from_properties(&source.properties);
-                        let pk_indices = table_desc
+                        let table_pk_indices = table_desc
                             .pk
                             .iter()
                             .map(|k| k.column_index as usize)
                             .collect_vec();
-
-                        let order_types = table_desc
+                        let table_pk_order_types = table_desc
                             .pk
                             .iter()
                             .map(|desc| OrderType::from_protobuf(desc.get_order_type().unwrap()))
@@ -180,8 +179,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                             upstream_table_name,
                             table_reader,
                             schema.clone(),
-                            order_types,
-                            pk_indices.clone(),
+                            table_pk_order_types,
+                            table_pk_indices,
                             (0..table_desc.columns.len()).collect_vec(),
                         );
 
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutorBuilder {
                             (0..source.columns.len()).collect_vec(),    // eliminate the last column (_rw_offset)
                             None,
                             schema.clone(),
-                            pk_indices,
+                            params.pk_indices,
                             params.executor_stats,
                             source_state_handler,
                             source_ctrl_opts.chunk_size
diff --git a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
index d1afaeb061809..f54eb9921f77c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/task/stream_manager.rs
@@ -568,10 +568,10 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         // Build the executor with params.
         let executor_params = ExecutorParams {
             env: env.clone(),
-            pk_indices,
+            pk_indices: pk_indices.clone(),
             executor_id,
             operator_id,
-            identity,
+            identity: identity.clone(),
             op_info,
             schema,
             input,
@@ -583,6 +583,12 @@ impl LocalStreamManagerCore {
         };
 
         let executor = create_executor(executor_params, self, node, store).await?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            executor.pk_indices(),
+            &pk_indices,
+            "`pk_indices` of {} not consistent with what derived by optimizer",
+            executor.identity()
+        );
 
         // Wrap the executor for debug purpose.
         let executor = WrapperExecutor::new(

From 495ab39ddff44ac70edfd785e0f2ed267e16923b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wu <f_dogs@protonmail.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 11:41:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 388/430] feat(sink): kafka upsert sink with schema (#12113)

Co-authored-by: Rossil <40714231+Rossil2012@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh         |  28 +++
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt       |  10 +
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt         |   3 +
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result |  10 +
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema2.result |  11 +
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema3.result |  12 ++
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs    | 239 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs     |   8 +
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs   |  24 ++-
 9 files changed, 338 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema2.result
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema3.result

diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
index 85aad20749d61..1e01903ec2042 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --create > /dev/null 2>&1
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --create > /dev/null 2>&1
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --create > /dev/null 2>&1
 
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt'
@@ -28,6 +29,15 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+# test upsert kafka sink with schema
+echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema"
+diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result \
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 # test debezium kafka sink
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink"
 (./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 10 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
@@ -62,6 +72,15 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+# test upsert kafka sink with schema after update
+echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema after updating data"
+diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema2.result \
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 # test debezium kafka sink after update
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink after updating data"
 (./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 11  | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
@@ -87,6 +106,15 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+# test upsert kafka sink with schema after delete
+echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema after deleting data"
+diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema3.result \
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 12 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 # test debezium kafka sink after delete
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink after deleting data"
 (./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 13 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
index 2c938cd2219b6..25e3a59fdff3a 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
@@ -97,6 +97,16 @@ create sink si_kafka_upsert from t_kafka with (
     primary_key = 'id',
 );
 
+statement ok
+create sink si_kafka_upsert_schema from t_kafka with (
+    connector = 'kafka',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    topic = 'test-rw-sink-upsert-schema',
+    primary_key = 'id',
+) format upsert encode json (
+    schemas.enable = true
+);
+
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_debezium from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt
index 4b9b10eceb3d7..9479671b9f0f0 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt
@@ -7,5 +7,8 @@ drop sink si_kafka_upsert;
 statement ok
 drop sink si_kafka_debezium;
 
+statement ok
+drop sink si_kafka_upsert_schema;
+
 statement ok
 drop table t_kafka;
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d33394de4e5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{"payload":{"id":10},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":10,"v_bigint":20674,"v_double":9042.404483827513,"v_float":19387.23828125,"v_integer":20674,"v_smallint":26951,"v_timestamp":1681404058888,"v_varchar":"0oVqRIHqkb"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":1},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":1,"v_bigint":1872,"v_double":23956.39329760601,"v_float":26261.416015625,"v_integer":1872,"v_smallint":31031,"v_timestamp":1681453634104,"v_varchar":"8DfUFencLe"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":2},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":2,"v_bigint":4598,"v_double":31923.077305746086,"v_float":27031.224609375,"v_integer":4598,"v_smallint":22690,"v_timestamp":1681429444869,"v_varchar":"sIo1XXVeHZ"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":3},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":3,"v_bigint":14894,"v_double":9742.475509566086,"v_float":2660.290283203125,"v_integer":5894,"v_smallint":5985,"v_timestamp":1681429011269,"v_varchar":"LVLAhd1pQv"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":4},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":4,"v_bigint":24962,"v_double":3119.719721891862,"v_float":21217.77734375,"v_integer":7406,"v_smallint":6306,"v_timestamp":1681434727993,"v_varchar":"ORjwy3oMNb"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
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+{"payload":{"id":7},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":7,"v_bigint":15914,"v_double":10967.182297153104,"v_float":3946.743408203125,"v_integer":12652,"v_smallint":10324,"v_timestamp":1681447263083,"v_varchar":"YIVLnWxHyf"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":8},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":8,"v_bigint":28641,"v_double":993.408963466774,"v_float":13652.0732421875,"v_integer":19036,"v_smallint":194,"v_timestamp":1681393929356,"v_varchar":"lv7Eq3g8hx"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
+{"payload":{"id":9},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}	{"payload":{"id":9,"v_bigint":24837,"v_double":11615.276406159757,"v_float":20699.55859375,"v_integer":20090,"v_smallint":10028,"v_timestamp":1681389642487,"v_varchar":"nwRq4zejSQ"},"schema":{"fields":[{"field":"id","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_varchar","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v_smallint","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v_integer","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v_bigint","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v_float","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v_double","optional":true,"type":"double"},{"field":"v_timestamp","optional":true,"type":"int64"}],"name":"dev.t_kafka","optional":false,"type":"struct"}}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
index 25d142ad8357b..12176b491d6ab 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use base64::engine::general_purpose;
 use base64::Engine as _;
 use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{ArrayError, ArrayResult};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
@@ -25,7 +27,10 @@ use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DatumRef, Decimal, ScalarRefImpl, ToTex
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
 
-use super::{CustomJsonType, Result, RowEncoder, SerTo, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use super::{
+    CustomJsonType, KafkaConnectParams, KafkaConnectParamsRef, Result, RowEncoder, SerTo,
+    TimestampHandlingMode,
+};
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
 
 pub struct JsonEncoder {
@@ -33,6 +38,7 @@ pub struct JsonEncoder {
     col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
     timestamp_handling_mode: TimestampHandlingMode,
     custom_json_type: CustomJsonType,
+    kafka_connect: Option<KafkaConnectParamsRef>,
 }
 
 impl JsonEncoder {
@@ -46,6 +52,7 @@ impl JsonEncoder {
             col_indices,
             timestamp_handling_mode,
             custom_json_type: CustomJsonType::None,
+            kafka_connect: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -60,6 +67,14 @@ impl JsonEncoder {
             col_indices,
             timestamp_handling_mode,
             custom_json_type: CustomJsonType::Doris(map),
+            kafka_connect: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_kafka_connect(self, kafka_connect: KafkaConnectParams) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kafka_connect: Some(Arc::new(kafka_connect)),
+            ..self
         }
     }
 }
@@ -81,19 +96,29 @@ impl RowEncoder for JsonEncoder {
         col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
     ) -> Result<Self::Output> {
         let mut mappings = Map::with_capacity(self.schema.len());
-        for idx in col_indices {
-            let field = &self.schema[idx];
+        let col_indices = col_indices.collect_vec();
+        for idx in &col_indices {
+            let field = &self.schema[*idx];
             let key = field.name.clone();
             let value = datum_to_json_object(
                 field,
-                row.datum_at(idx),
+                row.datum_at(*idx),
                 self.timestamp_handling_mode,
                 &self.custom_json_type,
             )
             .map_err(|e| SinkError::Encode(e.to_string()))?;
             mappings.insert(key, value);
         }
-        Ok(mappings)
+
+        Ok(if let Some(param) = &self.kafka_connect {
+            json_converter_with_schema(
+                Value::Object(mappings),
+                param.schema_name.to_owned(),
+                col_indices.into_iter().map(|i| &self.schema[i]),
+            )
+        } else {
+            mappings
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -262,6 +287,79 @@ fn datum_to_json_object(
     Ok(value)
 }
 
+fn json_converter_with_schema<'a>(
+    object: Value,
+    name: String,
+    fields: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Field>,
+) -> Map<String, Value> {
+    let mut mapping = Map::with_capacity(2);
+    mapping.insert(
+        "schema".to_string(),
+        json!({
+            "type": "struct",
+            "fields": fields.map(|field| {
+                let mut mapping = type_as_json_schema(&field.data_type);
+                mapping.insert("field".to_string(), json!(field.name));
+                mapping
+            }).collect_vec(),
+            "optional": false,
+            "name": name,
+        }),
+    );
+    mapping.insert("payload".to_string(), object);
+    mapping
+}
+
+// reference: https://github.com/apache/kafka/blob/80982c4ae3fe6be127b48ec09caff11ab5f87c69/connect/json/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/json/JsonSchema.java#L39
+pub(crate) fn schema_type_mapping(rw_type: &DataType) -> &'static str {
+    match rw_type {
+        DataType::Boolean => "boolean",
+        DataType::Int16 => "int16",
+        DataType::Int32 => "int32",
+        DataType::Int64 => "int64",
+        DataType::Float32 => "float",
+        DataType::Float64 => "double",
+        DataType::Decimal => "string",
+        DataType::Date => "int32",
+        DataType::Varchar => "string",
+        DataType::Time => "int64",
+        DataType::Timestamp => "int64",
+        DataType::Timestamptz => "string",
+        DataType::Interval => "string",
+        DataType::Struct(_) => "struct",
+        DataType::List(_) => "array",
+        DataType::Bytea => "bytes",
+        DataType::Jsonb => "string",
+        DataType::Serial => "int32",
+        DataType::Int256 => "string",
+    }
+}
+
+fn type_as_json_schema(rw_type: &DataType) -> Map<String, Value> {
+    let mut mapping = Map::with_capacity(4); // type + optional + fields/items + field
+    mapping.insert("type".to_string(), json!(schema_type_mapping(rw_type)));
+    mapping.insert("optional".to_string(), json!(true));
+    match rw_type {
+        DataType::Struct(struct_type) => {
+            let sub_fields = struct_type
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(sub_name, sub_type)| {
+                    let mut sub_mapping = type_as_json_schema(sub_type);
+                    sub_mapping.insert("field".to_string(), json!(sub_name));
+                    sub_mapping
+                })
+                .collect_vec();
+            mapping.insert("fields".to_string(), json!(sub_fields));
+        }
+        DataType::List(sub_type) => {
+            mapping.insert("items".to_string(), json!(type_as_json_schema(sub_type)));
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    mapping
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
@@ -443,4 +541,135 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(interval_value, json!("{\"v3\":3,\"v2\":2,\"v1\":1}"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_json_converter_schema() {
+        let mock_field = Field {
+            data_type: DataType::Boolean,
+            name: Default::default(),
+            sub_fields: Default::default(),
+            type_name: Default::default(),
+        };
+        let fields = vec![
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Boolean,
+                name: "v1".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int16,
+                name: "v2".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int32,
+                name: "v3".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Float32,
+                name: "v4".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Decimal,
+                name: "v5".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Date,
+                name: "v6".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Varchar,
+                name: "v7".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Time,
+                name: "v8".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Interval,
+                name: "v9".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                    ("a", DataType::Timestamp),
+                    ("b", DataType::Timestamptz),
+                    (
+                        "c",
+                        DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                            ("aa", DataType::Int64),
+                            ("bb", DataType::Float64),
+                        ])),
+                    ),
+                ])),
+                name: "v10".into(),
+                sub_fields: vec![
+                    Field {
+                        data_type: DataType::Timestamp,
+                        name: "a".into(),
+                        ..mock_field.clone()
+                    },
+                    Field {
+                        data_type: DataType::Timestamptz,
+                        name: "b".into(),
+                        ..mock_field.clone()
+                    },
+                    Field {
+                        data_type: DataType::Struct(StructType::new(vec![
+                            ("aa", DataType::Int64),
+                            ("bb", DataType::Float64),
+                        ])),
+                        name: "c".into(),
+                        sub_fields: vec![
+                            Field {
+                                data_type: DataType::Int64,
+                                name: "aa".into(),
+                                ..mock_field.clone()
+                            },
+                            Field {
+                                data_type: DataType::Float64,
+                                name: "bb".into(),
+                                ..mock_field.clone()
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        ..mock_field.clone()
+                    },
+                ],
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::List(Box::new(DataType::Struct(
+                    StructType::new(vec![("aa", DataType::Int64), ("bb", DataType::Float64)]),
+                ))))),
+                name: "v11".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Jsonb,
+                name: "12".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Serial,
+                name: "13".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int256,
+                name: "14".into(),
+                ..mock_field.clone()
+            },
+        ];
+        let schema = json_converter_with_schema(json!({}), "test".to_owned(), fields.iter())
+            ["schema"]
+            .to_string();
+        let ans = r#"{"fields":[{"field":"v1","optional":true,"type":"boolean"},{"field":"v2","optional":true,"type":"int16"},{"field":"v3","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v4","optional":true,"type":"float"},{"field":"v5","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v6","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"v7","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v8","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"v9","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"v10","fields":[{"field":"a","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"b","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"c","fields":[{"field":"aa","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"bb","optional":true,"type":"double"}],"optional":true,"type":"struct"}],"optional":true,"type":"struct"},{"field":"v11","items":{"items":{"fields":[{"field":"aa","optional":true,"type":"int64"},{"field":"bb","optional":true,"type":"double"}],"optional":true,"type":"struct"},"optional":true,"type":"array"},"optional":true,"type":"array"},{"field":"12","optional":true,"type":"string"},{"field":"13","optional":true,"type":"int32"},{"field":"14","optional":true,"type":"string"}],"name":"test","optional":false,"type":"struct"}"#;
+        assert_eq!(schema, ans);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
index b0a13606948dd..6a2558f5fc35a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
@@ -131,3 +132,10 @@ impl From<FieldEncodeError> for super::SinkError {
         Self::Encode(value.to_string())
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct KafkaConnectParams {
+    pub schema_name: String,
+}
+
+type KafkaConnectParamsRef = Arc<KafkaConnectParams>;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 61fe7a830c0a2..44c8ed6f3ea29 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
 use super::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
+use super::encoder::KafkaConnectParams;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
@@ -106,12 +107,31 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                 )))
             }
             SinkFormat::Upsert => {
-                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                let mut key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
                     schema.clone(),
                     Some(pk_indices),
                     TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
                 );
-                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+                let mut val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+
+                if let Some(s) = format_desc.options.get("schemas.enable") {
+                    match s.to_lowercase().parse::<bool>() {
+                        Ok(true) => {
+                            let kafka_connect = KafkaConnectParams {
+                                schema_name: format!("{}.{}", db_name, sink_from_name),
+                            };
+                            key_encoder = key_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect.clone());
+                            val_encoder = val_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect);
+                        }
+                        Ok(false) => {}
+                        _ => {
+                            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                "schemas.enable is expected to be `true` or `false`, got {}",
+                                s
+                            )));
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
 
                 // Initialize the upsert_stream
                 let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);

From bf3dbbbdf426f43031f3186cf3447b75d8d7ae66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 21:40:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 389/430] refactor(frontend/expr): use associated type for
 ExprVisitor design (#12960)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
---
 src/frontend/src/expr/expr_visitor.rs         | 47 ++++++++++---------
 src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs                  | 16 +++++--
 src/frontend/src/expr/order_by_expr.rs        |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs                 |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/expr/utils.rs                |  8 +++-
 .../plan_expr_visitor/expr_counter.rs         |  4 +-
 .../plan_expr_visitor/input_ref_counter.rs    |  4 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_over_window.rs          |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs   |  4 +-
 .../plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs       |  4 +-
 .../plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs    |  8 +++-
 .../optimizer/rule/rewrite_like_expr_rule.rs  |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/utils/condition.rs           |  2 +-
 14 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/expr_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/expr_visitor.rs
index 4fdfbb07f7518..5bc827b43aba8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/expr_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/expr_visitor.rs
@@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ use super::{
 ///
 /// Note: The default implementation for `visit_subquery` is a no-op, i.e., expressions inside
 /// subqueries are not traversed.
-pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
+pub trait ExprVisitor {
+    type Result: Default;
+
     /// This merge function is used to reduce results of expr inputs.
     /// In order to always remind users to implement themselves, we don't provide an default
     /// implementation.
-    fn merge(a: R, b: R) -> R;
+    fn merge(a: Self::Result, b: Self::Result) -> Self::Result;
 
-    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &ExprImpl) -> R {
+    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &ExprImpl) -> Self::Result {
         match expr {
             ExprImpl::InputRef(inner) => self.visit_input_ref(inner),
             ExprImpl::Literal(inner) => self.visit_literal(inner),
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
             ExprImpl::Now(inner) => self.visit_now(inner),
         }
     }
-    fn visit_function_call(&mut self, func_call: &FunctionCall) -> R {
+    fn visit_function_call(&mut self, func_call: &FunctionCall) -> Self::Result {
         func_call
             .inputs()
             .iter()
@@ -55,10 +57,13 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
             .reduce(Self::merge)
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
-    fn visit_function_call_with_lambda(&mut self, func_call: &FunctionCallWithLambda) -> R {
+    fn visit_function_call_with_lambda(
+        &mut self,
+        func_call: &FunctionCallWithLambda,
+    ) -> Self::Result {
         self.visit_function_call(func_call.base())
     }
-    fn visit_agg_call(&mut self, agg_call: &AggCall) -> R {
+    fn visit_agg_call(&mut self, agg_call: &AggCall) -> Self::Result {
         let mut r = agg_call
             .args()
             .iter()
@@ -69,22 +74,22 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
         r = Self::merge(r, agg_call.filter().visit_expr(self));
         r
     }
-    fn visit_parameter(&mut self, _: &Parameter) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_parameter(&mut self, _: &Parameter) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
-    fn visit_literal(&mut self, _: &Literal) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_literal(&mut self, _: &Literal) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
-    fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, _: &InputRef) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, _: &InputRef) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
-    fn visit_subquery(&mut self, _: &Subquery) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_subquery(&mut self, _: &Subquery) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
-    fn visit_correlated_input_ref(&mut self, _: &CorrelatedInputRef) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_correlated_input_ref(&mut self, _: &CorrelatedInputRef) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
-    fn visit_table_function(&mut self, func_call: &TableFunction) -> R {
+    fn visit_table_function(&mut self, func_call: &TableFunction) -> Self::Result {
         func_call
             .args
             .iter()
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
             .reduce(Self::merge)
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
-    fn visit_window_function(&mut self, func_call: &WindowFunction) -> R {
+    fn visit_window_function(&mut self, func_call: &WindowFunction) -> Self::Result {
         func_call
             .args
             .iter()
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
             .reduce(Self::merge)
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
-    fn visit_user_defined_function(&mut self, func_call: &UserDefinedFunction) -> R {
+    fn visit_user_defined_function(&mut self, func_call: &UserDefinedFunction) -> Self::Result {
         func_call
             .args
             .iter()
@@ -108,7 +113,7 @@ pub trait ExprVisitor<R: Default> {
             .reduce(Self::merge)
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
-    fn visit_now(&mut self, _: &Now) -> R {
-        R::default()
+    fn visit_now(&mut self, _: &Now) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::Result::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
index ba36ad0514d28..6eec2983f5c91 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -351,7 +351,9 @@ macro_rules! impl_has_variant {
                     pub fn [<has_ $variant:snake>](&self) -> bool {
                         struct Has {}
 
-                        impl ExprVisitor<bool> for Has {
+                        impl ExprVisitor for Has {
+
+                            type Result = bool;
 
                             fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
                                 a | b
@@ -422,7 +424,9 @@ impl ExprImpl {
             depth: usize,
         }
 
-        impl ExprVisitor<bool> for Has {
+        impl ExprVisitor for Has {
+            type Result = bool;
+
             fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
                 a | b
             }
@@ -480,7 +484,9 @@ impl ExprImpl {
             correlated_id: CorrelatedId,
         }
 
-        impl ExprVisitor<bool> for Has {
+        impl ExprVisitor for Has {
+            type Result = bool;
+
             fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
                 a | b
             }
@@ -600,7 +606,9 @@ impl ExprImpl {
             struct HasOthers {
                 has_others: bool,
             }
-            impl ExprVisitor<()> for HasOthers {
+            impl ExprVisitor for HasOthers {
+                type Result = ();
+
                 fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
                 fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &ExprImpl) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/order_by_expr.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/order_by_expr.rs
index 48790ceb39337..e7fe005256640 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/order_by_expr.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/order_by_expr.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl OrderBy {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn visit_expr<R: Default, V: ExprVisitor<R> + ?Sized>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> R {
+    pub fn visit_expr<V: ExprVisitor + ?Sized>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> V::Result {
         self.sort_exprs
             .iter()
             .map(|expr| visitor.visit_expr(&expr.expr))
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
index 44300073fd678..e5d698c2ce172 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/pure.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ use super::{ExprImpl, ExprVisitor};
 use crate::expr::FunctionCall;
 pub(crate) struct ImpureAnalyzer {}
 
-impl ExprVisitor<bool> for ImpureAnalyzer {
+impl ExprVisitor for ImpureAnalyzer {
+    type Result = bool;
+
     fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
         // the expr will be impure if any of its input is impure
         a || b
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/expr/utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/expr/utils.rs
index d07287b08dbe2..39064d1680359 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/expr/utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/expr/utils.rs
@@ -353,7 +353,9 @@ pub struct CollectInputRef {
     input_bits: FixedBitSet,
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<()> for CollectInputRef {
+impl ExprVisitor for CollectInputRef {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, expr: &InputRef) {
@@ -408,7 +410,9 @@ pub fn collect_input_refs<'a>(
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct CountNow {}
 
-impl ExprVisitor<usize> for CountNow {
+impl ExprVisitor for CountNow {
+    type Result = usize;
+
     fn merge(a: usize, b: usize) -> usize {
         a + b
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/expr_counter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/expr_counter.rs
index 3bddc479910c2..c664016b779da 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/expr_counter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/expr_counter.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ pub struct CseExprCounter {
     pub counter: HashMap<FunctionCall, usize>,
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<()> for CseExprCounter {
+impl ExprVisitor for CseExprCounter {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &ExprImpl) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/input_ref_counter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/input_ref_counter.rs
index 45cdeaab55a78..382dc74222c9f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/input_ref_counter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_expr_visitor/input_ref_counter.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ pub struct InputRefCounter {
     pub counter: HashMap<usize, usize>,
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<()> for InputRefCounter {
+impl ExprVisitor for InputRefCounter {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, input_ref: &InputRef) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
index c1984efbcfcde..5efe0dac01602 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
@@ -341,7 +341,9 @@ impl<'a> OverWindowProjectBuilder<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ExprVisitor<()> for OverWindowProjectBuilder<'a> {
+impl<'a> ExprVisitor for OverWindowProjectBuilder<'a> {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_a: (), _b: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_window_function(&mut self, window_function: &WindowFunction) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
index 6307558882023..a499a9c6ea3d3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
@@ -397,7 +397,9 @@ impl PredicatePushdown for LogicalScan {
         // If the predicate contains `CorrelatedInputRef` or `now()`. We don't push down.
         // This case could come from the predicate push down before the subquery unnesting.
         struct HasCorrelated {}
-        impl ExprVisitor<bool> for HasCorrelated {
+        impl ExprVisitor for HasCorrelated {
+            type Result = bool;
+
             fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
                 a | b
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
index 48bf5bd7b640c..a8e48633d6a31 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ struct ExprVis<'a> {
     schema: &'a Schema,
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<Option<String>> for ExprVis<'_> {
+impl ExprVisitor for ExprVis<'_> {
+    type Result = Option<String>;
+
     fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, input_ref: &crate::expr::InputRef) -> Option<String> {
         if input_ref.data_type != self.schema[input_ref.index].data_type {
             Some(format!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
index db3ef0b7acfa4..e71497326a29a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@ impl ExprCorrelatedIdFinder {
     }
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<()> for ExprCorrelatedIdFinder {
+impl ExprVisitor for ExprCorrelatedIdFinder {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_correlated_input_ref(&mut self, correlated_input_ref: &CorrelatedInputRef) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
index c16cd7e31bf28..9103d1bc906bc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
@@ -917,7 +917,9 @@ impl IndexCost {
     }
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<IndexCost> for TableScanIoEstimator<'_> {
+impl ExprVisitor for TableScanIoEstimator<'_> {
+    type Result = IndexCost;
+
     fn visit_function_call(&mut self, func_call: &FunctionCall) -> IndexCost {
         match func_call.func_type() {
             ExprType::Or => func_call
@@ -944,7 +946,9 @@ struct ExprInputRefFinder {
     pub input_ref_index_set: HashSet<usize>,
 }
 
-impl ExprVisitor<()> for ExprInputRefFinder {
+impl ExprVisitor for ExprInputRefFinder {
+    type Result = ();
+
     fn merge(_: (), _: ()) {}
 
     fn visit_input_ref(&mut self, input_ref: &InputRef) {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/rewrite_like_expr_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/rewrite_like_expr_rule.rs
index 394d569050c27..facad4a8da07c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/rewrite_like_expr_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/rewrite_like_expr_rule.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ impl Rule for RewriteLikeExprRule {
 
 struct HasLikeExprVisitor {}
 
-impl ExprVisitor<bool> for HasLikeExprVisitor {
+impl ExprVisitor for HasLikeExprVisitor {
+    type Result = bool;
+
     fn merge(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool {
         a | b
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/condition.rs b/src/frontend/src/utils/condition.rs
index 57910083dfbaf..5305f9f1f356a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/condition.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/condition.rs
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ impl Condition {
         .simplify()
     }
 
-    pub fn visit_expr<R: Default, V: ExprVisitor<R> + ?Sized>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> R {
+    pub fn visit_expr<V: ExprVisitor + ?Sized>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> V::Result {
         self.conjunctions
             .iter()
             .map(|expr| visitor.visit_expr(expr))

From ff63e805cdfb9a89a9ab814b586c31af83e1ce23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 23:34:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 390/430] build: remove `workspace-hack` from proc-macro
 crates' dependencies (#12961)

---
 Cargo.lock                       | 2 --
 src/common/proc_macro/Cargo.toml | 2 --
 src/prost/helpers/Cargo.toml     | 3 ---
 3 files changed, 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index bb58e6cac3fa1..68a19fffa8f47 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6351,7 +6351,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.37",
- "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7125,7 +7124,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.109",
- "workspace-hack",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/src/common/proc_macro/Cargo.toml b/src/common/proc_macro/Cargo.toml
index b129cedc0e183..0f86bff6a19d2 100644
--- a/src/common/proc_macro/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/proc_macro/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,5 @@ proc-macro2 = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 syn = "1"
 bae = "0.1.7"
 
-[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
-workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/src/prost/helpers/Cargo.toml b/src/prost/helpers/Cargo.toml
index 50d9b4febd80b..c78ac3f2a8ece 100644
--- a/src/prost/helpers/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/prost/helpers/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ proc-macro2 = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 quote = "1"
 syn = "2"
 
-[target.'cfg(not(madsim))'.dependencies]
-workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
-
 [package.metadata.cargo-machete]
 ignored = ["workspace-hack"]
 

From d7e8c7e468dd1bea239ec55023bdf2ef306acc1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 10:32:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 391/430] feat: support for all non-streaming related
 interfaces in catalog controller (#12685)

---
 src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs            | 688 ++++++++++++++----
 src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs            |  63 +-
 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs                |  21 +-
 src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs              | 286 +++++++-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs           |  59 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs             |  68 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs             |  81 ++-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs                |  38 +-
 .../migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs    | 249 ++-----
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |  31 +
 src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs               |  44 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs    |   6 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs               |  75 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs                 |  36 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs               |  38 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs                |  81 +--
 src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs                 |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs       |   8 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs                 |  52 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs               |   7 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs      |   4 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            |   1 +
 22 files changed, 1163 insertions(+), 777 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
index 2b992bab70f55..c0cfcf3baba59 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
@@ -16,25 +16,35 @@ use std::iter;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, SYSTEM_SCHEMAS};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbDatabase, PbSchema};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
+    PbConnection, PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView,
+};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::relation::{PbRelationInfo, RelationInfo};
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{
     Info as NotificationInfo, Operation as NotificationOperation,
 };
-use sea_orm::sea_query::{Expr, Query, QueryStatementBuilder, UnionType};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::{PbRelation, PbRelationGroup};
 use sea_orm::{
-    ActiveModelTrait, ActiveValue, ColumnTrait, ConnectionTrait, DatabaseConnection,
-    DatabaseTransaction, EntityTrait, ModelTrait, QueryFilter, Statement, TransactionTrait,
+    ActiveModelTrait, ActiveValue, ColumnTrait, DatabaseConnection, DatabaseTransaction,
+    EntityTrait, QueryFilter, QuerySelect, TransactionTrait,
 };
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
-use crate::controller::utils::construct_obj_dependency_query;
+use crate::controller::utils::{
+    check_connection_name_duplicate, check_function_signature_duplicate,
+    check_relation_name_duplicate, check_schema_name_duplicate, ensure_object_id,
+    ensure_object_not_refer, ensure_schema_empty, ensure_user_id, list_used_by, PartialObject,
+};
 use crate::controller::ObjectModel;
-use crate::manager::{DatabaseId, MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion, UserId};
+use crate::manager::{MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion};
+use crate::model_v2::connection::PrivateLinkService;
 use crate::model_v2::object::ObjectType;
 use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
 use crate::model_v2::{
-    connection, database, function, index, object, schema, sink, source, table, view,
+    connection, database, function, index, object, object_dependency, schema, table, view,
+    ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FunctionId, ObjectId, SchemaId, SourceId, TableId, UserId,
 };
+use crate::rpc::ddl_controller::DropMode;
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
 /// `CatalogController` is the controller for catalog related operations, including database, schema, table, view, etc.
@@ -43,10 +53,11 @@ pub struct CatalogController {
     inner: RwLock<CatalogControllerInner>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct ReleaseContext {
-    streaming_jobs: Vec<i32>,
-    source_ids: Vec<i32>,
-    connections: Vec<serde_json::Value>,
+    streaming_jobs: Vec<ObjectId>,
+    source_ids: Vec<SourceId>,
+    connections: Vec<PrivateLinkService>,
 }
 
 impl CatalogController {
@@ -78,6 +89,17 @@ impl CatalogController {
             .notify_frontend(operation, info)
             .await
     }
+
+    async fn notify_frontend_relation_info(
+        &self,
+        operation: NotificationOperation,
+        relation_info: PbRelationInfo,
+    ) -> NotificationVersion {
+        self.env
+            .notification_manager()
+            .notify_frontend_relation_info(operation, relation_info)
+            .await
+    }
 }
 
 impl CatalogController {
@@ -89,11 +111,15 @@ impl CatalogController {
         txn: &DatabaseTransaction,
         obj_type: ObjectType,
         owner_id: UserId,
+        database_id: Option<DatabaseId>,
+        schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
     ) -> MetaResult<object::Model> {
         let active_db = object::ActiveModel {
             oid: Default::default(),
             obj_type: ActiveValue::Set(obj_type),
-            owner_id: ActiveValue::Set(owner_id as _),
+            owner_id: ActiveValue::Set(owner_id),
+            schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema_id),
+            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(database_id),
             initialized_at: Default::default(),
             created_at: Default::default(),
         };
@@ -102,21 +128,23 @@ impl CatalogController {
 
     pub async fn create_database(&self, db: PbDatabase) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let inner = self.inner.write().await;
-        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
         let owner_id = db.owner;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_user_id(owner_id, &txn).await?;
 
-        let db_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Database, owner_id).await?;
+        let db_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Database, owner_id, None, None).await?;
         let mut db: database::ActiveModel = db.into();
         db.database_id = ActiveValue::Set(db_obj.oid);
         let db = db.insert(&txn).await?;
 
         let mut schemas = vec![];
         for schema_name in iter::once(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME).chain(SYSTEM_SCHEMAS) {
-            let schema_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Schema, owner_id).await?;
+            let schema_obj =
+                Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Schema, owner_id, Some(db_obj.oid), None)
+                    .await?;
             let schema = schema::ActiveModel {
                 schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema_obj.oid),
                 name: ActiveValue::Set(schema_name.into()),
-                database_id: ActiveValue::Set(db.database_id),
             };
             let schema = schema.insert(&txn).await?;
             schemas.push(ObjectModel(schema, schema_obj).into());
@@ -138,133 +166,62 @@ impl CatalogController {
         Ok(version)
     }
 
-    /// List all objects that are using the given one. It runs a recursive CTE to find all the dependencies.
-    async fn list_used_by(&self, obj_id: i32) -> MetaResult<Vec<i32>> {
-        let inner = self.inner.read().await;
-
-        let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id, "used_by");
-        let (sql, values) = query.build_any(&*inner.db.get_database_backend().get_query_builder());
-        let res = inner
-            .db
-            .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
-                inner.db.get_database_backend(),
-                sql,
-                values,
-            ))
-            .await?;
-
-        let ids: Vec<i32> = res
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|row| row.try_get("", "user_by").unwrap())
-            .collect_vec();
-        Ok(ids)
-    }
-
     pub async fn drop_database(
         &self,
         database_id: DatabaseId,
     ) -> MetaResult<(ReleaseContext, NotificationVersion)> {
         let inner = self.inner.write().await;
         let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Database, database_id, &txn).await?;
 
-        let db = Database::find_by_id(database_id as i32)
-            .one(&txn)
-            .await?
-            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("database", database_id))?;
-        let db_obj = db.find_related(Object).one(&txn).await?;
-        let pb_db = ObjectModel(db.clone(), db_obj.unwrap()).into();
-
-        let tables = db.find_related(Table).all(&txn).await?;
-        let sinks = db.find_related(Sink).all(&txn).await?;
-        let indexes = db.find_related(Index).all(&txn).await?;
-        let streaming_jobs = tables
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|t| t.table_id)
-            .chain(sinks.into_iter().map(|s| s.sink_id))
-            .chain(indexes.into_iter().map(|i| i.index_id))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let source_ids = db
-            .find_related(Source)
+        let streaming_jobs: Vec<ObjectId> = Object::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(object::Column::Oid)
+            .filter(
+                object::Column::DatabaseId
+                    .eq(Some(database_id))
+                    .and(object::Column::ObjType.is_in([ObjectType::Table, ObjectType::Sink])),
+            )
+            .into_tuple()
             .all(&txn)
-            .await?
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|s| s.source_id)
-            .collect_vec();
-        let connections = db
-            .find_related(Connection)
+            .await?;
+
+        let source_ids: Vec<SourceId> = Object::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(object::Column::Oid)
+            .filter(
+                object::Column::DatabaseId
+                    .eq(Some(database_id))
+                    .and(object::Column::ObjType.eq(ObjectType::Source)),
+            )
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?;
+
+        let connections = Connection::find()
+            .inner_join(Object)
+            .filter(object::Column::DatabaseId.eq(Some(database_id)))
             .all(&txn)
             .await?
             .into_iter()
-            .flat_map(|c| c.info)
+            .map(|conn| conn.info)
             .collect_vec();
 
-        let mut query_schema = Query::select()
-            .column(schema::Column::SchemaId)
-            .from(Schema)
-            .and_where(schema::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_table = Query::select()
-            .column(table::Column::TableId)
-            .from(Table)
-            .and_where(table::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_source = Query::select()
-            .column(source::Column::SourceId)
-            .from(Source)
-            .and_where(source::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_sink = Query::select()
-            .column(sink::Column::SinkId)
-            .from(Sink)
-            .and_where(sink::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_index = Query::select()
-            .column(index::Column::IndexId)
-            .from(Index)
-            .and_where(index::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_view = Query::select()
-            .column(view::Column::ViewId)
-            .from(View)
-            .and_where(view::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_function = Query::select()
-            .column(function::Column::FunctionId)
-            .from(Function)
-            .and_where(function::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_connection = Query::select()
-            .column(connection::Column::ConnectionId)
-            .from(Connection)
-            .and_where(connection::Column::DatabaseId.eq(database_id as i32))
-            .to_owned();
-        let query_all = query_schema
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_table)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_source)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_sink)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_index)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_view)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_function)
-            .union(UnionType::All, query_connection)
-            .union(
-                UnionType::All,
-                Query::select()
-                    .expr(Expr::value(database_id as i32))
-                    .to_owned(),
-            )
-            .to_owned();
-        // drop related objects, the relations will be dropped cascade.
-        Object::delete_many()
-            .filter(object::Column::Oid.in_subquery(query_all))
-            .exec(&txn)
-            .await?;
+        // The schema and objects in the database will be delete cascade.
+        let res = Object::delete_by_id(database_id).exec(&txn).await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("database", database_id));
+        }
 
         txn.commit().await?;
 
         let version = self
             .notify_frontend(
                 NotificationOperation::Delete,
-                NotificationInfo::Database(pb_db),
+                NotificationInfo::Database(PbDatabase {
+                    id: database_id,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
             )
             .await;
         Ok((
@@ -279,11 +236,20 @@ impl CatalogController {
 
     pub async fn create_schema(&self, schema: PbSchema) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let inner = self.inner.write().await;
-        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
         let owner_id = schema.owner;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_user_id(owner_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Database, schema.database_id, &txn).await?;
+        check_schema_name_duplicate(&schema.name, schema.database_id, &txn).await?;
 
-        // todo: whether to check existence of database and user, or let the database do it?
-        let schema_obj = Self::create_object(&txn, ObjectType::Schema, owner_id).await?;
+        let schema_obj = Self::create_object(
+            &txn,
+            ObjectType::Schema,
+            owner_id,
+            Some(schema.database_id),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await?;
         let mut schema: schema::ActiveModel = schema.into();
         schema.schema_id = ActiveValue::Set(schema_obj.oid);
         let schema = schema.insert(&txn).await?;
@@ -297,30 +263,486 @@ impl CatalogController {
             .await;
         Ok(version)
     }
+
+    pub async fn drop_schema(
+        &self,
+        schema_id: SchemaId,
+        drop_mode: DropMode,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let schema_obj = Object::find_by_id(schema_id)
+            .one(&inner.db)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("schema", schema_id))?;
+        if drop_mode == DropMode::Restrict {
+            ensure_schema_empty(schema_id, &inner.db).await?;
+        }
+
+        let res = Object::delete(object::ActiveModel {
+            oid: ActiveValue::Set(schema_id),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .exec(&inner.db)
+        .await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("schema", schema_id));
+        }
+
+        // todo: update user privileges accordingly.
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Delete,
+                NotificationInfo::Schema(PbSchema {
+                    id: schema_id,
+                    database_id: schema_obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_function(
+        &self,
+        mut pb_function: PbFunction,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let owner_id = pb_function.owner;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_user_id(owner_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Database, pb_function.database_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Schema, pb_function.schema_id, &txn).await?;
+        check_function_signature_duplicate(&pb_function, &txn).await?;
+
+        let function_obj = Self::create_object(
+            &txn,
+            ObjectType::Function,
+            owner_id,
+            Some(pb_function.database_id),
+            Some(pb_function.schema_id),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        pb_function.id = function_obj.oid;
+        let function: function::ActiveModel = pb_function.clone().into();
+        function.insert(&txn).await?;
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Add,
+                NotificationInfo::Function(pb_function),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn drop_function(&self, function_id: FunctionId) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let function_obj = Object::find_by_id(function_id)
+            .one(&inner.db)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("function", function_id))?;
+        ensure_object_not_refer(ObjectType::Function, function_id, &inner.db).await?;
+
+        let res = Object::delete_by_id(function_id).exec(&inner.db).await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("function", function_id));
+        }
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Delete,
+                NotificationInfo::Function(PbFunction {
+                    id: function_id,
+                    schema_id: function_obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                    database_id: function_obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_connection(
+        &self,
+        mut pb_connection: PbConnection,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let owner_id = pb_connection.owner;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_user_id(owner_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Database, pb_connection.database_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Schema, pb_connection.schema_id, &txn).await?;
+        check_connection_name_duplicate(&pb_connection, &txn).await?;
+
+        let conn_obj = Self::create_object(
+            &txn,
+            ObjectType::Connection,
+            owner_id,
+            Some(pb_connection.database_id),
+            Some(pb_connection.schema_id),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        pb_connection.id = conn_obj.oid;
+        let connection: connection::ActiveModel = pb_connection.clone().into();
+        connection.insert(&txn).await?;
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Add,
+                NotificationInfo::Connection(pb_connection),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_connection_by_id(
+        &self,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+    ) -> MetaResult<PbConnection> {
+        let inner = self.inner.read().await;
+        let (conn, obj) = Connection::find_by_id(connection_id)
+            .find_also_related(Object)
+            .one(&inner.db)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("connection", connection_id))?;
+
+        Ok(ObjectModel(conn, obj.unwrap()).into())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn drop_connection(
+        &self,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let connection_obj = Object::find_by_id(connection_id)
+            .one(&inner.db)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("connection", connection_id))?;
+        ensure_object_not_refer(ObjectType::Connection, connection_id, &inner.db).await?;
+
+        let res = Object::delete_by_id(connection_id).exec(&inner.db).await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found("connection", connection_id));
+        }
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Delete,
+                NotificationInfo::Connection(PbConnection {
+                    id: connection_id,
+                    schema_id: connection_obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                    database_id: connection_obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_view(&self, mut pb_view: PbView) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let owner_id = pb_view.owner;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        ensure_user_id(owner_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Database, pb_view.database_id, &txn).await?;
+        ensure_object_id(ObjectType::Schema, pb_view.schema_id, &txn).await?;
+        check_relation_name_duplicate(&pb_view.name, pb_view.database_id, pb_view.schema_id, &txn)
+            .await?;
+
+        let view_obj = Self::create_object(
+            &txn,
+            ObjectType::View,
+            owner_id,
+            Some(pb_view.database_id),
+            Some(pb_view.schema_id),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        pb_view.id = view_obj.oid;
+        let view: view::ActiveModel = pb_view.clone().into();
+        view.insert(&txn).await?;
+
+        // todo: change `dependent_relations` to `dependent_objects`, which should includes connection and function as well.
+        // todo: shall we need to check existence of them Or let database handle it by FOREIGN KEY constraint.
+        for obj_id in &pb_view.dependent_relations {
+            object_dependency::ActiveModel {
+                oid: ActiveValue::Set(*obj_id),
+                used_by: ActiveValue::Set(view_obj.oid),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }
+            .insert(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend_relation_info(
+                NotificationOperation::Add,
+                PbRelationInfo::View(pb_view),
+            )
+            .await;
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn drop_relation(
+        &self,
+        object_type: ObjectType,
+        object_id: ObjectId,
+        drop_mode: DropMode,
+    ) -> MetaResult<(ReleaseContext, NotificationVersion)> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        let obj: PartialObject = Object::find_by_id(object_id)
+            .into_partial_model()
+            .one(&txn)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found(object_type.as_str(), object_id))?;
+        assert_eq!(obj.obj_type, object_type);
+
+        let mut to_drop_objects = match drop_mode {
+            DropMode::Cascade => list_used_by(object_id, &txn).await?,
+            DropMode::Restrict => {
+                ensure_object_not_refer(object_type, object_id, &txn).await?;
+                vec![]
+            }
+        };
+        assert!(
+            to_drop_objects.iter().all(|obj| matches!(
+                obj.obj_type,
+                ObjectType::Table | ObjectType::Index | ObjectType::Sink | ObjectType::View
+            )),
+            "only these objects will depends on others"
+        );
+        to_drop_objects.push(obj);
+
+        let to_drop_table_ids = to_drop_objects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|obj| obj.obj_type == ObjectType::Table)
+            .map(|obj| obj.oid);
+        let mut to_drop_streaming_jobs = to_drop_objects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|obj| obj.obj_type == ObjectType::Table || obj.obj_type == ObjectType::Sink)
+            .map(|obj| obj.oid)
+            .collect_vec();
+        // todo: record index dependency info in the object dependency table.
+        let to_drop_index_ids = to_drop_objects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|obj| obj.obj_type == ObjectType::Index)
+            .map(|obj| obj.oid)
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        // Add associated sources.
+        let mut to_drop_source_ids: Vec<SourceId> = Table::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(table::Column::OptionalAssociatedSourceId)
+            .filter(
+                table::Column::TableId
+                    .is_in(to_drop_table_ids)
+                    .and(table::Column::OptionalAssociatedSourceId.is_not_null()),
+            )
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        let to_drop_source_objs: Vec<PartialObject> = Object::find()
+            .filter(object::Column::Oid.is_in(to_drop_source_ids.clone()))
+            .into_partial_model()
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        to_drop_objects.extend(to_drop_source_objs.clone());
+        if object_type == ObjectType::Source {
+            to_drop_source_ids.push(object_id);
+        }
+
+        // add internal tables.
+        let index_table_ids: Vec<TableId> = Index::find()
+            .select_only()
+            .column(index::Column::IndexTableId)
+            .filter(index::Column::IndexId.is_in(to_drop_index_ids))
+            .into_tuple()
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        to_drop_streaming_jobs.extend(index_table_ids);
+        let to_drop_internal_table_objs: Vec<PartialObject> = Object::find()
+            .filter(object::Column::Oid.is_in(to_drop_streaming_jobs.clone()))
+            .into_partial_model()
+            .all(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        to_drop_objects.extend(to_drop_internal_table_objs);
+
+        // delete all in to_drop_objects.
+        let res = Object::delete_many()
+            .filter(object::Column::Oid.is_in(to_drop_objects.iter().map(|obj| obj.oid)))
+            .exec(&txn)
+            .await?;
+        if res.rows_affected == 0 {
+            return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found(
+                object_type.as_str(),
+                object_id,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // notify about them.
+        let relations = to_drop_objects
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|obj| match obj.obj_type {
+                ObjectType::Table => PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Table(PbTable {
+                        id: obj.oid,
+                        schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                        database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    })),
+                },
+                ObjectType::Source => PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Source(PbSource {
+                        id: obj.oid,
+                        schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                        database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    })),
+                },
+                ObjectType::Sink => PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Sink(PbSink {
+                        id: obj.oid,
+                        schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                        database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    })),
+                },
+                ObjectType::View => PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::View(PbView {
+                        id: obj.oid,
+                        schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                        database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    })),
+                },
+                ObjectType::Index => PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Index(PbIndex {
+                        id: obj.oid,
+                        schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+                        database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    })),
+                },
+                _ => unreachable!("only relations will be dropped."),
+            })
+            .collect_vec();
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Delete,
+                NotificationInfo::RelationGroup(PbRelationGroup { relations }),
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok((
+            ReleaseContext {
+                streaming_jobs: to_drop_streaming_jobs,
+                source_ids: to_drop_source_ids,
+                connections: vec![],
+            },
+            version,
+        ))
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(not(madsim))]
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::catalog::DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_ID;
 
     use super::*;
 
+    const TEST_DATABASE_ID: DatabaseId = 1;
+    const TEST_SCHEMA_ID: SchemaId = 2;
+    const TEST_OWNER_ID: UserId = 1;
+
     #[tokio::test]
-    #[cfg(not(madsim))]
-    async fn test_create_database() {
-        let mgr = CatalogController::new(MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await).unwrap();
+    async fn test_create_database() -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mgr = CatalogController::new(MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await)?;
         let db = PbDatabase {
             name: "test".to_string(),
             owner: DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_ID,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        mgr.create_database(db).await.unwrap();
+        mgr.create_database(db).await?;
+
         let db = Database::find()
             .filter(database::Column::Name.eq("test"))
             .one(&mgr.inner.read().await.db)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
+            .await?
             .unwrap();
-        mgr.drop_database(db.database_id as _).await.unwrap();
+        mgr.drop_database(db.database_id).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_view() -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mgr = CatalogController::new(MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await)?;
+        let pb_view = PbView {
+            schema_id: TEST_SCHEMA_ID,
+            database_id: TEST_DATABASE_ID,
+            name: "view".to_string(),
+            owner: TEST_OWNER_ID,
+            sql: "CREATE VIEW view AS SELECT 1".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        mgr.create_view(pb_view.clone()).await?;
+        assert!(mgr.create_view(pb_view).await.is_err());
+
+        let view = View::find().one(&mgr.inner.read().await.db).await?.unwrap();
+        mgr.drop_relation(ObjectType::View, view.view_id, DropMode::Cascade)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_function() -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let mgr = CatalogController::new(MetaSrvEnv::for_test().await)?;
+        let return_type = risingwave_pb::data::DataType {
+            type_name: risingwave_pb::data::data_type::TypeName::Int32 as _,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let pb_function = PbFunction {
+            schema_id: TEST_SCHEMA_ID,
+            database_id: TEST_DATABASE_ID,
+            name: "test_function".to_string(),
+            owner: TEST_OWNER_ID,
+            arg_types: vec![],
+            return_type: Some(return_type.clone()),
+            language: "python".to_string(),
+            kind: Some(risingwave_pb::catalog::function::Kind::Scalar(
+                Default::default(),
+            )),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        mgr.create_function(pb_function.clone()).await?;
+        assert!(mgr.create_function(pb_function).await.is_err());
+
+        let function = Function::find()
+            .inner_join(Object)
+            .filter(
+                object::Column::DatabaseId
+                    .eq(TEST_DATABASE_ID)
+                    .and(object::Column::SchemaId.eq(TEST_SCHEMA_ID))
+                    .add(function::Column::Name.eq("test_function")),
+            )
+            .one(&mgr.inner.read().await.db)
+            .await?
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(function.return_type.0, return_type);
+        assert_eq!(function.language, "python");
+
+        mgr.drop_function(function.function_id).await?;
+        assert!(Object::find_by_id(function.function_id)
+            .one(&mgr.inner.read().await.db)
+            .await?
+            .is_none());
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs
index ef45ab1deddef..ca29380a49fca 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/cluster.rs
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
 use crate::manager::prelude::{Worker, WorkerProperty};
-use crate::manager::{LocalNotification, MetaSrvEnv, WorkerId, WorkerKey};
+use crate::manager::{LocalNotification, MetaSrvEnv, WorkerKey};
 use crate::model_v2::worker::{WorkerStatus, WorkerType};
-use crate::model_v2::{worker, worker_property, I32Array};
+use crate::model_v2::{worker, worker_property, I32Array, TransactionId, WorkerId};
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
 pub type ClusterControllerRef = Arc<ClusterController>;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ struct WorkerInfo(worker::Model, Option<worker_property::Model>);
 impl From<WorkerInfo> for PbWorkerNode {
     fn from(info: WorkerInfo) -> Self {
         Self {
-            id: info.0.worker_id as _,
+            id: info.0.worker_id,
             r#type: PbWorkerType::from(info.0.worker_type) as _,
             host: Some(PbHostAddress {
                 host: info.0.host,
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl From<WorkerInfo> for PbWorkerNode {
                         .iter()
                         .map(|&id| PbParallelUnit {
                             id: id as _,
-                            worker_node_id: info.0.worker_id as _,
+                            worker_node_id: info.0.worker_id,
                         })
                         .collect_vec()
                 })
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl From<WorkerInfo> for PbWorkerNode {
                 is_serving: p.is_serving,
                 is_unschedulable: p.is_unschedulable,
             }),
-            transactional_id: info.0.transaction_id.map(|txn| txn as _),
+            transactional_id: info.0.transaction_id,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl From<&PbWorkerNode> for worker::ActiveModel {
     fn from(worker: &PbWorkerNode) -> Self {
         let host = worker.host.clone().unwrap();
         Self {
-            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker.id as i32),
+            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker.id),
             worker_type: ActiveValue::Set(worker.r#type().into()),
             host: ActiveValue::Set(host.host),
             port: ActiveValue::Set(host.port),
@@ -312,14 +312,7 @@ impl ClusterController {
                 };
 
                 if let Err(err) = Worker::delete_many()
-                    .filter(
-                        worker::Column::WorkerId.is_in(
-                            worker_to_delete
-                                .into_iter()
-                                .map(|id| id as i32)
-                                .collect_vec(),
-                        ),
-                    )
+                    .filter(worker::Column::WorkerId.is_in(worker_to_delete))
                     .exec(&inner.db)
                     .await
                 {
@@ -457,7 +450,7 @@ pub struct StreamingClusterInfo {
 pub struct ClusterControllerInner {
     db: DatabaseConnection,
     /// Record for tracking available machine ids, one is available.
-    available_transactional_ids: VecDeque<i32>,
+    available_transactional_ids: VecDeque<TransactionId>,
     worker_extra_info: HashMap<WorkerId, WorkerExtraInfo>,
 }
 
@@ -466,7 +459,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
     pub const MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_COUNT: usize = 1 << Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS;
 
     pub async fn new(db: DatabaseConnection) -> MetaResult<Self> {
-        let workers: Vec<(i32, Option<i32>)> = Worker::find()
+        let workers: Vec<(WorkerId, Option<TransactionId>)> = Worker::find()
             .select_only()
             .column(worker::Column::WorkerId)
             .column(worker::Column::TransactionId)
@@ -478,13 +471,13 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
             .cloned()
             .filter_map(|(_, txn_id)| txn_id)
             .collect();
-        let available_transactional_ids = (0..Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_COUNT as i32)
+        let available_transactional_ids = (0..Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_COUNT as TransactionId)
             .filter(|id| !inuse_txn_ids.contains(id))
             .collect();
 
         let worker_extra_info = workers
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|(w, _)| (w as u32, WorkerExtraInfo::default()))
+            .map(|(w, _)| (w, WorkerExtraInfo::default()))
             .collect();
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -527,7 +520,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_transaction_id(&self, r#type: PbWorkerType) -> MetaResult<Option<i32>> {
+    fn apply_transaction_id(&self, r#type: PbWorkerType) -> MetaResult<Option<TransactionId>> {
         match (self.available_transactional_ids.front(), r#type) {
             (None, _) => Err(MetaError::unavailable(
                 "no available reusable machine id".to_string(),
@@ -548,9 +541,9 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
         let txn = self.db.begin().await?;
 
         // TODO: remove this workaround when we deprecate parallel unit ids.
-        let derive_parallel_units = |txn_id: i32, start: u32, end: u32| {
+        let derive_parallel_units = |txn_id: TransactionId, start: u32, end: u32| {
             (start..end)
-                .map(|idx| (idx << Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS) as i32 + txn_id)
+                .map(|idx| ((idx << Self::MAX_WORKER_REUSABLE_ID_BITS) + txn_id) as i32)
                 .collect_vec()
         };
 
@@ -607,11 +600,11 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
 
                 WorkerProperty::update(property).exec(&txn).await?;
                 txn.commit().await?;
-                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id as _, ttl)?;
-                Ok(worker.worker_id as WorkerId)
+                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id, ttl)?;
+                Ok(worker.worker_id)
             } else {
-                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id as _, ttl)?;
-                Ok(worker.worker_id as WorkerId)
+                self.update_worker_ttl(worker.worker_id, ttl)?;
+                Ok(worker.worker_id)
             };
         }
         let txn_id = self.apply_transaction_id(r#type)?;
@@ -628,7 +621,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
         let worker_id = insert_res.last_insert_id as WorkerId;
         if r#type == PbWorkerType::ComputeNode {
             let property = worker_property::ActiveModel {
-                worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(insert_res.last_insert_id),
+                worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker_id),
                 parallel_unit_ids: ActiveValue::Set(I32Array(derive_parallel_units(
                     *txn_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
                     0,
@@ -653,7 +646,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
 
     pub async fn activate_worker(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<PbWorkerNode> {
         let worker = worker::ActiveModel {
-            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker_id as i32),
+            worker_id: ActiveValue::Set(worker_id),
             status: ActiveValue::Set(WorkerStatus::Running),
             ..Default::default()
         };
@@ -676,10 +669,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
                 worker_property::Column::IsUnschedulable,
                 Expr::value(is_unschedulable),
             )
-            .filter(
-                worker_property::Column::WorkerId
-                    .is_in(worker_ids.into_iter().map(|id| id as i32).collect_vec()),
-            )
+            .filter(worker_property::Column::WorkerId.is_in(worker_ids))
             .exec(&self.db)
             .await?;
 
@@ -707,10 +697,9 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
             return Err(MetaError::invalid_parameter("worker not found!"));
         }
 
-        self.worker_extra_info
-            .remove(&(worker.worker_id as WorkerId));
+        self.worker_extra_info.remove(&worker.worker_id);
         if let Some(txn_id) = &worker.transaction_id {
-            self.available_transactional_ids.push_back(*txn_id as _);
+            self.available_transactional_ids.push_back(*txn_id);
         }
         Ok(WorkerInfo(worker, property).into())
     }
@@ -776,7 +765,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
     }
 
     pub async fn list_active_parallel_units(&self) -> MetaResult<Vec<ParallelUnit>> {
-        let parallel_units: Vec<(i32, I32Array)> = WorkerProperty::find()
+        let parallel_units: Vec<(WorkerId, I32Array)> = WorkerProperty::find()
             .select_only()
             .column(worker_property::Column::WorkerId)
             .column(worker_property::Column::ParallelUnitIds)
@@ -790,7 +779,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
             .flat_map(|(id, pu)| {
                 pu.0.into_iter().map(move |parallel_unit_id| ParallelUnit {
                     id: parallel_unit_id as _,
-                    worker_node_id: id as _,
+                    worker_node_id: id,
                 })
             })
             .collect_vec())
@@ -848,7 +837,7 @@ impl ClusterControllerInner {
     }
 
     pub async fn get_worker_by_id(&self, worker_id: WorkerId) -> MetaResult<Option<PbWorkerNode>> {
-        let worker = Worker::find_by_id(worker_id as i32)
+        let worker = Worker::find_by_id(worker_id)
             .find_also_related(WorkerProperty)
             .one(&self.db)
             .await?;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
index 3fcb6a7d004ae..5b0ff4ab99bef 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbDatabase, PbSchema};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbInfo as PbConnectionInfo;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbConnection, PbDatabase, PbSchema};
 use sea_orm::{ActiveValue, DatabaseConnection, ModelTrait};
 
-use crate::model_v2::{database, object, schema};
+use crate::model_v2::{connection, database, object, schema};
 use crate::MetaError;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@ impl From<PbSchema> for schema::ActiveModel {
         Self {
             schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.id as _),
             name: ActiveValue::Set(schema.name),
-            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.database_id as _),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -91,8 +91,21 @@ impl From<ObjectModel<schema::Model>> for PbSchema {
         Self {
             id: value.0.schema_id as _,
             name: value.0.name,
-            database_id: value.0.database_id as _,
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap() as _,
             owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<connection::Model>> for PbConnection {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<connection::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.1.oid as _,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap() as _,
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap() as _,
+            name: value.0.name,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+            info: Some(PbConnectionInfo::PrivateLinkService(value.0.info.0)),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
index 9e2e75f9eb10b..964ee24ae99b5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
@@ -12,16 +12,27 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use model_migration::WithQuery;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbConnection, PbFunction};
 use sea_orm::sea_query::{
-    Alias, CommonTableExpression, Expr, Query, SelectStatement, UnionType, WithClause,
+    Alias, CommonTableExpression, Expr, Query, QueryStatementBuilder, SelectStatement, UnionType,
+    WithClause,
+};
+use sea_orm::{
+    ColumnTrait, ConnectionTrait, DerivePartialModel, EntityTrait, FromQueryResult, JoinType,
+    Order, PaginatorTrait, QueryFilter, QuerySelect, RelationTrait, Statement,
 };
-use sea_orm::{ColumnTrait, JoinType, Order};
 
-use crate::model_v2::object_dependency;
+use crate::model_v2::object::ObjectType;
 use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
+use crate::model_v2::{
+    connection, function, index, object, object_dependency, schema, sink, source, table, view,
+    DataTypeArray, DatabaseId, ObjectId, SchemaId, UserId,
+};
+use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
-/// This function will construct a query using recursive cte to find all objects that are used by the given object.
+/// This function will construct a query using recursive cte to find all objects[(id, `obj_type`)] that are used by the given object.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
@@ -30,26 +41,26 @@ use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
 /// use sea_orm::sea_query::*;
 /// use sea_orm::*;
 ///
-/// let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(1, "used_by");
+/// let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(1);
 ///
 /// assert_eq!(
 ///     query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
-///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE `used_by_object_ids` (`used_by`) AS (SELECT `used_by` FROM `object_dependency` WHERE `object_dependency`.`oid` = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT `object_dependency`.`used_by` FROM `object_dependency` INNER JOIN `used_by_object_ids` ON `used_by_object_ids`.`used_by` = `oid`)) SELECT DISTINCT `used_by` FROM `used_by_object_ids` ORDER BY `used_by` DESC"#
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE `used_by_object_ids` (`used_by`) AS (SELECT `used_by` FROM `object_dependency` WHERE `object_dependency`.`oid` = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT `object_dependency`.`used_by` FROM `object_dependency` INNER JOIN `used_by_object_ids` ON `used_by_object_ids`.`used_by` = `oid`)) SELECT DISTINCT `oid`, `obj_type`, `schema_id`, `database_id` FROM `used_by_object_ids` INNER JOIN `object` ON `used_by_object_ids`.`used_by` = `oid` ORDER BY `oid` DESC"#
 /// );
 /// assert_eq!(
 ///     query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
-///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid")) SELECT DISTINCT "used_by" FROM "used_by_object_ids" ORDER BY "used_by" DESC"#
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL (SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid")) SELECT DISTINCT "oid", "obj_type", "schema_id", "database_id" FROM "used_by_object_ids" INNER JOIN "object" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid" ORDER BY "oid" DESC"#
 /// );
 /// assert_eq!(
 ///     query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
-///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid") SELECT DISTINCT "used_by" FROM "used_by_object_ids" ORDER BY "used_by" DESC"#
+///     r#"WITH RECURSIVE "used_by_object_ids" ("used_by") AS (SELECT "used_by" FROM "object_dependency" WHERE "object_dependency"."oid" = 1 UNION ALL SELECT "object_dependency"."used_by" FROM "object_dependency" INNER JOIN "used_by_object_ids" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid") SELECT DISTINCT "oid", "obj_type", "schema_id", "database_id" FROM "used_by_object_ids" INNER JOIN "object" ON "used_by_object_ids"."used_by" = "oid" ORDER BY "oid" DESC"#
 /// );
 /// ```
-pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: i32, column: &str) -> WithQuery {
+pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: ObjectId) -> WithQuery {
     let cte_alias = Alias::new("used_by_object_ids");
-    let cte_return_alias = Alias::new(column);
+    let cte_return_alias = Alias::new("used_by");
 
-    let base_query = SelectStatement::new()
+    let mut base_query = SelectStatement::new()
         .column(object_dependency::Column::UsedBy)
         .from(ObjectDependency)
         .and_where(object_dependency::Column::Oid.eq(obj_id))
@@ -58,8 +69,7 @@ pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: i32, column: &str) -> WithQuery {
     let cte_referencing = Query::select()
         .column((ObjectDependency, object_dependency::Column::UsedBy))
         .from(ObjectDependency)
-        .join(
-            JoinType::InnerJoin,
+        .inner_join(
             cte_alias.clone(),
             Expr::col((cte_alias.clone(), cte_return_alias.clone()))
                 .equals(object_dependency::Column::Oid),
@@ -67,21 +77,25 @@ pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: i32, column: &str) -> WithQuery {
         .to_owned();
 
     let common_table_expr = CommonTableExpression::new()
-        .query(
-            base_query
-                .clone()
-                .union(UnionType::All, cte_referencing)
-                .to_owned(),
-        )
+        .query(base_query.union(UnionType::All, cte_referencing).to_owned())
         .column(cte_return_alias.clone())
         .table_name(cte_alias.clone())
         .to_owned();
 
     SelectStatement::new()
         .distinct()
-        .column(cte_return_alias.clone())
-        .from(cte_alias)
-        .order_by(cte_return_alias.clone(), Order::Desc)
+        .columns([
+            object::Column::Oid,
+            object::Column::ObjType,
+            object::Column::SchemaId,
+            object::Column::DatabaseId,
+        ])
+        .from(cte_alias.clone())
+        .inner_join(
+            Object,
+            Expr::col((cte_alias, cte_return_alias.clone())).equals(object::Column::Oid),
+        )
+        .order_by(object::Column::Oid, Order::Desc)
         .to_owned()
         .with(
             WithClause::new()
@@ -91,3 +105,231 @@ pub fn construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id: i32, column: &str) -> WithQuery {
         )
         .to_owned()
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone, DerivePartialModel, FromQueryResult)]
+#[sea_orm(entity = "Object")]
+pub struct PartialObject {
+    pub oid: ObjectId,
+    pub obj_type: ObjectType,
+    pub schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
+    pub database_id: Option<DatabaseId>,
+}
+
+/// List all objects that are using the given one. It runs a recursive CTE to find all the dependencies.
+pub async fn list_used_by<C>(obj_id: ObjectId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<Vec<PartialObject>>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let query = construct_obj_dependency_query(obj_id);
+    let (sql, values) = query.build_any(&*db.get_database_backend().get_query_builder());
+    let objects = PartialObject::find_by_statement(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+        db.get_database_backend(),
+        sql,
+        values,
+    ))
+    .all(db)
+    .await?;
+    Ok(objects)
+}
+
+/// `ensure_object_id` ensures the existence of target object in the cluster.
+pub async fn ensure_object_id<C>(
+    object_type: ObjectType,
+    obj_id: ObjectId,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = Object::find_by_id(obj_id).count(db).await?;
+    if count == 0 {
+        return Err(MetaError::catalog_id_not_found(
+            object_type.as_str(),
+            obj_id,
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `ensure_user_id` ensures the existence of target user in the cluster.
+pub async fn ensure_user_id<C>(user_id: UserId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = User::find_by_id(user_id).count(db).await?;
+    if count == 0 {
+        return Err(anyhow!("user {} was concurrently dropped", user_id).into());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `check_function_signature_duplicate` checks whether the function name and its signature is already used in the target namespace.
+pub async fn check_function_signature_duplicate<C>(
+    pb_function: &PbFunction,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = Function::find()
+        .inner_join(Object)
+        .filter(
+            object::Column::DatabaseId
+                .eq(pb_function.database_id as DatabaseId)
+                .and(object::Column::SchemaId.eq(pb_function.schema_id as SchemaId))
+                .and(function::Column::Name.eq(&pb_function.name))
+                .and(function::Column::ArgTypes.eq(DataTypeArray(pb_function.arg_types.clone()))),
+        )
+        .count(db)
+        .await?;
+    if count > 0 {
+        assert_eq!(count, 1);
+        return Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated("function", &pb_function.name));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `check_connection_name_duplicate` checks whether the connection name is already used in the target namespace.
+pub async fn check_connection_name_duplicate<C>(
+    pb_connection: &PbConnection,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = Connection::find()
+        .inner_join(Object)
+        .filter(
+            object::Column::DatabaseId
+                .eq(pb_connection.database_id as DatabaseId)
+                .and(object::Column::SchemaId.eq(pb_connection.schema_id as SchemaId))
+                .and(connection::Column::Name.eq(&pb_connection.name)),
+        )
+        .count(db)
+        .await?;
+    if count > 0 {
+        assert_eq!(count, 1);
+        return Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated(
+            "connection",
+            &pb_connection.name,
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `check_relation_name_duplicate` checks whether the relation name is already used in the target namespace.
+pub async fn check_relation_name_duplicate<C>(
+    name: &str,
+    database_id: DatabaseId,
+    schema_id: SchemaId,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    macro_rules! check_duplicated {
+        ($obj_type:expr, $entity:ident, $table:ident) => {
+            let count = Object::find()
+                .inner_join($entity)
+                .filter(
+                    object::Column::DatabaseId
+                        .eq(Some(database_id))
+                        .and(object::Column::SchemaId.eq(Some(schema_id)))
+                        .and($table::Column::Name.eq(name)),
+                )
+                .count(db)
+                .await?;
+            if count != 0 {
+                return Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated($obj_type.as_str(), name));
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    check_duplicated!(ObjectType::Table, Table, table);
+    check_duplicated!(ObjectType::Source, Source, source);
+    check_duplicated!(ObjectType::Sink, Sink, sink);
+    check_duplicated!(ObjectType::Index, Index, index);
+    check_duplicated!(ObjectType::View, View, view);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `check_schema_name_duplicate` checks whether the schema name is already used in the target database.
+pub async fn check_schema_name_duplicate<C>(
+    name: &str,
+    database_id: DatabaseId,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = Object::find()
+        .inner_join(Schema)
+        .filter(
+            object::Column::ObjType
+                .eq(ObjectType::Schema)
+                .and(object::Column::DatabaseId.eq(Some(database_id)))
+                .and(schema::Column::Name.eq(name)),
+        )
+        .count(db)
+        .await?;
+    if count != 0 {
+        return Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated("schema", name));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `ensure_object_not_refer` ensures that object are not used by any other ones except indexes.
+pub async fn ensure_object_not_refer<C>(
+    object_type: ObjectType,
+    object_id: ObjectId,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    // Ignore indexes.
+    let count = if object_type == ObjectType::Table {
+        ObjectDependency::find()
+            .join(
+                JoinType::InnerJoin,
+                object_dependency::Relation::Object1.def(),
+            )
+            .filter(
+                object_dependency::Column::Oid
+                    .eq(object_id)
+                    .and(object::Column::ObjType.ne(ObjectType::Index)),
+            )
+            .count(db)
+            .await?
+    } else {
+        ObjectDependency::find()
+            .filter(object_dependency::Column::Oid.eq(object_id))
+            .count(db)
+            .await?
+    };
+    if count != 0 {
+        return Err(MetaError::permission_denied(format!(
+            "{} used by {} other objects.",
+            object_type.as_str(),
+            count
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `ensure_schema_empty` ensures that the schema is empty, used by `DROP SCHEMA`.
+pub async fn ensure_schema_empty<C>(schema_id: SchemaId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<()>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let count = Object::find()
+        .filter(object::Column::SchemaId.eq(Some(schema_id)))
+        .count(db)
+        .await?;
+    if count != 0 {
+        return Err(MetaError::permission_denied("schema is not empty".into()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
index 6f56002780411..f6638ed0b53a4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
@@ -12,29 +12,25 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::{PbInfo, PbPrivateLinkService};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbConnection;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+use sea_orm::{ActiveValue, FromJsonQueryResult};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::model_v2::ConnectionId;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "connection")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub connection_id: i32,
+    pub connection_id: ConnectionId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
-    pub info: Option<Json>,
+    pub info: PrivateLinkService,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::ConnectionId",
@@ -43,38 +39,18 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
     Sink,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
     Source,
 }
 
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Object.def()
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Sink.def()
@@ -88,3 +64,22 @@ impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
 }
 
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct PrivateLinkService(pub PbPrivateLinkService);
+
+impl Eq for PrivateLinkService {}
+
+impl From<PbConnection> for ActiveModel {
+    fn from(conn: PbConnection) -> Self {
+        let Some(PbInfo::PrivateLinkService(private_link_srv)) = conn.info else {
+            unreachable!("private link not provided.")
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            connection_id: ActiveValue::Set(conn.id as _),
+            name: ActiveValue::Set(conn.name),
+            info: ActiveValue::Set(PrivateLinkService(private_link_srv)),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
index dca87c32b9f44..909c12eceac5a 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/database.rs
@@ -14,23 +14,19 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::DatabaseId;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "database")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub database_id: i32,
+    pub database_id: DatabaseId,
     #[sea_orm(unique)]
     pub name: String,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::connection::Entity")]
-    Connection,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::function::Entity")]
-    Function,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
-    Index,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::DatabaseId",
@@ -39,34 +35,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::schema::Entity")]
-    Schema,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
-    Sink,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
-    Source,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
-    Table,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::view::Entity")]
-    View,
-}
-
-impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Connection.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::function::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Function.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::index::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Index.def()
-    }
 }
 
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
@@ -75,34 +43,4 @@ impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Sink.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Source.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Table.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::view::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::View.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
index e60f9ea5a2bde..663f8e2284fd7 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/function.rs
@@ -12,34 +12,40 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::function::Kind;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbFunction;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+use sea_orm::ActiveValue;
+
+use crate::model_v2::{DataType, DataTypeArray, FunctionId};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum FunctionKind {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "Scalar")]
+    Scalar,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "Table")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "Aggregate")]
+    Aggregate,
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "function")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub function_id: i32,
+    pub function_id: FunctionId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
-    pub arg_types: Option<Json>,
-    pub return_type: Option<String>,
-    pub language: Option<String>,
-    pub link: Option<String>,
-    pub identifier: Option<String>,
-    pub kind: Option<Json>,
+    pub arg_types: DataTypeArray,
+    pub return_type: DataType,
+    pub language: String,
+    pub link: String,
+    pub identifier: String,
+    pub kind: FunctionKind,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::FunctionId",
@@ -48,20 +54,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
-}
-
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
 }
 
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
@@ -70,10 +62,29 @@ impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
+
+impl From<Kind> for FunctionKind {
+    fn from(kind: Kind) -> Self {
+        match kind {
+            Kind::Scalar(_) => Self::Scalar,
+            Kind::Table(_) => Self::Table,
+            Kind::Aggregate(_) => Self::Aggregate,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
+impl From<PbFunction> for ActiveModel {
+    fn from(function: PbFunction) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            function_id: ActiveValue::Set(function.id as _),
+            name: ActiveValue::Set(function.name),
+            arg_types: ActiveValue::Set(DataTypeArray(function.arg_types)),
+            return_type: ActiveValue::Set(DataType(function.return_type.unwrap())),
+            language: ActiveValue::Set(function.language),
+            link: ActiveValue::Set(function.link),
+            identifier: ActiveValue::Set(function.identifier),
+            kind: ActiveValue::Set(function.kind.unwrap().into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
index 4cd3cf212a03c..6a4b7d1b349ca 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
@@ -14,32 +14,22 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+use crate::model_v2::{I32Array, IndexId, TableId};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "index")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub index_id: i32,
+    pub index_id: IndexId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
-    pub index_table_id: i32,
-    pub primary_table_id: i32,
+    pub index_table_id: TableId,
+    pub primary_table_id: TableId,
     pub index_items: Option<Json>,
     pub original_columns: Option<I32Array>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::IndexId",
@@ -48,14 +38,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::table::Entity",
         from = "Column::IndexTableId",
@@ -74,22 +56,10 @@ pub enum Relation {
     Table1,
 }
 
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Object.def()
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
index e2bb65d68a849..35d1ab29020e6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     )
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::ObjType).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::OwnerId).integer().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::SchemaId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Object::DatabaseId).integer())
                     .col(
                         ColumnDef::new(Object::InitializedAt)
                             .timestamp()
@@ -165,6 +167,23 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                             .name("FK_object_owner_id")
                             .from(Object::Table, Object::OwnerId)
                             .to(User::Table, User::UserId)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_object_database_id")
+                            .from(Object::Table, Object::DatabaseId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    )
+                    .foreign_key(
+                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
+                            .name("FK_object_schema_id")
+                            .from(Object::Table, Object::SchemaId)
+                            .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
+                            .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)
                             .to_owned(),
                     )
                     .to_owned(),
@@ -281,14 +300,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Schema::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::SchemaId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Schema::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_schema_database_id")
-                            .from(Schema::Table, Schema::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_schema_object_id")
@@ -377,23 +388,7 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                             .primary_key(),
                     )
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::Info).json())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_connection_database_id")
-                            .from(Connection::Table, Connection::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_connection_schema_id")
-                            .from(Connection::Table, Connection::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Connection::Info).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_connection_object_id")
@@ -411,8 +406,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Source::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SourceId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::RowIdIndex).string())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Columns).json())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::PkColumnIds).json())
@@ -422,20 +415,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::WatermarkDescs).json())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::OptionalAssociatedTableId).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::ConnectionId).integer())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_source_database_id")
-                            .from(Source::Table, Source::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_source_schema_id")
-                            .from(Source::Table, Source::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_source_object_id")
@@ -460,41 +439,37 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Table::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::TableId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId).integer())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::TableType).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Columns).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Pk).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistributionKey).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::AppendOnly).boolean())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Properties).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::FragmentId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::TableType).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Columns).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Pk).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistributionKey).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::AppendOnly).boolean().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Properties).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::FragmentId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::VnodeColIndex).integer())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ValueIndices).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Definition).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::HandlePkConflictBehavior).integer())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ReadPrefixLenHint).integer())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::WatermarkIndices).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistKeyInPk).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ValueIndices).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Definition).string().not_null())
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Table::HandlePkConflictBehavior)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Table::ReadPrefixLenHint)
+                            .integer()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::WatermarkIndices).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistKeyInPk).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DmlFragmentId).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Cardinality).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::CleanedByWatermark).boolean())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Version).json())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_table_database_id")
-                            .from(Table::Table, Table::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_table_schema_id")
-                            .from(Table::Table, Table::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
+                    .col(
+                        ColumnDef::new(Table::CleanedByWatermark)
+                            .boolean()
+                            .not_null(),
                     )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Version).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_view_object_id")
@@ -533,8 +508,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Sink::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Columns).json())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::PkColumnIds).json())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DistributionKey).json())
@@ -545,20 +518,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::ConnectionId).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DbName).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkFromName).string().not_null())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_sink_database_id")
-                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_sink_schema_id")
-                            .from(Sink::Table, Sink::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_sink_object_id")
@@ -583,25 +542,9 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(View::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::ViewId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Properties).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Sql).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Columns).json())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_view_database_id")
-                            .from(View::Table, View::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_view_schema_id")
-                            .from(View::Table, View::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Properties).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Sql).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Columns).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_view_object_id")
@@ -619,26 +562,10 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Index::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexTableId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::PrimaryTableId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexItems).json())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::OriginalColumns).json())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_index_database_id")
-                            .from(Index::Table, Index::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_index_schema_id")
-                            .from(Index::Table, Index::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_index_object_id")
@@ -670,28 +597,12 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Function::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::FunctionId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::SchemaId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::DatabaseId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ArgTypes).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ReturnType).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Language).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Link).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Identifier).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Kind).json())
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_function_database_id")
-                            .from(Function::Table, Function::DatabaseId)
-                            .to(Database::Table, Database::DatabaseId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
-                    .foreign_key(
-                        &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_function_schema_id")
-                            .from(Function::Table, Function::SchemaId)
-                            .to(Schema::Table, Schema::SchemaId)
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ArgTypes).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::ReturnType).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Language).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Link).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Identifier).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Function::Kind).string().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_function_object_id")
@@ -774,17 +685,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .to_owned(),
             )
             .await?;
-        manager
-            .create_index(
-                MigrationIndex::create()
-                    .table(Schema::Table)
-                    .name("idx_schema_database_id_name")
-                    .unique()
-                    .col(Schema::DatabaseId)
-                    .col(Schema::Name)
-                    .to_owned(),
-            )
-            .await?;
 
         // 4. initialize data.
         let insert_cluster_id = Query::insert()
@@ -820,12 +720,12 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
         // Since User table is newly created, we assume that the initial user id of `root` is 1 and `postgres` is 2.
         let insert_objects = Query::insert()
             .into_table(Object::Table)
-            .columns([Object::ObjType, Object::OwnerId])
-            .values_panic(["DATABASE".into(), 1.into()])
-            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // public
-            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // pg_catalog
-            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // information_schema
-            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into()]) // rw_catalog
+            .columns([Object::ObjType, Object::OwnerId, Object::DatabaseId])
+            .values_panic(["DATABASE".into(), 1.into(), None::<i32>.into()])
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into(), 1.into()]) // public
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into(), 1.into()]) // pg_catalog
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into(), 1.into()]) // information_schema
+            .values_panic(["SCHEMA".into(), 1.into(), 1.into()]) // rw_catalog
             .to_owned();
 
         // Since all tables are newly created, we assume that the initial object id of `dev` is 1 and the schemas' ids are 2, 3, 4, 5.
@@ -836,11 +736,11 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
             .to_owned();
         let insert_sys_schemas = Query::insert()
             .into_table(Schema::Table)
-            .columns([Schema::SchemaId, Schema::Name, Schema::DatabaseId])
-            .values_panic([2.into(), "public".into(), 1.into()])
-            .values_panic([3.into(), "pg_catalog".into(), 1.into()])
-            .values_panic([4.into(), "information_schema".into(), 1.into()])
-            .values_panic([5.into(), "rw_catalog".into(), 1.into()])
+            .columns([Schema::SchemaId, Schema::Name])
+            .values_panic([2.into(), "public".into()])
+            .values_panic([3.into(), "pg_catalog".into()])
+            .values_panic([4.into(), "information_schema".into()])
+            .values_panic([5.into(), "rw_catalog".into()])
             .to_owned();
 
         manager.exec_stmt(insert_cluster_id).await?;
@@ -962,7 +862,6 @@ enum Schema {
     Table,
     SchemaId,
     Name,
-    DatabaseId,
 }
 
 #[derive(DeriveIden)]
@@ -1000,8 +899,6 @@ enum Table {
     Table,
     TableId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     OptionalAssociatedSourceId,
     TableType,
     Columns,
@@ -1028,8 +925,6 @@ enum Source {
     Table,
     SourceId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     RowIdIndex,
     Columns,
     PkColumnIds,
@@ -1046,8 +941,6 @@ enum Sink {
     Table,
     SinkId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     Columns,
     PkColumnIds,
     DistributionKey,
@@ -1065,8 +958,6 @@ enum Connection {
     Table,
     ConnectionId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     Info,
 }
 
@@ -1075,8 +966,6 @@ enum View {
     Table,
     ViewId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     Properties,
     Sql,
     Columns,
@@ -1087,8 +976,6 @@ enum Index {
     Table,
     IndexId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     IndexTableId,
     PrimaryTableId,
     IndexItems,
@@ -1100,8 +987,6 @@ enum Function {
     Table,
     FunctionId,
     Name,
-    SchemaId,
-    DatabaseId,
     ArgTypes,
     ReturnType,
     Language,
@@ -1116,6 +1001,8 @@ enum Object {
     Oid,
     ObjType,
     OwnerId,
+    SchemaId,
+    DatabaseId,
     InitializedAt,
     CreatedAt,
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
index 6370271551e88..d053a513a9671 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use sea_orm::FromJsonQueryResult;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -48,5 +50,34 @@ pub mod view;
 pub mod worker;
 pub mod worker_property;
 
+pub type WorkerId = u32;
+pub type TransactionId = u32;
+
+pub type ObjectId = u32;
+pub type DatabaseId = ObjectId;
+pub type SchemaId = ObjectId;
+pub type TableId = ObjectId;
+pub type SourceId = ObjectId;
+pub type SinkId = ObjectId;
+pub type IndexId = ObjectId;
+pub type ViewId = ObjectId;
+pub type FunctionId = ObjectId;
+pub type ConnectionId = ObjectId;
+pub type UserId = u32;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct I32Array(pub Vec<i32>);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct DataType(pub risingwave_pb::data::DataType);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct DataTypeArray(pub Vec<risingwave_pb::data::DataType>);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct FieldArray(pub Vec<risingwave_pb::plan_common::Field>);
+
+impl Eq for FieldArray {}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct Property(pub HashMap<String, String>);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
index a2bc1164b631d..5048f93a483d9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+use crate::model_v2::{DatabaseId, ObjectId, SchemaId, UserId};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
 pub enum ObjectType {
     #[sea_orm(string_value = "DATABASE")]
@@ -37,13 +39,31 @@ pub enum ObjectType {
     Connection,
 }
 
+impl ObjectType {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ObjectType::Database => "database",
+            ObjectType::Schema => "schema",
+            ObjectType::Table => "table",
+            ObjectType::Source => "source",
+            ObjectType::Sink => "sink",
+            ObjectType::View => "view",
+            ObjectType::Index => "index",
+            ObjectType::Function => "function",
+            ObjectType::Connection => "connection",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "object")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
-    pub oid: i32,
+    pub oid: ObjectId,
     pub obj_type: ObjectType,
-    pub owner_id: i32,
+    pub owner_id: UserId,
+    pub schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
+    pub database_id: Option<DatabaseId>,
     pub initialized_at: DateTime,
     pub created_at: DateTime,
 }
@@ -60,6 +80,22 @@ pub enum Relation {
     Function,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
     Index,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "Entity",
+        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
+        to = "Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    SelfRef2,
+    #[sea_orm(
+        belongs_to = "Entity",
+        from = "Column::SchemaId",
+        to = "Column::Oid",
+        on_update = "NoAction",
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
+    )]
+    SelfRef1,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::schema::Entity")]
     Schema,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
@@ -73,7 +109,7 @@ pub enum Relation {
         from = "Column::OwnerId",
         to = "super::user::Column::UserId",
         on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
+        on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     User,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::user_privilege::Entity")]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
index b1a0164ff0f4b..53800112a7370 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/object_dependency.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::{ObjectId, UserId};
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "object_dependency")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
     pub id: i32,
-    pub oid: i32,
-    pub used_by: i32,
+    pub oid: ObjectId,
+    pub used_by: UserId,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
index 927989a1e6fb4..2c28665fd06f0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/schema.rs
@@ -14,31 +14,18 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::SchemaId;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "schema")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub schema_id: i32,
+    pub schema_id: SchemaId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub database_id: i32,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::connection::Entity")]
-    Connection,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::function::Entity")]
-    Function,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::index::Entity")]
-    Index,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::SchemaId",
@@ -47,38 +34,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::sink::Entity")]
-    Sink,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::source::Entity")]
-    Source,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
-    Table,
-    #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::view::Entity")]
-    View,
-}
-
-impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Connection.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::function::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Function.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::index::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Index.def()
-    }
 }
 
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
@@ -87,28 +42,4 @@ impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::sink::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Sink.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Source.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Table.def()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Related<super::view::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::View.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
index 5501d05387edf..8c22a04a8fd01 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+use crate::model_v2::{ConnectionId, I32Array, SinkId};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
@@ -31,10 +31,8 @@ pub enum SinkType {
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "sink")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub sink_id: i32,
+    pub sink_id: SinkId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
     pub columns: Option<Json>,
     pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
     pub distribution_key: Option<I32Array>,
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
     pub properties: Option<Json>,
     pub definition: String,
-    pub connection_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub connection_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
     pub db_name: String,
     pub sink_from_name: String,
 }
@@ -57,14 +55,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "NoAction"
     )]
     Connection,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::SinkId",
@@ -73,14 +63,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
 }
 
 impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
@@ -89,22 +71,10 @@ impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Object.def()
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
index f498bd643da8f..9bb6acc9382aa 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::{ConnectionId, SourceId, TableId};
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "source")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub source_id: i32,
+    pub source_id: SourceId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
     pub row_id_index: Option<String>,
     pub columns: Option<Json>,
     pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub definition: Option<String>,
     pub source_info: Option<Json>,
     pub watermark_descs: Option<Json>,
-    pub optional_associated_table_id: Option<i32>,
-    pub connection_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub optional_associated_table_id: Option<TableId>,
+    pub connection_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "NoAction"
     )]
     Connection,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::SourceId",
@@ -59,14 +51,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
     #[sea_orm(has_many = "super::table::Entity")]
     Table,
 }
@@ -77,24 +61,12 @@ impl Related<super::connection::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Object.def()
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::table::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Table.def()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
index 9b43272358d82..b2815eed7c8a0 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
@@ -14,47 +14,50 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+use crate::model_v2::{I32Array, Property, SourceId, TableId};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum TableType {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "TABLE")]
+    Table,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "MATERIALIZED_VIEW")]
+    MaterializedView,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "INDEX")]
+    Index,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "INTERNAL")]
+    Internal,
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "table")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub table_id: i32,
+    pub table_id: TableId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
-    pub optional_associated_source_id: Option<i32>,
-    pub table_type: Option<String>,
-    pub columns: Option<Json>,
-    pub pk: Option<Json>,
-    pub distribution_key: Option<I32Array>,
-    pub append_only: Option<bool>,
-    pub properties: Option<Json>,
-    pub fragment_id: Option<i32>,
-    pub vnode_col_index: Option<i32>,
-    pub value_indices: Option<I32Array>,
-    pub definition: Option<String>,
-    pub handle_pk_conflict_behavior: Option<i32>,
-    pub read_prefix_len_hint: Option<i32>,
-    pub watermark_indices: Option<I32Array>,
-    pub dist_key_in_pk: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub optional_associated_source_id: Option<SourceId>,
+    pub table_type: TableType,
+    pub columns: Json,
+    pub pk: Json,
+    pub distribution_key: I32Array,
+    pub append_only: bool,
+    pub properties: Property,
+    pub fragment_id: i32,
+    pub vnode_col_index: I32Array,
+    pub value_indices: I32Array,
+    pub definition: String,
+    pub handle_pk_conflict_behavior: i32,
+    pub read_prefix_len_hint: i32,
+    pub watermark_indices: I32Array,
+    pub dist_key_in_pk: I32Array,
     pub dml_fragment_id: Option<i32>,
     pub cardinality: Option<I32Array>,
-    pub cleaned_by_watermark: Option<bool>,
-    pub version: Option<Json>,
+    pub cleaned_by_watermark: bool,
+    pub version: Json,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::fragment::Entity",
         from = "Column::DmlFragmentId",
@@ -79,14 +82,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::source::Entity",
         from = "Column::OptionalAssociatedSourceId",
@@ -97,24 +92,12 @@ pub enum Relation {
     Source,
 }
 
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Object.def()
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
     fn to() -> RelationDef {
         Relation::Source.def()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
index b37316684470e..0e7ab4dd17876 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::UserId;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "user")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
-    pub user_id: i32,
+    pub user_id: UserId,
     pub name: String,
     pub is_super: bool,
     pub can_create_db: bool,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
index 4079323904994..335f716cec1c8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/user_privilege.rs
@@ -14,14 +14,16 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::model_v2::{ObjectId, UserId};
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "user_privilege")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
     pub id: i32,
-    pub user_id: i32,
-    pub oid: i32,
-    pub granted_by: i32,
+    pub user_id: UserId,
+    pub oid: ObjectId,
+    pub granted_by: UserId,
     pub actions: String,
     pub with_grant_option: bool,
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
index b0689e56afeef..5bad8593e0b72 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
@@ -12,31 +12,25 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbView;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+use sea_orm::ActiveValue;
+
+use crate::model_v2::{FieldArray, Property, ViewId};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "view")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub view_id: i32,
+    pub view_id: ViewId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub schema_id: i32,
-    pub database_id: i32,
-    pub properties: Option<Json>,
-    pub sql: Option<String>,
-    pub columns: Option<Json>,
+    pub properties: Property,
+    pub sql: String,
+    pub columns: FieldArray,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
 pub enum Relation {
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::database::Entity",
-        from = "Column::DatabaseId",
-        to = "super::database::Column::DatabaseId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Database,
     #[sea_orm(
         belongs_to = "super::object::Entity",
         from = "Column::ViewId",
@@ -45,20 +39,6 @@ pub enum Relation {
         on_delete = "Cascade"
     )]
     Object,
-    #[sea_orm(
-        belongs_to = "super::schema::Entity",
-        from = "Column::SchemaId",
-        to = "super::schema::Column::SchemaId",
-        on_update = "NoAction",
-        on_delete = "NoAction"
-    )]
-    Schema,
-}
-
-impl Related<super::database::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Database.def()
-    }
 }
 
 impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
@@ -67,10 +47,16 @@ impl Related<super::object::Entity> for Entity {
     }
 }
 
-impl Related<super::schema::Entity> for Entity {
-    fn to() -> RelationDef {
-        Relation::Schema.def()
+impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
+
+impl From<PbView> for ActiveModel {
+    fn from(view: PbView) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            view_id: ActiveValue::Set(view.id as _),
+            name: ActiveValue::Set(view.name),
+            properties: ActiveValue::Set(Property(view.properties)),
+            sql: ActiveValue::Set(view.sql),
+            columns: ActiveValue::Set(FieldArray(view.columns)),
+        }
     }
 }
-
-impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
index 6d786b0d5a860..08cdb2be34da1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::model_v2::{TransactionId, WorkerId};
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
 pub enum WorkerType {
@@ -41,12 +44,12 @@ pub enum WorkerStatus {
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "worker")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
-    pub worker_id: i32,
+    pub worker_id: WorkerId,
     pub worker_type: WorkerType,
     pub host: String,
     pub port: i32,
     pub status: WorkerStatus,
-    pub transaction_id: Option<i32>,
+    pub transaction_id: Option<TransactionId>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs
index 862733d6f8544..8521cbed15ce2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/worker_property.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::I32Array;
+use crate::model_v2::{I32Array, WorkerId};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "worker_property")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub worker_id: i32,
+    pub worker_id: WorkerId,
     pub parallel_unit_ids: I32Array,
     pub is_streaming: bool,
     pub is_serving: bool,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index 722cce94b866a..2202e51ca6698 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ use crate::stream::{
 };
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
 pub enum DropMode {
     Restrict,
     Cascade,

From bbd28521a296c007c1b761f8011ffc50c134cdcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 15:14:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 392/430] refactor(source): cleanup schema registry name
 strategy handling (#12968)

---
 src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs       | 28 ++++--
 .../src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs        | 23 ++---
 src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs   | 18 ++--
 .../src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs         | 89 +++++--------------
 4 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
index 0ce94cc1158eb..d583ef83a8227 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
@@ -126,22 +126,32 @@ impl AvroParserConfig {
                 } else {
                     None
                 };
-            let (subject_key, subject_value) = get_subject_by_strategy(
+            let subject_key = if enable_upsert {
+                Some(get_subject_by_strategy(
+                    &avro_config.name_strategy,
+                    avro_config.topic.as_str(),
+                    avro_config.key_record_name.as_deref(),
+                    true,
+                )?)
+            } else {
+                if let Some(name) = &avro_config.key_record_name {
+                    return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
+                        "key.message = {name} not used",
+                    ))));
+                }
+                None
+            };
+            let subject_value = get_subject_by_strategy(
                 &avro_config.name_strategy,
                 avro_config.topic.as_str(),
-                avro_config.key_record_name.as_deref(),
                 avro_config.record_name.as_deref(),
-                enable_upsert,
+                false,
             )?;
-            tracing::debug!(
-                "infer key subject {}, value subject {}",
-                subject_key,
-                subject_value
-            );
+            tracing::debug!("infer key subject {subject_key:?}, value subject {subject_value}");
 
             Ok(Self {
                 schema: resolver.get_by_subject_name(&subject_value).await?,
-                key_schema: if enable_upsert {
+                key_schema: if let Some(subject_key) = subject_key {
                     Some(resolver.get_by_subject_name(&subject_key).await?)
                 } else {
                     None
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
index a83b1443b5b1e..23161ba635b44 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@ use apache_avro::{from_avro_datum, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::try_match_expand;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc;
 
 use crate::parser::avro::schema_resolver::ConfluentSchemaResolver;
 use crate::parser::avro::util::avro_schema_to_column_descs;
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::{extract_schema_id, handle_sr_list, Client};
+use crate::parser::schema_registry::{
+    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
+};
 use crate::parser::unified::avro::{
     avro_extract_field_schema, avro_schema_skip_union, AvroAccess, AvroParseOptions,
 };
@@ -108,18 +111,16 @@ impl DebeziumAvroParserConfig {
         let kafka_topic = &avro_config.topic;
         let url = handle_sr_list(schema_location)?;
         let client = Client::new(url, client_config)?;
-        let raw_schema = client
-            .get_schema_by_subject(format!("{}-key", &kafka_topic).as_str())
-            .await?;
-        let key_schema = Schema::parse_str(&raw_schema.content)
-            .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!("Avro schema parse error {}", e))))?;
-
         let resolver = ConfluentSchemaResolver::new(client);
-        let outer_schema = resolver
-            .get_by_subject_name(&format!("{}-value", kafka_topic))
-            .await?;
+
+        let name_strategy = &PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicNameStrategyUnspecified;
+        let key_subject = get_subject_by_strategy(name_strategy, kafka_topic, None, true)?;
+        let val_subject = get_subject_by_strategy(name_strategy, kafka_topic, None, false)?;
+        let key_schema = resolver.get_by_subject_name(&key_subject).await?;
+        let outer_schema = resolver.get_by_subject_name(&val_subject).await?;
+
         Ok(Self {
-            key_schema: Arc::new(key_schema),
+            key_schema,
             outer_schema,
             schema_resolver: Arc::new(resolver),
         })
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
index 09763bcd6a49d..b07a7b214d2c9 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
@@ -83,19 +83,21 @@ impl ProtobufParserConfig {
         let message_name = &protobuf_config.message_name;
         let url = handle_sr_list(location.as_str())?;
 
+        if let Some(name) = protobuf_config.key_message_name {
+            // https://docs.confluent.io/platform/7.5/control-center/topics/schema.html#c3-schemas-best-practices-key-value-pairs
+            return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
+                "key.message = {name} not used. Protobuf key unsupported."
+            ))));
+        }
         let schema_bytes = if protobuf_config.use_schema_registry {
-            let (schema_key, schema_value) = get_subject_by_strategy(
+            let schema_value = get_subject_by_strategy(
                 &protobuf_config.name_strategy,
                 protobuf_config.topic.as_str(),
-                protobuf_config.key_message_name.as_deref(),
                 Some(message_name.as_ref()),
-                protobuf_config.enable_upsert,
+                false,
             )?;
-            tracing::debug!(
-                "infer key subject {}, value subject {}",
-                schema_key,
-                schema_value,
-            );
+            tracing::debug!("infer value subject {schema_value}");
+
             let client = Client::new(url, &protobuf_config.client_config)?;
             compile_file_descriptor_from_schema_registry(schema_value.as_str(), &client).await?
         } else {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs
index 23a553b94dad7..85821f59b8115 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs
@@ -32,77 +32,32 @@ pub fn name_strategy_from_str(value: &str) -> Option<PbSchemaRegistryNameStrateg
 pub fn get_subject_by_strategy(
     name_strategy: &PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy,
     topic: &str,
-    key_record_name: Option<&str>,
     record: Option<&str>,
-    require_key: bool,
-) -> Result<(String, String), RwError> {
-    let build_error_lack_field =
-        |ns: &PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, expect: &[&str], got: &[Option<&str>]| -> RwError {
-            RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
-                "{:?} expect num-empty field {:?} but got {:?}",
-                ns.as_str_name(),
-                expect,
-                got
-            )))
-        };
-    let build_error_redundant_field =
-        |ns: &PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, expect: &[&str], got: &[Option<&str>]| -> RwError {
-            RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
-                "{:?} expect empty field {:?} but got {:?}",
-                ns.as_str_name(),
-                expect,
-                got
-            )))
-        };
-    match (name_strategy, require_key) {
-        (PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicNameStrategyUnspecified, _) => {
+    is_key: bool,
+) -> Result<String, RwError> {
+    let build_error_lack_field = |ns: &PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, expect: &str| -> RwError {
+        RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
+            "{} expect num-empty field {}",
+            ns.as_str_name(),
+            expect,
+        )))
+    };
+    let record_option_name = if is_key { "key.message" } else { "message" };
+    match name_strategy {
+        PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicNameStrategyUnspecified => {
             // default behavior
-            Ok((format!("{}-key", topic), format!("{}-value", topic)))
+            let suffix = if is_key { "key" } else { "value" };
+            Ok(format!("{topic}-{suffix}",))
         }
-        (ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::RecordNameStrategy, true) => {
-            if let Some(record_name) = record && let Some(key_rec_name) = key_record_name {
-                Ok((key_rec_name.to_string(), record_name.to_string()))
-            } else {
-                Err(build_error_lack_field(ns, &["key.message","message"], &[key_record_name, record]))
-            }
+        ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::RecordNameStrategy => {
+            let record_name =
+                record.ok_or_else(|| build_error_lack_field(ns, record_option_name))?;
+            Ok(record_name.to_string())
         }
-        (ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::RecordNameStrategy, false) => {
-            if key_record_name.is_some() {
-                return Err(build_error_redundant_field(ns, &["key.message"], &[key_record_name]));
-            }
-            if let Some(record_name) = record {
-                Ok(("".to_string(), record_name.to_string()))
-            } else {
-                Err(build_error_lack_field(ns, &["message"], &[record]))
-            }
-        }
-        (ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicRecordNameStrategy, true) => {
-            if let Some(record_name) = record && let Some(key_rec_name) = key_record_name {
-                Ok((
-                    format!("{}-{}", topic, key_rec_name),
-                    format!("{}-{}", topic, record_name),
-                ))
-            } else {
-                Err(build_error_lack_field(
-                    ns,
-                    &["topic", "key.message","message"],
-                    &[Some(topic), key_record_name, record],
-                ))
-            }
-        }
-        (ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicRecordNameStrategy, false) => {
-            if key_record_name.is_some() {
-                return Err(build_error_redundant_field(ns, &["key.message"], &[key_record_name]));
-            }
-            if let Some(record_name) = record {
-                Ok(("".to_string(), format!("{}-{}", topic, record_name)))
-            } else {
-                Err(build_error_lack_field(
-                    ns,
-                    &["topic","message"],
-                    &[Some(topic), record],
-                ))
-            }
+        ns @ PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy::TopicRecordNameStrategy => {
+            let record_name =
+                record.ok_or_else(|| build_error_lack_field(ns, record_option_name))?;
+            Ok(format!("{topic}-{record_name}"))
         }
     }
 }

From 38a066c562cf6defb4d6d0bff0e3d488d9263132 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 16:38:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 393/430] feat(memory): add jvm memory to compute node memory
 control (#12965)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 .../dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json  |   2 +-
 .../dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py |  20 ++
 grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json         |   2 +-
 grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json        |   2 +-
 src/compute/Cargo.toml                        |   1 +
 .../src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs   |   8 +
 src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs      |   6 +-
 src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs   |  24 ++-
 src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs              |   6 +-
 .../src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs          |   2 +-
 src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs |   6 +-
 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs               | 191 ++++++++++++------
 .../src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs   |  18 ++
 15 files changed, 206 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 68a19fffa8f47..47e8d5f09c30d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7220,6 +7220,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risingwave_common_service",
  "risingwave_connector",
  "risingwave_hummock_sdk",
+ "risingwave_jni_core",
  "risingwave_pb",
  "risingwave_rpc_client",
  "risingwave_source",
diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index dabc75f8a4d27..9b9bb59829d23 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"__inputs":[],"annotations":{"list":[]},"description":"RisingWave Dev Dashboard","editable":true,"gnetId":null,"hideControls":false,"id":null,"links":[],"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":1,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from actor id to fragment id","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":2,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"actor_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor Id Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"color":{"mode":"thresholds"},"columns":[],"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"Mapping from materialized view table id to it's internal table ids","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{"align":"auto","displayMode":"auto","filterable":true},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"fontSize":"100%","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":3,"interval":null,"links":[],"mappings":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"showHeader":true},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":6,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"table_info{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}","format":"table","hide":false,"instant":true,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"","metric":"","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Materialized View Info","transformations":[{"id":"organize","options":{"excludeByName":{"Time":true,"Value":true,"__name__":true,"instance":true,"job":true}}}],"transparent":false,"type":"table"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Actor/Table Id Info","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":1},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":4,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The number of each type of RisingWave components alive.","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":""},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":5,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["last"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"sum(worker_num{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}) by (worker_type)","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"{{worker_type}}","metric":"","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Node Count","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"The memory usage of each RisingWave 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diff --git a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 41445ec1e30fb..63e3ed095ac69 100644
--- a/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
+++ b/docker/dashboards/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
index 183ae7bf0be6f..e22837410866b 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.dashboard.py
@@ -3220,6 +3220,26 @@ def section_memory_manager(outer_panels):
                         ),
                     ],
                 ),
+                panels.timeseries_memory(
+                    "The allocated memory of jvm",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('jvm_allocated_bytes')}",
+                            "",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                panels.timeseries_memory(
+                    "The active memory of jvm",
+                    "",
+                    [
+                        panels.target(
+                            f"{metric('jvm_active_bytes')}",
+                            "",
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
                 panels.timeseries_ms(
                     "LRU manager diff between current watermark and evicted watermark time (ms) for actors",
                     "",
diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
index dabc75f8a4d27..9b9bb59829d23 100644
--- a/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
+++ b/grafana/risingwave-dev-dashboard.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json b/grafana/risingwave-user-dashboard.json
index 41445ec1e30fb..63e3ed095ac69 100644
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instance))","refId":"","step":10,"target":""},{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(frontend_latency_local_execution_bucket{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"p99 - {{job}} @ {{instance}}","metric":"","query":"histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(frontend_latency_local_execution_bucket{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (le, job, instance))","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Query Latency in Local Execution Mode","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Batch","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"collapsed":true,"datasource":null,"description":null,"editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}}},"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":56},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":50,"interval":null,"links":[],"maxDataPoints":100,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"panels":[{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"description":"","editable":true,"error":false,"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"color":{"mode":"palette-classic"},"custom":{"axisLabel":"","axisPlacement":"auto","barAlignment":0,"drawStyle":"line","fillOpacity":10,"gradientMode":"none","hideFrom":{"legend":false,"tooltip":false,"viz":false},"lineInterpolation":"linear","lineWidth":1,"pointSize":5,"scaleDistribution":{"log":2,"type":"linear"},"showPoints":"auto","spanNulls":false,"stacking":{},"thresholdsStyle":{"mode":"off"}},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"rows/s"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":0},"height":null,"hideTimeOverride":false,"id":51,"interval":"1s","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1000,"maxPerRow":null,"minSpan":null,"options":{"legend":{"calcs":["mean"],"displayMode":"table","placement":"bottom"},"tooltip":{"mode":"single"}},"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[{"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"risedev-prometheus"},"expr":"rate(connector_source_rows_received{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])","format":"time_series","hide":false,"instant":false,"interval":"","intervalFactor":2,"legendFormat":"source={{source_type}} 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@ {{sink_id}}","metric":"","query":"rate(connector_sink_rows_received{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}[$__rate_interval])","refId":"","step":10,"target":""}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Connector Sink Throughput(rows)","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"timeseries"}],"repeat":null,"repeatDirection":null,"span":null,"targets":[],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"Connector Node","transformations":[],"transparent":false,"type":"row"}],"refresh":"10s","rows":[],"schemaVersion":12,"sharedCrosshair":true,"style":"dark","tags":["risingwave"],"templating":{"list":[{"current":{"selected":false,"text":"All","value":"__all"},"definition":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, instance)","description":"Reporting instance of the metric","hide":0,"includeAll":true,"label":"Node","multi":true,"name":"node","options":[],"query":{"query":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, instance)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"},{"current":{"selected":false,"text":"All","value":"__all"},"definition":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","description":"Reporting job of the metric","hide":0,"includeAll":true,"label":"Job","multi":true,"name":"job","options":[],"query":{"query":"label_values(process_cpu_seconds_total, job)","refId":"StandardVariableQuery"},"refresh":2,"regex":"","skipUrlSync":false,"sort":6,"type":"query"}]},"time":{"from":"now-30m","to":"now"},"timepicker":{"hidden":false,"refresh_intervals":["5s","10s","30s","1m","5m","15m","30m","1h","2h","1d"],"time_options":["5m","15m","1h","6h","12h","24h","2d","7d","30d"]},"timezone":"browser","title":"risingwave_dashboard","uid":"Fcy3uV1nz","version":0}
diff --git a/src/compute/Cargo.toml b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
index 93e4e643dcf04..624e901c6b7ae 100644
--- a/src/compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ risingwave_common_heap_profiling = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common_service = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_connector = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_hummock_sdk = { workspace = true }
+risingwave_jni_core = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_pb = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_rpc_client = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_source = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
index 3e8e0fb6c0a47..721b39046572a 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/memory_manager.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
         let mut memory_control_stats = MemoryControlStats {
             jemalloc_allocated_bytes: 0,
             jemalloc_active_bytes: 0,
+            jvm_allocated_bytes: 0,
+            jvm_active_bytes: 0,
             lru_watermark_step: 0,
             lru_watermark_time_ms: Epoch::physical_now(),
             lru_physical_now_ms: Epoch::physical_now(),
@@ -122,6 +124,12 @@ impl GlobalMemoryManager {
                     self.metrics
                         .jemalloc_active_bytes
                         .set(memory_control_stats.jemalloc_active_bytes as i64);
+                    self.metrics
+                        .jvm_allocated_bytes
+                        .set(memory_control_stats.jvm_allocated_bytes as i64);
+                    self.metrics
+                        .jvm_active_bytes
+                        .set(memory_control_stats.jvm_active_bytes as i64);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
index 0323cb2ddc093..b6811935a1e9d 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/mod.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ pub const STORAGE_DEFAULT_HIGH_PRIORITY_BLOCK_CACHE_RATIO: usize = 70;
 pub struct MemoryControlStats {
     pub jemalloc_allocated_bytes: usize,
     pub jemalloc_active_bytes: usize,
+    pub jvm_allocated_bytes: usize,
+    pub jvm_active_bytes: usize,
     pub lru_watermark_step: u64,
     pub lru_watermark_time_ms: u64,
     pub lru_physical_now_ms: u64,
@@ -68,9 +70,9 @@ pub trait MemoryControl: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug {
 }
 
 pub fn build_memory_control_policy(total_memory_bytes: usize) -> MemoryControlRef {
-    use self::policy::JemallocMemoryControl;
+    use self::policy::JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl;
 
-    Box::new(JemallocMemoryControl::new(total_memory_bytes))
+    Box::new(JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl::new(total_memory_bytes))
 }
 
 /// `DummyPolicy` is used for operarting systems other than Linux. It does nothing as memory control
diff --git a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
index 71e85c6149258..1eb5ff9832600 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/memory_management/policy.rs
@@ -17,15 +17,16 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use risingwave_batch::task::BatchManager;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
+use risingwave_jni_core::jvm_runtime::load_jvm_memory_stats;
 use risingwave_stream::task::LocalStreamManager;
 use tikv_jemalloc_ctl::{epoch as jemalloc_epoch, stats as jemalloc_stats};
 
 use super::{MemoryControl, MemoryControlStats};
 
-/// `JemallocMemoryControl` is a memory control policy that uses jemalloc statistics to control. It
-/// assumes that most memory is used by streaming engine and does memory control over LRU watermark
-/// based on jemalloc statistics.
-pub struct JemallocMemoryControl {
+/// `JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl` is a memory control policy that uses jemalloc statistics and
+/// jvm memory statistics and to control. It assumes that most memory is used by streaming engine
+/// and does memory control over LRU watermark based on jemalloc statistics and jvm memory statistics.
+pub struct JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl {
     threshold_stable: usize,
     threshold_graceful: usize,
     threshold_aggressive: usize,
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct JemallocMemoryControl {
     jemalloc_active_mib: jemalloc_stats::active_mib,
 }
 
-impl JemallocMemoryControl {
+impl JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl {
     const THRESHOLD_AGGRESSIVE: f64 = 0.9;
     const THRESHOLD_GRACEFUL: f64 = 0.8;
     const THRESHOLD_STABLE: f64 = 0.7;
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ impl JemallocMemoryControl {
     }
 }
 
-impl std::fmt::Debug for JemallocMemoryControl {
+impl std::fmt::Debug for JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("JemallocMemoryControl")
             .field("threshold_stable", &self.threshold_stable)
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for JemallocMemoryControl {
     }
 }
 
-impl MemoryControl for JemallocMemoryControl {
+impl MemoryControl for JemallocAndJvmMemoryControl {
     fn apply(
         &self,
         interval_ms: u32,
@@ -105,13 +106,15 @@ impl MemoryControl for JemallocMemoryControl {
             prev_memory_stats.jemalloc_active_bytes,
         );
 
+        let (jvm_allocated_bytes, jvm_active_bytes) = load_jvm_memory_stats();
+
         // Streaming memory control
         //
         // We calculate the watermark of the LRU cache, which provides hints for streaming executors
         // on cache eviction. Here we do the calculation based on jemalloc statistics.
 
         let (lru_watermark_step, lru_watermark_time_ms, lru_physical_now) = calculate_lru_watermark(
-            jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
+            jemalloc_allocated_bytes + jvm_allocated_bytes,
             self.threshold_stable,
             self.threshold_graceful,
             self.threshold_aggressive,
@@ -124,6 +127,8 @@ impl MemoryControl for JemallocMemoryControl {
         MemoryControlStats {
             jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
             jemalloc_active_bytes,
+            jvm_allocated_bytes,
+            jvm_active_bytes,
             lru_watermark_step,
             lru_watermark_time_ms,
             lru_physical_now_ms: lru_physical_now,
@@ -141,7 +146,8 @@ fn calculate_lru_watermark(
 ) -> (u64, u64, u64) {
     let mut watermark_time_ms = prev_memory_stats.lru_watermark_time_ms;
     let last_step = prev_memory_stats.lru_watermark_step;
-    let last_used_memory_bytes = prev_memory_stats.jemalloc_allocated_bytes;
+    let last_used_memory_bytes =
+        prev_memory_stats.jemalloc_allocated_bytes + prev_memory_stats.jvm_allocated_bytes;
 
     // The watermark calculation works in the following way:
     //
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
index b694696842746..ad182e734a33a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/remote.rs
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> Sink for RemoteSink<R> {
         }).try_collect()?;
 
         let mut env = JVM
-            .as_ref()
+            .get_or_init()
             .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?
             .attach_current_thread()
             .map_err(|err| SinkError::Internal(err.into()))?;
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ impl<SM, R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteSinkWriterInner<SM, R> {
         };
 
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+            let mut env = JVM.get_or_init().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
 
             let result = env.call_static_method(
                 "com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkWriterHandler",
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ impl<R: RemoteSinkTrait> RemoteCoordinator<R> {
         };
 
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+            let mut env = JVM.get_or_init().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
 
             let result = env.call_static_method(
                 "com/risingwave/connector/JniSinkCoordinatorHandler",
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
index 0b98005b270f4..e88440bc876e1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/enumerator/mod.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ where
             SourceType::from(T::source_type())
         );
 
-        let mut env = JVM.as_ref()?.attach_current_thread()?;
+        let mut env = JVM.get_or_init()?.attach_current_thread()?;
 
         let validate_source_request = ValidateSourceRequest {
             source_id: context.info.source_id as u64,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
index 0c2fb2b3b2684..7410834ce1daa 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/cdc/source/reader.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -121,7 +120,8 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
 
         let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_SIZE);
 
-        LazyLock::force(&JVM).as_ref()?;
+        // Force init, because we don't want to see initialization failure in the following thread.
+        JVM.get_or_init()?;
 
         let get_event_stream_request = GetEventStreamRequest {
             source_id: self.source_id,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl<T: CdcSourceTypeTrait> CommonSplitReader for CdcSplitReader<T> {
         let source_type = get_event_stream_request.source_type.to_string();
 
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut env = JVM.as_ref().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+            let mut env = JVM.get_or_init().unwrap().attach_current_thread().unwrap();
 
             let get_event_stream_request_bytes = env
                 .byte_array_from_slice(&Message::encode_to_vec(&get_event_stream_request))
diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
index 5d93a122ab4a1..e60c17c6ec930 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
@@ -16,86 +16,110 @@ use core::option::Option::Some;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
+use jni::objects::JValueOwned;
 use jni::strings::JNIString;
 use jni::{InitArgsBuilder, JNIVersion, JavaVM, NativeMethod};
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::util::resource_util::memory::system_memory_available_bytes;
 
-pub static JVM: LazyLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let libs_path = if let Ok(libs_path) = std::env::var("CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH") {
-        libs_path
-    } else {
-        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(
-            "environment variable CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH is not specified".to_string(),
-        )
-        .into());
-    };
+/// Use 10% of compute total memory by default. Compute node uses 0.7 * system memory by default.
+const DEFAULT_MEMORY_PROPORTION: f64 = 0.07;
 
-    let dir = Path::new(&libs_path);
+pub static JVM: JavaVmWrapper = JavaVmWrapper::new();
 
-    if !dir.is_dir() {
-        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
-            "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\" is not a directory",
-            libs_path
-        ))
-        .into());
+pub struct JavaVmWrapper(OnceLock<Result<JavaVM, RwError>>);
+
+impl JavaVmWrapper {
+    const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(OnceLock::new())
     }
 
-    let mut class_vec = vec![];
+    pub fn get(&self) -> Option<&Result<JavaVM, RwError>> {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
 
-    if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) {
-        for entry in entries.flatten() {
-            let entry_path = entry.path();
-            if entry_path.file_name().is_some() {
-                let path = std::fs::canonicalize(entry_path)?;
-                class_vec.push(path.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
-            "failed to read CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\"",
-            libs_path
-        ))
-        .into());
+    pub fn get_or_init(&self) -> Result<&JavaVM, &RwError> {
+        self.0.get_or_init(Self::inner_new).as_ref()
     }
 
-    let jvm_heap_size = if let Ok(heap_size) = std::env::var("JVM_HEAP_SIZE") {
-        heap_size
-    } else {
-        // Use 10% of total memory by default
-        // TODO: should use compute-node's total_memory_bytes
-        format!("{}", system_memory_available_bytes() / 10)
-    };
-
-    // Build the VM properties
-    let args_builder = InitArgsBuilder::new()
-        // Pass the JNI API version (default is 8)
-        .version(JNIVersion::V8)
-        .option("-ea")
-        .option("-Dis_embedded_connector=true")
-        .option(format!("-Djava.class.path={}", class_vec.join(":")))
-        .option(format!("-Xmx{}", jvm_heap_size));
-
-    tracing::info!("JVM args: {:?}", args_builder);
-    let jvm_args = args_builder.build().unwrap();
-
-    // Create a new VM
-    let jvm = match JavaVM::new(jvm_args) {
-        Err(err) => {
-            tracing::error!("fail to new JVM {:?}", err);
-            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError("fail to new JVM".to_string()).into());
+    fn inner_new() -> Result<JavaVM, RwError> {
+        let libs_path = if let Ok(libs_path) = std::env::var("CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH") {
+            libs_path
+        } else {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(
+                "environment variable CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH is not specified".to_string(),
+            )
+            .into());
+        };
+
+        let dir = Path::new(&libs_path);
+
+        if !dir.is_dir() {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
+                "CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\" is not a directory",
+                libs_path
+            ))
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let mut class_vec = vec![];
+
+        if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) {
+            for entry in entries.flatten() {
+                let entry_path = entry.path();
+                if entry_path.file_name().is_some() {
+                    let path = std::fs::canonicalize(entry_path)?;
+                    class_vec.push(path.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError(format!(
+                "failed to read CONNECTOR_LIBS_PATH \"{}\"",
+                libs_path
+            ))
+            .into());
         }
-        Ok(jvm) => jvm,
-    };
 
-    tracing::info!("initialize JVM successfully");
+        let jvm_heap_size = if let Ok(heap_size) = std::env::var("JVM_HEAP_SIZE") {
+            heap_size
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "{}",
+                (system_memory_available_bytes() as f64 * DEFAULT_MEMORY_PROPORTION) as usize
+            )
+        };
+
+        // Build the VM properties
+        let args_builder = InitArgsBuilder::new()
+            // Pass the JNI API version (default is 8)
+            .version(JNIVersion::V8)
+            .option("-ea")
+            .option("-Dis_embedded_connector=true")
+            .option(format!("-Djava.class.path={}", class_vec.join(":")))
+            .option("-Xms16m")
+            .option(format!("-Xmx{}", jvm_heap_size));
+
+        tracing::info!("JVM args: {:?}", args_builder);
+        let jvm_args = args_builder.build().unwrap();
+
+        // Create a new VM
+        let jvm = match JavaVM::new(jvm_args) {
+            Err(err) => {
+                tracing::error!("fail to new JVM {:?}", err);
+                return Err(ErrorCode::InternalError("fail to new JVM".to_string()).into());
+            }
+            Ok(jvm) => jvm,
+        };
+
+        tracing::info!("initialize JVM successfully");
 
-    register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm).unwrap();
+        register_native_method_for_jvm(&jvm).unwrap();
 
-    Ok(jvm)
-});
+        Ok(jvm)
+    }
+}
 
 pub fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) -> Result<(), jni::errors::Error> {
     let mut env = jvm
@@ -134,3 +158,44 @@ pub fn register_native_method_for_jvm(jvm: &JavaVM) -> Result<(), jni::errors::E
     tracing::info!("register native methods for jvm successfully");
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Load JVM memory statistics from the runtime. If JVM is not initialized or fail to initialize, return zero.
+pub fn load_jvm_memory_stats() -> (usize, usize) {
+    if let Some(jvm) = JVM.get() {
+        match jvm {
+            Ok(jvm) => {
+                let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread().unwrap();
+                let runtime_instance = env
+                    .call_static_method(
+                        "java/lang/Runtime",
+                        "getRuntime",
+                        "()Ljava/lang/Runtime;",
+                        &[],
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                let runtime_instance = match runtime_instance {
+                    JValueOwned::Object(o) => o,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+
+                let total_memory = env
+                    .call_method(runtime_instance.as_ref(), "totalMemory", "()J", &[])
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .j()
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                let free_memory = env
+                    .call_method(runtime_instance, "freeMemory", "()J", &[])
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .j()
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                (total_memory as usize, (total_memory - free_memory) as usize)
+            }
+            Err(_) => (0, 0),
+        }
+    } else {
+        (0, 0)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
index 459e9cbaa439c..a31727e76639f 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/monitor/streaming_stats.rs
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ pub struct StreamingMetrics {
     pub lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms: GenericGaugeVec<AtomicI64>,
     pub jemalloc_allocated_bytes: IntGauge,
     pub jemalloc_active_bytes: IntGauge,
+    pub jvm_allocated_bytes: IntGauge,
+    pub jvm_active_bytes: IntGauge,
 
     /// User compute error reporting
     pub user_compute_error_count: GenericCounterVec<AtomicU64>,
@@ -865,6 +867,20 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let jvm_allocated_bytes = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
+            "jvm_allocated_bytes",
+            "The allocated jvm memory",
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let jvm_active_bytes = register_int_gauge_with_registry!(
+            "jvm_active_bytes",
+            "The active jvm memory",
+            registry
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
         let user_compute_error_count = register_int_counter_vec_with_registry!(
             "user_compute_error_count",
             "Compute errors in the system, queryable by tags",
@@ -994,6 +1010,8 @@ impl StreamingMetrics {
             lru_evicted_watermark_time_ms,
             jemalloc_allocated_bytes,
             jemalloc_active_bytes,
+            jvm_allocated_bytes,
+            jvm_active_bytes,
             user_compute_error_count,
             user_source_reader_error_count,
             materialize_cache_hit_count,

From 852b4275f0d6ca7e34bc75c0a5244206a3569a2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 19:03:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 394/430] fix: fix table object foreign key in init migration
 (#12978)

---
 src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
index 35d1ab29020e6..a50e3bcba6e69 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Version).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
-                            .name("FK_view_object_id")
+                            .name("FK_table_object_id")
                             .from(Table::Table, Table::TableId)
                             .to(Object::Table, Object::Oid)
                             .on_delete(ForeignKeyAction::Cascade)

From 37d0a79d046e48d7175153d800e53ae465462402 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 19:15:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 395/430] feat: concurrent batch scan (#12825)

Co-authored-by: lmatz <lmatz823@gmail.com>
---
 e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt              | 12 +++----
 .../src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs    | 31 +++++--------------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt b/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
index 4bbb5e1d83885..d1a29b88188cf 100644
--- a/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/streaming/watermark.slt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ sleep 10s
 
 skipif in-memory
 query TI
-select * from mv1;
+select * from mv1 order by 2;
 ----
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 1
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ select * from mv1;
 
 skipif in-memory
 query TI
-select * from mv2;
+select * from mv2 order by 2;
 ----
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 1
-2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
-2023-05-06 16:51:00 3
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 1
-2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
-2023-05-06 16:51:00 3
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 1
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
+2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
+2023-05-06 16:51:00 2
+2023-05-06 16:51:00 3
+2023-05-06 16:51:00 3
 2023-05-06 16:51:00 3
 
 statement ok
diff --git a/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs b/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
index e4eb65b8b9f42..f784c4a5e7ca2 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/table/batch_table/storage_table.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 use std::ops::Bound::{self, Excluded, Included, Unbounded};
 use std::ops::{Index, RangeBounds};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ use crate::row_serde::value_serde::{ValueRowSerde, ValueRowSerdeNew};
 use crate::row_serde::{find_columns_by_ids, ColumnMapping};
 use crate::store::{PrefetchOptions, ReadOptions};
 use crate::table::merge_sort::merge_sort;
-use crate::table::{compute_vnode, Distribution, KeyedRow, TableIter, DEFAULT_VNODE};
+use crate::table::{compute_vnode, Distribution, KeyedRow, TableIter};
 use crate::StateStore;
 
 /// [`StorageTableInner`] is the interface accessing relational data in KV(`StateStore`) with
@@ -418,24 +417,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInner<S, SD> {
             _ => CachePolicy::Fill(CachePriority::High),
         };
 
-        let raw_key_ranges = if !ordered
-            && matches!(encoded_key_range.start_bound(), Unbounded)
-            && matches!(encoded_key_range.end_bound(), Unbounded)
-        {
-            // If the range is unbounded and order is not required, we can create a single iterator
-            // for each continuous vnode range.
-
-            // In this case, the `vnode_hint` must be default for singletons and `None` for
-            // distributed tables.
-            assert_eq!(vnode_hint.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_VNODE), DEFAULT_VNODE);
-
-            Either::Left(self.vnodes.vnode_ranges().map(|r| {
-                let start = Included(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&r.start().to_be_bytes()[..]));
-                let end = end_bound_of_prefix(&r.end().to_be_bytes());
-                assert_matches!(end, Excluded(_) | Unbounded);
-                (start, end)
-            }))
-        } else {
+        let raw_key_ranges = {
             // Vnodes that are set and should be accessed.
             let vnodes = match vnode_hint {
                 // If `vnode_hint` is set, we can only access this single vnode.
@@ -443,9 +425,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInner<S, SD> {
                 // Otherwise, we need to access all vnodes of this table.
                 None => Either::Right(self.vnodes.iter_vnodes()),
             };
-            Either::Right(
-                vnodes.map(|vnode| prefixed_range(encoded_key_range.clone(), &vnode.to_be_bytes())),
-            )
+            vnodes.map(|vnode| prefixed_range(encoded_key_range.clone(), &vnode.to_be_bytes()))
         };
 
         // For each key range, construct an iterator.
@@ -493,7 +473,10 @@ impl<S: StateStore, SD: ValueRowSerde> StorageTableInner<S, SD> {
             0 => unreachable!(),
             1 => iterators.into_iter().next().unwrap(),
             // Concat all iterators if not to preserve order.
-            _ if !ordered => futures::stream::iter(iterators).flatten(),
+            _ if !ordered => {
+                futures::stream::iter(iterators.into_iter().map(Box::pin).collect_vec())
+                    .flatten_unordered(1024)
+            }
             // Merge all iterators if to preserve order.
             _ => merge_sort(iterators.into_iter().map(Box::pin).collect()),
         };

From fa66cbda67c9996821bb4f1d7d03026fada0a712 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 06:48:14 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 396/430] refactor(optimizer): clean up dead code for optimizer
 v2 (#12973)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs             |   1 -
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs |   5 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs   |  78 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs   |   1 -
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   |   3 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs      |   2 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node.rs |  41 -
 .../optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node_v2.rs  | 124 ---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         | 772 +-----------------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs   |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs  |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs  | 630 --------------
 .../plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs      |   1 -
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs    |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs  |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs  |   1 -
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs   |   6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs  |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs |   1 -
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs |   1 -
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs  |   1 -
 .../plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs  |   1 -
 .../plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs         |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs   |   1 -
 .../src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs    |  18 -
 26 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 1602 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node_v2.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
index aaab8ebde3dcd..b4238f57b1f52 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ use self::plan_visitor::{has_batch_exchange, CardinalityVisitor};
 use self::property::{Cardinality, RequiredDist};
 use self::rule::*;
 use crate::catalog::table_catalog::{TableType, TableVersion};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     BatchExchange, PlanNodeType, PlanTreeNode, RewriteExprsRecursive,
 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
index 2ac1e278f7d8b..d62a85095d21c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@
 use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Order;
 
+/// A subtrait of [`GenericPlanRef`] for batch plans.
+///
+/// Due to the lack of refactoring, all plan nodes currently implement this trait
+/// through [`super::PlanBase`]. One may still use this trait as a bound for
+/// expecting a batch plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`].
 pub trait BatchPlanRef: GenericPlanRef {
     fn order(&self) -> &Order;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
index 95bee8413f56f..87c03cc14c8c9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/join.rs
@@ -12,15 +12,20 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use itertools::EitherOrBoth;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use itertools::{EitherOrBoth, Itertools};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
+use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 
 use super::{EqJoinPredicate, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::TableCatalogBuilder;
 use crate::optimizer::property::FunctionalDependencySet;
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, ColIndexMappingRewriteExt, Condition};
+use crate::TableCatalog;
 
 /// [`Join`] combines two relations according to some condition.
 ///
@@ -65,6 +70,75 @@ impl<PlanRef> Join<PlanRef> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Join<PlanRef> {
+    /// Return stream hash join internal table catalog and degree table catalog.
+    pub fn infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
+        input: &PlanRef,
+        join_key_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        dk_indices_in_jk: Vec<usize>,
+    ) -> (TableCatalog, TableCatalog, Vec<usize>) {
+        let schema = input.schema();
+
+        let internal_table_dist_keys = dk_indices_in_jk
+            .iter()
+            .map(|idx| join_key_indices[*idx])
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let degree_table_dist_keys = dk_indices_in_jk.clone();
+
+        // The pk of hash join internal and degree table should be join_key + input_pk.
+        let join_key_len = join_key_indices.len();
+        let mut pk_indices = join_key_indices;
+
+        // dedup the pk in dist key..
+        let mut deduped_input_pk_indices = vec![];
+        for input_pk_idx in input.stream_key().unwrap() {
+            if !pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
+                && !deduped_input_pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
+            {
+                deduped_input_pk_indices.push(*input_pk_idx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        pk_indices.extend(deduped_input_pk_indices.clone());
+
+        // Build internal table
+        let mut internal_table_catalog_builder =
+            TableCatalogBuilder::new(input.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
+        let internal_columns_fields = schema.fields().to_vec();
+
+        internal_columns_fields.iter().for_each(|field| {
+            internal_table_catalog_builder.add_column(field);
+        });
+        pk_indices.iter().for_each(|idx| {
+            internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending())
+        });
+
+        // Build degree table.
+        let mut degree_table_catalog_builder =
+            TableCatalogBuilder::new(input.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
+
+        let degree_column_field = Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "_degree");
+
+        pk_indices.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(order_idx, idx)| {
+            degree_table_catalog_builder.add_column(&internal_columns_fields[*idx]);
+            degree_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(order_idx, OrderType::ascending());
+        });
+        degree_table_catalog_builder.add_column(&degree_column_field);
+        degree_table_catalog_builder
+            .set_value_indices(vec![degree_table_catalog_builder.columns().len() - 1]);
+
+        internal_table_catalog_builder.set_dist_key_in_pk(dk_indices_in_jk.clone());
+        degree_table_catalog_builder.set_dist_key_in_pk(dk_indices_in_jk);
+
+        (
+            internal_table_catalog_builder.build(internal_table_dist_keys, join_key_len),
+            degree_table_catalog_builder.build(degree_table_dist_keys, join_key_len),
+            deduped_input_pk_indices,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 impl<PlanRef: GenericPlanRef> GenericPlanNode for Join<PlanRef> {
     fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
         let left_schema = self.left.schema();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index 0ab848eb29f64..cffe453879bde 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ use crate::expr::{
     WindowFunction,
 };
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     gen_filter_and_pushdown, BatchSortAgg, ColumnPruningContext, LogicalDedup, LogicalProject,
     PredicatePushdownContext, RewriteStreamContext, ToStreamContext,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
index e76a99fd15e21..cfc49a1da3353 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::expr::{CollectInputRef, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, ExprType, InputRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::DynamicFilter;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::IndicesDisplay;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     BatchHashJoin, BatchLookupJoin, BatchNestedLoopJoin, ColumnPruningContext, EqJoinPredicate,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index 0a9e2a5dee517..188787c93b8c0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -617,8 +617,6 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
 }
 
 mod plan_base;
-#[macro_use]
-mod plan_tree_node_v2;
 pub use plan_base::*;
 #[macro_use]
 mod plan_tree_node;
@@ -641,7 +639,6 @@ pub use merge_eq_nodes::*;
 pub mod batch;
 pub mod generic;
 pub mod stream;
-pub mod stream_derive;
 
 pub use generic::{PlanAggCall, PlanAggCallDisplay};
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
index 22e239a7369d5..e9a5bf26885bf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
@@ -85,11 +85,13 @@ impl stream::StreamPlanRef for PlanBase {
         self.emit_on_window_close
     }
 }
+
 impl batch::BatchPlanRef for PlanBase {
     fn order(&self) -> &Order {
         &self.order
     }
 }
+
 impl PlanBase {
     pub fn new_logical(
         ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node.rs
index e1435a6b7b20d..0c46d91f7a566 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node.rs
@@ -109,19 +109,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_for_leaf {
                 self.clone().into()
             }
         }
-
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $leaf_node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[crate::optimizer::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly no input");
-                self.clone()
-            }
-        }
     };
 }
 
@@ -141,20 +128,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary {
                 self.clone_with_input(inputs[0].clone()).into()
             }
         }
-
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $unary_node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[crate::optimizer::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![self.input()]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                let input = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 1 input");
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 1 input");
-                self.clone_with_input(input).into()
-            }
-        }
     };
 }
 
@@ -174,19 +147,5 @@ macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_for_binary {
                     .into()
             }
         }
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $binary_node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[crate::optimizer::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![self.left(), self.right()]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                let left = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-                let right = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 2 input");
-                self.clone_with_left_right(left, right).into()
-            }
-        }
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node_v2.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node_v2.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e598c7dd61caa..0000000000000
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_tree_node_v2.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-
-pub trait PlanTreeNodeV2 {
-    type PlanRef;
-
-    fn inputs(&self) -> SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]>;
-    fn clone_with_inputs(&self, inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self;
-}
-
-macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_leaf_node {
-    ($node_type:ident) => {
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly no input");
-                self.clone()
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node {
-    ($node_type:ident, $input_field:ident) => {
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![self.$input_field.clone()]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                let mut new = self.clone();
-                new.$input_field = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 1 input");
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 1 input");
-                new.clone()
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-// macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_binary_node {
-//     ($node_type:ident, $first_input_field:ident, $second_input_field:ident) => {
-//         impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $node_type {
-//             type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::PlanRef;
-
-//             fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-//                 smallvec::smallvec![
-//                     self.$first_input_field.clone(),
-//                     self.$second_input_field.clone()
-//                 ]
-//             }
-
-//             fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self
-// {                 let mut new = self.clone();
-//                 new.$first_input_field = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-//                 new.$second_input_field = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-//                 assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 2 input");
-//                 new.clone()
-//             }
-//         }
-//     };
-// }
-
-macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating {
-    ($node_type:ident, $core_field:ident, $input_field:ident) => {
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![self.$core_field.$input_field.clone()]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                let mut new = self.clone();
-                new.$core_field.$input_field = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 1 input");
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 1 input");
-                new.clone()
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_binary_node_with_core_delegating {
-    ($node_type:ident, $core_field:ident, $first_input_field:ident, $second_input_field:ident) => {
-        impl crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2 for $node_type {
-            type PlanRef = crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::PlanRef;
-
-            fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-                smallvec::smallvec![
-                    self.$core_field.$first_input_field.clone(),
-                    self.$core_field.$second_input_field.clone()
-                ]
-            }
-
-            fn clone_with_inputs(&self, mut inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-                let mut new = self.clone();
-                new.$core_field.$first_input_field = inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-                new.$core_field.$second_input_field =
-                    inputs.next().expect("expect exactly 2 input");
-                assert!(inputs.next().is_none(), "expect exactly 2 input");
-                new.clone()
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 36b2c77d22aed..2edf997bf91fd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -12,774 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use educe::Educe;
-use generic::PlanAggCall;
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use pb::stream_node as pb_node;
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, Field, Schema};
-use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
-use risingwave_connector::sink::catalog::desc::SinkDesc;
-use risingwave_pb::stream_plan as pb;
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-
-use super::generic::{GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
-use super::utils::TableCatalogBuilder;
-use super::{generic, EqJoinPredicate, PlanNodeId};
-use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl};
-use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node_v2::PlanTreeNodeV2;
-use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, FunctionalDependencySet};
-use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
-use crate::TableCatalog;
-
-macro_rules! impl_node {
-($base:ident, $($t:ident),*) => {
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-    pub enum Node {
-        $($t(Box<$t>),)*
-    }
-    pub type PlanOwned = ($base, Node);
-    pub type PlanRef = std::rc::Rc<PlanOwned>;
-    $(
-    impl From<$t> for PlanRef {
-        fn from(o: $t) -> PlanRef {
-            std::rc::Rc::new((o.to_stream_base(),  Node::$t(Box::new(o))))
-        }
-    }
-    )*
-    impl PlanTreeNodeV2 for PlanRef {
-        type PlanRef = PlanRef;
-
-        fn inputs(&self) -> SmallVec<[Self::PlanRef; 2]> {
-            match &self.1 {
-                $(Node::$t(inner) => inner.inputs(),)*
-            }
-        }
-        fn clone_with_inputs(&self, inputs: impl Iterator<Item = Self::PlanRef>) -> Self {
-            match &self.1 {
-                $(Node::$t(inner) => inner.clone_with_inputs(inputs).into(),)*
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-};
-}
-
-pub trait StreamPlanNode: GenericPlanNode {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution;
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool;
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool;
-    fn to_stream_base(&self) -> PlanBase {
-        let ctx = self.ctx();
-        PlanBase {
-            id: ctx.next_plan_node_id(),
-            ctx,
-            schema: self.schema(),
-            stream_key: self.stream_key(),
-            dist: self.distribution(),
-            append_only: self.append_only(),
-            emit_on_window_close: self.emit_on_window_close(),
-        }
-    }
-}
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
 
+/// A subtrait of [`GenericPlanRef`] for stream plans.
+///
+/// Due to the lack of refactoring, all plan nodes currently implement this trait
+/// through [`super::PlanBase`]. One may still use this trait as a bound for
+/// expecting a stream plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`].
 pub trait StreamPlanRef: GenericPlanRef {
     fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution;
     fn append_only(&self) -> bool;
     fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool;
 }
-
-impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
-    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        &self.0.schema
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
-        self.0.stream_key.as_deref()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.0.ctx.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.0.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
-    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        &self.schema
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
-        self.stream_key.as_deref()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.ctx.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanRef for PlanBase {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-        &self.dist
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.append_only
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.emit_on_window_close
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanRef for PlanRef {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-        &self.0.dist
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.append_only
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.emit_on_window_close
-    }
-}
-
-/// Implements [`generic::Join`] with delta join. It requires its two
-/// inputs to be indexes.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct DeltaJoin {
-    pub core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
-
-    /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
-    /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
-    pub eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_binary_node_with_core_delegating!(DeltaJoin, core, left, right);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct DynamicFilter {
-    pub core: generic::DynamicFilter<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_binary_node_with_core_delegating!(
-    DynamicFilter,
-    core,
-    left,
-    right
-);
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Exchange {
-    pub dist: Distribution,
-    pub input: PlanRef,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node!(Exchange, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Expand {
-    pub core: generic::Expand<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(Expand, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Filter {
-    pub core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(Filter, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct SimpleAgg {
-    pub core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
-    /// The index of `count(*)` in `agg_calls`.
-    row_count_idx: usize,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(SimpleAgg, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct GroupTopN {
-    pub core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
-    /// an optional column index which is the vnode of each row computed by the input's consistent
-    /// hash distribution
-    pub vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(GroupTopN, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct HashAgg {
-    pub core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
-    /// An optional column index which is the vnode of each row computed by the input's consistent
-    /// hash distribution.
-    vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
-    /// The index of `count(*)` in `agg_calls`.
-    row_count_idx: usize,
-    /// Whether to emit output only when the window is closed by watermark.
-    emit_on_window_close: bool,
-    /// The watermark column that Emit-On-Window-Close behavior is based on.
-    window_col_idx: Option<usize>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(HashAgg, core, input);
-
-/// Implements [`generic::Join`] with hash table. It builds a hash table
-/// from inner (right-side) relation and probes with data from outer (left-side) relation to
-/// get output rows.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct HashJoin {
-    pub core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
-
-    /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
-    /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
-    pub eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate,
-
-    /// Whether can optimize for append-only stream.
-    /// It is true if input of both side is append-only
-    pub is_append_only: bool,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_binary_node_with_core_delegating!(HashJoin, core, left, right);
-
-impl HashJoin {
-    /// Return hash join internal table catalog and degree table catalog.
-    pub fn infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
-        input: &impl StreamPlanRef,
-        join_key_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        dk_indices_in_jk: Vec<usize>,
-    ) -> (TableCatalog, TableCatalog, Vec<usize>) {
-        let schema = input.schema();
-
-        let internal_table_dist_keys = dk_indices_in_jk
-            .iter()
-            .map(|idx| join_key_indices[*idx])
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        let degree_table_dist_keys = dk_indices_in_jk.clone();
-
-        // The pk of hash join internal and degree table should be join_key + input_pk.
-        let join_key_len = join_key_indices.len();
-        let mut pk_indices = join_key_indices;
-
-        // dedup the pk in dist key..
-        let mut deduped_input_pk_indices = vec![];
-        for input_pk_idx in input.stream_key().unwrap() {
-            if !pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
-                && !deduped_input_pk_indices.contains(input_pk_idx)
-            {
-                deduped_input_pk_indices.push(*input_pk_idx);
-            }
-        }
-
-        pk_indices.extend(deduped_input_pk_indices.clone());
-
-        // Build internal table
-        let mut internal_table_catalog_builder =
-            TableCatalogBuilder::new(input.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
-        let internal_columns_fields = schema.fields().to_vec();
-
-        internal_columns_fields.iter().for_each(|field| {
-            internal_table_catalog_builder.add_column(field);
-        });
-        pk_indices.iter().for_each(|idx| {
-            internal_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending())
-        });
-
-        // Build degree table.
-        let mut degree_table_catalog_builder =
-            TableCatalogBuilder::new(input.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
-
-        let degree_column_field = Field::with_name(DataType::Int64, "_degree");
-
-        pk_indices.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(order_idx, idx)| {
-            degree_table_catalog_builder.add_column(&internal_columns_fields[*idx]);
-            degree_table_catalog_builder.add_order_column(order_idx, OrderType::ascending());
-        });
-        degree_table_catalog_builder.add_column(&degree_column_field);
-        degree_table_catalog_builder
-            .set_value_indices(vec![degree_table_catalog_builder.columns().len() - 1]);
-
-        internal_table_catalog_builder.set_dist_key_in_pk(dk_indices_in_jk.clone());
-        degree_table_catalog_builder.set_dist_key_in_pk(dk_indices_in_jk);
-
-        (
-            internal_table_catalog_builder.build(internal_table_dist_keys, join_key_len),
-            degree_table_catalog_builder.build(degree_table_dist_keys, join_key_len),
-            deduped_input_pk_indices,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct HopWindow {
-    pub core: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
-    window_start_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
-    window_end_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(HopWindow, core, input);
-
-/// [`IndexScan`] is a virtual plan node to represent a stream table scan. It will be converted
-/// to chain + merge node (for upstream materialize) + batch table scan when converting to `MView`
-/// creation request. Compared with [`TableScan`], it will reorder columns, and the chain node
-/// doesn't allow rearrange.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct IndexScan {
-    pub core: generic::Scan,
-    pub batch_plan_id: PlanNodeId,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_leaf_node!(IndexScan);
-
-/// Stateless simple agg.
-///
-/// Should only be used for stateless agg, including `sum`, `count` and *append-only* `min`/`max`.
-///
-/// The output of `StatelessSimpleAgg` doesn't have pk columns, so the result can only be used by
-/// `SimpleAgg` with `ManagedValueState`s.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct StatelessSimpleAgg {
-    pub core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(StatelessSimpleAgg, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Materialize {
-    /// Child of Materialize plan
-    pub input: PlanRef,
-    pub table: TableCatalog,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node!(Materialize, input);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct ProjectSet {
-    pub core: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(ProjectSet, core, input);
-
-/// `Project` implements [`super::LogicalProject`] to evaluate specified expressions on input
-/// rows.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Project {
-    pub core: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
-    watermark_derivations: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
-    merge_chunk: bool,
-    nondecreasing_exprs: Vec<usize>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(Project, core, input);
-
-/// [`Sink`] represents a table/connector sink at the very end of the graph.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Sink {
-    pub input: PlanRef,
-    pub sink_desc: SinkDesc,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node!(Sink, input);
-/// [`Source`] represents a table/connector source at the very beginning of the graph.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Source {
-    pub core: generic::Source,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_leaf_node!(Source);
-
-/// `TableScan` is a virtual plan node to represent a stream table scan. It will be converted
-/// to chain + merge node (for upstream materialize) + batch table scan when converting to `MView`
-/// creation request.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct TableScan {
-    pub core: generic::Scan,
-    pub batch_plan_id: PlanNodeId,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_leaf_node!(TableScan);
-
-/// `TopN` implements [`super::LogicalTopN`] to find the top N elements with a heap
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct TopN {
-    pub core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
-}
-impl_plan_tree_node_v2_for_stream_unary_node_with_core_delegating!(TopN, core, input);
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Educe)]
-#[educe(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct PlanBase {
-    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
-    #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
-    pub id: PlanNodeId,
-    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
-    #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
-    pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
-    pub schema: Schema,
-    pub stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
-    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
-    #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
-    pub dist: Distribution,
-    pub append_only: bool,
-    pub emit_on_window_close: bool,
-}
-
-impl_node!(
-    PlanBase,
-    Exchange,
-    DynamicFilter,
-    DeltaJoin,
-    Expand,
-    Filter,
-    SimpleAgg,
-    GroupTopN,
-    HashAgg,
-    HashJoin,
-    HopWindow,
-    IndexScan,
-    StatelessSimpleAgg,
-    Materialize,
-    ProjectSet,
-    Project,
-    Sink,
-    Source,
-    TableScan,
-    TopN
-);
-
-use pb_node::PbNodeBody;
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn to_stream_prost_body(
-    (base, core): &PlanOwned,
-    state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState,
-) -> PbNodeBody {
-    use pb::*;
-    match core {
-        Node::TableScan(_) => todo!(),
-        Node::IndexScan(_) => todo!(),
-        // ^ need standalone implementations
-        Node::Exchange(_) => PbNodeBody::Exchange(ExchangeNode {
-            strategy: Some(DispatchStrategy {
-                r#type: match &base.dist {
-                    Distribution::HashShard(_) => DispatcherType::Hash,
-                    Distribution::Single => DispatcherType::Simple,
-                    Distribution::Broadcast => DispatcherType::Broadcast,
-                    _ => panic!("Do not allow Any or AnyShard in serialization process"),
-                } as i32,
-                dist_key_indices: match &base.dist {
-                    Distribution::HashShard(keys) => keys.iter().map(|&num| num as u32).collect(),
-                    _ => vec![],
-                },
-                output_indices: (0..base.schema().len() as u32).collect(),
-            }),
-        }),
-        Node::DynamicFilter(me) => {
-            use generic::dynamic_filter::*;
-            let me = &me.core;
-            let condition = me
-                .predicate()
-                .as_expr_unless_true()
-                .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto());
-            let left_table = infer_left_internal_table_catalog(base, me.left_index())
-                .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
-            let right_table = infer_right_internal_table_catalog(&me.right().0)
-                .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
-            PbNodeBody::DynamicFilter(DynamicFilterNode {
-                left_key: me.left_index() as u32,
-                condition,
-                left_table: Some(left_table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-                right_table: Some(right_table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::DeltaJoin(me) => {
-            let (_, left_node) = &*me.core.left;
-            let (_, right_node) = &*me.core.right;
-            fn cast(node: &Node) -> &IndexScan {
-                match node {
-                    Node::IndexScan(scan) => scan,
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-            }
-            let left_table = cast(left_node);
-            let right_table = cast(right_node);
-            let left_table_desc = &*left_table.core.table_desc;
-            let right_table_desc = &*right_table.core.table_desc;
-
-            // TODO: add a separate delta join node in proto, or move fragmenter to frontend so that
-            // we don't need an intermediate representation.
-            PbNodeBody::DeltaIndexJoin(DeltaIndexJoinNode {
-                join_type: me.core.join_type as i32,
-                left_key: me
-                    .eq_join_predicate
-                    .left_eq_indexes()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|v| *v as i32)
-                    .collect(),
-                right_key: me
-                    .eq_join_predicate
-                    .right_eq_indexes()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|v| *v as i32)
-                    .collect(),
-                condition: me
-                    .eq_join_predicate
-                    .other_cond()
-                    .as_expr_unless_true()
-                    .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()),
-                left_table_id: left_table_desc.table_id.table_id(),
-                right_table_id: right_table_desc.table_id.table_id(),
-                left_info: Some(ArrangementInfo {
-                    arrange_key_orders: left_table_desc.arrange_key_orders_protobuf(),
-                    column_descs: left_table
-                        .core
-                        .column_descs()
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(ColumnDesc::to_protobuf)
-                        .collect(),
-                    table_desc: Some(left_table_desc.to_protobuf()),
-                }),
-                right_info: Some(ArrangementInfo {
-                    arrange_key_orders: right_table_desc.arrange_key_orders_protobuf(),
-                    column_descs: right_table
-                        .core
-                        .column_descs()
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(ColumnDesc::to_protobuf)
-                        .collect(),
-                    table_desc: Some(right_table_desc.to_protobuf()),
-                }),
-                output_indices: me.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::Expand(me) => {
-            use pb::expand_node::Subset;
-
-            let me = &me.core;
-            PbNodeBody::Expand(ExpandNode {
-                column_subsets: me
-                    .column_subsets
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|subset| {
-                        let column_indices = subset.iter().map(|&key| key as u32).collect();
-                        Subset { column_indices }
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::Filter(me) => {
-            let me = &me.core;
-            PbNodeBody::Filter(FilterNode {
-                search_condition: Some(ExprImpl::from(me.predicate.clone()).to_expr_proto()),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::SimpleAgg(me) => {
-            let intermediate_state_table = me.core.infer_intermediate_state_table(base, None, None);
-            let agg_states = me.core.infer_stream_agg_state(base, None, None);
-            let distinct_dedup_tables = me.core.infer_distinct_dedup_tables(base, None, None);
-
-            PbNodeBody::SimpleAgg(SimpleAggNode {
-                agg_calls: me
-                    .core
-                    .agg_calls
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(PlanAggCall::to_protobuf)
-                    .collect(),
-                row_count_index: me.row_count_idx as u32,
-                distribution_key: base
-                    .dist
-                    .dist_column_indices()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&idx| idx as u32)
-                    .collect(),
-                is_append_only: me.core.input.0.append_only,
-                agg_call_states: agg_states
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
-                    .collect(),
-                intermediate_state_table: Some(
-                    intermediate_state_table
-                        .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
-                        .to_internal_table_prost(),
-                ),
-                distinct_dedup_tables: distinct_dedup_tables
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(key_idx, table)| (key_idx as u32, table.to_internal_table_prost()))
-                    .collect(),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::GroupTopN(me) => {
-            let input = &me.core.input.0;
-            let table = me
-                .core
-                .infer_internal_table_catalog(
-                    input.schema(),
-                    input.ctx(),
-                    input.stream_key().unwrap(),
-                    me.vnode_col_idx,
-                )
-                .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped());
-            let group_topn_node = GroupTopNNode {
-                limit: me.core.limit_attr.limit(),
-                offset: me.core.offset,
-                with_ties: me.core.limit_attr.with_ties(),
-                group_key: me.core.group_key.iter().map(|idx| *idx as u32).collect(),
-                table: Some(table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-                order_by: me.core.order.to_protobuf(),
-            };
-
-            PbNodeBody::GroupTopN(group_topn_node)
-        }
-        Node::HashAgg(me) => {
-            let intermediate_state_table =
-                me.core
-                    .infer_intermediate_state_table(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
-            let agg_states =
-                me.core
-                    .infer_stream_agg_state(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
-            let distinct_dedup_tables =
-                me.core
-                    .infer_distinct_dedup_tables(base, me.vnode_col_idx, me.window_col_idx);
-
-            PbNodeBody::HashAgg(HashAggNode {
-                group_key: me.core.group_key.indices().map(|idx| idx as u32).collect(),
-                agg_calls: me
-                    .core
-                    .agg_calls
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(PlanAggCall::to_protobuf)
-                    .collect(),
-                row_count_index: me.row_count_idx as u32,
-                is_append_only: me.core.input.0.append_only,
-                agg_call_states: agg_states
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|s| s.into_prost(state))
-                    .collect(),
-                intermediate_state_table: Some(
-                    intermediate_state_table
-                        .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
-                        .to_internal_table_prost(),
-                ),
-                distinct_dedup_tables: distinct_dedup_tables
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(key_idx, table)| (key_idx as u32, table.to_internal_table_prost()))
-                    .collect(),
-                emit_on_window_close: me.emit_on_window_close(),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::HashJoin(_) => {
-            unreachable!();
-        }
-        Node::HopWindow(me) => {
-            let window_start_exprs = me
-                .window_start_exprs
-                .clone()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto())
-                .collect();
-            let window_end_exprs = me
-                .window_end_exprs
-                .clone()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto())
-                .collect();
-            let me = &me.core;
-            PbNodeBody::HopWindow(HopWindowNode {
-                time_col: me.time_col.index() as _,
-                window_slide: Some(me.window_slide.into()),
-                window_size: Some(me.window_size.into()),
-                output_indices: me.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
-                window_start_exprs,
-                window_end_exprs,
-            })
-        }
-        Node::StatelessSimpleAgg(me) => {
-            let me = &me.core;
-            PbNodeBody::StatelessSimpleAgg(SimpleAggNode {
-                agg_calls: me.agg_calls.iter().map(PlanAggCall::to_protobuf).collect(),
-                row_count_index: u32::MAX, // this is not used
-                distribution_key: base
-                    .dist
-                    .dist_column_indices()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&idx| idx as u32)
-                    .collect(),
-                agg_call_states: vec![],
-                intermediate_state_table: None,
-                is_append_only: me.input.0.append_only,
-                distinct_dedup_tables: Default::default(),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::Materialize(me) => {
-            PbNodeBody::Materialize(MaterializeNode {
-                // We don't need table id for materialize node in frontend. The id will be generated
-                // on meta catalog service.
-                table_id: 0,
-                column_orders: me.table.pk().iter().map(ColumnOrder::to_protobuf).collect(),
-                table: Some(me.table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-            })
-        }
-        Node::ProjectSet(_) => {
-            unreachable!()
-        }
-        Node::Project(me) => PbNodeBody::Project(ProjectNode {
-            select_list: me.core.exprs.iter().map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()).collect(),
-            watermark_input_cols: me
-                .watermark_derivations
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(x, _)| *x as u32)
-                .collect(),
-            watermark_output_cols: me
-                .watermark_derivations
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(_, y)| *y as u32)
-                .collect(),
-            nondecreasing_exprs: me.nondecreasing_exprs.iter().map(|i| *i as u32).collect(),
-        }),
-        Node::Sink(me) => PbNodeBody::Sink(SinkNode {
-            sink_desc: Some(me.sink_desc.to_proto()),
-            table: None, // TODO: Refactor sink to have a generic core.
-            log_store_type: SinkLogStoreType::InMemoryLogStore as i32,
-        }),
-        Node::Source(me) => {
-            // TODO(kwannoel): Is branch used, seems to be a duplicate of stream_source?
-            let rate_limit = me.ctx().session_ctx().config().get_streaming_rate_limit();
-            let me = &me.core.catalog;
-            let source_inner = me.as_ref().map(|me| StreamSource {
-                source_id: me.id,
-                source_name: me.name.clone(),
-                state_table: Some(
-                    generic::Source::infer_internal_table_catalog()
-                        .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
-                        .to_internal_table_prost(),
-                ),
-                info: Some(me.info.clone()),
-                row_id_index: me.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
-                columns: me.columns.iter().map(|c| c.to_protobuf()).collect(),
-                properties: me.properties.clone().into_iter().collect(),
-                rate_limit,
-            });
-            PbNodeBody::Source(SourceNode { source_inner })
-        }
-        Node::TopN(me) => {
-            let input = &me.core.input.0;
-            let me = &me.core;
-            let topn_node = TopNNode {
-                limit: me.limit_attr.limit(),
-                offset: me.offset,
-                with_ties: me.limit_attr.with_ties(),
-                table: Some(
-                    me.infer_internal_table_catalog(
-                        input.schema(),
-                        input.ctx(),
-                        input
-                            .stream_key()
-                            .expect("should always have a stream key in the stream plan but not"),
-                        None,
-                    )
-                    .with_id(state.gen_table_id_wrapped())
-                    .to_internal_table_prost(),
-                ),
-                order_by: me.order.to_protobuf(),
-            };
-            if me.input.0.append_only {
-                PbNodeBody::AppendOnlyTopN(topn_node)
-            } else {
-                PbNodeBody::TopN(topn_node)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
index 44acf722eae6b..847616629355e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::DedupNode;
 
 use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{impl_distill_by_unit, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::PlanRef;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 use crate::TableCatalog;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
index ede1ae68b0825..580c3563bfa09 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use super::generic::{self};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::IndicesDisplay;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{EqJoinPredicate, EqJoinPredicateDisplay};
 use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f3da2b1b6a1dd..0000000000000
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_derive.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,630 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
-
-use super::generic::GenericPlanNode;
-use super::stream::*;
-use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
-use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, FunctionalDependencySet};
-use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for DynamicFilter {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-}
-impl StreamPlanNode for DynamicFilter {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Exchange {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Exchange {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for DeltaJoin {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for DeltaJoin {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Expand {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Expand {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Filter {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Filter {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        self.core.input.distribution().clone()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.core.input.append_only()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for SimpleAgg {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for SimpleAgg {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for GroupTopN {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for GroupTopN {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for HashAgg {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for HashAgg {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for HashJoin {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for HashJoin {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for HopWindow {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for HopWindow {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for IndexScan {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for IndexScan {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for StatelessSimpleAgg {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for StatelessSimpleAgg {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Materialize {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Materialize {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for ProjectSet {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for ProjectSet {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Project {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Project {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        self.core
-            .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_distribution(self.core.input.distribution())
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.core.input.append_only()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.core.input.emit_on_window_close()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Sink {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        todo!("new plan node derivation")
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Sink {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for Source {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for Source {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for TableScan {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for TableScan {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl GenericPlanNode for TopN {
-    fn schema(&self) -> Schema {
-        self.core.schema()
-    }
-
-    fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
-        self.core.stream_key()
-    }
-
-    fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.core.ctx()
-    }
-
-    fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet {
-        self.core.functional_dependency()
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamPlanNode for TopN {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> Distribution {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        todo!()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
index 427c0de4c89c1..797091338915e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use super::generic::{self, PlanWindowFunction};
 use super::utils::{impl_distill_by_unit, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 use crate::TableCatalog;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
index 45bcccff7a6cf..0fa1713bf4488 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{DispatchStrategy, DispatcherType, ExchangeNode};
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, DistributionDisplay};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
index 619bc98fc6406..c7a59b1f847fe 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::expand_node::Subset;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ExpandNode;
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
index 285a8086f5c81..ed4d506b47aef 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::FilterNode;
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
index ea0925cf33bb7..989de9f8757e2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{DeltaExpression, HashJoinNode, PbInequalityPair};
 
+use super::generic::Join;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamDeltaJoin, StreamNode,
@@ -366,15 +367,14 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamHashJoin {
 
         let dk_indices_in_jk = self.derive_dist_key_in_join_key();
 
-        use super::stream::HashJoin;
         let (left_table, left_degree_table, left_deduped_input_pk_indices) =
-            HashJoin::infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
+            Join::infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
                 self.left().plan_base(),
                 left_jk_indices,
                 dk_indices_in_jk.clone(),
             );
         let (right_table, right_degree_table, right_deduped_input_pk_indices) =
-            HashJoin::infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
+            Join::infer_internal_and_degree_table_catalog(
                 self.right().plan_base(),
                 right_jk_indices,
                 dk_indices_in_jk,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
index ec18ee2588770..3780a6cda3f57 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::HopWindowNode;
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
index 3a159a957af47..8e1b30eaafad2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ProjectNode;
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{try_derive_watermark, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, WatermarkDerivation};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
index 619fec1f80d15..97c4b70433cb1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ProjectSetNode;
 
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{try_derive_watermark, ExprRewriter, WatermarkDerivation};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
index c85bd10dc1632..083cb877cd4d6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_row_id_gen.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 639b6c5782bb5..296c58944fac0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use super::generic::{self, PlanAggCall};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::RequiredDist;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
index f9fb325b8af8b..eb883103fe511 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::plan_tree_node::PlanTreeNodeUnary;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::IndicesDisplay;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     EqJoinPredicate, EqJoinPredicateDisplay, StreamExchange, StreamTableScan,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
index 74e8dbcf5c48e..1d259115b5ced 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::UnionNode;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{PlanBase, PlanTreeNode, StreamNode};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
index c4b09bd910c5f..4fcaf959eac87 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::ExchangeInfo;
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
 use crate::catalog::catalog_service::CatalogReader;
 use crate::catalog::FragmentId;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Order;
 use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
 use crate::scheduler::worker_node_manager::WorkerNodeSelector;
@@ -314,23 +313,6 @@ impl RequiredDist {
         }
     }
 
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn enforce_stream_if_not_satisfies(
-        &self,
-        plan: stream::PlanRef,
-    ) -> Result<stream::PlanRef> {
-        if !plan.distribution().satisfies(self) {
-            // FIXME(st1page);
-            Ok(stream::Exchange {
-                dist: self.to_dist(),
-                input: plan,
-            }
-            .into())
-        } else {
-            Ok(plan)
-        }
-    }
-
     /// check if the distribution satisfies other required distribution
     pub fn satisfies(&self, required: &RequiredDist) -> bool {
         match self {

From ccef1c58d650141f8b7e7821df32070cb4ab4a7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2023 15:19:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 397/430] feat(sink): enable kafka sink with `format plain
 encode protobuf` (#12858)

---
 ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh           |  7 ++
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml               |  2 +-
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt            | 97 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                    |  1 +
 src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs             | 21 +++++
 src/connector/src/schema/protobuf.rs        | 57 ++++++++++++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs     | 48 +++++++---
 src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs             | 12 ++-
 src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs           | 12 ++-
 src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs            | 12 ++-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs     |  2 +-
 12 files changed, 256 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/schema/protobuf.rs

diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
index 1e01903ec2042..06ef185f46e8b 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
@@ -131,3 +131,10 @@ sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt'
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
 ./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+# test different encoding
+echo "testing protobuf"
+cp src/connector/src/test_data/proto_recursive/recursive.pb ./proto-recursive
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt'
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 364455d045668..ee74834dd5163 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 15
+    timeout_in_minutes: 17
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end test (parallel)"
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f69c4a9d07110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+statement ok
+create table from_kafka with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+format plain encode protobuf (
+  schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
+  message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
+
+statement ok
+create table into_kafka (
+  bool_field bool,
+  string_field varchar,
+  bytes_field bytea,
+  float_field real,
+  double_field double precision,
+  int32_field int,
+  int64_field bigint,
+  sint32_field int,
+  sint64_field bigint,
+  sfixed32_field int,
+  sfixed64_field bigint,
+  nested_message_field struct<id int, name varchar>,
+  repeated_int_field int[],
+  timestamp_field timestamptz,
+  oneof_int32 int);
+
+statement ok
+insert into into_kafka values
+  (true, 'Rising', 'a0', 3.5, 4.25, 22, 23, 24, null, 26, 27, row(1, ''), array[4, 0, 4], '2006-01-02 15:04:05-07:00', 42),
+  (false, 'Wave', 'ZDF', 1.5, null, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, row(4, 'foo'), null, null, null);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+statement ok
+create sink sink0 from into_kafka with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+format plain encode protobuf (
+  force_append_only = true,
+  schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
+  message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
+
+sleep 2s
+
+query TTTRRIIIIIITTTI
+select
+  bool_field,
+  string_field,
+  bytes_field,
+  float_field,
+  double_field,
+  int32_field,
+  int64_field,
+  sint32_field,
+  sint64_field,
+  sfixed32_field,
+  sfixed64_field,
+  nested_message_field,
+  repeated_int_field,
+  timestamp_field,
+  oneof_int32 from from_kafka;
+----
+t Rising \x6130   3.5 4.25 22 23 24  0 26 27 (1,)    {4,0,4} (1136239445,0) 42
+f Wave   \x5a4446 1.5 0    11 12 13 14 15 16 (4,foo) {}               (0,0)  0
+
+statement error failed to read file
+create sink sink_err from into_kafka with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+format plain encode protobuf (
+  force_append_only = true,
+  schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursiv',
+  message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
+
+statement error encode extra_column error: field not in proto
+create sink sink_err as select 1 as extra_column with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+format plain encode protobuf (
+  force_append_only = true,
+  schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
+  message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
+
+statement error s3 URL not supported yet
+create sink sink_err from into_kafka with (
+  connector = 'kafka',
+  topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
+  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+format plain encode protobuf (
+  force_append_only = true,
+  schema.location = 's3:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
+  message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 8201e10731a28..8ccf62486ce65 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub mod error;
 mod macros;
 
 pub mod parser;
+pub mod schema;
 pub mod sink;
 pub mod source;
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
index b07a7b214d2c9..cc8dc0734bdfe 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl ProtobufAccessBuilder {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ProtobufParserConfig {
     confluent_wire_type: bool,
-    message_descriptor: MessageDescriptor,
+    pub(crate) message_descriptor: MessageDescriptor,
 }
 
 impl ProtobufParserConfig {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fff2576389cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod protobuf;
+
+const MESSAGE_NAME_KEY: &str = "message";
+const SCHEMA_LOCATION_KEY: &str = "schema.location";
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SchemaFetchError(pub String);
diff --git a/src/connector/src/schema/protobuf.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/protobuf.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d312f3d0d73eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/schema/protobuf.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use prost_reflect::MessageDescriptor;
+
+use super::{SchemaFetchError, MESSAGE_NAME_KEY, SCHEMA_LOCATION_KEY};
+use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
+use crate::parser::{EncodingProperties, ProtobufParserConfig, ProtobufProperties};
+
+/// `aws_auth_props` is only required when reading `s3://` URL.
+pub async fn fetch_descriptor(
+    format_options: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    aws_auth_props: Option<&AwsAuthProps>,
+) -> Result<MessageDescriptor, SchemaFetchError> {
+    let row_schema_location = format_options
+        .get(SCHEMA_LOCATION_KEY)
+        .ok_or_else(|| SchemaFetchError(format!("{SCHEMA_LOCATION_KEY} required")))?
+        .clone();
+    let message_name = format_options
+        .get(MESSAGE_NAME_KEY)
+        .ok_or_else(|| SchemaFetchError(format!("{MESSAGE_NAME_KEY} required")))?
+        .clone();
+
+    if row_schema_location.starts_with("s3") && aws_auth_props.is_none() {
+        return Err(SchemaFetchError("s3 URL not supported yet".into()));
+    }
+
+    let enc = EncodingProperties::Protobuf(ProtobufProperties {
+        use_schema_registry: false,
+        row_schema_location,
+        message_name,
+        aws_auth_props: aws_auth_props.cloned(),
+        // name_strategy, topic, key_message_name, enable_upsert, client_config
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    // Ideally, we should extract the schema loading logic from source parser to this place,
+    // and call this in both source and sink.
+    // But right now this function calls into source parser for its schema loading functionality.
+    // This reversed dependency will be fixed when we support schema registry.
+    let conf = ProtobufParserConfig::new(enc)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| SchemaFetchError(e.to_string()))?;
+    Ok(conf.message_descriptor)
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 44c8ed6f3ea29..5a1c7379795d5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
 use super::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::encoder::KafkaConnectParams;
-use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
+use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, ProtoEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
 /// for example append-only, upsert or debezium.
@@ -61,27 +61,28 @@ macro_rules! tri {
     };
 }
 
-#[expect(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
 pub enum SinkFormatterImpl {
     AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter<JsonEncoder, JsonEncoder>),
+    AppendOnlyProto(AppendOnlyFormatter<JsonEncoder, ProtoEncoder>),
     UpsertJson(UpsertFormatter<JsonEncoder, JsonEncoder>),
     DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter),
 }
 
 impl SinkFormatterImpl {
-    pub fn new(
+    pub async fn new(
         format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
         schema: Schema,
         pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
         db_name: String,
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        if format_desc.encode != SinkEncode::Json {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "sink encode unsupported: {:?}",
+        let err_unsupported = || {
+            Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "sink format/encode unsupported: {:?} {:?}",
+                format_desc.format,
                 format_desc.encode,
-            )));
-        }
+            )))
+        };
 
         match format_desc.format {
             SinkFormat::AppendOnly => {
@@ -92,12 +93,32 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                         TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
                     )
                 });
-                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
-                let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-                Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(formatter))
+                match format_desc.encode {
+                    SinkEncode::Json => {
+                        let val_encoder =
+                            JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
+                        let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+                        Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(formatter))
+                    }
+                    SinkEncode::Protobuf => {
+                        // By passing `None` as `aws_auth_props`, reading from `s3://` not supported yet.
+                        let descriptor =
+                            crate::schema::protobuf::fetch_descriptor(&format_desc.options, None)
+                                .await
+                                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("{e:?}")))?;
+                        let val_encoder = ProtoEncoder::new(schema, None, descriptor)?;
+                        let formatter = AppendOnlyFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+                        Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyProto(formatter))
+                    }
+                    SinkEncode::Avro => err_unsupported(),
+                }
             }
             SinkFormat::Debezium => {
+                if format_desc.encode != SinkEncode::Json {
+                    return err_unsupported();
+                }
+
                 Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter::new(
                     schema,
                     pk_indices,
@@ -107,6 +128,10 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                 )))
             }
             SinkFormat::Upsert => {
+                if format_desc.encode != SinkEncode::Json {
+                    return err_unsupported();
+                }
+
                 let mut key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
                     schema.clone(),
                     Some(pk_indices),
@@ -146,6 +171,7 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_sink_formatter_impl {
     ($impl:expr, $name:ident, $body:expr) => {
         match $impl {
             SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson($name) => $body,
+            SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyProto($name) => $body,
             SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson($name) => $body,
             SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson($name) => $body,
         }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
index ef4efe88e43f8..a204a8d121706 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
             self.db_name.clone(),
             self.sink_from_name.clone(),
-        )?;
+        )
+        .await?;
         KafkaLogSinker::new(self.config.clone(), formatter).await
     }
 
@@ -326,6 +327,15 @@ impl Sink for KafkaSink {
                 self.format_desc.format
             )));
         }
+        // Check for formatter constructor error, before it is too late for error reporting.
+        SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &self.format_desc,
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.pk_indices.clone(),
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+        )
+        .await?;
 
         // Try Kafka connection.
         // There is no such interface for kafka producer to validate a connection
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
index 741bc1bb1db14..dd8518af39948 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,15 @@ impl Sink for KinesisSink {
                 "kinesis sink requires partition key (please define in `primary_key` field)",
             )));
         }
+        // Check for formatter constructor error, before it is too late for error reporting.
+        SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &self.format_desc,
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.pk_indices.clone(),
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+        )
+        .await?;
 
         // check reachability
         let client = self.config.common.build_client().await?;
@@ -145,7 +154,8 @@ impl KinesisSinkWriter {
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let formatter =
-            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, pk_indices, db_name, sink_from_name)?;
+            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, pk_indices, db_name, sink_from_name)
+                .await?;
         let client = config
             .common
             .build_client()
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
index 16514da4c4d23..f980b2ad9f9b1 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs
@@ -180,6 +180,15 @@ impl Sink for PulsarSink {
                 self.format_desc.format
             )));
         }
+        // Check for formatter constructor error, before it is too late for error reporting.
+        SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            &self.format_desc,
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.downstream_pk.clone(),
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
+        )
+        .await?;
 
         // Validate pulsar connection.
         let pulsar = self.config.common.build_client().await?;
@@ -211,7 +220,8 @@ impl PulsarSinkWriter {
         sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let formatter =
-            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, downstream_pk, db_name, sink_from_name)?;
+            SinkFormatterImpl::new(format_desc, schema, downstream_pk, db_name, sink_from_name)
+                .await?;
         let pulsar = config.common.build_client().await?;
         let producer = build_pulsar_producer(&pulsar, &config).await?;
         Ok(Self {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
index 80335d278c8d4..32279dd4e70eb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, V
 
         convert_args!(hashmap!(
                 KafkaSink::SINK_NAME => hashmap!(
-                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json],
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json, Encode::Protobuf],
                     Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json],
                     Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
                 ),

From 6833305cce8c9a1d23573f1972bf8dfa0ffaee7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2023 15:23:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 398/430] feat(meta): recover stream job progress (#12167)

Co-authored-by: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
---
 Makefile.toml                                 |   1 -
 ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh     |  10 +-
 ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh              | 379 +++++++++++++++++-
 ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh                    |   2 +-
 ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql            |   2 +-
 ci/workflows/main-cron.yml                    |   2 +-
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml                 |   4 +-
 .../background_ddl/common/create_bg_mv.slt    |   5 +
 .../background_ddl/common/create_fg_mv.slt    |   2 +
 .../background_ddl/common/create_index.slt    |   2 +
 .../background_ddl/common/create_sink.slt     |   2 +
 .../background_ddl/common/create_table.slt    |   8 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_index.slt |   2 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_mv.slt    |   2 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_sink.slt  |   2 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_table.slt |   2 +
 .../common/validate_backfilled_mv.slt         |   4 +
 .../common/validate_no_jobs.slt               |   4 +
 .../common/validate_one_job.slt               |   4 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/sim.slt               |   1 +
 e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt         |  63 +++
 src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs     |  40 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs |   3 +-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/utils.rs |   5 +-
 src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs  |  13 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs               |  77 ++--
 src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs                   |  82 ++--
 src/meta/src/barrier/notifier.rs              |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs              | 204 ++++++++--
 src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs              | 138 ++++++-
 src/meta/src/error.rs                         |  11 +
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs      |  36 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs      |  92 ++++-
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs           | 277 +++++++++++--
 src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs         |  11 +-
 src/meta/src/model/stream.rs                  |  15 +-
 src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs            |  76 +++-
 src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs         |  75 +++-
 .../recovery/background_ddl.rs                |  96 +++++
 .../tests/integration_tests/recovery/mod.rs   |   1 +
 40 files changed, 1546 insertions(+), 211 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_bg_mv.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_fg_mv.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_index.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_sink.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_table.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_index.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_mv.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_sink.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_table.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_backfilled_mv.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_no_jobs.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_one_job.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/sim.slt
 create mode 100644 e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt
 create mode 100644 src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs

diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 1203a847e1e94..86e9cea136bb5 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -1317,7 +1317,6 @@ dependencies = ["k", "l", "check-logs", "wait-processes-exit"]
 description = "Kill cluster, dump logs and check logs"
 
 [tasks.wait-processes-exit]
-private = true
 category = "Misc"
 description = "Wait for RisingWave processes to exit"
 script = """
diff --git a/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh b/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
index 0d3a7b3fabed4..6514fe1f7c0c3 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
@@ -9,11 +9,19 @@ echo "--- Download artifacts"
 download-and-decompress-artifact risingwave_simulation .
 chmod +x ./risingwave_simulation
 
-export RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_meta::barrier::recovery=debug"
+export RUST_LOG="info,\
+risingwave_meta::barrier::recovery=debug,\
+risingwave_meta::rpc::ddl_controller=debug,\
+risingwave_meta::barrier::mod=debug,\
+risingwave_simulation=debug"
 export LOGDIR=.risingwave/log
 
 mkdir -p $LOGDIR
 
+# FIXME(kwannoel): Why is this failing?
+# echo "--- deterministic simulation e2e, ci-3cn-2fe-3meta, recovery, background_ddl"
+# seq $TEST_NUM | parallel MADSIM_TEST_SEED={} './risingwave_simulation --kill --kill-rate=${KILL_RATE} ./e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt 2> $LOGDIR/recovery-ddl-{}.log && rm $LOGDIR/recovery-ddl-{}.log'
+
 echo "--- deterministic simulation e2e, ci-3cn-2fe-3meta, recovery, ddl"
 seq $TEST_NUM | parallel MADSIM_TEST_SEED={} './risingwave_simulation --kill --kill-rate=${KILL_RATE} ./e2e_test/ddl/\*\*/\*.slt 2> $LOGDIR/recovery-ddl-{}.log && rm $LOGDIR/recovery-ddl-{}.log'
 
diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
index 86dbcb376c255..d0d5eafb3c917 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
@@ -1,22 +1,31 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Runs backfill tests.
-# NOTE(kwannoel):
-# The following scenario is adapted in madsim's integration tests as well.
-# But this script reproduces it more reliably (I'm not sure why.)
-# Hence keeping it in case we ever need to debug backfill again.
 
 # USAGE:
 # ```sh
 # cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
 # ./ci/scripts/run-backfill-tests.sh
 # ```
+# Example progress:
+# dev=> select * from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
+# ddl_id |                 ddl_statement                  | progress |        initialized_at
+#--------+------------------------------------------------+----------+-------------------------------
+#   1002 | CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 AS SELECT * FROM t | 56.12%   | 2023-09-27 06:37:06.636+00:00
+#(1 row)
 
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
 PARENT_PATH=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
 
+TEST_DIR=$PWD/e2e_test
+BACKGROUND_DDL_DIR=$TEST_DIR/background_ddl
+COMMON_DIR=$BACKGROUND_DDL_DIR/common
+
+CLUSTER_PROFILE='ci-1cn-1fe-with-recovery'
+export RUST_LOG="risingwave_meta=debug"
+
 run_sql_file() {
   psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root -f "$@"
 }
@@ -29,40 +38,309 @@ flush() {
   run_sql "FLUSH;"
 }
 
-basic() {
-  echo "--- e2e, test_backfill_basic"
+cancel_stream_jobs() {
+  ID=$(run_sql "select ddl_id from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;" | tail -3 | head -1 | grep -E -o "[0-9]*")
+  echo "CANCELLING STREAM_JOB: $ID"
+  run_sql "CANCEL JOBS $ID;" </dev/null
+}
+
+# Prefix logs, so they don't get overridden after node restart.
+rename_logs_with_prefix() {
+  prefix="$1"
+  pushd .risingwave/log
+  for log in *.log
+    do
+      mv -- "$log" "${prefix}-${log}"
+    done
+  popd
+}
+
+kill_cluster() {
+  cargo make kill
+  cargo make wait-processes-exit
+}
+
+restart_cluster() {
+  kill_cluster
+  rename_logs_with_prefix "before-restart"
+  cargo make dev $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+}
+
+restart_cn() {
+  tmux list-windows -t risedev | grep compute-node | grep -o "^[0-9]*" | xargs -I {} tmux send-keys -t %{} C-c C-d
+  sleep 4
+  mv .risingwave/log/compute-node-*.log .risingwave/log/before-restart-cn-compute-node.log
+  ./.risingwave/bin/risingwave/compute-node \
+  --config-path \
+  ./.risingwave/config/risingwave.toml \
+  --listen-addr \
+  127.0.0.1:5688 \
+  --prometheus-listener-addr \
+  127.0.0.1:1222 \
+  --advertise-addr \
+  127.0.0.1:5688 \
+  --async-stack-trace \
+  verbose \
+  --connector-rpc-endpoint \
+  127.0.0.1:50051 \
+  --parallelism \
+  4 \
+  --total-memory-bytes \
+  8589934592 \
+  --role \
+  both \
+  --meta-address \
+  http://127.0.0.1:5690 >.risingwave/log/compute-node.log 2>&1 &
+}
+
+# Test snapshot and upstream read.
+test_snapshot_and_upstream_read() {
+  echo "--- e2e, ci-backfill, test_snapshot_and_upstream_read"
   cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
+
   run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_base_table.sql
 
   # Provide snapshot
   run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql
+
+  # Provide updates ...
   run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/insert.sql &
+
+  # ... and concurrently create mv.
   run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/create_mv.sql &
 
   wait
 
   run_sql_file "$PARENT_PATH"/sql/backfill/select.sql </dev/null
 
-  echo "--- Kill cluster"
   cargo make kill
+  cargo make wait-processes-exit
+}
+
+# Test background ddl recovery
+test_background_ddl_recovery() {
+  echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_background_ddl_recovery"
+  cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+  # Test before recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+  sleep 1
+  OLD_PROGRESS=$(run_sql "SHOW JOBS;" | grep -E -o "[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{1,2}")
+
+  # Restart
+  restart_cluster
+
+  # Test after recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+  # Recover the mview progress
+  sleep 5
+
+  NEW_PROGRESS=$(run_sql "SHOW JOBS;" | grep -E -o "[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{1,2}")
+
+  if [[ ${OLD_PROGRESS%.*} -le ${NEW_PROGRESS%.*} ]]; then
+    echo "OK: $OLD_PROGRESS smaller or equal to $NEW_PROGRESS"
+  else
+    echo "FAILED: $OLD_PROGRESS larger than $NEW_PROGRESS"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  sleep 60
+
+  # Test after backfill finished
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+
+  # After cluster restart(s), backfilled mv should still be present.
+  restart_cluster
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+  restart_cluster
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_mv.slt"
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+  kill_cluster
+}
+
+test_background_ddl_cancel() {
+  echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test background ddl"
+  cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+  # Test before recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+  sleep 1
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+  cancel_stream_jobs
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+
+  # Restart
+  restart_cluster
+
+  # Recover
+  sleep 3
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+  cancel_stream_jobs
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+  sleep 1
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+  cancel_stream_jobs
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+  # After cancel should be able to create MV
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+  sleep 1
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+  cancel_stream_jobs
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+  kill_cluster
+}
+
+# Test foreground ddl should not recover
+test_foreground_ddl_cancel() {
+  echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_foreground_ddl_cancel"
+  cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+  # Test before recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+  run_sql "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as select * FROM t;" &
+  sleep 1
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+  cancel_stream_jobs
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_fg_mv.slt"
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_mv.slt"
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+  kill_cluster
+}
+
+# Test foreground ddl should not recover
+test_foreground_ddl_no_recover() {
+  echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_foreground_ddl_no_recover"
+  cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+  # Test before recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+  run_sql "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as select * FROM t;" &
+  sleep 3
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+
+  # Restart
+  restart_cluster
+
+  # Leave sometime for recovery
+  sleep 5
+
+  # Test after recovery
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+  sleep 30
+
+  sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+  kill_cluster
+}
+
+test_foreground_index_cancel() {
+   echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_foreground_index_cancel"
+   cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+
+   # Test cancel
+   run_sql "CREATE INDEX i ON t (v1);" &
+   sleep 3
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+   cancel_stream_jobs
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+   # Test index over recovery
+   run_sql "CREATE INDEX i ON t (v1);" &
+   sleep 3
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+
+   # Restart
+   restart_cluster
+
+   # Leave sometime for recovery
+   sleep 5
+
+   # Test after recovery
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_index.slt"
+
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_index.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+   kill_cluster
+}
+
+test_foreground_sink_cancel() {
+   echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_foreground_sink_ddl_cancel"
+   cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+
+   # Test cancel
+   run_sql "CREATE SINK i FROM t WITH (connector='blackhole');" &
+   sleep 3
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+   cancel_stream_jobs
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+
+   # Test sink over recovery
+   run_sql "CREATE SINK i FROM t WITH (connector='blackhole');" &
+   sleep 3
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+
+   # Restart
+   restart_cluster
+
+   # Leave sometime for recovery
+   sleep 5
+
+   # Test after recovery
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_no_jobs.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_sink.slt"
+
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_sink.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+   kill_cluster
 }
 
 # Lots of upstream tombstone, backfill should still proceed.
 test_backfill_tombstone() {
   echo "--- e2e, test_backfill_tombstone"
-  cargo make ci-start ci-backfill
+  cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
   ./risedev psql -c "
   CREATE TABLE tomb (v1 int)
   WITH (
     connector = 'datagen',
     fields.v1._.kind = 'sequence',
-    datagen.rows.per.second = '10000000'
+    datagen.rows.per.second = '1000000'
   )
   FORMAT PLAIN
   ENCODE JSON;
   "
 
-  sleep 30
+  sleep 10
 
   bash -c '
     set -euo pipefail
@@ -76,12 +354,89 @@ test_backfill_tombstone() {
 
   ./risedev psql -c "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as select * from tomb;"
   echo "--- Kill cluster"
-  cargo make kill
+  kill_cluster
+  wait
+}
+
+test_backfill_restart_cn_recovery() {
+   echo "--- e2e, $CLUSTER_PROFILE, test_background_restart_cn_recovery"
+   cargo make ci-start $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+   # Test before recovery
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_table.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/create_bg_mv.slt"
+   sleep 1
+   OLD_PROGRESS=$(run_sql "SHOW JOBS;" | grep -E -o "[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{1,2}")
+
+   # Restart 1 CN
+   restart_cn
+
+   # Give some time to recover.
+   sleep 3
+
+   # Test after recovery
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_one_job.slt"
+
+   # Recover the mview progress
+   sleep 5
+
+   NEW_PROGRESS=$(run_sql "SHOW JOBS;" | grep -E -o "[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{1,2}")
+
+   if [[ ${OLD_PROGRESS%.*} -le ${NEW_PROGRESS%.*} ]]; then
+     echo "OK: $OLD_PROGRESS smaller or equal to $NEW_PROGRESS"
+   else
+     echo "FAILED: $OLD_PROGRESS larger than $NEW_PROGRESS"
+     exit 1
+   fi
+
+   # Trigger a bootstrap recovery
+   pkill compute-node
+   kill_cluster
+   rename_logs_with_prefix "before-restart"
+   sleep 10
+   cargo make dev $CLUSTER_PROFILE
+
+   # Recover mview progress
+   sleep 5
+
+   OLD_PROGRESS=$NEW_PROGRESS
+   NEW_PROGRESS=$(run_sql "SHOW JOBS;" | grep -E -o "[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{1,2}")
+
+   if [[ ${OLD_PROGRESS%.*} -le ${NEW_PROGRESS%.*} ]]; then
+     echo "OK: $OLD_PROGRESS smaller or equal to $NEW_PROGRESS"
+   else
+     echo "FAILED: $OLD_PROGRESS larger than $NEW_PROGRESS"
+     exit 1
+   fi
+
+   sleep 60
+
+   # Test after backfill finished
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+
+   # After cluster restart(s), backfilled mv should still be present.
+   restart_cluster
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+   restart_cluster
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/validate_backfilled_mv.slt"
+
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_mv.slt"
+   sqllogictest -d dev -h localhost -p 4566 "$COMMON_DIR/drop_table.slt"
+
+   kill_cluster
 }
 
 main() {
-  basic
+  set -euo pipefail
+  test_snapshot_and_upstream_read
   test_backfill_tombstone
+  test_background_ddl_recovery
+  test_background_ddl_cancel
+  test_foreground_ddl_no_recover
+  test_foreground_ddl_cancel
+  test_foreground_index_cancel
+  test_foreground_sink_cancel
+  test_backfill_restart_cn_recovery
 }
 
 main
diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
index e839c551610c3..8fb29ec5bd1a2 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-e2e-test.sh
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ echo "--- e2e, $mode, batch"
 RUST_LOG="info,risingwave_stream=info,risingwave_batch=info,risingwave_storage=info" \
 cluster_start
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
-sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/**/*.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
+sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/background_ddl/basic.slt' --junit "batch-ddl-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/visibility_mode/*.slt' --junit "batch-${profile}"
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev './e2e_test/database/prepare.slt'
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d test './e2e_test/database/test.slt'
diff --git a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
index 6c12a3e0b897e..f25f8b09cb2b8 100644
--- a/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
+++ b/ci/scripts/sql/backfill/insert.sql
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ insert into t1
 SELECT
     generate_series,
     '{"orders": {"id": 1, "price": "2.30", "customer_id": 2}}'::jsonb
-FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
+FROM generate_series(1, 50000);
 FLUSH;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
index 349f6d8359f2b..d8e78952c141f 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/main-cron.yml
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 20
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "e2e standalone binary test"
diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index ee74834dd5163..0008f2cf0bb7c 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -486,11 +486,11 @@ steps:
       - "build"
     plugins:
       - docker-compose#v4.9.0:
-          run: ci-flamegraph-env
+          run: rw-build-env
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
 
   - label: "e2e standalone binary test"
     command: "ci/scripts/e2e-test.sh -p ci-dev -m standalone"
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_bg_mv.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_bg_mv.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0897f1aa15754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_bg_mv.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+statement ok
+SET BACKGROUND_DDL=true;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as SELECT * FROM t;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_fg_mv.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_fg_mv.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b7c664d9df0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_fg_mv.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as SELECT * FROM t;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_index.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_index.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..95511a1c39866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_index.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+CREATE INDEX i on t (v1);
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_sink.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_sink.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2f71eab5e5fdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_sink.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+CREATE SINK i FROM t WITH (connector='blackhole');
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_table.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_table.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b657041fd3ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/create_table.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE t(v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 500000);
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_index.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_index.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a92487e239416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_index.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+DROP INDEX i;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_mv.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_mv.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73792bf077ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_mv.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_sink.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_sink.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..04b99f0e02cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_sink.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+DROP SINK i;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_table.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_table.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eb37883178ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/drop_table.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE t;
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_backfilled_mv.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_backfilled_mv.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3b0e427ac454f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_backfilled_mv.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+query I
+SELECT count(*) FROM m1;
+----
+500000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_no_jobs.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_no_jobs.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7833b205092ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_no_jobs.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+query I
+select count(*) from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
+----
+0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_one_job.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_one_job.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..13c41f7612ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/common/validate_one_job.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+query I
+select count(*) from rw_catalog.rw_ddl_progress;
+----
+1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3462716a17aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim.slt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include ./sim/basic.slt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt b/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b58dd36604c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e_test/background_ddl/sim/basic.slt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+statement ok
+SET BACKGROUND_DDL=true;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER SYSTEM SET max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs TO 4;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE t (v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO t select * from generate_series(1, 200000);
+
+statement ok
+FLUSH;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m2 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+statement ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m3 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+# Meta should always reject duplicate mview.
+statement error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m3 as SELECT * FROM t;
+
+# Wait for background ddl to finish
+sleep 30s
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m1;
+----
+10000000
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m2;
+----
+10000000
+
+query I
+select count(*) from m3;
+----
+10000000
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1;
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m2;
+
+statement ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m3;
+
+statement ok
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+statement ok
+SET BACKGROUND_DDL=false;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER SYSTEM SET max_concurrent_creating_streaming_jobs TO 1;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
index 0fadf44ad40cf..b0f9088132f59 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs
@@ -149,6 +149,41 @@ pub struct TableCatalog {
 
     /// Indicate whether to use watermark cache for state table.
     pub cleaned_by_watermark: bool,
+
+    /// Indicate whether to create table in background or foreground.
+    pub create_type: CreateType,
+}
+
+// How the stream job was created will determine
+// whether they are persisted.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum CreateType {
+    Background,
+    Foreground,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Default for CreateType {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Foreground
+    }
+}
+
+impl CreateType {
+    fn from_prost(prost: PbCreateType) -> Self {
+        match prost {
+            PbCreateType::Background => Self::Background,
+            PbCreateType::Foreground => Self::Foreground,
+            PbCreateType::Unspecified => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn to_prost(self) -> PbCreateType {
+        match self {
+            Self::Background => PbCreateType::Background,
+            Self::Foreground => PbCreateType::Foreground,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -402,7 +437,7 @@ impl TableCatalog {
             created_at_epoch: self.created_at_epoch.map(|epoch| epoch.0),
             cleaned_by_watermark: self.cleaned_by_watermark,
             stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::Creating.into(),
-            create_type: PbCreateType::Foreground.into(),
+            create_type: self.create_type.to_prost().into(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -455,6 +490,7 @@ impl From<PbTable> for TableCatalog {
         let id = tb.id;
         let tb_conflict_behavior = tb.handle_pk_conflict_behavior();
         let table_type = tb.get_table_type().unwrap();
+        let create_type = tb.get_create_type().unwrap_or(PbCreateType::Foreground);
         let associated_source_id = tb.optional_associated_source_id.map(|id| match id {
             OptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId(id) => id,
         });
@@ -514,6 +550,7 @@ impl From<PbTable> for TableCatalog {
             created_at_epoch: tb.created_at_epoch.map(Epoch::from),
             initialized_at_epoch: tb.initialized_at_epoch.map(Epoch::from),
             cleaned_by_watermark: matches!(tb.cleaned_by_watermark, true),
+            create_type: CreateType::from_prost(create_type),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -660,6 +697,7 @@ mod tests {
                 created_at_epoch: None,
                 initialized_at_epoch: None,
                 cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+                create_type: CreateType::Foreground,
             }
         );
         assert_eq!(table, TableCatalog::from(table.to_prost(0, 0)));
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index 128f1eeb24ed9..fb17537bc90e6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use super::derive::derive_columns;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{reorganize_elements_id, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
-use crate::catalog::table_catalog::{TableCatalog, TableType, TableVersion};
+use crate::catalog::table_catalog::{CreateType, TableCatalog, TableType, TableVersion};
 use crate::catalog::FragmentId;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::derive::derive_pk;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{PlanBase, PlanNodeMeta};
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ impl StreamMaterialize {
             created_at_epoch: None,
             initialized_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+            create_type: CreateType::Foreground, // Will be updated in the handler itself.
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/utils.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/utils.rs
index 475c5c0e32eb1..f167d73c53a46 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/utils.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/utils.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
 };
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 
-use crate::catalog::table_catalog::TableType;
+use crate::catalog::table_catalog::{CreateType, TableType};
 use crate::catalog::{ColumnId, FragmentId, TableCatalog, TableId};
 use crate::optimizer::property::Cardinality;
 use crate::utils::WithOptions;
@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ impl TableCatalogBuilder {
             created_at_epoch: None,
             initialized_at_epoch: None,
             cleaned_by_watermark: false,
+            // NOTE(kwannoel): This may not match the create type of the materialized table.
+            // It should be ignored for internal tables.
+            create_type: CreateType::Foreground,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
index 18bdc30c4165f..bd247c1e18980 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_pb::backup_service::MetaBackupManifestId;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbStreamJobStatus, Table};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
 use risingwave_pb::common::worker_node::State::Running;
 use risingwave_pb::common::{WorkerNode, WorkerType};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::WriteLimits;
@@ -120,16 +120,7 @@ impl NotificationServiceImpl {
 
     async fn get_tables_and_creating_tables_snapshot(&self) -> (Vec<Table>, NotificationVersion) {
         let catalog_guard = self.catalog_manager.get_catalog_core_guard().await;
-        let mut tables = catalog_guard
-            .database
-            .list_tables()
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|t| {
-                t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Unspecified as i32
-                    || t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Created as i32
-            })
-            .collect_vec();
-        tables.extend(catalog_guard.database.list_creating_tables());
+        let tables = catalog_guard.database.list_tables();
         let notification_version = self.env.notification_manager().current_version().await;
         (tables, notification_version)
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
index 8d8076e56a233..bbe60c010b94b 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/command.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ use uuid::Uuid;
 use super::info::BarrierActorInfo;
 use super::trace::TracedEpoch;
 use crate::barrier::CommandChanges;
-use crate::manager::{FragmentManagerRef, WorkerId};
+use crate::hummock::HummockManagerRef;
+use crate::manager::{CatalogManagerRef, FragmentManagerRef, WorkerId};
 use crate::model::{ActorId, DispatcherId, FragmentId, TableFragments};
 use crate::stream::{build_actor_connector_splits, SourceManagerRef, SplitAssignment};
 use crate::MetaResult;
@@ -216,7 +217,9 @@ impl Command {
 /// [`CommandContext`] is used for generating barrier and doing post stuffs according to the given
 /// [`Command`].
 pub struct CommandContext {
-    fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
+    pub fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
+    catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
+    hummock_manager: HummockManagerRef,
 
     client_pool: StreamClientPoolRef,
 
@@ -247,6 +250,8 @@ impl CommandContext {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub(super) fn new(
         fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
+        catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
+        hummock_manager: HummockManagerRef,
         client_pool: StreamClientPoolRef,
         info: BarrierActorInfo,
         prev_epoch: TracedEpoch,
@@ -259,6 +264,8 @@ impl CommandContext {
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             fragment_manager,
+            catalog_manager,
+            hummock_manager,
             client_pool,
             info: Arc::new(info),
             prev_epoch,
@@ -663,7 +670,51 @@ impl CommandContext {
             Command::CancelStreamingJob(table_fragments) => {
                 let node_actors = table_fragments.worker_actor_ids();
                 self.clean_up(node_actors).await?;
-                // Drop fragment info in meta store.
+
+                // NOTE(kwannoel): At this point, meta has already registered the table ids.
+                // We should unregister them.
+                // This is required for background ddl, for foreground ddl this is a no-op.
+                // Foreground ddl is handled entirely by stream manager, so it will unregister
+                // the table ids on failure.
+                // On the other hand background ddl could be handled by barrier manager.
+                // It won't clean the tables on failure,
+                // since the failure could be recoverable.
+                // As such it needs to be handled here.
+                let table_id = table_fragments.table_id().table_id;
+                let mut table_ids = table_fragments.internal_table_ids();
+                table_ids.push(table_id);
+                if let Err(e) = self.hummock_manager.unregister_table_ids(&table_ids).await {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to unregister compaction group for {:#?}. They will be cleaned up on node restart. {:#?}", &table_ids, e);
+                }
+
+                // NOTE(kwannoel): At this point, catalog manager has persisted the tables already.
+                // We need to cleanup the table state. So we can do it here.
+                // The logic is the same as above, for hummock_manager.unregister_table_ids.
+                if let Err(e) = self
+                    .catalog_manager
+                    .cancel_create_table_procedure(
+                        table_fragments.table_id().table_id,
+                        table_fragments.internal_table_ids(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                {
+                    let table_id = table_fragments.table_id().table_id;
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        table_id,
+                        reason=?e,
+                        "cancel_create_table_procedure failed for CancelStreamingJob",
+                    );
+                    // If failed, check that table is not in meta store.
+                    // If any table is, just panic, let meta do bootstrap recovery.
+                    // Otherwise our persisted state is dirty.
+                    let mut table_ids = table_fragments.internal_table_ids();
+                    table_ids.push(table_id);
+                    self.catalog_manager.assert_tables_deleted(table_ids).await;
+                }
+
+                // We need to drop table fragments here,
+                // since this is not done in stream manager (foreground ddl)
+                // OR barrier manager (background ddl)
                 self.fragment_manager
                     .drop_table_fragments_vec(&HashSet::from_iter(std::iter::once(
                         table_fragments.table_id(),
@@ -791,24 +842,4 @@ impl CommandContext {
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    /// Do some stuffs before the barrier is `finish`ed. Only used for `CreateStreamingJob`.
-    pub async fn pre_finish(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        #[allow(clippy::single_match)]
-        match &self.command {
-            Command::CreateStreamingJob {
-                table_fragments, ..
-            } => {
-                // Update the state of the table fragments from `Creating` to `Created`, so that the
-                // fragments can be scaled.
-                self.fragment_manager
-                    .mark_table_fragments_created(table_fragments.table_id())
-                    .await?;
-            }
-
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
index 8924992c2e18e..ed6ad289a5a68 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ use self::info::BarrierActorInfo;
 use self::notifier::Notifier;
 use self::progress::TrackingCommand;
 use crate::barrier::notifier::BarrierInfo;
-use crate::barrier::progress::CreateMviewProgressTracker;
+use crate::barrier::progress::{CreateMviewProgressTracker, TrackingJob};
 use crate::barrier::BarrierEpochState::{Completed, InFlight};
 use crate::hummock::HummockManagerRef;
 use crate::manager::sink_coordination::SinkCoordinatorManager;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ use crate::manager::{
     CatalogManagerRef, ClusterManagerRef, FragmentManagerRef, LocalNotification, MetaSrvEnv,
     WorkerId,
 };
-use crate::model::{ActorId, BarrierManagerState};
+use crate::model::{ActorId, BarrierManagerState, TableFragments};
 use crate::rpc::metrics::MetaMetrics;
 use crate::stream::SourceManagerRef;
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
@@ -75,6 +75,35 @@ pub use self::command::{Command, Reschedule};
 pub use self::schedule::BarrierScheduler;
 pub use self::trace::TracedEpoch;
 
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct TableMap<T> {
+    inner: HashMap<TableId, T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> TableMap<T> {
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, table_id: &TableId) -> Option<T> {
+        self.inner.remove(table_id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<HashMap<TableId, T>> for TableMap<T> {
+    fn from(inner: HashMap<TableId, T>) -> Self {
+        Self { inner }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<TableMap<T>> for HashMap<TableId, T> {
+    fn from(table_map: TableMap<T>) -> Self {
+        table_map.inner
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) type TableActorMap = TableMap<Vec<ActorId>>;
+pub(crate) type TableUpstreamMvCountMap = TableMap<HashMap<TableId, usize>>;
+pub(crate) type TableDefinitionMap = TableMap<String>;
+pub(crate) type TableNotifierMap = TableMap<Notifier>;
+pub(crate) type TableFragmentMap = TableMap<TableFragments>;
+
 /// Status of barrier manager.
 enum BarrierManagerStatus {
     /// Barrier manager is starting.
@@ -177,7 +206,7 @@ struct CheckpointControl {
     metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
 
     /// Get notified when we finished Create MV and collect a barrier(checkpoint = true)
-    finished_commands: Vec<TrackingCommand>,
+    finished_commands: Vec<TrackingJob>,
 }
 
 impl CheckpointControl {
@@ -194,8 +223,8 @@ impl CheckpointControl {
     }
 
     /// Stash a command to finish later.
-    fn stash_command_to_finish(&mut self, finished_command: TrackingCommand) {
-        self.finished_commands.push(finished_command);
+    fn stash_command_to_finish(&mut self, finished_job: TrackingJob) {
+        self.finished_commands.push(finished_job);
     }
 
     /// Finish stashed commands. If the current barrier is not a `checkpoint`, we will not finish
@@ -205,31 +234,32 @@ impl CheckpointControl {
     async fn finish_commands(&mut self, checkpoint: bool) -> MetaResult<bool> {
         for command in self
             .finished_commands
-            .extract_if(|c| checkpoint || c.context.kind.is_barrier())
+            .extract_if(|c| checkpoint || c.is_barrier())
         {
             // The command is ready to finish. We can now call `pre_finish`.
-            command.context.pre_finish().await?;
-            command
-                .notifiers
-                .into_iter()
-                .for_each(Notifier::notify_finished);
+            command.pre_finish().await?;
+            command.notify_finished();
         }
 
         Ok(!self.finished_commands.is_empty())
     }
 
-    fn cancel_command(&mut self, cancelled_command: TrackingCommand) {
-        if let Some(index) = self.command_ctx_queue.iter().position(|x| {
-            x.command_ctx.prev_epoch.value() == cancelled_command.context.prev_epoch.value()
-        }) {
-            self.command_ctx_queue.remove(index);
-            self.remove_changes(cancelled_command.context.command.changes());
+    fn cancel_command(&mut self, cancelled_job: TrackingJob) {
+        if let TrackingJob::New(cancelled_command) = cancelled_job {
+            if let Some(index) = self.command_ctx_queue.iter().position(|x| {
+                x.command_ctx.prev_epoch.value() == cancelled_command.context.prev_epoch.value()
+            }) {
+                self.command_ctx_queue.remove(index);
+                self.remove_changes(cancelled_command.context.command.changes());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Recovered jobs do not need to be cancelled since only `RUNNING` actors will get recovered.
         }
     }
 
     fn cancel_stashed_command(&mut self, id: TableId) {
         self.finished_commands
-            .retain(|x| x.context.table_to_create() != Some(id));
+            .retain(|x| x.table_to_create() != Some(id));
     }
 
     /// Before resolving the actors to be sent or collected, we should first record the newly
@@ -596,7 +626,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
             let paused = self.take_pause_on_bootstrap().await.unwrap_or(false);
             let paused_reason = paused.then_some(PausedReason::Manual);
 
-            self.recovery(prev_epoch, paused_reason)
+            self.recovery(prev_epoch, paused_reason, true)
                 .instrument(span)
                 .await
         };
@@ -693,6 +723,8 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
 
         let command_ctx = Arc::new(CommandContext::new(
             self.fragment_manager.clone(),
+            self.catalog_manager.clone(),
+            self.hummock_manager.clone(),
             self.env.stream_client_pool_ref(),
             info,
             prev_epoch.clone(),
@@ -910,6 +942,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
             let fail_nodes = complete_nodes
                 .drain(index..)
                 .chain(checkpoint_control.barrier_failed().into_iter());
+            tracing::warn!("Failed to commit epoch {}: {:?}", prev_epoch, err);
             self.failure_recovery(err, fail_nodes, state, checkpoint_control)
                 .await;
         }
@@ -937,11 +970,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         }
 
         if self.enable_recovery {
-            // If failed, enter recovery mode.
             self.set_status(BarrierManagerStatus::Recovering).await;
-            let mut tracker = self.tracker.lock().await;
-            *tracker = CreateMviewProgressTracker::new();
-
             let latest_snapshot = self.hummock_manager.latest_snapshot();
             let prev_epoch = TracedEpoch::new(latest_snapshot.committed_epoch.into()); // we can only recovery from the committed epoch
             let span = tracing::info_span!(
@@ -950,7 +979,12 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                 prev_epoch = prev_epoch.value().0
             );
 
-            *state = self.recovery(prev_epoch, None).instrument(span).await;
+            // No need to clean dirty tables for barrier recovery,
+            // The foreground stream job should cleanup their own tables.
+            *state = self
+                .recovery(prev_epoch, None, false)
+                .instrument(span)
+                .await;
             self.set_status(BarrierManagerStatus::Running).await;
         } else {
             panic!("failed to execute barrier: {:?}", err);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/notifier.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/notifier.rs
index 88acd9cd3dd7a..b28c5b01d53d9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/notifier.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/notifier.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct BarrierInfo {
 
 /// Used for notifying the status of a scheduled command/barrier.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub(super) struct Notifier {
+pub(crate) struct Notifier {
     /// Get notified when scheduled barrier is injected to compute nodes.
     pub injected: Option<oneshot::Sender<BarrierInfo>>,
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
index 6344667130b60..22cd6f8d9e200 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/progress.rs
@@ -25,14 +25,18 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_service::barrier_complete_response::CreateMviewProgres
 
 use super::command::CommandContext;
 use super::notifier::Notifier;
-use crate::barrier::Command;
-use crate::model::ActorId;
+use crate::barrier::{
+    Command, TableActorMap, TableDefinitionMap, TableFragmentMap, TableNotifierMap,
+    TableUpstreamMvCountMap,
+};
+use crate::manager::{FragmentManager, FragmentManagerRef};
+use crate::model::{ActorId, TableFragments};
+use crate::MetaResult;
 
-type CreateMviewEpoch = Epoch;
 type ConsumedRows = u64;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-enum ChainState {
+pub enum ChainState {
     Init,
     ConsumingUpstream(Epoch, ConsumedRows),
     Done(ConsumedRows),
@@ -45,10 +49,9 @@ struct Progress {
 
     done_count: usize,
 
-    /// Creating mv id.
-    creating_mv_id: TableId,
-
-    /// Upstream mv count. Keep track of how many times each upstream MV appears.
+    /// Upstream mv count.
+    /// Keep track of how many times each upstream MV
+    /// appears in this stream job.
     upstream_mv_count: HashMap<TableId, usize>,
 
     /// Upstream mvs total key count.
@@ -65,7 +68,6 @@ impl Progress {
     /// Create a [`Progress`] for some creating mview, with all `actors` containing the chain nodes.
     fn new(
         actors: impl IntoIterator<Item = ActorId>,
-        creating_mv_id: TableId,
         upstream_mv_count: HashMap<TableId, usize>,
         upstream_total_key_count: u64,
         definition: String,
@@ -79,7 +81,6 @@ impl Progress {
         Self {
             states,
             done_count: 0,
-            creating_mv_id,
             upstream_mv_count,
             upstream_total_key_count,
             consumed_rows: 0,
@@ -139,6 +140,80 @@ impl Progress {
     }
 }
 
+/// There are 2 kinds of `TrackingJobs`:
+/// 1. `New`. This refers to the "New" type of tracking job.
+///    It is instantiated and managed by the stream manager.
+///    On recovery, the stream manager will stop managing the job.
+/// 2. `Recovered`. This refers to the "Recovered" type of tracking job.
+///    On recovery, the barrier manager will recover and start managing the job.
+pub enum TrackingJob {
+    New(TrackingCommand),
+    Recovered(RecoveredTrackingJob),
+}
+
+impl TrackingJob {
+    fn fragment_manager(&self) -> &FragmentManager {
+        match self {
+            TrackingJob::New(command) => command.context.fragment_manager.as_ref(),
+            TrackingJob::Recovered(recovered) => recovered.fragment_manager.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_barrier(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            TrackingJob::Recovered(_) => true,
+            TrackingJob::New(command) => command.context.kind.is_barrier(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn pre_finish(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let table_fragments = match &self {
+            TrackingJob::New(command) => match &command.context.command {
+                Command::CreateStreamingJob {
+                    table_fragments, ..
+                } => Some(table_fragments),
+                _ => None,
+            },
+            TrackingJob::Recovered(recovered) => Some(&recovered.fragments),
+        };
+        // Update the state of the table fragments from `Creating` to `Created`, so that the
+        // fragments can be scaled.
+        if let Some(table_fragments) = table_fragments {
+            self.fragment_manager()
+                .mark_table_fragments_created(table_fragments.table_id())
+                .await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn notify_finished(self) {
+        match self {
+            TrackingJob::New(command) => {
+                command
+                    .notifiers
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .for_each(Notifier::notify_finished);
+            }
+            TrackingJob::Recovered(recovered) => {
+                recovered.finished.notify_finished();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn table_to_create(&self) -> Option<TableId> {
+        match self {
+            TrackingJob::New(command) => command.context.table_to_create(),
+            TrackingJob::Recovered(recovered) => Some(recovered.fragments.table_id()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct RecoveredTrackingJob {
+    pub fragments: TableFragments,
+    pub finished: Notifier,
+    pub fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
+}
+
 /// The command tracking by the [`CreateMviewProgressTracker`].
 pub(super) struct TrackingCommand {
     /// The context of the command.
@@ -150,15 +225,80 @@ pub(super) struct TrackingCommand {
 
 /// Track the progress of all creating mviews. When creation is done, `notify_finished` will be
 /// called on registered notifiers.
+///
+/// Tracking is done as follows:
+/// 1. We identify a `StreamJob` by its `TableId` of its `Materialized` table.
+/// 2. For each stream job, there are several actors which run its tasks.
+/// 3. With `progress_map` we can use the ID of the `StreamJob` to view its progress.
+/// 4. With `actor_map` we can use an actor's `ActorId` to find the ID of the `StreamJob`.
 pub(super) struct CreateMviewProgressTracker {
-    /// Progress of the create-mview DDL indicated by the epoch.
-    progress_map: HashMap<CreateMviewEpoch, (Progress, TrackingCommand)>,
+    /// Progress of the create-mview DDL indicated by the TableId.
+    progress_map: HashMap<TableId, (Progress, TrackingJob)>,
 
     /// Find the epoch of the create-mview DDL by the actor containing the chain node.
-    actor_map: HashMap<ActorId, CreateMviewEpoch>,
+    actor_map: HashMap<ActorId, TableId>,
 }
 
 impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
+    /// This step recovers state from the meta side:
+    /// 1. `Tables`.
+    /// 2. `TableFragments`.
+    ///
+    /// Other state are persisted by the `BackfillExecutor`, such as:
+    /// 1. `CreateMviewProgress`.
+    /// 2. `Backfill` position.
+    pub fn recover(
+        table_map: TableActorMap,
+        mut upstream_mv_counts: TableUpstreamMvCountMap,
+        mut definitions: TableDefinitionMap,
+        version_stats: HummockVersionStats,
+        mut finished_notifiers: TableNotifierMap,
+        mut table_fragment_map: TableFragmentMap,
+        fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut actor_map = HashMap::new();
+        let mut progress_map = HashMap::new();
+        let table_map: HashMap<_, Vec<ActorId>> = table_map.into();
+        for (creating_table_id, actors) in table_map {
+            // 1. Recover `ChainState` in the tracker.
+            let mut states = HashMap::new();
+            for actor in actors {
+                actor_map.insert(actor, creating_table_id);
+                states.insert(actor, ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(Epoch(0), 0));
+            }
+            let upstream_mv_count = upstream_mv_counts.remove(&creating_table_id).unwrap();
+            let upstream_total_key_count = upstream_mv_count
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(upstream_mv, count)| {
+                    *count as u64
+                        * version_stats
+                            .table_stats
+                            .get(&upstream_mv.table_id)
+                            .map_or(0, |stat| stat.total_key_count as u64)
+                })
+                .sum();
+            let definition = definitions.remove(&creating_table_id).unwrap();
+            let progress = Progress {
+                states,
+                done_count: 0, // Fill only after first barrier pass
+                upstream_mv_count,
+                upstream_total_key_count,
+                consumed_rows: 0, // Fill only after first barrier pass
+                definition,
+            };
+            let tracking_job = TrackingJob::Recovered(RecoveredTrackingJob {
+                fragments: table_fragment_map.remove(&creating_table_id).unwrap(),
+                finished: finished_notifiers.remove(&creating_table_id).unwrap(),
+                fragment_manager: fragment_manager.clone(),
+            });
+            progress_map.insert(creating_table_id, (progress, tracking_job));
+        }
+        Self {
+            progress_map,
+            actor_map,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             progress_map: Default::default(),
@@ -168,9 +308,9 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
 
     pub fn gen_ddl_progress(&self) -> Vec<DdlProgress> {
         self.progress_map
-            .values()
-            .map(|(x, _)| DdlProgress {
-                id: x.creating_mv_id.table_id as u64,
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(table_id, (x, _))| DdlProgress {
+                id: table_id.table_id as u64,
                 statement: x.definition.clone(),
                 progress: format!("{:.2}%", x.calculate_progress() * 100.0),
             })
@@ -183,7 +323,7 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
     pub fn find_cancelled_command(
         &mut self,
         actors_to_cancel: HashSet<ActorId>,
-    ) -> Option<TrackingCommand> {
+    ) -> Option<TrackingJob> {
         let epochs = actors_to_cancel
             .into_iter()
             .map(|actor_id| self.actor_map.get(&actor_id))
@@ -205,16 +345,11 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
         &mut self,
         command: TrackingCommand,
         version_stats: &HummockVersionStats,
-    ) -> Option<TrackingCommand> {
+    ) -> Option<TrackingJob> {
         let actors = command.context.actors_to_track();
         if actors.is_empty() {
             // The command can be finished immediately.
-            return Some(command);
-        }
-
-        let ddl_epoch = command.context.curr_epoch.value();
-        for &actor in &actors {
-            self.actor_map.insert(actor, ddl_epoch);
+            return Some(TrackingJob::New(command));
         }
 
         let (creating_mv_id, upstream_mv_count, upstream_total_key_count, definition) =
@@ -258,14 +393,19 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
                 unreachable!("Must be CreateStreamingJob.");
             };
 
+        for &actor in &actors {
+            self.actor_map.insert(actor, creating_mv_id);
+        }
+
         let progress = Progress::new(
             actors,
-            creating_mv_id,
             upstream_mv_count,
             upstream_total_key_count,
             definition,
         );
-        let old = self.progress_map.insert(ddl_epoch, (progress, command));
+        let old = self
+            .progress_map
+            .insert(creating_mv_id, (progress, TrackingJob::New(command)));
         assert!(old.is_none());
         None
     }
@@ -277,9 +417,9 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
         &mut self,
         progress: &CreateMviewProgress,
         version_stats: &HummockVersionStats,
-    ) -> Option<TrackingCommand> {
+    ) -> Option<TrackingJob> {
         let actor = progress.chain_actor_id;
-        let Some(epoch) = self.actor_map.get(&actor).copied() else {
+        let Some(table_id) = self.actor_map.get(&actor).copied() else {
             // On restart, backfill will ALWAYS notify CreateMviewProgressTracker,
             // even if backfill is finished on recovery.
             // This is because we don't know if only this actor is finished,
@@ -299,7 +439,7 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
             ChainState::ConsumingUpstream(progress.consumed_epoch.into(), progress.consumed_rows)
         };
 
-        match self.progress_map.entry(epoch) {
+        match self.progress_map.entry(table_id) {
             Entry::Occupied(mut o) => {
                 let progress = &mut o.get_mut().0;
 
@@ -307,6 +447,7 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
                     .upstream_mv_count
                     .iter()
                     .map(|(upstream_mv, count)| {
+                        assert_ne!(*count, 0);
                         *count as u64
                             * version_stats
                                 .table_stats
@@ -318,7 +459,10 @@ impl CreateMviewProgressTracker {
                 progress.update(actor, new_state, upstream_total_key_count);
 
                 if progress.is_done() {
-                    tracing::debug!("all actors done for creating mview with epoch {}!", epoch);
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        "all actors done for creating mview with table_id {}!",
+                        table_id
+                    );
 
                     // Clean-up the mapping from actors to DDL epoch.
                     for actor in o.get().0.actors() {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
index b3b57f2be58f1..21197a8df98d4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_pb::common::ActorInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::PausedReason;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::barrier::{BarrierKind, Mutation};
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::AddMutation;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_service::{
     BroadcastActorInfoTableRequest, BuildActorsRequest, ForceStopActorsRequest, UpdateActorsRequest,
 };
+use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use tokio_retry::strategy::{jitter, ExponentialBackoff};
 use tracing::{debug, warn, Instrument};
 use uuid::Uuid;
@@ -32,6 +35,8 @@ use uuid::Uuid;
 use super::TracedEpoch;
 use crate::barrier::command::CommandContext;
 use crate::barrier::info::BarrierActorInfo;
+use crate::barrier::notifier::Notifier;
+use crate::barrier::progress::CreateMviewProgressTracker;
 use crate::barrier::{CheckpointControl, Command, GlobalBarrierManager};
 use crate::manager::WorkerId;
 use crate::model::{BarrierManagerState, MigrationPlan};
@@ -60,22 +65,30 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         .await
     }
 
+    /// Please look at `CatalogManager::clean_dirty_tables` for more details.
+    /// This should only be called for bootstrap recovery.
+    async fn clean_dirty_tables(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let fragment_manager = self.fragment_manager.clone();
+        self.catalog_manager
+            .clean_dirty_tables(fragment_manager)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Clean up all dirty streaming jobs.
     async fn clean_dirty_fragments(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let stream_job_ids = self.catalog_manager.list_stream_job_ids().await?;
         let to_drop_table_fragments = self
             .fragment_manager
-            .list_dirty_table_fragments(|tf| {
-                !stream_job_ids.contains(&tf.table_id().table_id) || !tf.is_created()
-            })
+            .list_dirty_table_fragments(|tf| !stream_job_ids.contains(&tf.table_id().table_id))
             .await;
-
         let to_drop_streaming_ids = to_drop_table_fragments
             .iter()
             .map(|t| t.table_id())
             .collect();
 
         debug!("clean dirty table fragments: {:?}", to_drop_streaming_ids);
+
         self.fragment_manager
             .drop_table_fragments_vec(&to_drop_streaming_ids)
             .await?;
@@ -86,7 +99,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                 &to_drop_table_fragments
             )
             .await.inspect_err(|e|
-            tracing::warn!(
+            warn!(
             "Failed to unregister compaction group for {:#?}. They will be cleaned up on node restart. {:#?}",
             to_drop_table_fragments,
             e)
@@ -100,6 +113,101 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn recover_background_mv_progress(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let creating_tables = self.catalog_manager.list_creating_background_mvs().await;
+        let creating_table_ids = creating_tables
+            .iter()
+            .map(|t| TableId { table_id: t.id })
+            .collect_vec();
+
+        let mut senders = HashMap::new();
+        let mut receivers = Vec::new();
+        for table_id in creating_table_ids.iter().copied() {
+            let (finished_tx, finished_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+            senders.insert(
+                table_id,
+                Notifier {
+                    finished: Some(finished_tx),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            );
+
+            let fragments = self
+                .fragment_manager
+                .select_table_fragments_by_table_id(&table_id)
+                .await?;
+            let internal_table_ids = fragments.internal_table_ids();
+            let internal_tables = self.catalog_manager.get_tables(&internal_table_ids).await;
+            let table = self.catalog_manager.get_tables(&[table_id.table_id]).await;
+            assert_eq!(table.len(), 1, "should only have 1 materialized table");
+            let table = table.into_iter().next().unwrap();
+            receivers.push((table, internal_tables, finished_rx));
+        }
+
+        let table_map = self
+            .fragment_manager
+            .get_table_id_actor_mapping(&creating_table_ids)
+            .await;
+        let table_fragment_map = self
+            .fragment_manager
+            .get_table_id_table_fragment_map(&creating_table_ids)
+            .await?;
+        let upstream_mv_counts = self
+            .fragment_manager
+            .get_upstream_relation_counts(&creating_table_ids)
+            .await;
+        let definitions: HashMap<_, _> = creating_tables
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|t| (TableId { table_id: t.id }, t.definition))
+            .collect();
+        let version_stats = self.hummock_manager.get_version_stats().await;
+        // If failed, enter recovery mode.
+        {
+            let mut tracker = self.tracker.lock().await;
+            *tracker = CreateMviewProgressTracker::recover(
+                table_map.into(),
+                upstream_mv_counts.into(),
+                definitions.into(),
+                version_stats,
+                senders.into(),
+                table_fragment_map.into(),
+                self.fragment_manager.clone(),
+            );
+        }
+        for (table, internal_tables, finished) in receivers {
+            let catalog_manager = self.catalog_manager.clone();
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let res: MetaResult<()> = try {
+                    tracing::debug!("recovering stream job {}", table.id);
+                    finished
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!("failed to finish command: {}", e))?;
+
+                    tracing::debug!("finished stream job {}", table.id);
+                    // Once notified that job is finished we need to notify frontend.
+                    // and mark catalog as created and commit to meta.
+                    // both of these are done by catalog manager.
+                    catalog_manager
+                        .finish_create_table_procedure(internal_tables, table.clone())
+                        .await?;
+                    tracing::debug!("notified frontend for stream job {}", table.id);
+                };
+                if let Err(e) = res.as_ref() {
+                    tracing::error!(
+                        "stream job {} interrupted, will retry after recovery: {e:?}",
+                        table.id
+                    );
+                    // NOTE(kwannoel): We should not cleanup stream jobs,
+                    // we don't know if it's just due to CN killed,
+                    // or the job has actually failed.
+                    // Users have to manually cancel the stream jobs,
+                    // if they want to clean it.
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Recovery the whole cluster from the latest epoch.
     ///
     /// If `paused_reason` is `Some`, all data sources (including connectors and DMLs) will be
@@ -111,6 +219,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         &self,
         prev_epoch: TracedEpoch,
         paused_reason: Option<PausedReason>,
+        bootstrap_recovery: bool,
     ) -> BarrierManagerState {
         // Mark blocked and abort buffered schedules, they might be dirty already.
         self.scheduled_barriers
@@ -118,12 +227,25 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
             .await;
 
         tracing::info!("recovery start!");
+        if bootstrap_recovery {
+            self.clean_dirty_tables()
+                .await
+                .expect("clean dirty tables should not fail");
+        }
         self.clean_dirty_fragments()
             .await
             .expect("clean dirty fragments");
+
         self.sink_manager.reset().await;
         let retry_strategy = Self::get_retry_strategy();
 
+        // Mview progress needs to be recovered.
+        tracing::info!("recovering mview progress");
+        self.recover_background_mv_progress()
+            .await
+            .expect("recover mview progress should not fail");
+        tracing::info!("recovered mview progress");
+
         // We take retry into consideration because this is the latency user sees for a cluster to
         // get recovered.
         let recovery_timer = self.metrics.recovery_latency.start_timer();
@@ -172,6 +294,8 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                     // Inject the `Initial` barrier to initialize all executors.
                     let command_ctx = Arc::new(CommandContext::new(
                         self.fragment_manager.clone(),
+                        self.catalog_manager.clone(),
+                        self.hummock_manager.clone(),
                         self.env.stream_client_pool_ref(),
                         info,
                         prev_epoch.clone(),
@@ -204,7 +328,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
                                 warn!(err = ?err, "post_collect failed");
                                 Err(err)
                             } else {
-                                Ok((new_epoch, response))
+                                Ok((new_epoch.clone(), response))
                             }
                         }
                         Err(err) => {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/error.rs b/src/meta/src/error.rs
index b056fea0e35e7..f8332819a4610 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/error.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ enum MetaErrorInner {
     #[error("{0} id not found: {1}")]
     CatalogIdNotFound(&'static str, u32),
 
+    #[error("table_fragment not exist: id={0}")]
+    FragmentNotFound(u32),
+
     #[error("{0} with name {1} exists")]
     Duplicated(&'static str, String),
 
@@ -135,6 +138,14 @@ impl MetaError {
         MetaErrorInner::CatalogIdNotFound(relation, id.into()).into()
     }
 
+    pub fn fragment_not_found<T: Into<u32>>(id: T) -> Self {
+        MetaErrorInner::FragmentNotFound(id.into()).into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_fragment_not_found(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.inner.as_ref(), &MetaErrorInner::FragmentNotFound(..))
+    }
+
     pub fn catalog_duplicated<T: Into<String>>(relation: &'static str, name: T) -> Self {
         MetaErrorInner::Duplicated(relation, name.into()).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
index ad1928e0bdd50..62b5692ce82ba 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/database.rs
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableOption;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::TableType;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    Connection, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
+    Connection, CreateType, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source,
+    StreamJobStatus, Table, View,
 };
 
 use super::{ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FunctionId, RelationId, SchemaId, SinkId, SourceId, ViewId};
@@ -194,12 +196,16 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
     }
 
     pub fn check_relation_name_duplicated(&self, relation_key: &RelationKey) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        if self.tables.values().any(|x| {
+        if let Some(t) = self.tables.values().find(|x| {
             x.database_id == relation_key.0
                 && x.schema_id == relation_key.1
                 && x.name.eq(&relation_key.2)
         }) {
-            Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated("table", &relation_key.2))
+            if t.stream_job_status == StreamJobStatus::Creating as i32 {
+                bail!("table is in creating procedure: {}", t.id);
+            } else {
+                Err(MetaError::catalog_duplicated("table", &relation_key.2))
+            }
         } else if self.sources.values().any(|x| {
             x.database_id == relation_key.0
                 && x.schema_id == relation_key.1
@@ -258,9 +264,22 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
         self.databases.values().cloned().collect_vec()
     }
 
-    pub fn list_creating_tables(&self) -> Vec<Table> {
-        self.in_progress_creating_tables
+    pub fn list_creating_background_mvs(&self) -> Vec<Table> {
+        self.tables
+            .values()
+            .filter(|&t| {
+                t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Creating as i32
+                    && t.table_type == TableType::MaterializedView as i32
+                    && t.create_type == CreateType::Background as i32
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect_vec()
+    }
+
+    pub fn list_persisted_creating_tables(&self) -> Vec<Table> {
+        self.tables
             .values()
+            .filter(|&t| t.stream_job_status == PbStreamJobStatus::Creating as i32)
             .cloned()
             .collect_vec()
     }
@@ -389,10 +408,12 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
             .contains(&relation.clone())
     }
 
+    /// For all types of DDL
     pub fn mark_creating(&mut self, relation: &RelationKey) {
         self.in_progress_creation_tracker.insert(relation.clone());
     }
 
+    /// Only for streaming DDL
     pub fn mark_creating_streaming_job(&mut self, table_id: TableId, key: RelationKey) {
         self.in_progress_creation_streaming_job
             .insert(table_id, key);
@@ -417,6 +438,11 @@ impl DatabaseManager {
         self.in_progress_creation_streaming_job.keys().cloned()
     }
 
+    pub fn clear_creating_stream_jobs(&mut self) {
+        self.in_progress_creation_tracker.clear();
+        self.in_progress_creation_streaming_job.clear();
+    }
+
     pub fn mark_creating_tables(&mut self, tables: &[Table]) {
         self.in_progress_creating_tables
             .extend(tables.iter().map(|t| (t.id, t.clone())));
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
index 1a74608c848a1..8b26b8afa11d9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ use crate::model::{
 };
 use crate::storage::Transaction;
 use crate::stream::{SplitAssignment, TableRevision};
-use crate::MetaResult;
+use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
 pub struct FragmentManagerCore {
     table_fragments: BTreeMap<TableId, TableFragments>,
@@ -163,6 +163,56 @@ impl FragmentManager {
         map.values().cloned().collect()
     }
 
+    /// The `table_ids` here should correspond to stream jobs.
+    /// We get their corresponding table fragment, and from there,
+    /// we get the actors that are in the table fragment.
+    pub async fn get_table_id_actor_mapping(
+        &self,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> HashMap<TableId, Vec<ActorId>> {
+        let map = &self.core.read().await.table_fragments;
+        let mut table_map = HashMap::new();
+        for table_id in table_ids {
+            if let Some(table_fragment) = map.get(table_id) {
+                let mut actors = vec![];
+                for fragment in table_fragment.fragments.values() {
+                    for actor in &fragment.actors {
+                        actors.push(actor.actor_id)
+                    }
+                }
+                table_map.insert(*table_id, actors);
+            }
+        }
+        table_map
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the counts for each upstream relation that each stream job
+    /// indicated by `table_ids` depends on.
+    /// For example in the following query:
+    /// ```sql
+    /// CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW m1 AS
+    ///   SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.a = t2.a JOIN t3 ON t2.b = t3.b
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// We have t1 occurring once, and t2 occurring once.
+    pub async fn get_upstream_relation_counts(
+        &self,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> HashMap<TableId, HashMap<TableId, usize>> {
+        let map = &self.core.read().await.table_fragments;
+        let mut upstream_relation_counts = HashMap::new();
+        for table_id in table_ids {
+            if let Some(table_fragments) = map.get(table_id) {
+                let dependent_ids = table_fragments.dependent_table_ids();
+                let r = upstream_relation_counts.insert(*table_id, dependent_ids);
+                assert!(r.is_none(), "Each table_id should be unique!")
+            } else {
+                upstream_relation_counts.insert(*table_id, HashMap::new());
+            }
+        }
+        upstream_relation_counts
+    }
+
     pub fn get_mv_id_to_internal_table_ids_mapping(&self) -> Option<Vec<(u32, Vec<u32>)>> {
         match self.core.try_read() {
             Ok(core) => Some(
@@ -231,10 +281,11 @@ impl FragmentManager {
         table_id: &TableId,
     ) -> MetaResult<TableFragments> {
         let map = &self.core.read().await.table_fragments;
-        Ok(map
-            .get(table_id)
-            .cloned()
-            .with_context(|| format!("table_fragment not exist: id={}", table_id))?)
+        if let Some(table_fragment) = map.get(table_id) {
+            Ok(table_fragment.clone())
+        } else {
+            Err(MetaError::fragment_not_found(table_id.table_id))
+        }
     }
 
     pub async fn select_table_fragments_by_ids(
@@ -244,15 +295,32 @@ impl FragmentManager {
         let map = &self.core.read().await.table_fragments;
         let mut table_fragments = Vec::with_capacity(table_ids.len());
         for table_id in table_ids {
-            table_fragments.push(
-                map.get(table_id)
-                    .cloned()
-                    .with_context(|| format!("table_fragment not exist: id={}", table_id))?,
-            );
+            table_fragments.push(if let Some(table_fragment) = map.get(table_id) {
+                table_fragment.clone()
+            } else {
+                return Err(MetaError::fragment_not_found(table_id.table_id));
+            });
         }
         Ok(table_fragments)
     }
 
+    pub async fn get_table_id_table_fragment_map(
+        &self,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> MetaResult<HashMap<TableId, TableFragments>> {
+        let map = &self.core.read().await.table_fragments;
+        let mut id_to_fragment = HashMap::new();
+        for table_id in table_ids {
+            let table_fragment = if let Some(table_fragment) = map.get(table_id) {
+                table_fragment.clone()
+            } else {
+                return Err(MetaError::fragment_not_found(table_id.table_id));
+            };
+            id_to_fragment.insert(*table_id, table_fragment);
+        }
+        Ok(id_to_fragment)
+    }
+
     /// Start create a new `TableFragments` and insert it into meta store, currently the actors'
     /// state is `ActorState::Inactive` and the table fragments' state is `State::Initial`.
     pub async fn start_create_table_fragments(
@@ -499,6 +567,8 @@ impl FragmentManager {
 
     /// Drop table fragments info and remove downstream actor infos in fragments from its dependent
     /// tables.
+    /// If table fragments already deleted, this should just be noop,
+    /// the delete function (`table_fragments.remove`) will not return an error.
     pub async fn drop_table_fragments_vec(&self, table_ids: &HashSet<TableId>) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let mut guard = self.core.write().await;
         let current_revision = guard.table_revision;
@@ -514,7 +584,7 @@ impl FragmentManager {
             table_fragments.remove(table_fragment.table_id());
             let chain_actor_ids = table_fragment.chain_actor_ids();
             let dependent_table_ids = table_fragment.dependent_table_ids();
-            for dependent_table_id in dependent_table_ids {
+            for (dependent_table_id, _) in dependent_table_ids {
                 if table_ids.contains(&dependent_table_id) {
                     continue;
                 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index be3ed42b01b4d..bcac32922d180 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ mod fragment;
 mod user;
 mod utils;
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::iter;
 use std::option::Option::Some;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{
     DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_FOR_PG_ID, DEFAULT_SUPER_USER_ID, SYSTEM_SCHEMAS,
 };
 use risingwave_common::{bail, ensure};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::OptionalAssociatedSourceId;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::{OptionalAssociatedSourceId, TableType};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
-    Connection, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source, Table, View,
+    Connection, CreateType, Database, Function, Index, PbStreamJobStatus, Schema, Sink, Source,
+    StreamJobStatus, Table, View,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{Info, Operation};
 use risingwave_pb::user::grant_privilege::{ActionWithGrantOption, Object};
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ use tokio::sync::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
 use user::*;
 
 use crate::manager::{IdCategory, MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion, StreamingJob};
-use crate::model::{BTreeMapTransaction, MetadataModel, ValTransaction};
+use crate::model::{BTreeMapTransaction, MetadataModel, TableFragments, ValTransaction};
 use crate::storage::Transaction;
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
 
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::cancel_creating_jobs_request::CreatingJobInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::relation::RelationInfo;
+use risingwave_pb::meta::table_fragments::State;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::{Relation, RelationGroup};
 pub(crate) use {commit_meta, commit_meta_with_trx};
 
@@ -629,9 +631,13 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     pub async fn start_create_stream_job_procedure(
         &self,
         stream_job: &StreamingJob,
+        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         match stream_job {
-            StreamingJob::MaterializedView(table) => self.start_create_table_procedure(table).await,
+            StreamingJob::MaterializedView(table) => {
+                self.start_create_table_procedure(table, internal_tables)
+                    .await
+            }
             StreamingJob::Sink(sink) => self.start_create_sink_procedure(sink).await,
             StreamingJob::Index(index, index_table) => {
                 self.start_create_index_procedure(index, index_table).await
@@ -641,7 +647,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
                     self.start_create_table_procedure_with_source(source, table)
                         .await
                 } else {
-                    self.start_create_table_procedure(table).await
+                    self.start_create_table_procedure(table, vec![]).await
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -694,7 +700,11 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     }
 
     /// This is used for both `CREATE TABLE` and `CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`.
-    pub async fn start_create_table_procedure(&self, table: &Table) -> MetaResult<()> {
+    pub async fn start_create_table_procedure(
+        &self,
+        table: &Table,
+        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
         let user_core = &mut core.user;
@@ -707,19 +717,151 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         #[cfg(not(test))]
         user_core.ensure_user_id(table.owner)?;
         let key = (table.database_id, table.schema_id, table.name.clone());
+
         database_core.check_relation_name_duplicated(&key)?;
 
-        if database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&key) {
-            bail!("table is in creating procedure");
-        } else {
-            database_core.mark_creating(&key);
-            database_core.mark_creating_streaming_job(table.id, key);
-            for &dependent_relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
-                database_core.increase_ref_count(dependent_relation_id);
+        let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.tables);
+        assert!(
+            !tables.contains_key(&table.id),
+            "table must not already exist in meta"
+        );
+        for table in internal_tables {
+            tables.insert(table.id, table);
+        }
+        tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
+        commit_meta!(self, tables)?;
+
+        for &dependent_relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
+            database_core.increase_ref_count(dependent_relation_id);
+        }
+        user_core.increase_ref(table.owner);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn assert_table_creating(tables: &BTreeMap<TableId, Table>, table: &Table) {
+        if let Some(t) = tables.get(&table.id)
+            && let Ok(StreamJobStatus::Creating) = t.get_stream_job_status()
+        {} else {
+            panic!("Table must be in creating procedure: {table:#?}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn assert_tables_deleted(&self, table_ids: Vec<TableId>) {
+        let core = self.core.lock().await;
+        let tables = &core.database.tables;
+        for id in table_ids {
+            assert_eq!(tables.get(&id), None,)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// We clean the following tables:
+    /// 1. Those which belonged to incomplete Foreground jobs.
+    /// 2. Those which did not persist their table fragments, we can't recover these.
+    /// 3. Those which were only initialized, but not actually running yet.
+    /// 4. From 2, since we don't have internal table ids from the fragments,
+    ///    we can detect hanging table ids by just finding all internal ids
+    ///    with:
+    ///    1. `stream_job_status` = CREATING
+    ///    2. Not belonging to a background stream job.
+    ///    Clean up these hanging tables by the id.
+    pub async fn clean_dirty_tables(&self, fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let creating_tables: Vec<Table> = self.list_persisted_creating_tables().await;
+        tracing::debug!(
+            "creating_tables ids: {:#?}",
+            creating_tables.iter().map(|t| t.id).collect_vec()
+        );
+        let mut reserved_internal_tables = HashSet::new();
+        let mut tables_to_clean = vec![];
+        let mut internal_tables_to_clean = vec![];
+        for table in creating_tables {
+            tracing::trace!(
+                "checking table {} definition: {}, create_type: {:#?}, table_type: {:#?}",
+                table.id,
+                table.definition,
+                table.get_create_type().unwrap_or(CreateType::Foreground),
+                table.get_table_type().unwrap(),
+            );
+            // 1. Incomplete Foreground jobs
+            if table.create_type == CreateType::Foreground as i32
+                && table.table_type != TableType::Internal as i32
+            // || table.create_type == CreateType::Unspecified as i32
+            {
+                tracing::debug!("cleaning table_id for foreground: {:#?}", table.id);
+                tables_to_clean.push(table);
+                continue;
             }
-            user_core.increase_ref(table.owner);
-            Ok(())
+            if table.table_type == TableType::Internal as i32 {
+                internal_tables_to_clean.push(table);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // 2. No table fragments
+            assert_ne!(table.table_type, TableType::Internal as i32);
+            match fragment_manager
+                .select_table_fragments_by_table_id(&table.id.into())
+                .await
+            {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if e.is_fragment_not_found() {
+                        tracing::debug!("cleaning table_id for no fragments: {:#?}", table.id);
+                        tables_to_clean.push(table);
+                        continue;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(fragment) => {
+                    let fragment: TableFragments = fragment;
+                    // 3. For those in initial state (i.e. not running / created),
+                    // we should purge them.
+                    if fragment.state() == State::Initial {
+                        tracing::debug!("cleaning table_id no initial state: {:#?}", table.id);
+                        tables_to_clean.push(table);
+                        continue;
+                    } else {
+                        assert_eq!(table.create_type, CreateType::Background as i32);
+                        // 4. Get all the corresponding internal tables, the rest we can purge.
+                        for id in fragment.internal_table_ids() {
+                            reserved_internal_tables.insert(id);
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for t in internal_tables_to_clean {
+            if !reserved_internal_tables.contains(&t.id) {
+                tracing::debug!(
+                    "cleaning table_id for internal tables not reserved: {:#?}",
+                    t.id
+                );
+                tables_to_clean.push(t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
+        let database_core = &mut core.database;
+        let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
+        let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(tables);
+        for table in &tables_to_clean {
+            tracing::debug!("cleaning table_id: {}", table.id);
+            let table = tables.remove(table.id);
+            assert!(table.is_some())
+        }
+        commit_meta!(self, tables)?;
+
+        database_core.clear_creating_stream_jobs();
+        let user_core = &mut core.user;
+        for table in &tables_to_clean {
+            // Recovered when init database manager.
+            for relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
+                database_core.decrease_ref_count(*relation_id);
+            }
+            // Recovered when init user manager.
+            user_core.decrease_ref(table.owner);
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// This is used for both `CREATE TABLE` and `CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`.
@@ -730,17 +872,11 @@ impl CatalogManager {
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
         let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
         let database_core = &mut core.database;
-        let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(&mut database_core.tables);
-        let key = (table.database_id, table.schema_id, table.name.clone());
-        assert!(
-            !tables.contains_key(&table.id)
-                && database_core.in_progress_creation_tracker.contains(&key),
-            "table must be in creating procedure"
-        );
-        database_core.in_progress_creation_tracker.remove(&key);
-        database_core
-            .in_progress_creation_streaming_job
-            .remove(&table.id);
+        let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
+        if cfg!(not(test)) {
+            Self::assert_table_creating(tables, &table);
+        }
+        let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(tables);
 
         table.stream_job_status = PbStreamJobStatus::Created.into();
         tables.insert(table.id, table.clone());
@@ -769,23 +905,60 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         Ok(version)
     }
 
-    pub async fn cancel_create_table_procedure(&self, table: &Table) {
-        let core = &mut *self.core.lock().await;
-        let database_core = &mut core.database;
-        let user_core = &mut core.user;
-        let key = (table.database_id, table.schema_id, table.name.clone());
-        assert!(
-            !database_core.tables.contains_key(&table.id)
-                && database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&key),
-            "table must be in creating procedure"
-        );
+    /// Used to cleanup states in stream manager.
+    /// It is required because failure may not necessarily happen in barrier,
+    /// e.g. when cordon nodes.
+    /// and we still need some way to cleanup the state.
+    pub async fn cancel_create_table_procedure(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        internal_table_ids: Vec<TableId>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        let table = {
+            let core = &mut self.core.lock().await;
+            let database_core = &mut core.database;
+            let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
+            let Some(table) = tables.get(&table_id).cloned() else {
+                bail!(
+                    "table_id {} missing when attempting to cancel job",
+                    table_id
+                )
+            };
+            table
+        };
 
-        database_core.unmark_creating(&key);
-        database_core.unmark_creating_streaming_job(table.id);
-        for &dependent_relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
-            database_core.decrease_ref_count(dependent_relation_id);
+        tracing::trace!("cleanup tables for {}", table.id);
+        {
+            let core = &mut self.core.lock().await;
+            let database_core = &mut core.database;
+
+            let mut table_ids = vec![table.id];
+            table_ids.extend(internal_table_ids);
+
+            let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
+            let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(tables);
+            for table_id in table_ids {
+                tables.remove(table_id);
+            }
+            commit_meta!(self, tables)?;
+        }
+
+        {
+            let core = &mut self.core.lock().await;
+            {
+                let user_core = &mut core.user;
+                user_core.decrease_ref(table.owner);
+            }
+
+            {
+                let database_core = &mut core.database;
+                for &dependent_relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
+                    database_core.decrease_ref_count(dependent_relation_id);
+                }
+            }
         }
-        user_core.decrease_ref(table.owner);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// return id of streaming jobs in the database which need to be dropped by stream manager.
@@ -975,7 +1148,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
                             match drop_mode {
                                 DropMode::Restrict => {
                                     return Err(MetaError::permission_denied(format!(
-                                        "Fail to delete table `{}` because {} other relation(s) depend on it",
+                                        "Fail to delete index table `{}` because {} other relation(s) depend on it",
                                         index_table.name, ref_count
                                     )));
                                 }
@@ -2205,6 +2378,24 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         self.core.lock().await.database.list_tables()
     }
 
+    /// Lists table catalogs for mviews, without their internal tables.
+    pub async fn list_creating_background_mvs(&self) -> Vec<Table> {
+        self.core
+            .lock()
+            .await
+            .database
+            .list_creating_background_mvs()
+    }
+
+    /// Lists table catalogs for all tables with `stream_job_status=CREATING`.
+    pub async fn list_persisted_creating_tables(&self) -> Vec<Table> {
+        self.core
+            .lock()
+            .await
+            .database
+            .list_persisted_creating_tables()
+    }
+
     pub async fn get_all_table_options(&self) -> HashMap<TableId, TableOption> {
         self.core.lock().await.database.get_all_table_options()
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
index 611de4120a787..e02388eba4f3d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/streaming_job.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableVersionId;
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{Index, Sink, Source, Table};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{CreateType, Index, Sink, Source, Table};
 
 use crate::model::FragmentId;
 
@@ -197,4 +197,13 @@ impl StreamingJob {
             None
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn create_type(&self) -> CreateType {
+        match self {
+            Self::MaterializedView(table) => {
+                table.get_create_type().unwrap_or(CreateType::Foreground)
+            }
+            _ => CreateType::Foreground,
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs b/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
index 10fe5abe8aeaa..726bd7fcd8e73 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model/stream.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::ops::AddAssign;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
@@ -353,9 +354,12 @@ impl TableFragments {
     }
 
     /// Resolve dependent table
-    fn resolve_dependent_table(stream_node: &StreamNode, table_ids: &mut HashSet<TableId>) {
+    fn resolve_dependent_table(stream_node: &StreamNode, table_ids: &mut HashMap<TableId, usize>) {
         if let Some(NodeBody::Chain(chain)) = stream_node.node_body.as_ref() {
-            table_ids.insert(TableId::new(chain.table_id));
+            table_ids
+                .entry(TableId::new(chain.table_id))
+                .or_default()
+                .add_assign(1);
         }
 
         for child in &stream_node.input {
@@ -363,9 +367,10 @@ impl TableFragments {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns dependent table ids.
-    pub fn dependent_table_ids(&self) -> HashSet<TableId> {
-        let mut table_ids = HashSet::new();
+    /// Returns a mapping of dependent table ids of the `TableFragments`
+    /// to their corresponding count.
+    pub fn dependent_table_ids(&self) -> HashMap<TableId, usize> {
+        let mut table_ids = HashMap::new();
         self.fragments.values().for_each(|fragment| {
             let actor = &fragment.actors[0];
             Self::resolve_dependent_table(actor.nodes.as_ref().unwrap(), &mut table_ids);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
index 2202e51ca6698..04b9729c5a5b8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/ddl_controller.rs
@@ -414,6 +414,11 @@ impl DdlController {
         fragment_graph: StreamFragmentGraphProto,
         create_type: CreateType,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        tracing::debug!(
+            id = stream_job.id(),
+            definition = stream_job.definition(),
+            "starting stream job",
+        );
         let _permit = self
             .creating_streaming_job_permits
             .semaphore
@@ -423,6 +428,8 @@ impl DdlController {
         let _reschedule_job_lock = self.stream_manager.reschedule_lock.read().await;
 
         let env = StreamEnvironment::from_protobuf(fragment_graph.get_env().unwrap());
+
+        tracing::debug!(id = stream_job.id(), "preparing stream job");
         let fragment_graph = self
             .prepare_stream_job(&mut stream_job, fragment_graph)
             .await?;
@@ -432,6 +439,7 @@ impl DdlController {
 
         let mut internal_tables = vec![];
         let result = try {
+            tracing::debug!(id = stream_job.id(), "building stream job");
             let (ctx, table_fragments) = self
                 .build_stream_job(env, &stream_job, fragment_graph)
                 .await?;
@@ -455,7 +463,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         let (ctx, table_fragments) = match result {
             Ok(r) => r,
             Err(e) => {
-                self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await;
+                self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await?;
                 return Err(e);
             }
         };
@@ -467,7 +475,7 @@ impl DdlController {
             }
             CreateType::Background => {
                 let ctrl = self.clone();
-                let definition = stream_job.definition();
+                let stream_job_id = stream_job.id();
                 let fut = async move {
                     let result = ctrl
                         .create_streaming_job_inner(
@@ -478,9 +486,11 @@ impl DdlController {
                         )
                         .await;
                     match result {
-                        Err(e) => tracing::error!(definition, error = ?e, "stream_job_error"),
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::error!(id=stream_job_id, error = ?e, "finish stream job failed")
+                        }
                         Ok(_) => {
-                            tracing::info!(definition, "stream_job_ok")
+                            tracing::info!(id = stream_job_id, "finish stream job succeeded")
                         }
                     }
                 };
@@ -490,6 +500,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         }
     }
 
+    // We persist table fragments at this step.
     async fn create_streaming_job_inner(
         &self,
         stream_job: StreamingJob,
@@ -497,15 +508,29 @@ impl DdlController {
         ctx: CreateStreamingJobContext,
         internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
     ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let job_id = stream_job.id();
+        tracing::debug!(id = job_id, "creating stream job");
         let result = self
             .stream_manager
             .create_streaming_job(table_fragments, ctx)
             .await;
         if let Err(e) = result {
-            self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await;
+            match stream_job.create_type() {
+                // NOTE: This assumes that we will trigger recovery,
+                // and recover stream job progress.
+                CreateType::Background => {
+                    tracing::error!(id = stream_job.id(), error = ?e, "finish stream job failed")
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.cancel_stream_job(&stream_job, internal_tables).await?;
+                }
+            }
             return Err(e);
         };
-        self.finish_stream_job(stream_job, internal_tables).await
+        tracing::debug!(id = job_id, "finishing stream job");
+        let version = self.finish_stream_job(stream_job, internal_tables).await?;
+        tracing::debug!(id = job_id, "finished stream job");
+        Ok(version)
     }
 
     async fn drop_streaming_job(
@@ -570,6 +595,8 @@ impl DdlController {
             StreamFragmentGraph::new(fragment_graph, self.env.id_gen_manager_ref(), stream_job)
                 .await?;
 
+        let internal_tables = fragment_graph.internal_tables().into_values().collect_vec();
+
         // 2. Set the graph-related fields and freeze the `stream_job`.
         stream_job.set_table_fragment_id(fragment_graph.table_fragment_id());
         stream_job.set_dml_fragment_id(fragment_graph.dml_fragment_id());
@@ -577,7 +604,7 @@ impl DdlController {
 
         // 3. Mark current relation as "creating" and add reference count to dependent relations.
         self.catalog_manager
-            .start_create_stream_job_procedure(stream_job)
+            .start_create_stream_job_procedure(stream_job, internal_tables)
             .await?;
 
         Ok(fragment_graph)
@@ -686,6 +713,7 @@ impl DdlController {
             table_properties: stream_job.properties(),
             definition: stream_job.definition(),
             mv_table_id: stream_job.mv_table(),
+            create_type: stream_job.create_type(),
         };
 
         // 4. Mark creating tables, including internal tables and the table of the stream job.
@@ -702,17 +730,27 @@ impl DdlController {
         Ok((ctx, table_fragments))
     }
 
-    /// `cancel_stream_job` cancels a stream job and clean some states.
-    async fn cancel_stream_job(&self, stream_job: &StreamingJob, internal_tables: Vec<Table>) {
+    /// This is NOT used by `CANCEL JOBS`.
+    /// It is used internally by `DdlController` to cancel and cleanup stream job.
+    async fn cancel_stream_job(
+        &self,
+        stream_job: &StreamingJob,
+        internal_tables: Vec<Table>,
+    ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let mut creating_internal_table_ids =
             internal_tables.into_iter().map(|t| t.id).collect_vec();
         // 1. cancel create procedure.
         match stream_job {
             StreamingJob::MaterializedView(table) => {
-                creating_internal_table_ids.push(table.id);
-                self.catalog_manager
-                    .cancel_create_table_procedure(table)
+                // barrier manager will do the cleanup.
+                let result = self
+                    .catalog_manager
+                    .cancel_create_table_procedure(table.id, creating_internal_table_ids.clone())
                     .await;
+                creating_internal_table_ids.push(table.id);
+                if let Err(e) = result {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to cancel create table procedure, perhaps barrier manager has already cleaned it. Reason: {e:#?}");
+                }
             }
             StreamingJob::Sink(sink) => {
                 self.catalog_manager
@@ -720,16 +758,23 @@ impl DdlController {
                     .await;
             }
             StreamingJob::Table(source, table) => {
-                creating_internal_table_ids.push(table.id);
                 if let Some(source) = source {
                     self.catalog_manager
                         .cancel_create_table_procedure_with_source(source, table)
                         .await;
                 } else {
-                    self.catalog_manager
-                        .cancel_create_table_procedure(table)
+                    let result = self
+                        .catalog_manager
+                        .cancel_create_table_procedure(
+                            table.id,
+                            creating_internal_table_ids.clone(),
+                        )
                         .await;
+                    if let Err(e) = result {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to cancel create table procedure, perhaps barrier manager has already cleaned it. Reason: {e:#?}");
+                    }
                 }
+                creating_internal_table_ids.push(table.id);
             }
             StreamingJob::Index(index, table) => {
                 creating_internal_table_ids.push(table.id);
@@ -742,6 +787,7 @@ impl DdlController {
         self.catalog_manager
             .unmark_creating_tables(&creating_internal_table_ids, true)
             .await;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// `finish_stream_job` finishes a stream job and clean some states.
diff --git a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
index 44198f65635cb..77a784c64ac09 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/stream/stream_manager.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use futures::future::{join_all, try_join_all, BoxFuture};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::Table;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{CreateType, Table};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::update_mutation::MergeUpdate;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::Dispatcher;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_service::{
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ pub struct CreateStreamingJobContext {
     pub definition: String,
 
     pub mv_table_id: Option<u32>,
+
+    pub create_type: CreateType,
 }
 
 impl CreateStreamingJobContext {
@@ -112,22 +114,32 @@ impl CreatingStreamingJobInfo {
         jobs.remove(&job_id);
     }
 
-    async fn cancel_jobs(&self, job_ids: Vec<TableId>) -> HashMap<TableId, oneshot::Receiver<()>> {
+    async fn cancel_jobs(
+        &self,
+        job_ids: Vec<TableId>,
+    ) -> (HashMap<TableId, oneshot::Receiver<()>>, Vec<TableId>) {
         let mut jobs = self.streaming_jobs.lock().await;
         let mut receivers = HashMap::new();
+        let mut recovered_job_ids = vec![];
         for job_id in job_ids {
             if let Some(job) = jobs.get_mut(&job_id)
                 && let Some(shutdown_tx) = job.shutdown_tx.take()
             {
                 let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-                if shutdown_tx.send(CreatingState::Canceling{finish_tx: tx}).await.is_ok() {
+                if shutdown_tx.send(CreatingState::Canceling { finish_tx: tx }).await.is_ok() {
                     receivers.insert(job_id, rx);
                 } else {
                     tracing::warn!("failed to send canceling state");
                 }
+            } else {
+                // If these job ids do not exist in streaming_jobs,
+                // we can infer they either:
+                // 1. are entirely non-existent,
+                // 2. OR they are recovered streaming jobs, and managed by BarrierManager.
+                recovered_job_ids.push(job_id);
             }
         }
-        receivers
+        (receivers, recovered_job_ids)
     }
 }
 
@@ -407,7 +419,7 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
             definition,
             mv_table_id,
             internal_tables,
-            ..
+            create_type,
         }: CreateStreamingJobContext,
     ) -> MetaResult<()> {
         // Register to compaction group beforehand.
@@ -424,8 +436,10 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
             table_fragments.internal_table_ids().len() + mv_table_id.map_or(0, |_| 1)
         );
         revert_funcs.push(Box::pin(async move {
-            if let Err(e) = hummock_manager_ref.unregister_table_ids(&registered_table_ids).await {
-                tracing::warn!("Failed to unregister compaction group for {:#?}. They will be cleaned up on node restart. {:#?}", registered_table_ids, e);
+            if create_type == CreateType::Foreground {
+                if let Err(e) = hummock_manager_ref.unregister_table_ids(&registered_table_ids).await {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to unregister compaction group for {:#?}. They will be cleaned up on node restart. {:#?}", registered_table_ids, e);
+                }
             }
         }));
 
@@ -452,9 +466,11 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
             })
             .await
         {
-            self.fragment_manager
-                .drop_table_fragments_vec(&HashSet::from_iter(std::iter::once(table_id)))
-                .await?;
+            if create_type == CreateType::Foreground {
+                self.fragment_manager
+                    .drop_table_fragments_vec(&HashSet::from_iter(std::iter::once(table_id)))
+                    .await?;
+            }
             return Err(err);
         }
 
@@ -553,13 +569,18 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
     }
 
     /// Cancel streaming jobs and return the canceled table ids.
+    /// 1. Send cancel message to stream jobs (via `cancel_jobs`).
+    /// 2. Send cancel message to recovered stream jobs (via `barrier_scheduler`).
+    ///
+    /// Cleanup of their state will be cleaned up after the `CancelStreamJob` command succeeds,
+    /// by the barrier manager for both of them.
     pub async fn cancel_streaming_jobs(&self, table_ids: Vec<TableId>) -> Vec<TableId> {
         if table_ids.is_empty() {
             return vec![];
         }
 
         let _reschedule_job_lock = self.reschedule_lock.read().await;
-        let receivers = self.creating_job_info.cancel_jobs(table_ids).await;
+        let (receivers, recovered_job_ids) = self.creating_job_info.cancel_jobs(table_ids).await;
 
         let futures = receivers.into_iter().map(|(id, receiver)| async move {
             if receiver.await.is_ok() {
@@ -570,7 +591,35 @@ impl GlobalStreamManager {
                 None
             }
         });
-        join_all(futures).await.into_iter().flatten().collect_vec()
+        let mut cancelled_ids = join_all(futures).await.into_iter().flatten().collect_vec();
+
+        // NOTE(kwannoel): For recovered stream jobs, we can directly cancel them by running the barrier command,
+        // since Barrier manager manages the recovered stream jobs.
+        let futures = recovered_job_ids.into_iter().map(|id| async move {
+            let result: MetaResult<()> = try {
+                let fragment = self
+                    .fragment_manager
+                    .select_table_fragments_by_table_id(&id)
+                    .await?;
+                self.barrier_scheduler
+                    .run_command(Command::CancelStreamingJob(fragment))
+                    .await?;
+            };
+            match result {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    tracing::info!("cancelled recovered streaming job {id}");
+                    Some(id)
+                },
+                Err(_) => {
+                    tracing::error!("failed to cancel recovered streaming job {id}, does {id} correspond to any jobs in `SHOW JOBS`?");
+                    None
+                },
+            }
+        });
+        let cancelled_recovered_ids = join_all(futures).await.into_iter().flatten().collect_vec();
+
+        cancelled_ids.extend(cancelled_recovered_ids);
+        cancelled_ids
     }
 }
 
@@ -896,7 +945,7 @@ mod tests {
             };
 
             self.catalog_manager
-                .start_create_table_procedure(&table)
+                .start_create_table_procedure(&table, vec![])
                 .await?;
             self.global_stream_manager
                 .create_streaming_job(table_fragments, ctx)
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1fd5c90e59e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use risingwave_simulation::cluster::{Cluster, Configuration, KillOpts};
+use risingwave_simulation::utils::AssertResult;
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+
+async fn kill_cn_and_wait_recover(cluster: &Cluster) {
+    // Kill it again
+    for _ in 0..5 {
+        cluster
+            .kill_node(&KillOpts {
+                kill_rate: 1.0,
+                kill_meta: false,
+                kill_frontend: false,
+                kill_compute: true,
+                kill_compactor: false,
+                restart_delay_secs: 1,
+            })
+            .await;
+        sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)).await;
+    }
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
+}
+
+async fn kill_and_wait_recover(cluster: &Cluster) {
+    // Kill it again
+    for _ in 0..5 {
+        sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)).await;
+        cluster.kill_node(&KillOpts::ALL).await;
+    }
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(20)).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_background_mv_barrier_recovery() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut cluster = Cluster::start(Configuration::for_backfill()).await?;
+    let mut session = cluster.start_session();
+
+    session.run("CREATE TABLE t1 (v1 int);").await?;
+    session
+        .run("INSERT INTO t1 select * from generate_series(1, 400000)")
+        .await?;
+    session.run("flush").await?;
+    session.run("SET BACKGROUND_DDL=true;").await?;
+    session
+        .run("create materialized view m1 as select * from t1;")
+        .await?;
+
+    kill_cn_and_wait_recover(&cluster).await;
+
+    // Send some upstream updates.
+    cluster
+        .run("INSERT INTO t1 select * from generate_series(1, 100000);")
+        .await?;
+    cluster.run("flush;").await?;
+
+    kill_cn_and_wait_recover(&cluster).await;
+
+    kill_and_wait_recover(&cluster).await;
+
+    // Send some upstream updates.
+    cluster
+        .run("INSERT INTO t1 select * from generate_series(1, 100000);")
+        .await?;
+    cluster.run("flush;").await?;
+
+    // Now just wait for it to complete.
+
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
+
+    // Make sure after finished, we should have 5000_000 rows.
+    session
+        .run("SELECT COUNT(v1) FROM m1")
+        .await?
+        .assert_result_eq("600000");
+
+    session.run("DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW m1").await?;
+    session.run("DROP TABLE t1").await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/mod.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/mod.rs
index 565487e8d7dbd..2430daad760a1 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/mod.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/mod.rs
@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 mod backfill;
+mod background_ddl;
 mod nexmark_recovery;
 mod pause_on_bootstrap;

From 19643adfc5e7ccb5706b99cafe5bd756072d5966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2023 16:15:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 399/430] refactor(source): prefer `SpecificParserConfig` over
 `SourceStruct` (#12602)

---
 src/batch/src/executor/source.rs              |  5 +-
 src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs       | 11 +--
 .../src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs        | 11 +--
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               | 50 +---------
 src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs   | 36 +++-----
 src/connector/src/source/base.rs              | 63 ++++++++++++-
 .../src/source/datagen/source/generator.rs    | 28 +++---
 .../src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs       |  2 +-
 .../src/handler/alter_source_column.rs        |  3 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     | 37 ++------
 src/source/src/source_desc.rs                 | 91 +++----------------
 11 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 205 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
index 71cac6e917dc3..8bf9fc5b7e610 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/source.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::{
 };
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_source::connector_source::ConnectorSource;
-use risingwave_source::source_desc::extract_source_struct;
 
 use super::Executor;
 use crate::error::BatchError;
@@ -71,9 +70,7 @@ impl BoxedExecutorBuilder for SourceExecutor {
             .map_err(|e| RwError::from(ConnectorError(e.into())))?;
 
         let info = source_node.get_info().unwrap();
-        let source_struct = extract_source_struct(info)?;
-        let parser_config =
-            SpecificParserConfig::new(source_struct, info, &source_node.properties)?;
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(info, &source_node.properties)?;
 
         let columns: Vec<_> = source_node
             .columns
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
index d583ef83a8227..3fcfc01cd9586 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Date, Interval, ScalarImpl, Timestamptz};
     use risingwave_common::{error, try_match_expand};
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::StreamSourceInfo;
+    use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbEncodeType, PbFormatType};
     use url::Url;
 
     use super::{
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ mod test {
     use crate::parser::{
         AccessBuilderImpl, EncodingType, SourceStreamChunkBuilder, SpecificParserConfig,
     };
-    use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct};
+    use crate::source::SourceColumnDesc;
 
     fn test_data_path(file_name: &str) -> String {
         let curr_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap().into_os_string();
@@ -304,13 +305,11 @@ mod test {
         let info = StreamSourceInfo {
             row_schema_location: schema_path.clone(),
             use_schema_registry: false,
+            format: PbFormatType::Plain.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Avro.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
-            &info,
-            &HashMap::new(),
-        )?;
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &HashMap::new())?;
         AvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await
     }
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
index 23161ba635b44..bd573ad3d0525 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
@@ -151,12 +151,13 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::StreamSourceInfo;
+    use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbEncodeType, PbFormatType};
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::parser::{
         DebeziumAvroParserConfig, DebeziumParser, SourceStreamChunkBuilder, SpecificParserConfig,
     };
-    use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct};
+    use crate::source::SourceColumnDesc;
 
     const DEBEZIUM_AVRO_DATA: &[u8] = b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x06\x00\x02\xd2\x0f\x0a\x53\x61\x6c\x6c\x79\x0c\x54\x68\x6f\x6d\x61\x73\x2a\x73\x61\x6c\x6c\x79\x2e\x74\x68\x6f\x6d\x61\x73\x40\x61\x63\x6d\x65\x2e\x63\x6f\x6d\x16\x32\x2e\x31\x2e\x32\x2e\x46\x69\x6e\x61\x6c\x0a\x6d\x79\x73\x71\x6c\x12\x64\x62\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x31\xc0\xb4\xe8\xb7\xc9\x61\x00\x30\x66\x69\x72\x73\x74\x5f\x69\x6e\x5f\x64\x61\x74\x61\x5f\x63\x6f\x6c\x6c\x65\x63\x74\x69\x6f\x6e\x12\x69\x6e\x76\x65\x6e\x74\x6f\x72\x79\x00\x02\x12\x63\x75\x73\x74\x6f\x6d\x65\x72\x73\x00\x00\x20\x6d\x79\x73\x71\x6c\x2d\x62\x69\x6e\x2e\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x33\x8c\x06\x00\x00\x00\x02\x72\x02\x92\xc3\xe8\xb7\xc9\x61\x00";
 
@@ -298,13 +299,11 @@ mod tests {
         ));
         let info = StreamSourceInfo {
             row_schema_location: "http://127.0.0.1:8081".into(),
+            format: PbFormatType::Debezium.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Avro.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro),
-            &info,
-            &props,
-        )?;
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &props)?;
         let config = DebeziumAvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.clone().encoding_config).await?;
         let columns = config
             .map_to_columns()?
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index 2ff661447d1b1..c4f955492cc9a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ use self::util::get_kafka_topic;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::parser::maxwell::MaxwellParser;
 use crate::source::{
-    BoxSourceStream, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceContext, SourceContextRef,
-    SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceMeta, SourceStruct, SourceWithStateStream, SplitId,
+    extract_source_struct, BoxSourceStream, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceContext,
+    SourceContextRef, SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceMeta, SourceWithStateStream, SplitId,
     StreamChunkWithState,
 };
 
@@ -870,35 +870,9 @@ pub enum ProtocolProperties {
 }
 
 impl SpecificParserConfig {
-    pub fn get_source_struct(&self) -> SourceStruct {
-        let format = match self.protocol_config {
-            ProtocolProperties::Debezium => SourceFormat::Debezium,
-            ProtocolProperties::DebeziumMongo => SourceFormat::DebeziumMongo,
-            ProtocolProperties::Maxwell => SourceFormat::Maxwell,
-            ProtocolProperties::Canal => SourceFormat::Canal,
-            ProtocolProperties::Plain => SourceFormat::Plain,
-            ProtocolProperties::Upsert => SourceFormat::Upsert,
-            ProtocolProperties::Native => SourceFormat::Native,
-            ProtocolProperties::Unspecified => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        let encode = match self.encoding_config {
-            EncodingProperties::Avro(_) => SourceEncode::Avro,
-            EncodingProperties::Protobuf(_) => SourceEncode::Protobuf,
-            EncodingProperties::Csv(_) => SourceEncode::Csv,
-            EncodingProperties::Json(_) => SourceEncode::Json,
-            EncodingProperties::Bytes(_) => SourceEncode::Bytes,
-            EncodingProperties::Native => SourceEncode::Native,
-            EncodingProperties::Unspecified => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        SourceStruct { format, encode }
-    }
-
     // The validity of (format, encode) is ensured by `extract_format_encode`
-    pub fn new(
-        source_struct: SourceStruct,
-        info: &StreamSourceInfo,
-        props: &HashMap<String, String>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new(info: &StreamSourceInfo, props: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let source_struct = extract_source_struct(info)?;
         let format = source_struct.format;
         let encode = source_struct.encode;
         // this transformation is needed since there may be config for the protocol
@@ -1026,19 +1000,3 @@ impl SpecificParserConfig {
         })
     }
 }
-
-impl ParserConfig {
-    pub fn new(
-        source_struct: SourceStruct,
-        info: &StreamSourceInfo,
-        props: &HashMap<String, String>,
-        rw_columns: &Vec<SourceColumnDesc>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let common = CommonParserConfig {
-            rw_columns: rw_columns.to_owned(),
-        };
-        let specific = SpecificParserConfig::new(source_struct, info, props)?;
-
-        Ok(Self { common, specific })
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
index cc8dc0734bdfe..b2ee1c23bca04 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
@@ -358,13 +358,13 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, StructType};
     use risingwave_pb::catalog::StreamSourceInfo;
     use risingwave_pb::data::data_type::PbTypeName;
+    use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbEncodeType, PbFormatType};
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::parser::protobuf::recursive::all_types::{EnumType, ExampleOneof, NestedMessage};
     use crate::parser::protobuf::recursive::AllTypes;
     use crate::parser::unified::Access;
     use crate::parser::SpecificParserConfig;
-    use crate::source::{SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct};
 
     fn schema_dir() -> String {
         let dir = PathBuf::from("src/test_data");
@@ -391,13 +391,11 @@ mod test {
             proto_message_name: message_name.to_string(),
             row_schema_location: location.to_string(),
             use_schema_registry: false,
+            format: PbFormatType::Plain.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Protobuf.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-            &info,
-            &HashMap::new(),
-        )?;
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &HashMap::new())?;
         let conf = ProtobufParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
         let value = DynamicMessage::decode(conf.message_descriptor, PRE_GEN_PROTO_DATA).unwrap();
 
@@ -438,13 +436,11 @@ mod test {
             proto_message_name: message_name.to_string(),
             row_schema_location: location.to_string(),
             use_schema_registry: false,
+            format: PbFormatType::Plain.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Protobuf.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-            &info,
-            &HashMap::new(),
-        )?;
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &HashMap::new())?;
         let conf = ProtobufParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
         let columns = conf.map_to_columns().unwrap();
 
@@ -489,14 +485,11 @@ mod test {
             proto_message_name: message_name.to_string(),
             row_schema_location: location.to_string(),
             use_schema_registry: false,
+            format: PbFormatType::Plain.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Protobuf.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-            &info,
-            &HashMap::new(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &HashMap::new()).unwrap();
         let conf = ProtobufParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config)
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -518,14 +511,11 @@ mod test {
             proto_message_name: message_name.to_string(),
             row_schema_location: location.to_string(),
             use_schema_registry: false,
+            format: PbFormatType::Plain.into(),
+            row_encode: PbEncodeType::Protobuf.into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-            &info,
-            &HashMap::new(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &HashMap::new()).unwrap();
 
         ProtobufParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config)
             .await
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
index a0c0aee86592e..6a8cd12ce9fac 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/base.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorSuppressor, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::{JsonbVal, Scalar};
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSource;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbSource, PbStreamSourceInfo};
 use risingwave_pb::source::ConnectorSplit;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ConnectorClient;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
@@ -253,6 +253,67 @@ impl SourceStruct {
     }
 }
 
+// Only return valid (format, encode)
+pub fn extract_source_struct(info: &PbStreamSourceInfo) -> Result<SourceStruct> {
+    use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbEncodeType, PbFormatType, RowFormatType};
+
+    // old version meta.
+    if let Ok(format) = info.get_row_format() {
+        let (format, encode) = match format {
+            RowFormatType::Json => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::Protobuf => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
+            RowFormatType::DebeziumJson => (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::Avro => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
+            RowFormatType::Maxwell => (SourceFormat::Maxwell, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::CanalJson => (SourceFormat::Canal, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::Csv => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Csv),
+            RowFormatType::Native => (SourceFormat::Native, SourceEncode::Native),
+            RowFormatType::DebeziumAvro => (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro),
+            RowFormatType::UpsertJson => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::UpsertAvro => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Avro),
+            RowFormatType::DebeziumMongoJson => (SourceFormat::DebeziumMongo, SourceEncode::Json),
+            RowFormatType::Bytes => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Bytes),
+            RowFormatType::RowUnspecified => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        return Ok(SourceStruct::new(format, encode));
+    }
+    let source_format = info.get_format().map_err(|e| anyhow!("{e:?}"))?;
+    let source_encode = info.get_row_encode().map_err(|e| anyhow!("{e:?}"))?;
+    let (format, encode) = match (source_format, source_encode) {
+        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json),
+        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Protobuf) => {
+            (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf)
+        }
+        (PbFormatType::Debezium, PbEncodeType::Json) => {
+            (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Json)
+        }
+        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Avro) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
+        (PbFormatType::Maxwell, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Maxwell, SourceEncode::Json),
+        (PbFormatType::Canal, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Canal, SourceEncode::Json),
+        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Csv) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Csv),
+        (PbFormatType::Native, PbEncodeType::Native) => {
+            (SourceFormat::Native, SourceEncode::Native)
+        }
+        (PbFormatType::Debezium, PbEncodeType::Avro) => {
+            (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro)
+        }
+        (PbFormatType::Upsert, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Json),
+        (PbFormatType::Upsert, PbEncodeType::Avro) => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Avro),
+        (PbFormatType::DebeziumMongo, PbEncodeType::Json) => {
+            (SourceFormat::DebeziumMongo, SourceEncode::Json)
+        }
+        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Bytes) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Bytes),
+        (format, encode) => {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "Unsupported combination of format {:?} and encode {:?}",
+                format,
+                encode
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(SourceStruct::new(format, encode))
+}
+
 pub type BoxSourceStream = BoxStream<'static, Result<Vec<SourceMessage>>>;
 
 pub trait SourceWithStateStream =
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/generator.rs b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/generator.rs
index c073403a7565d..3e42b07ce4422 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/generator.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/generator.rs
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 
-use crate::source::{
-    SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceMessage, SourceMeta, SourceStruct, SplitId,
-    StreamChunkWithState,
-};
+use crate::parser::{EncodingProperties, ProtocolProperties, SpecificParserConfig};
+use crate::source::{SourceMessage, SourceMeta, SplitId, StreamChunkWithState};
 
 pub enum FieldDesc {
     // field is invisible, generate None
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct DatagenEventGenerator {
     // fields_map: HashMap<String, FieldGeneratorImpl>,
     field_names: Vec<String>,
     fields_vec: Vec<FieldDesc>,
-    source_struct: SourceStruct,
+    source_format: SpecificParserConfig,
     data_types: Vec<DataType>,
     offset: u64,
     split_id: SplitId,
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ impl DatagenEventGenerator {
     pub fn new(
         fields_vec: Vec<FieldDesc>,
         field_names: Vec<String>,
-        source_struct: SourceStruct,
+        source_format: SpecificParserConfig,
         data_types: Vec<DataType>,
         rows_per_second: u64,
         offset: u64,
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ impl DatagenEventGenerator {
         Ok(Self {
             field_names,
             fields_vec,
-            source_struct,
+            source_format,
             data_types,
             offset,
             split_id,
@@ -96,8 +94,11 @@ impl DatagenEventGenerator {
                 );
                 let mut msgs = Vec::with_capacity(num_rows_to_generate as usize);
                 'outer: for _ in 0..num_rows_to_generate {
-                    let payload = match (self.source_struct.format, self.source_struct.encode) {
-                        (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json) => {
+                    let payload = match (
+                        &self.source_format.protocol_config,
+                        &self.source_format.encoding_config,
+                    ) {
+                        (ProtocolProperties::Plain, EncodingProperties::Json(_)) => {
                             let mut map = serde_json::Map::with_capacity(self.fields_vec.len());
                             for (name, field_generator) in self
                                 .field_names
@@ -225,7 +226,6 @@ mod tests {
     use futures::stream::StreamExt;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::source::SourceEncode;
 
     async fn check_sequence_partition_result(
         split_num: u64,
@@ -266,7 +266,13 @@ mod tests {
         let generator = DatagenEventGenerator::new(
             fields_vec,
             vec!["c1".to_owned(), "c2".to_owned()],
-            SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json),
+            SpecificParserConfig {
+                protocol_config: ProtocolProperties::Plain,
+                encoding_config: EncodingProperties::Json(crate::parser::JsonProperties {
+                    use_schema_registry: false,
+                }),
+                key_encoding_config: None,
+            },
             data_types,
             rows_per_second,
             0,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
index 3840b0e1f5dbc..bd9f74ee3aa9a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/source/datagen/source/reader.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl SplitReader for DatagenSplitReader {
         let generator = DatagenEventGenerator::new(
             fields_vec,
             field_names,
-            parser_config.specific.get_source_struct(),
+            parser_config.specific.clone(),
             data_types,
             rows_per_second,
             events_so_far,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
index 6e13a16185bf2..385a1010b50c9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/alter_source_column.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnId;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_connector::source::{SourceEncode, SourceStruct};
-use risingwave_source::source_desc::extract_source_struct;
+use risingwave_connector::source::{extract_source_struct, SourceEncode, SourceStruct};
 use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
     AlterSourceOperation, ColumnDef, CreateSourceStatement, ObjectName, Statement,
 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index d585caf70a920..bb02553e2cd9c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::datagen::DATAGEN_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::nexmark::source::{get_event_data_types_with_names, EventType};
 use risingwave_connector::source::test_source::TEST_CONNECTOR;
 use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceStruct, GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR, KAFKA_CONNECTOR,
-    KINESIS_CONNECTOR, NATS_CONNECTOR, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR, PULSAR_CONNECTOR, S3_CONNECTOR,
-    S3_V2_CONNECTOR,
+    GOOGLE_PUBSUB_CONNECTOR, KAFKA_CONNECTOR, KINESIS_CONNECTOR, NATS_CONNECTOR, NEXMARK_CONNECTOR,
+    PULSAR_CONNECTOR, S3_CONNECTOR, S3_V2_CONNECTOR,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, PbSource, StreamSourceInfo, WatermarkDesc,
@@ -99,11 +98,7 @@ async fn extract_avro_table_schema(
     info: &StreamSourceInfo,
     with_properties: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<ColumnCatalog>> {
-    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-        SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        info,
-        with_properties,
-    )?;
+    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(info, with_properties)?;
     let conf = AvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
     let vec_column_desc = conf.map_to_columns()?;
     Ok(vec_column_desc
@@ -120,11 +115,7 @@ async fn extract_upsert_avro_table_schema(
     info: &StreamSourceInfo,
     with_properties: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<(Vec<ColumnCatalog>, Vec<String>)> {
-    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-        SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        info,
-        with_properties,
-    )?;
+    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(info, with_properties)?;
     let conf = AvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
     let vec_column_desc = conf.map_to_columns()?;
     let mut vec_column_catalog = vec_column_desc
@@ -164,11 +155,7 @@ async fn extract_debezium_avro_table_pk_columns(
     info: &StreamSourceInfo,
     with_properties: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-        SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        info,
-        with_properties,
-    )?;
+    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(info, with_properties)?;
     let conf = DebeziumAvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
     Ok(conf.extract_pks()?.drain(..).map(|c| c.name).collect())
 }
@@ -178,11 +165,7 @@ async fn extract_debezium_avro_table_schema(
     info: &StreamSourceInfo,
     with_properties: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<ColumnCatalog>> {
-    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-        SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        info,
-        with_properties,
-    )?;
+    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(info, with_properties)?;
     let conf = DebeziumAvroParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
     let vec_column_desc = conf.map_to_columns()?;
     let column_catalog = vec_column_desc
@@ -204,13 +187,11 @@ async fn extract_protobuf_table_schema(
         proto_message_name: schema.message_name.0.clone(),
         row_schema_location: schema.row_schema_location.0.clone(),
         use_schema_registry: schema.use_schema_registry,
+        format: FormatType::Plain.into(),
+        row_encode: EncodeType::Protobuf.into(),
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(
-        SourceStruct::new(SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-        &info,
-        &with_properties,
-    )?;
+    let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&info, &with_properties)?;
     let conf = ProtobufParserConfig::new(parser_config.encoding_config).await?;
 
     let column_descs = conf.map_to_columns()?;
diff --git a/src/source/src/source_desc.rs b/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
index bf28c00e42f1f..161bbc41ceb63 100644
--- a/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/source_desc.rs
@@ -18,15 +18,12 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::ColumnDesc;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
-use risingwave_connector::parser::SpecificParserConfig;
+use risingwave_connector::parser::{EncodingProperties, ProtocolProperties, SpecificParserConfig};
 use risingwave_connector::source::monitor::SourceMetrics;
-use risingwave_connector::source::{
-    ConnectorProperties, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceEncode, SourceFormat,
-    SourceStruct,
-};
+use risingwave_connector::source::{ConnectorProperties, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType};
 use risingwave_connector::ConnectorParams;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbStreamSourceInfo;
-use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{PbColumnCatalog, PbEncodeType, PbFormatType, RowFormatType};
+use risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnCatalog;
 
 use crate::connector_source::ConnectorSource;
 use crate::fs_connector_source::FsConnectorSource;
@@ -37,7 +34,6 @@ pub const DEFAULT_CONNECTOR_MESSAGE_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 16;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SourceDesc {
     pub source: ConnectorSource,
-    pub source_struct: SourceStruct,
     pub columns: Vec<SourceColumnDesc>,
     pub metrics: Arc<SourceMetrics>,
 
@@ -48,7 +44,6 @@ pub struct SourceDesc {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FsSourceDesc {
     pub source: FsConnectorSource,
-    pub source_struct: SourceStruct,
     pub columns: Vec<SourceColumnDesc>,
     pub metrics: Arc<SourceMetrics>,
 }
@@ -107,9 +102,7 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
     pub fn build(mut self) -> Result<SourceDesc> {
         let columns = self.column_catalogs_to_source_column_descs();
 
-        let source_struct = extract_source_struct(&self.source_info)?;
-        let psrser_config =
-            SpecificParserConfig::new(source_struct, &self.source_info, &self.properties)?;
+        let psrser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&self.source_info, &self.properties)?;
 
         let is_new_fs_source = ConnectorProperties::is_new_fs_connector_hash_map(&self.properties);
         if is_new_fs_source {
@@ -126,7 +119,6 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
 
         Ok(SourceDesc {
             source,
-            source_struct,
             columns,
             metrics: self.metrics,
             is_new_fs_source,
@@ -138,9 +130,16 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
     }
 
     pub fn build_fs_source_desc(&self) -> Result<FsSourceDesc> {
-        let source_struct = extract_source_struct(&self.source_info)?;
-        match (source_struct.format, source_struct.encode) {
-            (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Csv | SourceEncode::Json) => {}
+        let parser_config = SpecificParserConfig::new(&self.source_info, &self.properties)?;
+
+        match (
+            &parser_config.protocol_config,
+            &parser_config.encoding_config,
+        ) {
+            (
+                ProtocolProperties::Plain,
+                EncodingProperties::Csv(_) | EncodingProperties::Json(_),
+            ) => {}
             (format, encode) => {
                 return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
                     "Unsupported combination of format {:?} and encode {:?}",
@@ -151,9 +150,6 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
 
         let columns = self.column_catalogs_to_source_column_descs();
 
-        let parser_config =
-            SpecificParserConfig::new(source_struct, &self.source_info, &self.properties)?;
-
         let source = FsConnectorSource::new(
             self.properties.clone(),
             columns.clone(),
@@ -166,71 +162,12 @@ impl SourceDescBuilder {
 
         Ok(FsSourceDesc {
             source,
-            source_struct,
             columns,
             metrics: self.metrics.clone(),
         })
     }
 }
 
-// Only return valid (format, encode)
-pub fn extract_source_struct(info: &PbStreamSourceInfo) -> Result<SourceStruct> {
-    // old version meta.
-    if let Ok(format) = info.get_row_format() {
-        let (format, encode) = match format {
-            RowFormatType::Json => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::Protobuf => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf),
-            RowFormatType::DebeziumJson => (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::Avro => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
-            RowFormatType::Maxwell => (SourceFormat::Maxwell, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::CanalJson => (SourceFormat::Canal, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::Csv => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Csv),
-            RowFormatType::Native => (SourceFormat::Native, SourceEncode::Native),
-            RowFormatType::DebeziumAvro => (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro),
-            RowFormatType::UpsertJson => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::UpsertAvro => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Avro),
-            RowFormatType::DebeziumMongoJson => (SourceFormat::DebeziumMongo, SourceEncode::Json),
-            RowFormatType::Bytes => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Bytes),
-            RowFormatType::RowUnspecified => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        return Ok(SourceStruct::new(format, encode));
-    }
-    let source_format = info.get_format()?;
-    let source_encode = info.get_row_encode()?;
-    let (format, encode) = match (source_format, source_encode) {
-        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Json),
-        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Protobuf) => {
-            (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Protobuf)
-        }
-        (PbFormatType::Debezium, PbEncodeType::Json) => {
-            (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Json)
-        }
-        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Avro) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        (PbFormatType::Maxwell, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Maxwell, SourceEncode::Json),
-        (PbFormatType::Canal, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Canal, SourceEncode::Json),
-        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Csv) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Csv),
-        (PbFormatType::Native, PbEncodeType::Native) => {
-            (SourceFormat::Native, SourceEncode::Native)
-        }
-        (PbFormatType::Debezium, PbEncodeType::Avro) => {
-            (SourceFormat::Debezium, SourceEncode::Avro)
-        }
-        (PbFormatType::Upsert, PbEncodeType::Json) => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Json),
-        (PbFormatType::Upsert, PbEncodeType::Avro) => (SourceFormat::Upsert, SourceEncode::Avro),
-        (PbFormatType::DebeziumMongo, PbEncodeType::Json) => {
-            (SourceFormat::DebeziumMongo, SourceEncode::Json)
-        }
-        (PbFormatType::Plain, PbEncodeType::Bytes) => (SourceFormat::Plain, SourceEncode::Bytes),
-        (format, encode) => {
-            return Err(RwError::from(ProtocolError(format!(
-                "Unsupported combination of format {:?} and encode {:?}",
-                format, encode
-            ))));
-        }
-    };
-    Ok(SourceStruct::new(format, encode))
-}
-
 pub mod test_utils {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 

From 156c52e6e782c10fbb98a2907bac7295f1e0bbee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zwang28 <70626450+zwang28@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 10:12:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 400/430] feat(ctl): support for compaction score query
 (#12966)

---
 proto/hummock.proto                           |  16 ++
 src/cmd/src/lib.rs                            |   4 +
 .../src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs  |  31 ++++
 src/ctl/src/lib.rs                            |   9 +
 src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs       |  24 +++
 .../compaction/selector/level_selector.rs     |  25 ++-
 .../src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs    |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction.rs    |  27 +++
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |  11 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs             |  13 ++
 src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs    |   3 -
 src/storage/src/write_batch.rs                | 156 ------------------
 12 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/storage/src/write_batch.rs

diff --git a/proto/hummock.proto b/proto/hummock.proto
index 1b557ca5fb31b..ee7d532974ff3 100644
--- a/proto/hummock.proto
+++ b/proto/hummock.proto
@@ -685,6 +685,21 @@ message RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest {}
 
 message RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse {}
 
+message GetCompactionScoreRequest {
+  uint64 compaction_group_id = 1;
+}
+
+message GetCompactionScoreResponse {
+  message PickerInfo {
+    uint64 score = 1;
+    uint64 select_level = 2;
+    uint64 target_level = 3;
+    string picker_type = 4;
+  }
+  uint64 compaction_group_id = 1;
+  repeated PickerInfo scores = 2;
+}
+
 service HummockManagerService {
   rpc UnpinVersionBefore(UnpinVersionBeforeRequest) returns (UnpinVersionBeforeResponse);
   rpc GetCurrentVersion(GetCurrentVersionRequest) returns (GetCurrentVersionResponse);
@@ -720,6 +735,7 @@ service HummockManagerService {
   rpc ListBranchedObject(ListBranchedObjectRequest) returns (ListBranchedObjectResponse);
   rpc ListActiveWriteLimit(ListActiveWriteLimitRequest) returns (ListActiveWriteLimitResponse);
   rpc ListHummockMetaConfig(ListHummockMetaConfigRequest) returns (ListHummockMetaConfigResponse);
+  rpc GetCompactionScore(GetCompactionScoreRequest) returns (GetCompactionScoreResponse);
 }
 
 message CompactionConfig {
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
index 8d3629eaf657f..12de26657bd33 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 // Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -72,5 +73,8 @@ pub fn ctl(opts: CtlOpts) {
         .build()
         .unwrap()
         .block_on(risingwave_ctl::start(opts))
+        .inspect_err(|e| {
+            eprintln!("{:#?}", e);
+        })
         .unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
index 7ba2f4db6429c..d4101a7a958db 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/hummock/compaction_group.rs
@@ -229,3 +229,34 @@ pub async fn list_compaction_status(context: &CtlContext, verbose: bool) -> anyh
     }
     Ok(())
 }
+
+pub async fn get_compaction_score(
+    context: &CtlContext,
+    id: CompactionGroupId,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let meta_client = context.meta_client().await?;
+    let scores = meta_client.get_compaction_score(id).await?;
+    let mut table = Table::new();
+    table.set_header({
+        let mut row = Row::new();
+        row.add_cell("Select Level".into());
+        row.add_cell("Target Level".into());
+        row.add_cell("Type".into());
+        row.add_cell("Score".into());
+        row
+    });
+    for s in scores.into_iter().sorted_by(|a, b| {
+        a.select_level
+            .cmp(&b.select_level)
+            .then_with(|| a.target_level.cmp(&b.target_level))
+    }) {
+        let mut row = Row::new();
+        row.add_cell(s.select_level.into());
+        row.add_cell(s.target_level.into());
+        row.add_cell(s.picker_type.into());
+        row.add_cell(s.score.into());
+        table.add_row(row);
+    }
+    println!("{table}");
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
index bfb5f0571a26d..cedcf4922e404 100644
--- a/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/ctl/src/lib.rs
@@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ enum HummockCommands {
         #[clap(short, long = "verbose", default_value_t = false)]
         verbose: bool,
     },
+    GetCompactionScore {
+        #[clap(long)]
+        compaction_group_id: u64,
+    },
     /// Validate the current HummockVersion.
     ValidateVersion,
     /// Rebuild table stats
@@ -608,6 +612,11 @@ pub async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
         Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListCompactionStatus { verbose }) => {
             cmd_impl::hummock::list_compaction_status(context, verbose).await?;
         }
+        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::GetCompactionScore {
+            compaction_group_id,
+        }) => {
+            cmd_impl::hummock::get_compaction_score(context, compaction_group_id).await?;
+        }
         Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ValidateVersion) => {
             cmd_impl::hummock::validate_version(context).await?;
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
index 56bb78f19249f..ebda1dd6e8be6 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/hummock_service.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{TableId, NON_RESERVED_SYS_CATALOG_ID};
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::get_compaction_score_response::PickerInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_manager_service_server::HummockManagerService;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::Event as RequestEvent;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::version_update_payload::Payload;
@@ -602,6 +603,29 @@ impl HummockManagerService for HummockServiceImpl {
         self.hummock_manager.rebuild_table_stats().await?;
         Ok(Response::new(RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse {}))
     }
+
+    async fn get_compaction_score(
+        &self,
+        request: Request<GetCompactionScoreRequest>,
+    ) -> Result<Response<GetCompactionScoreResponse>, Status> {
+        let compaction_group_id = request.into_inner().compaction_group_id;
+        let scores = self
+            .hummock_manager
+            .get_compaction_scores(compaction_group_id)
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|s| PickerInfo {
+                score: s.score,
+                select_level: s.select_level as _,
+                target_level: s.target_level as _,
+                picker_type: s.picker_type.to_string(),
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(Response::new(GetCompactionScoreResponse {
+            compaction_group_id,
+            scores,
+        }))
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
index 3c3e3bdba9c52..7c57b2ecf00d4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/level_selector.rs
@@ -48,12 +48,23 @@ pub enum PickerType {
     BottomLevel,
 }
 
+impl ToString for PickerType {
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            PickerType::Tier => String::from("Tier"),
+            PickerType::Intra => String::from("Intra"),
+            PickerType::ToBase => String::from("ToBase"),
+            PickerType::BottomLevel => String::from("BottomLevel"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct PickerInfo {
-    score: u64,
-    select_level: usize,
-    target_level: usize,
-    picker_type: PickerType,
+    pub score: u64,
+    pub select_level: usize,
+    pub target_level: usize,
+    pub picker_type: PickerType,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
@@ -178,7 +189,11 @@ impl DynamicLevelSelectorCore {
         ctx
     }
 
-    fn get_priority_levels(&self, levels: &Levels, handlers: &[LevelHandler]) -> SelectContext {
+    pub(crate) fn get_priority_levels(
+        &self,
+        levels: &Levels,
+        handlers: &[LevelHandler],
+    ) -> SelectContext {
         let mut ctx = self.calculate_level_base_size(levels);
 
         let idle_file_count = levels
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
index 48d237eb5cf2f..ef640b5e611ab 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/compaction/selector/mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
 
 mod emergency_selector;
-mod level_selector;
+pub(crate) mod level_selector;
 mod manual_selector;
 mod space_reclaim_selector;
 mod tombstone_compaction_selector;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction.rs
index db34da26e62fd..3701daaa4c6ee 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/compaction.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{CompactionGroupId, HummockCompactionTaskId};
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::{CompactStatus as PbCompactStatus, CompactTaskAssignment};
 
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::level_selector::PickerInfo;
+use crate::hummock::compaction::selector::DynamicLevelSelectorCore;
 use crate::hummock::compaction::CompactStatus;
 use crate::hummock::manager::read_lock;
 use crate::hummock::HummockManager;
@@ -71,4 +73,29 @@ impl HummockManager {
                 .collect(),
         )
     }
+
+    #[named]
+    pub async fn get_compaction_scores(
+        &self,
+        compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
+    ) -> Vec<PickerInfo> {
+        let (status, levels, config) = {
+            let compaction = read_lock!(self, compaction).await;
+            let versioning = read_lock!(self, versioning).await;
+            let config_manager = self.compaction_group_manager.read().await;
+            match (
+                compaction.compaction_statuses.get(&compaction_group_id),
+                versioning.current_version.levels.get(&compaction_group_id),
+                config_manager.try_get_compaction_group_config(compaction_group_id),
+            ) {
+                (Some(cs), Some(v), Some(cf)) => (cs.to_owned(), v.to_owned(), cf),
+                _ => {
+                    return vec![];
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let dynamic_level_core = DynamicLevelSelectorCore::new(config.compaction_config);
+        let ctx = dynamic_level_core.get_priority_levels(&levels, &status.level_handlers);
+        ctx.score_levels
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index d07337ca47e2b..2b0c3e3db87dc 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -117,14 +117,13 @@ pub struct HummockManager {
     catalog_manager: CatalogManagerRef,
 
     fragment_manager: FragmentManagerRef,
-    // `CompactionGroupManager` manages `CompactionGroup`'s members.
-    // Note that all hummock state store user should register to `CompactionGroupManager`. It
-    // includes all state tables of streaming jobs except sink.
-    compaction_group_manager: tokio::sync::RwLock<CompactionGroupManager>,
-    // When trying to locks compaction and versioning at the same time, compaction lock should
-    // be requested before versioning lock.
+    /// Lock order: compaction, versioning, compaction_group_manager.
+    /// - Lock compaction first, then versioning, and finally compaction_group_manager.
+    /// - This order should be strictly followed to prevent deadlock.
     compaction: MonitoredRwLock<Compaction>,
     versioning: MonitoredRwLock<Versioning>,
+    /// `CompactionGroupManager` manages compaction configs for compaction groups.
+    compaction_group_manager: tokio::sync::RwLock<CompactionGroupManager>,
     latest_snapshot: Snapshot,
 
     pub metrics: Arc<MetaMetrics>,
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
index 73664b6540a45..827860d1af7b3 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/meta_client.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::alter_relation_name_request::Relation;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::ddl_service_client::DdlServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::drop_table_request::SourceId;
 use risingwave_pb::ddl_service::*;
+use risingwave_pb::hummock::get_compaction_score_response::PickerInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::hummock_manager_service_client::HummockManagerServiceClient;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::rise_ctl_update_compaction_config_request::mutable_config::MutableConfig;
 use risingwave_pb::hummock::subscribe_compaction_event_request::Register;
@@ -1045,6 +1046,17 @@ impl MetaClient {
         ))
     }
 
+    pub async fn get_compaction_score(
+        &self,
+        compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<PickerInfo>> {
+        let req = GetCompactionScoreRequest {
+            compaction_group_id,
+        };
+        let resp = self.inner.get_compaction_score(req).await?;
+        Ok(resp.scores)
+    }
+
     pub async fn risectl_rebuild_table_stats(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let req = RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest {};
         let _resp = self.inner.rise_ctl_rebuild_table_stats(req).await?;
@@ -1734,6 +1746,7 @@ macro_rules! for_all_meta_rpc {
             ,{ hummock_client, init_metadata_for_replay, InitMetadataForReplayRequest, InitMetadataForReplayResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, split_compaction_group, SplitCompactionGroupRequest, SplitCompactionGroupResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_list_compaction_status, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusRequest, RiseCtlListCompactionStatusResponse }
+            ,{ hummock_client, get_compaction_score, GetCompactionScoreRequest, GetCompactionScoreResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, rise_ctl_rebuild_table_stats, RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsRequest, RiseCtlRebuildTableStatsResponse }
             ,{ hummock_client, subscribe_compaction_event, impl tonic::IntoStreamingRequest<Message = SubscribeCompactionEventRequest>, Streaming<SubscribeCompactionEventResponse> }
             ,{ hummock_client, list_branched_object, ListBranchedObjectRequest, ListBranchedObjectResponse }
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
index 99af1e281cfe6..0cf7c2fd850a7 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/sstable/builder.rs
@@ -364,9 +364,6 @@ impl<W: SstableWriter, F: FilterBuilder> SstableBuilder<W, F> {
 
     /// Finish building sst.
     ///
-    /// Unlike most LSM-Tree implementations, sstable meta and data are encoded separately.
-    /// Both meta and data has its own object (file).
-    ///
     /// # Format
     ///
     /// data:
diff --git a/src/storage/src/write_batch.rs b/src/storage/src/write_batch.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index dc143f4a93855..0000000000000
--- a/src/storage/src/write_batch.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::ops::Bound;
-
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use risingwave_hummock_sdk::key::next_key;
-
-use crate::error::StorageResult;
-use crate::hummock::HummockError;
-use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
-use crate::store::{StateStoreWrite, WriteOptions};
-
-/// [`WriteBatch`] wraps a list of key-value pairs and an associated [`crate::StateStore`].
-pub struct WriteBatch<'a, S: StateStoreWrite> {
-    store: &'a S,
-
-    batch: Vec<(Bytes, StorageValue)>,
-
-    delete_ranges: Vec<(Bound<Bytes>, Bound<Bytes>)>,
-
-    write_options: WriteOptions,
-}
-
-impl<'a, S: StateStoreWrite> WriteBatch<'a, S> {
-    /// Constructs a new, empty [`WriteBatch`] with the given `store`.
-    pub fn new(store: &'a S, write_options: WriteOptions) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            store,
-            batch: vec![],
-            delete_ranges: vec![],
-            write_options,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Constructs a new, empty [`WriteBatch`] with the given `store` and specified capacity.
-    pub fn with_capacity(store: &'a S, capacity: usize, write_options: WriteOptions) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            store,
-            batch: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
-            delete_ranges: vec![],
-            write_options,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Puts a value.
-    pub fn put(&mut self, key: impl AsRef<[u8]>, value: StorageValue) {
-        self.do_push(key.as_ref(), value);
-    }
-
-    /// Deletes a value.
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, key: impl AsRef<[u8]>) {
-        self.do_push(key.as_ref(), StorageValue::new_delete());
-    }
-
-    /// Delete all keys starting with `prefix`.
-    pub fn delete_prefix(&mut self, prefix: impl AsRef<[u8]>) {
-        let start_key = Bytes::from(prefix.as_ref().to_owned());
-        let end_key = Bytes::from(next_key(&start_key));
-        self.delete_ranges
-            .push((Bound::Included(start_key), Bound::Excluded(end_key)));
-    }
-
-    /// Delete all keys in this range.
-    pub fn delete_range(&mut self, start: Bound<impl AsRef<[u8]>>, end: Bound<impl AsRef<[u8]>>) {
-        self.delete_ranges.push((
-            start.map(|start| Bytes::from(start.as_ref().to_owned())),
-            end.map(|end| Bytes::from(end.as_ref().to_owned())),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    /// Reserves capacity for at least `additional` more key-value pairs to be inserted in the
-    /// batch.
-    pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
-        self.batch.reserve(additional);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of key-value pairs in the batch.
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.batch.len()
-    }
-
-    /// Preprocesses the batch to make it sorted. It returns `false` if duplicate keys are found.
-    fn preprocess(&mut self) -> StorageResult<()> {
-        let original_length = self.batch.len();
-        self.batch.sort_by(|(k1, _), (k2, _)| k1.cmp(k2));
-        self.batch.dedup_by(|(k1, _), (k2, _)| k1 == k2);
-
-        if original_length == self.batch.len() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(HummockError::invalid_write_batch().into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the batch contains no key-value pairs.
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.batch.is_empty() && self.delete_ranges.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    /// Ingests this batch into the associated state store.
-    pub async fn ingest(mut self) -> StorageResult<()> {
-        if !self.is_empty() {
-            self.preprocess()?;
-            self.store
-                .ingest_batch(self.batch, self.delete_ranges, self.write_options)
-                .await?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Pushes `key` and `value` into the `WriteBatch`.
-    fn do_push(&mut self, key: &[u8], value: StorageValue) {
-        let key = Bytes::from(key.to_vec());
-        self.batch.push((key, value));
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use bytes::Bytes;
-
-    use crate::memory::MemoryStateStore;
-    use crate::storage_value::StorageValue;
-    use crate::store::{StateStoreWrite, WriteOptions};
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_invalid_write_batch() {
-        let state_store = MemoryStateStore::new();
-        let mut batch = state_store.start_write_batch(WriteOptions {
-            epoch: 1,
-            table_id: Default::default(),
-        });
-
-        batch.put(Bytes::from("aa"), StorageValue::new_put("444"));
-        batch.put(Bytes::from("cc"), StorageValue::new_put("444"));
-        batch.put(Bytes::from("bb"), StorageValue::new_put("444"));
-        batch.delete(Bytes::from("aa"));
-
-        batch
-            .ingest()
-            .await
-            .expect_err("Should panic here because of duplicate key.");
-    }
-}

From a5104215f3b9be1ee2b0d5a877f4b4104a9a1c7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: StrikeW <wangsiyuanse@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 11:33:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 401/430] chore: remove the `-ea` from jvm options (#12993)

---
 src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
index e60c17c6ec930..bd1f068b6eaee 100644
--- a/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
+++ b/src/jni_core/src/jvm_runtime.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ impl JavaVmWrapper {
         let args_builder = InitArgsBuilder::new()
             // Pass the JNI API version (default is 8)
             .version(JNIVersion::V8)
-            .option("-ea")
             .option("-Dis_embedded_connector=true")
             .option(format!("-Djava.class.path={}", class_vec.join(":")))
             .option("-Xms16m")

From 848bddab955b483d452f40c349c60f782f64f3a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xinhao Xu <84456268+xxhZs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 12:09:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 402/430] feat(Sink): support redis sink (#11999)

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |  15 +
 integration_tests/redis-sink/README.md        |  30 ++
 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_mv.sql    |   7 +
 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql  |  21 +
 .../redis-sink/create_source.sql              |  16 +
 .../redis-sink/docker-compose.yml             |  71 ++++
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |   2 +
 src/connector/src/common.rs                   |  62 ---
 src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs          |  38 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs               |  33 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs         |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs    |  69 ++++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs       |  50 +++
 src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs                 |   9 +
 src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs               | 389 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |   4 +-
 16 files changed, 731 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/redis-sink/README.md
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_mv.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_source.sql
 create mode 100644 integration_tests/redis-sink/docker-compose.yml
 create mode 100644 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 47e8d5f09c30d..b2875296b683a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1816,7 +1816,11 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "35ed6e9d84f0b51a7f52daf1c7d71dd136fd7a3f41a8462b8cdb8c78d920fad4"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
  "memchr",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6631,12 +6635,19 @@ version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4f49cdc0bb3f412bf8e7d1bd90fe1d9eb10bc5c399ba90973c14662a27b3f8ba"
 dependencies = [
+ "async-std",
+ "async-trait",
+ "bytes",
  "combine",
+ "futures-util",
  "itoa",
  "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "ryu",
  "sha1_smol",
  "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
  "url",
 ]
 
@@ -7294,6 +7305,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "protobuf-native",
  "pulsar",
  "rand",
+ "redis",
+ "regex",
  "reqwest",
  "risingwave_common",
  "risingwave_jni_core",
@@ -10931,6 +10944,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.8.3",
  "allocator-api2",
  "anyhow",
+ "async-std",
  "auto_enums",
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
@@ -11006,6 +11020,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
  "rand_core",
+ "redis",
  "regex",
  "regex-automata 0.4.1",
  "regex-syntax 0.8.0",
diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/README.md b/integration_tests/redis-sink/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f2e5e64aec795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Demo: Sinking to Redis
+
+In this demo, we want to showcase how RisingWave is able to sink data to Redis.
+
+1. Launch the cluster:
+
+```sh
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+The cluster contains a RisingWave cluster and its necessary dependencies, a datagen that generates the data, a Redis for sink.
+
+
+2. Execute the SQL queries in sequence:
+
+- create_source.sql
+- create_mv.sql
+- create_sink.sql
+
+3. Execute a simple query:
+
+```sh
+docker compose exec redis redis-ctl keys *
+
+```
+We also can use 'get' to query value
+
+```sql
+select user_id, count(*) from default.demo_test group by user_id
+```
diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_mv.sql b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_mv.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a803f8a2762d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_mv.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW bhv_mv AS
+SELECT
+    user_id,
+    target_id,
+    event_timestamp
+FROM
+    user_behaviors;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..03bfc2d0b0df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+CREATE SINK bhv_redis_sink_1
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    primary_key = 'user_id',
+    connector = 'redis',
+    type = 'append-only',
+    force_append_only='true',
+    redis.url= 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/',
+);
+
+CREATE SINK bhv_redis_sink_2
+FROM
+    bhv_mv WITH (
+    primary_key = 'user_id',
+    connector = 'redis',
+    type = 'append-only',
+    force_append_only='true',
+    redis.url= 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/',
+    redis.keyformat='user_id:{user_id}',
+    redis.valueformat='username:{username},event_timestamp{event_timestamp}'
+);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_source.sql b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_source.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f64e2ccbec82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_source.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+CREATE table user_behaviors (
+    user_id INT,
+    target_id VARCHAR,
+    target_type VARCHAR,
+    event_timestamp TIMESTAMP,
+    behavior_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_type VARCHAR,
+    parent_target_id VARCHAR,
+    PRIMARY KEY(user_id)
+) WITH (
+    connector = 'datagen',
+    fields.user_id.kind = 'sequence',
+    fields.user_id.start = 1,
+    fields.user_id.end = 100,
+    datagen.rows.per.second = '100'
+) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/docker-compose.yml b/integration_tests/redis-sink/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a850f9b35c431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+version: "3"
+services:
+  redis:
+    image: 'redis:latest'
+    expose:
+      - 6379
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 30s
+      retries: 50
+  compactor-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compactor-0
+  compute-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: compute-node-0
+  etcd-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: etcd-0
+  frontend-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: frontend-node-0
+  grafana-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: grafana-0
+  meta-node-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: meta-node-0
+  minio-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: minio-0
+  prometheus-0:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: prometheus-0
+  message_queue:
+    extends:
+      file: ../../docker/docker-compose.yml
+      service: message_queue
+  datagen:
+    build: ../datagen
+    depends_on: [message_queue]
+    command:
+      - /bin/sh
+      - -c
+      - /datagen --mode clickstream --qps 2 kafka --brokers message_queue:29092
+    restart: always
+    container_name: datagen
+volumes:
+  compute-node-0:
+    external: false
+  etcd-0:
+    external: false
+  grafana-0:
+    external: false
+  minio-0:
+    external: false
+  prometheus-0:
+    external: false
+  message_queue:
+    external: false
+name: risingwave-compose
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index abb7486de3091..4886b1b52fcc5 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ rdkafka = { workspace = true, features = [
     "gssapi",
     "zstd",
 ] }
+redis = { version = "0.23.3", features = ["aio","tokio-comp","async-std-comp"] }
+regex = "1.4"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_jni_core = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/common.rs b/src/connector/src/common.rs
index 6d848a5036ff1..2af396f5c33b4 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/common.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use anyhow::{anyhow, Ok};
 use async_nats::jetstream::consumer::DeliverPolicy;
 use async_nats::jetstream::{self};
 use aws_sdk_kinesis::Client as KinesisClient;
-use clickhouse::Client;
 use pulsar::authentication::oauth2::{OAuth2Authentication, OAuth2Params};
 use pulsar::{Authentication, Pulsar, TokioExecutor};
 use rdkafka::ClientConfig;
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ use url::Url;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
 use crate::deserialize_duration_from_string;
-use crate::sink::doris_connector::DorisGet;
 use crate::sink::SinkError;
 use crate::source::nats::source::NatsOffset;
 // The file describes the common abstractions for each connector and can be used in both source and
@@ -406,66 +404,6 @@ impl KinesisCommon {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ClickHouseCommon {
-    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.url")]
-    pub url: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.user")]
-    pub user: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.password")]
-    pub password: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.database")]
-    pub database: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.table")]
-    pub table: String,
-}
-
-const POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
-
-impl ClickHouseCommon {
-    pub(crate) fn build_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Client> {
-        use hyper_tls::HttpsConnector;
-
-        let https = HttpsConnector::new();
-        let client = hyper::Client::builder()
-            .pool_idle_timeout(POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
-            .build::<_, hyper::Body>(https);
-
-        let client = Client::with_http_client(client)
-            .with_url(&self.url)
-            .with_user(&self.user)
-            .with_password(&self.password)
-            .with_database(&self.database);
-        Ok(client)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct DorisCommon {
-    #[serde(rename = "doris.url")]
-    pub url: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "doris.user")]
-    pub user: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "doris.password")]
-    pub password: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "doris.database")]
-    pub database: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "doris.table")]
-    pub table: String,
-}
-
-impl DorisCommon {
-    pub(crate) fn build_get_client(&self) -> DorisGet {
-        DorisGet::new(
-            self.url.clone(),
-            self.table.clone(),
-            self.database.clone(),
-            self.user.clone(),
-            self.password.clone(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct UpsertMessage<'a> {
     #[serde(borrow)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
index b9733863feccb..2bddf8026216f 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/clickhouse.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
-use clickhouse::{Client, Row as ClickHouseRow};
+use clickhouse::{Client, Client as ClickHouseClient, Row as ClickHouseRow};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{Op, RowRef, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 
 use super::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, SinkWriterParam};
-use crate::common::ClickHouseCommon;
 use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriter, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
     Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT,
@@ -37,6 +37,40 @@ use crate::sink::{
 pub const CLICKHOUSE_SINK: &str = "clickhouse";
 const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ClickHouseCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.url")]
+    pub url: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.user")]
+    pub user: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.password")]
+    pub password: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.database")]
+    pub database: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "clickhouse.table")]
+    pub table: String,
+}
+
+const POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+impl ClickHouseCommon {
+    pub(crate) fn build_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<ClickHouseClient> {
+        use hyper_tls::HttpsConnector;
+
+        let https = HttpsConnector::new();
+        let client = hyper::Client::builder()
+            .pool_idle_timeout(POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
+            .build::<_, hyper::Body>(https);
+
+        let client = ClickHouseClient::with_http_client(client)
+            .with_url(&self.url)
+            .with_user(&self.user)
+            .with_password(&self.password)
+            .with_database(&self.database);
+        Ok(client)
+    }
+}
+
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ClickHouseConfig {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
index 0a32e4406108b..113c7275c6d4e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/doris.rs
@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@ use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_derive::Serialize;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 
-use super::doris_connector::{DorisField, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_DELETE_SIGN};
+use super::doris_connector::{
+    DorisField, DorisGet, DorisInsert, DorisInsertClient, DORIS_DELETE_SIGN,
+};
 use super::{SinkError, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
-use crate::common::DorisCommon;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, RowEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{
@@ -35,6 +37,33 @@ use crate::sink::{
 };
 
 pub const DORIS_SINK: &str = "doris";
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DorisCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.url")]
+    pub url: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.user")]
+    pub user: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.password")]
+    pub password: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.database")]
+    pub database: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "doris.table")]
+    pub table: String,
+}
+
+impl DorisCommon {
+    pub(crate) fn build_get_client(&self) -> DorisGet {
+        DorisGet::new(
+            self.url.clone(),
+            self.table.clone(),
+            self.database.clone(),
+            self.user.clone(),
+            self.password.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct DorisConfig {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
index 6a2558f5fc35a..83b2ab4f09df0 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use crate::sink::Result;
 mod avro;
 mod json;
 mod proto;
+pub mod template;
 
 pub use avro::AvroEncoder;
 pub use json::JsonEncoder;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..85f085989b6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use risingwave_common::row::Row;
+use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
+
+use super::{Result, RowEncoder};
+
+/// Encode a row according to a specified string template `user_id:{user_id}`
+pub struct TemplateEncoder {
+    schema: Schema,
+    col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    template: String,
+}
+
+/// todo! improve the performance.
+impl TemplateEncoder {
+    pub fn new(schema: Schema, col_indices: Option<Vec<usize>>, template: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            schema,
+            col_indices,
+            template,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RowEncoder for TemplateEncoder {
+    type Output = String;
+
+    fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    fn col_indices(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
+        self.col_indices.as_ref().map(Vec::as_ref)
+    }
+
+    fn encode_cols(
+        &self,
+        row: impl Row,
+        col_indices: impl Iterator<Item = usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Output> {
+        let mut s = self.template.to_string();
+
+        for idx in col_indices {
+            let field = &self.schema[idx];
+            let name = &field.name;
+            let data = row.datum_at(idx);
+            // TODO: timestamptz ToText also depends on TimeZone
+            s = s.replace(
+                &format!("{{{}}}", name),
+                &data.to_text_with_type(&field.data_type),
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(s)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index 5a1c7379795d5..a7463f7e3b306 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 
 use super::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
+use super::encoder::template::TemplateEncoder;
 use super::encoder::KafkaConnectParams;
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, ProtoEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ pub enum SinkFormatterImpl {
     AppendOnlyProto(AppendOnlyFormatter<JsonEncoder, ProtoEncoder>),
     UpsertJson(UpsertFormatter<JsonEncoder, JsonEncoder>),
     DebeziumJson(DebeziumJsonFormatter),
+    AppendOnlyTemplate(AppendOnlyFormatter<TemplateEncoder, TemplateEncoder>),
+    UpsertTemplate(UpsertFormatter<TemplateEncoder, TemplateEncoder>),
 }
 
 impl SinkFormatterImpl {
@@ -164,6 +167,51 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn new_with_redis(
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+        key_format: Option<String>,
+        value_format: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        match (key_format, value_format) {
+            (Some(k), Some(v)) => {
+                let key_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(
+                    schema.clone(),
+                    Some(pk_indices),
+                    k,
+                );
+                let val_encoder =
+                    TemplateEncoder::new(schema, None, v);
+                if is_append_only {
+                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyTemplate(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(Some(key_encoder), val_encoder)))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertTemplate(UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder)))
+                }
+            }
+            (None, None) => {
+                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                    schema.clone(),
+                    Some(pk_indices),
+                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                );
+                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                    schema,
+                    None,
+                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                );
+                if is_append_only {
+                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(Some(key_encoder), val_encoder)))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder)))
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                Err(SinkError::Encode("Please provide template formats for both key and value, or choose the JSON format.".to_string()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
@@ -174,6 +222,8 @@ macro_rules! dispatch_sink_formatter_impl {
             SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyProto($name) => $body,
             SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson($name) => $body,
             SinkFormatterImpl::DebeziumJson($name) => $body,
+            SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyTemplate($name) => $body,
+            SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertTemplate($name) => $body,
         }
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
index 053467d9f125d..7769a87f4e715 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::future::Future;
 
 use ::clickhouse::error::Error as ClickHouseError;
+use ::redis::RedisError;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
@@ -383,6 +384,8 @@ pub enum SinkError {
     Coordinator(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("ClickHouse error: {0}")]
     ClickHouse(String),
+    #[error("Redis error: {0}")]
+    Redis(String),
     #[error("Nats error: {0}")]
     Nats(anyhow::Error),
     #[error("Doris http error: {0}")]
@@ -413,6 +416,12 @@ impl From<ClickHouseError> for SinkError {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<RedisError> for SinkError {
+    fn from(value: RedisError) -> Self {
+        SinkError::Redis(format!("{}", value))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<SinkError> for RwError {
     fn from(e: SinkError) -> Self {
         ErrorCode::SinkError(Box::new(e)).into()
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
index e85e984821b15..cc8ff74d0c9c5 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
@@ -12,25 +12,114 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use redis::aio::Connection;
+use redis::{Client as RedisClient, Pipeline};
+use regex::Regex;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
+use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
+use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+
+use super::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
+use super::writer::FormattedSink;
+use super::{SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
+use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
+use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
+use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 
-use crate::sink::writer::LogSinkerOf;
-use crate::sink::{
-    DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkError, SinkParam, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam,
-};
+pub const REDIS_SINK: &str = "redis";
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RedisConfig;
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RedisCommon {
+    #[serde(rename = "redis.url")]
+    pub url: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "redis.keyformat")]
+    pub key_format: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "redis.valueformat")]
+    pub value_format: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl RedisCommon {
+    pub(crate) fn build_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<RedisClient> {
+        let client = RedisClient::open(self.url.clone())?;
+        Ok(client)
+    }
+}
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct RedisConfig {
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub common: RedisCommon,
+
+    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
+}
+
+impl RedisConfig {
+    pub fn from_hashmap(properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let config =
+            serde_json::from_value::<RedisConfig>(serde_json::to_value(properties).unwrap())
+                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
+        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "`{}` must be {}, or {}",
+                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
+                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
+                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RedisSink;
+pub struct RedisSink {
+    config: RedisConfig,
+    schema: Schema,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+fn check_string_format(format: &Option<String>, set: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    if let Some(format) = format {
+        // We will check if the string inside {} corresponds to a column name in rw.
+        // In other words, the content within {} should exclusively consist of column names from rw,
+        // which means '{{column_name}}' or '{{column_name1},{column_name2}}' would be incorrect.
+        let re = Regex::new(r"\{([^}]*)\}").unwrap();
+        if !re.is_match(format) {
+            return Err(SinkError::Redis(
+                "Can't find {} in key_format or value_format".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        for capture in re.captures_iter(format) {
+            if let Some(inner_content) = capture.get(1) && !set.contains(inner_content.as_str()){
+                return Err(SinkError::Redis(format!("Can't find field({:?}) in key_format or value_format",inner_content.as_str())))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
 
+#[async_trait]
 impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for RedisSink {
     type Error = SinkError;
 
-    fn try_from(_param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        todo!()
+    fn try_from(param: SinkParam) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if param.downstream_pk.is_empty() {
+            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                "Redis Sink Primary Key must be specified."
+            )));
+        }
+        let config = RedisConfig::from_hashmap(param.properties.clone())?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            config,
+            schema: param.schema(),
+            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
+            pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -40,28 +129,290 @@ impl Sink for RedisSink {
 
     const SINK_NAME: &'static str = "redis";
 
-    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, _writer_env: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
-        todo!()
+    async fn new_log_sinker(&self, writer_param: SinkWriterParam) -> Result<Self::LogSinker> {
+        Ok(RedisSinkWriter::new(
+            self.config.clone(),
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            self.pk_indices.clone(),
+            self.is_append_only,
+        )
+        .await?
+        .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
     }
 
     async fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        todo!()
+        let client = self.config.common.build_client()?;
+        client.get_connection()?;
+        let all_set: HashSet<String> = self
+            .schema
+            .fields()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|f| f.name.clone())
+            .collect();
+        let pk_set: HashSet<String> = self
+            .schema
+            .fields()
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(k, _)| self.pk_indices.contains(k))
+            .map(|(_, v)| v.name.clone())
+            .collect();
+        check_string_format(&self.config.common.key_format, &pk_set)?;
+        check_string_format(&self.config.common.value_format, &all_set)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-pub struct RedisSinkWriter;
+pub struct RedisSinkWriter {
+    epoch: u64,
+    schema: Schema,
+    is_append_only: bool,
+    pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+    formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
+    payload_writer: RedisSinkPayloadWriter,
+}
+
+struct RedisSinkPayloadWriter {
+    // connection to redis, one per executor
+    conn: Option<Connection>,
+    // the command pipeline for write-commit
+    pipe: Pipeline,
+}
+impl RedisSinkPayloadWriter {
+    pub async fn new(config: RedisConfig) -> Result<Self> {
+        let client = config.common.build_client()?;
+        let conn = Some(client.get_async_connection().await?);
+        let pipe = redis::pipe();
+
+        Ok(Self { conn, pipe })
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn mock() -> Self {
+        let conn = None;
+        let pipe = redis::pipe();
+        Self { conn, pipe }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.pipe.query_async(self.conn.as_mut().unwrap()).await?;
+        self.pipe.clear();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FormattedSink for RedisSinkPayloadWriter {
+    type K = String;
+    type V = Vec<u8>;
+
+    async fn write_one(&mut self, k: Option<Self::K>, v: Option<Self::V>) -> Result<()> {
+        let k = k.unwrap();
+        match v {
+            Some(v) => self.pipe.set(k, v),
+            None => self.pipe.del(k),
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl RedisSinkWriter {
+    pub async fn new(
+        config: RedisConfig,
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let payload_writer = RedisSinkPayloadWriter::new(config.clone()).await?;
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new_with_redis(
+            schema.clone(),
+            pk_indices.clone(),
+            is_append_only,
+            config.common.key_format,
+            config.common.value_format,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            is_append_only,
+            epoch: 0,
+            formatter,
+            payload_writer,
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn mock(
+        schema: Schema,
+        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
+        is_append_only: bool,
+        key_format: Option<String>,
+        value_format: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new_with_redis(
+            schema.clone(),
+            pk_indices.clone(),
+            is_append_only,
+            key_format,
+            value_format,
+        )?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            schema,
+            pk_indices,
+            is_append_only,
+            epoch: 0,
+            formatter,
+            payload_writer: RedisSinkPayloadWriter::mock(),
+        })
+    }
+}
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl SinkWriter for RedisSinkWriter {
-    async fn write_batch(&mut self, _chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
-        todo!();
+    async fn write_batch(&mut self, chunk: StreamChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        dispatch_sink_formatter_impl!(&self.formatter, formatter, {
+            self.payload_writer.write_chunk(chunk, formatter).await
+        })
     }
 
-    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        todo!()
+    async fn begin_epoch(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.epoch = epoch;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn barrier(&mut self, _is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        todo!()
+    async fn barrier(&mut self, is_checkpoint: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        if is_checkpoint {
+            self.payload_writer.commit().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use rdkafka::message::FromBytes;
+    use risingwave_common::array::{Array, I32Array, Op, StreamChunk, Utf8Array};
+    use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
+    use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
+    use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write() {
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int32,
+                name: "id".to_string(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "string".to_string(),
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Varchar,
+                name: "name".to_string(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "string".to_string(),
+            },
+        ]);
+
+        let mut redis_sink_writer =
+            RedisSinkWriter::mock(schema, vec![0], true, None, None).unwrap();
+
+        let chunk_a = StreamChunk::new(
+            vec![Op::Insert, Op::Insert, Op::Insert],
+            vec![
+                I32Array::from_iter(vec![1, 2, 3]).into_ref(),
+                Utf8Array::from_iter(vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Clare"]).into_ref(),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        redis_sink_writer
+            .write_batch(chunk_a)
+            .await
+            .expect("failed to write batch");
+        let expected_a =
+            vec![
+            (0, "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$8\r\n{\"id\":1}\r\n$23\r\n{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Alice\"}\r\n"),
+            (1, "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$8\r\n{\"id\":2}\r\n$21\r\n{\"id\":2,\"name\":\"Bob\"}\r\n"),
+            (2, "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$8\r\n{\"id\":3}\r\n$23\r\n{\"id\":3,\"name\":\"Clare\"}\r\n"),
+        ];
+
+        redis_sink_writer
+            .payload_writer
+            .pipe
+            .cmd_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .zip_eq_debug(expected_a.clone())
+            .for_each(|((i, cmd), (exp_i, exp_cmd))| {
+                if exp_i == i {
+                    assert_eq!(exp_cmd, str::from_bytes(&cmd.get_packed_command()).unwrap())
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_format_write() {
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Int32,
+                name: "id".to_string(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "string".to_string(),
+            },
+            Field {
+                data_type: DataType::Varchar,
+                name: "name".to_string(),
+                sub_fields: vec![],
+                type_name: "string".to_string(),
+            },
+        ]);
+
+        let mut redis_sink_writer = RedisSinkWriter::mock(
+            schema,
+            vec![0],
+            true,
+            Some("key-{id}".to_string()),
+            Some("values:{id:{id},name:{name}}".to_string()),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let chunk_a = StreamChunk::new(
+            vec![Op::Insert, Op::Insert, Op::Insert],
+            vec![
+                I32Array::from_iter(vec![1, 2, 3]).into_ref(),
+                Utf8Array::from_iter(vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Clare"]).into_ref(),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        redis_sink_writer
+            .write_batch(chunk_a)
+            .await
+            .expect("failed to write batch");
+        let expected_a = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$5\r\nkey-1\r\n$24\r\nvalues:{id:1,name:Alice}\r\n",
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$5\r\nkey-2\r\n$22\r\nvalues:{id:2,name:Bob}\r\n",
+            ),
+            (
+                2,
+                "*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$5\r\nkey-3\r\n$24\r\nvalues:{id:3,name:Clare}\r\n",
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        redis_sink_writer
+            .payload_writer
+            .pipe
+            .cmd_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .zip_eq_debug(expected_a.clone())
+            .for_each(|((i, cmd), (exp_i, exp_cmd))| {
+                if exp_i == i {
+                    assert_eq!(exp_cmd, str::from_bytes(&cmd.get_packed_command()).unwrap())
+                }
+            });
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 0826ea1014e3d..2ae671ca2de93 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ publish = false
 ahash = { version = "0.8" }
 allocator-api2 = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "nightly"] }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
+async-std = { version = "1", features = ["attributes", "tokio1"] }
 aws-credential-types = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["hardcoded-credentials"] }
 aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["native-tls"] }
 aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features = ["native-tls", "rustls"] }
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
 clap_builder = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["cargo", "color", "env", "help", "std", "suggestions", "usage"] }
-combine = { version = "4" }
+combine = { version = "4", features = ["tokio"] }
 crossbeam-epoch = { version = "0.9" }
 crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
 crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ prost-types = { version = "0.12" }
 rand = { version = "0.8", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.3" }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+redis = { version = "0.23", features = ["async-std-comp", "tokio-comp"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.8" }

From 7574a1b39f01e3b09039f957f6c461d74ecf32f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 12:18:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 403/430] refactor(optimizer): refactor plan visitor with
 associated type (#12994)

---
 .../plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs       |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs          |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/execution_mode_decider.rs       |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs          |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/max_one_row_visitor.rs          |  6 ++++--
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/mod.rs   | 16 +++++++++-------
 .../plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs    |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs   |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs         |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/side_effect_visitor.rs          |  6 ++++--
 .../optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs  |  6 ++++--
 .../plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs      |  6 ++++--
 12 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
index db7ecd92c7aa5..9ab0d4d580ddc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
@@ -109,8 +109,10 @@ impl PlanRewriter for ShareSourceRewriter {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<()> for SourceCounter {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<()>;
+impl PlanVisitor for SourceCounter {
+    type Result = ();
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         DefaultValue
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
index 3b071ddaf3dfe..a9eb5639fcf85 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/cardinality_visitor.rs
@@ -83,8 +83,10 @@ impl CardinalityVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<Cardinality> for CardinalityVisitor {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Cardinality>;
+impl PlanVisitor for CardinalityVisitor {
+    type Result = Cardinality;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         // returns unknown cardinality for default behavior, which is always correct
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/execution_mode_decider.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/execution_mode_decider.rs
index f1f3d4edfdc74..6eb7f7def64aa 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/execution_mode_decider.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/execution_mode_decider.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ impl ExecutionModeDecider {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<bool> for ExecutionModeDecider {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+impl PlanVisitor for ExecutionModeDecider {
+    type Result = bool;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         Merge(|a, b| a & b)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
index a8e48633d6a31..6911c6e8ce89a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/input_ref_validator.rs
@@ -103,8 +103,10 @@ macro_rules! visit_project {
     };
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<Option<String>> for InputRefValidator {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Option<String>>;
+impl PlanVisitor for InputRefValidator {
+    type Result = Option<String>;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     visit_filter!(logical, batch, stream);
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/max_one_row_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/max_one_row_visitor.rs
index 32a6c874efe40..2a3a354674621 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/max_one_row_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/max_one_row_visitor.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor::PlanVisitor;
 
 pub struct HasMaxOneRowApply();
 
-impl PlanVisitor<bool> for HasMaxOneRowApply {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+impl PlanVisitor for HasMaxOneRowApply {
+    type Result = bool;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         Merge(|a, b| a | b)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/mod.rs
index 7695128f255d4..4f8d5e0c2ade7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/mod.rs
@@ -80,14 +80,15 @@ macro_rules! def_visitor {
     ($({ $convention:ident, $name:ident }),*) => {
         /// The visitor for plan nodes. visit all inputs and return the ret value of the left most input,
         /// and leaf node returns `R::default()`
-        pub trait PlanVisitor<R: Default> {
-            type DefaultBehavior: DefaultBehavior<R>;
+        pub trait PlanVisitor {
+            type Result: Default;
+            type DefaultBehavior: DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
             /// The behavior for the default implementations of `visit_xxx`.
             fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior;
 
             paste! {
-                fn visit(&mut self, plan: PlanRef) -> R{
+                fn visit(&mut self, plan: PlanRef) -> Self::Result {
                     match plan.node_type() {
                         $(
                             PlanNodeType::[<$convention $name>] => self.[<visit_ $convention:snake _ $name:snake>](plan.downcast_ref::<[<$convention $name>]>().unwrap()),
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ macro_rules! def_visitor {
 
                 $(
                     #[doc = "Visit [`" [<$convention $name>] "`] , the function should visit the inputs."]
-                    fn [<visit_ $convention:snake _ $name:snake>](&mut self, plan: &[<$convention $name>]) -> R {
+                    fn [<visit_ $convention:snake _ $name:snake>](&mut self, plan: &[<$convention $name>]) -> Self::Result {
                         let results = plan.inputs().into_iter().map(|input| self.visit(input));
                         Self::default_behavior().apply(results)
                     }
@@ -121,17 +122,18 @@ macro_rules! impl_has_variant {
                         pred: P,
                     }
 
-                    impl<P> PlanVisitor<bool> for HasWhere<P>
+                    impl<P> PlanVisitor for HasWhere<P>
                     where
                         P: FnMut(&$variant) -> bool,
                     {
-                        type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+                        type Result = bool;
+                        type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
                         fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
                             Merge(|a, b| a | b)
                         }
 
-                        fn [<visit_ $variant:snake>](&mut self, node: &$variant) -> bool {
+                        fn [<visit_ $variant:snake>](&mut self, node: &$variant) -> Self::Result {
                             (self.pred)(node)
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
index e71497326a29a..7dd32e29b98bb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/plan_correlated_id_finder.rs
@@ -40,11 +40,13 @@ impl PlanCorrelatedIdFinder {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<()> for PlanCorrelatedIdFinder {
+impl PlanVisitor for PlanCorrelatedIdFinder {
     /// `correlated_input_ref` can only appear in `LogicalProject`, `LogicalFilter`,
     /// `LogicalJoin` or the `filter` clause of `PlanAggCall` of `LogicalAgg` now.
 
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<()>;
+    type Result = ();
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         DefaultValue
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
index 45fd2fdb90b14..a4b7102906c69 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ impl RelationCollectorVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<()> for RelationCollectorVisitor {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<()>;
+impl PlanVisitor for RelationCollectorVisitor {
+    type Result = ();
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         DefaultValue
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
index 2b21f9d806e72..7d538392f9361 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ impl ShareParentCounter {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<()> for ShareParentCounter {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<()>;
+impl PlanVisitor for ShareParentCounter {
+    type Result = ();
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         DefaultValue
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/side_effect_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/side_effect_visitor.rs
index b7e87e656d58e..f36561d8d4457 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/side_effect_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/side_effect_visitor.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ use crate::optimizer::plan_node;
 /// eliminated trivially.
 pub struct SideEffectVisitor;
 
-impl PlanVisitor<bool> for SideEffectVisitor {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+impl PlanVisitor for SideEffectVisitor {
+    type Result = bool;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         Merge(|a, b| a | b)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
index 7b5210ca68db7..35f4a7246e49a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ impl SysTableVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<bool> for SysTableVisitor {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+impl PlanVisitor for SysTableVisitor {
+    type Result = bool;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         Merge(|a, b| a | b)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
index 7fb0b1b49e309..d7da70b7a030b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,10 @@ impl TemporalJoinValidator {
     }
 }
 
-impl PlanVisitor<bool> for TemporalJoinValidator {
-    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<bool>;
+impl PlanVisitor for TemporalJoinValidator {
+    type Result = bool;
+
+    type DefaultBehavior = impl DefaultBehavior<Self::Result>;
 
     fn default_behavior() -> Self::DefaultBehavior {
         Merge(|a, b| a | b)

From 67b5feb718687b6313e6c9a5fb14e4619e6aabe9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 12:21:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 404/430] refactor(source): move schema registry to parent mod
 (#12986)

---
 src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs       |  6 ++---
 .../src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs        |  2 +-
 .../src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs        |  6 ++---
 src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs       |  3 +--
 src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs               | 21 +----------------
 src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs   |  6 ++---
 .../src/parser/protobuf/schema_resolver.rs    |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs               |  1 +
 .../schema_registry/client.rs                 | 23 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../{parser => schema}/schema_registry/mod.rs |  0
 .../schema_registry/util.rs                   |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs     |  5 ++--
 12 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
 rename src/connector/src/{parser => schema}/schema_registry/client.rs (91%)
 rename src/connector/src/{parser => schema}/schema_registry/mod.rs (100%)
 rename src/connector/src/{parser => schema}/schema_registry/util.rs (99%)

diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
index 3fcfc01cd9586..e02bcca7fe2ae 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc;
 
 use super::schema_resolver::*;
 use super::util::avro_schema_to_column_descs;
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::{
-    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
-};
 use crate::parser::unified::avro::{AvroAccess, AvroParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
 use crate::parser::util::{read_schema_from_http, read_schema_from_local, read_schema_from_s3};
 use crate::parser::{AccessBuilder, EncodingProperties, EncodingType};
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::{
+    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
+};
 
 // Default avro access builder
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
index 1383367ee557a..36acbcb3a0564 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use moka::future::Cache;
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::{Client, ConfluentSchema};
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::{Client, ConfluentSchema};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ConfluentSchemaResolver {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
index bd573ad3d0525..f37b4a16d60eb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/debezium/avro_parser.rs
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc;
 
 use crate::parser::avro::schema_resolver::ConfluentSchemaResolver;
 use crate::parser::avro::util::avro_schema_to_column_descs;
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::{
-    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
-};
 use crate::parser::unified::avro::{
     avro_extract_field_schema, avro_schema_skip_union, AvroAccess, AvroParseOptions,
 };
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
 use crate::parser::{AccessBuilder, EncodingProperties, EncodingType};
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::{
+    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
+};
 
 const BEFORE: &str = "before";
 const AFTER: &str = "after";
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
index 5d269337b0d5c..3be0acaa5a392 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs
@@ -23,18 +23,17 @@ use risingwave_common::try_match_expand;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc;
 
 use super::avro::schema_resolver::ConfluentSchemaResolver;
-use super::schema_registry::Client;
 use super::util::{get_kafka_topic, read_schema_from_http, read_schema_from_local};
 use super::{EncodingProperties, SchemaRegistryAuth, SpecificParserConfig};
 use crate::only_parse_payload;
 use crate::parser::avro::util::avro_schema_to_column_descs;
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::handle_sr_list;
 use crate::parser::unified::json::{JsonAccess, JsonParseOptions};
 use crate::parser::unified::util::apply_row_accessor_on_stream_chunk_writer;
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
 use crate::parser::{
     AccessBuilder, ByteStreamSourceParser, ParserFormat, SourceStreamChunkRowWriter,
 };
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::{handle_sr_list, Client};
 use crate::source::{SourceColumnDesc, SourceContext, SourceContextRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
index c4f955492cc9a..7362497bb2dcb 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     SchemaRegistryNameStrategy as PbSchemaRegistryNameStrategy, StreamSourceInfo,
 };
-pub use schema_registry::name_strategy_from_str;
 use tracing_futures::Instrument;
 
 use self::avro::AvroAccessBuilder;
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ use self::upsert_parser::UpsertParser;
 use self::util::get_kafka_topic;
 use crate::aws_auth::AwsAuthProps;
 use crate::parser::maxwell::MaxwellParser;
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::SchemaRegistryAuth;
 use crate::source::{
     extract_source_struct, BoxSourceStream, SourceColumnDesc, SourceColumnType, SourceContext,
     SourceContextRef, SourceEncode, SourceFormat, SourceMeta, SourceWithStateStream, SplitId,
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ mod maxwell;
 mod mysql;
 mod plain_parser;
 mod protobuf;
-mod schema_registry;
 mod unified;
 mod upsert_parser;
 mod util;
@@ -783,24 +782,6 @@ impl SpecificParserConfig {
     };
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct SchemaRegistryAuth {
-    username: Option<String>,
-    password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl From<&HashMap<String, String>> for SchemaRegistryAuth {
-    fn from(props: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
-        const SCHEMA_REGISTRY_USERNAME: &str = "schema.registry.username";
-        const SCHEMA_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: &str = "schema.registry.password";
-
-        SchemaRegistryAuth {
-            username: props.get(SCHEMA_REGISTRY_USERNAME).cloned(),
-            password: props.get(SCHEMA_REGISTRY_PASSWORD).cloned(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct AvroProperties {
     pub use_schema_registry: bool,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
index b2ee1c23bca04..71d122470902e 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/parser.rs
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc;
 
 use super::schema_resolver::*;
 use crate::aws_utils::load_file_descriptor_from_s3;
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::{
-    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
-};
 use crate::parser::unified::protobuf::ProtobufAccess;
 use crate::parser::unified::AccessImpl;
 use crate::parser::{AccessBuilder, EncodingProperties};
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::{
+    extract_schema_id, get_subject_by_strategy, handle_sr_list, Client,
+};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ProtobufAccessBuilder {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/schema_resolver.rs b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/schema_resolver.rs
index 6283a399661e5..942ae5333cf86 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/schema_resolver.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/parser/protobuf/schema_resolver.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{InternalError, ProtocolError};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use url::Url;
 
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::Client;
 use crate::parser::util::download_from_http;
+use crate::schema::schema_registry::Client;
 
 const PB_SCHEMA_LOCATION_S3_REGION: &str = "region";
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
index fff2576389cfd..3c8694fc8f359 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 pub mod protobuf;
+pub mod schema_registry;
 
 const MESSAGE_NAME_KEY: &str = "message";
 const SCHEMA_LOCATION_KEY: &str = "schema.location";
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/client.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/client.rs
similarity index 91%
rename from src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/client.rs
rename to src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/client.rs
index 31fc300d7e0c4..591478752d926 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/client.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/client.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -23,8 +23,25 @@ use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::ProtocolError;
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 
-use crate::parser::schema_registry::util::*;
-use crate::parser::SchemaRegistryAuth;
+use super::util::*;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SchemaRegistryAuth {
+    username: Option<String>,
+    password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<&HashMap<String, String>> for SchemaRegistryAuth {
+    fn from(props: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        const SCHEMA_REGISTRY_USERNAME: &str = "schema.registry.username";
+        const SCHEMA_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: &str = "schema.registry.password";
+
+        SchemaRegistryAuth {
+            username: props.get(SCHEMA_REGISTRY_USERNAME).cloned(),
+            password: props.get(SCHEMA_REGISTRY_PASSWORD).cloned(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /// An client for communication with schema registry
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/mod.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/mod.rs
rename to src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/mod.rs
diff --git a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/util.rs b/src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/util.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/util.rs
rename to src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/util.rs
index 95d4dc5e767ae..c6824361e2d9c 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/parser/schema_registry/util.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/util.rs
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ enum ReqResp<T> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use crate::parser::schema_registry::handle_sr_list;
+    use super::super::handle_sr_list;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_handle_sr_list() {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index bb02553e2cd9c..6f7de61285cb0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -27,9 +27,10 @@ use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{self, InvalidInputSyntax, ProtocolErro
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_connector::parser::{
-    name_strategy_from_str, schema_to_columns, AvroParserConfig, DebeziumAvroParserConfig,
-    ProtobufParserConfig, SpecificParserConfig,
+    schema_to_columns, AvroParserConfig, DebeziumAvroParserConfig, ProtobufParserConfig,
+    SpecificParserConfig,
 };
+use risingwave_connector::schema::schema_registry::name_strategy_from_str;
 use risingwave_connector::source::cdc::{
     CITUS_CDC_CONNECTOR, MYSQL_CDC_CONNECTOR, POSTGRES_CDC_CONNECTOR,
 };

From 3881de293e4c478d490357000f6b1994c403f9d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 12:43:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 405/430] ci: use fixed branch for nightly rust action (#12989)

---
 .github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
index a89d86ac9e560..5219b4805c74d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-rust.yml
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ jobs:
            remove-docker-images: 'true'
            root-reserve-mb: 2048
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
+        with:
+          # For daily scheduled run, we use a fixed branch, so that we can apply patches to fix compile errors earlier.
+          # We can also ensure the regression is due to new rust instead of new RisingWave code.
+          ref: xxchan/latest-nightly-rust
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        if: ${{ !(github.event_name == 'schedule') }}
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         run: |
           rustup override set nightly

From ebfafe571f72cc22a3eceb5674ca2d3cc9caa42c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 13:39:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 406/430] feat(planner): support dml subquery (#12995)

---
 .../tests/testdata/input/update.yaml          | 17 ++++++++-
 .../tests/testdata/output/update.yaml         | 38 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/frontend/src/planner/delete.rs            |  4 +-
 src/frontend/src/planner/select.rs            |  6 ++-
 src/frontend/src/planner/update.rs            |  3 +-
 5 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
index a63e5192073e6..9487b396d924a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/input/update.yaml
@@ -75,4 +75,19 @@
     create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1, primary key (v3));
     update t set v2 = 3;
   expected_outputs:
-  - binder_error
\ No newline at end of file
+  - binder_error
+- name: update subquery
+  sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int);
+    update t set a = 777 where b not in (select a from t);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - logical_plan
+    - batch_plan
+
+- name: delete subquery
+  sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int);
+    delete from t where a not in (select b from t);
+  expected_outputs:
+    - logical_plan
+    - batch_plan
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
index f3a27a3d2e514..3db7ac3501018 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/update.yaml
@@ -116,3 +116,41 @@
     create table t(v1 int as v2-1, v2 int, v3 int as v2+1, primary key (v3));
     update t set v2 = 3;
   binder_error: 'Bind error: update modifying the column referenced by generated columns that are part of the primary key is not allowed'
+- name: update subquery
+  sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int);
+    update t set a = 777 where b not in (select a from t);
+  logical_plan: |-
+    LogicalUpdate { table: t, exprs: [777:Int32, $1, $2] }
+    └─LogicalApply { type: LeftAnti, on: (t.b = t.a), correlated_id: 1 }
+      ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id] }
+      └─LogicalProject { exprs: [t.a] }
+        └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id] }
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchUpdate { table: t, exprs: [777:Int32, $1, $2] }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+        └─BatchHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t.b = t.a, output: all }
+          ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.b) }
+          │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a], distribution: SomeShard }
+- name: delete subquery
+  sql: |
+    create table t (a int, b int);
+    delete from t where a not in (select b from t);
+  logical_plan: |-
+    LogicalDelete { table: t }
+    └─LogicalApply { type: LeftAnti, on: (t.a = t.b), correlated_id: 1 }
+      ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id] }
+      └─LogicalProject { exprs: [t.b] }
+        └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id] }
+  batch_plan: |-
+    BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+    └─BatchDelete { table: t }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
+        └─BatchHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t.a = t.b, output: all }
+          ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.a) }
+          │ └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a, t.b, t._row_id], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+          └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(t.b) }
+            └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.b], distribution: SomeShard }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/planner/delete.rs b/src/frontend/src/planner/delete.rs
index c6d779ed26603..00bb7fd59ae9a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/planner/delete.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/planner/delete.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
 use super::Planner;
 use crate::binder::BoundDelete;
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{generic, LogicalDelete, LogicalFilter, LogicalProject};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{generic, LogicalDelete, LogicalProject};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 use crate::optimizer::{PlanRef, PlanRoot};
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Planner {
     pub(super) fn plan_delete(&mut self, delete: BoundDelete) -> Result<PlanRoot> {
         let scan = self.plan_base_table(&delete.table)?;
         let input = if let Some(expr) = delete.selection {
-            LogicalFilter::create_with_expr(scan, expr)
+            self.plan_where(scan, expr)?
         } else {
             scan
         };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/planner/select.rs b/src/frontend/src/planner/select.rs
index c21538534ac24..96b32680309df 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/planner/select.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/planner/select.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,11 @@ impl Planner {
     /// `LeftSemi/LeftAnti` [`LogicalApply`]
     /// For other subqueries, we plan it as `LeftOuter` [`LogicalApply`] using
     /// [`Self::substitute_subqueries`].
-    fn plan_where(&mut self, mut input: PlanRef, where_clause: ExprImpl) -> Result<PlanRef> {
+    pub(super) fn plan_where(
+        &mut self,
+        mut input: PlanRef,
+        where_clause: ExprImpl,
+    ) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         if !where_clause.has_subquery() {
             return Ok(LogicalFilter::create_with_expr(input, where_clause));
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/planner/update.rs b/src/frontend/src/planner/update.rs
index d04ffc4132391..f73f5354436fd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/planner/update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/planner/update.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
-use super::select::LogicalFilter;
 use super::Planner;
 use crate::binder::BoundUpdate;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{generic, LogicalProject, LogicalUpdate};
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ impl Planner {
     pub(super) fn plan_update(&mut self, update: BoundUpdate) -> Result<PlanRoot> {
         let scan = self.plan_base_table(&update.table)?;
         let input = if let Some(expr) = update.selection {
-            LogicalFilter::create_with_expr(scan, expr)
+            self.plan_where(scan, expr)?
         } else {
             scan
         };

From abafae03a9474647304207f998a105f9ad982cdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stonepage <40830455+st1page@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 14:23:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 407/430] chore(optimizer): rename logical to core (#12975)

---
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs             |  4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs   | 24 +++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs   | 22 ++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs   | 32 +++----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs   | 32 +++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs | 42 +++++----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs    | 59 +++++--------
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs   | 43 +++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs   | 41 ++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs    | 28 +++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs  | 54 +++++-------
 .../plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs       | 47 +++++-----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs  | 33 ++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs  | 38 ++++-----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs  | 32 +++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs | 62 +++++++-------
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs   | 30 +++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs | 38 ++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs   | 16 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs     | 46 +++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs    | 16 ++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs   | 41 ++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs    | 26 +++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs |  6 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_over_window.rs          | 12 +--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs   | 12 +--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs   | 26 +++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs  | 59 ++++++-------
 .../plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs      | 36 ++++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs  | 24 +++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs  | 28 +++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs    | 14 +--
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs  | 42 ++++-----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs    | 54 ++++++------
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs   | 85 ++++++++-----------
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs  | 49 +++++------
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs | 40 ++++-----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs | 43 +++++-----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs | 34 ++++----
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs   | 20 ++---
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs  | 31 ++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs  | 18 ++--
 .../plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs  | 36 ++++----
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  | 61 +++++++------
 .../plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs         | 72 +++++++---------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs    | 33 ++++---
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs   | 18 ++--
 .../relation_collector_visitor.rs             |  6 +-
 .../plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs         |  4 +-
 .../plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs   |  4 +-
 .../optimizer/rule/index_delta_join_rule.rs   |  8 +-
 src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs | 12 +--
 53 files changed, 794 insertions(+), 901 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
index b4238f57b1f52..0df387b0a53d5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/mod.rs
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ fn exist_and_no_exchange_before(plan: &PlanRef, is_candidate: fn(&PlanRef) -> bo
 fn require_additional_exchange_on_root_in_distributed_mode(plan: PlanRef) -> bool {
     fn is_user_table(plan: &PlanRef) -> bool {
         plan.as_batch_seq_scan()
-            .map(|node| !node.logical().is_sys_table)
+            .map(|node| !node.core().is_sys_table)
             .unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ fn require_additional_exchange_on_root_in_distributed_mode(plan: PlanRef) -> boo
 fn require_additional_exchange_on_root_in_local_mode(plan: PlanRef) -> bool {
     fn is_user_table(plan: &PlanRef) -> bool {
         plan.as_batch_seq_scan()
-            .map(|node| !node.logical().is_sys_table)
+            .map(|node| !node.core().is_sys_table)
             .unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
index 600ec6827e3eb..42db0a1c4a774 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
@@ -27,35 +27,35 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchDelete {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    pub logical: generic::Delete<PlanRef>,
+    pub core: generic::Delete<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchDelete {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Delete<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(logical.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Delete<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(core.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
         let base: PlanBase = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
             Order::any(),
         );
-        Self { base, logical }
+        Self { base, core }
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchDelete {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut core = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
         core.input = input;
         Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { BatchDelete }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchDelete, logical, "BatchDelete");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchDelete, core, "BatchDelete");
 
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchDelete {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchDelete {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchDelete {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::Delete(DeleteNode {
-            table_id: self.logical.table_id.table_id(),
-            table_version_id: self.logical.table_version_id,
-            returning: self.logical.returning,
+            table_id: self.core.table_id.table_id(),
+            table_version_id: self.core.table_version_id,
+            returning: self.core.returning,
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
index 72caa27858be1..870368701be44 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
@@ -29,38 +29,38 @@ use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchExpand {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Expand<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Expand<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchExpand {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Expand<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let dist = match logical.input.distribution() {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Expand<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let dist = match core.input.distribution() {
             Distribution::Single => Distribution::Single,
             Distribution::SomeShard
             | Distribution::HashShard(_)
             | Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(_, _) => Distribution::SomeShard,
             Distribution::Broadcast => unreachable!(),
         };
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
-        BatchExpand { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        BatchExpand { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn column_subsets(&self) -> &[Vec<usize>] {
-        &self.logical.column_subsets
+        &self.core.column_subsets
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchExpand, logical, "BatchExpand");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchExpand, core, "BatchExpand");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchExpand {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
index aadbda9800b16..6bc5086c7a29b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
@@ -26,35 +26,35 @@ use crate::utils::Condition;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchFilter {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Filter<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchFilter {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Filter<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         // TODO: derive from input
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
-            logical.input.order().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
+            core.input.order().clone(),
         );
-        BatchFilter { base, logical }
+        BatchFilter { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn predicate(&self) -> &Condition {
-        &self.logical.predicate
+        &self.core.predicate
     }
 }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchFilter, logical, "BatchFilter");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchFilter, core, "BatchFilter");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchFilter {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchFilter {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchFilter {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::Filter(FilterNode {
-            search_condition: Some(ExprImpl::from(self.logical.predicate.clone()).to_expr_proto()),
+            search_condition: Some(ExprImpl::from(self.core.predicate.clone()).to_expr_proto()),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchFilter {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
index 1d61b4e9eb379..8f6684dc4d85b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
@@ -27,36 +27,36 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchGroupTopN {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchGroupTopN {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(!logical.group_key.is_empty());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(!core.group_key.is_empty());
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
             Order::any(),
         );
-        BatchGroupTopN { base, logical }
+        BatchGroupTopN { base, core }
     }
 
     fn group_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.logical.group_key
+        &self.core.group_key
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchGroupTopN, logical, "BatchGroupTopN");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchGroupTopN, core, "BatchGroupTopN");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchGroupTopN {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchGroupTopN {
 
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchGroupTopN {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        let column_orders = self.logical.order.to_protobuf();
+        let column_orders = self.core.order.to_protobuf();
         NodeBody::GroupTopN(GroupTopNNode {
-            limit: self.logical.limit_attr.limit(),
-            offset: self.logical.offset,
+            limit: self.core.limit_attr.limit(),
+            offset: self.core.offset,
             column_orders,
             group_key: self.group_key().iter().map(|c| *c as u32).collect(),
-            with_ties: self.logical.limit_attr.with_ties(),
+            with_ties: self.core.limit_attr.with_ties(),
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
index 7100125dcee99..fa14076912689 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
@@ -31,27 +31,27 @@ use crate::utils::{ColIndexMappingRewriteExt, IndexSet};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchHashAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchHashAgg {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(!logical.group_key.is_empty());
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(!core.group_key.is_empty());
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let input_dist = input.distribution();
-        let dist = logical
+        let dist = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input_dist);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
-        BatchHashAgg { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        BatchHashAgg { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 
     pub fn group_key(&self) -> &IndexSet {
-        &self.logical.group_key
+        &self.core.group_key
     }
 
     fn to_two_phase_agg(&self, dist_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl BatchHashAgg {
 
         // insert total agg
         let total_agg_types = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .agg_calls
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
@@ -95,29 +95,27 @@ impl BatchHashAgg {
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchHashAgg, logical, "BatchHashAgg");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchHashAgg, core, "BatchHashAgg");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchHashAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { BatchHashAgg }
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchHashAgg {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        if self.logical.must_try_two_phase_agg() {
+        if self.core.must_try_two_phase_agg() {
             let input = self.input().to_distributed()?;
             let input_dist = input.distribution();
-            if !self
-                .logical
-                .hash_agg_dist_satisfied_by_input_dist(input_dist)
+            if !self.core.hash_agg_dist_satisfied_by_input_dist(input_dist)
                 && matches!(
                     input_dist,
                     Distribution::HashShard(_)
@@ -162,8 +160,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchHashAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
index a4ecf8311a479..5adfa6f5fd622 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchHashJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
 
     /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
     /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
@@ -44,17 +44,13 @@ pub struct BatchHashJoin {
 }
 
 impl BatchHashJoin {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
-        let dist = Self::derive_dist(
-            logical.left.distribution(),
-            logical.right.distribution(),
-            &logical,
-        );
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
+        let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), core.right.distribution(), &core);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
 
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate,
         }
     }
@@ -62,25 +58,21 @@ impl BatchHashJoin {
     pub(super) fn derive_dist(
         left: &Distribution,
         right: &Distribution,
-        logical: &generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+        join: &generic::Join<PlanRef>,
     ) -> Distribution {
         match (left, right) {
             (Distribution::Single, Distribution::Single) => Distribution::Single,
             // we can not derive the hash distribution from the side where outer join can generate a
             // NULL row
-            (Distribution::HashShard(_), Distribution::HashShard(_)) => match logical.join_type {
+            (Distribution::HashShard(_), Distribution::HashShard(_)) => match join.join_type {
                 JoinType::Unspecified => unreachable!(),
                 JoinType::FullOuter => Distribution::SomeShard,
                 JoinType::Inner | JoinType::LeftOuter | JoinType::LeftSemi | JoinType::LeftAnti => {
-                    let l2o = logical
-                        .l2i_col_mapping()
-                        .composite(&logical.i2o_col_mapping());
+                    let l2o = join.l2i_col_mapping().composite(&join.i2o_col_mapping());
                     l2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(left)
                 }
                 JoinType::RightSemi | JoinType::RightAnti | JoinType::RightOuter => {
-                    let r2o = logical
-                        .r2i_col_mapping()
-                        .composite(&logical.i2o_col_mapping());
+                    let r2o = join.r2i_col_mapping().composite(&join.i2o_col_mapping());
                     r2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(right)
                 }
             },
@@ -101,9 +93,9 @@ impl Distill for BatchHashJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&EqJoinPredicateDisplay {
@@ -112,7 +104,7 @@ impl Distill for BatchHashJoin {
             }),
         ));
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
         childless_record("BatchHashJoin", vec)
@@ -121,18 +113,18 @@ impl Distill for BatchHashJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeBinary for BatchHashJoin {
     fn left(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     fn right(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.right.clone()
+        self.core.right.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_left_right(&self, left: PlanRef, right: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = left;
-        logical.right = right;
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = left;
+        core.right = right;
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +192,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchHashJoin {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchHashJoin {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::HashJoin(HashJoinNode {
-            join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+            join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
             left_key: self
                 .eq_join_predicate
                 .left_eq_indexes()
@@ -219,12 +211,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchHashJoin {
                 .other_cond()
                 .as_expr_unless_true()
                 .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -246,8 +233,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchHashJoin {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
index c4b84b7232d1a..68381956b8a9a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
@@ -30,45 +30,45 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchHopWindow {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
     window_start_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
     window_end_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
 }
 
 impl BatchHopWindow {
     pub fn new(
-        logical: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
+        core: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
         window_start_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
         window_end_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
     ) -> Self {
-        let distribution = logical
+        let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_distribution(logical.input.distribution());
+            .rewrite_provided_distribution(core.input.distribution());
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             distribution,
-            logical.get_out_column_index_order(),
+            core.get_out_column_index_order(),
         );
         BatchHopWindow {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             window_start_exprs,
             window_end_exprs,
         }
     }
 }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchHopWindow, logical, "BatchHopWindow");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchHopWindow, core, "BatchHopWindow");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchHopWindow {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
         Self::new(
-            logical,
+            core,
             self.window_start_exprs.clone(),
             self.window_end_exprs.clone(),
         )
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchHopWindow {
         // communication.
         // We pass the required dist to its input.
         let input_required = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .o2i_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_required_distribution(required_dist);
         let new_input = self
             .input()
             .to_distributed_with_required(required_order, &input_required)?;
-        let mut new_logical = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut new_logical = self.core.clone();
         new_logical.input = new_input;
         let batch_plan = BatchHopWindow::new(
             new_logical,
@@ -113,15 +113,10 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchHopWindow {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchHopWindow {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::HopWindow(HopWindowNode {
-            time_col: self.logical.time_col.index() as _,
-            window_slide: Some(self.logical.window_slide.into()),
-            window_size: Some(self.logical.window_size.into()),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            time_col: self.core.time_col.index() as _,
+            window_slide: Some(self.core.window_slide.into()),
+            window_size: Some(self.core.window_size.into()),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
             window_start_exprs: self
                 .window_start_exprs
                 .clone()
@@ -152,7 +147,7 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchHopWindow {
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
         Self::new(
-            self.logical.clone(),
+            self.core.clone(),
             self.window_start_exprs
                 .clone()
                 .into_iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
index 305de0e2f6eaa..0a2d2dddec8c5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
@@ -28,40 +28,38 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchInsert {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    pub logical: generic::Insert<PlanRef>,
+    pub core: generic::Insert<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchInsert {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Insert<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(logical.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Insert<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(core.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
         let base: PlanBase = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
             Order::any(),
         );
 
-        BatchInsert { base, logical }
+        BatchInsert { base, core }
     }
 }
 
 impl Distill for BatchInsert {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let vec = self
-            .logical
-            .fields_pretty(self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose());
+        let vec = self.core.fields_pretty(self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose());
         childless_record("BatchInsert", vec)
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchInsert {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -77,14 +75,9 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchInsert {
 
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchInsert {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        let column_indices = self
-            .logical
-            .column_indices
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&i| i as u32)
-            .collect();
+        let column_indices = self.core.column_indices.iter().map(|&i| i as u32).collect();
 
-        let default_columns = &self.logical.default_columns;
+        let default_columns = &self.core.default_columns;
         let has_default_columns = !default_columns.is_empty();
         let default_columns = DefaultColumns {
             default_columns: default_columns
@@ -96,16 +89,16 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchInsert {
                 .collect(),
         };
         NodeBody::Insert(InsertNode {
-            table_id: self.logical.table_id.table_id(),
-            table_version_id: self.logical.table_version_id,
+            table_id: self.core.table_id.table_id(),
+            table_version_id: self.core.table_version_id,
             column_indices,
             default_columns: if has_default_columns {
                 Some(default_columns)
             } else {
                 None
             },
-            row_id_index: self.logical.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
-            returning: self.logical.returning,
+            row_id_index: self.core.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
+            returning: self.core.returning,
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
index e617f1c2cd544..17ee2c3fb69f3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
@@ -27,21 +27,21 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchLimit {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Limit<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Limit<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchLimit {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Limit<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Limit<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
-            logical.input.order().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
+            core.input.order().clone(),
         );
-        BatchLimit { base, logical }
+        BatchLimit { base, core }
     }
 
     fn two_phase_limit(&self, new_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        let new_limit = self.logical.limit + self.logical.offset;
+        let new_limit = self.core.limit + self.core.offset;
         let new_offset = 0;
         let logical_partial_limit = generic::Limit::new(new_input.clone(), new_limit, new_offset);
         let batch_partial_limit = Self::new(logical_partial_limit);
@@ -60,27 +60,27 @@ impl BatchLimit {
     }
 
     pub fn limit(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.logical.limit
+        self.core.limit
     }
 
     pub fn offset(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.logical.offset
+        self.core.offset
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchLimit {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut core = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
         core.input = input;
         Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! {BatchLimit}
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchLimit, logical, "BatchLimit");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchLimit, core, "BatchLimit");
 
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchLimit {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchLimit {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchLimit {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::Limit(LimitNode {
-            limit: self.logical.limit,
-            offset: self.logical.offset,
+            limit: self.core.limit,
+            offset: self.core.offset,
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
index 3098019499b76..99eb905da4661 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchLookupJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
 
     /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
     /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub struct BatchLookupJoin {
 
 impl BatchLookupJoin {
     pub fn new(
-        logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+        core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
         eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate,
         right_table_desc: TableDesc,
         right_output_column_ids: Vec<ColumnId>,
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ impl BatchLookupJoin {
         // lookup.
         assert!(eq_join_predicate.has_eq());
         assert!(eq_join_predicate.eq_keys_are_type_aligned());
-        let dist = Self::derive_dist(logical.left.distribution(), &logical);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
+        let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), &core);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate,
             right_table_desc,
             right_output_column_ids,
@@ -80,13 +80,11 @@ impl BatchLookupJoin {
         }
     }
 
-    fn derive_dist(left: &Distribution, logical: &generic::Join<PlanRef>) -> Distribution {
+    fn derive_dist(left: &Distribution, core: &generic::Join<PlanRef>) -> Distribution {
         match left {
             Distribution::Single => Distribution::Single,
             Distribution::HashShard(_) | Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(_, _) => {
-                let l2o = logical
-                    .l2i_col_mapping()
-                    .composite(&logical.i2o_col_mapping());
+                let l2o = core.l2i_col_mapping().composite(&core.i2o_col_mapping());
                 l2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(left)
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -116,9 +114,9 @@ impl Distill for BatchLookupJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&EqJoinPredicateDisplay {
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ impl Distill for BatchLookupJoin {
         ));
 
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
 
@@ -138,15 +136,15 @@ impl Distill for BatchLookupJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchLookupJoin {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     // Only change left side
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = input;
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = input;
         Self::new(
-            logical,
+            core,
             self.eq_join_predicate.clone(),
             self.right_table_desc.clone(),
             self.right_output_column_ids.clone(),
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchLookupJoin {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         if self.distributed_lookup {
             NodeBody::DistributedLookupJoin(DistributedLookupJoinNode {
-                join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+                join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
                 condition: self
                     .eq_join_predicate
                     .other_cond()
@@ -223,18 +221,13 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchLookupJoin {
                     .iter()
                     .map(ColumnId::get_id)
                     .collect(),
-                output_indices: self
-                    .logical
-                    .output_indices
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                    .collect(),
+                output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
                 null_safe: self.eq_join_predicate.null_safes(),
                 lookup_prefix_len: self.lookup_prefix_len as u32,
             })
         } else {
             NodeBody::LocalLookupJoin(LocalLookupJoinNode {
-                join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+                join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
                 condition: self
                     .eq_join_predicate
                     .other_cond()
@@ -259,12 +252,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchLookupJoin {
                     .iter()
                     .map(ColumnId::get_id)
                     .collect(),
-                output_indices: self
-                    .logical
-                    .output_indices
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                    .collect(),
+                output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
                 worker_nodes: vec![], // To be filled in at local.rs
                 null_safe: self.eq_join_predicate.null_safes(),
                 lookup_prefix_len: self.lookup_prefix_len as u32,
@@ -289,11 +277,11 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchLookupJoin {
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
         let base = self.base.clone_with_new_plan_id();
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate: self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r),
             ..Self::clone(self)
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
index 79d9f07d8eadc..d743523d05911 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ use crate::utils::ConditionDisplay;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchNestedLoopJoin {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let dist = Self::derive_dist(logical.left.distribution(), logical.right.distribution());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
-        Self { base, logical }
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), core.right.distribution());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        Self { base, core }
     }
 
     fn derive_dist(left: &Distribution, right: &Distribution) -> Distribution {
@@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ impl Distill for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&ConditionDisplay {
-                condition: &self.logical.on,
+                condition: &self.core.on,
                 input_schema: &concat_schema,
             }),
         ));
 
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
 
@@ -75,18 +75,18 @@ impl Distill for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeBinary for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     fn left(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     fn right(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.right.clone()
+        self.core.right.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_left_right(&self, left: PlanRef, right: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = left;
-        logical.right = right;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = left;
+        core.right = right;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,14 +108,9 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::NestedLoopJoin(NestedLoopJoinNode {
-            join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
-            join_cond: Some(ExprImpl::from(self.logical.on.clone()).to_expr_proto()),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
+            join_cond: Some(ExprImpl::from(self.core.on.clone()).to_expr_proto()),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -138,8 +133,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
index aa6e53246697e..f04587059aecd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
@@ -28,27 +28,26 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchOverWindow {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchOverWindow {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
 
-        let input = &logical.input;
+        let input = &core.input;
         let input_dist = input.distribution().clone();
 
         let order = Order::new(
-            logical
-                .partition_key_indices()
+            core.partition_key_indices()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|idx| ColumnOrder::new(idx, OrderType::default()))
-                .chain(logical.order_key().iter().cloned())
+                .chain(core.order_key().iter().cloned())
                 .collect(),
         );
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, input_dist, order);
-        BatchOverWindow { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, input_dist, order);
+        BatchOverWindow { base, core }
     }
 
     fn expected_input_order(&self) -> Order {
@@ -56,17 +55,17 @@ impl BatchOverWindow {
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchOverWindow, logical, "BatchOverWindow");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchOverWindow, core, "BatchOverWindow");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchOverWindow {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchOverWindow {
             &self.expected_input_order(),
             &RequiredDist::shard_by_key(
                 self.input().schema().len(),
-                &self.logical.partition_key_indices(),
+                &self.core.partition_key_indices(),
             ),
         )?;
         Ok(self.clone_with_input(new_input).into())
@@ -98,13 +97,13 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchOverWindow {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::SortOverWindow(SortOverWindowNode {
             calls: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .window_functions()
                 .iter()
                 .map(PlanWindowFunction::to_protobuf)
                 .collect(),
             partition_by: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .partition_key_indices()
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|idx| idx as _)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
index d3979b8aebdee..591d7d13caed8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
@@ -31,46 +31,46 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchProject {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchProject {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Project<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let distribution = logical
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Project<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_distribution(logical.input.distribution());
-        let order = logical
+            .rewrite_provided_distribution(core.input.distribution());
+        let order = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_order(logical.input.order());
+            .rewrite_provided_order(core.input.order());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, distribution, order);
-        BatchProject { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, distribution, order);
+        BatchProject { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn as_logical(&self) -> &generic::Project<PlanRef> {
-        &self.logical
+        &self.core
     }
 
     pub fn exprs(&self) -> &Vec<ExprImpl> {
-        &self.logical.exprs
+        &self.core.exprs
     }
 }
 
 impl Distill for BatchProject {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        childless_record("BatchProject", self.logical.fields_pretty(self.schema()))
+        childless_record("BatchProject", self.core.fields_pretty(self.schema()))
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchProject {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchProject {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchProject {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         let select_list = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .exprs
             .iter()
             .map(|expr| expr.to_expr_proto())
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchProject {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
index b86211aaaa211..331ca8e5235de 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
@@ -29,35 +29,35 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchProjectSet {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchProjectSet {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let distribution = logical
+    pub fn new(core: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_distribution(logical.input.distribution());
+            .rewrite_provided_distribution(core.input.distribution());
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             distribution,
-            logical.get_out_column_index_order(),
+            core.get_out_column_index_order(),
         );
-        BatchProjectSet { base, logical }
+        BatchProjectSet { base, core }
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchProjectSet, logical, "BatchProjectSet");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchProjectSet, core, "BatchProjectSet");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchProjectSet {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchProjectSet {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         NodeBody::ProjectSet(ProjectSetNode {
             select_list: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .select_list
                 .iter()
                 .map(|select_item| select_item.to_project_set_select_item_proto())
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchProjectSet {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
index cfc557fe375c6..dc0e553caf308 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
@@ -35,25 +35,25 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, DistributionDisplay, Order};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchSeqScan {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Scan,
+    core: generic::Scan,
     scan_ranges: Vec<ScanRange>,
 }
 
 impl BatchSeqScan {
-    fn new_inner(logical: generic::Scan, dist: Distribution, scan_ranges: Vec<ScanRange>) -> Self {
+    fn new_inner(core: generic::Scan, dist: Distribution, scan_ranges: Vec<ScanRange>) -> Self {
         let order = if scan_ranges.len() > 1 {
             Order::any()
         } else {
-            logical.get_out_column_index_order()
+            core.get_out_column_index_order()
         };
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, order);
 
         {
             // validate scan_range
             scan_ranges.iter().for_each(|scan_range| {
                 assert!(!scan_range.is_full_table_scan());
                 let scan_pk_prefix_len = scan_range.eq_conds.len();
-                let order_len = logical.table_desc.order_column_indices().len();
+                let order_len = core.table_desc.order_column_indices().len();
                 assert!(
                     scan_pk_prefix_len < order_len
                         || (scan_pk_prefix_len == order_len && is_full_range(&scan_range.range)),
@@ -64,23 +64,23 @@ impl BatchSeqScan {
 
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             scan_ranges,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Scan, scan_ranges: Vec<ScanRange>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Scan, scan_ranges: Vec<ScanRange>) -> Self {
         // Use `Single` by default, will be updated later with `clone_with_dist`.
-        Self::new_inner(logical, Distribution::Single, scan_ranges)
+        Self::new_inner(core, Distribution::Single, scan_ranges)
     }
 
     fn clone_with_dist(&self) -> Self {
         Self::new_inner(
-            self.logical.clone(),
-            if self.logical.is_sys_table {
+            self.core.clone(),
+            if self.core.is_sys_table {
                 Distribution::Single
             } else {
-                match self.logical.distribution_key() {
+                match self.core.distribution_key() {
                     None => Distribution::SomeShard,
                     Some(distribution_key) => {
                         if distribution_key.is_empty() {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl BatchSeqScan {
                             // inserted.
                             Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(
                                 distribution_key,
-                                self.logical.table_desc.table_id,
+                                self.core.table_desc.table_id,
                             )
                         }
                     }
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ impl BatchSeqScan {
 
     /// Get a reference to the batch seq scan's logical.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn logical(&self) -> &generic::Scan {
-        &self.logical
+    pub fn core(&self) -> &generic::Scan {
+        &self.core
     }
 
     pub fn scan_ranges(&self) -> &[ScanRange] {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ impl BatchSeqScan {
 
     fn scan_ranges_as_strs(&self, verbose: bool) -> Vec<String> {
         let order_names = match verbose {
-            true => self.logical.order_names_with_table_prefix(),
-            false => self.logical.order_names(),
+            true => self.core.order_names_with_table_prefix(),
+            false => self.core.order_names(),
         };
         let mut range_strs = vec![];
 
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ impl Distill for BatchSeqScan {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(4);
-        vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.logical.table_name.clone())));
-        vec.push(("columns", self.logical.columns_pretty(verbose)));
+        vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.core.table_name.clone())));
+        vec.push(("columns", self.core.columns_pretty(verbose)));
 
         if !self.scan_ranges.is_empty() {
             let range_strs = self.scan_ranges_as_strs(verbose);
@@ -214,22 +214,22 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSeqScan {
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchSeqScan {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
         let column_descs = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .column_descs()
             .iter()
             .map(PbColumnDesc::from)
             .collect();
 
-        if self.logical.is_sys_table {
+        if self.core.is_sys_table {
             NodeBody::SysRowSeqScan(SysRowSeqScanNode {
-                table_id: self.logical.table_desc.table_id.table_id,
+                table_id: self.core.table_desc.table_id.table_id,
                 column_descs,
             })
         } else {
             NodeBody::RowSeqScan(RowSeqScanNode {
-                table_desc: Some(self.logical.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
+                table_desc: Some(self.core.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
                 column_ids: self
-                    .logical
+                    .core
                     .output_column_ids()
                     .iter()
                     .map(ColumnId::get_id)
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchSeqScan {
                 vnode_bitmap: None,
                 ordered: !self.order().is_any(),
                 chunk_size: self
-                    .logical
+                    .core
                     .chunk_size
                     .map(|chunk_size| ChunkSize { chunk_size }),
             })
@@ -249,18 +249,18 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchSeqScan {
 
 impl ToLocalBatch for BatchSeqScan {
     fn to_local(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        let dist = if self.logical.is_sys_table {
+        let dist = if self.core.is_sys_table {
             Distribution::Single
-        } else if let Some(distribution_key) = self.logical.distribution_key()
+        } else if let Some(distribution_key) = self.core.distribution_key()
             && !distribution_key.is_empty()
         {
-            Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(distribution_key, self.logical.table_desc.table_id)
+            Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(distribution_key, self.core.table_desc.table_id)
         } else {
             // NOTE(kwannoel): This is a hack to force an exchange to always be inserted before
             // scan.
             Distribution::SomeShard
         };
-        Ok(Self::new_inner(self.logical.clone(), dist, self.scan_ranges.clone()).into())
+        Ok(Self::new_inner(self.core.clone(), dist, self.scan_ranges.clone()).into())
     }
 }
 
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchSeqScan {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.scan_ranges.clone()).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.scan_ranges.clone()).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
index b414779385200..ff184324a5fb9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchSimpleAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchSimpleAgg {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input_dist = logical.input.distribution().clone();
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, input_dist, Order::any());
-        BatchSimpleAgg { base, logical }
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input_dist = core.input.distribution().clone();
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, input_dist, Order::any());
+        BatchSimpleAgg { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 
     fn two_phase_agg_enabled(&self) -> bool {
@@ -46,24 +46,24 @@ impl BatchSimpleAgg {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn can_two_phase_agg(&self) -> bool {
-        self.logical.can_two_phase_agg() && self.two_phase_agg_enabled()
+        self.core.can_two_phase_agg() && self.two_phase_agg_enabled()
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchSimpleAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         Self::new(generic::Agg {
             input,
-            ..self.logical.clone()
+            ..self.core.clone()
         })
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { BatchSimpleAgg }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchSimpleAgg, logical, "BatchSimpleAgg");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchSimpleAgg, core, "BatchSimpleAgg");
 
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSimpleAgg {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSimpleAgg {
 
             // insert total agg
             let total_agg_types = self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .agg_calls
                 .iter()
                 .enumerate()
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSimpleAgg {
                 })
                 .collect();
             let total_agg_logical =
-                generic::Agg::new(total_agg_types, self.logical.group_key.clone(), exchange);
+                generic::Agg::new(total_agg_types, self.core.group_key.clone(), exchange);
             Ok(BatchSimpleAgg::new(total_agg_logical).into())
         } else {
             let new_input = self
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchSimpleAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
index 241f1195352e3..00facef473a37 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ use crate::utils::{ColIndexMappingRewriteExt, IndexSet};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchSortAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
     input_order: Order,
 }
 
 impl BatchSortAgg {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(!logical.group_key.is_empty());
-        assert!(logical.input_provides_order_on_group_keys());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(!core.group_key.is_empty());
+        assert!(core.input_provides_order_on_group_keys());
 
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let input_dist = input.distribution();
-        let dist = logical
+        let dist = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input_dist);
         let input_order = Order {
@@ -47,46 +47,44 @@ impl BatchSortAgg {
                 .order()
                 .column_orders
                 .iter()
-                .filter(|o| logical.group_key.indices().any(|g_k| g_k == o.column_index))
+                .filter(|o| core.group_key.indices().any(|g_k| g_k == o.column_index))
                 .cloned()
                 .collect(),
         };
 
-        let order = logical
-            .i2o_col_mapping()
-            .rewrite_provided_order(&input_order);
+        let order = core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_provided_order(&input_order);
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, order);
 
         BatchSortAgg {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             input_order,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 
     pub fn group_key(&self) -> &IndexSet {
-        &self.logical.group_key
+        &self.core.group_key
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchSortAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { BatchSortAgg }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchSortAgg, logical, "BatchSortAgg");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchSortAgg, core, "BatchSortAgg");
 
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSortAgg {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -136,7 +134,7 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchSortAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut new_logical = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut new_logical = self.core.clone();
         new_logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
         Self::new(new_logical).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
index 3adfbf670343a..8d43b4a7f6663 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchSource {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Source,
+    core: generic::Source,
 }
 
 impl BatchSource {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Source) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Source) -> Self {
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             // Use `Single` by default, will be updated later with `clone_with_dist`.
             Distribution::Single,
             Order::any(),
         );
 
-        Self { base, logical }
+        Self { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn column_names(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ impl BatchSource {
     }
 
     pub fn source_catalog(&self) -> Option<Rc<SourceCatalog>> {
-        self.logical.catalog.clone()
+        self.core.catalog.clone()
     }
 
     pub fn kafka_timestamp_range_value(&self) -> (Option<i64>, Option<i64>) {
-        self.logical.kafka_timestamp_range_value()
+        self.core.kafka_timestamp_range_value()
     }
 
     pub fn clone_with_dist(&self) -> Self {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl BatchSource {
         base.dist = Distribution::SomeShard;
         Self {
             base,
-            logical: self.logical.clone(),
+            core: self.core.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl ToBatchPb for BatchSource {
             source_id: source_catalog.id,
             info: Some(source_catalog.info.clone()),
             columns: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .column_catalog
                 .iter()
                 .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
index b8b5ba710e468..e5f44bd2ef0e2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
@@ -29,38 +29,34 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchTopN {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchTopN {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.group_key.is_empty());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.group_key.is_empty());
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &logical,
-            logical.input.distribution().clone(),
+            &core,
+            core.input.distribution().clone(),
             // BatchTopN outputs data in the order of specified order
-            logical.order.clone(),
+            core.order.clone(),
         );
-        BatchTopN { base, logical }
+        BatchTopN { base, core }
     }
 
     fn two_phase_topn(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let new_limit = TopNLimit::new(
-            self.logical.limit_attr.limit() + self.logical.offset,
-            self.logical.limit_attr.with_ties(),
+            self.core.limit_attr.limit() + self.core.offset,
+            self.core.limit_attr.with_ties(),
         );
         let new_offset = 0;
-        let partial_input: PlanRef = if input.order().satisfies(&self.logical.order) {
+        let partial_input: PlanRef = if input.order().satisfies(&self.core.order) {
             let logical_partial_limit = generic::Limit::new(input, new_limit.limit(), new_offset);
             let batch_partial_limit = BatchLimit::new(logical_partial_limit);
             batch_partial_limit.into()
         } else {
-            let logical_partial_topn = generic::TopN::without_group(
-                input,
-                new_limit,
-                new_offset,
-                self.logical.order.clone(),
-            );
+            let logical_partial_topn =
+                generic::TopN::without_group(input, new_limit, new_offset, self.core.order.clone());
             let batch_partial_topn = Self::new(logical_partial_topn);
             batch_partial_topn.into()
         };
@@ -78,17 +74,17 @@ impl BatchTopN {
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchTopN, logical, "BatchTopN");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchTopN, core, "BatchTopN");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchTopN {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -102,12 +98,12 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchTopN {
 
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchTopN {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        let column_orders = self.logical.order.to_protobuf();
+        let column_orders = self.core.order.to_protobuf();
         NodeBody::TopN(TopNNode {
-            limit: self.logical.limit_attr.limit(),
-            offset: self.logical.offset,
+            limit: self.core.limit_attr.limit(),
+            offset: self.core.offset,
             column_orders,
-            with_ties: self.logical.limit_attr.with_ties(),
+            with_ties: self.core.limit_attr.with_ties(),
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
index 1626d32db2cc8..31b4a541dfe4a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchUnion {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Union<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Union<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchUnion {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Union<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let dist = if logical
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Union<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let dist = if core
             .inputs
             .iter()
             .all(|input| *input.distribution() == Distribution::Single)
@@ -40,21 +40,21 @@ impl BatchUnion {
             Distribution::SomeShard
         };
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&logical, dist, Order::any());
-        BatchUnion { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        BatchUnion { base, core }
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchUnion, logical, "BatchUnion");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchUnion, core, "BatchUnion");
 
 impl PlanTreeNode for BatchUnion {
     fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[crate::optimizer::PlanRef; 2]> {
-        smallvec::SmallVec::from_vec(self.logical.inputs.clone())
+        smallvec::SmallVec::from_vec(self.core.inputs.clone())
     }
 
     fn clone_with_inputs(&self, inputs: &[crate::optimizer::PlanRef]) -> PlanRef {
         // For batch query, we don't need to clone `source_col`, so just use new.
-        let mut new = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut new = self.core.clone();
         new.inputs = inputs.to_vec();
         Self::new(new).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
index 19bb60b9aa1d8..feebedeb07aaf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
@@ -30,32 +30,32 @@ use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct BatchUpdate {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    pub logical: generic::Update<PlanRef>,
+    pub core: generic::Update<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl BatchUpdate {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Update<PlanRef>, schema: Schema) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(logical.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
-        let ctx = logical.input.ctx();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Update<PlanRef>, schema: Schema) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(core.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
+        let ctx = core.input.ctx();
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch(ctx, schema, Distribution::Single, Order::any());
-        Self { base, logical }
+        Self { base, core }
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchUpdate {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical, self.schema().clone())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core, self.schema().clone())
     }
 }
 
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { BatchUpdate }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchUpdate, logical, "BatchUpdate");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(BatchUpdate, core, "BatchUpdate");
 
 impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchUpdate {
     fn to_distributed(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
@@ -67,24 +67,19 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchUpdate {
 
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchUpdate {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        let exprs = self
-            .logical
-            .exprs
-            .iter()
-            .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto())
-            .collect();
+        let exprs = self.core.exprs.iter().map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()).collect();
 
         let update_column_indices = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .update_column_indices
             .iter()
             .map(|i| *i as _)
             .collect_vec();
         NodeBody::Update(UpdateNode {
             exprs,
-            table_id: self.logical.table_id.table_id(),
-            table_version_id: self.logical.table_version_id,
-            returning: self.logical.returning,
+            table_id: self.core.table_id.table_id(),
+            table_version_id: self.core.table_version_id,
+            returning: self.core.returning,
             update_column_indices,
         })
     }
@@ -104,8 +99,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for BatchUpdate {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.schema().clone()).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.schema().clone()).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
index cffe453879bde..0ad9b828ead4b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
     /// Should only be used iff input is distributed. Input must be converted to stream form.
     fn gen_stateless_two_phase_streaming_agg_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         debug_assert!(self.group_key().is_empty());
-        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-        logical.input = stream_input;
-        let local_agg = StreamStatelessSimpleAgg::new(logical);
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = stream_input;
+        let local_agg = StreamStatelessSimpleAgg::new(core);
         let exchange =
             RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(local_agg.into(), &Order::any())?;
         let global_agg = new_stream_simple_agg(Agg::new(
@@ -165,19 +165,19 @@ impl LogicalAgg {
     }
 
     fn gen_single_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
         let input = RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
-        logical.input = input;
-        Ok(new_stream_simple_agg(logical).into())
+        core.input = input;
+        Ok(new_stream_simple_agg(core).into())
     }
 
     fn gen_shuffle_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let input =
             RequiredDist::shard_by_key(stream_input.schema().len(), &self.group_key().to_vec())
                 .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
-        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Ok(new_stream_hash_agg(logical, None).into())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Ok(new_stream_hash_agg(core, None).into())
     }
 
     /// Generates distributed stream plan.
@@ -1125,13 +1125,13 @@ fn find_or_append_row_count(mut logical: Agg<PlanRef>) -> (Agg<PlanRef>, usize)
     (logical, row_count_idx)
 }
 
-fn new_stream_simple_agg(logical: Agg<PlanRef>) -> StreamSimpleAgg {
-    let (logical, row_count_idx) = find_or_append_row_count(logical);
+fn new_stream_simple_agg(core: Agg<PlanRef>) -> StreamSimpleAgg {
+    let (logical, row_count_idx) = find_or_append_row_count(core);
     StreamSimpleAgg::new(logical, row_count_idx)
 }
 
-fn new_stream_hash_agg(logical: Agg<PlanRef>, vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>) -> StreamHashAgg {
-    let (logical, row_count_idx) = find_or_append_row_count(logical);
+fn new_stream_hash_agg(core: Agg<PlanRef>, vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>) -> StreamHashAgg {
+    let (logical, row_count_idx) = find_or_append_row_count(core);
     StreamHashAgg::new(logical, vnode_col_idx, row_count_idx)
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
index 482c034302a38..f44000b502223 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ impl PredicatePushdown for LogicalInsert {
 impl ToBatch for LogicalInsert {
     fn to_batch(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let new_input = self.input().to_batch()?;
-        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-        logical.input = new_input;
-        Ok(BatchInsert::new(logical).into())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = new_input;
+        Ok(BatchInsert::new(core).into())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
index 5efe0dac01602..b1796ddc62752 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_over_window.rs
@@ -834,9 +834,9 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalOverWindow {
                     .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
             let sort = StreamEowcSort::new(sort_input, order_key_index);
 
-            let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-            logical.input = sort.into();
-            Ok(StreamEowcOverWindow::new(logical).into())
+            let mut core = self.core.clone();
+            core.input = sort.into();
+            Ok(StreamEowcOverWindow::new(core).into())
         } else {
             // General (Emit-On-Update) case
 
@@ -865,9 +865,9 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalOverWindow {
             let new_input =
                 RequiredDist::shard_by_key(stream_input.schema().len(), &partition_key_indices)
                     .enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
-            let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-            logical.input = new_input;
-            Ok(StreamOverWindow::new(logical).into())
+            let mut core = self.core.clone();
+            core.input = new_input;
+            Ok(StreamOverWindow::new(core).into())
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
index caf04021755f8..1d37da9eaa40f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ impl LogicalSource {
                 false,
                 FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical_source.column_catalog.len()),
             ),
-            logical: logical_source,
+            core: logical_source,
         }
         .into();
         new_s3_plan = RequiredDist::shard_by_key(3, &[0])
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
index f29ef16aa48ef..39d97a56fe3a6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_topn.rs
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ impl LogicalTopN {
 
     fn gen_single_stream_top_n_plan(&self, stream_input: PlanRef) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let input = RequiredDist::single().enforce_if_not_satisfies(stream_input, &Order::any())?;
-        let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Ok(StreamTopN::new(logical).into())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Ok(StreamTopN::new(core).into())
     }
 
     fn gen_vnode_two_phase_stream_top_n_plan(
@@ -336,9 +336,9 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalTopN {
             let input = self.input().to_stream(ctx)?;
             let input = RequiredDist::hash_shard(self.group_key())
                 .enforce_if_not_satisfies(input, &Order::any())?;
-            let mut logical = self.core.clone();
-            logical.input = input;
-            StreamGroupTopN::new(logical, None).into()
+            let mut core = self.core.clone();
+            core.input = input;
+            StreamGroupTopN::new(core, None).into()
         } else {
             self.gen_dist_stream_top_n_plan(self.input().to_stream(ctx)?)?
         })
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
index 847616629355e..6e96d0eab0e93 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
@@ -28,27 +28,27 @@ use crate::TableCatalog;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamDedup {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Dedup<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Dedup<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamDedup {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Dedup<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Dedup<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         // A dedup operator must be append-only.
         assert!(input.append_only());
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             true,
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
             input.watermark_columns().clone(),
         );
-        StreamDedup { base, logical }
+        StreamDedup { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn infer_internal_table_catalog(&self) -> TableCatalog {
-        let schema = self.logical.schema();
+        let schema = self.core.schema();
         let mut builder =
             TableCatalogBuilder::new(self.base.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl StreamDedup {
             builder.add_column(field);
         });
 
-        self.logical.dedup_cols.iter().for_each(|idx| {
+        self.core.dedup_cols.iter().for_each(|idx| {
             builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
         });
 
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@ impl StreamDedup {
 }
 
 // assert!(self.base.append_only());
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamDedup, logical, "StreamAppendOnlyDedup");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamDedup, core, "StreamAppendOnlyDedup");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamDedup {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamDedup {
         PbNodeBody::AppendOnlyDedup(DedupNode {
             state_table: Some(table_catalog.to_internal_table_prost()),
             dedup_column_indices: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .dedup_cols
                 .iter()
                 .map(|idx| *idx as _)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
index 580c3563bfa09..db9e6ac296bbf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamDeltaJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
 
     /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
     /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ pub struct StreamDeltaJoin {
 }
 
 impl StreamDeltaJoin {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
         // Inner join won't change the append-only behavior of the stream. The rest might.
-        let append_only = match logical.join_type {
-            JoinType::Inner => logical.left.append_only() && logical.right.append_only(),
+        let append_only = match core.join_type {
+            JoinType::Inner => core.left.append_only() && core.right.append_only(),
             _ => todo!("delta join only supports inner join for now"),
         };
         if eq_join_predicate.has_non_eq() {
@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ impl StreamDeltaJoin {
         let dist = Distribution::SomeShard;
 
         let watermark_columns = {
-            let from_left = logical
+            let from_left = core
                 .l2i_col_mapping()
-                .rewrite_bitset(logical.left.watermark_columns());
-            let from_right = logical
+                .rewrite_bitset(core.left.watermark_columns());
+            let from_right = core
                 .r2i_col_mapping()
-                .rewrite_bitset(logical.right.watermark_columns());
+                .rewrite_bitset(core.right.watermark_columns());
             let watermark_columns = from_left.bitand(&from_right);
-            logical.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns)
+            core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns)
         };
         // TODO: derive from input
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             append_only,
             false, // TODO(rc): derive EOWC property from input
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl StreamDeltaJoin {
 
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate,
         }
     }
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ impl Distill for StreamDeltaJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&EqJoinPredicateDisplay {
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamDeltaJoin {
         ));
 
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
 
@@ -114,18 +114,18 @@ impl Distill for StreamDeltaJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeBinary for StreamDeltaJoin {
     fn left(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     fn right(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.right.clone()
+        self.core.right.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_left_right(&self, left: PlanRef, right: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = left;
-        logical.right = right;
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = left;
+        core.right = right;
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamDeltaJoin {
         let right = self.right();
 
         let left_table = if let Some(stream_table_scan) = left.as_stream_table_scan() {
-            stream_table_scan.logical()
+            stream_table_scan.core()
         } else {
             unreachable!();
         };
         let left_table_desc = &*left_table.table_desc;
         let right_table = if let Some(stream_table_scan) = right.as_stream_table_scan() {
-            stream_table_scan.logical()
+            stream_table_scan.core()
         } else {
             unreachable!();
         };
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamDeltaJoin {
         // don't need an intermediate representation.
         let eq_join_predicate = &self.eq_join_predicate;
         NodeBody::DeltaIndexJoin(DeltaIndexJoinNode {
-            join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+            join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
             left_key: eq_join_predicate
                 .left_eq_indexes()
                 .iter()
@@ -192,12 +192,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamDeltaJoin {
                     .collect(),
                 table_desc: Some(right_table_desc.to_protobuf()),
             }),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -208,8 +203,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamDeltaJoin {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
index 797091338915e..9418af8e4a364 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -27,41 +27,41 @@ use crate::TableCatalog;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamEowcOverWindow {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
 
-        let input = &logical.input;
+        let input = &core.input;
         assert!(input.append_only());
         assert!(input.emit_on_window_close());
 
         // Should order by a single watermark column.
-        let order_key = &logical.window_functions[0].order_by;
+        let order_key = &core.window_functions[0].order_by;
         assert_eq!(order_key.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(order_key[0].order_type, OrderType::ascending());
         let order_key_idx = order_key[0].column_index;
-        let input_watermark_cols = logical.input.watermark_columns();
+        let input_watermark_cols = core.input.watermark_columns();
         assert!(input_watermark_cols.contains(order_key_idx));
 
         // `EowcOverWindowExecutor` cannot produce any watermark columns, because there may be some
         // ancient rows in some rarely updated partitions that are emitted at the end of time.
-        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             true,
             true,
             watermark_columns,
         );
-        StreamEowcOverWindow { base, logical }
+        StreamEowcOverWindow { base, core }
     }
 
     fn window_functions(&self) -> &[PlanWindowFunction] {
-        &self.logical.window_functions
+        &self.core.window_functions
     }
 
     fn partition_key_indices(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
     fn infer_state_table(&self) -> TableCatalog {
         // The EOWC over window state table has the same schema as the input.
 
-        let in_fields = self.logical.input.schema().fields();
+        let in_fields = self.core.input.schema().fields();
         let mut tbl_builder =
             TableCatalogBuilder::new(self.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
         for field in in_fields {
@@ -100,29 +100,29 @@ impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
             tbl_builder.add_order_column(order_key_index, OrderType::ascending());
             order_cols.insert(order_key_index);
         }
-        for idx in self.logical.input.expect_stream_key() {
+        for idx in self.core.input.expect_stream_key() {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
                 order_cols.insert(*idx);
             }
         }
 
-        let in_dist_key = self.logical.input.distribution().dist_column_indices();
+        let in_dist_key = self.core.input.distribution().dist_column_indices();
         tbl_builder.build(in_dist_key.to_vec(), read_prefix_len_hint)
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamEowcOverWindow, logical, "StreamEowcOverWindow");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamEowcOverWindow, core, "StreamEowcOverWindow");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamEowcOverWindow {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamEowcOverWindow }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
index c7a59b1f847fe..e0f8852a19fb5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamExpand {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Expand<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Expand<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamExpand {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Expand<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Expand<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
 
         let dist = match input.distribution() {
             Distribution::Single => Distribution::Single,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamExpand {
             Distribution::Broadcast => unreachable!(),
         };
 
-        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
         watermark_columns.extend(
             input
                 .watermark_columns()
@@ -49,34 +49,34 @@ impl StreamExpand {
         );
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
             watermark_columns,
         );
-        StreamExpand { base, logical }
+        StreamExpand { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn column_subsets(&self) -> &[Vec<usize>] {
-        &self.logical.column_subsets
+        &self.core.column_subsets
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamExpand {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamExpand }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamExpand, logical, "StreamExpand");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamExpand, core, "StreamExpand");
 
 impl StreamNode for StreamExpand {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, _state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
index ed4d506b47aef..ff4d344607776 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
@@ -26,43 +26,43 @@ use crate::utils::Condition;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamFilter {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Filter<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamFilter {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Filter<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         // Filter executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
             input.watermark_columns().clone(),
         );
-        StreamFilter { base, logical }
+        StreamFilter { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn predicate(&self) -> &Condition {
-        &self.logical.predicate
+        &self.core.predicate
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamFilter {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamFilter }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamFilter, logical, "StreamFilter");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamFilter, core, "StreamFilter");
 
 impl StreamNode for StreamFilter {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, _state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamFilter {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
index 4a1e449a21ab6..190c05c0a5ba1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 pub struct StreamFsFetch {
     pub base: PlanBase,
     input: PlanRef,
-    logical: generic::Source,
+    core: generic::Source,
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamFsFetch {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamFsFetch {
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        Self::new(input, self.logical.clone())
+        Self::new(input, self.core.clone())
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamFsFetch }
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ impl StreamFsFetch {
         Self {
             base,
             input,
-            logical: source,
+            core: source,
         }
     }
 
     fn get_columns(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        self.logical
+        self.core
             .column_catalog
             .iter()
             .map(|column| column.name())
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl StreamFsFetch {
     }
 
     pub fn source_catalog(&self) -> Option<Rc<SourceCatalog>> {
-        self.logical.catalog.clone()
+        self.core.catalog.clone()
     }
 }
 
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamFsFetch {
                     .to_internal_table_prost(),
             ),
             info: Some(source_catalog.info.clone()),
-            row_id_index: self.logical.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
+            row_id_index: self.core.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
             columns: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .column_catalog
                 .iter()
                 .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
index a6147164b8d45..14711d353f9d8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
@@ -27,24 +27,24 @@ use crate::PlanRef;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamGroupTopN {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
     /// an optional column index which is the vnode of each row computed by the input's consistent
     /// hash distribution
     vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 impl StreamGroupTopN {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>) -> Self {
-        assert!(!logical.group_key.is_empty());
-        assert!(logical.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
-        let input = &logical.input;
+    pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>, vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        assert!(!core.group_key.is_empty());
+        assert!(core.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
+        let input = &core.input;
         let schema = input.schema().clone();
 
         let watermark_columns = if input.append_only() {
             input.watermark_columns().clone()
         } else {
             let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(schema.len());
-            for &idx in &logical.group_key {
+            for &idx in &core.group_key {
                 if input.watermark_columns().contains(idx) {
                     watermark_columns.insert(idx);
                 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl StreamGroupTopN {
             watermark_columns
         };
 
-        let mut stream_key = logical
+        let mut stream_key = core
             .stream_key()
             .expect("logical node should have stream key here");
         if let Some(vnode_col_idx) = vnode_col_idx && stream_key.len() > 1 {
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ impl StreamGroupTopN {
         }
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream(
-            logical.ctx(),
-            logical.schema(),
+            core.ctx(),
+            core.schema(),
             Some(stream_key),
-            logical.functional_dependency(),
+            core.functional_dependency(),
             input.distribution().clone(),
             false,
             // TODO: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8348
@@ -76,25 +76,25 @@ impl StreamGroupTopN {
         );
         StreamGroupTopN {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             vnode_col_idx,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn limit_attr(&self) -> TopNLimit {
-        self.logical.limit_attr
+        self.core.limit_attr
     }
 
     pub fn offset(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.logical.offset
+        self.core.offset
     }
 
     pub fn topn_order(&self) -> &Order {
-        &self.logical.order
+        &self.core.order
     }
 
     pub fn group_key(&self) -> &[usize] {
-        &self.logical.group_key
+        &self.core.group_key
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamGroupTopN {
 
         let input = self.input();
         let table = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                 input.schema(),
                 input.ctx(),
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamGroupTopN {
         let name = plan_node_name!("StreamGroupTopN",
             { "append_only", self.input().append_only() },
         );
-        let mut node = self.logical.distill_with_name(name);
+        let mut node = self.core.distill_with_name(name);
         if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
             node.fields.push(("output_watermarks".into(), ow));
         }
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamGroupTopN }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamGroupTopN {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical, self.vnode_col_idx)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core, self.vnode_col_idx)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
index 5f0cfc16a4171..25e1ac801f97c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, ColIndexMappingRewriteExt, IndexSet};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamHashAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
 
     /// An optional column index which is the vnode of each row computed by the input's consistent
     /// hash distribution.
@@ -46,38 +46,38 @@ pub struct StreamHashAgg {
 
 impl StreamHashAgg {
     pub fn new(
-        logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+        core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
         vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
         row_count_idx: usize,
     ) -> Self {
-        Self::new_with_eowc(logical, vnode_col_idx, row_count_idx, false)
+        Self::new_with_eowc(core, vnode_col_idx, row_count_idx, false)
     }
 
     pub fn new_with_eowc(
-        logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+        core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
         vnode_col_idx: Option<usize>,
         row_count_idx: usize,
         emit_on_window_close: bool,
     ) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(logical.agg_calls[row_count_idx], PlanAggCall::count_star());
+        assert_eq!(core.agg_calls[row_count_idx], PlanAggCall::count_star());
 
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let input_dist = input.distribution();
-        let dist = logical
+        let dist = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input_dist);
 
-        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
         let mut window_col_idx = None;
-        let mapping = logical.i2o_col_mapping();
+        let mapping = core.i2o_col_mapping();
         if emit_on_window_close {
-            let wtmk_group_key = logical.watermark_group_key(input.watermark_columns());
+            let wtmk_group_key = core.watermark_group_key(input.watermark_columns());
             assert!(wtmk_group_key.len() == 1); // checked in `to_eowc_version`
             window_col_idx = Some(wtmk_group_key[0]);
             // EOWC HashAgg only produce one watermark column, i.e. the window column
             watermark_columns.insert(mapping.map(wtmk_group_key[0]));
         } else {
-            for idx in logical.group_key.indices() {
+            for idx in core.group_key.indices() {
                 if input.watermark_columns().contains(idx) {
                     watermark_columns.insert(mapping.map(idx));
                 }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
 
         // Hash agg executor might change the append-only behavior of the stream.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             emit_on_window_close, // in EOWC mode, we produce append only output
             emit_on_window_close,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
         );
         StreamHashAgg {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             vnode_col_idx,
             row_count_idx,
             emit_on_window_close,
@@ -103,22 +103,22 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 
     pub fn group_key(&self) -> &IndexSet {
-        &self.logical.group_key
+        &self.core.group_key
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn i2o_col_mapping(&self) -> ColIndexMapping {
-        self.logical.i2o_col_mapping()
+        self.core.i2o_col_mapping()
     }
 
     // TODO(rc): It'll be better to force creation of EOWC version through `new`, especially when we
     // optimize for 2-phase EOWC aggregation later.
     pub fn to_eowc_version(&self) -> Result<PlanRef> {
         let input = self.input();
-        let wtmk_group_key = self.logical.watermark_group_key(input.watermark_columns());
+        let wtmk_group_key = self.core.watermark_group_key(input.watermark_columns());
 
         if wtmk_group_key.is_empty() || wtmk_group_key.len() > 1 {
             return Err(ErrorCode::NotSupported(
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
         }
 
         Ok(Self::new_with_eowc(
-            self.logical.clone(),
+            self.core.clone(),
             self.vnode_col_idx,
             self.row_count_idx,
             true,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
 
 impl Distill for StreamHashAgg {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let mut vec = self.logical.fields_pretty();
+        let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
         if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
@@ -158,13 +158,13 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashAgg {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamHashAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let logical = generic::Agg {
             input,
-            ..self.logical.clone()
+            ..self.core.clone()
         };
         Self::new_with_eowc(
             logical,
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamHashAgg }
 impl StreamNode for StreamHashAgg {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
-        let (intermediate_state_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) = self
-            .logical
-            .infer_tables(&self.base, self.vnode_col_idx, self.window_col_idx);
+        let (intermediate_state_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) =
+            self.core
+                .infer_tables(&self.base, self.vnode_col_idx, self.window_col_idx);
 
         PbNodeBody::HashAgg(HashAggNode {
             group_key: self.group_key().to_vec_as_u32(),
@@ -225,10 +225,10 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamHashAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
         Self::new_with_eowc(
-            logical,
+            core,
             self.vnode_col_idx,
             self.row_count_idx,
             self.emit_on_window_close,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
index 989de9f8757e2..0075b1730b4eb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamHashJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
 
     /// The join condition must be equivalent to `logical.on`, but separated into equal and
     /// non-equal parts to facilitate execution later
@@ -63,18 +63,14 @@ pub struct StreamHashJoin {
 }
 
 impl StreamHashJoin {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
         // Inner join won't change the append-only behavior of the stream. The rest might.
-        let append_only = match logical.join_type {
-            JoinType::Inner => logical.left.append_only() && logical.right.append_only(),
+        let append_only = match core.join_type {
+            JoinType::Inner => core.left.append_only() && core.right.append_only(),
             _ => false,
         };
 
-        let dist = Self::derive_dist(
-            logical.left.distribution(),
-            logical.right.distribution(),
-            &logical,
-        );
+        let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), core.right.distribution(), &core);
 
         let mut inequality_pairs = vec![];
         let mut clean_left_state_conjunction_idx = None;
@@ -83,8 +79,8 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
         // Reorder `eq_join_predicate` by placing the watermark column at the beginning.
         let mut reorder_idx = vec![];
         for (i, (left_key, right_key)) in eq_join_predicate.eq_indexes().iter().enumerate() {
-            if logical.left.watermark_columns().contains(*left_key)
-                && logical.right.watermark_columns().contains(*right_key)
+            if core.left.watermark_columns().contains(*left_key)
+                && core.right.watermark_columns().contains(*right_key)
             {
                 reorder_idx.push(i);
             }
@@ -92,14 +88,14 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
         let eq_join_predicate = eq_join_predicate.reorder(&reorder_idx);
 
         let watermark_columns = {
-            let l2i = logical.l2i_col_mapping();
-            let r2i = logical.r2i_col_mapping();
+            let l2i = core.l2i_col_mapping();
+            let r2i = core.r2i_col_mapping();
 
             let mut equal_condition_clean_state = false;
-            let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.internal_column_num());
+            let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.internal_column_num());
             for (left_key, right_key) in eq_join_predicate.eq_indexes() {
-                if logical.left.watermark_columns().contains(left_key)
-                    && logical.right.watermark_columns().contains(right_key)
+                if core.left.watermark_columns().contains(left_key)
+                    && core.right.watermark_columns().contains(right_key)
                 {
                     equal_condition_clean_state = true;
                     if let Some(internal) = l2i.try_map(left_key) {
@@ -121,20 +117,14 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
             ) in original_inequality_pairs
             {
                 let both_upstream_has_watermark = if key_required_larger < key_required_smaller {
-                    logical
-                        .left
-                        .watermark_columns()
-                        .contains(key_required_larger)
-                        && logical
+                    core.left.watermark_columns().contains(key_required_larger)
+                        && core
                             .right
                             .watermark_columns()
                             .contains(key_required_smaller - left_cols_num)
                 } else {
-                    logical
-                        .left
-                        .watermark_columns()
-                        .contains(key_required_smaller)
-                        && logical
+                    core.left.watermark_columns().contains(key_required_smaller)
+                        && core
                             .right
                             .watermark_columns()
                             .contains(key_required_larger - left_cols_num)
@@ -184,12 +174,12 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
                     ));
                 }
             }
-            logical.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns)
+            core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns)
         };
 
         // TODO: derive from input
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             append_only,
             false, // TODO(rc): derive EOWC property from input
@@ -198,7 +188,7 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
 
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate,
             inequality_pairs,
             is_append_only: append_only,
@@ -209,7 +199,7 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
 
     /// Get join type
     pub fn join_type(&self) -> JoinType {
-        self.logical.join_type
+        self.core.join_type
     }
 
     /// Get a reference to the batch hash join's eq join predicate.
@@ -256,7 +246,7 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
 
     /// Convert this hash join to a delta join plan
     pub fn into_delta_join(self) -> StreamDeltaJoin {
-        StreamDeltaJoin::new(self.logical, self.eq_join_predicate)
+        StreamDeltaJoin::new(self.core, self.eq_join_predicate)
     }
 
     pub fn derive_dist_key_in_join_key(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
@@ -303,9 +293,9 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashJoin {
         );
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(6);
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&EqJoinPredicateDisplay {
@@ -331,7 +321,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashJoin {
         }
 
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
 
@@ -341,18 +331,18 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeBinary for StreamHashJoin {
     fn left(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     fn right(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.right.clone()
+        self.core.right.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_left_right(&self, left: PlanRef, right: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = left;
-        logical.right = right;
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = left;
+        core.right = right;
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -402,7 +392,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamHashJoin {
         let null_safe_prost = self.eq_join_predicate.null_safes().into_iter().collect();
 
         NodeBody::HashJoin(HashJoinNode {
-            join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+            join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
             left_key: left_jk_indices_prost,
             right_key: right_jk_indices_prost,
             null_safe: null_safe_prost,
@@ -443,12 +433,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamHashJoin {
             right_degree_table: Some(right_degree_table.to_internal_table_prost()),
             left_deduped_input_pk_indices,
             right_deduped_input_pk_indices,
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
             is_append_only: self.is_append_only,
         })
     }
@@ -460,8 +445,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamHashJoin {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
index 3780a6cda3f57..c68b1b307d470 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
@@ -27,37 +27,37 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamHopWindow {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
     window_start_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
     window_end_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
 }
 
 impl StreamHopWindow {
     pub fn new(
-        logical: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
+        core: generic::HopWindow<PlanRef>,
         window_start_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
         window_end_exprs: Vec<ExprImpl>,
     ) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
-        let i2o = logical.i2o_col_mapping();
+        let input = core.input.clone();
+        let i2o = core.i2o_col_mapping();
         let dist = i2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(input.distribution());
 
         let mut watermark_columns = input.watermark_columns().clone();
-        watermark_columns.grow(logical.internal_column_num());
+        watermark_columns.grow(core.internal_column_num());
 
-        if watermark_columns.contains(logical.time_col.index) {
+        if watermark_columns.contains(core.time_col.index) {
             // Watermark on `time_col` indicates watermark on both `window_start` and `window_end`.
-            watermark_columns.insert(logical.internal_window_start_col_idx());
-            watermark_columns.insert(logical.internal_window_end_col_idx());
+            watermark_columns.insert(core.internal_window_start_col_idx());
+            watermark_columns.insert(core.internal_window_end_col_idx());
         }
         let watermark_columns = ColIndexMapping::with_remaining_columns(
-            &logical.output_indices,
-            logical.internal_column_num(),
+            &core.output_indices,
+            core.internal_column_num(),
         )
         .rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns);
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl StreamHopWindow {
         );
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             window_start_exprs,
             window_end_exprs,
         }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl StreamHopWindow {
 
 impl Distill for StreamHopWindow {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let mut vec = self.logical.fields_pretty();
+        let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
         if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ impl Distill for StreamHopWindow {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamHopWindow {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
         Self::new(
-            logical,
+            core,
             self.window_start_exprs.clone(),
             self.window_end_exprs.clone(),
         )
@@ -103,15 +103,10 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! {StreamHopWindow}
 impl StreamNode for StreamHopWindow {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, _state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
         PbNodeBody::HopWindow(HopWindowNode {
-            time_col: self.logical.time_col.index() as _,
-            window_slide: Some(self.logical.window_slide.into()),
-            window_size: Some(self.logical.window_size.into()),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
+            time_col: self.core.time_col.index() as _,
+            window_slide: Some(self.core.window_slide.into()),
+            window_size: Some(self.core.window_size.into()),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
             window_start_exprs: self
                 .window_start_exprs
                 .clone()
@@ -135,7 +130,7 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamHopWindow {
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
         Self::new(
-            self.logical.clone(),
+            self.core.clone(),
             self.window_start_exprs
                 .clone()
                 .into_iter()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
index d3a89129b4b82..0d749f0c7b0e6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
@@ -27,69 +27,69 @@ use crate::TableCatalog;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamOverWindow {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamOverWindow {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::OverWindow<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.funcs_have_same_partition_and_order());
 
-        let input = &logical.input;
-        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let input = &core.input;
+        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             false, // general over window cannot be append-only
             false,
             watermark_columns,
         );
-        StreamOverWindow { base, logical }
+        StreamOverWindow { base, core }
     }
 
     fn infer_state_table(&self) -> TableCatalog {
         let mut tbl_builder =
             TableCatalogBuilder::new(self.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset());
 
-        let out_schema = self.logical.schema();
+        let out_schema = self.core.schema();
         for field in out_schema.fields() {
             tbl_builder.add_column(field);
         }
 
         let mut order_cols = HashSet::new();
-        for idx in self.logical.partition_key_indices() {
+        for idx in self.core.partition_key_indices() {
             if order_cols.insert(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(idx, OrderType::ascending());
             }
         }
         let read_prefix_len_hint = tbl_builder.get_current_pk_len();
-        for o in self.logical.order_key() {
+        for o in self.core.order_key() {
             if order_cols.insert(o.column_index) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(o.column_index, o.order_type);
             }
         }
-        for &idx in self.logical.input.expect_stream_key() {
+        for &idx in self.core.input.expect_stream_key() {
             if order_cols.insert(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(idx, OrderType::ascending());
             }
         }
 
-        let in_dist_key = self.logical.input.distribution().dist_column_indices();
+        let in_dist_key = self.core.input.distribution().dist_column_indices();
         tbl_builder.build(in_dist_key.to_vec(), read_prefix_len_hint)
     }
 }
 
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamOverWindow, logical, "StreamOverWindow");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamOverWindow, core, "StreamOverWindow");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamOverWindow {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamOverWindow }
@@ -99,19 +99,19 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamOverWindow {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
 
         let calls = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .window_functions()
             .iter()
             .map(PlanWindowFunction::to_protobuf)
             .collect();
         let partition_by = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .partition_key_indices()
             .into_iter()
             .map(|idx| idx as _)
             .collect();
         let order_by = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .order_key()
             .iter()
             .map(ColumnOrder::to_protobuf)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
index 8e1b30eaafad2..8a7665881e0cf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamProject {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Project<PlanRef>,
     /// All the watermark derivations, (input_column_index, output_column_index). And the
     /// derivation expression is the project's expression itself.
     watermark_derivations: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct StreamProject {
 impl Distill for StreamProject {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let schema = self.schema();
-        let mut vec = self.logical.fields_pretty(schema);
+        let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty(schema);
         if let Some(display_output_watermarks) =
             watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, schema)
         {
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ impl Distill for StreamProject {
 }
 
 impl StreamProject {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Project<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
-        let distribution = logical
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Project<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
+        let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input.distribution());
 
         let mut watermark_derivations = vec![];
         let mut nondecreasing_exprs = vec![];
-        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.exprs.len());
-        for (expr_idx, expr) in logical.exprs.iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.exprs.len());
+        for (expr_idx, expr) in core.exprs.iter().enumerate() {
             match try_derive_watermark(expr) {
                 WatermarkDerivation::Watermark(input_idx) => {
                     if input.watermark_columns().contains(input_idx) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl StreamProject {
         // Project executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream, so it depends on
         // input's `append_only`.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
@@ -88,30 +88,30 @@ impl StreamProject {
         );
         StreamProject {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             watermark_derivations,
             nondecreasing_exprs,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn as_logical(&self) -> &generic::Project<PlanRef> {
-        &self.logical
+        &self.core
     }
 
     pub fn exprs(&self) -> &Vec<ExprImpl> {
-        &self.logical.exprs
+        &self.core.exprs
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamProject {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! {StreamProject}
@@ -124,12 +124,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamProject {
             .map(|(i, o)| (*i as u32, *o as u32))
             .unzip();
         PbNodeBody::Project(ProjectNode {
-            select_list: self
-                .logical
-                .exprs
-                .iter()
-                .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto())
-                .collect(),
+            select_list: self.core.exprs.iter().map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()).collect(),
             watermark_input_cols,
             watermark_output_cols,
             nondecreasing_exprs: self.nondecreasing_exprs.iter().map(|i| *i as _).collect(),
@@ -143,8 +138,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamProject {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
index 97c4b70433cb1..cadd600f3c3b7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamProjectSet {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>,
     /// All the watermark derivations, (input_column_idx, expr_idx). And the
     /// derivation expression is the project_set's expression itself.
     watermark_derivations: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
@@ -36,16 +36,16 @@ pub struct StreamProjectSet {
 }
 
 impl StreamProjectSet {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
-        let distribution = logical
+    pub fn new(core: generic::ProjectSet<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
+        let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input.distribution());
 
         let mut watermark_derivations = vec![];
         let mut nondecreasing_exprs = vec![];
-        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
-        for (expr_idx, expr) in logical.select_list.iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
+        for (expr_idx, expr) in core.select_list.iter().enumerate() {
             match try_derive_watermark(expr) {
                 WatermarkDerivation::Watermark(input_idx) => {
                     if input.watermark_columns().contains(input_idx) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl StreamProjectSet {
         // ProjectSet executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream, so it depends on
         // input's `append_only`.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
@@ -75,24 +75,24 @@ impl StreamProjectSet {
         );
         StreamProjectSet {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             watermark_derivations,
             nondecreasing_exprs,
         }
     }
 }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamProjectSet, logical, "StreamProjectSet");
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamProjectSet, core, "StreamProjectSet");
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamProjectSet }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamProjectSet {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamProjectSet {
             .unzip();
         PbNodeBody::ProjectSet(ProjectSetNode {
             select_list: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .select_list
                 .iter()
                 .map(|select_item| select_item.to_project_set_select_item_proto())
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamProjectSet {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
index 969527fa69702..8b406005f40a6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
@@ -26,22 +26,22 @@ use crate::Explain;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamShare {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Share<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Share<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamShare {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Share<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.borrow().0.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Share<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.borrow().0.clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         // Filter executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
             input.watermark_columns().clone(),
         );
-        StreamShare { base, logical }
+        StreamShare { base, core }
     }
 }
 
@@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ impl Distill for StreamShare {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamShare {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.borrow().clone()
+        self.core.input.borrow().clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.replace_input(input);
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let core = self.core.clone();
+        core.replace_input(input);
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
 impl StreamShare {
     pub fn replace_input(&self, plan: PlanRef) {
-        self.logical.replace_input(plan);
+        self.core.replace_input(plan);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
index f0c0bab5fae77..59311dd22226c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamSimpleAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
 
     /// The index of `count(*)` in `agg_calls`.
     row_count_idx: usize,
 }
 
 impl StreamSimpleAgg {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>, row_count_idx: usize) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(logical.agg_calls[row_count_idx], PlanAggCall::count_star());
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>, row_count_idx: usize) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(core.agg_calls[row_count_idx], PlanAggCall::count_star());
 
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let input_dist = input.distribution();
         let dist = match input_dist {
             Distribution::Single => Distribution::Single,
@@ -45,20 +45,19 @@ impl StreamSimpleAgg {
         };
 
         // Empty because watermark column(s) must be in group key and simple agg have no group key.
-        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
         // Simple agg executor might change the append-only behavior of the stream.
-        let base =
-            PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&logical, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
         StreamSimpleAgg {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             row_count_idx,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 }
 
@@ -67,19 +66,19 @@ impl Distill for StreamSimpleAgg {
         let name = plan_node_name!("StreamSimpleAgg",
             { "append_only", self.input().append_only() },
         );
-        childless_record(name, self.logical.fields_pretty())
+        childless_record(name, self.core.fields_pretty())
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamSimpleAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let logical = generic::Agg {
             input,
-            ..self.logical.clone()
+            ..self.core.clone()
         };
         Self::new(logical, self.row_count_idx)
     }
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSimpleAgg {
     fn to_stream_prost_body(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbNodeBody {
         use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::*;
         let (intermediate_state_table, agg_states, distinct_dedup_tables) =
-            self.logical.infer_tables(&self.base, None, None);
+            self.core.infer_tables(&self.base, None, None);
 
         PbNodeBody::SimpleAgg(SimpleAggNode {
             agg_calls: self
@@ -138,8 +137,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamSimpleAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.row_count_idx).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.row_count_idx).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
index a870be1de5840..377e2704776bb 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamSource {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    pub(crate) logical: generic::Source,
+    pub(crate) core: generic::Source,
 }
 
 impl StreamSource {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Source) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Source) -> Self {
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             Distribution::SomeShard,
-            logical.catalog.as_ref().map_or(true, |s| s.append_only),
+            core.catalog.as_ref().map_or(true, |s| s.append_only),
             false,
-            FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.column_catalog.len()),
+            FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.column_catalog.len()),
         );
-        Self { base, logical }
+        Self { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn source_catalog(&self) -> Option<Rc<SourceCatalog>> {
-        self.logical.catalog.clone()
+        self.core.catalog.clone()
     }
 }
 
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSource {
                     .to_internal_table_prost(),
             ),
             info: Some(source_catalog.info.clone()),
-            row_id_index: self.logical.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
+            row_id_index: self.core.row_id_index.map(|index| index as _),
             columns: self
-                .logical
+                .core
                 .column_catalog
                 .iter()
                 .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 296c58944fac0..0af7ebded94d9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -32,52 +32,48 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let input = logical.input.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let input = core.input.clone();
         let input_dist = input.distribution();
         debug_assert!(input_dist.satisfies(&RequiredDist::AnyShard));
 
-        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.output_len());
+        let mut watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
         // Watermark column(s) must be in group key.
-        for (idx, input_idx) in logical.group_key.indices().enumerate() {
+        for (idx, input_idx) in core.group_key.indices().enumerate() {
             if input.watermark_columns().contains(input_idx) {
                 watermark_columns.insert(idx);
             }
         }
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             input_dist.clone(),
             input.append_only(),
             input.emit_on_window_close(),
             watermark_columns,
         );
-        StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { base, logical }
+        StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn agg_calls(&self) -> &[PlanAggCall] {
-        &self.logical.agg_calls
+        &self.core.agg_calls
     }
 }
-impl_distill_by_unit!(
-    StreamStatelessSimpleAgg,
-    logical,
-    "StreamStatelessSimpleAgg"
-);
+impl_distill_by_unit!(StreamStatelessSimpleAgg, core, "StreamStatelessSimpleAgg");
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamStatelessSimpleAgg }
@@ -112,8 +108,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index dfe1243e881db..907a41db28525 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -40,56 +40,53 @@ use crate::{Explain, TableCatalog};
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamTableScan {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Scan,
+    core: generic::Scan,
     batch_plan_id: PlanNodeId,
     chain_type: ChainType,
 }
 
 impl StreamTableScan {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Scan) -> Self {
-        Self::new_with_chain_type(logical, ChainType::Backfill)
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Scan) -> Self {
+        Self::new_with_chain_type(core, ChainType::Backfill)
     }
 
-    pub fn new_with_chain_type(logical: generic::Scan, chain_type: ChainType) -> Self {
-        let batch_plan_id = logical.ctx.next_plan_node_id();
+    pub fn new_with_chain_type(core: generic::Scan, chain_type: ChainType) -> Self {
+        let batch_plan_id = core.ctx.next_plan_node_id();
 
         let distribution = {
-            match logical.distribution_key() {
+            match core.distribution_key() {
                 Some(distribution_key) => {
                     if distribution_key.is_empty() {
                         Distribution::Single
                     } else {
                         // See also `BatchSeqScan::clone_with_dist`.
-                        Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(
-                            distribution_key,
-                            logical.table_desc.table_id,
-                        )
+                        Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(distribution_key, core.table_desc.table_id)
                     }
                 }
                 None => Distribution::SomeShard,
             }
         };
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             distribution,
-            logical.table_desc.append_only,
+            core.table_desc.append_only,
             false,
-            logical.watermark_columns(),
+            core.watermark_columns(),
         );
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             batch_plan_id,
             chain_type,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn table_name(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.logical.table_name
+        &self.core.table_name
     }
 
-    pub fn logical(&self) -> &generic::Scan {
-        &self.logical
+    pub fn core(&self) -> &generic::Scan {
+        &self.core
     }
 
     pub fn to_index_scan(
@@ -100,7 +97,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
         function_mapping: &HashMap<FunctionCall, usize>,
         chain_type: ChainType,
     ) -> StreamTableScan {
-        let logical_index_scan = self.logical.to_index_scan(
+        let logical_index_scan = self.core.to_index_scan(
             index_name,
             index_table_desc,
             primary_to_secondary_mapping,
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
     ) -> TableCatalog {
         let properties = self.ctx().with_options().internal_table_subset();
         let mut catalog_builder = TableCatalogBuilder::new(properties);
-        let upstream_schema = &self.logical.table_desc.columns;
+        let upstream_schema = &self.core.table_desc.columns;
 
         // We use vnode as primary key in state table.
         // If `Distribution::Single`, vnode will just be `VirtualNode::default()`.
@@ -161,7 +158,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
         catalog_builder.add_order_column(0, OrderType::ascending());
 
         // pk columns
-        for col_order in self.logical.primary_key() {
+        for col_order in self.core.primary_key() {
             let col = &upstream_schema[col_order.column_index];
             catalog_builder.add_column(&Field::from(col));
         }
@@ -197,8 +194,8 @@ impl Distill for StreamTableScan {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(4);
-        vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.logical.table_name.clone())));
-        vec.push(("columns", self.logical.columns_pretty(verbose)));
+        vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.core.table_name.clone())));
+        vec.push(("columns", self.core.columns_pretty(verbose)));
 
         if verbose {
             let pk = IndicesDisplay {
@@ -242,9 +239,9 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
         // The required columns from the table (both scan and upstream).
         let upstream_column_ids = match self.chain_type {
             // For backfill, we additionally need the primary key columns.
-            ChainType::Backfill => self.logical.output_and_pk_column_ids(),
+            ChainType::Backfill => self.core.output_and_pk_column_ids(),
             ChainType::Chain | ChainType::Rearrange | ChainType::UpstreamOnly => {
-                self.logical.output_column_ids()
+                self.core.output_column_ids()
             }
             ChainType::ChainUnspecified => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -257,7 +254,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
             .iter()
             .map(|&id| {
                 let col = self
-                    .logical
+                    .core
                     .table_desc
                     .columns
                     .iter()
@@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
             .collect_vec();
 
         let output_indices = self
-            .logical
+            .core
             .output_column_ids()
             .iter()
             .map(|i| {
@@ -281,7 +278,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
 
         // TODO: snapshot read of upstream mview
         let batch_plan_node = BatchPlanNode {
-            table_desc: Some(self.logical.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
+            table_desc: Some(self.core.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
             column_ids: upstream_column_ids.clone(),
         };
 
@@ -311,13 +308,13 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
                 },
             ],
             node_body: Some(PbNodeBody::Chain(ChainNode {
-                table_id: self.logical.table_desc.table_id.table_id,
+                table_id: self.core.table_desc.table_id.table_id,
                 chain_type: self.chain_type as i32,
                 // The column indices need to be forwarded to the downstream
                 output_indices,
                 upstream_column_ids,
                 // The table desc used by backfill executor
-                table_desc: Some(self.logical.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
+                table_desc: Some(self.core.table_desc.to_protobuf()),
                 state_table: Some(catalog),
                 rate_limit: self
                     .base
@@ -344,8 +341,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamTableScan {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new_with_chain_type(logical, self.chain_type).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new_with_chain_type(core, self.chain_type).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
index eb883103fe511..2191ca322342d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ use crate::utils::ColIndexMappingRewriteExt;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamTemporalJoin {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Join<PlanRef>,
     eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate,
 }
 
 impl StreamTemporalJoin {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.join_type == JoinType::Inner || logical.join_type == JoinType::LeftOuter);
-        assert!(logical.left.append_only());
-        let right = logical.right.clone();
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.join_type == JoinType::Inner || core.join_type == JoinType::LeftOuter);
+        assert!(core.left.append_only());
+        let right = core.right.clone();
         let exchange: &StreamExchange = right
             .as_stream_exchange()
             .expect("should be a no shuffle stream exchange");
@@ -49,22 +49,20 @@ impl StreamTemporalJoin {
         let scan: &StreamTableScan = exchange_input
             .as_stream_table_scan()
             .expect("should be a stream table scan");
-        assert!(scan.logical().for_system_time_as_of_proctime);
+        assert!(scan.core().for_system_time_as_of_proctime);
 
-        let l2o = logical
-            .l2i_col_mapping()
-            .composite(&logical.i2o_col_mapping());
-        let dist = l2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(logical.left.distribution());
+        let l2o = core.l2i_col_mapping().composite(&core.i2o_col_mapping());
+        let dist = l2o.rewrite_provided_distribution(core.left.distribution());
 
         // Use left side watermark directly.
-        let watermark_columns = logical.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(
-            &logical
+        let watermark_columns = core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(
+            &core
                 .l2i_col_mapping()
-                .rewrite_bitset(logical.left.watermark_columns()),
+                .rewrite_bitset(core.left.watermark_columns()),
         );
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             true,
             false, // TODO(rc): derive EOWC property from input
@@ -73,14 +71,14 @@ impl StreamTemporalJoin {
 
         Self {
             base,
-            logical,
+            core,
             eq_join_predicate,
         }
     }
 
     /// Get join type
     pub fn join_type(&self) -> JoinType {
-        self.logical.join_type
+        self.core.join_type
     }
 
     pub fn eq_join_predicate(&self) -> &EqJoinPredicate {
@@ -92,9 +90,9 @@ impl Distill for StreamTemporalJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
-        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.logical.join_type)));
+        vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
-        let concat_schema = self.logical.concat_schema();
+        let concat_schema = self.core.concat_schema();
         vec.push((
             "predicate",
             Pretty::debug(&EqJoinPredicateDisplay {
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamTemporalJoin {
         }
 
         if verbose {
-            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.logical, &concat_schema);
+            let data = IndicesDisplay::from_join(&self.core, &concat_schema);
             vec.push(("output", data));
         }
 
@@ -118,18 +116,18 @@ impl Distill for StreamTemporalJoin {
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeBinary for StreamTemporalJoin {
     fn left(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.left.clone()
+        self.core.left.clone()
     }
 
     fn right(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.right.clone()
+        self.core.right.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_left_right(&self, left: PlanRef, right: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.left = left;
-        logical.right = right;
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.left = left;
+        core.right = right;
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamTemporalJoin {
             .expect("should be a stream table scan");
 
         NodeBody::TemporalJoin(TemporalJoinNode {
-            join_type: self.logical.join_type as i32,
+            join_type: self.core.join_type as i32,
             left_key: left_jk_indices_prost,
             right_key: right_jk_indices_prost,
             null_safe: null_safe_prost,
@@ -164,19 +162,9 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamTemporalJoin {
                 .other_cond()
                 .as_expr_unless_true()
                 .map(|x| x.to_expr_proto()),
-            output_indices: self
-                .logical
-                .output_indices
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&x| x as u32)
-                .collect(),
-            table_desc: Some(scan.logical().table_desc.to_protobuf()),
-            table_output_indices: scan
-                .logical()
-                .output_col_idx
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&i| i as _)
-                .collect(),
+            output_indices: self.core.output_indices.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect(),
+            table_desc: Some(scan.core().table_desc.to_protobuf()),
+            table_output_indices: scan.core().output_col_idx.iter().map(|&i| i as _).collect(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -187,8 +175,8 @@ impl ExprRewritable for StreamTemporalJoin {
     }
 
     fn rewrite_exprs(&self, r: &mut dyn ExprRewriter) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.rewrite_exprs(r);
-        Self::new(logical, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.rewrite_exprs(r);
+        Self::new(core, self.eq_join_predicate.rewrite_exprs(r)).into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
index 641b144242a92..e7a880fa7d757 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
@@ -26,35 +26,34 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamTopN {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamTopN {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        assert!(logical.group_key.is_empty());
-        assert!(logical.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
-        let input = &logical.input;
+    pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        assert!(core.group_key.is_empty());
+        assert!(core.limit_attr.limit() > 0);
+        let input = &core.input;
         let dist = match input.distribution() {
             Distribution::Single => Distribution::Single,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(input.schema().len());
 
-        let base =
-            PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&logical, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
-        StreamTopN { base, logical }
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
+        StreamTopN { base, core }
     }
 
     pub fn limit_attr(&self) -> TopNLimit {
-        self.logical.limit_attr
+        self.core.limit_attr
     }
 
     pub fn offset(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.logical.offset
+        self.core.offset
     }
 
     pub fn topn_order(&self) -> &Order {
-        &self.logical.order
+        &self.core.order
     }
 }
 
@@ -63,19 +62,19 @@ impl Distill for StreamTopN {
         let name = plan_node_name!("StreamTopN",
             { "append_only", self.input().append_only() },
         );
-        self.logical.distill_with_name(name)
+        self.core.distill_with_name(name)
     }
 }
 
 impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamTopN {
     fn input(&self) -> PlanRef {
-        self.logical.input.clone()
+        self.core.input.clone()
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        let mut logical = self.logical.clone();
-        logical.input = input;
-        Self::new(logical)
+        let mut core = self.core.clone();
+        core.input = input;
+        Self::new(core)
     }
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamTopN {
             offset: self.offset(),
             with_ties: self.limit_attr().with_ties(),
             table: Some(
-                self.logical
+                self.core
                     .infer_internal_table_catalog(
                         input.schema(),
                         input.ctx(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
index 1d259115b5ced..8f6353d6be44c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct StreamUnion {
     pub base: PlanBase,
-    logical: generic::Union<PlanRef>,
+    core: generic::Union<PlanRef>,
 }
 
 impl StreamUnion {
-    pub fn new(logical: generic::Union<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let inputs = &logical.inputs;
+    pub fn new(core: generic::Union<PlanRef>) -> Self {
+        let inputs = &core.inputs;
         let dist = inputs[0].distribution().clone();
         assert!(inputs.iter().all(|input| *input.distribution() == dist));
         let watermark_columns = inputs.iter().fold(
             {
-                let mut bitset = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(logical.schema().len());
+                let mut bitset = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.schema().len());
                 bitset.toggle_range(..);
                 bitset
             },
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@ impl StreamUnion {
         );
 
         let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
-            &logical,
+            &core,
             dist,
             inputs.iter().all(|x| x.append_only()),
             inputs.iter().all(|x| x.emit_on_window_close()),
             watermark_columns,
         );
-        StreamUnion { base, logical }
+        StreamUnion { base, core }
     }
 }
 
 impl Distill for StreamUnion {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let mut vec = self.logical.fields_pretty();
+        let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
         if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ impl Distill for StreamUnion {
 
 impl PlanTreeNode for StreamUnion {
     fn inputs(&self) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[crate::optimizer::PlanRef; 2]> {
-        smallvec::SmallVec::from_vec(self.logical.inputs.clone())
+        smallvec::SmallVec::from_vec(self.core.inputs.clone())
     }
 
     fn clone_with_inputs(&self, inputs: &[crate::optimizer::PlanRef]) -> PlanRef {
-        let mut new = self.logical.clone();
+        let mut new = self.core.clone();
         new.inputs = inputs.to_vec();
         Self::new(new).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
index a4b7102906c69..770f099aab529 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/relation_collector_visitor.rs
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ impl PlanVisitor for RelationCollectorVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_batch_seq_scan(&mut self, plan: &crate::optimizer::plan_node::BatchSeqScan) {
-        if !plan.logical().is_sys_table {
-            self.relations.insert(plan.logical().table_desc.table_id);
+        if !plan.core().is_sys_table {
+            self.relations.insert(plan.core().table_desc.table_id);
         }
     }
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl PlanVisitor for RelationCollectorVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_stream_table_scan(&mut self, plan: &StreamTableScan) {
-        let logical = plan.logical();
+        let logical = plan.core();
         if !logical.is_sys_table {
             self.relations.insert(logical.table_desc.table_id);
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
index 35f4a7246e49a..dcbfb2d93d3f5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/sys_table_visitor.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl PlanVisitor for SysTableVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_batch_seq_scan(&mut self, batch_seq_scan: &BatchSeqScan) -> bool {
-        batch_seq_scan.logical().is_sys_table
+        batch_seq_scan.core().is_sys_table
     }
 
     fn visit_logical_scan(&mut self, logical_scan: &LogicalScan) -> bool {
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ impl PlanVisitor for SysTableVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_stream_table_scan(&mut self, stream_table_scan: &StreamTableScan) -> bool {
-        stream_table_scan.logical().is_sys_table
+        stream_table_scan.core().is_sys_table
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
index d7da70b7a030b..e80fcddb87324 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/temporal_join_validator.rs
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ impl PlanVisitor for TemporalJoinValidator {
     }
 
     fn visit_stream_table_scan(&mut self, stream_table_scan: &StreamTableScan) -> bool {
-        stream_table_scan.logical().for_system_time_as_of_proctime
+        stream_table_scan.core().for_system_time_as_of_proctime
     }
 
     fn visit_batch_seq_scan(&mut self, batch_seq_scan: &BatchSeqScan) -> bool {
-        batch_seq_scan.logical().for_system_time_as_of_proctime
+        batch_seq_scan.core().for_system_time_as_of_proctime
     }
 
     fn visit_logical_scan(&mut self, logical_scan: &LogicalScan) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_delta_join_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_delta_join_rule.rs
index e9147ce0ec882..30435d635568b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_delta_join_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_delta_join_rule.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl Rule for IndexDeltaJoinRule {
             table_scan: &StreamTableScan,
             chain_type: ChainType,
         ) -> Option<PlanRef> {
-            for index in &table_scan.logical().indexes {
+            for index in &table_scan.core().indexes {
                 // Only full covering index can be used in delta join
                 if !index.full_covering() {
                     continue;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl Rule for IndexDeltaJoinRule {
                 // keys here.
                 let join_indices_ref_to_index_table = join_indices
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|&i| table_scan.logical().output_col_idx[i])
+                    .map(|&i| table_scan.core().output_col_idx[i])
                     .map(|x| *p2s_mapping.get(&x).unwrap())
                     .collect_vec();
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Rule for IndexDeltaJoinRule {
             }
 
             // Primary table is also an index.
-            let primary_table = table_scan.logical();
+            let primary_table = table_scan.core();
             if let Some(primary_table_distribution_key) = primary_table.distribution_key()
                 && primary_table_distribution_key == join_indices
             {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl Rule for IndexDeltaJoinRule {
                 if chain_type != table_scan.chain_type() {
                     Some(
                         StreamTableScan::new_with_chain_type(
-                            table_scan.logical().clone(),
+                            table_scan.core().clone(),
                             chain_type,
                         )
                         .into(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
index 7fa512fcbb05a..4e16bc6cd0b21 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
@@ -918,11 +918,11 @@ impl BatchPlanFragmenter {
         }
 
         if let Some(scan_node) = node.as_batch_seq_scan() {
-            let name = scan_node.logical().table_name.to_owned();
-            let info = if scan_node.logical().is_sys_table {
+            let name = scan_node.core().table_name.to_owned();
+            let info = if scan_node.core().is_sys_table {
                 TableScanInfo::system_table(name)
             } else {
-                let table_desc = &*scan_node.logical().table_desc;
+                let table_desc = &*scan_node.core().table_desc;
                 let table_catalog = self
                     .catalog_reader
                     .read_guard()
@@ -951,11 +951,11 @@ impl BatchPlanFragmenter {
             return None;
         }
         if let Some(insert) = node.as_batch_insert() {
-            Some(insert.logical.table_id)
+            Some(insert.core.table_id)
         } else if let Some(update) = node.as_batch_update() {
-            Some(update.logical.table_id)
+            Some(update.core.table_id)
         } else if let Some(delete) = node.as_batch_delete() {
-            Some(delete.logical.table_id)
+            Some(delete.core.table_id)
         } else {
             node.inputs()
                 .into_iter()

From 8b8c14c8b5304fbef1802fa3b57f059f5418ba96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 15:22:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 408/430] feat: Integrate SQL election backend into the
 existing ORM. (#12976)

Signed-off-by: Shanicky Chen <peng@risingwave-labs.com>
---
 risedev.yml                                   |  15 +
 src/meta/node/src/server.rs                   |  59 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs      |  29 -
 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs      |  29 -
 .../migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs    |  60 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |   2 -
 src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs              |   2 -
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs              |   4 +
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs              | 562 ++++++++++++------
 9 files changed, 448 insertions(+), 314 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs

diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index 8367c9fe99d9b..a5ba8a7b43f97 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -270,6 +270,21 @@ profile:
         exporter-port: 21250
       - use: compactor
 
+  3meta:
+    steps:
+      - use: meta-node
+        port: 5690
+        dashboard-port: 5691
+        exporter-port: 1250
+      - use: meta-node
+        port: 15690
+        dashboard-port: 15691
+        exporter-port: 11250
+      - use: meta-node
+        port: 25690
+        dashboard-port: 25691
+        exporter-port: 21250
+
   3etcd-3meta-1cn-1fe:
     steps:
       - use: minio
diff --git a/src/meta/node/src/server.rs b/src/meta/node/src/server.rs
index d5cbfa3e3b26a..d922f1c37e033 100644
--- a/src/meta/node/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/meta/node/src/server.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::meta::telemetry_info_service_server::TelemetryInfoServiceServ
 use risingwave_pb::meta::SystemParams;
 use risingwave_pb::user::user_service_server::UserServiceServer;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::ComputeClientPool;
+use sea_orm::{ConnectionTrait, DbBackend};
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::{channel as OneChannel, Receiver as OneReceiver};
 use tokio::sync::watch;
 use tokio::sync::watch::{Receiver as WatchReceiver, Sender as WatchSender};
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ use crate::manager::{
 };
 use crate::rpc::cloud_provider::AwsEc2Client;
 use crate::rpc::election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
+use crate::rpc::election::sql::{
+    MySqlDriver, PostgresDriver, SqlBackendElectionClient, SqliteDriver,
+};
 use crate::rpc::metrics::{
     start_fragment_info_monitor, start_worker_info_monitor, GLOBAL_META_METRICS,
 };
@@ -119,6 +123,27 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
         }
         None => None,
     };
+
+    let mut election_client = if let Some(sql_store) = &meta_store_sql {
+        let id = address_info.advertise_addr.clone();
+        let conn = sql_store.conn.clone();
+        let election_client: ElectionClientRef = match conn.get_database_backend() {
+            DbBackend::Sqlite => {
+                Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient::new(id, SqliteDriver::new(conn)))
+            }
+            DbBackend::Postgres => {
+                Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient::new(id, PostgresDriver::new(conn)))
+            }
+            DbBackend::MySql => Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient::new(id, MySqlDriver::new(conn))),
+        };
+
+        election_client.init().await?;
+
+        Some(election_client)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
     match meta_store_backend {
         MetaStoreBackend::Etcd {
             endpoints,
@@ -136,25 +161,27 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
                     .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to connect etcd {}", e))?;
             let meta_store = EtcdMetaStore::new(client).into_ref();
 
-            // `with_keep_alive` option will break the long connection in election client.
-            let mut election_options = ConnectOptions::default();
-            if let Some((username, password)) = &credentials {
-                election_options = election_options.with_user(username, password)
-            }
+            if election_client.is_none() {
+                // `with_keep_alive` option will break the long connection in election client.
+                let mut election_options = ConnectOptions::default();
+                if let Some((username, password)) = &credentials {
+                    election_options = election_options.with_user(username, password)
+                }
 
-            let election_client = Arc::new(
-                EtcdElectionClient::new(
-                    endpoints,
-                    Some(election_options),
-                    auth_enabled,
-                    address_info.advertise_addr.clone(),
-                )
-                .await?,
-            );
+                election_client = Some(Arc::new(
+                    EtcdElectionClient::new(
+                        endpoints,
+                        Some(election_options),
+                        auth_enabled,
+                        address_info.advertise_addr.clone(),
+                    )
+                    .await?,
+                ));
+            }
 
             rpc_serve_with_store(
                 meta_store,
-                Some(election_client),
+                election_client,
                 meta_store_sql,
                 address_info,
                 max_cluster_heartbeat_interval,
@@ -167,7 +194,7 @@ pub async fn rpc_serve(
             let meta_store = MemStore::new().into_ref();
             rpc_serve_with_store(
                 meta_store,
-                None,
+                election_client,
                 meta_store_sql,
                 address_info,
                 max_cluster_heartbeat_interval,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b56991ffd26f9..0000000000000
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_leader.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
-#[sea_orm(table_name = "election_leader")]
-pub struct Model {
-    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub service: String,
-    pub id: String,
-    pub last_heartbeat: DateTime,
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
-pub enum Relation {}
-
-impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c441d5aa0b73..0000000000000
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/election_member.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
-#[sea_orm(table_name = "election_member")]
-pub struct Model {
-    pub service: String,
-    #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
-    pub id: String,
-    pub last_heartbeat: DateTime,
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
-pub enum Relation {}
-
-impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
index a50e3bcba6e69..43a8e5d24d22f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                 .has_table(SystemParameter::Table.to_string())
                 .await?
         );
-        assert!(!manager.has_table(ElectionLeader::Table.to_string()).await?);
-        assert!(!manager.has_table(ElectionMember::Table.to_string()).await?);
 
         // 2. create tables.
         manager
@@ -634,44 +632,6 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .to_owned(),
             )
             .await?;
-        manager
-            .create_table(
-                MigrationTable::create()
-                    .table(ElectionLeader::Table)
-                    .col(
-                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::Service)
-                            .string()
-                            .primary_key()
-                            .not_null(),
-                    )
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::Id).string().not_null())
-                    .col(
-                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionLeader::LastHeartbeat)
-                            .timestamp()
-                            .not_null(),
-                    )
-                    .to_owned(),
-            )
-            .await?;
-        manager
-            .create_table(
-                MigrationTable::create()
-                    .table(ElectionMember::Table)
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::Service).string().not_null())
-                    .col(
-                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::Id)
-                            .string()
-                            .primary_key()
-                            .not_null(),
-                    )
-                    .col(
-                        ColumnDef::new(ElectionMember::LastHeartbeat)
-                            .timestamp()
-                            .not_null(),
-                    )
-                    .to_owned(),
-            )
-            .await?;
 
         // 3. create indexes.
         manager
@@ -790,9 +750,7 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
             Function,
             Object,
             ObjectDependency,
-            SystemParameter,
-            ElectionLeader,
-            ElectionMember
+            SystemParameter
         );
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1023,19 +981,3 @@ enum SystemParameter {
     IsMutable,
     Description,
 }
-
-#[derive(DeriveIden)]
-enum ElectionLeader {
-    Table,
-    Service,
-    Id,
-    LastHeartbeat,
-}
-
-#[derive(DeriveIden)]
-enum ElectionMember {
-    Table,
-    Service,
-    Id,
-    LastHeartbeat,
-}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
index d053a513a9671..d799a608933ac 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ pub mod compaction_status;
 pub mod compaction_task;
 pub mod connection;
 pub mod database;
-pub mod election_leader;
-pub mod election_member;
 pub mod ext;
 pub mod fragment;
 pub mod function;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
index 37496e486afcb..ab9670f712f04 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/prelude.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ pub use super::compaction_status::Entity as CompactionStatus;
 pub use super::compaction_task::Entity as CompactionTask;
 pub use super::connection::Entity as Connection;
 pub use super::database::Entity as Database;
-pub use super::election_leader::Entity as ElectionLeader;
-pub use super::election_member::Entity as ElectionMember;
 pub use super::fragment::Entity as Fragment;
 pub use super::function::Entity as Function;
 pub use super::hummock_pinned_snapshot::Entity as HummockPinnedSnapshot;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
index 9835c554b3fd3..7916ddba6eea4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ pub struct ElectionMember {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait ElectionClient: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    async fn init(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     fn id(&self) -> MetaResult<String>;
     async fn run_once(&self, ttl: i64, stop: Receiver<()>) -> MetaResult<()>;
     fn subscribe(&self) -> Receiver<bool>;
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
index af8081f170089..fc985bd9a4521 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use sqlx::{MySql, MySqlPool, PgPool, Postgres, Sqlite, SqlitePool};
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use sea_orm::{
+    ConnectionTrait, DatabaseBackend, DatabaseConnection, FromQueryResult, Statement,
+    TransactionTrait, Value,
+};
 use tokio::sync::watch;
 use tokio::sync::watch::Receiver;
 use tokio::time;
@@ -29,7 +33,18 @@ pub struct SqlBackendElectionClient<T: SqlDriver> {
     is_leader_sender: watch::Sender<bool>,
 }
 
-#[derive(sqlx::FromRow, Debug)]
+impl<T: SqlDriver> SqlBackendElectionClient<T> {
+    pub fn new(id: String, driver: Arc<T>) -> Self {
+        let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
+        Self {
+            id,
+            driver,
+            is_leader_sender: sender,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(sqlx::FromRow, Debug, FromQueryResult)]
 pub struct ElectionRow {
     service: String,
     id: String,
@@ -37,6 +52,8 @@ pub struct ElectionRow {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    async fn init_database(&self) -> MetaResult<()>;
+
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()>;
 
     async fn try_campaign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str, ttl: i64)
@@ -50,7 +67,7 @@ pub trait SqlDriver: Send + Sync + 'static {
 
 pub trait SqlDriverCommon {
     const ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_leader";
-    const ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_members";
+    const ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_member";
 
     fn election_table_name() -> &'static str {
         Self::ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME
@@ -67,34 +84,69 @@ impl SqlDriverCommon for PostgresDriver {}
 impl SqlDriverCommon for SqliteDriver {}
 
 pub struct MySqlDriver {
-    pool: MySqlPool,
+    pub(crate) conn: DatabaseConnection,
+}
+
+impl MySqlDriver {
+    pub fn new(conn: DatabaseConnection) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self { conn })
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct PostgresDriver {
-    pool: PgPool,
+    pub(crate) conn: DatabaseConnection,
+}
+
+impl PostgresDriver {
+    pub fn new(conn: DatabaseConnection) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self { conn })
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct SqliteDriver {
-    pool: SqlitePool,
+    pub(crate) conn: DatabaseConnection,
+}
+
+impl SqliteDriver {
+    pub fn new(conn: DatabaseConnection) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self { conn })
+    }
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SqlDriver for SqliteDriver {
+    async fn init_database(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::Sqlite, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id));"#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::Sqlite, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service));"#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
-            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+        self.conn
+            .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
 VALUES($1, $2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
 ON CONFLICT (id, service)
 DO
    UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
 "#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(id)
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .execute(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(id), Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -104,79 +156,108 @@ DO
         id: &str,
         ttl: i64,
     ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Sqlite, ElectionRow>(&format!(
-            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
-VALUES ($1, $2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
-ON CONFLICT (service)
-    DO UPDATE
-    SET id             = CASE
-                             WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' second') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.id
-                             ELSE {table}.id
-        END,
-        last_heartbeat = CASE
-                             WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' seconds') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
-                             WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
-                             ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
-            END
-RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
-"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-            .bind(service_name)
-            .bind(id)
-            .bind(ttl)
-            .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+        let query_result = self.conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+        VALUES ($1, $2, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
+        ON CONFLICT (service)
+            DO UPDATE
+            SET id             = CASE
+                                     WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' second') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.id
+                                     ELSE {table}.id
+                END,
+                last_heartbeat = CASE
+                                     WHEN DATETIME({table}.last_heartbeat, '+' || $3 || ' seconds') < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                                     WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                                     ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
+                    END
+        RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
+        "#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id), Value::from(ttl)],
+            ))
             .await?;
 
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        let row = row.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("bad result from sqlite"))?;
+
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
             table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        let query_result = self
+            .conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
 
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        let all = self
+            .conn
+            .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
-        Ok(row)
+        let rows = all
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .collect::<Result<_, sea_orm::DbErr>>()?;
+
+        Ok(rows)
     }
 
     async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        let txn = self.conn.begin().await?;
+
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ),
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ),
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
         txn.commit().await?;
@@ -187,19 +268,39 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SqlDriver for MySqlDriver {
+    async fn init_database(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::MySql, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id));"#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::MySql, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service));"#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
 VALUES(?, ?, NOW())
 ON duplicate KEY
    UPDATE last_heartbeat = VALUES(last_heartbeat);
 "#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(id)
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .execute(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        self.conn
+            .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(id), Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -210,82 +311,119 @@ ON duplicate KEY
         id: &str,
         ttl: i64,
     ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
-        let _ = sqlx::query::<MySql>(&format!(
-            r#"INSERT
-    IGNORE
-INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
-VALUES (?, ?, NOW())
-ON duplicate KEY
-    UPDATE id             = if(last_heartbeat < NOW() - INTERVAL ? SECOND,
-                               VALUES(id), id),
-           last_heartbeat = if(id =
-                               VALUES(id),
-                               VALUES(last_heartbeat), last_heartbeat);"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .bind(ttl)
-        .execute(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        self.conn
+            .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT
+            IGNORE
+        INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+        VALUES (?, ?, NOW())
+        ON duplicate KEY
+            UPDATE id             = if(last_heartbeat < NOW() - INTERVAL ? SECOND,
+                                       VALUES(id), id),
+                   last_heartbeat = if(id =
+                                       VALUES(id),
+                                       VALUES(last_heartbeat), last_heartbeat);"#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id), Value::from(ttl)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name(),
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_one(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        let query_result = self
+            .conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name(),
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        let row = row.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("bad result from mysql"))?;
 
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
             table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        let query_result = self
+            .conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
 
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        let all = self
+            .conn
+            .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
-        Ok(row)
+        let rows = all
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .collect::<Result<_, sea_orm::DbErr>>()?;
+
+        Ok(rows)
     }
 
     async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        let txn = self.conn.begin().await?;
+
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ),
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
         "#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
+        );
+
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::MySql,
+            string,
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
         txn.commit().await?;
@@ -296,8 +434,24 @@ ON duplicate KEY
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl SqlDriver for PostgresDriver {
+    async fn init_database(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::Postgres, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR, id VARCHAR, last_heartbeat TIMESTAMPTZ, PRIMARY KEY (service, id));"#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        self.conn.execute(
+            Statement::from_string(DatabaseBackend::Postgres, format!(
+                r#"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (service VARCHAR, id VARCHAR, last_heartbeat TIMESTAMPTZ, PRIMARY KEY (service));"#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ))).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
 VALUES($1, $2, NOW())
 ON CONFLICT (id, service)
@@ -305,11 +459,15 @@ DO
    UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
 "#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(id)
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .execute(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        self.conn
+            .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(id), Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -320,7 +478,7 @@ DO
         id: &str,
         ttl: i64,
     ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
 VALUES ($1, $2, NOW())
 ON CONFLICT (service)
@@ -337,62 +495,101 @@ ON CONFLICT (service)
 RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
 "#,
             table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-            .bind(service_name)
-            .bind(id)
-            .bind(Duration::from_secs(ttl as u64))
-            .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+        );
+
+        let query_result = self
+            .conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+                string,
+                vec![
+                    Value::from(service_name),
+                    Value::from(id),
+                    // special handling for interval
+                    Value::from(ttl.to_string()),
+                ],
+            ))
             .await?;
 
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        let row = row.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("bad result from postgres"))?;
+
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        let query_result = self
+            .conn
+            .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        let row = query_result
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .transpose()?;
 
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
-        let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
-        ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
+        );
+
+        let all = self
+            .conn
+            .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+                DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+                string,
+                vec![Value::from(service_name)],
+            ))
+            .await?;
 
-        Ok(row)
+        let rows = all
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|query_result| ElectionRow::from_query_result(&query_result, ""))
+            .collect::<Result<_, sea_orm::DbErr>>()?;
+
+        Ok(rows)
     }
 
     async fn resign(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let mut txn = self.pool.begin().await?;
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
+        let txn = self.conn.begin().await?;
+
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::election_table_name()
+            ),
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
-        sqlx::query(&format!(
+        let string = format!(
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
         "#,
             table = Self::member_table_name()
+        );
+
+        txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
+            string,
+            vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
-        .bind(service_name)
-        .bind(id)
-        .execute(&mut *txn)
         .await?;
 
         txn.commit().await?;
@@ -406,6 +603,11 @@ impl<T> ElectionClient for SqlBackendElectionClient<T>
 where
     T: SqlDriver + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
+    async fn init(&self) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        tracing::info!("initializing database for Sql backend election client");
+        self.driver.init_database().await
+    }
+
     fn id(&self) -> MetaResult<String> {
         Ok(self.id.clone())
     }
@@ -540,34 +742,40 @@ where
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
-    use sqlx::sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions;
-    use sqlx::SqlitePool;
+    use sea_orm::{ConnectionTrait, Database, DatabaseConnection, DbBackend, Statement};
     use tokio::sync::watch;
 
     use crate::rpc::election::sql::{SqlBackendElectionClient, SqlDriverCommon, SqliteDriver};
     use crate::{ElectionClient, MetaResult};
 
-    async fn prepare_sqlite_env() -> MetaResult<SqlitePool> {
-        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new().connect("sqlite::memory:").await?;
-        let _ = sqlx::query(
-            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256) PRIMARY KEY, id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME)",
-                     table = SqliteDriver::election_table_name()))
-            .execute(&pool).await?;
+    async fn prepare_sqlite_env() -> MetaResult<DatabaseConnection> {
+        let db: DatabaseConnection = Database::connect("sqlite::memory:").await?;
+
+        db.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DbBackend::Sqlite,
+            format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256) PRIMARY KEY, id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME)",
+                    table = SqliteDriver::election_table_name()),
+            vec![],
+        ))
+            .await?;
 
-        let _ = sqlx::query(
-            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id))",
-                     table = SqliteDriver::member_table_name()))
-            .execute(&pool).await?;
+        db.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
+            DbBackend::Sqlite,
+            format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id))",
+                    table = SqliteDriver::member_table_name()),
+            vec![],
+        ))
+            .await?;
 
-        Ok(pool)
+        Ok(db)
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_sql_election() {
         let id = "test_id".to_string();
-        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+        let conn = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
 
-        let provider = SqliteDriver { pool };
+        let provider = SqliteDriver { conn };
         let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
         let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
             id,
@@ -597,10 +805,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut clients = vec![];
 
-        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+        let conn = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
         for i in 1..3 {
             let id = format!("test_id_{}", i);
-            let provider = SqliteDriver { pool: pool.clone() };
+            let provider = SqliteDriver { conn: conn.clone() };
             let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
             let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
                 id,

From 8f981f3cdc9004b62ca2eb2442dbe07d1d034985 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 15:48:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 409/430] revert(ci): e2e timeout 15 -> 17 (#12985)

---
 ci/workflows/pull-request.yml           | 2 +-
 e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_size.slt.part | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 0008f2cf0bb7c..985bd0be4b822 100644
--- a/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/ci/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ steps:
           config: ci/docker-compose.yml
           mount-buildkite-agent: true
       - ./ci/plugins/upload-failure-logs
-    timeout_in_minutes: 17
+    timeout_in_minutes: 15
     retry: *auto-retry
 
   - label: "end-to-end test (parallel)"
diff --git a/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_size.slt.part b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_size.slt.part
index 2dab96a689642..c274b7f297ee3 100644
--- a/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_size.slt.part
+++ b/e2e_test/batch/catalog/pg_size.slt.part
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ create table t (v1 int);
 statement ok
 insert into t values (3);
 
-sleep 30s
+sleep 3s
 
 skipif in-memory
 query T
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ t
 statement ok
 create index t_idx on t (v1);
 
-sleep 10s
+sleep 3s
 
 skipif in-memory
 query T

From df0e017e1780c312a5c82b1f7767d44549e051a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanicky Chen <peng@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 16:30:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 410/430] chore: remove sqlx dependency (#13002)

Signed-off-by: Shanicky Chen <peng@risingwave-labs.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                       |   2 -
 src/meta/Cargo.toml              |   7 --
 src/meta/src/error.rs            |   7 --
 src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs | 146 ++++++++++++++-----------------
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml    |  55 ++----------
 5 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b2875296b683a..b7e9b6c45ec06 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -7688,7 +7688,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "sea-orm",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sqlx",
  "sync-point",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio-retry",
@@ -10978,7 +10977,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
  "hashbrown 0.14.0",
- "heck 0.4.1",
  "hyper",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "itertools 0.10.5",
diff --git a/src/meta/Cargo.toml b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
index 67e9a95026cc7..3e96dfcc7be2f 100644
--- a/src/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@ sea-orm = { version = "0.12.0", features = [
 ] }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
-sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = [
-    "runtime-tokio",
-    "postgres",
-    "mysql",
-    "sqlite",
-    "chrono",
-] }
 sync-point = { path = "../utils/sync-point" }
 thiserror = "1"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
diff --git a/src/meta/src/error.rs b/src/meta/src/error.rs
index f8332819a4610..03323d53fa0af 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/error.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use risingwave_common::error::BoxedError;
 use risingwave_connector::sink::SinkError;
 use risingwave_pb::PbFieldNotFound;
 use risingwave_rpc_client::error::RpcError;
-use sqlx::Error;
 
 use crate::hummock::error::Error as HummockError;
 use crate::manager::WorkerId;
@@ -181,12 +180,6 @@ impl From<etcd_client::Error> for MetaError {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<sqlx::Error> for MetaError {
-    fn from(value: Error) -> Self {
-        MetaErrorInner::Election(value.to_string()).into()
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<RpcError> for MetaError {
     fn from(e: RpcError) -> Self {
         MetaErrorInner::RpcError(e).into()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
index fc985bd9a4521..a027e8bffdfd1 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl<T: SqlDriver> SqlBackendElectionClient<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(sqlx::FromRow, Debug, FromQueryResult)]
+#[derive(Debug, FromQueryResult)]
 pub struct ElectionRow {
     service: String,
     id: String,
@@ -191,16 +191,14 @@ DO
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        );
-
         let query_result = self
             .conn
             .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::Sqlite,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -285,19 +283,17 @@ impl SqlDriver for MySqlDriver {
     }
 
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
-VALUES(?, ?, NOW())
-ON duplicate KEY
-   UPDATE last_heartbeat = VALUES(last_heartbeat);
-"#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         self.conn
             .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::MySql,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+        VALUES(?, ?, NOW())
+        ON duplicate KEY
+           UPDATE last_heartbeat = VALUES(last_heartbeat);
+        "#,
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(id), Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -353,16 +349,14 @@ ON duplicate KEY
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        );
-
         let query_result = self
             .conn
             .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::MySql,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -375,16 +369,14 @@ ON duplicate KEY
     }
 
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         let all = self
             .conn
             .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::MySql,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -412,16 +404,14 @@ ON duplicate KEY
         ))
         .await?;
 
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
             DatabaseBackend::MySql,
-            string,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ),
             vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
         .await?;
@@ -451,20 +441,18 @@ impl SqlDriver for PostgresDriver {
     }
 
     async fn update_heartbeat(&self, service_name: &str, id: &str) -> MetaResult<()> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
-VALUES($1, $2, NOW())
-ON CONFLICT (id, service)
-DO
-   UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
-"#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         self.conn
             .execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT INTO {table} (id, service, last_heartbeat)
+        VALUES($1, $2, NOW())
+        ON CONFLICT (id, service)
+        DO
+           UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
+        "#,
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(id), Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -478,30 +466,28 @@ DO
         id: &str,
         ttl: i64,
     ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
-VALUES ($1, $2, NOW())
-ON CONFLICT (service)
-    DO UPDATE
-    SET id             = CASE
-                             WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.id
-                             ELSE {table}.id
-        END,
-        last_heartbeat = CASE
-                             WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
-                             WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
-                             ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
-            END
-RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
-"#,
-            table = Self::election_table_name()
-        );
-
         let query_result = self
             .conn
             .query_one(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"INSERT INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
+        VALUES ($1, $2, NOW())
+        ON CONFLICT (service)
+            DO UPDATE
+            SET id             = CASE
+                                     WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.id
+                                     ELSE {table}.id
+                END,
+                last_heartbeat = CASE
+                                     WHEN {table}.last_heartbeat < NOW() - $3::INTERVAL THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                                     WHEN {table}.id = EXCLUDED.id THEN EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat
+                                     ELSE {table}.last_heartbeat
+                    END
+        RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
+        "#,
+                    table = Self::election_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![
                     Value::from(service_name),
                     Value::from(id),
@@ -541,16 +527,14 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
     }
 
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         let all = self
             .conn
             .query_all(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
                 DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
-                string,
+                format!(
+                    r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
+                    table = Self::member_table_name()
+                ),
                 vec![Value::from(service_name)],
             ))
             .await?;
@@ -578,16 +562,14 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
         ))
         .await?;
 
-        let string = format!(
-            r#"
-        DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
-        "#,
-            table = Self::member_table_name()
-        );
-
         txn.execute(Statement::from_sql_and_values(
             DatabaseBackend::Postgres,
-            string,
+            format!(
+                r#"
+            DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
+            "#,
+                table = Self::member_table_name()
+            ),
             vec![Value::from(service_name), Value::from(id)],
         ))
         .await?;
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 2ae671ca2de93..6c08e08490f7d 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
 hashbrown-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.12", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
-heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 indexmap = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
 itertools-93f6ce9d446188ac = { package = "itertools", version = "0.10" }
@@ -113,11 +112,11 @@ sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
 signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
 smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
-sqlx = { version = "0.7", features = ["bigdecimal", "chrono", "mysql", "postgres", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "rust_decimal", "sqlite", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "_tls-native-tls", "any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "mysql", "postgres", "runtime-tokio-native-tls", "rust_decimal", "sqlite", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "_tls-native-tls", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
+sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["chrono", "json", "time", "uuid"] }
 strum = { version = "0.25", features = ["derive"] }
 subtle = { version = "2" }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
@@ -145,47 +144,26 @@ ahash = { version = "0.8" }
 allocator-api2 = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "nightly"] }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
 auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
-base64 = { version = "0.21", features = ["alloc"] }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
-byteorder = { version = "1" }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
-crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
-crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
 deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
-digest = { version = "0.10", features = ["mac", "oid", "std"] }
 either = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 fixedbitset = { version = "0.4" }
 frunk_core = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-futures-channel = { version = "0.3", features = ["sink"] }
-futures-core = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-io = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-sink = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-task = { version = "0.3" }
-futures-util = { version = "0.3", features = ["channel", "io", "sink"] }
 hashbrown-582f2526e08bb6a0 = { package = "hashbrown", version = "0.14", features = ["nightly", "raw"] }
-heck = { version = "0.4", features = ["unicode"] }
 itertools-93f6ce9d446188ac = { package = "itertools", version = "0.10" }
 itertools-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "itertools", version = "0.11" }
 lazy_static = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 libc = { version = "0.2", features = ["extra_traits"] }
-lock_api = { version = "0.4", features = ["arc_lock"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["kv_unstable", "std"] }
-madsim-tokio = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time", "tracing"] }
-md-5 = { version = "0.10" }
-mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["net", "os-ext"] }
 nom = { version = "7" }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4" }
 num-integer = { version = "0.1", features = ["i128"] }
-num-iter = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["i128", "std"] }
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", features = ["i128", "libm"] }
-parking_lot = { version = "0.12", features = ["arc_lock", "deadlock_detection"] }
-parking_lot_core = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["deadlock_detection"] }
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
 phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
 phf_shared = { version = "0.11", features = ["uncased"] }
-postgres-types = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "with-chrono-0_4", "with-serde_json-1"] }
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1", features = ["span-locations"] }
 prost-5ef9efb8ec2df382 = { package = "prost", version = "0.12", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
 prost-a6292c17cd707f01 = { package = "prost", version = "0.11" }
@@ -196,36 +174,13 @@ rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 regex = { version = "1" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-onepass", "hybrid", "meta", "nfa-backtrack", "perf-inline", "perf-literal", "unicode"] }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.8" }
-rust_decimal = { version = "1", features = ["db-postgres", "maths"] }
-scopeguard = { version = "1" }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "derive", "rc"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "raw_value"] }
-sha1 = { version = "0.10" }
-sha2 = { version = "0.10" }
-signature = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["digest", "rand_core", "std"] }
-smallvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "union", "write"] }
-sqlx-core = { version = "0.7", features = ["_rt-tokio", "_tls-native-tls", "any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-mysql = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-postgres = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "bigdecimal", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "rust_decimal", "time", "uuid"] }
-sqlx-sqlite = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["any", "chrono", "json", "migrate", "offline", "time", "uuid"] }
-subtle = { version = "2" }
 syn-dff4ba8e3ae991db = { package = "syn", version = "1", features = ["extra-traits", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 syn-f595c2ba2a3f28df = { package = "syn", version = "2", features = ["extra-traits", "fold", "full", "visit", "visit-mut"] }
 time = { version = "0.3", features = ["local-offset", "macros", "serde-well-known"] }
 time-macros = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["formatting", "parsing", "serde"] }
-tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc", "grab_spare_slice", "rustc_1_55"] }
-tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full", "stats", "tracing"] }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
-tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e", features = ["fs", "net"] }
-tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 toml_datetime = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.19", features = ["serde"] }
-tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["log"] }
-tracing-core = { version = "0.1" }
-unicode-bidi = { version = "0.3" }
-unicode-normalization = { version = "0.1" }
-url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
-uuid = { version = "1", features = ["fast-rng", "serde", "v4"] }
-whoami = { version = "1" }
 
 ### END HAKARI SECTION

From a3d2c4b5a8c86005bc85660cec4d68d69432c13f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xxchan <xxchan22f@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 16:48:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 411/430] fix: openssl is compiled twice, once not vendored in
 linux (#13001)

---
 src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml b/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
index d8b2dd800ab1b..df70a2c6d0054 100644
--- a/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/utils/workspace-config/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,5 +25,10 @@ zstd-sys = { version = "2", optional = true, default-features = false, features
 # workspace-hack = { path = "../../workspace-hack" }
 # Don't add workspace-hack into this crate!
 
+# FIXME(xxchan): This is a temporary fix due to how cargo and hakari works. See related PR for more details.
+# We will revisit how to handle workspace-hack and build-dependency issues later.
+[build-dependencies]
+openssl-sys = { version = "=0.9.92", optional = true, features = ["vendored"] }
+
 [lints]
 workspace = true

From 903daed19c544a1f910b0a7789cc80b260419d34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: August <pin@singularity-data.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 16:57:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 412/430] feat: support alter relation name in catalog
 controller (#12977)

---
 src/common/src/util/epoch.rs                  |   4 +
 src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs            | 161 ++++++-
 src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs                | 182 +++++++-
 src/meta/src/controller/rename.rs             | 430 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs              |  25 +-
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/utils.rs         |   2 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs           |  12 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs                |   7 +-
 .../migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs    |  50 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs                  |  79 +++-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs                 |  28 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs               |  20 +-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs                |  57 ++-
 src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs                 |   4 +-
 14 files changed, 969 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/meta/src/controller/rename.rs

diff --git a/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs b/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
index 86ed158c2e206..4d57c97b054b3 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/epoch.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@ impl Epoch {
         Epoch(time << EPOCH_PHYSICAL_SHIFT_BITS)
     }
 
+    pub fn from_unix_millis(mi: u64) -> Self {
+        Epoch((mi - UNIX_RISINGWAVE_DATE_SEC * 1000) << EPOCH_PHYSICAL_SHIFT_BITS)
+    }
+
     pub fn physical_now() -> u64 {
         UNIX_RISINGWAVE_DATE_EPOCH
             .elapsed()
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
index c0cfcf3baba59..cb37307384aa2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/catalog.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@
 use std::iter;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, SYSTEM_SCHEMAS};
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
     PbConnection, PbDatabase, PbFunction, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink, PbSource, PbTable, PbView,
 };
-use risingwave_pb::meta::relation::{PbRelationInfo, RelationInfo};
+use risingwave_pb::meta::relation::PbRelationInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::meta::subscribe_response::{
     Info as NotificationInfo, Operation as NotificationOperation,
 };
@@ -30,19 +31,21 @@ use sea_orm::{
 };
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
+use crate::controller::rename::{alter_relation_rename, alter_relation_rename_refs};
 use crate::controller::utils::{
     check_connection_name_duplicate, check_function_signature_duplicate,
     check_relation_name_duplicate, check_schema_name_duplicate, ensure_object_id,
-    ensure_object_not_refer, ensure_schema_empty, ensure_user_id, list_used_by, PartialObject,
+    ensure_object_not_refer, ensure_schema_empty, ensure_user_id, get_referring_objects,
+    get_referring_objects_cascade, PartialObject,
 };
 use crate::controller::ObjectModel;
 use crate::manager::{MetaSrvEnv, NotificationVersion};
-use crate::model_v2::connection::PrivateLinkService;
 use crate::model_v2::object::ObjectType;
 use crate::model_v2::prelude::*;
 use crate::model_v2::{
-    connection, database, function, index, object, object_dependency, schema, table, view,
-    ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FunctionId, ObjectId, SchemaId, SourceId, TableId, UserId,
+    connection, database, function, index, object, object_dependency, schema, sink, source, table,
+    view, ConnectionId, DatabaseId, FunctionId, ObjectId, PrivateLinkService, SchemaId, SourceId,
+    TableId, UserId,
 };
 use crate::rpc::ddl_controller::DropMode;
 use crate::{MetaError, MetaResult};
@@ -503,7 +506,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
         assert_eq!(obj.obj_type, object_type);
 
         let mut to_drop_objects = match drop_mode {
-            DropMode::Cascade => list_used_by(object_id, &txn).await?,
+            DropMode::Cascade => get_referring_objects_cascade(object_id, &txn).await?,
             DropMode::Restrict => {
                 ensure_object_not_refer(object_type, object_id, &txn).await?;
                 vec![]
@@ -589,7 +592,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
             .into_iter()
             .map(|obj| match obj.obj_type {
                 ObjectType::Table => PbRelation {
-                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Table(PbTable {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::Table(PbTable {
                         id: obj.oid,
                         schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
                         database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
@@ -597,7 +600,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
                     })),
                 },
                 ObjectType::Source => PbRelation {
-                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Source(PbSource {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::Source(PbSource {
                         id: obj.oid,
                         schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
                         database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
@@ -605,7 +608,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
                     })),
                 },
                 ObjectType::Sink => PbRelation {
-                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Sink(PbSink {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::Sink(PbSink {
                         id: obj.oid,
                         schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
                         database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
@@ -613,7 +616,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
                     })),
                 },
                 ObjectType::View => PbRelation {
-                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::View(PbView {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::View(PbView {
                         id: obj.oid,
                         schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
                         database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
@@ -621,7 +624,7 @@ impl CatalogController {
                     })),
                 },
                 ObjectType::Index => PbRelation {
-                    relation_info: Some(RelationInfo::Index(PbIndex {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::Index(PbIndex {
                         id: obj.oid,
                         schema_id: obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
                         database_id: obj.database_id.unwrap(),
@@ -647,6 +650,142 @@ impl CatalogController {
             version,
         ))
     }
+
+    pub async fn alter_relation_name(
+        &self,
+        object_type: ObjectType,
+        object_id: ObjectId,
+        object_name: &str,
+    ) -> MetaResult<NotificationVersion> {
+        let inner = self.inner.write().await;
+        let txn = inner.db.begin().await?;
+        let obj: PartialObject = Object::find_by_id(object_id)
+            .into_partial_model()
+            .one(&txn)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| MetaError::catalog_id_not_found(object_type.as_str(), object_id))?;
+        assert_eq!(obj.obj_type, object_type);
+        check_relation_name_duplicate(
+            object_name,
+            obj.database_id.unwrap(),
+            obj.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            &txn,
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        let mut to_update_relations = vec![];
+        // rename relation.
+        macro_rules! rename_relation {
+            ($entity:ident, $table:ident, $identity:ident, $object_id:expr) => {{
+                let (mut relation, obj) = $entity::find_by_id($object_id)
+                    .find_also_related(Object)
+                    .one(&txn)
+                    .await?
+                    .unwrap();
+                let old_name = relation.name.clone();
+                relation.name = object_name.into();
+                relation.definition = alter_relation_rename(&relation.definition, object_name);
+                let active_model = $table::ActiveModel {
+                    $identity: ActiveValue::Set(relation.$identity),
+                    name: ActiveValue::Set(object_name.into()),
+                    definition: ActiveValue::Set(relation.definition.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                active_model.update(&txn).await?;
+                to_update_relations.push(PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::$entity(
+                        ObjectModel(relation, obj.unwrap()).into(),
+                    )),
+                });
+                old_name
+            }};
+        }
+
+        let old_name = match object_type {
+            ObjectType::Table => rename_relation!(Table, table, table_id, object_id),
+            ObjectType::Source => rename_relation!(Source, source, source_id, object_id),
+            ObjectType::Sink => rename_relation!(Sink, sink, sink_id, object_id),
+            ObjectType::View => rename_relation!(View, view, view_id, object_id),
+            ObjectType::Index => {
+                let (mut index, obj) = Index::find_by_id(object_id)
+                    .find_also_related(Object)
+                    .one(&txn)
+                    .await?
+                    .unwrap();
+                index.name = object_name.into();
+                let index_table_id = index.index_table_id;
+
+                // the name of index and its associated table is the same.
+                let active_model = index::ActiveModel {
+                    index_id: ActiveValue::Set(index.index_id),
+                    name: ActiveValue::Set(object_name.into()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                active_model.update(&txn).await?;
+                to_update_relations.push(PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::Index(
+                        ObjectModel(index, obj.unwrap()).into(),
+                    )),
+                });
+                rename_relation!(Table, table, table_id, index_table_id)
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("only relation name can be altered."),
+        };
+
+        // rename referring relation name.
+        macro_rules! rename_relation_ref {
+            ($entity:ident, $table:ident, $identity:ident, $object_id:expr) => {{
+                let (mut relation, obj) = $entity::find_by_id($object_id)
+                    .find_also_related(Object)
+                    .one(&txn)
+                    .await?
+                    .unwrap();
+                relation.definition =
+                    alter_relation_rename_refs(&relation.definition, &old_name, object_name);
+                let active_model = $table::ActiveModel {
+                    $identity: ActiveValue::Set(relation.$identity),
+                    definition: ActiveValue::Set(relation.definition.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                active_model.update(&txn).await?;
+                to_update_relations.push(PbRelation {
+                    relation_info: Some(PbRelationInfo::$entity(
+                        ObjectModel(relation, obj.unwrap()).into(),
+                    )),
+                });
+            }};
+        }
+        let objs = get_referring_objects(object_id, &txn).await?;
+        for obj in objs {
+            match obj.obj_type {
+                ObjectType::Table => rename_relation_ref!(Table, table, table_id, obj.oid),
+                ObjectType::Sink => rename_relation_ref!(Sink, sink, sink_id, obj.oid),
+                ObjectType::View => rename_relation_ref!(View, view, view_id, obj.oid),
+                ObjectType::Index => {
+                    let index_table_id: Option<TableId> = Index::find_by_id(obj.oid)
+                        .select_only()
+                        .column(index::Column::IndexTableId)
+                        .into_tuple()
+                        .one(&txn)
+                        .await?;
+                    rename_relation_ref!(Table, table, table_id, index_table_id.unwrap());
+                }
+                _ => bail!("only table, sink, view and index depend on other objects."),
+            }
+        }
+        txn.commit().await?;
+
+        let version = self
+            .notify_frontend(
+                NotificationOperation::Update,
+                NotificationInfo::RelationGroup(PbRelationGroup {
+                    relations: to_update_relations,
+                }),
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(version)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
index 5b0ff4ab99bef..07793e30a17fe 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/mod.rs
@@ -13,16 +13,23 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use anyhow::anyhow;
+use risingwave_common::util::epoch::Epoch;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbInfo as PbConnectionInfo;
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbConnection, PbDatabase, PbSchema};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::source::PbOptionalAssociatedTableId;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::{PbOptionalAssociatedSourceId, PbTableType};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{
+    PbConnection, PbCreateType, PbDatabase, PbHandleConflictBehavior, PbIndex, PbSchema, PbSink,
+    PbSinkType, PbSource, PbStreamJobStatus, PbTable, PbView,
+};
 use sea_orm::{ActiveValue, DatabaseConnection, ModelTrait};
 
-use crate::model_v2::{connection, database, object, schema};
+use crate::model_v2::{connection, database, index, object, schema, sink, source, table, view};
 use crate::MetaError;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub mod catalog;
 pub mod cluster;
+pub mod rename;
 pub mod system_param;
 pub mod utils;
 
@@ -61,9 +68,9 @@ pub struct ObjectModel<M: ModelTrait>(M, object::Model);
 impl From<ObjectModel<database::Model>> for PbDatabase {
     fn from(value: ObjectModel<database::Model>) -> Self {
         Self {
-            id: value.0.database_id as _,
+            id: value.0.database_id,
             name: value.0.name,
-            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -71,7 +78,7 @@ impl From<ObjectModel<database::Model>> for PbDatabase {
 impl From<PbDatabase> for database::ActiveModel {
     fn from(db: PbDatabase) -> Self {
         Self {
-            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(db.id as _),
+            database_id: ActiveValue::Set(db.id),
             name: ActiveValue::Set(db.name),
         }
     }
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ impl From<PbDatabase> for database::ActiveModel {
 impl From<PbSchema> for schema::ActiveModel {
     fn from(schema: PbSchema) -> Self {
         Self {
-            schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.id as _),
+            schema_id: ActiveValue::Set(schema.id),
             name: ActiveValue::Set(schema.name),
         }
     }
@@ -89,10 +96,159 @@ impl From<PbSchema> for schema::ActiveModel {
 impl From<ObjectModel<schema::Model>> for PbSchema {
     fn from(value: ObjectModel<schema::Model>) -> Self {
         Self {
-            id: value.0.schema_id as _,
+            id: value.0.schema_id,
             name: value.0.name,
-            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap() as _,
-            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<table::Model>> for PbTable {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<table::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.table_id,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            name: value.0.name,
+            columns: value.0.columns.0,
+            pk: value.0.pk.0,
+            dependent_relations: vec![], // todo: deprecate it.
+            table_type: PbTableType::from(value.0.table_type) as _,
+            distribution_key: value.0.distribution_key.0,
+            stream_key: value.0.stream_key.0,
+            append_only: value.0.append_only,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+            properties: value.0.properties.0,
+            fragment_id: value.0.fragment_id as u32,
+            vnode_col_index: value.0.vnode_col_index,
+            row_id_index: value.0.row_id_index,
+            value_indices: value.0.value_indices.0,
+            definition: value.0.definition,
+            handle_pk_conflict_behavior: PbHandleConflictBehavior::from(
+                value.0.handle_pk_conflict_behavior,
+            ) as _,
+            read_prefix_len_hint: value.0.read_prefix_len_hint,
+            watermark_indices: value.0.watermark_indices.0,
+            dist_key_in_pk: value.0.dist_key_in_pk.0,
+            dml_fragment_id: value.0.dml_fragment_id.map(|id| id as u32),
+            cardinality: value.0.cardinality.map(|cardinality| cardinality.0),
+            initialized_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.initialized_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            created_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.created_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            cleaned_by_watermark: value.0.cleaned_by_watermark,
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::from(value.0.job_status) as _,
+            create_type: PbCreateType::from(value.0.create_type) as _,
+            version: Some(value.0.version.0),
+            optional_associated_source_id: value
+                .0
+                .optional_associated_source_id
+                .map(PbOptionalAssociatedSourceId::AssociatedSourceId),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<source::Model>> for PbSource {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<source::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.source_id,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            name: value.0.name,
+            row_id_index: value.0.row_id_index,
+            columns: value.0.columns.0,
+            pk_column_ids: value.0.pk_column_ids.0,
+            properties: value.0.properties.0,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+            info: value.0.source_info.map(|info| info.0),
+            watermark_descs: value.0.watermark_descs.0,
+            definition: value.0.definition,
+            connection_id: value.0.connection_id,
+            // todo: using the timestamp from the database directly.
+            initialized_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.initialized_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            created_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.created_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            version: value.0.version,
+            optional_associated_table_id: value
+                .0
+                .optional_associated_table_id
+                .map(PbOptionalAssociatedTableId::AssociatedTableId),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<sink::Model>> for PbSink {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<sink::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.sink_id,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            name: value.0.name,
+            columns: value.0.columns.0,
+            plan_pk: value.0.plan_pk.0,
+            dependent_relations: vec![], // todo: deprecate it.
+            distribution_key: value.0.distribution_key.0,
+            downstream_pk: value.0.downstream_pk.0,
+            sink_type: PbSinkType::from(value.0.sink_type) as _,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+            properties: value.0.properties.0,
+            definition: value.0.definition,
+            connection_id: value.0.connection_id,
+            initialized_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.initialized_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            created_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.created_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            db_name: value.0.db_name,
+            sink_from_name: value.0.sink_from_name,
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::from(value.0.job_status) as _,
+            format_desc: value.0.sink_format_desc.map(|desc| desc.0),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<index::Model>> for PbIndex {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<index::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.index_id,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            name: value.0.name,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+            index_table_id: value.0.index_table_id,
+            primary_table_id: value.0.primary_table_id,
+            index_item: value.0.index_items.0,
+            original_columns: value.0.original_columns.0,
+            initialized_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.initialized_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            created_at_epoch: Some(
+                Epoch::from_unix_millis(value.1.created_at.timestamp_millis() as _).0,
+            ),
+            stream_job_status: PbStreamJobStatus::from(value.0.job_status) as _,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectModel<view::Model>> for PbView {
+    fn from(value: ObjectModel<view::Model>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: value.0.view_id,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
+            name: value.0.name,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
+            properties: value.0.properties.0,
+            sql: value.0.definition,
+            dependent_relations: vec![], // todo: deprecate it.
+            columns: value.0.columns.0,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -100,11 +256,11 @@ impl From<ObjectModel<schema::Model>> for PbSchema {
 impl From<ObjectModel<connection::Model>> for PbConnection {
     fn from(value: ObjectModel<connection::Model>) -> Self {
         Self {
-            id: value.1.oid as _,
-            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap() as _,
-            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap() as _,
+            id: value.1.oid,
+            schema_id: value.1.schema_id.unwrap(),
+            database_id: value.1.database_id.unwrap(),
             name: value.0.name,
-            owner: value.1.owner_id as _,
+            owner: value.1.owner_id,
             info: Some(PbConnectionInfo::PrivateLinkService(value.0.info.0)),
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/rename.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/rename.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..254565efb391c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/rename.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+// Copyright 2023 RisingWave Labs
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
+use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::RexNode;
+use risingwave_pb::expr::{ExprNode, FunctionCall, UserDefinedFunction};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{
+    Array, CreateSink, CreateSinkStatement, CreateSourceStatement, Distinct, Expr, Function,
+    FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr, Ident, ObjectName, Query, SelectItem, SetExpr, Statement,
+    TableAlias, TableFactor, TableWithJoins,
+};
+use risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser;
+
+/// `alter_relation_rename` renames a relation to a new name in its `Create` statement, and returns
+/// the updated definition raw sql. Note that the `definition` must be a `Create` statement and the
+/// `new_name` must be a valid identifier, it should be validated before calling this function. To
+/// update all relations that depend on the renamed one, use `alter_relation_rename_refs`.
+pub fn alter_relation_rename(definition: &str, new_name: &str) -> String {
+    // This happens when we try to rename a table that's created by `CREATE TABLE AS`. Remove it
+    // when we support `SHOW CREATE TABLE` for `CREATE TABLE AS`.
+    if definition.is_empty() {
+        tracing::warn!("found empty definition when renaming relation, ignored.");
+        return definition.into();
+    }
+    let ast = Parser::parse_sql(definition).expect("failed to parse relation definition");
+    let mut stmt = ast
+        .into_iter()
+        .exactly_one()
+        .expect("should contains only one statement");
+
+    match &mut stmt {
+        Statement::CreateTable { name, .. }
+        | Statement::CreateView { name, .. }
+        | Statement::CreateIndex { name, .. }
+        | Statement::CreateSource {
+            stmt: CreateSourceStatement {
+                source_name: name, ..
+            },
+        }
+        | Statement::CreateSink {
+            stmt: CreateSinkStatement {
+                sink_name: name, ..
+            },
+        } => replace_table_name(name, new_name),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    };
+
+    stmt.to_string()
+}
+
+/// `alter_relation_rename_refs` updates all references of renamed-relation in the definition of
+/// target relation's `Create` statement.
+pub fn alter_relation_rename_refs(definition: &str, from: &str, to: &str) -> String {
+    let ast = Parser::parse_sql(definition).expect("failed to parse relation definition");
+    let mut stmt = ast
+        .into_iter()
+        .exactly_one()
+        .expect("should contains only one statement");
+
+    match &mut stmt {
+        Statement::CreateTable {
+            query: Some(query), ..
+        }
+        | Statement::CreateView { query, .. }
+        | Statement::Query(query) // Used by view, actually we store a query as the definition of view.
+        | Statement::CreateSink {
+            stmt:
+            CreateSinkStatement {
+                sink_from: CreateSink::AsQuery(query),
+                ..
+            },
+        } => {
+            QueryRewriter::rewrite_query(query, from, to);
+        }
+        Statement::CreateIndex { table_name, .. }
+        | Statement::CreateSink {
+            stmt:
+            CreateSinkStatement {
+                sink_from: CreateSink::From(table_name),
+                ..
+            },
+        } => replace_table_name(table_name, to),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    };
+    stmt.to_string()
+}
+
+/// Replace the last ident in the `table_name` with the given name, the object name is ensured to be
+/// non-empty. e.g. `schema.table` or `database.schema.table`.
+fn replace_table_name(table_name: &mut ObjectName, to: &str) {
+    let idx = table_name.0.len() - 1;
+    table_name.0[idx] = Ident::new_unchecked(to);
+}
+
+/// `QueryRewriter` is a visitor that updates all references of relation named `from` to `to` in the
+/// given query, which is the part of create statement of `relation`.
+struct QueryRewriter<'a> {
+    from: &'a str,
+    to: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl QueryRewriter<'_> {
+    fn rewrite_query(query: &mut Query, from: &str, to: &str) {
+        let rewriter = QueryRewriter { from, to };
+        rewriter.visit_query(query)
+    }
+
+    /// Visit the query and update all references of relation named `from` to `to`.
+    fn visit_query(&self, query: &mut Query) {
+        if let Some(with) = &mut query.with {
+            for cte_table in &mut with.cte_tables {
+                self.visit_query(&mut cte_table.query);
+            }
+        }
+        self.visit_set_expr(&mut query.body);
+        for expr in &mut query.order_by {
+            self.visit_expr(&mut expr.expr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit table factor and update all references of relation named `from` to `to`.
+    /// Rewrite idents(i.e. `schema.table`, `table`) that contains the old name in the
+    /// following pattern:
+    /// 1. `FROM a` to `FROM new_a AS a`
+    /// 2. `FROM a AS b` to `FROM new_a AS b`
+    ///
+    /// So that we DON'T have to:
+    /// 1. rewrite the select and expr part like `schema.table.column`, `table.column`,
+    /// `alias.column` etc.
+    /// 2. handle the case that the old name is used as alias.
+    /// 3. handle the case that the new name is used as alias.
+    fn visit_table_factor(&self, table_factor: &mut TableFactor) {
+        match table_factor {
+            TableFactor::Table { name, alias, .. } => {
+                let idx = name.0.len() - 1;
+                if name.0[idx].real_value() == self.from {
+                    if alias.is_none() {
+                        *alias = Some(TableAlias {
+                            name: Ident::new_unchecked(self.from),
+                            columns: vec![],
+                        });
+                    }
+                    name.0[idx] = Ident::new_unchecked(self.to);
+                }
+            }
+            TableFactor::Derived { subquery, .. } => self.visit_query(subquery),
+            TableFactor::TableFunction { args, .. } => {
+                for arg in args {
+                    self.visit_function_args(arg);
+                }
+            }
+            TableFactor::NestedJoin(table_with_joins) => {
+                self.visit_table_with_joins(table_with_joins);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit table with joins and update all references of relation named `from` to `to`.
+    fn visit_table_with_joins(&self, table_with_joins: &mut TableWithJoins) {
+        self.visit_table_factor(&mut table_with_joins.relation);
+        for join in &mut table_with_joins.joins {
+            self.visit_table_factor(&mut join.relation);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit query body expression and update all references.
+    fn visit_set_expr(&self, set_expr: &mut SetExpr) {
+        match set_expr {
+            SetExpr::Select(select) => {
+                if let Distinct::DistinctOn(exprs) = &mut select.distinct {
+                    for expr in exprs {
+                        self.visit_expr(expr);
+                    }
+                }
+                for select_item in &mut select.projection {
+                    self.visit_select_item(select_item);
+                }
+                for from_item in &mut select.from {
+                    self.visit_table_with_joins(from_item);
+                }
+                if let Some(where_clause) = &mut select.selection {
+                    self.visit_expr(where_clause);
+                }
+                for expr in &mut select.group_by {
+                    self.visit_expr(expr);
+                }
+                if let Some(having) = &mut select.having {
+                    self.visit_expr(having);
+                }
+            }
+            SetExpr::Query(query) => self.visit_query(query),
+            SetExpr::SetOperation { left, right, .. } => {
+                self.visit_set_expr(left);
+                self.visit_set_expr(right);
+            }
+            SetExpr::Values(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit function arguments and update all references.
+    fn visit_function_args(&self, function_args: &mut FunctionArg) {
+        match function_args {
+            FunctionArg::Unnamed(arg) | FunctionArg::Named { arg, .. } => match arg {
+                FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr) | FunctionArgExpr::ExprQualifiedWildcard(expr, _) => {
+                    self.visit_expr(expr)
+                }
+                FunctionArgExpr::QualifiedWildcard(_, None) | FunctionArgExpr::Wildcard(None) => {}
+                FunctionArgExpr::QualifiedWildcard(_, Some(exprs))
+                | FunctionArgExpr::Wildcard(Some(exprs)) => {
+                    for expr in exprs {
+                        self.visit_expr(expr);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit function and update all references.
+    fn visit_function(&self, function: &mut Function) {
+        for arg in &mut function.args {
+            self.visit_function_args(arg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit expression and update all references.
+    fn visit_expr(&self, expr: &mut Expr) {
+        match expr {
+            Expr::FieldIdentifier(expr, ..)
+            | Expr::IsNull(expr)
+            | Expr::IsNotNull(expr)
+            | Expr::IsTrue(expr)
+            | Expr::IsNotTrue(expr)
+            | Expr::IsFalse(expr)
+            | Expr::IsNotFalse(expr)
+            | Expr::IsUnknown(expr)
+            | Expr::IsNotUnknown(expr)
+            | Expr::IsJson { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::InList { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::SomeOp(expr)
+            | Expr::AllOp(expr)
+            | Expr::UnaryOp { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::Cast { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::TryCast { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::AtTimeZone {
+                timestamp: expr, ..
+            }
+            | Expr::Extract { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::Substring { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::Overlay { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::Trim { expr, .. }
+            | Expr::Nested(expr)
+            | Expr::ArrayIndex { obj: expr, .. }
+            | Expr::ArrayRangeIndex { obj: expr, .. } => self.visit_expr(expr),
+
+            Expr::Position { substring, string } => {
+                self.visit_expr(substring);
+                self.visit_expr(string);
+            }
+
+            Expr::InSubquery { expr, subquery, .. } => {
+                self.visit_expr(expr);
+                self.visit_query(subquery);
+            }
+            Expr::Between {
+                expr, low, high, ..
+            } => {
+                self.visit_expr(expr);
+                self.visit_expr(low);
+                self.visit_expr(high);
+            }
+
+            Expr::IsDistinctFrom(expr1, expr2)
+            | Expr::IsNotDistinctFrom(expr1, expr2)
+            | Expr::BinaryOp {
+                left: expr1,
+                right: expr2,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.visit_expr(expr1);
+                self.visit_expr(expr2);
+            }
+            Expr::Function(function) => self.visit_function(function),
+            Expr::Exists(query) | Expr::Subquery(query) | Expr::ArraySubquery(query) => {
+                self.visit_query(query)
+            }
+
+            Expr::GroupingSets(exprs_vec) | Expr::Cube(exprs_vec) | Expr::Rollup(exprs_vec) => {
+                for exprs in exprs_vec {
+                    for expr in exprs {
+                        self.visit_expr(expr);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Expr::Row(exprs) | Expr::Array(Array { elem: exprs, .. }) => {
+                for expr in exprs {
+                    self.visit_expr(expr);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Expr::LambdaFunction { body, args: _ } => self.visit_expr(body),
+
+            // No need to visit.
+            Expr::Identifier(_)
+            | Expr::CompoundIdentifier(_)
+            | Expr::Collate { .. }
+            | Expr::Value(_)
+            | Expr::Parameter { .. }
+            | Expr::TypedString { .. }
+            | Expr::Case { .. } => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visit select item and update all references.
+    fn visit_select_item(&self, select_item: &mut SelectItem) {
+        match select_item {
+            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(expr)
+            | SelectItem::ExprQualifiedWildcard(expr, _)
+            | SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { expr, .. } => self.visit_expr(expr),
+            SelectItem::QualifiedWildcard(_, None) | SelectItem::Wildcard(None) => {}
+            SelectItem::QualifiedWildcard(_, Some(exprs)) | SelectItem::Wildcard(Some(exprs)) => {
+                for expr in exprs {
+                    self.visit_expr(expr);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ReplaceTableExprRewriter {
+    pub table_col_index_mapping: ColIndexMapping,
+}
+
+impl ReplaceTableExprRewriter {
+    pub fn rewrite_expr(&self, expr: &mut ExprNode) {
+        let rex_node = expr.rex_node.as_mut().unwrap();
+        match rex_node {
+            RexNode::InputRef(input_col_idx) => {
+                *input_col_idx = self.table_col_index_mapping.map(*input_col_idx as usize) as u32
+            }
+            RexNode::Constant(_) => {}
+            RexNode::Udf(udf) => self.rewrite_udf(udf),
+            RexNode::FuncCall(function_call) => self.rewrite_function_call(function_call),
+            RexNode::Now(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rewrite_udf(&self, udf: &mut UserDefinedFunction) {
+        udf.children
+            .iter_mut()
+            .for_each(|expr| self.rewrite_expr(expr));
+    }
+
+    fn rewrite_function_call(&self, function_call: &mut FunctionCall) {
+        function_call
+            .children
+            .iter_mut()
+            .for_each(|expr| self.rewrite_expr(expr));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_alter_table_rename() {
+        let definition = "CREATE TABLE foo (a int, b int)";
+        let new_name = "bar";
+        let expected = "CREATE TABLE bar (a INT, b INT)";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename(definition, new_name);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_rename_index_refs() {
+        let definition = "CREATE INDEX idx1 ON foo(v1 DESC, v2)";
+        let from = "foo";
+        let to = "bar";
+        let expected = "CREATE INDEX idx1 ON bar(v1 DESC, v2)";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename_refs(definition, from, to);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_rename_sink_refs() {
+        let definition =
+            "CREATE SINK sink_t FROM foo WITH (connector = 'kafka', format = 'append_only')";
+        let from = "foo";
+        let to = "bar";
+        let expected =
+            "CREATE SINK sink_t FROM bar WITH (connector = 'kafka', format = 'append_only')";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename_refs(definition, from, to);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_rename_with_alias_refs() {
+        let definition =
+            "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT foo.v1 AS m1v, foo.v2 AS m2v FROM foo";
+        let from = "foo";
+        let to = "bar";
+        let expected =
+            "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT foo.v1 AS m1v, foo.v2 AS m2v FROM bar AS foo";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename_refs(definition, from, to);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+
+        let definition = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT foo.v1 AS m1v, (foo.v2).v3 AS m2v FROM foo WHERE foo.v1 = 1 AND (foo.v2).v3 IS TRUE";
+        let expected = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT foo.v1 AS m1v, (foo.v2).v3 AS m2v FROM bar AS foo WHERE foo.v1 = 1 AND (foo.v2).v3 IS TRUE";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename_refs(definition, from, to);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+
+        let definition = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT bar.v1 AS m1v, (bar.v2).v3 AS m2v FROM foo AS bar WHERE bar.v1 = 1";
+        let expected = "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv1 AS SELECT bar.v1 AS m1v, (bar.v2).v3 AS m2v FROM bar AS bar WHERE bar.v1 = 1";
+        let actual = alter_relation_rename_refs(definition, from, to);
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
index 964ee24ae99b5..d36918db3820d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/controller/utils.rs
@@ -115,8 +115,11 @@ pub struct PartialObject {
     pub database_id: Option<DatabaseId>,
 }
 
-/// List all objects that are using the given one. It runs a recursive CTE to find all the dependencies.
-pub async fn list_used_by<C>(obj_id: ObjectId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<Vec<PartialObject>>
+/// List all objects that are using the given one in a cascade way. It runs a recursive CTE to find all the dependencies.
+pub async fn get_referring_objects_cascade<C>(
+    obj_id: ObjectId,
+    db: &C,
+) -> MetaResult<Vec<PartialObject>>
 where
     C: ConnectionTrait,
 {
@@ -318,6 +321,24 @@ where
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// List all objects that are using the given one.
+pub async fn get_referring_objects<C>(object_id: ObjectId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<Vec<PartialObject>>
+where
+    C: ConnectionTrait,
+{
+    let objs = ObjectDependency::find()
+        .filter(object_dependency::Column::Oid.eq(object_id))
+        .join(
+            JoinType::InnerJoin,
+            object_dependency::Relation::Object1.def(),
+        )
+        .into_partial_model()
+        .all(db)
+        .await?;
+
+    Ok(objs)
+}
+
 /// `ensure_schema_empty` ensures that the schema is empty, used by `DROP SCHEMA`.
 pub async fn ensure_schema_empty<C>(schema_id: SchemaId, db: &C) -> MetaResult<()>
 where
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/utils.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/utils.rs
index 7e26e32ee62eb..ea579867fc320 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/utils.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/utils.rs
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl ReplaceTableExprRewriter {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::manager::catalog::utils::{alter_relation_rename, alter_relation_rename_refs};
+    use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_alter_table_rename() {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
index f6638ed0b53a4..0096603c843a3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/connection.rs
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::{PbInfo, PbPrivateLinkService};
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbInfo;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbConnection;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
-use sea_orm::{ActiveValue, FromJsonQueryResult};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use sea_orm::ActiveValue;
 
-use crate::model_v2::ConnectionId;
+use crate::model_v2::{ConnectionId, PrivateLinkService};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "connection")]
@@ -65,11 +64,6 @@ impl Related<super::source::Entity> for Entity {
 
 impl ActiveModelBehavior for ActiveModel {}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct PrivateLinkService(pub PbPrivateLinkService);
-
-impl Eq for PrivateLinkService {}
-
 impl From<PbConnection> for ActiveModel {
     fn from(conn: PbConnection) -> Self {
         let Some(PbInfo::PrivateLinkService(private_link_srv)) = conn.info else {
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
index 6a4b7d1b349ca..3b80632e2cfc3 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/index.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::{I32Array, IndexId, TableId};
+use crate::model_v2::{ExprNodeArray, I32Array, IndexId, JobStatus, TableId};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "index")]
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub name: String,
     pub index_table_id: TableId,
     pub primary_table_id: TableId,
-    pub index_items: Option<Json>,
-    pub original_columns: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub index_items: ExprNodeArray,
+    pub original_columns: I32Array,
+    pub job_status: JobStatus,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
index 43a8e5d24d22f..c9559bd6feda2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/migration/src/m20230908_072257_init.rs
@@ -404,15 +404,16 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Source::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SourceId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::RowIdIndex).string())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Columns).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::PkColumnIds).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Properties).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Definition).string())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::RowIdIndex).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Columns).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::PkColumnIds).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Properties).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Definition).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::SourceInfo).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::WatermarkDescs).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::WatermarkDescs).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::OptionalAssociatedTableId).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::ConnectionId).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Source::Version).big_integer().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_source_object_id")
@@ -442,15 +443,17 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Columns).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Pk).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::DistributionKey).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::StreamKey).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::AppendOnly).boolean().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Properties).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::FragmentId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::VnodeColIndex).integer())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::RowIdIndex).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::ValueIndices).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Definition).string().not_null())
                     .col(
                         ColumnDef::new(Table::HandlePkConflictBehavior)
-                            .integer()
+                            .string()
                             .not_null(),
                     )
                     .col(
@@ -467,6 +470,8 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                             .boolean()
                             .not_null(),
                     )
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::JobStatus).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::CreateType).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Table::Version).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
@@ -506,16 +511,18 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .table(Sink::Table)
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Name).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Columns).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::PkColumnIds).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DistributionKey).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DownstreamPk).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Columns).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::PlanPk).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DistributionKey).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DownstreamPk).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkType).string().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Properties).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Properties).json().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::Definition).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::ConnectionId).integer())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::DbName).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkFromName).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::SinkFormatDesc).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Sink::JobStatus).string().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_sink_object_id")
@@ -541,7 +548,7 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::ViewId).integer().primary_key())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Name).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Properties).json().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Sql).string().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Definition).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(View::Columns).json().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
@@ -562,8 +569,9 @@ impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::Name).string().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexTableId).integer().not_null())
                     .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::PrimaryTableId).integer().not_null())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexItems).json())
-                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::OriginalColumns).json())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::IndexItems).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::OriginalColumns).json().not_null())
+                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Index::JobStatus).string().not_null())
                     .foreign_key(
                         &mut ForeignKey::create()
                             .name("FK_index_object_id")
@@ -862,10 +870,12 @@ enum Table {
     Columns,
     Pk,
     DistributionKey,
+    StreamKey,
     AppendOnly,
     Properties,
     FragmentId,
     VnodeColIndex,
+    RowIdIndex,
     ValueIndices,
     Definition,
     HandlePkConflictBehavior,
@@ -875,6 +885,8 @@ enum Table {
     DmlFragmentId,
     Cardinality,
     CleanedByWatermark,
+    JobStatus,
+    CreateType,
     Version,
 }
 
@@ -892,6 +904,7 @@ enum Source {
     WatermarkDescs,
     OptionalAssociatedTableId,
     ConnectionId,
+    Version,
 }
 
 #[derive(DeriveIden)]
@@ -900,7 +913,7 @@ enum Sink {
     SinkId,
     Name,
     Columns,
-    PkColumnIds,
+    PlanPk,
     DistributionKey,
     DownstreamPk,
     SinkType,
@@ -909,6 +922,8 @@ enum Sink {
     ConnectionId,
     DbName,
     SinkFromName,
+    SinkFormatDesc,
+    JobStatus,
 }
 
 #[derive(DeriveIden)]
@@ -925,7 +940,7 @@ enum View {
     ViewId,
     Name,
     Properties,
-    Sql,
+    Definition,
     Columns,
 }
 
@@ -938,6 +953,7 @@ enum Index {
     PrimaryTableId,
     IndexItems,
     OriginalColumns,
+    JobStatus,
 }
 
 #[derive(DeriveIden)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
index d799a608933ac..1c2f928063fff 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/mod.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use sea_orm::FromJsonQueryResult;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::{PbCreateType, PbStreamJobStatus};
+use sea_orm::{DeriveActiveEnum, EnumIter, FromJsonQueryResult};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 pub mod prelude;
@@ -63,19 +64,73 @@ pub type FunctionId = ObjectId;
 pub type ConnectionId = ObjectId;
 pub type UserId = u32;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct I32Array(pub Vec<i32>);
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum JobStatus {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "CREATING")]
+    Creating,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "CREATED")]
+    Created,
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct DataType(pub risingwave_pb::data::DataType);
+impl From<JobStatus> for PbStreamJobStatus {
+    fn from(job_status: JobStatus) -> Self {
+        match job_status {
+            JobStatus::Creating => Self::Creating,
+            JobStatus::Created => Self::Created,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct DataTypeArray(pub Vec<risingwave_pb::data::DataType>);
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum CreateType {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "BACKGROUND")]
+    Background,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "FOREGROUND")]
+    Foreground,
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct FieldArray(pub Vec<risingwave_pb::plan_common::Field>);
+impl From<CreateType> for PbCreateType {
+    fn from(create_type: CreateType) -> Self {
+        match create_type {
+            CreateType::Background => Self::Background,
+            CreateType::Foreground => Self::Foreground,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-impl Eq for FieldArray {}
+/// Defines struct with a single pb field that derives `FromJsonQueryResult`, it will helps to map json value stored in database to Pb struct.
+macro_rules! derive_from_json_struct {
+    ($struct_name:ident, $field_type:ty) => {
+        #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+        pub struct $struct_name(pub $field_type);
+        impl Eq for $struct_name {}
+    };
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromJsonQueryResult, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-pub struct Property(pub HashMap<String, String>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(I32Array, Vec<i32>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(DataType, risingwave_pb::data::DataType);
+derive_from_json_struct!(DataTypeArray, Vec<risingwave_pb::data::DataType>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(FieldArray, Vec<risingwave_pb::plan_common::Field>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(Property, HashMap<String, String>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(ColumnCatalog, risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnCatalog);
+derive_from_json_struct!(
+    ColumnCatalogArray,
+    Vec<risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnCatalog>
+);
+derive_from_json_struct!(StreamSourceInfo, risingwave_pb::catalog::PbStreamSourceInfo);
+derive_from_json_struct!(WatermarkDesc, risingwave_pb::catalog::PbWatermarkDesc);
+derive_from_json_struct!(
+    WatermarkDescArray,
+    Vec<risingwave_pb::catalog::PbWatermarkDesc>
+);
+derive_from_json_struct!(ExprNodeArray, Vec<risingwave_pb::expr::PbExprNode>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(ColumnOrderArray, Vec<risingwave_pb::common::PbColumnOrder>);
+derive_from_json_struct!(SinkFormatDesc, risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSinkFormatDesc);
+derive_from_json_struct!(Cardinality, risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbCardinality);
+derive_from_json_struct!(TableVersion, risingwave_pb::catalog::table::PbTableVersion);
+derive_from_json_struct!(
+    PrivateLinkService,
+    risingwave_pb::catalog::connection::PbPrivateLinkService
+);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
index 8c22a04a8fd01..bef46f1d7195f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/sink.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbSinkType;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::{ConnectionId, I32Array, SinkId};
+use crate::model_v2::{
+    ColumnCatalogArray, ColumnOrderArray, ConnectionId, I32Array, JobStatus, Property,
+    SinkFormatDesc, SinkId,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
@@ -27,22 +31,34 @@ pub enum SinkType {
     Upsert,
 }
 
+impl From<SinkType> for PbSinkType {
+    fn from(sink_type: SinkType) -> Self {
+        match sink_type {
+            SinkType::AppendOnly => Self::AppendOnly,
+            SinkType::ForceAppendOnly => Self::ForceAppendOnly,
+            SinkType::Upsert => Self::Upsert,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "sink")]
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
     pub sink_id: SinkId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub columns: Option<Json>,
-    pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
-    pub distribution_key: Option<I32Array>,
-    pub downstream_pk: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub columns: ColumnCatalogArray,
+    pub plan_pk: ColumnOrderArray,
+    pub distribution_key: I32Array,
+    pub downstream_pk: I32Array,
     pub sink_type: SinkType,
-    pub properties: Option<Json>,
+    pub properties: Property,
     pub definition: String,
     pub connection_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
     pub db_name: String,
     pub sink_from_name: String,
+    pub sink_format_desc: Option<SinkFormatDesc>,
+    pub job_status: JobStatus,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
index 9bb6acc9382aa..2ad1de7914d96 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/source.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::{ConnectionId, SourceId, TableId};
+use crate::model_v2::{
+    ColumnCatalogArray, ConnectionId, I32Array, Property, SourceId, StreamSourceInfo, TableId,
+    WatermarkDescArray,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "source")]
@@ -22,15 +25,16 @@ pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key, auto_increment = false)]
     pub source_id: SourceId,
     pub name: String,
-    pub row_id_index: Option<String>,
-    pub columns: Option<Json>,
-    pub pk_column_ids: Option<Json>,
-    pub properties: Option<Json>,
-    pub definition: Option<String>,
-    pub source_info: Option<Json>,
-    pub watermark_descs: Option<Json>,
+    pub row_id_index: Option<u32>,
+    pub columns: ColumnCatalogArray,
+    pub pk_column_ids: I32Array,
+    pub properties: Property,
+    pub definition: String,
+    pub source_info: Option<StreamSourceInfo>,
+    pub watermark_descs: WatermarkDescArray,
     pub optional_associated_table_id: Option<TableId>,
     pub connection_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
+    pub version: u64,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
index b2815eed7c8a0..08caee7009f8f 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/table.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::table::PbTableType;
+use risingwave_pb::catalog::PbHandleConflictBehavior;
 use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::model_v2::{I32Array, Property, SourceId, TableId};
+use crate::model_v2::{
+    Cardinality, ColumnCatalogArray, ColumnOrderArray, CreateType, I32Array, JobStatus, Property,
+    SourceId, TableId, TableVersion,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
 #[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
@@ -29,6 +34,38 @@ pub enum TableType {
     Internal,
 }
 
+impl From<TableType> for PbTableType {
+    fn from(table_type: TableType) -> Self {
+        match table_type {
+            TableType::Table => Self::Table,
+            TableType::MaterializedView => Self::MaterializedView,
+            TableType::Index => Self::Index,
+            TableType::Internal => Self::Internal,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, DeriveActiveEnum)]
+#[sea_orm(rs_type = "String", db_type = "String(None)")]
+pub enum HandleConflictBehavior {
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "OVERWRITE")]
+    Overwrite,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "IGNORE")]
+    Ignore,
+    #[sea_orm(string_value = "NO_CHECK")]
+    NoCheck,
+}
+
+impl From<HandleConflictBehavior> for PbHandleConflictBehavior {
+    fn from(handle_conflict_behavior: HandleConflictBehavior) -> Self {
+        match handle_conflict_behavior {
+            HandleConflictBehavior::Overwrite => Self::Overwrite,
+            HandleConflictBehavior::Ignore => Self::Ignore,
+            HandleConflictBehavior::NoCheck => Self::NoCheck,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, DeriveEntityModel, Eq)]
 #[sea_orm(table_name = "table")]
 pub struct Model {
@@ -37,23 +74,27 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub name: String,
     pub optional_associated_source_id: Option<SourceId>,
     pub table_type: TableType,
-    pub columns: Json,
-    pub pk: Json,
+    pub columns: ColumnCatalogArray,
+    pub pk: ColumnOrderArray,
     pub distribution_key: I32Array,
+    pub stream_key: I32Array,
     pub append_only: bool,
     pub properties: Property,
     pub fragment_id: i32,
-    pub vnode_col_index: I32Array,
+    pub vnode_col_index: Option<u32>,
+    pub row_id_index: Option<u32>,
     pub value_indices: I32Array,
     pub definition: String,
-    pub handle_pk_conflict_behavior: i32,
-    pub read_prefix_len_hint: i32,
+    pub handle_pk_conflict_behavior: HandleConflictBehavior,
+    pub read_prefix_len_hint: u32,
     pub watermark_indices: I32Array,
     pub dist_key_in_pk: I32Array,
     pub dml_fragment_id: Option<i32>,
-    pub cardinality: Option<I32Array>,
+    pub cardinality: Option<Cardinality>,
     pub cleaned_by_watermark: bool,
-    pub version: Json,
+    pub job_status: JobStatus,
+    pub create_type: CreateType,
+    pub version: TableVersion,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
index 5bad8593e0b72..8f7d22408d3f2 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/model_v2/view.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub view_id: ViewId,
     pub name: String,
     pub properties: Property,
-    pub sql: String,
+    pub definition: String,
     pub columns: FieldArray,
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl From<PbView> for ActiveModel {
             view_id: ActiveValue::Set(view.id as _),
             name: ActiveValue::Set(view.name),
             properties: ActiveValue::Set(Property(view.properties)),
-            sql: ActiveValue::Set(view.sql),
+            definition: ActiveValue::Set(view.sql),
             columns: ActiveValue::Set(FieldArray(view.columns)),
         }
     }

From 2563300e7b5b1f7a5761052c953f6ffb7ea448f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bohan Zhang <tabvision@bupt.icu>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 17:39:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 413/430] chore: Refactor FsFetchExecutorBuilder to handle rate
 limiting (#13006)

Signed-off-by: tabVersion <tabvision@bupt.icu>
---
 src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
index ecf242f044b04..b6df84c8560e4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/source/fs_fetch.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use crate::error::StreamResult;
 use crate::executor::{
-    BoxedExecutor, Executor, FsFetchExecutor, SourceStateTableHandler, StreamSourceCore,
+    BoxedExecutor, Executor, FlowControlExecutor, FsFetchExecutor, SourceStateTableHandler,
+    StreamSourceCore,
 };
 use crate::from_proto::ExecutorBuilder;
 use crate::task::{ExecutorParams, LocalStreamManagerCore};
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for FsFetchExecutorBuilder {
             state_table_handler,
         );
 
-        Ok(FsFetchExecutor::new(
+        let executor = FsFetchExecutor::new(
             params.actor_context,
             schema,
             params.pk_indices,
@@ -109,6 +110,11 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for FsFetchExecutorBuilder {
             source_ctrl_opts,
             params.env.connector_params(),
         )
-        .boxed())
+        .boxed();
+
+        if let Ok(rate_limit) = source.get_rate_limit() {
+            return Ok(FlowControlExecutor::new(executor, *rate_limit).boxed());
+        }
+        Ok(executor)
     }
 }

From afb705b991cfdca0b2ed5671d8afd8e56854a57b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 08:42:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 414/430] fix(batch): do not send stacktrace to frontend on
 error (#13010)

---
 src/batch/src/task/task_execution.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/task/task_execution.rs b/src/batch/src/task/task_execution.rs
index 6bd83c5d62c67..445c71ee51d66 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/task/task_execution.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/task/task_execution.rs
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ impl<C: BatchTaskContext> BatchTaskExecution<C> {
 
         let error = error.map(Arc::new);
         *self.failure.lock() = error.clone().map(to_rw_error);
-        let err_str = error.as_ref().map(|e| format!("{:?}", e));
+        let err_str = error.as_ref().map(|e| e.to_string());
         if let Err(e) = sender.close(error).await {
             match e {
                 SenderError => {

From a677350670094153a81df0d454bf8ee6cd4c6012 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yingjun Wu <yingjunwu@risingwave-labs.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 19:31:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 415/430] refactor(readme): make the readme doc more user
 friendly (#13017)

Signed-off-by: yingjunwu <yingjunwu@risingwave-labs.com>
Co-authored-by: hengm3467 <100685635+hengm3467@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml |  2 +-
 CONTRIBUTING.md                   |  2 +-
 README.md                         | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 docs/developer-guide.md           |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 235fb3bbacfbb..acd75f253b699 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ contact_links:
     url: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/discussions
     about: Have questions? Welcome to open a discussion.
   - name: Community Chat
-    url: https://join.slack.com/t/risingwave-community/shared_invite/zt-120rft0mr-d8uGk3d~NZiZAQWPnElOfw
+    url: https://risingwave.com/slack
     about: Join the RisingWave Slack community and chat with us.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 9b519c16010ba..c0b3991fc1f61 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Thanks for your interest in contributing to RisingWave! We welcome and appreciat
 
 This document describes how to submit your code changes. To learn about the development process, see the [developer guide](docs/developer-guide.md). To understand the design and implementation of RisingWave, refer to the design docs listed in [docs/README.md](docs/README.md).
 
-If you have questions, you can search for existing discussions or start a new discussion in the [Discussions forum of RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/discussions), or ask in the RisingWave Community channel on Slack. Please use the [invitation link](https://join.slack.com/t/risingwave-community/shared_invite/zt-120rft0mr-d8uGk3d~NZiZAQWPnElOfw) to join the channel.
+If you have questions, you can search for existing discussions or start a new discussion in the [Discussions forum of RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/discussions), or ask in the RisingWave Community channel on Slack. Please use the [invitation link](https://risingwave.com/slack) to join the channel.
 
 To report bugs, create a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/new/choose).
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c1878a2717159..50fcf08c74861 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 <p align="center">
   <picture>
     <source srcset=".github/RisingWave-logo-dark.svg" width="500px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
@@ -9,19 +10,72 @@
 [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/9394d2bca0f87e2e97aa78b25f765c92d4207c0b65e7f6648f.svg)](https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=EB44K9K38B)](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave)
 
-RisingWave is a distributed SQL streaming database. It is designed to reduce the complexity and cost of building stream processing applications. RisingWave consumes streaming data, performs incremental computations when new data comes in, and updates results dynamically. As a database system, RisingWave maintains results inside its own storage so that users can access data efficiently.
-
-RisingWave offers wire compatibility with PostgreSQL and demonstrates exceptional performance surpassing the previous generation of stream processing systems, including Apache Flink, by several orders of magnitude.
-It particularly excels in handling complex stateful operations like multi-stream joins.
-
-RisingWave ingests data from sources like Apache Kafka, Apache Pulsar, Amazon Kinesis, Redpanda, and materialized CDC sources. Data in RisingWave can be delivered to external targets such as message brokers, data warehouses, and data lakes for storage or additional processing.
-
-RisingWave 1.0 is a battle-tested version that has undergone rigorous stress tests and performance evaluations. It has proven its reliability and efficiency through successful deployments in numerous production environments across dozens of companies.
-
-Learn more at [Introduction to RisingWave](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro/).
+<p align="center">
+  <b>Stream Processing Redefined.</b>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+  <a
+    href="https://docs.risingwave.com/"
+    target="_blank"
+  ><b>Documentation</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;📑&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+  <a
+    href="https://tutorials.risingwave.com/"
+    target="_blank"
+  ><b>Hands-on Tutorials</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;🌊&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+  <a
+    href="https://cloud.risingwave.com/"
+    target="_blank"
+  ><b>RisingWave Cloud</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;🚀&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+  <a
+    href="https://risingwave.com/slack"
+    target="_blank"
+  >
+    <b>Get Instant Help</b>
+  </a>
+</p>
+RisingWave is a distributed SQL streaming database that enables <b>simple</b>, <b>efficient</b>, and <b>reliable</b> processing of streaming data.
 
 ![RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave-docs/blob/0f7e1302b22493ba3c1c48e78810750ce9a5ff42/docs/images/archi_simple.png)
 
+## How to install
+**Ubuntu**
+```
+wget https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/releases/download/v1.3.0/risingwave-v1.3.0-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
+tar xvf risingwave-v1.3.0-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
+./risingwave playground
+```
+**Mac**
+```
+brew tap risingwavelabs/risingwave  
+brew install risingwave  
+risingwave playground
+```
+Now connect to RisingWave using `psql`:
+```
+psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root
+```
+
+Learn more at [Quick Start](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/get-started/).
+
+## Why RisingWave for stream processing?
+RisingWave adaptly tackles some of the most challenging problems in stream processing. Compared to existing stream processing systems, RisingWave shines through with the following key features:
+* **Easy to learn:** RisingWave speaks PostgreSQL-style SQL, enabling users to dive into stream processing in much the same way as operating a PostgreSQL database.
+* **Highly efficient in multi-stream joins:** RisingWave has made significant optimizations for multiple stream join scenarios. Users can easily join 10-20 streams (or more) efficiently in a production environment.
+* **High resource utilization:** Queries within RisingWave benefit from shared computational resources, obviating the need for users to manually allocate resources for individual queries.
+* **No compromise on large state management:**: The decoupled compute-storage architecture of RisingWave ensures remote persistence of internal states, and users never need to worry about the size of internal states when handling complex queries.
+* **Transparent dynamic scaling:** RisingWave supports near-instantaneous dynamic scaling without any service interruptions.
+* **Instant failure recovery:** RisingWave's state management mechanism allows it to recover from failure in seconds, not minutes or hours.
+* **Easy to verify correctness:** RisingWave persists results in materialized views and allow users to break down complex stream computation programs into stacked materialized views, simplifying program development and result verification.
+* **Simplified data stack:** RisingWave's ability to store data and serve queries eliminates the need for separate maintenance of stream processors and databases. Users can effortlessly link RisingWave to their preferred BI tools or through client libraries.
+* **Simple to maintain and operate:** -   RisingWave abstracts away unnecessary low-level details, allowing users to concentrate solely on SQL code-level issues.
+* **Rich ecosystem:** With integrations to a diverse range of cloud systems and the PostgreSQL ecosystem, RisingWave boasts a rich and expansive ecosystem.
+
+## RisingWave's limitations
+RisingWave isn’t a panacea for all data engineering hurdles. It has its own set of limitations:
+* **No programmable interfaces:** RisingWave does not provide low-level APIs in languages like Java and Scala, and does not allow users to manage internal states manually (unless you want to hack!). For coding in Java, Scala, and other languages, please consider using RisingWave's User-Defined Functions (UDF).
+* **No support for transaction processing:** RisingWave isn’t cut out for transactional workloads, thus it’s not a viable substitute for operational databases dedicated to transaction processing. However, it supports read-only transactions, ensuring data freshness and consistency. It also comprehends the transactional semantics of upstream database Change Data Capture (CDC).
+* **Not tailored for ad-hoc analytical queries:** RisingWave's row store design is tailored for optimal stream processing performance rather than interactive analytical workloads. Hence, it's not a suitable replacement for OLAP databases. Yet, a reliable integration with many OLAP databases exists, and a collaborative use of RisingWave and OLAP databases is a common practice among many users.
+
 
 ## RisingWave Cloud
 
@@ -29,19 +83,10 @@ RisingWave Cloud is a fully-managed and scalable stream processing platform powe
 
 ## Notes on telemetry
 
-RisingWave collects anonymous usage statistics to better understand how the community is using RisingWave. The sole intention of this exercise is to help improve the product. These statistics are related to system resource usage, OS versions and system uptime. RisingWave doesn't have access to any user data or metadata running on RisingWave clusters including source and sink connection parameters, sources, sinks, materialized views, and tables. Users have the option to opt out of this collection using a system parameter. Please refer to the RisingWave user documentation for more details.
-
-## Get started
-
-- To learn about how to install and run RisingWave, see [Get started](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/get-started/).
-- To learn about how to ingest data and the supported data sources, see [Sources](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/data-ingestion/).
-- To learn about how to transform data using the PostgreSQL-compatible SQL of RisingWave, see [SQL reference](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/sql-references/).
-- To learn about how to deliver data and the supported data sinks, see [Sinks](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/data-delivery/).
-- To learn about new features and changes in the current and previous versions, see [Release notes](https://docs.risingwave.com/release-notes/).
-
-## Documentation
+RisingWave collects anonymous usage statistics to better understand how the community is using RisingWave. The sole intention of this exercise is to help improve the product. Users may opt out easily at any time. Please refer to the [user documentation](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/telemetry/) for more details.
 
-To learn about how to use RisingWave, refer to [RisingWave User Documentation](https://docs.risingwave.com/). To learn about the development process, see the [developer guide](docs/developer-guide.md). To understand the design and implementation of RisingWave, refer to the design docs listed in [readme.md](docs/README.md).
+## In-production use cases
+Like other stream processing systems, the primary use cases of RisingWave include monitoring, alerting, real-time dashboard reporting, streaming ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), machine learning feature engineering, and more. It has already been adopted in fields such as financial trading, manufacturing, new media, logistics, gaming, and more. Check out [customer stories](https://www.risingwave.com/use-cases/).
 
 ## Community
 
diff --git a/docs/developer-guide.md b/docs/developer-guide.md
index 4ecc756131dff..7d072e7da2e44 100644
--- a/docs/developer-guide.md
+++ b/docs/developer-guide.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 This guide is intended to be used by contributors to learn about how to develop RisingWave. The instructions about how to submit code changes are included in [contributing guidelines](../CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
-If you have questions, you can search for existing discussions or start a new discussion in the [Discussions forum of RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/discussions), or ask in the RisingWave Community channel on Slack. Please use the [invitation link](https://join.slack.com/t/risingwave-community/shared_invite/zt-120rft0mr-d8uGk3d~NZiZAQWPnElOfw) to join the channel.
+If you have questions, you can search for existing discussions or start a new discussion in the [Discussions forum of RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/discussions), or ask in the RisingWave Community channel on Slack. Please use the [invitation link](https://risingwave.com/slack) to join the channel.
 
 To report bugs, create a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/new/choose).
 

From 1f9030f63628c9b3de82b6c98673ae473ceaaccb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yingjun Wu <yingjunwu@risingwave-labs.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 21:10:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 416/430] chore: Update README.md (#13018)

---
 README.md | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 50fcf08c74861..319c7f7025ea3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
   </picture>
 </p>
 
-[![Slack](https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack)](https://risingwave.com/slack)
-[![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/9394d2bca0f87e2e97aa78b25f765c92d4207c0b65e7f6648f.svg)](https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main)
-[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=EB44K9K38B)](https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave)
 
-<p align="center">
-  <b>Stream Processing Redefined.</b>
-</p>
+<div align="center">
+  
+### 🌊Stream Processing Redefined.
+
+</div>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a
     href="https://docs.risingwave.com/"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   <a
     href="https://tutorials.risingwave.com/"
     target="_blank"
-  ><b>Hands-on Tutorials</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;🌊&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+  ><b>Hands-on Tutorials</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;🎯&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
   <a
     href="https://cloud.risingwave.com/"
     target="_blank"
@@ -33,6 +33,27 @@
     <b>Get Instant Help</b>
   </a>
 </p>
+<div align="center">
+  <a
+    href="https://risingwave.com/slack"
+    target="_blank"
+  >
+    <img alt="Slack" src="https://badgen.net/badge/Slack/Join%20RisingWave/0abd59?icon=slack" />
+  </a>
+  <a
+    href="https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main"
+    target="_blank"
+  >
+    <img alt="Build status" src="https://badge.buildkite.com/9394d2bca0f87e2e97aa78b25f765c92d4207c0b65e7f6648f.svg" />
+  </a>
+  <a
+    href="https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave"
+    target="_blank"
+  >
+    <img alt="codecov" src="https://codecov.io/gh/risingwavelabs/risingwave/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=EB44K9K38B" />
+  </a>
+</div>
+
 RisingWave is a distributed SQL streaming database that enables <b>simple</b>, <b>efficient</b>, and <b>reliable</b> processing of streaming data.
 
 ![RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave-docs/blob/0f7e1302b22493ba3c1c48e78810750ce9a5ff42/docs/images/archi_simple.png)
@@ -62,12 +83,12 @@ RisingWave adaptly tackles some of the most challenging problems in stream proce
 * **Easy to learn:** RisingWave speaks PostgreSQL-style SQL, enabling users to dive into stream processing in much the same way as operating a PostgreSQL database.
 * **Highly efficient in multi-stream joins:** RisingWave has made significant optimizations for multiple stream join scenarios. Users can easily join 10-20 streams (or more) efficiently in a production environment.
 * **High resource utilization:** Queries within RisingWave benefit from shared computational resources, obviating the need for users to manually allocate resources for individual queries.
-* **No compromise on large state management:**: The decoupled compute-storage architecture of RisingWave ensures remote persistence of internal states, and users never need to worry about the size of internal states when handling complex queries.
+* **No compromise on large state management:** The decoupled compute-storage architecture of RisingWave ensures remote persistence of internal states, and users never need to worry about the size of internal states when handling complex queries.
 * **Transparent dynamic scaling:** RisingWave supports near-instantaneous dynamic scaling without any service interruptions.
 * **Instant failure recovery:** RisingWave's state management mechanism allows it to recover from failure in seconds, not minutes or hours.
 * **Easy to verify correctness:** RisingWave persists results in materialized views and allow users to break down complex stream computation programs into stacked materialized views, simplifying program development and result verification.
 * **Simplified data stack:** RisingWave's ability to store data and serve queries eliminates the need for separate maintenance of stream processors and databases. Users can effortlessly link RisingWave to their preferred BI tools or through client libraries.
-* **Simple to maintain and operate:** -   RisingWave abstracts away unnecessary low-level details, allowing users to concentrate solely on SQL code-level issues.
+* **Simple to maintain and operate:** RisingWave abstracts away unnecessary low-level details, allowing users to concentrate solely on SQL code-level issues.
 * **Rich ecosystem:** With integrations to a diverse range of cloud systems and the PostgreSQL ecosystem, RisingWave boasts a rich and expansive ecosystem.
 
 ## RisingWave's limitations

From c171d4cb85964440097895bfdb19617be3fca1df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 14:29:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 417/430] refactor(optimizer): use getters to access plan base,
 with runtime convention checking (#12980)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 README.md                                     |   6 +-
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs         |   3 +-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs |  11 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs   |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_exchange.rs |  14 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs   |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs   |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs   |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs    |   4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs   |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs   |  12 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs    |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs  |   6 +-
 .../plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs       |   6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs  |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs  |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs  |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs |   8 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs   |  11 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort.rs     |   5 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs   |   8 +-
 .../plan_node/batch_table_function.rs         |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs     |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs   |   1 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_values.rs   |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs    |  17 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs  |   4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_expand.rs |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_filter.rs |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs |   4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs |   5 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs   |   9 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs    |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs    |   2 +-
 .../plan_node/logical_project_set.rs          |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs   |  10 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_share.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs |   5 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs  |   6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs |   1 +
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs |   3 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/merge_eq_nodes.rs |   1 +
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs   |  90 ++++--
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs      | 298 +++++++++++-------
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs         |  16 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs   |   4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs  |   6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs     |   1 +
 .../plan_node/stream_dynamic_filter.rs        |   9 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs      |   4 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs    |   8 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs  |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs  |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs    |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs  |   5 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs    |   9 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs   |   9 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs  |   6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs |  12 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs     |   5 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs |   5 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs |   6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs   |   6 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs  |   6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs    |   7 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs    |   4 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs  |   2 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs  |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs  |  12 +-
 .../plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs         |   8 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs   |   6 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs  |   1 +
 .../plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs      |   3 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_rewriter/plan_cloner.rs    |   1 +
 .../plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs    |   1 +
 .../plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs      |   1 +
 .../src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs    |   6 +-
 src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/order.rs  |   2 +-
 .../rule/always_false_filter_rule.rs          |   1 +
 .../rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs         |   1 +
 .../optimizer/rule/expand_to_project_rule.rs  |   2 +-
 .../optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs    |   1 +
 .../rule/left_deep_tree_join_ordering_rule.rs |   1 +
 .../optimizer/rule/merge_multijoin_rule.rs    |   1 +
 .../optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs   |   2 +-
 .../rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs          |   1 +
 .../rule/pull_up_correlated_predicate_rule.rs |   1 +
 .../table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs     |   3 +-
 .../rule/trivial_project_to_values_rule.rs    |   1 +
 .../rule/union_input_values_merge_rule.rs     |   1 +
 .../optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs  |   4 +-
 src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs |   2 +-
 98 files changed, 501 insertions(+), 335 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 319c7f7025ea3..05f8ed8e3fb75 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 <div align="center">
-  
+
 ### 🌊Stream Processing Redefined.
 
 </div>
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ tar xvf risingwave-v1.3.0-x86_64-unknown-linux.tar.gz
 ```
 **Mac**
 ```
-brew tap risingwavelabs/risingwave  
-brew install risingwave  
+brew tap risingwavelabs/risingwave
+brew install risingwave
 risingwave playground
 ```
 Now connect to RisingWave using `psql`:
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
index 3fa9129f39743..053ba5aa30f19 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_mv.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use crate::binder::{Binder, BoundQuery, BoundSetExpr};
 use crate::catalog::{check_valid_column_name, CatalogError};
 use crate::handler::privilege::resolve_query_privileges;
 use crate::handler::HandlerArgs;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::Explain;
 use crate::optimizer::{OptimizerContext, OptimizerContextRef, PlanRef, RelationCollectorVisitor};
 use crate::planner::Planner;
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ It only indicates the physical clustering of the data, which may improve the per
 
         let (plan, table) =
             gen_create_mv_plan(&session, context.into(), query, name, columns, emit_mode)?;
-        let context = plan.plan_base().ctx.clone();
+        let context = plan.plan_base().ctx().clone();
         let mut graph = build_graph(plan);
         graph.parallelism = session
             .config()
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
index d62a85095d21c..2cb2360b3e51d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch.rs
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Order;
 
-/// A subtrait of [`GenericPlanRef`] for batch plans.
+/// A subtrait of [`PhysicalPlanRef`] for batch plans.
 ///
 /// Due to the lack of refactoring, all plan nodes currently implement this trait
 /// through [`super::PlanBase`]. One may still use this trait as a bound for
-/// expecting a batch plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`].
-pub trait BatchPlanRef: GenericPlanRef {
+/// accessing a batch plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`] or
+/// [`PhysicalPlanRef`].
+///
+/// [`GenericPlanRef`]: super::generic::GenericPlanRef
+pub trait BatchPlanRef: PhysicalPlanRef {
     fn order(&self) -> &Order;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
index 42db0a1c4a774..85d22a46b450e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_delete.rs
@@ -33,11 +33,8 @@ pub struct BatchDelete {
 impl BatchDelete {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Delete<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         assert_eq!(core.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
-        let base: PlanBase = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &core,
-            core.input.distribution().clone(),
-            Order::any(),
-        );
+        let base: PlanBase =
+            PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, core.input.distribution().clone(), Order::any());
         Self { base, core }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_exchange.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_exchange.rs
index 583838e877c5e..6477c7ec213e2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_exchange.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::{ExchangeNode, MergeSortExchangeNode};
 
+use super::batch::BatchPlanRef;
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::ToLocalBatch;
@@ -43,12 +45,12 @@ impl Distill for BatchExchange {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let input_schema = self.input.schema();
         let order = OrderDisplay {
-            order: &self.base.order,
+            order: self.base.order(),
             input_schema,
         }
         .distill();
         let dist = Pretty::display(&DistributionDisplay {
-            distribution: &self.base.dist,
+            distribution: self.base.distribution(),
             input_schema,
         });
         childless_record("BatchExchange", vec![("order", order), ("dist", dist)])
@@ -75,18 +77,18 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchExchange {
 /// The serialization of Batch Exchange is default cuz it will be rewritten in scheduler.
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchExchange {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        if self.base.order.is_any() {
+        if self.base.order().is_any() {
             NodeBody::Exchange(ExchangeNode {
                 sources: vec![],
-                input_schema: self.base.schema.to_prost(),
+                input_schema: self.base.schema().to_prost(),
             })
         } else {
             NodeBody::MergeSortExchange(MergeSortExchangeNode {
                 exchange: Some(ExchangeNode {
                     sources: vec![],
-                    input_schema: self.base.schema.to_prost(),
+                    input_schema: self.base.schema().to_prost(),
                 }),
-                column_orders: self.base.order.to_protobuf(),
+                column_orders: self.base.order().to_protobuf(),
             })
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
index 870368701be44..af4413b9e5152 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_expand.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl BatchExpand {
             | Distribution::UpstreamHashShard(_, _) => Distribution::SomeShard,
             Distribution::Broadcast => unreachable!(),
         };
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
         BatchExpand { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
index 6bc5086c7a29b..4bff7cbfee3c0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_filter.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub struct BatchFilter {
 impl BatchFilter {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Filter<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         // TODO: derive from input
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(
             &core,
             core.input.distribution().clone(),
             core.input.order().clone(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
index 8f6684dc4d85b..70ee8328623f5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_group_topn.rs
@@ -33,11 +33,8 @@ pub struct BatchGroupTopN {
 impl BatchGroupTopN {
     pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         assert!(!core.group_key.is_empty());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &core,
-            core.input.distribution().clone(),
-            Order::any(),
-        );
+        let base =
+            PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, core.input.distribution().clone(), Order::any());
         BatchGroupTopN { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
index fa14076912689..b4ab3341ace29 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_agg.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl BatchHashAgg {
         let dist = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(input_dist);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
         BatchHashAgg { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
index 5adfa6f5fd622..bad586d4af1e4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hash_join.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct BatchHashJoin {
 impl BatchHashJoin {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>, eq_join_predicate: EqJoinPredicate) -> Self {
         let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), core.right.distribution(), &core);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
 
         Self {
             base,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl BatchHashJoin {
 
 impl Distill for BatchHashJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
index 68381956b8a9a..2a4a27f9a0583 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_hop_window.rs
@@ -44,11 +44,8 @@ impl BatchHopWindow {
         let distribution = core
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(core.input.distribution());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &core,
-            distribution,
-            core.get_out_column_index_order(),
-        );
+        let base =
+            PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, distribution, core.get_out_column_index_order());
         BatchHopWindow {
             base,
             core,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
index 0a2d2dddec8c5..aec05eee145b8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_insert.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::InsertNode;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{DefaultColumns, IndexAndExpr};
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::expr::Expr;
@@ -34,11 +35,8 @@ pub struct BatchInsert {
 impl BatchInsert {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Insert<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         assert_eq!(core.input.distribution(), &Distribution::Single);
-        let base: PlanBase = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &core,
-            core.input.distribution().clone(),
-            Order::any(),
-        );
+        let base: PlanBase =
+            PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, core.input.distribution().clone(), Order::any());
 
         BatchInsert { base, core }
     }
@@ -46,7 +44,9 @@ impl BatchInsert {
 
 impl Distill for BatchInsert {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let vec = self.core.fields_pretty(self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose());
+        let vec = self
+            .core
+            .fields_pretty(self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose());
         childless_record("BatchInsert", vec)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
index 17ee2c3fb69f3..93b14d0198979 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_limit.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::LimitNode;
 
+use super::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ pub struct BatchLimit {
 
 impl BatchLimit {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Limit<PlanRef>) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(
             &core,
             core.input.distribution().clone(),
             core.input.order().clone(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
index 99eb905da4661..48f99668c3af7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_lookup_join.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::{DistributedLookupJoinNode, LocalLookupJoinNode};
 
-use super::generic::{self};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::ExprRewritable;
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter};
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl BatchLookupJoin {
         assert!(eq_join_predicate.has_eq());
         assert!(eq_join_predicate.eq_keys_are_type_aligned());
         let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), &core);
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
         Self {
             base,
             core,
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl BatchLookupJoin {
 
 impl Distill for BatchLookupJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
index d743523d05911..8980ad2f23f6d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_nested_loop_join.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::NestedLoopJoinNode;
 
-use super::generic::{self};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter};
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct BatchNestedLoopJoin {
 impl BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Join<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         let dist = Self::derive_dist(core.left.distribution(), core.right.distribution());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
         Self { base, core }
     }
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl BatchNestedLoopJoin {
 
 impl Distill for BatchNestedLoopJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
index f04587059aecd..fb455758f331a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_over_window.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::SortOverWindowNode;
 
+use super::batch::BatchPlanRef;
 use super::generic::PlanWindowFunction;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ impl BatchOverWindow {
                 .collect(),
         );
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, input_dist, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, input_dist, order);
         BatchOverWindow { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
index 591d7d13caed8..642683967c5c3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::ProjectNode;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::ExprNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch,
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ impl BatchProject {
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_order(core.input.order());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, distribution, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, distribution, order);
         BatchProject { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
index 331ca8e5235de..5888df9d15889 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_project_set.rs
@@ -38,11 +38,8 @@ impl BatchProjectSet {
             .i2o_col_mapping()
             .rewrite_provided_distribution(core.input.distribution());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
-            &core,
-            distribution,
-            core.get_out_column_index_order(),
-        );
+        let base =
+            PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, distribution, core.get_out_column_index_order());
         BatchProjectSet { base, core }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
index dc0e553caf308..6834ed29353b9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_seq_scan.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::row_seq_scan_node::ChunkSize;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::{RowSeqScanNode, SysRowSeqScanNode};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::PbColumnDesc;
 
+use super::batch::BatchPlanRef;
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::catalog::ColumnId;
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ impl BatchSeqScan {
         } else {
             core.get_out_column_index_order()
         };
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, order);
 
         {
             // validate scan_range
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ fn range_to_string(name: &str, range: &(Bound<ScalarImpl>, Bound<ScalarImpl>)) -
 
 impl Distill for BatchSeqScan {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(4);
         vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.core.table_name.clone())));
         vec.push(("columns", self.core.columns_pretty(verbose)));
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ impl Distill for BatchSeqScan {
         if verbose {
             let dist = Pretty::display(&DistributionDisplay {
                 distribution: self.distribution(),
-                input_schema: &self.base.schema,
+                input_schema: self.base.schema(),
             });
             vec.push(("distribution", dist));
         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
index ff184324a5fb9..bae8d70c2eedf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_simple_agg.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::SortAggNode;
 
-use super::generic::{self, PlanAggCall};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef, PlanAggCall};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub struct BatchSimpleAgg {
 impl BatchSimpleAgg {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Agg<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         let input_dist = core.input.distribution().clone();
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, input_dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, input_dist, Order::any());
         BatchSimpleAgg { base, core }
     }
 
@@ -41,8 +41,11 @@ impl BatchSimpleAgg {
     }
 
     fn two_phase_agg_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        let session_ctx = self.base.ctx.session_ctx();
-        session_ctx.config().get_enable_two_phase_agg()
+        self.base
+            .ctx()
+            .session_ctx()
+            .config()
+            .get_enable_two_phase_agg()
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn can_two_phase_agg(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort.rs
index 8576a18c19333..e7bff6d51d85b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::SortNode;
 
+use super::batch::BatchPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::ToLocalBatch;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for BatchSort {
     }
 
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
-        Self::new(input, self.base.order.clone())
+        Self::new(input, self.base.order().clone())
     }
 }
 impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! {BatchSort}
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ impl ToDistributedBatch for BatchSort {
 
 impl ToBatchPb for BatchSort {
     fn to_batch_prost_body(&self) -> NodeBody {
-        let column_orders = self.base.order.to_protobuf();
+        let column_orders = self.base.order().to_protobuf();
         NodeBody::Sort(SortNode { column_orders })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
index 00facef473a37..2252d4c0c0ee0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_sort_agg.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl BatchSortAgg {
 
         let order = core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_provided_order(&input_order);
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, order);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, order);
 
         BatchSortAgg {
             base,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
index 8d43b4a7f6663..9e2cd6006db0b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_source.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::SourceNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, column_names_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch, ToLocalBatch,
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct BatchSource {
 
 impl BatchSource {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Source) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(
             &core,
             // Use `Single` by default, will be updated later with `clone_with_dist`.
             Distribution::Single,
@@ -58,8 +59,9 @@ impl BatchSource {
     }
 
     pub fn clone_with_dist(&self) -> Self {
-        let mut base = self.base.clone();
-        base.dist = Distribution::SomeShard;
+        let base = self
+            .base
+            .clone_with_new_distribution(Distribution::SomeShard);
         Self {
             base,
             core: self.core.clone(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_table_function.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_table_function.rs
index 91aa1af0abbe7..0b9887cd4aaba 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_table_function.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_table_function.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::TableFunctionNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeLeaf, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ impl BatchTableFunction {
     }
 
     pub fn with_dist(logical: LogicalTableFunction, dist: Distribution) -> Self {
-        let ctx = logical.base.ctx.clone();
+        let ctx = logical.base.ctx().clone();
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch(ctx, logical.schema().clone(), dist, Order::any());
         BatchTableFunction { base, logical }
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
index e5f44bd2ef0e2..b2eda24046d28 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_topn.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub struct BatchTopN {
 impl BatchTopN {
     pub fn new(core: generic::TopN<PlanRef>) -> Self {
         assert!(core.group_key.is_empty());
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(
             &core,
             core.input.distribution().clone(),
             // BatchTopN outputs data in the order of specified order
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
index 31b4a541dfe4a..c7c71111174c6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_union.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl BatchUnion {
             Distribution::SomeShard
         };
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_from_logical(&core, dist, Order::any());
+        let base = PlanBase::new_batch_with_core(&core, dist, Order::any());
         BatchUnion { base, core }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
index feebedeb07aaf..20e4b8b6b966c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_update.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::UpdateNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, ToBatchPb, ToDistributedBatch,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_values.rs
index 5f4e2308493a9..9348cddba7422 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/batch_values.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::plan_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::values_node::ExprTuple;
 use risingwave_pb::batch_plan::ValuesNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     ExprRewritable, LogicalValues, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeLeaf, ToBatchPb,
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ impl BatchValues {
     }
 
     pub fn with_dist(logical: LogicalValues, dist: Distribution) -> Self {
-        let ctx = logical.base.ctx.clone();
+        let ctx = logical.base.ctx().clone();
         let base = PlanBase::new_batch(ctx, logical.schema().clone(), dist, Order::any());
         BatchValues { base, logical }
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
index 49038500b4301..aec59c90bcc4e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/mod.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 
-use super::{stream, EqJoinPredicate};
+use super::{stream, EqJoinPredicate, PlanNodeId};
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
-use crate::optimizer::property::FunctionalDependencySet;
+use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, FunctionalDependencySet};
 
 pub mod dynamic_filter;
 pub use dynamic_filter::*;
@@ -85,21 +85,18 @@ macro_rules! impl_distill_unit_from_fields {
 pub(super) use impl_distill_unit_from_fields;
 
 pub trait GenericPlanRef: Eq + Hash {
+    fn id(&self) -> PlanNodeId;
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema;
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]>;
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet;
     fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef;
 }
 
+pub trait PhysicalPlanRef: GenericPlanRef {
+    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution;
+}
+
 pub trait GenericPlanNode {
-    /// return (schema, `stream_key`, fds)
-    fn logical_properties(&self) -> (Schema, Option<Vec<usize>>, FunctionalDependencySet) {
-        (
-            self.schema(),
-            self.stream_key(),
-            self.functional_dependency(),
-        )
-    }
     fn functional_dependency(&self) -> FunctionalDependencySet;
     fn schema(&self) -> Schema;
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<Vec<usize>>;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
index 7640f093fc933..b398ce7494f61 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_apply.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 
-use super::generic::{self, push_down_into_join, push_down_join_condition, GenericPlanNode};
+use super::generic::{
+    self, push_down_into_join, push_down_join_condition, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef,
+};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     ColPrunable, LogicalJoin, LogicalProject, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_expand.rs
index b32374e6dc427..d1f3b666feef5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_expand.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     gen_filter_and_pushdown, generic, BatchExpand, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef,
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut values = LogicalValues::new(vec![], Schema { fields }, ctx);
         values
             .base
-            .functional_dependency
+            .functional_dependency_mut()
             .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0], &[1, 2]);
 
         let column_subsets = vec![vec![0, 1], vec![2]];
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_filter.rs
index 72ee7d246b83d..a62b91aac5277 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_filter.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     generic, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, LogicalProject, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary,
@@ -462,7 +463,7 @@ mod tests {
         // 3 --> 1, 2
         values
             .base
-            .functional_dependency
+            .functional_dependency_mut()
             .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[3], &[1, 2]);
         // v1 = 0 AND v2 = v3
         let predicate = ExprImpl::FunctionCall(Box::new(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
index e4bd65efa647c..da2ec2138c3d1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_hop_window.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::Interval;
 
-use super::generic::GenericPlanNode;
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     gen_filter_and_pushdown, generic, BatchHopWindow, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, LogicalFilter,
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ mod test {
         // 0, 1 --> 2
         values
             .base
-            .functional_dependency
+            .functional_dependency_mut()
             .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0, 1], &[2]);
         let hop_window: PlanRef = LogicalHopWindow::new(
             values.into(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
index f44000b502223..e93b77d79c1f2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_insert.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableVersionId;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     gen_filter_and_pushdown, generic, BatchInsert, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, LogicalProject,
@@ -90,7 +91,9 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! {LogicalInsert}
 
 impl Distill for LogicalInsert {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let vec = self.core.fields_pretty(self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose());
+        let vec = self
+            .core
+            .fields_pretty(self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose());
         childless_record("LogicalInsert", vec)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
index cfc49a1da3353..a586af2f0bf42 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_join.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct LogicalJoin {
 
 impl Distill for LogicalJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.join_type())));
 
@@ -1296,7 +1296,8 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalJoin {
         logical_join.left = logical_join.left.to_batch()?;
         logical_join.right = logical_join.right.to_batch()?;
 
-        let config = self.base.ctx.session_ctx().config();
+        let ctx = self.base.ctx();
+        let config = ctx.session_ctx().config();
 
         if predicate.has_eq() {
             if !predicate.eq_keys_are_type_aligned() {
@@ -2000,7 +2001,7 @@ mod tests {
             // 0 --> 1
             values
                 .base
-                .functional_dependency
+                .functional_dependency_mut()
                 .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0], &[1]);
             values
         };
@@ -2014,7 +2015,7 @@ mod tests {
             // 0 --> 1, 2
             values
                 .base
-                .functional_dependency
+                .functional_dependency_mut()
                 .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0], &[1, 2]);
             values
         };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
index 1c0253ab7aafd..9b740abd7718e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_multi_join.rs
@@ -863,6 +863,7 @@ mod test {
     use super::*;
     use crate::expr::{FunctionCall, InputRef};
     use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContext;
+    use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
     use crate::optimizer::plan_node::LogicalValues;
     use crate::optimizer::property::FunctionalDependency;
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -883,7 +884,7 @@ mod test {
             // 0 --> 1
             values
                 .base
-                .functional_dependency
+                .functional_dependency_mut()
                 .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0], &[1]);
             values
         };
@@ -897,7 +898,7 @@ mod test {
             // 0 --> 1, 2
             values
                 .base
-                .functional_dependency
+                .functional_dependency_mut()
                 .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[0], &[1, 2]);
             values
         };
@@ -910,7 +911,7 @@ mod test {
             // {} --> 0
             values
                 .base
-                .functional_dependency
+                .functional_dependency_mut()
                 .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[], &[0]);
             values
         };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
index 2792c4848e3b3..1d720db15b71a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_now.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     ColPrunable, ColumnPruningContext, ExprRewritable, LogicalFilter, PlanBase, PlanRef,
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ impl LogicalNow {
 
 impl Distill for LogicalNow {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let vec = if self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose() {
+        let vec = if self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose() {
             vec![("output", column_names_pretty(self.schema()))]
         } else {
             vec![]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
index f3bb51cc7f971..a96de7d91ecd5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project.rs
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalProject {
         // But the target size of `out_col_change` should be the same as the length of the new
         // schema.
         let (map, _) = out_col_change.into_parts();
-        let out_col_change = ColIndexMapping::with_target_size(map, proj.base.schema.len());
+        let out_col_change = ColIndexMapping::with_target_size(map, proj.base.schema().len());
         Ok((proj.into(), out_col_change))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
index cba907eeeb379..4bf6b18cdabe3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_project_set.rs
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut values = LogicalValues::new(vec![], Schema { fields }, ctx);
         values
             .base
-            .functional_dependency
+            .functional_dependency_mut()
             .add_functional_dependency_by_column_indices(&[1], &[2]);
         let project_set = LogicalProjectSet::new(
             values.into(),
@@ -449,8 +449,9 @@ mod test {
         );
         let fd_set: HashSet<FunctionalDependency> = project_set
             .base
-            .functional_dependency
-            .into_dependencies()
+            .functional_dependency()
+            .as_dependencies()
+            .clone()
             .into_iter()
             .collect();
         let expected_fd_set: HashSet<FunctionalDependency> =
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
index a499a9c6ea3d3..07d2a6c7653e7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_scan.rs
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ impl LogicalScan {
             self.output_col_idx().to_vec(),
             self.core.table_desc.clone(),
             self.indexes().to_vec(),
-            self.base.ctx.clone(),
+            self.base.ctx().clone(),
             predicate,
             self.for_system_time_as_of_proctime(),
             self.table_cardinality(),
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ impl LogicalScan {
             output_col_idx,
             self.core.table_desc.clone(),
             self.indexes().to_vec(),
-            self.base.ctx.clone(),
+            self.base.ctx().clone(),
             self.predicate().clone(),
             self.for_system_time_as_of_proctime(),
             self.table_cardinality(),
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_leaf! {LogicalScan}
 
 impl Distill for LogicalScan {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(5);
         vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.table_name().to_owned())));
         let key_is_columns =
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ impl LogicalScan {
             let (scan_ranges, predicate) = self.predicate().clone().split_to_scan_ranges(
                 self.core.table_desc.clone(),
                 self.base
-                    .ctx
+                    .ctx()
                     .session_ctx()
                     .config()
                     .get_max_split_range_gap(),
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalScan {
                 None.into(),
             )));
         }
-        match self.base.stream_key.is_none() {
+        match self.base.stream_key().is_none() {
             true => {
                 let mut col_ids = HashSet::new();
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_share.rs
index d924ee7180168..d6b5711740a98 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_share.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl LogicalShare {
     }
 
     pub(super) fn pretty_fields<'a>(base: &PlanBase, name: &'a str) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        childless_record(name, vec![("id", Pretty::debug(&base.id.0))])
+        childless_record(name, vec![("id", Pretty::debug(&base.id().0))])
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
index 1d37da9eaa40f..45a5fbcb2240f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_source.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use risingwave_connector::source::{ConnectorProperties, DataType};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::column_desc::GeneratedOrDefaultColumn;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::GeneratedColumnDesc;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::stream_watermark_filter::StreamWatermarkFilter;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ impl LogicalSource {
             ..self.core.clone()
         };
         let mut new_s3_plan: PlanRef = StreamSource {
-            base: PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+            base: PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
                 &logical_source,
                 Distribution::Single,
                 true, // `list` will keep listing all objects, it must be append-only
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ impl PredicatePushdown for LogicalSource {
 
         let mut new_conjunctions = Vec::with_capacity(predicate.conjunctions.len());
         for expr in predicate.conjunctions {
-            if let Some(e) = expr_to_kafka_timestamp_range(expr, &mut range, &self.base.schema) {
+            if let Some(e) = expr_to_kafka_timestamp_range(expr, &mut range, self.base.schema()) {
                 // Not recognized, so push back
                 new_conjunctions.push(e);
             }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
index 51e4e620cf4ca..1f02b026c0020 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_union.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl ToBatch for LogicalUnion {
         if !self.all() {
             let batch_union = BatchUnion::new(new_logical).into();
             Ok(BatchHashAgg::new(
-                generic::Agg::new(vec![], (0..self.base.schema.len()).collect(), batch_union)
+                generic::Agg::new(vec![], (0..self.base.schema().len()).collect(), batch_union)
                     .with_enable_two_phase(false),
             )
             .into())
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl ToStream for LogicalUnion {
         &self,
         ctx: &mut RewriteStreamContext,
     ) -> Result<(PlanRef, ColIndexMapping)> {
-        let original_schema = self.base.schema.clone();
+        let original_schema = self.base.schema().clone();
         let original_schema_len = original_schema.len();
         let mut rewrites = vec![];
         for input in &self.core.inputs {
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Check the result
         let union = plan.as_logical_union().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(union.base.schema.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(union.base.schema().len(), 2);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
index 80e4f350d8edb..1dbe1d3d3c5c9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_update.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use risingwave_common::catalog::TableVersionId;
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{
     gen_filter_and_pushdown, generic, BatchUpdate, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, LogicalProject,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
index c6a3d2ac0564e..e62c6400f2015 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_values.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::error::Result;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl};
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{
     BatchValues, ColPrunable, ExprRewritable, LogicalFilter, PlanBase, PlanRef, PredicatePushdown,
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ impl ColPrunable for LogicalValues {
             .iter()
             .map(|i| self.schema().fields[*i].clone())
             .collect();
-        Self::new(rows, Schema { fields }, self.base.ctx.clone()).into()
+        Self::new(rows, Schema { fields }, self.base.ctx().clone()).into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/merge_eq_nodes.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/merge_eq_nodes.rs
index 73f82e86aa260..9f2e8d94634be 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/merge_eq_nodes.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/merge_eq_nodes.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::{EndoPlan, LogicalShare, PlanNodeId, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, VisitPlan};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor;
 use crate::utils::{Endo, Visit};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
index 188787c93b8c0..f16ebfb0c792c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/mod.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use self::batch::BatchPlanRef;
-use self::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use self::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
 use self::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use self::utils::Distill;
 use super::property::{Distribution, FunctionalDependencySet, Order};
@@ -419,29 +419,31 @@ impl PlanTreeNode for PlanRef {
     }
 }
 
-impl StreamPlanRef for PlanRef {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-        &self.plan_base().dist
+impl PlanNodeMeta for PlanRef {
+    fn node_type(&self) -> PlanNodeType {
+        self.0.node_type()
     }
 
-    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.plan_base().append_only
+    fn plan_base(&self) -> &PlanBase {
+        self.0.plan_base()
     }
 
-    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.plan_base().emit_on_window_close
+    fn convention(&self) -> Convention {
+        self.0.convention()
     }
 }
 
-impl BatchPlanRef for PlanRef {
-    fn order(&self) -> &Order {
-        &self.plan_base().order
+/// Implement for every type that provides [`PlanBase`] through [`PlanNodeMeta`].
+impl<P> GenericPlanRef for P
+where
+    P: PlanNodeMeta + Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn id(&self) -> PlanNodeId {
+        self.plan_base().id()
     }
-}
 
-impl GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        &self.plan_base().schema
+        self.plan_base().schema()
     }
 
     fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
@@ -457,6 +459,47 @@ impl GenericPlanRef for PlanRef {
     }
 }
 
+/// Implement for every type that provides [`PlanBase`] through [`PlanNodeMeta`].
+// TODO: further constrain the convention to be `Stream` or `Batch`.
+impl<P> PhysicalPlanRef for P
+where
+    P: PlanNodeMeta + Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
+        self.plan_base().distribution()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implement for every type that provides [`PlanBase`] through [`PlanNodeMeta`].
+// TODO: further constrain the convention to be `Stream`.
+impl<P> StreamPlanRef for P
+where
+    P: PlanNodeMeta + Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
+        self.plan_base().append_only()
+    }
+
+    fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
+        self.plan_base().emit_on_window_close()
+    }
+
+    fn watermark_columns(&self) -> &FixedBitSet {
+        self.plan_base().watermark_columns()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implement for every type that provides [`PlanBase`] through [`PlanNodeMeta`].
+// TODO: further constrain the convention to be `Batch`.
+impl<P> BatchPlanRef for P
+where
+    P: PlanNodeMeta + Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn order(&self) -> &Order {
+        self.plan_base().order()
+    }
+}
+
 /// In order to let expression display id started from 1 for explaining, hidden column names and
 /// other places. We will reset expression display id to 0 and clone the whole plan to reset the
 /// schema.
@@ -512,15 +555,15 @@ pub(crate) fn pretty_config() -> PrettyConfig {
 
 impl dyn PlanNode {
     pub fn id(&self) -> PlanNodeId {
-        self.plan_base().id
+        self.plan_base().id()
     }
 
     pub fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-        self.plan_base().ctx.clone()
+        self.plan_base().ctx().clone()
     }
 
     pub fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        &self.plan_base().schema
+        self.plan_base().schema()
     }
 
     pub fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
@@ -528,27 +571,28 @@ impl dyn PlanNode {
     }
 
     pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
-        &self.plan_base().order
+        self.plan_base().order()
     }
 
+    // TODO: avoid no manual delegation
     pub fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-        &self.plan_base().dist
+        self.plan_base().distribution()
     }
 
     pub fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.plan_base().append_only
+        self.plan_base().append_only()
     }
 
     pub fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.plan_base().emit_on_window_close
+        self.plan_base().emit_on_window_close()
     }
 
     pub fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet {
-        &self.plan_base().functional_dependency
+        self.plan_base().functional_dependency()
     }
 
     pub fn watermark_columns(&self) -> &FixedBitSet {
-        &self.plan_base().watermark_columns
+        self.plan_base().watermark_columns()
     }
 
     /// Serialize the plan node and its children to a stream plan proto.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
index e9a5bf26885bf..51b1aa5f41141 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/plan_base.rs
@@ -14,47 +14,132 @@
 
 use educe::Educe;
 use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
-use paste::paste;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 
 use super::generic::GenericPlanNode;
 use super::*;
-use crate::for_all_plan_nodes;
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, FunctionalDependencySet, Order};
 
-/// the common fields of all nodes, please make a field named `base` in
-/// every planNode and correctly value it when construct the planNode.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Educe)]
-#[educe(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct PlanBase {
-    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
-    #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
-    pub id: PlanNodeId,
-    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore))]
-    #[educe(Hash(ignore))]
-    pub ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
-    pub schema: Schema,
-    /// the pk indices of the PlanNode's output, a empty stream key vec means there is no stream key
-    pub stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
-    /// The order property of the PlanNode's output, store an `&Order::any()` here will not affect
-    /// correctness, but insert unnecessary sort in plan
-    pub order: Order,
+/// Common extra fields for physical plan nodes.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+struct PhysicalCommonExtra {
     /// The distribution property of the PlanNode's output, store an `Distribution::any()` here
     /// will not affect correctness, but insert unnecessary exchange in plan
-    pub dist: Distribution,
+    dist: Distribution,
+}
+
+/// Extra fields for stream plan nodes.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+struct StreamExtra {
+    /// Common fields for physical plan nodes.
+    physical: PhysicalCommonExtra,
+
     /// The append-only property of the PlanNode's output is a stream-only property. Append-only
     /// means the stream contains only insert operation.
-    pub append_only: bool,
+    append_only: bool,
     /// Whether the output is emitted on window close.
-    pub emit_on_window_close: bool,
-    pub functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
+    emit_on_window_close: bool,
     /// The watermark column indices of the PlanNode's output. There could be watermark output from
     /// this stream operator.
-    pub watermark_columns: FixedBitSet,
+    watermark_columns: FixedBitSet,
+}
+
+/// Extra fields for batch plan nodes.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+struct BatchExtra {
+    /// Common fields for physical plan nodes.
+    physical: PhysicalCommonExtra,
+
+    /// The order property of the PlanNode's output, store an `&Order::any()` here will not affect
+    /// correctness, but insert unnecessary sort in plan
+    order: Order,
+}
+
+/// Extra fields for physical plan nodes.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+enum PhysicalExtra {
+    Stream(StreamExtra),
+    Batch(BatchExtra),
+}
+
+impl PhysicalExtra {
+    fn common(&self) -> &PhysicalCommonExtra {
+        match self {
+            PhysicalExtra::Stream(stream) => &stream.physical,
+            PhysicalExtra::Batch(batch) => &batch.physical,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn common_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PhysicalCommonExtra {
+        match self {
+            PhysicalExtra::Stream(stream) => &mut stream.physical,
+            PhysicalExtra::Batch(batch) => &mut batch.physical,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn stream(&self) -> &StreamExtra {
+        match self {
+            PhysicalExtra::Stream(extra) => extra,
+            _ => panic!("access stream properties from batch plan node"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn batch(&self) -> &BatchExtra {
+        match self {
+            PhysicalExtra::Batch(extra) => extra,
+            _ => panic!("access batch properties from stream plan node"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// the common fields of all nodes, please make a field named `base` in
+/// every planNode and correctly value it when construct the planNode.
+///
+/// All fields are intentionally made private and immutable, as they should
+/// normally be the same as the given [`GenericPlanNode`] when constructing.
+///
+/// - To access them, use traits including [`GenericPlanRef`],
+///   [`PhysicalPlanRef`], [`StreamPlanRef`] and [`BatchPlanRef`].
+/// - To mutate them, use methods like `new_*` or `clone_with_*`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Educe)]
+#[educe(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct PlanBase {
+    // -- common fields --
+    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore), Hash(ignore))]
+    id: PlanNodeId,
+    #[educe(PartialEq(ignore), Hash(ignore))]
+    ctx: OptimizerContextRef,
+
+    schema: Schema,
+    /// the pk indices of the PlanNode's output, a empty stream key vec means there is no stream key
+    // TODO: this is actually a logical and stream only property
+    stream_key: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
+
+    /// Extra fields if the plan node is physical.
+    physical_extra: Option<PhysicalExtra>,
+}
+
+impl PlanBase {
+    fn physical_extra(&self) -> &PhysicalExtra {
+        self.physical_extra
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("access physical properties from logical plan node")
+    }
+
+    fn physical_extra_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PhysicalExtra {
+        self.physical_extra
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("access physical properties from logical plan node")
+    }
 }
 
 impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
+    fn id(&self) -> PlanNodeId {
+        self.id
+    }
+
     fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
         &self.schema
     }
@@ -72,23 +157,29 @@ impl generic::GenericPlanRef for PlanBase {
     }
 }
 
-impl stream::StreamPlanRef for PlanBase {
+impl generic::PhysicalPlanRef for PlanBase {
     fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-        &self.dist
+        &self.physical_extra().common().dist
     }
+}
 
+impl stream::StreamPlanRef for PlanBase {
     fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-        self.append_only
+        self.physical_extra().stream().append_only
     }
 
     fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-        self.emit_on_window_close
+        self.physical_extra().stream().emit_on_window_close
+    }
+
+    fn watermark_columns(&self) -> &FixedBitSet {
+        &self.physical_extra().stream().watermark_columns
     }
 }
 
 impl batch::BatchPlanRef for PlanBase {
     fn order(&self) -> &Order {
-        &self.order
+        &self.physical_extra().batch().order
     }
 }
 
@@ -100,47 +191,22 @@ impl PlanBase {
         functional_dependency: FunctionalDependencySet,
     ) -> Self {
         let id = ctx.next_plan_node_id();
-        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(schema.len());
         Self {
             id,
             ctx,
             schema,
             stream_key,
-            dist: Distribution::Single,
-            order: Order::any(),
-            // Logical plan node won't touch `append_only` field
-            append_only: true,
-            emit_on_window_close: false,
             functional_dependency,
-            watermark_columns,
+            physical_extra: None,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new_logical_with_core(node: &impl GenericPlanNode) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_logical_with_core(core: &impl GenericPlanNode) -> Self {
         Self::new_logical(
-            node.ctx(),
-            node.schema(),
-            node.stream_key(),
-            node.functional_dependency(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_stream_with_logical(
-        logical: &impl GenericPlanNode,
-        dist: Distribution,
-        append_only: bool,
-        emit_on_window_close: bool,
-        watermark_columns: FixedBitSet,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new_stream(
-            logical.ctx(),
-            logical.schema(),
-            logical.stream_key(),
-            logical.functional_dependency(),
-            dist,
-            append_only,
-            emit_on_window_close,
-            watermark_columns,
+            core.ctx(),
+            core.schema(),
+            core.stream_key(),
+            core.functional_dependency(),
         )
     }
 
@@ -160,22 +226,36 @@ impl PlanBase {
             id,
             ctx,
             schema,
-            dist,
-            order: Order::any(),
             stream_key,
-            append_only,
-            emit_on_window_close,
             functional_dependency,
-            watermark_columns,
+            physical_extra: Some(PhysicalExtra::Stream({
+                StreamExtra {
+                    physical: PhysicalCommonExtra { dist },
+                    append_only,
+                    emit_on_window_close,
+                    watermark_columns,
+                }
+            })),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new_batch_from_logical(
-        logical: &impl GenericPlanNode,
+    pub fn new_stream_with_core(
+        core: &impl GenericPlanNode,
         dist: Distribution,
-        order: Order,
+        append_only: bool,
+        emit_on_window_close: bool,
+        watermark_columns: FixedBitSet,
     ) -> Self {
-        Self::new_batch(logical.ctx(), logical.schema(), dist, order)
+        Self::new_stream(
+            core.ctx(),
+            core.schema(),
+            core.stream_key(),
+            core.functional_dependency(),
+            dist,
+            append_only,
+            emit_on_window_close,
+            watermark_columns,
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn new_batch(
@@ -186,75 +266,49 @@ impl PlanBase {
     ) -> Self {
         let id = ctx.next_plan_node_id();
         let functional_dependency = FunctionalDependencySet::new(schema.len());
-        let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(schema.len());
         Self {
             id,
             ctx,
             schema,
-            dist,
-            order,
             stream_key: None,
-            // Batch plan node won't touch `append_only` field
-            append_only: true,
-            emit_on_window_close: false, // TODO(rc): batch EOWC support?
             functional_dependency,
-            watermark_columns,
+            physical_extra: Some(PhysicalExtra::Batch({
+                BatchExtra {
+                    physical: PhysicalCommonExtra { dist },
+                    order,
+                }
+            })),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn derive_stream_plan_base(plan_node: &PlanRef) -> Self {
-        PlanBase::new_stream(
-            plan_node.ctx(),
-            plan_node.schema().clone(),
-            plan_node.stream_key().map(|v| v.to_vec()),
-            plan_node.functional_dependency().clone(),
-            plan_node.distribution().clone(),
-            plan_node.append_only(),
-            plan_node.emit_on_window_close(),
-            plan_node.watermark_columns().clone(),
-        )
+    pub fn new_batch_with_core(
+        core: &impl GenericPlanNode,
+        dist: Distribution,
+        order: Order,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new_batch(core.ctx(), core.schema(), dist, order)
     }
 
     pub fn clone_with_new_plan_id(&self) -> Self {
         let mut new = self.clone();
-        new.id = self.ctx.next_plan_node_id();
+        new.id = self.ctx().next_plan_node_id();
+        new
+    }
+
+    /// Clone the plan node with a new distribution.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the plan node is not physical.
+    pub fn clone_with_new_distribution(&self, dist: Distribution) -> Self {
+        let mut new = self.clone();
+        new.physical_extra_mut().common_mut().dist = dist;
         new
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! impl_base_delegate {
-    ($( { $convention:ident, $name:ident }),*) => {
-        $(paste! {
-            impl [<$convention $name>] {
-                pub fn id(&self) -> PlanNodeId {
-                    self.plan_base().id
-                }
-                 pub fn ctx(&self) -> OptimizerContextRef {
-                    self.plan_base().ctx()
-                }
-                pub fn schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-                    &self.plan_base().schema
-                }
-                pub fn stream_key(&self) -> Option<&[usize]> {
-                    self.plan_base().stream_key()
-                }
-                pub fn order(&self) -> &Order {
-                    &self.plan_base().order
-                }
-                pub fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution {
-                    &self.plan_base().dist
-                }
-                pub fn append_only(&self) -> bool {
-                    self.plan_base().append_only
-                }
-                pub fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool {
-                    self.plan_base().emit_on_window_close
-                }
-                pub fn functional_dependency(&self) -> &FunctionalDependencySet {
-                    &self.plan_base().functional_dependency
-                }
-            }
-        })*
+// Mutators for testing only.
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl PlanBase {
+    pub fn functional_dependency_mut(&mut self) -> &mut FunctionalDependencySet {
+        &mut self.functional_dependency
     }
 }
-for_all_plan_nodes! { impl_base_delegate }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
index 2edf997bf91fd..866c62c2413a5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream.rs
@@ -12,16 +12,20 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
-use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
+use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 
-/// A subtrait of [`GenericPlanRef`] for stream plans.
+use super::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
+
+/// A subtrait of [`PhysicalPlanRef`] for stream plans.
 ///
 /// Due to the lack of refactoring, all plan nodes currently implement this trait
 /// through [`super::PlanBase`]. One may still use this trait as a bound for
-/// expecting a stream plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`].
-pub trait StreamPlanRef: GenericPlanRef {
-    fn distribution(&self) -> &Distribution;
+/// accessing a stream plan, in contrast to [`GenericPlanRef`] or
+/// [`PhysicalPlanRef`].
+///
+/// [`GenericPlanRef`]: super::generic::GenericPlanRef
+pub trait StreamPlanRef: PhysicalPlanRef {
     fn append_only(&self) -> bool;
     fn emit_on_window_close(&self) -> bool;
+    fn watermark_columns(&self) -> &FixedBitSet;
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
index 6e96d0eab0e93..51b5e589e886e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dedup.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::DedupNode;
 
-use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanNode, GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
 use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{impl_distill_by_unit, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl StreamDedup {
         // A dedup operator must be append-only.
         assert!(input.append_only());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             true,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
index db9e6ac296bbf..bb18f9cffdf0f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_delta_join.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{ArrangementInfo, DeltaIndexJoinNode};
 
-use super::generic::{self};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter};
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl StreamDeltaJoin {
             core.i2o_col_mapping().rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns)
         };
         // TODO: derive from input
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             append_only,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl StreamDeltaJoin {
 
 impl Distill for StreamDeltaJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
index c9f969384c3a4..9b000974786e4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dml.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, INITIAL_TABLE_VERSION_ID};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dynamic_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dynamic_filter.rs
index e1ca18da937e9..a4b74f37208e7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ pub use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type as ExprType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::DynamicFilterNode;
 
-use super::generic::DynamicFilter;
+use super::generic::{DynamicFilter, GenericPlanRef};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, column_names_pretty, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl};
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ impl StreamDynamicFilter {
         let watermark_columns = core.watermark_columns(core.right().watermark_columns()[0]);
 
         // TODO: derive from input
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             core.left().distribution().clone(),
             false, /* we can have a new abstraction for append only and monotonically increasing
@@ -78,11 +79,11 @@ impl StreamDynamicFilter {
 
 impl Distill for StreamDynamicFilter {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let pred = self.core.pretty_field();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("predicate", pred));
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
         vec.push(("output", column_names_pretty(self.schema())));
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
index 9418af8e4a364..d8c5a9635ce59 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_eowc_over_window.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
-use super::generic::{self, PlanWindowFunction};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef, PlanWindowFunction};
 use super::utils::{impl_distill_by_unit, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl StreamEowcOverWindow {
         // ancient rows in some rarely updated partitions that are emitted at the end of time.
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             true,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
index 0fa1713bf4488..99e6c3c5161a1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_exchange.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use pretty_xmlish::{Pretty, XmlNode};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{DispatchStrategy, DispatcherType, ExchangeNode};
 
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, DistributionDisplay};
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ impl StreamExchange {
 impl Distill for StreamExchange {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let distribution_display = DistributionDisplay {
-            distribution: &self.base.dist,
+            distribution: self.base.distribution(),
             input_schema: self.input.schema(),
         };
         childless_record(
@@ -117,13 +119,13 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamExchange {
                 })
             } else {
                 Some(DispatchStrategy {
-                    r#type: match &self.base.dist {
+                    r#type: match &self.base.distribution() {
                         Distribution::HashShard(_) => DispatcherType::Hash,
                         Distribution::Single => DispatcherType::Simple,
                         Distribution::Broadcast => DispatcherType::Broadcast,
                         _ => panic!("Do not allow Any or AnyShard in serialization process"),
                     } as i32,
-                    dist_key_indices: match &self.base.dist {
+                    dist_key_indices: match &self.base.distribution() {
                         Distribution::HashShard(keys) => {
                             keys.iter().map(|num| *num as u32).collect()
                         }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
index e0f8852a19fb5..5959b8d6be4d2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_expand.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl StreamExpand {
                 .map(|idx| idx + input.schema().len()),
         );
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
index ff4d344607776..0f000e6b8c0db 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_filter.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl StreamFilter {
         let input = core.input.clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         // Filter executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
index 190c05c0a5ba1..95fd72e9f6aa0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_fs_fetch.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_unary! { StreamFsFetch }
 
 impl StreamFsFetch {
     pub fn new(input: PlanRef, source: generic::Source) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &source,
             Distribution::SomeShard,
             source.catalog.as_ref().map_or(true, |s| s.append_only),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
index 14711d353f9d8..3e8f3c00206c4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_group_topn.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
 use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
-use super::generic::{DistillUnit, TopNLimit};
+use super::generic::{DistillUnit, GenericPlanRef, TopNLimit};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{plan_node_name, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamGroupTopN {
             { "append_only", self.input().append_only() },
         );
         let mut node = self.core.distill_with_name(name);
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             node.fields.push(("output_watermarks".into(), ow));
         }
         node
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
index 25e1ac801f97c..55ab6b5906e59 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_agg.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_common::error::{ErrorCode, Result};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
-use super::generic::{self, PlanAggCall};
+use super::generic::{self, GenericPlanRef, PlanAggCall};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 use crate::utils::{ColIndexMapping, ColIndexMappingRewriteExt, IndexSet};
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
         }
 
         // Hash agg executor might change the append-only behavior of the stream.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             emit_on_window_close, // in EOWC mode, we produce append only output
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ impl StreamHashAgg {
 impl Distill for StreamHashAgg {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
         childless_record(
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamHashAgg {
                 })
                 .collect(),
             row_count_index: self.row_count_idx as u32,
-            emit_on_window_close: self.base.emit_on_window_close,
+            emit_on_window_close: self.base.emit_on_window_close(),
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
index 0075b1730b4eb..9d9c41425c4b1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hash_join.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{DeltaExpression, HashJoinNode, PbInequalityPair};
 
-use super::generic::Join;
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, Join};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{
     generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamDeltaJoin, StreamNode,
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ impl StreamHashJoin {
         };
 
         // TODO: derive from input
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             append_only,
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashJoin {
             { "interval", self.clean_left_state_conjunction_idx.is_some() && self.clean_right_state_conjunction_idx.is_some() },
             { "append_only", self.is_append_only },
         );
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(6);
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamHashJoin {
         if let Some(i) = self.clean_right_state_conjunction_idx {
             vec.push(("conditions_to_clean_right_state_table", get_cond(i)));
         }
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
index c68b1b307d470..e177be6942360 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_hop_window.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::HopWindowNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter};
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ impl StreamHopWindow {
         )
         .rewrite_bitset(&watermark_columns);
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ impl StreamHopWindow {
 impl Distill for StreamHopWindow {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
         childless_record("StreamHopWindow", vec)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index fb17537bc90e6..d8972436d5c78 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
 use super::derive::derive_columns;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{reorganize_elements_id, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::catalog::table_catalog::{CreateType, TableCatalog, TableType, TableVersion};
 use crate::catalog::FragmentId;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::derive::derive_pk;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{PlanBase, PlanNodeMeta};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Cardinality, Distribution, Order, RequiredDist};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
@@ -273,8 +275,8 @@ impl Distill for StreamMaterialize {
 
         vec.push(("pk_conflict", Pretty::from(pk_conflict_behavior)));
 
-        let watermark_columns = &self.base.watermark_columns;
-        if self.base.watermark_columns.count_ones(..) > 0 {
+        let watermark_columns = &self.base.watermark_columns();
+        if self.base.watermark_columns().count_ones(..) > 0 {
             let watermark_column_names = watermark_columns
                 .ones()
                 .map(|i| table.columns()[i].name_with_hidden().to_string())
@@ -294,16 +296,16 @@ impl PlanTreeNodeUnary for StreamMaterialize {
     fn clone_with_input(&self, input: PlanRef) -> Self {
         let new = Self::new(input, self.table().clone());
         new.base
-            .schema
+            .schema()
             .fields
             .iter()
-            .zip_eq_fast(self.base.schema.fields.iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(self.base.schema().fields.iter())
             .for_each(|(a, b)| {
                 assert_eq!(a.data_type, b.data_type);
                 assert_eq!(a.type_name, b.type_name);
                 assert_eq!(a.sub_fields, b.sub_fields);
             });
-        assert_eq!(new.plan_base().stream_key, self.plan_base().stream_key);
+        assert_eq!(new.plan_base().stream_key(), self.plan_base().stream_key());
         new
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
index 9eb0a0e0f143e..91ebc344fa51d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_now.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::NowNode;
 
-use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
-use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, LogicalNow, PlanBase, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::column_names_pretty;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ impl StreamNow {
 
 impl Distill for StreamNow {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let vec = if self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose() {
+        let vec = if self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose() {
             vec![("output", column_names_pretty(self.schema()))]
         } else {
             vec![]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
index 0d749f0c7b0e6..5a2f9d98f1340 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_over_window.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use super::generic::{GenericPlanNode, PlanWindowFunction};
 use super::utils::{impl_distill_by_unit, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 use crate::TableCatalog;
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ impl StreamOverWindow {
         let input = &core.input;
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             input.distribution().clone(),
             false, // general over window cannot be append-only
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamOverWindow {
             .to_internal_table_prost();
         let cache_policy = self
             .base
-            .ctx
+            .ctx()
             .session_ctx()
             .config()
             .get_streaming_over_window_cache_policy();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
index 8a7665881e0cf..c0ff0d1cf2f43 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ProjectNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{try_derive_watermark, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, WatermarkDerivation};
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamProject {
         let schema = self.schema();
         let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty(schema);
         if let Some(display_output_watermarks) =
-            watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, schema)
+            watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), schema)
         {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", display_output_watermarks));
         }
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ impl StreamProject {
         }
         // Project executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream, so it depends on
         // input's `append_only`.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
index cadd600f3c3b7..ba09d79c96c60 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_project_set.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl StreamProjectSet {
 
         // ProjectSet executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream, so it depends on
         // input's `append_only`.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             distribution,
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
index 8b406005f40a6..3acf0b132805e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_share.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::PbStreamNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::Distill;
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamExchange, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalShare, PlanBase, PlanTreeNode};
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ impl StreamShare {
         let input = core.input.borrow().0.clone();
         let dist = input.distribution().clone();
         // Filter executor won't change the append-only behavior of the stream.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             input.append_only(),
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamShare {
 
 impl StreamShare {
     pub fn adhoc_to_stream_prost(&self, state: &mut BuildFragmentGraphState) -> PbStreamNode {
-        let operator_id = self.base.id.0 as u32;
+        let operator_id = self.base.id().0 as u32;
 
         match state.get_share_stream_node(operator_id) {
             None => {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
index 59311dd22226c..92d96fdf21b08 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_simple_agg.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ use super::generic::{self, PlanAggCall};
 use super::utils::{childless_record, plan_node_name, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::Distribution;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ impl StreamSimpleAgg {
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(core.output_len());
 
         // Simple agg executor might change the append-only behavior of the stream.
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
         StreamSimpleAgg {
             base,
             core,
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSimpleAgg {
                 .collect(),
             distribution_key: self
                 .base
-                .dist
+                .distribution()
                 .dist_column_indices()
                 .iter()
                 .map(|idx| *idx as u32)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
index a51380d630331..32e9fb487910c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sink.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use tracing::info;
 
 use super::derive::{derive_columns, derive_pk};
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill, IndicesDisplay, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, StreamNode};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::PlanTreeNodeUnary;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ pub struct StreamSink {
 impl StreamSink {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(input: PlanRef, sink_desc: SinkDesc) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::derive_stream_plan_base(&input);
+        let base = input.plan_base().clone_with_new_plan_id();
         Self {
             base,
             input,
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamSink {
                     .iter()
                     .map(|k| k.column_index)
                     .collect_vec(),
-                schema: &self.base.schema,
+                schema: self.base.schema(),
             };
             vec.push(("pk", pk.distill()));
         }
@@ -409,7 +410,7 @@ impl StreamNode for StreamSink {
         PbNodeBody::Sink(SinkNode {
             sink_desc: Some(self.sink_desc.to_proto()),
             table: Some(table.to_internal_table_prost()),
-            log_store_type: match self.base.ctx.session_ctx().config().get_sink_decouple() {
+            log_store_type: match self.base.ctx().session_ctx().config().get_sink_decouple() {
                 SinkDecouple::Default => {
                     let enable_sink_decouple =
                         match_sink_name_str!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
index b82d71068d817..41a56a0fd5df2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_sort.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::FieldDisplay;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
+use super::generic::{GenericPlanRef, PhysicalPlanRef};
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ impl StreamEowcSort {
         tbl_builder.add_order_column(self.sort_column_index, OrderType::ascending());
         order_cols.insert(self.sort_column_index);
 
-        let dist_key = self.base.dist.dist_column_indices().to_vec();
+        let dist_key = self.base.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
         for idx in &dist_key {
             if !order_cols.contains(idx) {
                 tbl_builder.add_order_column(*idx, OrderType::ascending());
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
index 377e2704776bb..ae66cf568118b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_source.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct StreamSource {
 
 impl StreamSource {
     pub fn new(core: generic::Source) -> Self {
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             Distribution::SomeShard,
             core.catalog.as_ref().map_or(true, |s| s.append_only),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
index 0af7ebded94d9..474582ec877c7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_stateless_simple_agg.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use super::generic::{self, PlanAggCall};
 use super::utils::impl_distill_by_unit;
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::ExprRewriter;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::property::RequiredDist;
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ impl StreamStatelessSimpleAgg {
             }
         }
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             input_dist.clone(),
             input.append_only(),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
index 907a41db28525..965ca217a3369 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_table_scan.rs
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::{ChainType, PbStreamNode};
 
+use super::generic::PhysicalPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanNodeId, PlanRef, StreamNode};
 use crate::catalog::ColumnId;
 use crate::expr::{ExprRewriter, FunctionCall};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::utils::{IndicesDisplay, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use crate::optimizer::property::{Distribution, DistributionDisplay};
 use crate::stream_fragmenter::BuildFragmentGraphState;
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
                 None => Distribution::SomeShard,
             }
         };
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             distribution,
             core.table_desc.append_only,
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ impl_plan_tree_node_for_leaf! { StreamTableScan }
 
 impl Distill for StreamTableScan {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(4);
         vec.push(("table", Pretty::from(self.core.table_name.clone())));
         vec.push(("columns", self.core.columns_pretty(verbose)));
@@ -200,12 +202,12 @@ impl Distill for StreamTableScan {
         if verbose {
             let pk = IndicesDisplay {
                 indices: self.stream_key().unwrap_or_default(),
-                schema: &self.base.schema,
+                schema: self.base.schema(),
             };
             vec.push(("pk", pk.distill()));
             let dist = Pretty::display(&DistributionDisplay {
                 distribution: self.distribution(),
-                input_schema: &self.base.schema,
+                input_schema: self.base.schema(),
             });
             vec.push(("dist", dist));
         }
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ impl StreamTableScan {
                 ..Default::default()
             })),
             stream_key,
-            operator_id: self.base.id.0 as u64,
+            operator_id: self.base.id().0 as u64,
             identity: {
                 let s = self.distill_to_string();
                 s.replace("StreamTableScan", "Chain")
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
index 2191ca322342d..675dbeb9ab381 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_temporal_join.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::TemporalJoinNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeBinary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprRewriter};
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ impl StreamTemporalJoin {
                 .rewrite_bitset(core.left.watermark_columns()),
         );
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             true,
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ impl StreamTemporalJoin {
 
 impl Distill for StreamTemporalJoin {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
-        let verbose = self.base.ctx.is_explain_verbose();
+        let verbose = self.base.ctx().is_explain_verbose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(if verbose { 3 } else { 2 });
         vec.push(("type", Pretty::debug(&self.core.join_type)));
 
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamTemporalJoin {
             }),
         ));
 
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
index e7a880fa7d757..87890625f6be7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_topn.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl StreamTopN {
         };
         let watermark_columns = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(input.schema().len());
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(&core, dist, false, false, watermark_columns);
         StreamTopN { base, core }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
index 8f6353d6be44c..6d6dca2d8dd02 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_union.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ use pretty_xmlish::XmlNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::UnionNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill};
 use super::{generic, ExprRewritable, PlanRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanNode;
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ impl StreamUnion {
             |acc_watermark_columns, input| acc_watermark_columns.bitand(input.watermark_columns()),
         );
 
-        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_logical(
+        let base = PlanBase::new_stream_with_core(
             &core,
             dist,
             inputs.iter().all(|x| x.append_only()),
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ impl StreamUnion {
 impl Distill for StreamUnion {
     fn distill<'a>(&self) -> XmlNode<'a> {
         let mut vec = self.core.fields_pretty();
-        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, self.schema()) {
+        if let Some(ow) = watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), self.schema()) {
             vec.push(("output_watermarks", ow));
         }
         childless_record("StreamUnion", vec)
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
index fb0b844411f63..f8cc5db851159 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_values.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::NodeBody as ProstStreamNode;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::values_node::ExprTuple;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::ValuesNode;
 
+use super::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, Distill};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, LogicalValues, PlanBase, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
index ed5a946603ee4..066bc9a234ca5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_watermark_filter.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
 use risingwave_pb::catalog::WatermarkDesc;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::stream_node::PbNodeBody;
 
+use super::stream::StreamPlanRef;
 use super::utils::{childless_record, watermark_pretty, Distill, TableCatalogBuilder};
 use super::{ExprRewritable, PlanBase, PlanRef, PlanTreeNodeUnary, StreamNode};
 use crate::expr::{ExprDisplay, ExprImpl};
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ impl Distill for StreamWatermarkFilter {
             })
             .collect();
         let display_output_watermarks =
-            watermark_pretty(&self.base.watermark_columns, input_schema).unwrap();
+            watermark_pretty(self.base.watermark_columns(), input_schema).unwrap();
         let fields = vec![
             ("watermark_descs", Pretty::Array(display_watermark_descs)),
             ("output_watermarks", display_output_watermarks),
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/plan_cloner.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/plan_cloner.rs
index f30f3d9fa4966..7e53b903ac962 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/plan_cloner.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/plan_cloner.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalShare, PlanNodeId, PlanTreeNode, StreamShare};
 use crate::optimizer::PlanRewriter;
 use crate::PlanRef;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
index 9ab0d4d580ddc..5b9efb9fc7c94 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_rewriter/share_source_rewriter.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use crate::catalog::SourceId;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     LogicalShare, LogicalSource, PlanNodeId, PlanTreeNode, StreamShare,
 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
index 7d538392f9361..7950b5d81a49c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_visitor/share_parent_counter.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use super::{DefaultBehavior, DefaultValue};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalShare, PlanNodeId, PlanTreeNodeUnary};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor::PlanVisitor;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
index 4fcaf959eac87..b6e7715dd155f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
@@ -295,10 +295,12 @@ impl RequiredDist {
 
     pub fn enforce_if_not_satisfies(
         &self,
-        plan: PlanRef,
+        mut plan: PlanRef,
         required_order: &Order,
     ) -> Result<PlanRef> {
-        let plan = required_order.enforce_if_not_satisfies(plan)?;
+        if let Convention::Batch = plan.convention() {
+            plan = required_order.enforce_if_not_satisfies(plan)?;
+        }
         if !plan.distribution().satisfies(self) {
             Ok(self.enforce(plan, required_order))
         } else {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/order.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/order.rs
index a70bffb13a8ba..19ad7586e1c11 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/order.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/order.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Order {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn enforce(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> PlanRef {
+    fn enforce(&self, plan: PlanRef) -> PlanRef {
         assert_eq!(plan.convention(), Convention::Batch);
         BatchSort::new(plan, self.clone()).into()
     }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/always_false_filter_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/always_false_filter_rule.rs
index 02165232372e4..eeba7d9f3be3b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/always_false_filter_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/always_false_filter_rule.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
 
 use super::Rule;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalFilter, LogicalValues};
 use crate::PlanRef;
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
index 66579248a76f9..7ac121692c81d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/apply_join_transpose_rule.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use crate::expr::{
     CorrelatedId, CorrelatedInputRef, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, ExprType, FunctionCall,
     InputRef,
 };
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalApply, LogicalFilter, LogicalJoin, PlanTreeNodeBinary};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor::{ExprCorrelatedIdFinder, PlanCorrelatedIdFinder};
 use crate::optimizer::rule::apply_offset_rewriter::ApplyCorrelatedIndicesConverter;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/expand_to_project_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/expand_to_project_rule.rs
index 1ed1da0037aba..01a39042efd98 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/expand_to_project_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/expand_to_project_rule.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl Rule for ExpandToProjectRule {
         let column_subset = column_subsets.get(0).unwrap();
 
         // if `column_subsets` len equals 1, convert it into a project
-        let mut exprs = Vec::with_capacity(expand.base.schema.len());
+        let mut exprs = Vec::with_capacity(expand.base.schema().len());
         // Add original input column first
         for i in 0..input.schema().len() {
             exprs.push(ExprImpl::InputRef(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
index 9103d1bc906bc..323cc59ef3558 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/index_selection_rule.rs
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ use crate::expr::{
     FunctionCall, InputRef,
 };
 use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContextRef;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     generic, ColumnPruningContext, LogicalJoin, LogicalScan, LogicalUnion, PlanTreeNode,
     PlanTreeNodeBinary, PredicatePushdown, PredicatePushdownContext,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/left_deep_tree_join_ordering_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/left_deep_tree_join_ordering_rule.rs
index dcbb6f7b015ee..bd2db0ac67cca 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/left_deep_tree_join_ordering_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/left_deep_tree_join_ordering_rule.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::expr::{ExprImpl, FunctionCall, InputRef};
     use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContext;
+    use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
     use crate::utils::Condition;
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/merge_multijoin_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/merge_multijoin_rule.rs
index c496a906400ae..8682db8491a1d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/merge_multijoin_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/merge_multijoin_rule.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::expr::{ExprImpl, FunctionCall, InputRef};
     use crate::optimizer::optimizer_context::OptimizerContext;
+    use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
     use crate::utils::Condition;
 
     #[tokio::test]
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
index ea8386bc227f8..c32ae40531cd0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/min_max_on_index_rule.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{ExprImpl, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::Agg;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::{Agg, GenericPlanRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     LogicalAgg, LogicalFilter, LogicalScan, LogicalTopN, PlanAggCall, PlanTreeNodeUnary,
 };
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
index dfb6963c7fb4f..93637d3ba8193 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/over_window_to_topn_rule.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_expr::window_function::WindowFuncKind;
 
 use super::Rule;
 use crate::expr::{collect_input_refs, ExprImpl, ExprType};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalFilter, LogicalTopN, PlanTreeNodeUnary};
 use crate::optimizer::property::Order;
 use crate::planner::LIMIT_ALL_COUNT;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/pull_up_correlated_predicate_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/pull_up_correlated_predicate_rule.rs
index dc5f9c2bc9aba..f34146ba80050 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/pull_up_correlated_predicate_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/pull_up_correlated_predicate_rule.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::column_index_mapping::ColIndexMapping;
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{CorrelatedId, CorrelatedInputRef, Expr, ExprImpl, ExprRewriter, InputRef};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor::{PlanCorrelatedIdFinder, PlanVisitor};
 use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
 use crate::utils::Condition;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
index 5a6f1187fdd02..f85ffc2318459 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/table_function_to_project_set_rule.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
 use crate::expr::{Expr, ExprImpl, ExprType, FunctionCall, InputRef};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{
     LogicalProject, LogicalProjectSet, LogicalTableFunction, LogicalValues, PlanTreeNodeUnary,
 };
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ impl Rule for TableFunctionToProjectSetRule {
         let logical_values = LogicalValues::create(
             vec![vec![]],
             Schema::new(vec![]),
-            logical_table_function.base.ctx.clone(),
+            logical_table_function.base.ctx().clone(),
         );
         let logical_project_set = LogicalProjectSet::create(logical_values, vec![table_function]);
         // We need a project to align schema type because
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/trivial_project_to_values_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/trivial_project_to_values_rule.rs
index 9759739490fe6..a13bef3baa9d9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/trivial_project_to_values_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/trivial_project_to_values_rule.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalValues, PlanTreeNodeUnary};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_visitor::{LogicalCardinalityExt, SideEffectVisitor};
 use crate::optimizer::{PlanRef, PlanVisitor};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_input_values_merge_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_input_values_merge_rule.rs
index 8119b8847b600..7b83c017ab781 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_input_values_merge_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_input_values_merge_rule.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::GenericPlanRef;
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::LogicalValues;
 use crate::optimizer::{PlanRef, PlanTreeNode};
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
index 2a12f6b712e0d..f1d203fba1350 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/union_to_distinct_rule.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use super::{BoxedRule, Rule};
-use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::Agg;
+use crate::optimizer::plan_node::generic::{Agg, GenericPlanRef};
 use crate::optimizer::plan_node::{LogicalUnion, PlanTreeNode};
 use crate::optimizer::PlanRef;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl Rule for UnionToDistinctRule {
         let union: &LogicalUnion = plan.as_logical_union()?;
         if !union.all() {
             let union_all = LogicalUnion::create(true, union.inputs().into_iter().collect());
-            let distinct = Agg::new(vec![], (0..union.base.schema.len()).collect(), union_all)
+            let distinct = Agg::new(vec![], (0..union.base.schema().len()).collect(), union_all)
                 .with_enable_two_phase(false);
             Some(distinct.into())
         } else {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
index 4e16bc6cd0b21..cb20103b3e76f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/plan_fragmenter.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl Serialize for ExecutionPlanNode {
 impl From<PlanRef> for ExecutionPlanNode {
     fn from(plan_node: PlanRef) -> Self {
         Self {
-            plan_node_id: plan_node.plan_base().id,
+            plan_node_id: plan_node.plan_base().id(),
             plan_node_type: plan_node.node_type(),
             node: plan_node.to_batch_prost_body(),
             children: vec![],

From 04151c24fc7b22fc04e9898c28b6473219bed9bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yingjun Wu <yingjunwu@risingwave-labs.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 23:37:45 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 418/430] chore: beautify readme. (#13019)

Co-authored-by: hengm3467 <100685635+hengm3467@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 README.md | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 05f8ed8e3fb75..29a7d7e51888a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -80,22 +80,35 @@ Learn more at [Quick Start](https://docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/get-started
 
 ## Why RisingWave for stream processing?
 RisingWave adaptly tackles some of the most challenging problems in stream processing. Compared to existing stream processing systems, RisingWave shines through with the following key features:
-* **Easy to learn:** RisingWave speaks PostgreSQL-style SQL, enabling users to dive into stream processing in much the same way as operating a PostgreSQL database.
-* **Highly efficient in multi-stream joins:** RisingWave has made significant optimizations for multiple stream join scenarios. Users can easily join 10-20 streams (or more) efficiently in a production environment.
-* **High resource utilization:** Queries within RisingWave benefit from shared computational resources, obviating the need for users to manually allocate resources for individual queries.
-* **No compromise on large state management:** The decoupled compute-storage architecture of RisingWave ensures remote persistence of internal states, and users never need to worry about the size of internal states when handling complex queries.
-* **Transparent dynamic scaling:** RisingWave supports near-instantaneous dynamic scaling without any service interruptions.
-* **Instant failure recovery:** RisingWave's state management mechanism allows it to recover from failure in seconds, not minutes or hours.
-* **Easy to verify correctness:** RisingWave persists results in materialized views and allow users to break down complex stream computation programs into stacked materialized views, simplifying program development and result verification.
-* **Simplified data stack:** RisingWave's ability to store data and serve queries eliminates the need for separate maintenance of stream processors and databases. Users can effortlessly link RisingWave to their preferred BI tools or through client libraries.
-* **Simple to maintain and operate:** RisingWave abstracts away unnecessary low-level details, allowing users to concentrate solely on SQL code-level issues.
-* **Rich ecosystem:** With integrations to a diverse range of cloud systems and the PostgreSQL ecosystem, RisingWave boasts a rich and expansive ecosystem.
+* **Easy to learn**
+  * RisingWave speaks PostgreSQL-style SQL, enabling users to dive into stream processing in much the same way as operating a PostgreSQL database.
+* **Highly efficient in multi-stream joins**
+  * RisingWave has made significant optimizations for multiple stream join scenarios. Users can easily join 10-20 streams (or more) efficiently in a production environment.
+* **High resource utilization**
+  * Queries in RisingWave leverage shared computational resources, eliminating the need for users to manually allocate resources for each query.
+* **No compromise on large state management**
+  * The decoupled compute-storage architecture of RisingWave ensures remote persistence of internal states, and users never need to worry about the size of internal states when handling complex queries.
+* **Transparent dynamic scaling**
+  * RisingWave supports near-instantaneous dynamic scaling without any service interruptions.
+* **Instant failure recovery**
+  * RisingWave's state management mechanism allows it to recover from failure in seconds, not minutes or hours.
+* **Easy to verify correctness**
+  * RisingWave persists results in materialized views and allow users to break down complex stream computation programs into stacked materialized views, simplifying program development and result verification.
+* **Simplified data stack**
+  * RisingWave's ability to store data and serve queries eliminates the need for separate maintenance of stream processors and databases. Users can effortlessly connect RisingWave to their preferred BI tools or through client libraries.
+* **Simple to maintain and operate**
+  * RisingWave abstracts away unnecessary low-level details, allowing users to concentrate solely on SQL code-level issues.
+* **Rich ecosystem**
+  * With integrations to a diverse range of cloud systems and the PostgreSQL ecosystem, RisingWave boasts a rich and expansive ecosystem.
 
 ## RisingWave's limitations
 RisingWave isn’t a panacea for all data engineering hurdles. It has its own set of limitations:
-* **No programmable interfaces:** RisingWave does not provide low-level APIs in languages like Java and Scala, and does not allow users to manage internal states manually (unless you want to hack!). For coding in Java, Scala, and other languages, please consider using RisingWave's User-Defined Functions (UDF).
-* **No support for transaction processing:** RisingWave isn’t cut out for transactional workloads, thus it’s not a viable substitute for operational databases dedicated to transaction processing. However, it supports read-only transactions, ensuring data freshness and consistency. It also comprehends the transactional semantics of upstream database Change Data Capture (CDC).
-* **Not tailored for ad-hoc analytical queries:** RisingWave's row store design is tailored for optimal stream processing performance rather than interactive analytical workloads. Hence, it's not a suitable replacement for OLAP databases. Yet, a reliable integration with many OLAP databases exists, and a collaborative use of RisingWave and OLAP databases is a common practice among many users.
+* **No programmable interfaces**
+  * RisingWave does not provide low-level APIs in languages like Java and Scala, and does not allow users to manage internal states manually (unless you want to hack!). For coding in Java, Scala, and other languages, please consider using RisingWave's User-Defined Functions (UDF).
+* **No support for transaction processing**
+  * RisingWave isn’t cut out for transactional workloads, thus it’s not a viable substitute for operational databases dedicated to transaction processing. However, it supports read-only transactions, ensuring data freshness and consistency. It also comprehends the transactional semantics of upstream database Change Data Capture (CDC).
+* **Not tailored for ad-hoc analytical queries**
+  * RisingWave's row store design is tailored for optimal stream processing performance rather than interactive analytical workloads. Hence, it's not a suitable replacement for OLAP databases. Yet, a reliable integration with many OLAP databases exists, and a collaborative use of RisingWave and OLAP databases is a common practice among many users.
 
 
 ## RisingWave Cloud

From 6939da61d9669f19d6b1193cc5eb53780b41a4b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 15:21:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 419/430] fix(ci): upload microbench only when it runs (#12988)

---
 ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh       |  2 ++
 ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh b/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
index 568c90de425ca..371cc416e7ac5 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/run-micro-benchmarks.sh
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ main() {
   echo "--- Getting aws instance type"
   local instance_type=$(get_instance_type)
   echo "instance_type: $instance_type"
+  echo "$instance_type" > microbench_instance_type.txt
+  buildkite-agent artifact upload ./microbench_instance_type.txt
   if [[ $instance_type != "m6i.4xlarge" ]]; then
     echo "Only m6i.4xlarge is supported, skipping microbenchmark"
     exit 0
diff --git a/ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh b/ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh
index 2644ca936c5da..e72b69950bb7b 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/upload-micro-bench-results.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,19 @@ get_commit() {
   | sed 's/\"//g'
 }
 
+get_machine() {
+  buildkite-agent artifact download microbench_instance_type.txt ./
+  cat ./microbench_instance_type.txt
+}
+
+echo "--- Checking microbench_instance_type"
+INSTANCE_TYPE=$(get_machine)
+echo "instance type: $INSTANCE_TYPE"
+if [[ $INSTANCE_TYPE != "m6i.4xlarge" ]]; then
+  echo "Only m6i.4xlarge is supported, microbenchmark was skipped"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
 setup
 
 BUILDKITE_BUILD_URL="https://buildkite.com/risingwavelabs/main-cron/builds/$BUILDKITE_BUILD_NUMBER"

From 23b33460e2df0d4efa22c1574bede5dcf82cf16a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 16:36:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 420/430] chore(deps): Bump comfy-table from 7.0.1 to 7.1.0
 (#13013)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock | 19 ++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b7e9b6c45ec06..bbc112fa4bb5b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1825,13 +1825,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "comfy-table"
-version = "7.0.1"
+version = "7.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ab77dbd8adecaf3f0db40581631b995f312a8a5ae3aa9993188bb8f23d83a5b"
+checksum = "7c64043d6c7b7a4c58e39e7efccfdea7b93d885a795d0c054a69dbbf4dd52686"
 dependencies = [
- "crossterm 0.26.1",
- "strum 0.24.1",
- "strum_macros 0.24.3",
+ "crossterm 0.27.0",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
+ "strum_macros 0.25.2",
  "unicode-width",
 ]
 
@@ -2140,17 +2140,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossterm"
-version = "0.26.1"
+version = "0.27.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a84cda67535339806297f1b331d6dd6320470d2a0fe65381e79ee9e156dd3d13"
+checksum = "f476fe445d41c9e991fd07515a6f463074b782242ccf4a5b7b1d1012e70824df"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "bitflags 2.4.0",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "libc",
- "mio",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "signal-hook",
- "signal-hook-mio",
  "winapi",
 ]
 

From fcad5e1f127c13229acb7e1ef3c4fcbf8b3e69e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Noel Kwan <47273164+kwannoel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 16:57:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 421/430] fix(stream): clean dirty tables for barrier recovery
 (#12990)

---
 ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh     |  1 +
 src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs                   |  7 ++--
 src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs              |  9 ++----
 src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs           | 32 +++++++++++--------
 .../recovery/background_ddl.rs                |  3 ++
 5 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh b/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
index 6514fe1f7c0c3..c5f89a2bbc7e0 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/deterministic-recovery-test.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ chmod +x ./risingwave_simulation
 
 export RUST_LOG="info,\
 risingwave_meta::barrier::recovery=debug,\
+risingwave_meta::manager::catalog=debug,\
 risingwave_meta::rpc::ddl_controller=debug,\
 risingwave_meta::barrier::mod=debug,\
 risingwave_simulation=debug"
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
index ed6ad289a5a68..d39dde51399d8 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/mod.rs
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
             let paused = self.take_pause_on_bootstrap().await.unwrap_or(false);
             let paused_reason = paused.then_some(PausedReason::Manual);
 
-            self.recovery(prev_epoch, paused_reason, true)
+            self.recovery(prev_epoch, paused_reason)
                 .instrument(span)
                 .await
         };
@@ -981,10 +981,7 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
 
             // No need to clean dirty tables for barrier recovery,
             // The foreground stream job should cleanup their own tables.
-            *state = self
-                .recovery(prev_epoch, None, false)
-                .instrument(span)
-                .await;
+            *state = self.recovery(prev_epoch, None).instrument(span).await;
             self.set_status(BarrierManagerStatus::Running).await;
         } else {
             panic!("failed to execute barrier: {:?}", err);
diff --git a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
index 21197a8df98d4..3e319f0e69a52 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/barrier/recovery.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,6 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
         &self,
         prev_epoch: TracedEpoch,
         paused_reason: Option<PausedReason>,
-        bootstrap_recovery: bool,
     ) -> BarrierManagerState {
         // Mark blocked and abort buffered schedules, they might be dirty already.
         self.scheduled_barriers
@@ -227,11 +226,9 @@ impl GlobalBarrierManager {
             .await;
 
         tracing::info!("recovery start!");
-        if bootstrap_recovery {
-            self.clean_dirty_tables()
-                .await
-                .expect("clean dirty tables should not fail");
-        }
+        self.clean_dirty_tables()
+            .await
+            .expect("clean dirty tables should not fail");
         self.clean_dirty_fragments()
             .await
             .expect("clean dirty fragments");
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
index bcac32922d180..f988646428aac 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -853,14 +853,18 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         database_core.clear_creating_stream_jobs();
         let user_core = &mut core.user;
         for table in &tables_to_clean {
-            // Recovered when init database manager.
-            for relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
-                database_core.decrease_ref_count(*relation_id);
+            // If table type is internal, no need to update the ref count OR
+            // user ref count.
+            if table.table_type != TableType::Internal as i32 {
+                // Recovered when init database manager.
+                for relation_id in &table.dependent_relations {
+                    database_core.decrease_ref_count(*relation_id);
+                }
+                // Recovered when init user manager.
+                tracing::debug!("decrease ref for {}", table.id);
+                user_core.decrease_ref(table.owner);
             }
-            // Recovered when init user manager.
-            user_core.decrease_ref(table.owner);
         }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -919,10 +923,11 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             let database_core = &mut core.database;
             let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
             let Some(table) = tables.get(&table_id).cloned() else {
-                bail!(
-                    "table_id {} missing when attempting to cancel job",
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "table_id {} missing when attempting to cancel job, could be cleaned on recovery",
                     table_id
-                )
+                );
+                return Ok(());
             };
             table
         };
@@ -938,7 +943,8 @@ impl CatalogManager {
             let tables = &mut database_core.tables;
             let mut tables = BTreeMapTransaction::new(tables);
             for table_id in table_ids {
-                tables.remove(table_id);
+                let res = tables.remove(table_id);
+                assert!(res.is_some());
             }
             commit_meta!(self, tables)?;
         }
@@ -2032,8 +2038,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         let user_core = &mut core.user;
         let key = (index.database_id, index.schema_id, index.name.clone());
         assert!(
-            !database_core.indexes.contains_key(&index.id)
-                && database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&key),
+            !database_core.indexes.contains_key(&index.id),
             "index must be in creating procedure"
         );
 
@@ -2188,8 +2193,7 @@ impl CatalogManager {
         let user_core = &mut core.user;
         let key = (sink.database_id, sink.schema_id, sink.name.clone());
         assert!(
-            !database_core.sinks.contains_key(&sink.id)
-                && database_core.has_in_progress_creation(&key),
+            !database_core.sinks.contains_key(&sink.id),
             "sink must be in creating procedure"
         );
 
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs
index 1fd5c90e59e4b..89df82d4c21a0 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/recovery/background_ddl.rs
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ async fn test_background_mv_barrier_recovery() -> Result<()> {
         .run("create materialized view m1 as select * from t1;")
         .await?;
 
+    // If the CN is killed before first barrier pass for the MV, the MV will be dropped.
+    // This is because it's table fragments will NOT be committed until first barrier pass.
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
     kill_cn_and_wait_recover(&cluster).await;
 
     // Send some upstream updates.

From 88a8331028674fa98b4584751bc7937c18e26ab3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 17:09:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 422/430] refactor(expr): type-safe infallible evaluation
 (#12921)

Signed-off-by: Bugen Zhao <i@bugenzhao.com>
---
 src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs  |   2 +-
 src/batch/src/executor/project_set.rs         |   2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs               |  21 ++--
 src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs                 | 106 ++++++++++++------
 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs     |   2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs         |   7 +-
 src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs  |  14 ++-
 src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs              |   4 +-
 .../src/table_function/generate_series.rs     |   2 +-
 src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs      |   3 +-
 src/stream/clippy.toml                        |   4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs    |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs     |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs             |   8 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          |  20 ++--
 src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs         |  21 ++--
 src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs  |   2 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs                |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project.rs            |  11 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs        |   7 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs      |   6 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs         |  10 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/values.rs             |  17 +--
 src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs   |  11 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs        |   9 +-
 src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs    |   4 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs     |  11 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/project_set.rs    |   8 +-
 28 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
index 2db2320ed3534..9cfbeabffe417 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/aggregation/filter.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl AggregateFunction for Filter {
 mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{build_append_only, AggCall};
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_pretty, Expression, LiteralExpression};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_from_pretty, ExpressionBoxExt, LiteralExpression};
 
     use super::*;
 
diff --git a/src/batch/src/executor/project_set.rs b/src/batch/src/executor/project_set.rs
index 670933a6bb50c..fa3dfac917e8a 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/executor/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/executor/project_set.rs
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::*;
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::{Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{ExpressionBoxExt, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
     use risingwave_expr::table_function::repeat;
 
     use super::*;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
index 1ea03bd36f42a..7dffbcd42d66b 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/build.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,13 @@ use super::expr_in::InExpression;
 use super::expr_some_all::SomeAllExpression;
 use super::expr_udf::UdfExpression;
 use super::expr_vnode::VnodeExpression;
-use super::wrapper::{Checked, EvalErrorReport, NonStrict};
-use crate::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression};
+use super::wrapper::checked::Checked;
+use super::wrapper::non_strict::NonStrict;
+use super::wrapper::EvalErrorReport;
+use super::NonStrictExpression;
+use crate::expr::{
+    BoxedExpression, Expression, ExpressionBoxExt, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+};
 use crate::sig::FUNCTION_REGISTRY;
 use crate::{bail, ExprError, Result};
 
@@ -41,8 +46,10 @@ pub fn build_from_prost(prost: &ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
 pub fn build_non_strict_from_prost(
     prost: &ExprNode,
     error_report: impl EvalErrorReport + 'static,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-    ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report).build(prost)
+) -> Result<NonStrictExpression> {
+    ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report)
+        .build(prost)
+        .map(NonStrictExpression)
 }
 
 /// Build an expression from protobuf with possibly some wrappers attached to each node.
@@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ impl<E: Build + 'static> BuildBoxed for E {
         prost: &ExprNode,
         build_child: impl Fn(&ExprNode) -> Result<BoxedExpression>,
     ) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
-        Self::build(prost, build_child).map(Expression::boxed)
+        Self::build(prost, build_child).map(ExpressionBoxExt::boxed)
     }
 }
 
@@ -217,9 +224,9 @@ pub fn build_func_non_strict(
     ret_type: DataType,
     children: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
     error_report: impl EvalErrorReport + 'static,
-) -> Result<BoxedExpression> {
+) -> Result<NonStrictExpression> {
     let expr = build_func(func, ret_type, children)?;
-    let wrapped = ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report).wrap(expr);
+    let wrapped = NonStrictExpression(ExprBuilder::new_non_strict(error_report).wrap(expr));
 
     Ok(wrapped)
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
index 37e0104371a3e..48a46f640bf7b 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub use self::build::*;
 pub use self::expr_input_ref::InputRefExpression;
 pub use self::expr_literal::LiteralExpression;
 pub use self::value::{ValueImpl, ValueRef};
-pub use self::wrapper::EvalErrorReport;
+pub use self::wrapper::*;
 pub use super::{ExprError, Result};
 
 /// Interface of an expression.
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ pub use super::{ExprError, Result};
 /// should be implemented. Prefer calling and implementing `eval_v2` instead of `eval` if possible,
 /// to gain the performance benefit of scalar expression.
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
+#[auto_impl::auto_impl(&, Box)]
 pub trait Expression: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     /// Get the return data type.
     fn return_type(&self) -> DataType;
@@ -101,23 +102,77 @@ pub trait Expression: std::fmt::Debug + Sync + Send {
     fn eval_const(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
         Err(ExprError::NotConstant)
     }
+}
 
+/// An owned dynamically typed [`Expression`].
+pub type BoxedExpression = Box<dyn Expression>;
+
+/// Extension trait for boxing expressions.
+///
+/// This is not directly made into [`Expression`] trait because...
+/// - an expression does not have to be `'static`,
+/// - and for the ease of `auto_impl`.
+#[easy_ext::ext(ExpressionBoxExt)]
+impl<E: Expression + 'static> E {
     /// Wrap the expression in a Box.
-    fn boxed(self) -> BoxedExpression
-    where
-        Self: Sized + Send + 'static,
-    {
+    pub fn boxed(self) -> BoxedExpression {
         Box::new(self)
     }
 }
 
-// TODO: make this an extension, or implement it on a `NonStrict` newtype.
-impl dyn Expression {
+/// An type-safe wrapper that indicates the inner expression can be evaluated in a non-strict
+/// manner, i.e., developers can directly call `eval_infallible` and `eval_row_infallible` without
+/// checking the result.
+///
+/// This is usually created by non-strict build functions like [`crate::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost`]
+/// and [`crate::expr::build_func_non_strict`]. It can also be created directly by
+/// [`NonStrictExpression::new_topmost`], where only the evaluation of the topmost level expression
+/// node is non-strict and should be treated as a TODO.
+///
+/// Compared to [`crate::expr::wrapper::non_strict::NonStrict`], this is more like an indicator
+/// applied on the root of an expression tree, while the latter is a wrapper that can be applied on
+/// each node of the tree and actually changes the behavior. As a result, [`NonStrictExpression`]
+/// does not implement [`Expression`] trait and instead deals directly with developers.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NonStrictExpression<E = BoxedExpression>(E);
+
+impl<E> NonStrictExpression<E>
+where
+    E: Expression,
+{
+    /// Create a non-strict expression directly wrapping the given expression.
+    ///
+    /// Should only be used in tests as evaluation may panic.
+    pub fn for_test(inner: E) -> NonStrictExpression
+    where
+        E: 'static,
+    {
+        NonStrictExpression(inner.boxed())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a non-strict expression from the given expression, where only the evaluation of the
+    /// topmost level expression node is non-strict (which is subtly different from
+    /// [`crate::expr::build_non_strict_from_prost`] where every node is non-strict).
+    ///
+    /// This should be used as a TODO.
+    pub fn new_topmost(
+        inner: E,
+        error_report: impl EvalErrorReport,
+    ) -> NonStrictExpression<impl Expression> {
+        let inner = wrapper::non_strict::NonStrict::new(inner, error_report);
+        NonStrictExpression(inner)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the return data type.
+    pub fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
+        self.0.return_type()
+    }
+
     /// Evaluate the expression in vectorized execution and assert it succeeds. Returns an array.
     ///
     /// Use with expressions built in non-strict mode.
     pub async fn eval_infallible(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> ArrayRef {
-        self.eval(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
+        self.0.eval(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
     }
 
     /// Evaluate the expression in row-based execution and assert it succeeds. Returns a nullable
@@ -125,38 +180,17 @@ impl dyn Expression {
     ///
     /// Use with expressions built in non-strict mode.
     pub async fn eval_row_infallible(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Datum {
-        self.eval_row(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
-    }
-}
-
-/// An owned dynamically typed [`Expression`].
-pub type BoxedExpression = Box<dyn Expression>;
-
-// TODO: avoid the overhead of extra boxing.
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Expression for BoxedExpression {
-    fn return_type(&self) -> DataType {
-        (**self).return_type()
+        self.0.eval_row(input).await.expect("evaluation failed")
     }
 
-    async fn eval(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-        (**self).eval(input).await
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_v2(&self, input: &DataChunk) -> Result<ValueImpl> {
-        (**self).eval_v2(input).await
-    }
-
-    async fn eval_row(&self, input: &OwnedRow) -> Result<Datum> {
-        (**self).eval_row(input).await
-    }
-
-    fn eval_const(&self) -> Result<Datum> {
-        (**self).eval_const()
+    /// Unwrap the inner expression.
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> E {
+        self.0
     }
 
-    fn boxed(self) -> BoxedExpression {
-        self
+    /// Get a reference to the inner expression.
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &E {
+        &self.0
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
index 1e049ad481010..b3b1375c4fa82 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/checked.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::expr::{Expression, ValueImpl};
 
 /// A wrapper of [`Expression`] that does extra checks after evaluation.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Checked<E>(pub E);
+pub(crate) struct Checked<E>(pub E);
 
 // TODO: avoid the overhead of extra boxing.
 #[async_trait]
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
index 48241d05de45c..16988a050ad8d 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/mod.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-mod checked;
-mod non_strict;
+pub(crate) mod checked;
+pub(crate) mod non_strict;
 
-pub use checked::Checked;
-pub use non_strict::{EvalErrorReport, NonStrict};
+pub use non_strict::{EvalErrorReport, LogReport};
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs
index 0859cea27aa49..782456023cdf7 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/expr/wrapper/non_strict.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::expr::{Expression, ValueImpl};
 use crate::ExprError;
 
 /// Report an error during evaluation.
-#[auto_impl(Arc)]
+#[auto_impl(&, Arc)]
 pub trait EvalErrorReport: Clone + Send + Sync {
     /// Perform the error reporting.
     ///
@@ -42,11 +42,21 @@ impl EvalErrorReport for ! {
     }
 }
 
+/// Log the error to report an error during evaluation.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct LogReport;
+
+impl EvalErrorReport for LogReport {
+    fn report(&self, error: ExprError) {
+        tracing::error!(%error, "failed to evaluate expression");
+    }
+}
+
 /// A wrapper of [`Expression`] that evaluates in a non-strict way. Basically...
 /// - When an error occurs during chunk-level evaluation, recompute in row-based execution and pad
 ///   with NULL for each failed row.
 /// - Report all error occurred during row-level evaluation to the [`EvalErrorReport`].
-pub struct NonStrict<E, R> {
+pub(crate) struct NonStrict<E, R> {
     inner: E,
     report: R,
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
index 889cc43fe6b18..c173c76c330c5 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/scalar/cast.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use risingwave_common::cast;
 use risingwave_common::row::OwnedRow;
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Int256, IntoOrdered, JsonbRef, ToText, F64};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_func, Context, Expression, InputRefExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{
+    build_func, Context, Expression, ExpressionBoxExt, InputRefExpression,
+};
 use risingwave_expr::{function, ExprError, Result};
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::PbType;
 
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
index 586fa60de02c2..dfa09b0e215b8 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/table_function/generate_series.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::DataChunk;
     use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Decimal, Interval, ScalarImpl, Timestamp};
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, Expression, LiteralExpression};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, ExpressionBoxExt, LiteralExpression};
     use risingwave_expr::table_function::build;
     use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
     use risingwave_pb::expr::table_function::PbType;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
index 5d56cdba2d96d..9048b90c23a53 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/row_serde/value_serde.rs
@@ -114,9 +114,10 @@ impl ValueRowSerdeNew for ColumnAwareSerde {
                     // It's okay since we previously banned impure expressions in default columns.
                     build_from_prost(&expr.expect("expr should not be none"))
                         .expect("build_from_prost error")
-                        .eval_row_infallible(&OwnedRow::empty())
+                        .eval_row(&OwnedRow::empty())
                         .now_or_never()
                         .expect("constant expression should not be async")
+                        .expect("eval_row failed")
                 };
                 Some((i, value))
             } else {
diff --git a/src/stream/clippy.toml b/src/stream/clippy.toml
index a6969d5bd607b..b7257c4acb98c 100644
--- a/src/stream/clippy.toml
+++ b/src/stream/clippy.toml
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ disallowed-methods = [
 
     { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_prost", reason = "Expressions in streaming must be in non-strict mode. Please use `build_non_strict_from_prost` instead." },
     { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::build_func", reason = "Expressions in streaming must be in non-strict mode. Please use `build_func_non_strict` instead." },
-    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval", reason = "Please use `Expression::eval_infallible` instead." },
-    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval_row", reason = "Please use `Expression::eval_row_infallible` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval", reason = "Please use `NonStrictExpression::eval_infallible` instead." },
+    { path = "risingwave_expr::expr::Expression::eval_row", reason = "Please use `NonStrictExpression::eval_row_infallible` instead." },
 
     { path = "risingwave_common::error::internal_err", reason = "Please use per-crate error type instead." },
     { path = "risingwave_common::error::internal_error", reason = "Please use per-crate error type instead." },
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
index dd0ce9d01c544..9bb1113152962 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/aggregation/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::bail;
 use risingwave_common::buffer::Bitmap;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::{AggCall, AggKind};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{LogReport, NonStrictExpression};
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
 use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
@@ -74,7 +75,12 @@ pub async fn agg_call_filter_res(
     }
 
     if let Some(ref filter) = agg_call.filter {
-        if let Bool(filter_res) = filter.eval_infallible(chunk).await.as_ref() {
+        // TODO: should we build `filter` in non-strict mode?
+        if let Bool(filter_res) = NonStrictExpression::new_topmost(&**filter, LogReport)
+            .eval_infallible(chunk)
+            .await
+            .as_ref()
+        {
             vis &= filter_res.to_bitmap();
         } else {
             bail!("Filter can only receive bool array");
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
index e8eb4da545f2e..ccb55b75c24fc 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/dynamic_filter.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use risingwave_common::row::{self, once, OwnedRow, OwnedRow as RowData, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl, ToDatumRef, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{
-    build_func_non_strict, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+    build_func_non_strict, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression, NonStrictExpression,
 };
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type as ExprNodeType;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type::{
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
     async fn apply_batch(
         &mut self,
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
-        condition: Option<BoxedExpression>,
+        condition: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
     ) -> Result<(Vec<Op>, Bitmap), StreamExecutorError> {
         let mut new_ops = Vec::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
         let mut new_visibility = BitmapBuilder::with_capacity(chunk.capacity());
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore, const USE_WATERMARK_CACHE: bool> DynamicFilterExecutor<S, US
         let dynamic_cond = {
             let eval_error_report = ActorEvalErrorReport {
                 actor_context: self.ctx.clone(),
-                identity: self.identity.as_str().into(),
+                identity: Arc::from(self.identity.as_str()),
             };
             move |literal: Datum| {
                 literal.map(|scalar| {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
index ef593f8734284..1a1e645e44e6d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/filter.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{Array, ArrayImpl, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::buffer::BitmapBuilder;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ pub struct FilterExecutor {
 
     /// Expression of the current filter, note that the filter must always have the same output for
     /// the same input.
-    expr: BoxedExpression,
+    expr: NonStrictExpression,
 }
 
 impl FilterExecutor {
     pub fn new(
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
-        expr: BoxedExpression,
+        expr: NonStrictExpression,
         executor_id: u64,
     ) -> Self {
         let input_info = input.info();
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
 
+    use super::super::test_utils::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use super::super::test_utils::MockSource;
     use super::super::*;
     use super::*;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index 7aed840679c82..4178012cb9d9e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DefaultOrd, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::epoch::EpochPair;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ pub struct HashJoinExecutor<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitiv
     /// The parameters of the right join executor
     side_r: JoinSide<K, S>,
     /// Optional non-equi join conditions
-    cond: Option<BoxedExpression>,
+    cond: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
     /// Column indices of watermark output and offset expression of each inequality, respectively.
-    inequality_pairs: Vec<(Vec<usize>, Option<BoxedExpression>)>,
+    inequality_pairs: Vec<(Vec<usize>, Option<NonStrictExpression>)>,
     /// The output watermark of each inequality condition and its value is the minimum of the
     /// calculation result of both side. It will be used to generate watermark into downstream
     /// and do state cleaning if `clean_state` field of that inequality is `true`.
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ struct EqJoinArgs<'a, K: HashKey, S: StateStore> {
     side_l: &'a mut JoinSide<K, S>,
     side_r: &'a mut JoinSide<K, S>,
     actual_output_data_types: &'a [DataType],
-    cond: &'a mut Option<BoxedExpression>,
+    cond: &'a mut Option<NonStrictExpression>,
     inequality_watermarks: &'a [Option<Watermark>],
     chunk: StreamChunk,
     append_only_optimize: bool,
@@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
         pk_indices: PkIndices,
         output_indices: Vec<usize>,
         executor_id: u64,
-        cond: Option<BoxedExpression>,
-        inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<BoxedExpression>)>,
+        cond: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
+        inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<NonStrictExpression>)>,
         op_info: String,
         state_table_l: StateTable<S>,
         degree_state_table_l: StateTable<S>,
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> HashJoinExecutor<K,
                 // allow since we will handle error manually.
                 #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
                 let eval_result = delta_expression
-                    .eval_row(&OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(input_watermark.val)]))
+                    .inner().eval_row(&OwnedRow::new(vec![Some(input_watermark.val)]))
                     .await;
                 match eval_result {
                     Ok(value) => input_watermark.val = value.unwrap(),
@@ -1275,11 +1275,11 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::hash::{Key128, Key64};
     use risingwave_common::types::ScalarImpl;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
+    use crate::executor::test_utils::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::{MessageSender, MockSource, StreamExecutorTestExt};
     use crate::executor::{ActorContext, Barrier, EpochPair};
 
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ mod tests {
         (state_table, degree_state_table)
     }
 
-    fn create_cond(condition_text: Option<String>) -> BoxedExpression {
+    fn create_cond(condition_text: Option<String>) -> NonStrictExpression {
         build_from_pretty(
             condition_text
                 .as_deref()
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ mod tests {
         with_condition: bool,
         null_safe: bool,
         condition_text: Option<String>,
-        inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<BoxedExpression>)>,
+        inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<NonStrictExpression>)>,
     ) -> (MessageSender, MessageSender, BoxedMessageStream) {
         let schema = Schema {
             fields: vec![
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
index c6fffcd94896d..42d13d790da88 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hop_window.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use futures_async_stream::try_stream;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Op};
 use risingwave_common::types::Interval;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 use risingwave_expr::ExprError;
 
 use super::error::StreamExecutorError;
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ pub struct HopWindowExecutor {
     pub time_col_idx: usize,
     pub window_slide: Interval,
     pub window_size: Interval,
-    window_start_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-    window_end_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    window_start_exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
+    window_end_exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
     pub output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     chunk_size: usize,
 }
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ impl HopWindowExecutor {
         time_col_idx: usize,
         window_slide: Interval,
         window_size: Interval,
-        window_start_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
-        window_end_exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+        window_start_exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
+        window_end_exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
         output_indices: Vec<usize>,
         chunk_size: usize,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Interval};
     use risingwave_expr::expr::test_utils::make_hop_window_expression;
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 
     use crate::executor::test_utils::MockSource;
     use crate::executor::{ActorContext, Executor, ExecutorInfo, StreamChunk};
@@ -302,8 +303,14 @@ mod tests {
             2,
             window_slide,
             window_size,
-            window_start_exprs,
-            window_end_exprs,
+            window_start_exprs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(NonStrictExpression::for_test)
+                .collect(),
+            window_end_exprs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(NonStrictExpression::for_test)
+                .collect(),
             output_indices,
             CHUNK_SIZE,
         )
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
index a9c219a25641f..cd505093294f1 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/integration_tests.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ async fn test_merger_sum_aggr() {
         vec![],
         vec![
             // TODO: use the new streaming_if_null expression here, and add `None` tests
-            Box::new(InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int64, 1)),
+            NonStrictExpression::for_test(InputRefExpression::new(DataType::Int64, 1)),
         ],
         3,
         MultiMap::new(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
index 99b090e21a240..c28d6ec8564d9 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/mod.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use risingwave_common::util::epoch::{Epoch, EpochPair};
 use risingwave_common::util::tracing::TracingContext;
 use risingwave_common::util::value_encoding::{DatumFromProtoExt, DatumToProtoExt};
 use risingwave_connector::source::SplitImpl;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{Expression, NonStrictExpression};
 use risingwave_pb::data::PbEpoch;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::PbInputRef;
 use risingwave_pb::stream_plan::barrier::{BarrierKind, PbMutation};
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ impl Watermark {
 
     pub async fn transform_with_expr(
         self,
-        expr: &BoxedExpression,
+        expr: &NonStrictExpression<impl Expression>,
         new_col_idx: usize,
     ) -> Option<Self> {
         let Self { col_idx, val, .. } = self;
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ impl Watermark {
             OwnedRow::new(row)
         };
         let val = expr.eval_row_infallible(&row).await?;
-        Some(Self::new(new_col_idx, expr.return_type(), val))
+        Some(Self::new(new_col_idx, expr.inner().return_type(), val))
     }
 
     /// Transform the watermark with the given output indices. If this watermark is not in the
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
index 56a31bde901b9..8cfebfecd3f33 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::row::{Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::ToOwnedDatum;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ struct Inner {
     info: ExecutorInfo,
 
     /// Expressions of the current projection.
-    exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+    exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
     /// All the watermark derivations, (input_column_index, output_column_index). And the
     /// derivation expression is the project's expression itself.
     watermark_derivations: MultiMap<usize, usize>,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl ProjectExecutor {
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
         input: Box<dyn Executor>,
         pk_indices: PkIndices,
-        exprs: Vec<BoxedExpression>,
+        exprs: Vec<NonStrictExpression>,
         executor_id: u64,
         watermark_derivations: MultiMap<usize, usize>,
         nondecreasing_expr_indices: Vec<usize>,
@@ -233,11 +233,12 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, StreamChunk};
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum};
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::{self, build_from_pretty, Expression, ValueImpl};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{self, Expression, ValueImpl};
 
     use super::super::test_utils::MockSource;
     use super::super::*;
     use super::*;
+    use crate::executor::test_utils::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::StreamExecutorTestExt;
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let a_expr = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 1:int8)");
         let b_expr = build_from_pretty("(subtract:int8 $0:int8 1:int8)");
-        let c_expr = DummyNondecreasingExpr.boxed();
+        let c_expr = NonStrictExpression::for_test(DummyNondecreasingExpr);
 
         let project = Box::new(ProjectExecutor::new(
             ActorContext::create(123),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
index 6867e3d55bfde..ff3214db88eaa 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/project_set.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
 use risingwave_common::row::{Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, Datum, DatumRef, ToOwnedDatum};
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{LogReport, NonStrictExpression};
 use risingwave_expr::table_function::ProjectSetSelectItem;
 
 use super::error::StreamExecutorError;
@@ -260,7 +261,11 @@ impl Inner {
                 ProjectSetSelectItem::Expr(expr) => {
                     watermark
                         .clone()
-                        .transform_with_expr(expr, expr_idx + PROJ_ROW_ID_OFFSET)
+                        .transform_with_expr(
+                            // TODO: should we build `expr` in non-strict mode?
+                            &NonStrictExpression::new_topmost(expr, LogReport),
+                            expr_idx + PROJ_ROW_ID_OFFSET,
+                        )
                         .await
                 }
                 ProjectSetSelectItem::TableFunction(_) => {
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
index 3c8cde63c4ca9..82c1e56649672 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/temporal_join.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, NullBitmap};
 use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row, RowExt};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockReadEpoch};
 use risingwave_storage::store::PrefetchOptions;
 use risingwave_storage::table::batch_table::storage_table::StorageTable;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub struct TemporalJoinExecutor<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrim
     left_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
     right_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
     null_safe: Vec<bool>,
-    condition: Option<BoxedExpression>,
+    condition: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
     schema: Schema,
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore, const T: JoinTypePrimitive> TemporalJoinExecutor
         left_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
         right_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
         null_safe: Vec<bool>,
-        condition: Option<BoxedExpression>,
+        condition: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
         pk_indices: PkIndices,
         output_indices: Vec<usize>,
         table_output_indices: Vec<usize>,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
index bb4864ac04ef8..13a9237cf0159 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/test_utils.rs
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     pub use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
     pub use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    pub use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
     pub use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
     pub use risingwave_storage::StateStore;
 
     pub use crate::common::table::state_table::StateTable;
+    pub use crate::executor::test_utils::expr::build_from_pretty;
     pub use crate::executor::test_utils::{MessageSender, MockSource, StreamExecutorTestExt};
     pub use crate::executor::{ActorContext, BoxedMessageStream, Executor, PkIndices};
 }
@@ -263,6 +263,14 @@ pub trait StreamExecutorTestExt: MessageStream + Unpin {
 // FIXME: implement on any `impl MessageStream` if the analyzer works well.
 impl StreamExecutorTestExt for BoxedMessageStream {}
 
+pub mod expr {
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
+
+    pub fn build_from_pretty(s: impl AsRef<str>) -> NonStrictExpression {
+        NonStrictExpression::for_test(risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty(s))
+    }
+}
+
 pub mod agg_executor {
     use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
     use std::sync::Arc;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
index 624b2531bf7bd..8c09b56aa3551 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/values.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use risingwave_common::array::{DataChunk, Op, StreamChunk};
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::ensure;
 use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqFast;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::BoxedExpression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
 
 use super::{
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct ValuesExecutor {
     barrier_receiver: UnboundedReceiver<Barrier>,
     progress: CreateMviewProgress,
 
-    rows: vec::IntoIter<Vec<BoxedExpression>>,
+    rows: vec::IntoIter<Vec<NonStrictExpression>>,
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
     identity: String,
     schema: Schema,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl ValuesExecutor {
     pub fn new(
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
         progress: CreateMviewProgress,
-        rows: Vec<Vec<BoxedExpression>>,
+        rows: Vec<Vec<NonStrictExpression>>,
         schema: Schema,
         barrier_receiver: UnboundedReceiver<Barrier>,
         executor_id: u64,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ mod tests {
     };
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
     use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, ScalarImpl, StructType};
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, LiteralExpression};
+    use risingwave_expr::expr::{BoxedExpression, LiteralExpression, NonStrictExpression};
     use tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel;
 
     use super::ValuesExecutor;
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ mod tests {
                     vec![],
                 ),
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Struct(value)),
-            )) as BoxedExpression,
+            )),
             Box::new(LiteralExpression::new(
                 DataType::Int64,
                 Some(ScalarImpl::Int64(0)),
-            )) as BoxedExpression,
+            )),
         ];
         let fields = exprs
             .iter() // for each column
@@ -215,7 +215,10 @@ mod tests {
         let values_executor_struct = ValuesExecutor::new(
             ActorContext::create(actor_id),
             progress,
-            vec![exprs],
+            vec![exprs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(NonStrictExpression::for_test)
+                .collect()],
             Schema { fields },
             barrier_receiver,
             10005,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
index ad332112ef269..5e5454cecff93 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/watermark_filter.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ use risingwave_common::row::{OwnedRow, Row};
 use risingwave_common::types::{DataType, DefaultOrd, ScalarImpl};
 use risingwave_common::{bail, row};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{
-    build_func_non_strict, BoxedExpression, Expression, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+    build_func_non_strict, ExpressionBoxExt, InputRefExpression, LiteralExpression,
+    NonStrictExpression,
 };
 use risingwave_expr::Result as ExprResult;
 use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ use crate::task::ActorEvalErrorReport;
 pub struct WatermarkFilterExecutor<S: StateStore> {
     input: BoxedExecutor,
     /// The expression used to calculate the watermark value.
-    watermark_expr: BoxedExpression,
+    watermark_expr: NonStrictExpression,
     /// The column we should generate watermark and filter on.
     event_time_col_idx: usize,
     ctx: ActorContextRef,
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ pub struct WatermarkFilterExecutor<S: StateStore> {
 impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
     pub fn new(
         input: BoxedExecutor,
-        watermark_expr: BoxedExpression,
+        watermark_expr: NonStrictExpression,
         event_time_col_idx: usize,
         ctx: ActorContextRef,
         table: StateTable<S>,
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ impl<S: StateStore> WatermarkFilterExecutor<S> {
         event_time_col_idx: usize,
         watermark: ScalarImpl,
         eval_error_report: ActorEvalErrorReport,
-    ) -> ExprResult<BoxedExpression> {
+    ) -> ExprResult<NonStrictExpression> {
         build_func_non_strict(
             Type::GreaterThanOrEqual,
             DataType::Boolean,
@@ -350,11 +351,11 @@ mod tests {
     use risingwave_common::test_prelude::StreamChunkTestExt;
     use risingwave_common::types::Date;
     use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-    use risingwave_expr::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use risingwave_storage::memory::MemoryStateStore;
     use risingwave_storage::table::Distribution;
 
     use super::*;
+    use crate::executor::test_utils::expr::build_from_pretty;
     use crate::executor::test_utils::{MessageSender, MockSource};
     use crate::executor::ActorContext;
 
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
index 44799af9405c2..87174282e517a 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/hash_join.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_expr::expr::{
-    build_func_non_strict, build_non_strict_from_prost, BoxedExpression, InputRefExpression,
+    build_func_non_strict, build_non_strict_from_prost, InputRefExpression, NonStrictExpression,
 };
 pub use risingwave_pb::expr::expr_node::Type as ExprType;
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::JoinType as JoinTypeProto;
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ impl ExecutorBuilder for HashJoinExecutorBuilder {
                             build_non_strict_from_prost(
                                 delta_expression.delta.as_ref().unwrap(),
                                 params.eval_error_report.clone(),
-                            )?,
+                            )?
+                            .into_inner(),
                         ],
                         params.eval_error_report.clone(),
                     )?)
@@ -175,8 +176,8 @@ struct HashJoinExecutorDispatcherArgs<S: StateStore> {
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     executor_id: u64,
-    cond: Option<BoxedExpression>,
-    inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<BoxedExpression>)>,
+    cond: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
+    inequality_pairs: Vec<(usize, usize, bool, Option<NonStrictExpression>)>,
     op_info: String,
     state_table_l: StateTable<S>,
     degree_state_table_l: StateTable<S>,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs b/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
index 8b7b3b6af1335..58699089e8c27 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/from_proto/temporal_join.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnDesc, TableId, TableOption};
 use risingwave_common::hash::{HashKey, HashKeyDispatcher};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
 use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::OrderType;
-use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_non_strict_from_prost, BoxedExpression};
+use risingwave_expr::expr::{build_non_strict_from_prost, NonStrictExpression};
 use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{JoinType as JoinTypeProto, StorageTableDesc};
 use risingwave_storage::table::batch_table::storage_table::StorageTable;
 use risingwave_storage::table::Distribution;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ struct TemporalJoinExecutorDispatcherArgs<S: StateStore> {
     left_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
     right_join_keys: Vec<usize>,
     null_safe: Vec<bool>,
-    condition: Option<BoxedExpression>,
+    condition: Option<NonStrictExpression>,
     pk_indices: PkIndices,
     output_indices: Vec<usize>,
     table_output_indices: Vec<usize>,
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
index 167857cc7d9fc..9d6d879240fc0 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hop_window.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use risingwave_common::types::test_utils::IntervalTestExt;
 use risingwave_common::types::{Interval, Timestamp};
 use risingwave_expr::expr::test_utils::make_hop_window_expression;
+use risingwave_expr::expr::NonStrictExpression;
 use risingwave_stream::executor::{ExecutorInfo, HopWindowExecutor};
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
@@ -55,8 +56,14 @@ fn create_executor(output_indices: Vec<usize>) -> (MessageSender, BoxedMessageSt
             TIME_COL_IDX,
             window_slide,
             window_size,
-            window_start_exprs,
-            window_end_exprs,
+            window_start_exprs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(NonStrictExpression::for_test)
+                .collect(),
+            window_end_exprs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(NonStrictExpression::for_test)
+                .collect(),
             output_indices,
             CHUNK_SIZE,
         )
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/project_set.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/project_set.rs
index bf1354c25b83b..61a879256108d 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/project_set.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/project_set.rs
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ fn create_executor() -> (MessageSender, BoxedMessageStream) {
     };
     let (tx, source) = MockSource::channel(schema, PkIndices::new());
 
-    let test_expr = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 $1:int8)");
-    let test_expr_watermark = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 1:int8)");
-    let tf1 = repeat(build_from_pretty("1:int4"), 1);
-    let tf2 = repeat(build_from_pretty("2:int4"), 2);
+    let test_expr = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 $1:int8)").into_inner();
+    let test_expr_watermark = build_from_pretty("(add:int8 $0:int8 1:int8)").into_inner();
+    let tf1 = repeat(build_from_pretty("1:int4").into_inner(), 1);
+    let tf2 = repeat(build_from_pretty("2:int4").into_inner(), 2);
 
     let project_set = Box::new(ProjectSetExecutor::new(
         ActorContext::create(123),

From 02282b9c3fdd52933fc8baf7032777c184577e57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lmatz <lmatz823@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 17:10:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 423/430] chore: upgrade the docker image version (#13020)

---
 docker/docker-compose.yml | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yml b/docker/docker-compose.yml
index 89aa99a1c8b5d..d25c94daf2670 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 version: "3"
 services:
   compactor-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.3.0}"
     command:
       - compactor-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   compute-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.3.0}"
     command:
       - compute-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   frontend-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.3.0}"
     command:
       - frontend-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   meta-node-0:
-    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}"
+    image: "ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.3.0}"
     command:
       - meta-node
       - "--listen-addr"
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ services:
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
   connector-node:
-    image: ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.2.0}
+    image: ghcr.io/risingwavelabs/risingwave:${RW_IMAGE_VERSION:-v1.3.0}
     entrypoint: "/risingwave/bin/connector-node/start-service.sh"
     ports:
       - 50051

From e64543f9e5a8b080ddf8d8717846ccd4c68dac80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 04:15:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 424/430] feat(agg): introduce an internal agg kind to avoid
 minput state table after #12349 (#12384)

Signed-off-by: Richard Chien <stdrc@outlook.com>
---
 proto/expr.proto                              |   1 +
 src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs            |  14 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs        |   9 +
 .../tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml            |  24 +--
 .../testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml     |   6 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/except.yaml         |  59 +++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml      |  59 +++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        | 179 +++++++++---------
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml       |  28 +--
 .../output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml      |   8 +-
 .../src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs    |   7 +-
 .../rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs        |   5 +-
 12 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 200 deletions(-)

diff --git a/proto/expr.proto b/proto/expr.proto
index 769532d8dbe19..2f252d67c8400 100644
--- a/proto/expr.proto
+++ b/proto/expr.proto
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@ message AggCall {
     MODE = 24;
     LAST_VALUE = 25;
     GROUPING = 26;
+    INTERNAL_LAST_SEEN_VALUE = 27;
   }
   Type type = 1;
   repeated InputRef args = 2;
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
index f71bfd454a415..964ec46c9f9c4 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/aggregate/def.rs
@@ -233,6 +233,9 @@ pub enum AggKind {
     PercentileDisc,
     Mode,
     Grouping,
+
+    /// Return last seen one of the input values.
+    InternalLastSeenValue,
 }
 
 impl AggKind {
@@ -264,6 +267,7 @@ impl AggKind {
             PbType::PercentileDisc => Ok(AggKind::PercentileDisc),
             PbType::Mode => Ok(AggKind::Mode),
             PbType::Grouping => Ok(AggKind::Grouping),
+            PbType::InternalLastSeenValue => Ok(AggKind::InternalLastSeenValue),
             PbType::Unspecified => bail!("Unrecognized agg."),
         }
     }
@@ -294,8 +298,9 @@ impl AggKind {
             Self::VarSamp => PbType::VarSamp,
             Self::PercentileCont => PbType::PercentileCont,
             Self::PercentileDisc => PbType::PercentileDisc,
-            Self::Grouping => PbType::Grouping,
             Self::Mode => PbType::Mode,
+            Self::Grouping => PbType::Grouping,
+            Self::InternalLastSeenValue => PbType::InternalLastSeenValue,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -422,6 +427,7 @@ pub mod agg_kinds {
                 | AggKind::BoolAnd
                 | AggKind::BoolOr
                 | AggKind::ApproxCountDistinct
+                | AggKind::InternalLastSeenValue
         };
     }
     pub use single_value_state;
@@ -450,7 +456,11 @@ impl AggKind {
     /// Get the total phase agg kind from the partial phase agg kind.
     pub fn partial_to_total(self) -> Option<Self> {
         match self {
-            AggKind::BitXor | AggKind::Min | AggKind::Max | AggKind::Sum => Some(self),
+            AggKind::BitXor
+            | AggKind::Min
+            | AggKind::Max
+            | AggKind::Sum
+            | AggKind::InternalLastSeenValue => Some(self),
             AggKind::Sum0 | AggKind::Count => Some(AggKind::Sum0),
             agg_kinds::simply_cannot_two_phase!() => None,
             agg_kinds::rewritten!() => None,
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
index de1331c524063..f47c94d45f24d 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/aggregate/general.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,15 @@ fn last_value<T>(_: T, input: T) -> T {
     input
 }
 
+#[aggregate("internal_last_seen_value(*) -> auto", state = "ref")]
+fn internal_last_seen_value<T>(state: T, input: T, retract: bool) -> T {
+    if retract {
+        state
+    } else {
+        input
+    }
+}
+
 /// Note the following corner cases:
 ///
 /// ```slt
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
index aefb4df98ef4e..baa77dc79c89b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/agg.yaml
@@ -1395,20 +1395,20 @@
         sq_1.col_2;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchProject { exprs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))))] }
-      └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))))] }
-        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))) }
-          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))] }
-            └─BatchSortAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))] }
+    └─BatchProject { exprs: [max(max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)))] }
+      └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)], aggs: [max(max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)))] }
+        └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)) }
+          └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)], aggs: [max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate))] }
+            └─BatchSortAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)] }
               └─BatchScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_commitdate], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
   stream_plan: |-
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col_0, first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))(hidden)], stream_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], pk_columns: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))), first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))], aggs: [max(max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)))), count] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), $expr1], aggs: [max(first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC))), count] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), Vnode(lineitem.l_orderkey) as $expr1] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [first_value(lineitem.l_commitdate order_by(lineitem.l_commitdate ASC)), count] }
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [col_0, internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)(hidden)], stream_key: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)], pk_columns: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate))), internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)], aggs: [max(max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate))), count] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)) }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate), $expr1], aggs: [max(internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate)), count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [lineitem.l_orderkey, internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate), Vnode(lineitem.l_orderkey) as $expr1] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [lineitem.l_orderkey], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(lineitem.l_commitdate), count] }
                 └─StreamTableScan { table: lineitem, columns: [lineitem.l_orderkey, lineitem.l_commitdate], pk: [lineitem.l_orderkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(lineitem.l_orderkey) }
 - name: two phase agg on hop window input should use two phase agg
   sql: |
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
index 236bc31b2503e..2d1b0951089e8 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/batch_index_join.yaml
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
     select t2.c, t2.d, count(distinct t.a) from t join t2 on t.a = t2.c group by t2.c, t2.d;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC))], aggs: [first_value(first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC)) order_by(first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC)) ASC)), count(t.a)] }
-      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC))) }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [first_value(t2.c order_by(t2.c ASC)), first_value(t2.d order_by(t2.d ASC))] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(t2.c)], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(internal_last_seen_value(t2.d)), count(t.a)] }
+      └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(internal_last_seen_value(t2.c)) }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t2.c), internal_last_seen_value(t2.d)] }
           └─BatchLookupJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.a = t2.c, output: [t2.c, t2.d, t.a] }
             └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.a) }
               └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.a], distribution: SomeShard }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
index 204a1814b8db7..1e27a7b74c0f0 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/except.yaml
@@ -108,20 +108,20 @@
     create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key(a));
     select * from t1 except select * from t2;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
     └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftAnti, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.a, t2.a) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.b, t2.b) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.c, t2.c), output: all }
       ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c] }
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
       └─BatchLookupJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
           └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
@@ -130,83 +130,70 @@
               └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
-            ├── intermediate state table: 2
-            ├── state tables: [ 0, 1 ]
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
+            ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-    ├── left table: 3
-    ├── right table: 5
-    ├── left degree table: 4
-    ├── right degree table: 6
+    ├── left table: 1
+    ├── right table: 3
+    ├── left degree table: 2
+    ├── right degree table: 4
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 7 }
+    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 5 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
-    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_c, t1_b ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-
-    Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, first_value(t1_b order_by(t1_b ASC)), first_value(t1_c order_by(t1_c ASC)), count ]
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, internal_last_seen_value(t1_b), internal_last_seen_value(t1_c), count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3
+    Table 1
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 4
+    Table 2
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 5
+    Table 3
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 6
+    Table 4
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 7
+    Table 5
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -214,7 +201,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 8
+    Table 6
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
index c203f1f953814..91839346824ec 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/intersect.yaml
@@ -108,20 +108,20 @@
     create table t2 (a int, b numeric, c bigint, primary key(a));
     select * from t1 intersect select * from t2;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+    LogicalAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
     └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftSemi, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.a, t2.a) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.b, t2.b) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t1.c, t2.c), output: all }
       ├─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c] }
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c] }
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
+    └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
       └─BatchLookupJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
         └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
           └─BatchScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
+      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c), count] }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
           └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1.b, t1.c) }
@@ -130,83 +130,70 @@
               └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC))] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [first_value(t1.b order_by(t1.b ASC)), first_value(t1.c order_by(t1.c ASC)), count] }
-            ├── intermediate state table: 2
-            ├── state tables: [ 0, 1 ]
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, b, c], stream_key: [a], pk_columns: [a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [t1.a, internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.a], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t1.b), internal_last_seen_value(t1.c), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 0
+            ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.a AND t1.b IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.b AND t1.c IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.c, output: all }
-    ├── left table: 3
-    ├── right table: 5
-    ├── left degree table: 4
-    ├── right degree table: 6
+    ├── left table: 1
+    ├── right table: 3
+    ├── left degree table: 2
+    ├── right degree table: 4
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
     └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 7 }
+    Chain { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.b, t1.c], pk: [t1.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.a) } { state table: 5 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
-    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: t2, columns: [t2.a, t2.b, t2.c], pk: [t2.a], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2.a) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-
-    Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_c, t1_b ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-
-    Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ t1_a, first_value(t1_b order_by(t1_b ASC)), first_value(t1_c order_by(t1_c ASC)), count ]
+    ├── columns: [ t1_a, internal_last_seen_value(t1_b), internal_last_seen_value(t1_c), count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 3
+    Table 1
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 4
+    Table 2
     ├── columns: [ t1_a, t1_b, t1_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 5
+    Table 3
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 6
+    Table 4
     ├── columns: [ t2_a, t2_b, t2_c, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
-    Table 7
+    Table 5
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t1_backfill_finished, t1_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -214,7 +201,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 8
+    Table 6
     ├── columns: [ vnode, a, t2_backfill_finished, t2_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index f4b9e28ce0775..2f23b0674fa84 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -834,9 +834,9 @@
       AND P.endtime = A.endtime;
   batch_plan: |-
     BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1] }
+    └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1] }
       ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
+      │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
       │   └─BatchProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
       │     └─BatchProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
       │       └─BatchScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
@@ -847,10 +847,10 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
-      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), count] }
+      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
+      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name), count] }
       │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
       │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
       │         └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
@@ -864,33 +864,33 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
         ├── left table: 0
         ├── right table: 2
         ├── left degree table: 1
         ├── right degree table: 3
         ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 7, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC))] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [first_value(person.name order_by(person.name ASC)), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [ 4 ], distinct tables: [] }
+    StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name), count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
-                └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 6 }
+                └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 5 }
                     ├── Upstream
                     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4, auction.id] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3, auction.id] }
-        └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
+        └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Table 0 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person_name order_by(person_name ASC)) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 0 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person_name) ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
     Table 1 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -898,17 +898,20 @@
 
     Table 3 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, person_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person_name), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ person_id, $expr1, $expr2, first_value(person_name order_by(person_name ASC)), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 5 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ vnode, id, person_backfill_finished, person_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
+    Table 6 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ auction_seller, $expr3, $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 7 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 8 { columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
-
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
   before:
@@ -2026,9 +2029,9 @@
         SELECT COUNT(*) / COUNT(DISTINCT auction) FROM bid
     )
   batch_plan: |-
-    BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+    BatchNestedLoopJoin { type: Inner, predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
     ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
-    │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+    │ └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
     │   └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
     │     ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
     │     │ └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -2043,9 +2046,9 @@
                 └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
-      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
-      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
+    └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
+      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
+      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), count] }
       │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
       │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
       │     │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -2063,50 +2066,50 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+    └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (count(bid.auction) >= $expr1), output: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
         ├── left table: 0
         ├── right table: 1
-        ├── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
-        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
-        │       ├── intermediate state table: 3
-        │       ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
+        ├── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
+        │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), count] }
+        │       ├── intermediate state table: 2
+        │       ├── state tables: []
         │       ├── distinct tables: []
         │       └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-        │           ├── left table: 4
-        │           ├── right table: 6
-        │           ├── left degree table: 5
-        │           ├── right degree table: 7
+        │           ├── left table: 3
+        │           ├── right table: 5
+        │           ├── left degree table: 4
+        │           ├── right degree table: 6
         │           ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
         │           └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
         └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 3
 
     Fragment 1
-    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 9 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [(sum0(sum0(count)) / sum0(count(bid.auction))) as $expr1] }
-    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid.auction)), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Single from 4
 
     Fragment 4
     StreamStatelessSimpleAgg { aggs: [sum0(count), count(bid.auction)] }
-    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 10, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 5
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 12 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 11 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction) ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, internal_last_seen_value(auction_item_name), count(bid_auction) ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
@@ -2115,28 +2118,36 @@
     Table 1 { columns: [ $expr1 ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid__row_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, internal_last_seen_value(auction_item_name), count(bid_auction), count ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
     Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), count ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
-
-    Table 5 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 5
+    ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 7 { columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 6
+    ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 8
+    Table 7
     ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -2144,7 +2155,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 9
+    Table 8
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -2152,11 +2163,16 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 10 { columns: [ sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid_auction)), count ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
+    Table 9
+    ├── columns: [ sum0(sum0(count)), sum0(count(bid_auction)), count ]
+    ├── primary key: []
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: []
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
-    Table 11 { columns: [ bid_auction, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 10 { columns: [ bid_auction, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 12
+    Table 11
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -2427,7 +2443,7 @@
     BatchTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
     └─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: Single }
       └─BatchTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
-        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+        └─BatchHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
           └─BatchHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
             ├─BatchExchange { order: [], dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
             │ └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -2435,12 +2451,12 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+    └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
       └─StreamTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 }
         └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
           └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), count] }
                 └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
                   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
                   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
@@ -2450,44 +2466,44 @@
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, bid_count], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [bid_count, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction)] }
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction)] }
         └── StreamTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0 } { state table: 0 }
             └── StreamExchange Single from 1
 
     Fragment 1
     StreamGroupTopN { order: [count(bid.auction) DESC], limit: 1000, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] } { state table: 1 }
-    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [first_value(auction.item_name order_by(auction.item_name ASC)), count(bid.auction), count] }
-            ├── intermediate state table: 3
-            ├── state tables: [ 2 ]
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), Vnode(auction.id) as $expr1] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.id], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(auction.item_name), count(bid.auction), count] }
+            ├── intermediate state table: 2
+            ├── state tables: []
             ├── distinct tables: []
             └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-                ├── left table: 4
-                ├── right table: 6
-                ├── left degree table: 5
-                ├── right degree table: 7
+                ├── left table: 3
+                ├── right table: 5
+                ├── left degree table: 4
+                ├── right degree table: 6
                 ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
                 └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
 
     Fragment 2
-    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 8 }
+    Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Fragment 3
-    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 9 }
+    Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
     Table 0
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, internal_last_seen_value(auction_item_name), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: []
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 0
 
     Table 1
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, internal_last_seen_value(auction_item_name), count(bid_auction), $expr1 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $2 DESC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
@@ -2495,38 +2511,31 @@
     └── vnode column idx: 3
 
     Table 2
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, bid__row_id ]
-    ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ]
-    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
-    └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
-
-    Table 3
-    ├── columns: [ auction_id, first_value(auction_item_name order_by(auction_item_name ASC)), count(bid_auction), count ]
+    ├── columns: [ auction_id, internal_last_seen_value(auction_item_name), count(bid_auction), count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 3 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 5 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
+    Table 4 { columns: [ auction_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 6
+    Table 5
     ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 7
+    Table 6
     ├── columns: [ bid_auction, bid__row_id, _degree ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 2 ]
     ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 1
 
-    Table 8
+    Table 7
     ├── columns: [ vnode, id, auction_backfill_finished, auction_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@@ -2534,7 +2543,7 @@
     ├── read pk prefix len hint: 1
     └── vnode column idx: 0
 
-    Table 9
+    Table 8
     ├── columns: [ vnode, _row_id, bid_backfill_finished, bid_row_count ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
index 1ad1d9f92c418..003e4185ada81 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
@@ -582,29 +582,29 @@
     create table t(x int[], y int[], k int primary key);
     select *, (select sum(i) from (select unnest(x) i, 1 c) Q where k = c ) as sum_x from t;
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
-    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
+    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, internal_last_seen_value(t.x)) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
     ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k] }
-    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
-      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
-        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
+    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
+      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(internal_last_seen_value(t.x), internal_last_seen_value(t.x)) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x)] }
         │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k] }
-        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
           └─LogicalProjectSet { select_list: [$0, $1, Unnest($0)] }
-            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k] }
-              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
+            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k] }
+              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x)] }
               │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], predicate: (t.k = 1:Int32) }
               └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
   optimized_logical_plan_for_stream: |-
-    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
+    LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(t.x, internal_last_seen_value(t.x)) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0))] }
     ├─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k] }
-    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
-      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
-        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
+    └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0))] }
+      └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(internal_last_seen_value(t.x), internal_last_seen_value(t.x)) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(t.k, t.k), output: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x)] }
         │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k] }
-        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
+        └─LogicalProject { exprs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k, Unnest($0)] }
           └─LogicalProjectSet { select_list: [$0, $1, Unnest($0)] }
-            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC)), t.k] }
-              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [first_value(t.x order_by(t.x ASC))] }
+            └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: true, output: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x), t.k] }
+              ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [t.k], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(t.x)] }
               │ └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], predicate: (t.k = 1:Int32) }
               └─LogicalValues { rows: [[]], schema: Schema { fields: [] } }
 - name: CorrelatedInputRef in ProjectSet and apply on condition refers to table function.
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
index 6d216ad9c81c4..3b84def33abfa 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
@@ -466,14 +466,14 @@
                     └─LogicalScan { table: c, columns: [c.c1, c.c2, c.c3, c._row_id] }
   optimized_logical_plan_for_batch: |-
     LogicalAgg { aggs: [count] }
-    └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(a.a3, first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC))) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, b.b2), output: [] }
+    └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(a.a3, internal_last_seen_value(a.a3)) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, b.b2), output: [] }
       ├─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: (a.a3 = b.b2), output: all }
       │ ├─LogicalScan { table: a, columns: [a.a3] }
       │ └─LogicalScan { table: b, columns: [b.b2] }
       └─LogicalFilter { predicate: (3:Int32 = count(1:Int32)) }
-        └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), b.b2], aggs: [count(1:Int32)] }
-          └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), c.c3) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, c.c2), output: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC)), b.b2, 1:Int32] }
-            ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [b.b2], aggs: [first_value(a.a3 order_by(a.a3 ASC))] }
+        └─LogicalAgg { group_key: [internal_last_seen_value(a.a3), b.b2], aggs: [count(1:Int32)] }
+          └─LogicalJoin { type: LeftOuter, on: IsNotDistinctFrom(internal_last_seen_value(a.a3), c.c3) AND IsNotDistinctFrom(b.b2, c.c2), output: [internal_last_seen_value(a.a3), b.b2, 1:Int32] }
+            ├─LogicalAgg { group_key: [b.b2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(a.a3)] }
             │ └─LogicalJoin { type: Inner, on: (a.a3 = b.b2), output: all }
             │   ├─LogicalScan { table: a, columns: [a.a3] }
             │   └─LogicalScan { table: b, columns: [b.b2] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
index 2fb251ca89aa6..e0c7e339ee6a6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/generic/agg.rs
@@ -516,11 +516,8 @@ impl<PlanRef: stream::StreamPlanRef> Agg<PlanRef> {
                 // we use materialized input state for non-retractable aggregate function.
                 // for backward compatibility, the state type is same as the return type.
                 // its values in the intermediate state table are always null.
-            } else {
-                field.data_type = sig
-                    .state_type
-                    .clone()
-                    .unwrap_or(sig.ret_type.as_exact().clone());
+            } else if let Some(state_type) = &sig.state_type {
+                field.data_type = state_type.clone();
             }
         }
         let in_dist_key = self.input.distribution().dist_column_indices().to_vec();
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
index 34025eca43032..3e22348e27b49 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/rule/agg_group_by_simplify_rule.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use risingwave_common::util::sort_util::{ColumnOrder, OrderType};
 use risingwave_expr::aggregate::AggKind;
 
 use super::super::plan_node::*;
@@ -48,11 +47,11 @@ impl Rule for AggGroupBySimplifyRule {
                 if !new_group_key.contains(i) {
                     let data_type = agg_input.schema().fields[i].data_type();
                     new_agg_calls.push(PlanAggCall {
-                        agg_kind: AggKind::FirstValue,
+                        agg_kind: AggKind::InternalLastSeenValue,
                         return_type: data_type.clone(),
                         inputs: vec![InputRef::new(i, data_type)],
                         distinct: false,
-                        order_by: vec![ColumnOrder::new(i, OrderType::ascending())],
+                        order_by: vec![],
                         filter: Condition::true_cond(),
                         direct_args: vec![],
                     });

From 447e1422a2a0989d873ddd21f660460d0f0e26d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Croxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 18:23:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 425/430] chore: bump foyer (#13029)

Signed-off-by: MrCroxx <mrcroxx@outlook.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                  | 15 ++++++++-------
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                      |  2 +-
 src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs |  1 +
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index bbc112fa4bb5b..ce71e2bf98950 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3015,7 +3015,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
 dependencies = [
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-intrusive",
@@ -3026,10 +3026,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "madsim-tokio",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
@@ -3040,13 +3041,13 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-intrusive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cmsketch",
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "memoffset",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "paste",
@@ -3057,7 +3058,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-storage"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-channel",
@@ -3086,7 +3087,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-workspace-hack"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=438eec8#438eec87e90c7a80cb53a06b711c6ea1ad7a0f41"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "either",
@@ -3095,7 +3096,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-util",
  "hyper",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "libc",
  "memchr",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index f1022ab2fd935..c6fc5531acd33 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ dyn-clone = "1.0.14"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"
-foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "438eec8" }
+foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "5d0134b" }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hex = "0.4"
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
index 9de54552ae077..222700c8376b2 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/file_cache/store.rs
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ where
                     io_size: config.device_io_size,
                 },
                 allocator_bits: config.allocator_bits,
+                catalog_bits: 6,
                 admissions,
                 reinsertions: config.reinsertions,
                 buffer_pool_size: config.buffer_pool_size,

From e81850870a8026fd41184344c01f71bc67a7cb5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan <chenzl25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 20:33:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 426/430] feat(optimizer): change stream join mv distribution
 key (#13022)

---
 .../tests/testdata/output/append_only.yaml    |  11 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/basic_query.yaml    |  13 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml   | 302 ++++++-----
 .../output/common_table_expressions.yaml      |  22 +-
 .../testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml  | 110 ++--
 .../tests/testdata/output/dynamic_filter.yaml |  21 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/join.yaml           | 133 ++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/join_ordering.yaml  | 108 ++--
 .../testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml     |  84 +--
 .../tests/testdata/output/mv_on_mv.yaml       |  11 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml        | 282 +++++-----
 .../tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml | 246 +++++----
 .../output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml       | 395 +++++++-------
 .../testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml    | 510 ++++++++++--------
 .../testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml |  32 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml      |  38 +-
 .../testdata/output/predicate_pushdown.yaml   |  36 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/project_set.yaml    |  23 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/select_except.yaml  |  22 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/share.yaml          |  43 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/shared_views.yaml   |  33 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml       | 179 +++---
 .../output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml      |  74 +--
 .../testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml      |  81 +--
 .../tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml  | 171 +++---
 .../tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml   | 440 +++++++--------
 .../tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml      |  52 +-
 .../tests/testdata/output/window_join.yaml    |  38 +-
 .../optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs |  17 +-
 .../src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs    |   2 +-
 .../scale/cascade_materialized_view.rs        |   4 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/scale/plan.rs     |   8 +-
 32 files changed, 1882 insertions(+), 1659 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/append_only.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/append_only.yaml
index 184abd564c32b..d693d3fc942df 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/append_only.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/append_only.yaml
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
     select t1.v1 as id, v2, v3 from t1 join t2 on t1.v1=t2.v1;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, v2, v3, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, id], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v3, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v3, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int) append only;
     select v1 from t1 order by v1 limit 3 offset 3;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/basic_query.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/basic_query.yaml
index fde09972bb66b..ce6724dc91c37 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/basic_query.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/basic_query.yaml
@@ -234,9 +234,10 @@
         └─BatchValues { rows: [] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v = t.v, output: [t.v, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: false:Boolean }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v, t._row_id, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v = t.v, output: [t.v, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: false:Boolean }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
index 6f4f8a673c996..e7196f7cf4fea 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/ch_benchmark.yaml
@@ -134,141 +134,145 @@
                                 └─BatchScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
-      │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
-      │     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
-      │     │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] }
-      │     │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
-      │     │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
-      │     │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │     │       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
-      │     │       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
-      │     │       │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
-      │     │       │   │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
-      │     │       │   │     └─StreamTableScan { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
-      │     │       │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_regionkey) }
-      │     │       │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
-      │     │       │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
-      │     │       │       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │     │       │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
-      │     │       │         └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
-      │     │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-      │     │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id] }
-      │     │           └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id) }
-      │     │             └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
-      │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: all }
-      │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id) }
-      │       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name] }
-      │       │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, '%b':Varchar) }
-      │       │     └─StreamTableScan { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_name, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) }
-      │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
-      │         └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
-          │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
-          │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
-          │     └─StreamTableScan { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_regionkey) }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
-              ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
-              │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
+        │   └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
+        │     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
+        │     │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] }
+        │     │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
+        │     │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] }
+        │     │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │     │       │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+        │     │       │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
+        │     │       │   │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
+        │     │       │   │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
+        │     │       │   │     └─StreamTableScan { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
+        │     │       │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_regionkey) }
+        │     │       │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+        │     │       │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
+        │     │       │       │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │     │       │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+        │     │       │         └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+        │     │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+        │     │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id] }
+        │     │           └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id) }
+        │     │             └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
+        │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: all }
+        │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id) }
+        │       │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name] }
+        │       │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, '%b':Varchar) }
+        │       │     └─StreamTableScan { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_name, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) }
+        │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
+        │         └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
+            │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
+            │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
+            │     └─StreamTableScan { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_regionkey) }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] }
+                ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
+                │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+                └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+                  └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id(hidden), stock.s_w_id(hidden), min(stock.s_quantity)(hidden), $expr2(hidden), region.r_regionkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_columns: [n_name, s_name, i_id, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = supplier.s_suppkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, nation.n_name, item.i_id, item.i_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 12
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr2, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
     └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id AND min(stock.s_quantity) = stock.s_quantity AND stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: [item.i_id, item.i_name, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
         ├── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, min(stock.s_quantity)] }
         │   └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id], aggs: [min(stock.s_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 9, state tables: [ 8 ], distinct tables: [] }
-        │       └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+        │       └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: item.i_id = stock.s_i_id, output: all } { left table: 26, right table: 28, left degree table: 27, right degree table: 29 }
-            ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
-
-    Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 8
+            ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey, stock.s_w_id] } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 5
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 9
 
     Fragment 4
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 6
+
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
         └── Chain { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) } { state table: 18 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 5
+    Fragment 6
     StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] } { left table: 19, right table: 21, left degree table: 20, right degree table: 22 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 6
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 7
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
 
-    Fragment 6
+    Fragment 7
     Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 23 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 7
+    Fragment 8
     Chain { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) } { state table: 24 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 8
+    Fragment 9
     StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_quantity, ((stock.s_w_id * stock.s_i_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_w_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (stock.s_i_id = stock.s_i_id) }
         └── Chain { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) } { state table: 25 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 9
+    Fragment 10
     StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id, item.i_name] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, '%b':Varchar) }
         └── Chain { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_name, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) } { state table: 30 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 10
+    Fragment 11
     Chain { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) } { state table: 31 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 11
+    Fragment 12
     StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: region.r_regionkey = nation.n_regionkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 32, right table: 34, left degree table: 33, right degree table: 35 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 12
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([6]) from 13
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 13
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([6]) from 14
 
-    Fragment 12
+    Fragment 13
     StreamProject { exprs: [region.r_regionkey] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: Like(region.r_name, 'EUROP%':Varchar) }
         └── Chain { table: region, columns: [region.r_regionkey, region.r_name], pk: [region.r_regionkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(region.r_regionkey) } { state table: 36 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 13
+    Fragment 14
     StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey, nation.n_nationkey] } { left table: 37, right table: 39, left degree table: 38, right degree table: 40 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 14
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 15
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 15
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 16
 
-    Fragment 14
+    Fragment 15
     Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey, supplier.s_phone, supplier.s_comment], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 41 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 15
+    Fragment 16
     Chain { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name, nation.n_regionkey], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) } { state table: 42 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -359,7 +363,7 @@
 
     Table 42 { columns: [ vnode, n_nationkey, nation_backfill_finished, nation_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $11 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 11 ], read pk prefix len hint: 9 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, n_name, i_id, i_name, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, min(stock.s_quantity), $expr2, region.r_regionkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $11 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], distribution key: [ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ], read pk prefix len hint: 9 }
 
 - id: ch_q3
   before:
@@ -2496,59 +2500,63 @@
       └─LogicalScan { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.total_revenue] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no(hidden)], stream_key: [s_suppkey, revenue1.supplier_no, total_revenue], pk_columns: [s_suppkey, revenue1.supplier_no, total_revenue], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: revenue1.total_revenue = max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(revenue1.total_revenue) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no::Int64 as $expr1, revenue1.supplier_no] }
-      │       └─StreamTableScan { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.supplier_no, revenue1.total_revenue], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))] }
-          └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(revenue1.total_revenue), count] }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no, Vnode(revenue1.supplier_no) as $expr2] }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: revenue1.total_revenue = max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(revenue1.total_revenue) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no::Int64 as $expr1, revenue1.supplier_no] }
+        │       └─StreamTableScan { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.supplier_no, revenue1.total_revenue], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))] }
+            └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
+                └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(revenue1.total_revenue), count] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no, Vnode(revenue1.supplier_no) as $expr2] }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no(hidden)], stream_key: [s_suppkey, revenue1.supplier_no, total_revenue], pk_columns: [s_suppkey, revenue1.supplier_no, total_revenue], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: revenue1.total_revenue = max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 4, 5]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: revenue1.total_revenue = max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone, revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no] }
     ├── left table: 4
     ├── right table: 6
     ├── left degree table: 5
     ├── right degree table: 7
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_phone], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no::Int64 as $expr1, revenue1.supplier_no] }
     └── Chain { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.supplier_no, revenue1.total_revenue], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) } { state table: 9 }
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue))] }
     └── StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(revenue1.total_revenue)), count] } { intermediate state table: 11, state tables: [ 10 ], distinct tables: [] }
-        └── StreamExchange Single from 5
+        └── StreamExchange Single from 6
 
-    Fragment 5
+    Fragment 6
     StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr2], aggs: [max(revenue1.total_revenue), count] } { intermediate state table: 13, state tables: [ 12 ], distinct tables: [] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no, Vnode(revenue1.supplier_no) as $expr2] }
         └── Chain { table: revenue1, columns: [revenue1.total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no], pk: [revenue1.supplier_no], dist: UpstreamHashShard(revenue1.supplier_no) } { state table: 14 }
@@ -2590,7 +2598,7 @@
 
     Table 14 { columns: [ vnode, supplier_no, revenue1_backfill_finished, revenue1_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 4 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_phone, total_revenue, revenue1.supplier_no ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $5 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 0, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: ch_q16
   before:
@@ -3174,58 +3182,62 @@
                             └─BatchScan { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_delivery_d], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_nationkey] }
-      │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar) }
-      │         └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [((stock.s_i_id * stock.s_w_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity] }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((2:Int32 * stock.s_quantity) > sum(order_line.ol_quantity)) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, sum(order_line.ol_quantity)] }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count] }
-                └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id, output: all }
-                  ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-                  │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
-                  │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
-                  │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_i_id) }
-                  │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
-                  │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (order_line.ol_delivery_d > '2010-05-23 12:00:00':Timestamp) }
-                  │       └─StreamTableScan { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_delivery_d], pk: [order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number], dist: UpstreamHashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_number) }
-                  └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id) }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id] }
-                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, 'co%':Varchar) }
-                        └─StreamTableScan { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(supplier.s_nationkey) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_nationkey] }
+        │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: (nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar) }
+        │         └─StreamTableScan { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [((stock.s_i_id * stock.s_w_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity] }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((2:Int32 * stock.s_quantity) > sum(order_line.ol_quantity)) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, sum(order_line.ol_quantity)] }
+                └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], aggs: [sum(order_line.ol_quantity), count] }
+                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: stock.s_i_id = item.i_id, output: all }
+                    ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stock.s_i_id = order_line.ol_i_id, output: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+                    │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stock.s_i_id) }
+                    │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) }
+                    │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(order_line.ol_i_id) }
+                    │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
+                    │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (order_line.ol_delivery_d > '2010-05-23 12:00:00':Timestamp) }
+                    │       └─StreamTableScan { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_delivery_d], pk: [order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number], dist: UpstreamHashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_number) }
+                    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(item.i_id) }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id] }
+                        └─StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, 'co%':Varchar) }
+                          └─StreamTableScan { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey(hidden), supplier.s_nationkey(hidden)], stream_key: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_columns: [s_name, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 2
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: supplier.s_suppkey = $expr1, output: [supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: supplier.s_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey, output: all } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: supplier, columns: [supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_name, supplier.s_address, supplier.s_nationkey], pk: [supplier.s_suppkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(supplier.s_suppkey) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [nation.n_nationkey] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (nation.n_name = 'CHINA':Varchar) }
         └── Chain { table: nation, columns: [nation.n_nationkey, nation.n_name], pk: [nation.n_nationkey], dist: UpstreamHashShard(nation.n_nationkey) } { state table: 9 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [((stock.s_i_id * stock.s_w_id) % 10000:Int32)::Int64 as $expr1, stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((2:Int32 * stock.s_quantity) > sum(order_line.ol_quantity)) }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity, sum(order_line.ol_quantity)] }
@@ -3236,16 +3248,16 @@
                     │   ├── right table: 17
                     │   ├── left degree table: 16
                     │   ├── right degree table: 18
-                    │   ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
-                    │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 6
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
+                    │   ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 6
+                    │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
+                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
 
-    Fragment 5
+    Fragment 6
     Chain { table: stock, columns: [stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id, stock.s_quantity], pk: [stock.s_w_id, stock.s_i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stock.s_i_id, stock.s_w_id) } { state table: 19 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 6
+    Fragment 7
     StreamProject { exprs: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (order_line.ol_delivery_d > '2010-05-23 12:00:00':Timestamp) }
         └── Chain { table: order_line, columns: [order_line.ol_i_id, order_line.ol_quantity, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number, order_line.ol_delivery_d], pk: [order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_number], dist: UpstreamHashShard(order_line.ol_o_id, order_line.ol_d_id, order_line.ol_w_id, order_line.ol_number) }
@@ -3253,7 +3265,7 @@
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 7
+    Fragment 8
     StreamProject { exprs: [item.i_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: Like(item.i_data, 'co%':Varchar) }
         └── Chain { table: item, columns: [item.i_id, item.i_data], pk: [item.i_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(item.i_id) } { state table: 21 }
@@ -3304,7 +3316,7 @@
 
     Table 21 { columns: [ vnode, i_id, item_backfill_finished, item_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, supplier.s_suppkey, supplier.s_nationkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
 - id: ch_q21
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/common_table_expressions.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/common_table_expressions.yaml
index 9c961429276a3..dece27002b19b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/common_table_expressions.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/common_table_expressions.yaml
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
           └─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v3, v4, v1, t2._row_id(hidden), t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, v3], pk_columns: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, v3], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v3 = t1.v1, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t1.v1, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3, t2._row_id, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v3 = t1.v1, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t1.v1, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int);
     create table t2 (v3 int, v4 int);
@@ -79,8 +80,9 @@
         └─LogicalValues { rows: [['cn':Varchar, 'China':Varchar], ['us':Varchar, 'United States':Varchar]], schema: Schema { fields: [*VALUES*_0.column_0:Varchar, *VALUES*_0.column_1:Varchar] } }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, c, abbr, real, t._row_id(hidden), _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, _row_id, c], pk_columns: [t._row_id, _row_id, c], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.c = *VALUES*_0.column_0, output: [t.v, t.c, *VALUES*_0.column_0, *VALUES*_0.column_1, t._row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.c) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t.c, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(*VALUES*_0.column_0) }
-        └─StreamValues { rows: [['cn':Varchar, 'China':Varchar, 0:Int64], ['us':Varchar, 'United States':Varchar, 1:Int64]] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.c, t._row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.c = *VALUES*_0.column_0, output: [t.v, t.c, *VALUES*_0.column_0, *VALUES*_0.column_1, t._row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.c) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v, t.c, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(*VALUES*_0.column_0) }
+          └─StreamValues { rows: [['cn':Varchar, 'China':Varchar, 0:Int64], ['us':Varchar, 'United States':Varchar, 1:Int64]] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
index 85d76188f3e76..818fd88b30a20 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/distribution_derive.yaml
@@ -963,31 +963,35 @@
           └─BatchScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.k1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.k1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
+        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, ak1.a._row_id(hidden), ak1.k1(hidden), a.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_columns: [ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ak1.k1 = a.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) } { state table: 4 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -1022,7 +1026,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ v, bv, ak1.a._row_id, ak1.k1, a.k1 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 2, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: aggk1_join_Ak1_onk1
@@ -1054,31 +1058,35 @@
             └─BatchScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, a.k1(hidden), ak1.a._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1, ak1.a._row_id], pk_columns: [a.k1, ak1.a._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = ak1.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, a.k1, ak1.a._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.k1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1, ak1.a._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = ak1.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, a.k1, ak1.a._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ak1.k1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v, bv, a.k1(hidden), ak1.a._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1, ak1.a._row_id], pk_columns: [a.k1, ak1.a._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = ak1.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, a.k1, ak1.a._row_id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-        │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = ak1.k1, output: [ak1.v, count, a.k1, ak1.a._row_id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) } { state table: 5 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: ak1, columns: [ak1.k1, ak1.v, ak1.a._row_id], pk: [ak1.a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(ak1.k1) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -1113,7 +1121,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ v, bv, a.k1, ak1.a._row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 2 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 2, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: aggk1_join_aggk1_onk1
@@ -1156,33 +1164,37 @@
           └─BatchScan { table: b, columns: [b.k1], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
-      ├─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
-      └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(b.k1) }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: b, columns: [b.k1, b._row_id], pk: [b._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(b._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
+        ├─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(a.k1) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) }
+        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(b.k1) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: b, columns: [b.k1, b._row_id], pk: [b._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(b._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [num, bv, a.k1(hidden), b.k1(hidden)], stream_key: [a.k1], pk_columns: [a.k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-        │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: a.k1 = b.k1, output: [count, count, a.k1, b.k1] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [a.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+    │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [b.k1], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: a, columns: [a.k1, a._row_id], pk: [a._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(a._row_id) } { state table: 5 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: b, columns: [b.k1, b._row_id], pk: [b._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(b._row_id) } { state table: 7 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/dynamic_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/dynamic_filter.yaml
index a340014298c47..ab282ebe3858a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/dynamic_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/dynamic_filter.yaml
@@ -124,16 +124,17 @@
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, max, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = max(max(t2.v2)), output: [t1.v1, max(max(t2.v2)), t1._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max(max(t2.v2))) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(t2.v2))] }
-          └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(t2.v2)), count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
-              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(t2.v2), count] }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id, Vnode(t2._row_id) as $expr1] }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = max(max(t2.v2)), output: [t1.v1, max(max(t2.v2)), t1._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max(max(t2.v2))) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [max(max(t2.v2))] }
+            └─StreamSimpleAgg { aggs: [max(max(t2.v2)), count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
+                └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr1], aggs: [max(t2.v2), count] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id, Vnode(t2._row_id) as $expr1] }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: Dynamic filter join on unequal types
   sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
index 4ef01cc84ab47..a61d2a0d73327 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join.yaml
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@
         └─LogicalScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t3.v5, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t3.v5, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
 - name: self join
   sql: |
     create table t (v1 int, v2 int);
@@ -33,11 +34,12 @@
       └─LogicalScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1v1, t2v1, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, t1v1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, t1v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v1, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1, t._row_id, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v1, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int);
     create table t2 (v1 int, v2 int);
@@ -65,15 +67,16 @@
       └─BatchScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v1, t3.v2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_v1, t1_v2, t2_v1, t2_v2, t3_v1, t3_v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1, t3._row_id, t2_v2], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1, t3._row_id, t2_v2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v2 = t3.v2, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t3.v1, t3.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v1, t3.v2, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v2 = t3.v2, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t3.v1, t3.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v1, t3.v2, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int);
     create table t2 (v1 int, v2 int);
@@ -93,11 +96,12 @@
       └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_v2, t2_v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t1.v1(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1.v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1.v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v2, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t1.v1, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, t1.v1, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1, output: [t1.v2, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t1.v1, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int);
     create table t2 (v1 int, v2 int);
@@ -154,11 +158,12 @@
       └─BatchScan { table: i, columns: [i.x], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [ix, iix, i.t._row_id(hidden), i.t._row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [i.t._row_id, i.t._row_id#1, ix], pk_columns: [i.t._row_id, i.t._row_id#1, ix], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: i.x = i.x, output: [i.x, i.x, i.t._row_id, i.t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x, i.t._row_id, i.t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: i.x = i.x, output: [i.x, i.x, i.t._row_id, i.t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
 - name: Left & right has same SomeShard distribution. There should still be exchanges below hash join
   sql: |
     create table t(x int);
@@ -170,11 +175,12 @@
       └─BatchScan { table: i, columns: [i.x], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [ix, tx, i.t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [i.t._row_id, t._row_id, ix], pk_columns: [i.t._row_id, t._row_id, ix], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: i.x = t.x, output: [i.x, t.x, i.t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x, i.t._row_id, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: i.x = t.x, output: [i.x, t.x, i.t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(i.x) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: i, columns: [i.x, i.t._row_id], pk: [i.t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(i.x) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - name: Left & right has same HashShard distribution. There should be no exchange below hash join
   sql: |
     create table t(x int);
@@ -628,12 +634,13 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, t1._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, $expr1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, $expr1, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.v1, t1.v1::Int64 as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1._row_id, $expr1, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, $expr1, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.v1, t1.v1::Int64 as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: Repeated columns in project should not interfere with join result (https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/8216)
   sql: |
     create table t(x int);
@@ -652,39 +659,43 @@
     select t1.src p1, t1.dst p2, t2.dst p3 from t t1, t t2, t t3 where t1.dst = t2.src and t2.src = t3.dst and t3.dst = t1.src;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [p1, p2, p3, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden), t.src(hidden), t._row_id#2(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, p2, t._row_id#2, t.src, p1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, p2, t._row_id#2, t.src, p1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.src = t.dst AND t.src = t.dst, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.src, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.src) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.dst = t.src, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.src, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.dst) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.src) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.dst) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.src, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.src, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.src = t.dst AND t.src = t.dst, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.src, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.src) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.dst = t.src, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.src, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.dst) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.src) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.dst) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [p1, p2, p3, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden), t.src(hidden), t._row_id#2(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, p2, t._row_id#2, t.src, p1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, p2, t._row_id#2, t.src, p1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.src = t.dst AND t.src = t.dst, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.src, t._row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.dst = t.src, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.src, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 2
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.src = t.dst AND t.src = t.dst, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id, t.src, t._row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.dst = t.src, output: [t.src, t.dst, t.src, t.dst, t._row_id, t._row_id] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) } { state table: 8 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     Chain { table: t, columns: [t.src, t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) } { state table: 9 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     Chain { table: t, columns: [t.dst, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) } { state table: 10 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -711,5 +722,5 @@
 
     Table 10 { columns: [ vnode, _row_id, t_backfill_finished, t_row_count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1, vnode column idx: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p1, p2, p3, t._row_id, t._row_id#1, t.src, t._row_id#2 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $1 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ p1, p2, p3, t._row_id, t._row_id#1, t.src, t._row_id#2 ], primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $1 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 6 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join_ordering.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join_ordering.yaml
index b24fc18c6b513..31c53d02a9a18 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join_ordering.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/join_ordering.yaml
@@ -34,19 +34,20 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden), t4._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id, v2, t4._row_id, v5], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id, v2, t4._row_id, v5], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
-      │   │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      │   │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │   │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-      │   │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1.v2, t3.v5, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
+        │   │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        │   │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │   │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+        │   │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
 - name: bushy tree join ordering
   sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, v2 int);
@@ -81,19 +82,20 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, t2._row_id(hidden), t1._row_id(hidden), t4._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, v3, t4._row_id, t3._row_id, v7, v2], pk_columns: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, v3, t4._row_id, t3._row_id, v7, v2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t2._row_id, t1._row_id, t4._row_id, t3._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v3 = t1.v1, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t4.v7 = t3.v5, output: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4._row_id, t3._row_id] }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
-          │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2, t2.v3, t4.v7, t2._row_id, t1._row_id, t4._row_id, t3._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t2._row_id, t1._row_id, t4._row_id, t3._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v3 = t1.v1, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t4.v7 = t3.v5, output: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4._row_id, t3._row_id] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
+            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
 - name: bushy tree join ordering manually
   sql: |
     set rw_enable_join_ordering = false;
@@ -128,19 +130,20 @@
             └─BatchScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden), t4._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id, t4._row_id, v5, v2], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1, t3._row_id, t4._row_id, v5, v2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
-          │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1.v2, t3.v5, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v2 = t3.v6, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v2) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │   │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
+            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
 - name: right deep tree join ordering manually
   sql: |
     set rw_enable_join_ordering = false;
@@ -175,16 +178,17 @@
                 └─BatchScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden), t3._row_id(hidden), t4._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id, v5, v4, v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id, v5, v4, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
-        └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v4 = t3.v6, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-          ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v4) }
-          │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
-              ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
-              │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
-              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t2.v4, t3.v5, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v3, output: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v3) }
+          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t2.v4 = t3.v6, output: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t2._row_id, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v4) }
+            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v3, t2.v4, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v6) }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t3.v5 = t4.v7, output: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t4.v7, t4.v8, t3._row_id, t4._row_id] }
+                ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t3.v5) }
+                │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t3, columns: [t3.v5, t3.v6, t3._row_id], pk: [t3._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t3._row_id) }
+                └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t4.v7) }
+                  └─StreamTableScan { table: t4, columns: [t4.v7, t4.v8, t4._row_id], pk: [t4._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t4._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
index 8e63beb9798c1..85bfb1a6cda36 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/lateral_subquery.yaml
@@ -42,22 +42,23 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), all_sales._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.amount(hidden), salesperson.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM salesperson.id AND all_sales.amount = max(all_sales.amount), output: [salesperson.name, max(all_sales.amount), all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount, salesperson.id] }
-      ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id = all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id] }
-      │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
-      │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [salesperson.id, max(all_sales.amount)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [salesperson.id], aggs: [max(all_sales.amount), count] }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.id, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id] }
-            ├─StreamProject { exprs: [salesperson.id] }
-            │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [salesperson.id], aggs: [count] }
-            │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
-            │     └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM salesperson.id AND all_sales.amount = max(all_sales.amount), output: [salesperson.name, max(all_sales.amount), all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.amount, salesperson.id] }
+        ├─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id = all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, salesperson._row_id, all_sales._row_id] }
+        │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
+        │ │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [salesperson.id, max(all_sales.amount)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [salesperson.id], aggs: [max(all_sales.amount), count] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.id, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id] }
+              ├─StreamProject { exprs: [salesperson.id] }
+              │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [salesperson.id], aggs: [count] }
+              │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
+              │     └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+                  └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
 - name: lateral join 2
   sql: |
     create table all_sales (salesperson_id int, customer_name varchar, amount int );
@@ -87,14 +88,15 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [all_sales.amount DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [all_sales.salesperson_id] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales._row_id] }
-            └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [all_sales.amount DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [all_sales.salesperson_id] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales._row_id] }
+              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
 - name: lateral join 2 (left join)
   sql: |
     create table all_sales (salesperson_id int, customer_name varchar, amount int );
@@ -124,14 +126,15 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, amount, customer_name, salesperson._row_id(hidden), salesperson.id(hidden), all_sales.salesperson_id(hidden)], stream_key: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_columns: [salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [all_sales.amount DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [all_sales.salesperson_id] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales._row_id] }
-            └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: salesperson.id IS NOT DISTINCT FROM all_sales.salesperson_id, output: [salesperson.name, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, salesperson._row_id, salesperson.id, all_sales.salesperson_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(salesperson.id) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: salesperson, columns: [salesperson.id, salesperson.name, salesperson._row_id], pk: [salesperson._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(salesperson._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [all_sales.amount DESC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [all_sales.salesperson_id] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.amount, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales._row_id] }
+              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(all_sales.salesperson_id) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: all_sales, columns: [all_sales.salesperson_id, all_sales.customer_name, all_sales.amount, all_sales._row_id], pk: [all_sales._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(all_sales._row_id) }
 - name: lateral join 2 (right join) should throw an error
   sql: |
     create table all_sales (salesperson_id int, customer_name varchar, amount int );
@@ -165,14 +168,15 @@
             └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, arr, unnest, t._row_id(hidden), t.arr(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, arr], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
-          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr, t._row_id, projected_row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.arr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.arr, output: [t.x, t.arr, Unnest($0), t._row_id, t.arr, projected_row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.arr] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.arr], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.arr) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.arr, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - name: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12298
   sql: |
     create table t1(c varchar, n varchar, id varchar, d varchar);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/mv_on_mv.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/mv_on_mv.yaml
index 2f7d9e5e75b3b..6838ddb331939 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/mv_on_mv.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/mv_on_mv.yaml
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
     select m1.v1 as m1v1, m1.v2 as m1v2, m2.v1 as m2v1, m2.v2 as m2v2 from m1 join m2 on m1.v1 = m2.v1;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [m1v1, m1v2, m2v1, m2v2, m1.t1._row_id(hidden), m2.t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [m1.t1._row_id, m2.t1._row_id, m1v1], pk_columns: [m1.t1._row_id, m2.t1._row_id, m1v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: m1.v1 = m2.v1, output: [m1.v1, m1.v2, m2.v1, m2.v2, m1.t1._row_id, m2.t1._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(m1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: m1, columns: [m1.v1, m1.v2, m1.t1._row_id], pk: [m1.t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(m1.t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(m2.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: m2, columns: [m2.v1, m2.v2, m2.t1._row_id], pk: [m2.t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(m2.t1._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(m1.v1, m1.t1._row_id, m2.t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: m1.v1 = m2.v1, output: [m1.v1, m1.v2, m2.v1, m2.v2, m1.t1._row_id, m2.t1._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(m1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: m1, columns: [m1.v1, m1.v2, m1.t1._row_id], pk: [m1.t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(m1.t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(m2.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: m2, columns: [m2.v1, m2.v2, m2.t1._row_id], pk: [m2.t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(m2.t1._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
index 2f23b0674fa84..8d452bf45bc36 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark.yaml
@@ -181,34 +181,38 @@
             └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.seller, auction.category], distribution: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.seller) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.seller] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((person.state = 'or':Varchar) OR (person.state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (person.state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.city, person.state], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id, auction.seller) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.seller) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.seller] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((person.state = 'or':Varchar) OR (person.state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (person.state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.city, person.state], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, auction.seller(hidden), person.id(hidden)], stream_key: [id, auction.seller], pk_columns: [id, auction.seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 4]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: auction.seller = person.id, output: [person.name, person.city, person.state, auction.id, auction.seller, person.id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [auction.id, auction.seller] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
         └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 4 }
             ├── Upstream
             └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamFilter { predicate: (((person.state = 'or':Varchar) OR (person.state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (person.state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
     └── Chain { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.city, person.state], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) } { state table: 5 }
         ├── Upstream
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ name, city, state, id, auction.seller, person.id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $4 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 4 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 3, 4 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q4
@@ -847,34 +851,38 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
-      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name), count] }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4, auction.id] }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3, auction.id] }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(person.id, $expr1, $expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
+        │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name), count] }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time, TumbleStart(person.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamTableScan { table: person, columns: [person.id, person.name, person.date_time], pk: [person.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(person.id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4, auction.id] }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3, auction.id] }
+                  └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), auction.seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: person.id = auction.seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: [person.id, internal_last_seen_value(person.name), $expr1, $expr2, auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.seller, $expr3, $expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2, internal_last_seen_value(person.name)] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [person.id, $expr1, $expr2], aggs: [internal_last_seen_value(person.name), count] } { intermediate state table: 4, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [person.id, person.name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
@@ -883,7 +891,7 @@
                     ├── Upstream
                     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [auction.seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4, auction.id] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, TumbleStart(auction.date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3, auction.id] }
         └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction.seller, auction.id], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 7 }
@@ -1133,27 +1141,31 @@
         └─StreamTableScan { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, (bid.auction % 10000:Int32) as $expr1, bid._row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid._row_id, $expr1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, (bid.auction % 10000:Int32) as $expr1, bid._row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), side_input.key(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, $expr1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([5, 6]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = side_input.key, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, side_input.value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key] }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([4]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, (bid.auction % 10000:Int32) as $expr1, bid._row_id] }
     └── Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 0 }
         ├── Upstream
         └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: side_input, columns: [side_input.key, side_input.value], pk: [side_input.key], dist: UpstreamHashShard(side_input.key) } { state table: 1 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -1166,7 +1178,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, date_time, value, bid._row_id, $expr1, side_input.key ]
     ├── primary key: [ $5 ASC, $6 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 6 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 5, 6 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q14
@@ -1795,30 +1807,34 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction, bid._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id(hidden), auction.id(hidden)], stream_key: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_columns: [bid._row_id, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 14]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: bid.auction = auction.id, output: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category, bid._row_id, auction.id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.bidder, bid.price, bid.channel, bid.url, bid.date_time, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 4 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamFilter { predicate: (auction.category = 10:Int32) }
     └── Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name, auction.description, auction.initial_bid, auction.reserve, auction.date_time, auction.expires, auction.seller, auction.category], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 5 }
         ├── Upstream
@@ -1840,7 +1856,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, bid._row_id, auction.id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 14 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q21
@@ -1946,33 +1962,37 @@
           └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, max(bid.price)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, max(bid.price)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, bid.auction(hidden)], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, max(bid.price)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: [auction.id, auction.item_name, max(bid.price), bid.auction] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction, max(bid.price)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [max(bid.price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) } { state table: 4 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid.price, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -2215,39 +2235,43 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-                    ├── intermediate state table: 5
-                    ├── state tables: []
-                    ├── distinct tables: []
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
+                ├── intermediate state table: 5
+                ├── state tables: []
+                ├── distinct tables: []
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
     ├── state table: 4
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
@@ -2333,39 +2357,43 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.id) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(bid.auction) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name], stream_key: [auction_id], pk_columns: [auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
-                    ├── intermediate state table: 5
-                    ├── state tables: []
-                    ├── distinct tables: []
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: auction.id = bid.auction, output: all }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [bid.auction] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [bid.auction], aggs: [count] }
+                ├── intermediate state table: 5
+                ├── state tables: []
+                ├── distinct tables: []
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     Chain { table: auction, columns: [auction.id, auction.item_name], pk: [auction.id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction.id) }
     ├── state table: 4
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     Chain { table: bid, columns: [bid.auction, bid._row_id], pk: [bid._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(bid._row_id) } { state table: 6 }
     ├── Upstream
     └── BatchPlanNode
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
index 7c694fad1fa67..31be64b2c480a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_source.yaml
@@ -158,29 +158,33 @@
           └─BatchSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, _row_id(hidden), seller(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, seller], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: seller = id, output: [name, city, state, id, _row_id, seller, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(seller) }
-      │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
-      │   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-      │     └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((state = 'or':Varchar) OR (state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
-          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
-            └─StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(_row_id, seller, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: seller = id, output: [name, city, state, id, _row_id, seller, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(seller) }
+        │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
+        │   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+        │     └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((state = 'or':Varchar) OR (state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
+            └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
+              └─StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, _row_id(hidden), seller(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, seller], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, seller], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: seller = id, output: [name, city, state, id, _row_id, seller, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([7]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([4, 5, 6]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: seller = id, output: [name, city, state, id, _row_id, seller, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([7]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
         └── StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamFilter { predicate: (((state = 'or':Varchar) OR (state = 'id':Varchar)) OR (state = 'ca':Varchar)) }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
         └── StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
@@ -211,7 +215,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ name, city, state, id, _row_id, seller, _row_id#1 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 5 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 4, 5, 6 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
 - id: nexmark_q4
@@ -737,40 +741,44 @@
               └─BatchSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [id, name, $expr1, $expr2] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, name, $expr1, $expr2) }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
-      │           └─StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(seller, $expr3, $expr4) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
-              └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-                └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, name, $expr1, $expr2) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, $expr1, $expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [id, name, $expr1, $expr2] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, name, $expr1, $expr2) }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
+        │           └─StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [seller, $expr3, $expr4] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(seller, $expr3, $expr4) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4] }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
+                └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+                  └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2(hidden), seller(hidden), $expr3(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
-        └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [seller, $expr3, $expr4] } { state table: 6 }
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [id, name, $expr1, $expr2] } { state table: 4 }
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 2
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: id = seller AND $expr1 = $expr3 AND $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 2
+    └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [seller, $expr3, $expr4] } { state table: 6 }
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 4
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [id, name, $expr1, $expr2] } { state table: 4 }
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, $expr1, ($expr1 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr1] }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 8 }
             └── StreamSource { source: person, columns: [id, name, email_address, credit_card, city, state, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [seller, $expr3, ($expr3 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr4] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id, TumbleStart(date_time, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr3] }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
@@ -796,7 +804,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr2, seller, $expr3, $expr4 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
@@ -1629,31 +1637,31 @@
           └─BatchSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: auction = id, output: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-      │   └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
-          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-            └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: auction = id, output: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+        │   └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
+            └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+              └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: auction = id, output: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 14, 15]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: auction = id, output: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamFilter { predicate: (category = 10:Int32) }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
         └── StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
@@ -1674,7 +1682,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id#1 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 14, 15 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
 - id: nexmark_q21
@@ -1775,30 +1783,34 @@
           └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-      │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction, max(price)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
-            └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-              └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+        │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction, max(price)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
+              └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+                └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), auction(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction, max(price)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, max(price), _row_id, auction] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction, max(price)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [max(price), count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
     └── StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 6 }
 
@@ -1825,7 +1837,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, auction ]
     ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q102
@@ -1992,37 +2004,41 @@
               └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-      │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
-              └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-                └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+        │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
+                └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+                  └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
     └── StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
         └── source state table: 4
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 6 }
 
@@ -2049,7 +2065,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q104
@@ -2080,37 +2096,41 @@
               └─BatchSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-      │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
-              └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-                └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+        │   └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction) }
+                └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+                  └─StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: id = auction, output: [id, item_name, _row_id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [auction] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [auction], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
     └── StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
         └── source state table: 4
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: bid, columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_time, extra, _row_id] } { source state table: 6 }
 
@@ -2137,7 +2157,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q105
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
index ccdde39e76764..c6c3ffd4f5ad6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -717,65 +717,69 @@
       AND P.endtime = A.endtime;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr5, $expr6) }
-      │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6) }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, ($expr5 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6] }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, TumbleStart($expr4, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 6:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
-      │           └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-      │             └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
-      │                   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │                     └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │                       └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr8, $expr9, $expr10] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr8, $expr9, $expr10) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr8, $expr9, ($expr9 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr10] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr7, $expr8, TumbleStart($expr7, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr9, _row_id] }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-                  └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
-                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
-                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr5, $expr6) }
+        │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6) }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, ($expr5 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6] }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, TumbleStart($expr4, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 6:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
+        │           └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
+        │             └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
+        │                   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │                     └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │                       └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr8, $expr9, $expr10] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr8, $expr9, $expr10) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr8, $expr9, ($expr9 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr10] }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr7, $expr8, TumbleStart($expr7, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr9, _row_id] }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+                    └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
+                        └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
+                          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden), $expr9(hidden), $expr10(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr6], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
-        └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr8, $expr9, $expr10] } { state table: 6 }
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6] } { state table: 4 }
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 2
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr8 AND $expr5 = $expr9 AND $expr6 = $expr10, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 2
+    └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr8, $expr9, $expr10] } { state table: 6 }
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6] } { state table: 4 }
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr5, ($expr5 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, TumbleStart($expr4, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, _row_id] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 6:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-                └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+                └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
                 └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr8, $expr9, ($expr9 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr10] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr7, $expr8, TumbleStart($expr7, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr9, _row_id] }
         └── StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
             └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-                └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+                └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, $expr5, $expr6 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -795,7 +799,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr6, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 4
 
 - id: nexmark_q9
@@ -1180,59 +1184,63 @@
     WHERE A.category = 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr9, output: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr8, $expr10, $expr11, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, $expr15, $expr16, $expr17, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr6, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr7, Field(bid, 5:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-      │     ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-      │     │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-      │     │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │     │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
-      │     │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │     │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │     │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
-      │         └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr9) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr11, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr14, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr15, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr16, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr17, _row_id] }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-            └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
-                  └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                      └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr9, output: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr8, $expr10, $expr11, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, $expr15, $expr16, $expr17, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr6, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr7, Field(bid, 5:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+        │     ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+        │     │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+        │     │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │     │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
+        │     │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │     │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │     │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
+        │         └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr9) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr11, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr14, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr15, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr16, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr17, _row_id] }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+              └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
+                    └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                        └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr9, output: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr8, $expr10, $expr11, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, $expr15, $expr16, $expr17, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 14, 15]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr9, output: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr8, $expr10, $expr11, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, $expr15, $expr16, $expr17, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr6, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr7, Field(bid, 5:Int32) as $expr8, _row_id] }
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true } { left table: 4, right table: 5 }
         ├── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
-        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 3
+        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 4
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
                 └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 6 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
     └── StreamNow { output: [now] } { state table: 7 }
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr11, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 5:Int32) as $expr14, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr15, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr16, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr17, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr8, _row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1250,7 +1258,12 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ now ], primary key: [], value indices: [ 0 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 0 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id#1 ], primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id#1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 14, 15 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
 - id: nexmark_q21
   before:
@@ -1375,61 +1388,65 @@
     ) b ON a.id = b.auction;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr6)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr6, _row_id] }
-              └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-                ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-                │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
-                    └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr6)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr6, _row_id] }
+                └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+                  ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                  │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+                  │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                  │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                  │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                  │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                  │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
+                      └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr6)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [ 5 ], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr6), _row_id, $expr5] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr6)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr6), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [ 5 ], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
                 └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr6, _row_id] }
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true } { left table: 7, right table: 8 }
         ├── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
-        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 4
+        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 5
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
     └── StreamNow { output: [now] } { state table: 9 }
 
@@ -1457,7 +1474,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, $expr5 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q102
@@ -1642,65 +1659,69 @@
     );
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-                  ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                  │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-                  │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                  │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                  │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                  │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                  │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                  └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
-                      └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+                    ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                    │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+                    │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                    │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                    │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                    │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                    │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                    └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
+                        └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
                 └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
         ├── left table: 6
         ├── right table: 7
         ├── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
-        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 4
+        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 5
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
     └── StreamNow { output: [now] } { state table: 8 }
 
@@ -1731,7 +1752,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q104
@@ -1752,65 +1773,69 @@
     );
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-                  ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                  │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
-                  │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                  │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                  │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                  │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                  │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                  └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
-                      └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+                    ├─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                    │ └─StreamShare { id: 5 }
+                    │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                    │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                    │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                    │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                    │           └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                    └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
+                        └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr5, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 5, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Proctime as $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
                 └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 4 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
     └── StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr4), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
         ├── left table: 6
         ├── right table: 7
         ├── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
-        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 4
+        │   └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+        └── StreamExchange Broadcast from 5
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:05:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr4], output_watermarks: [$expr4] }
     └── StreamNow { output: [now] } { state table: 8 }
 
@@ -1841,7 +1866,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ]
     ├── primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 2 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
 - id: nexmark_q105
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
index 3554e31d281ec..39adc39a16653 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/nexmark_watermark.yaml
@@ -131,45 +131,49 @@
               └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, _row_id(hidden), $expr3(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, $expr3], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, $expr3], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr4, output: [$expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr2, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32)) OR ((((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32))) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr5, Field(person, 4:Int32) as $expr6, Field(person, 5:Int32) as $expr7, _row_id] }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-            └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32)) OR ((((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32))) }
-                  └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                    └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                        └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(_row_id, $expr3, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr4, output: [$expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr2, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32)) OR ((((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32))) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr5, Field(person, 4:Int32) as $expr6, Field(person, 5:Int32) as $expr7, _row_id] }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32) }
+              └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32)) OR ((((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32))) }
+                    └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                      └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                        └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                          └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [name, city, state, id, _row_id(hidden), $expr3(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, $expr3], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, $expr3], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr4, output: [$expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr2, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([4, 5, 6]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr3 = $expr4, output: [$expr5, $expr6, $expr7, $expr2, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32)) OR ((((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32))) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -177,10 +181,10 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr5, Field(person, 4:Int32) as $expr6, Field(person, 5:Int32) as $expr7, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (((Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'or':Varchar) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'id':Varchar)) OR (Field(person, 5:Int32) = 'ca':Varchar)) AND (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, _row_id ], primary key: [ $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ name, city, state, id, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id#1 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ name, city, state, id, _row_id, $expr3, _row_id#1 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $6 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 4, 5, 6 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
@@ -696,43 +700,48 @@
                     └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time, $expr5(hidden)] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr4 = max($expr4) AND ($expr1 >= $expr6) AND ($expr1 <= $expr5), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr6), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= $expr5), output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr5], output: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr3, $expr1, _row_id, $expr5] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-      │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │         └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │           └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │             └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max($expr4)) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr4), ($expr5 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6], output_watermarks: [$expr5, $expr6] }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr4), count], output_watermarks: [$expr5] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [(TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, $expr4, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr5] }
-                └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                    └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                      └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                        └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4, _row_id, $expr5) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr4 = max($expr4) AND ($expr1 >= $expr6) AND ($expr1 <= $expr5), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr6), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= $expr5), output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr5], output: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr3, $expr1, _row_id, $expr5] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+        │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │         └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │           └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │             └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(max($expr4)) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr4), ($expr5 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6], output_watermarks: [$expr5, $expr6] }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr4), count], output_watermarks: [$expr5] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr5) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [(TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, $expr4, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr5] }
+                  └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
-    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time, $expr5(hidden)] } { materialized table: 4294967294 }
-    └── StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr4 = max($expr4) AND ($expr1 >= $expr6) AND ($expr1 <= $expr5), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr6), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= $expr5), output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr5], output: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr3, $expr1, _row_id, $expr5] }
-        ├── left table: 0
-        ├── right table: 2
-        ├── left degree table: 1
-        ├── right degree table: 3
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 3
+    StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time, $expr5(hidden)] }
+    ├── materialized table: 4294967294
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([1, 4, 5]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+    StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr4 = max($expr4) AND ($expr1 >= $expr6) AND ($expr1 <= $expr5), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: ($expr1 >= $expr6), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= $expr5), output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr5], output: [$expr2, $expr4, $expr3, $expr1, _row_id, $expr5] }
+    ├── left table: 0
+    ├── right table: 2
+    ├── left degree table: 1
+    ├── right degree table: 3
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 4
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamNoOp
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -740,14 +749,14 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [$expr5, max($expr4), ($expr5 - '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6], output_watermarks: [$expr5, $expr6] }
     └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr5], aggs: [max($expr4), count], output_watermarks: [$expr5] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [(TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5, $expr4, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr5] }
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr1, _row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $4 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], distribution key: [ 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -763,7 +772,7 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ $expr5, max($expr4), count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id, $expr5 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 1 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id, $expr5 ], primary key: [ $4 ASC, $5 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 1, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
   eowc_stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, price, bidder, date_time, _row_id(hidden), $expr5(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_columns: [_row_id, $expr5, price], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [date_time] }
@@ -845,52 +854,56 @@
                   └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2, $expr5) }
-      │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5) }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr4, $expr2, ($expr2 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5], output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5] }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-      │           └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
-      │                 └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │                   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │                     └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                       └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr7, $expr6, $expr8] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr7, $expr6, $expr8) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr7, $expr6, ($expr6 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr8], output_watermarks: [$expr6, $expr8] }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr6] }
-              └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-                └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                    └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
-                      └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                        └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr2, $expr5) }
+        │ └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5) }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr4, $expr2, ($expr2 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5], output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5] }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
+        │           └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
+        │                 └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │                   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │                     └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                       └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr7, $expr6, $expr8] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr7, $expr6, $expr8) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr7, $expr6, ($expr6 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr8], output_watermarks: [$expr6, $expr8] }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr6] }
+                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+                  └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
+                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)] }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 1
-        └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr7, $expr6, $expr8] } { state table: 7 }
-            └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5] } { state table: 4 }
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 2
+    StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr6 AND $expr5 = $expr8 AND $expr3 = $expr7, output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5, $expr6, $expr8], output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2, 3]) from 2
+    └── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr7, $expr6, $expr8] } { state table: 7 }
+        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [$expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5] } { state table: 4 }
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1, 2, 3]) from 3
+
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(person, 0:Int32) as $expr3, Field(person, 1:Int32) as $expr4, $expr2, ($expr2 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr5], output_watermarks: [$expr2, $expr5] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr2, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr2] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 0:Int32) }
-            └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+            └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 0:Int32) OR (event_type = 1:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -898,11 +911,11 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 6 }
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr7, $expr6, ($expr6 + '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr8], output_watermarks: [$expr6, $expr8] }
     └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, $expr1, TumbleStart($expr1, '00:00:10':Interval) as $expr6, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1, $expr6] }
         └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-            └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
+            └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 4
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr3, $expr4, $expr2, $expr5 ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
@@ -920,7 +933,7 @@
 
     Table 7 { columns: [ $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ id, name, starttime, $expr5, $expr7, $expr6, $expr8 ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 4 }
 
   eowc_stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5(hidden), $expr7(hidden), $expr6(hidden), $expr8(hidden)], stream_key: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_columns: [id, name, starttime, $expr5], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [starttime] }
@@ -1715,41 +1728,45 @@
               └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr7, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr1, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10, $expr11, $expr1, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr6, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr7) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr8, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr11, $expr1, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr14, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-            └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
-                  └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                    └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                        └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr7, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr1, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10, $expr11, $expr1, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr6, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr7) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr8, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr11, $expr1, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr14, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+              └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
+                    └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                      └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                        └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                          └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, auction], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr7, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr1, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10, $expr11, $expr1, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 14, 15]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: $expr2 = $expr7, output: [$expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr1, $expr8, $expr9, $expr10, $expr11, $expr1, $expr12, $expr13, $expr14, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(bid, 1:Int32) as $expr3, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 3:Int32) as $expr5, Field(bid, 4:Int32) as $expr6, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, $expr1, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 2:Int32) OR ((Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32))) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -1757,10 +1774,10 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr7, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr8, Field(auction, 2:Int32) as $expr9, Field(auction, 3:Int32) as $expr10, Field(auction, 4:Int32) as $expr11, $expr1, Field(auction, 6:Int32) as $expr12, Field(auction, 7:Int32) as $expr13, Field(auction, 8:Int32) as $expr14, _row_id], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (Field(auction, 8:Int32) = 10:Int32) AND (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, $expr4, $expr5, $expr6, $expr1, _row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $6 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1774,7 +1791,12 @@
 
     Table 5 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id#1 ], primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 3 }
+    Table 4294967294
+    ├── columns: [ auction, bidder, price, channel, url, date_timeb, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_timea, expires, seller, category, _row_id, _row_id#1 ]
+    ├── primary key: [ $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $0 ASC ]
+    ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 14, 15 ]
+    └── read pk prefix len hint: 3
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
@@ -1909,45 +1931,49 @@
                 └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, max($expr5)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
-              └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                    └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                      └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                        └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, max($expr5)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
+                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                  └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id(hidden), $expr4(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, max($expr5)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 3]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: [$expr2, $expr3, max($expr5), _row_id, $expr4] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4, max($expr5)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [max($expr5), count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -1955,10 +1981,10 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, Field(bid, 2:Int32) as $expr5, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, _row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -1978,7 +2004,7 @@
     ├── columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, current_highest_bid, _row_id, $expr4 ]
     ├── primary key: [ $3 ASC, $0 ASC ]
     ├── value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
-    ├── distribution key: [ 0 ]
+    ├── distribution key: [ 0, 3 ]
     └── read pk prefix len hint: 2
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
@@ -2184,47 +2210,51 @@
                     └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                  └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                    └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                        └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                            └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                                └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count >= 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -2232,10 +2262,10 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, _row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2251,7 +2281,7 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
@@ -2290,47 +2320,51 @@
                     └─BatchSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-      │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-      │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-          └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-                  └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
-                    └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
-                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
-                        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-                            └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-                              └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
+        │     └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+        │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │             └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │               └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └─StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr4) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
+                    └─StreamShare { id: 6 }
+                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
+                        └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
+                          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                            └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: $expr1, expr: ($expr1 - '00:00:04':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+                              └─StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                                └─StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, auction_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
-            └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
-                └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 2]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftAnti, predicate: $expr2 = $expr4, output: all } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [$expr4] }
+        └── StreamFilter { predicate: (count < 20:Int32) }
+            └── StreamHashAgg [append_only] { group_key: [$expr4], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 6, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 2
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(auction, 0:Int32) as $expr2, Field(auction, 1:Int32) as $expr3, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 1:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 2
+    Fragment 3
     StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, auction, bid, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ((event_type = 1:Int32) OR (event_type = 2:Int32)) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
@@ -2338,10 +2372,10 @@
                 └── StreamProject { exprs: [event_type, person, auction, bid, Case((event_type = 0:Int32), Field(person, 6:Int32), (event_type = 1:Int32), Field(auction, 5:Int32), Field(bid, 5:Int32)) as $expr1, _row_id] }
                     └── StreamSource { source: nexmark, columns: [event_type, person, auction, bid, _row_id] } { source state table: 5 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamProject { exprs: [Field(bid, 0:Int32) as $expr4, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: (event_type = 2:Int32) }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ $expr2, $expr3, _row_id ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
@@ -2357,7 +2391,7 @@
 
     Table 6 { columns: [ $expr4, count ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 1 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ auction_id, auction_item_name, _row_id ], primary key: [ $2 ASC, $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2 ], distribution key: [ 0, 2 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
   eowc_stream_error: |-
     Not supported: The query cannot be executed in Emit-On-Window-Close mode.
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
index 5cc81578f829c..733a19f4ba05c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/over_window_function.yaml
@@ -185,15 +185,16 @@
           └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, sum, max, min, t._row_id(hidden), t.y(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, y], pk_columns: [t._row_id, y], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.y = t.y, output: [t.x, t.y, sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w), t._row_id, t.y] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 1 }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.y, sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.y], aggs: [sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
-            └─StreamShare { id: 1 }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.y = t.y, output: [t.x, t.y, sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w), t._row_id, t.y] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 1 }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.y, sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.y], aggs: [sum(t.x), max(t.x), min(t.w), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.y) }
+              └─StreamShare { id: 1 }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.w, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - id: aggregate with over clause, rows frame definition with implicit current row, without ORDER BY
   sql: |
     create table t(x int, y int);
@@ -913,12 +914,13 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1x, t2x, t1z, t2y, t2z, t._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1x, t._row_id], pk_columns: [t1x, t._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.x = t.x, output: [t.x, t.x, t.z, t.y, t.z, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.y ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.x] }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.x = t.x, output: [t.x, t.x, t.z, t.y, t.z, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t.y ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t.x] }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.z, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - id: split calls with different ORDER BY or PARTITION BY
   sql: |
     create table t(x int, y int, z int);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
index 55131ed1614cd..65469e7754e6b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/pk_derive.yaml
@@ -21,15 +21,16 @@
         Tone.id = Ttwo.id;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v1, max_v2, t1.id(hidden), t2.id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1.id], pk_columns: [t1.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.id = t2.id, output: [max(t1.v1), max(t2.v2), t1.id, t2.id] }
-      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.id, max(t1.v1)] }
-      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.id], aggs: [max(t1.v1), count] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.id) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.id, t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.id, max(t2.v2)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t2.id], aggs: [max(t2.v2), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.id) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.id, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.id = t2.id, output: [max(t1.v1), max(t2.v2), t1.id, t2.id] }
+        ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.id, max(t1.v1)] }
+        │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t1.id], aggs: [max(t1.v1), count] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.id) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.id, t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.id, max(t2.v2)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t2.id], aggs: [max(t2.v2), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.id) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.id, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t (id int, v int);
     SELECT Tone.max_v, Ttwo.min_v
@@ -51,15 +52,16 @@
         Tone.id = Ttwo.id;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [max_v, min_v, t.id(hidden), t.id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t.id], pk_columns: [t.id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id, output: [max(t.v), min(t.v), t.id, t.id] }
-      ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t.id, max(t.v)] }
-      │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [max(t.v), count] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id, t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.id, min(t.v)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [min(t.v), count] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id, t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.id = t.id, output: [max(t.v), min(t.v), t.id, t.id] }
+        ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t.id, max(t.v)] }
+        │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [max(t.v), count] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id, t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.id, min(t.v)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.id], aggs: [min(t.v), count] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.id) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.id, t.v, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t (v1 varchar, v2 varchar, v3 varchar);
     select
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/predicate_pushdown.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/predicate_pushdown.yaml
index ae37459ef7bed..91dff73df0e6a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/predicate_pushdown.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/predicate_pushdown.yaml
@@ -260,15 +260,16 @@
     └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2], predicate: (t2.v2 > ('2021-04-01 00:00:00+00:00':Timestamptz + '01:00:00':Interval)) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.v1 > $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.v1], output: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-      │   ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [AddWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │       └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.v1 > $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.v1], output: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+        │   ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [AddWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │       └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: now() in a complex cmp expr does not get pushed down
   sql: |
     create table t1(v1 timestamp with time zone);
@@ -343,14 +344,15 @@
     └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2], predicate: (t2.v2 > '2021-04-01 00:00:00+00:00':Timestamptz) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.v1 > now), output_watermarks: [t1.v1], output: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-      │   ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: [t1.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.v1 > now), output_watermarks: [t1.v1], output: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+        │   ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: eq-predicate derived condition is banned for mismatching types
   sql: |
     create table t1(v1 int, v2 int);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/project_set.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/project_set.yaml
index 23db668a070df..676772d99d72e 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/project_set.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/project_set.yaml
@@ -155,17 +155,18 @@
           └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [unnest, t._row_id(hidden), projected_row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden), projected_row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, t._row_id#1, projected_row_id#1, unnest], pk_columns: [t._row_id, projected_row_id, t._row_id#1, projected_row_id#1, unnest], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: Unnest($0) = Unnest($0), output: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest($0)) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest($0), $1] }
-      │       └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest($0)) }
-        └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
-            └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest($0), $1] }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id, t._row_id, projected_row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: Unnest($0) = Unnest($0), output: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id, t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest($0)) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+        │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest($0), $1] }
+        │       └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(Unnest($0)) }
+          └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [Unnest($0), t._row_id, projected_row_id] }
+              └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [Unnest($0), $1] }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - name: issue-10080
   sql: |
     with cte as (SELECT 1 as v1, unnest(array[1,2,3,4,5]) AS v2) select v1 from cte;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/select_except.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/select_except.yaml
index 2193524b7076f..ffd6da30b90bc 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/select_except.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/select_except.yaml
@@ -34,11 +34,12 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v3, v2, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v3, t.v2, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v3, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1, t._row_id, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v3, t.v2, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v3, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - name: qualified wildcard
   sql: |
     create table t (v1 int, v2 int, v3 int);
@@ -52,11 +53,12 @@
         └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t.v3], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, v2, v3, t._row_id(hidden), t._row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v1], pk_columns: [t._row_id, t._row_id#1, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v2, t.v3, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t.v3, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1, t._row_id, t._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t.v1 = t.v1, output: [t.v1, t.v2, t.v3, t._row_id, t._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.v1) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.v1, t.v2, t.v3, t._row_id], pk: [t._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t._row_id) }
 - name: except with unknown column
   sql: |
     create table t (v1 int, v2 int, v3 int);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
index 2815b00784b1d..15404d6d863ab 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/share.yaml
@@ -343,24 +343,25 @@
           └─BatchSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a_id, b_id, a_ts, b_ts, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, a_id], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, a_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: id = id, output: [id, id, date_time, date_time, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, date_time, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [id, date_time, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-      │     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [id, date_time, AtTimeZone(date_time, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, _row_id] }
-      │     │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (initial_bid = 1:Int32) }
-      │     │   └─StreamShare { id: 4 }
-      │     │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, initial_bid, date_time, _row_id] }
-      │     │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((initial_bid = 1:Int32) OR (initial_bid = 2:Int32)) }
-      │     │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-      │     │           └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
-      │         └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
-        └─StreamFilter { predicate: (initial_bid = 2:Int32) }
-          └─StreamShare { id: 4 }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, initial_bid, date_time, _row_id] }
-              └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((initial_bid = 1:Int32) OR (initial_bid = 2:Int32)) }
-                └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
-                  └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: id = id, output: [id, id, date_time, date_time, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, date_time, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2), output_watermarks: [$expr1], output: [id, date_time, $expr1, _row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+        │     ├─StreamProject { exprs: [id, date_time, AtTimeZone(date_time, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, _row_id] }
+        │     │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (initial_bid = 1:Int32) }
+        │     │   └─StreamShare { id: 4 }
+        │     │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, initial_bid, date_time, _row_id] }
+        │     │       └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((initial_bid = 1:Int32) OR (initial_bid = 2:Int32)) }
+        │     │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+        │     │           └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
+        │         └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(id) }
+          └─StreamFilter { predicate: (initial_bid = 2:Int32) }
+            └─StreamShare { id: 4 }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [id, initial_bid, date_time, _row_id] }
+                └─StreamFilter { predicate: ((initial_bid = 1:Int32) OR (initial_bid = 2:Int32)) }
+                  └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 10 }
+                    └─StreamSource { source: auction, columns: [id, item_name, description, initial_bid, reserve, date_time, expires, seller, category, extra, _row_id] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/shared_views.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/shared_views.yaml
index 775812f77b59c..3777705c97ced 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/shared_views.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/shared_views.yaml
@@ -23,19 +23,20 @@
                       └─LogicalScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [z, a, b, t1._row_id(hidden), t1._row_id#1(hidden), t1._row_id#2(hidden), t1.x(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t1._row_id#1, t1._row_id#2, t1.x, z], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t1._row_id#1, t1._row_id#2, t1.x, z], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = $expr2, output: [$expr1, $expr2, $expr3, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1.x] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x + t1.y) as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t1.y > 0:Int32) }
-      │       └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x * $expr1) as $expr2, (t1.y * $expr1) as $expr3, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1.x] }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.x = $expr1, output: [t1.x, t1.y, $expr1, t1._row_id, t1._row_id] }
-            ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.x) }
-            │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
-              └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x + t1.y) as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
-                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t1.y > 0:Int32) }
-                    └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1.x) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: $expr1 = $expr2, output: [$expr1, $expr2, $expr3, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1.x] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+        │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x + t1.y) as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t1.y > 0:Int32) }
+        │       └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr2) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x * $expr1) as $expr2, (t1.y * $expr1) as $expr3, t1._row_id, t1._row_id, t1.x] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.x = $expr1, output: [t1.x, t1.y, $expr1, t1._row_id, t1._row_id] }
+              ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.x) }
+              │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard($expr1) }
+                └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [(t1.x + t1.y) as $expr1, t1._row_id] }
+                    └─StreamFilter { predicate: (t1.y > 0:Int32) }
+                      └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
index 003e4185ada81..e07e84e040929 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery.yaml
@@ -346,21 +346,22 @@
                     └─BatchScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [auction._row_id, window_start, window_end, date_time], pk_columns: [auction._row_id, window_start, window_end, date_time], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.date_time IS NOT DISTINCT FROM auction.date_time, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.date_time) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-      │   └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: auction.date_time, slide: 00:00:01, size: 01:00:00, output: [auction.date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(auction.date_time) }
-      │       └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction._row_id], pk: [auction._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.date_time], aggs: [count] }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time] }
-            └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.date_time], aggs: [count] }
-              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.date_time) }
-                └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-                  └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: auction.date_time, slide: 00:00:01, size: 01:00:00, output: [auction.date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id] }
-                    └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(auction.date_time) }
-                      └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction._row_id], pk: [auction._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: auction.date_time IS NOT DISTINCT FROM auction.date_time, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.date_time) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+        │   └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: auction.date_time, slide: 00:00:01, size: 01:00:00, output: [auction.date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(auction.date_time) }
+        │       └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction._row_id], pk: [auction._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.date_time], aggs: [count] }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [auction.date_time] }
+              └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [auction.date_time], aggs: [count] }
+                └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(auction.date_time) }
+                  └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+                    └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: auction.date_time, slide: 00:00:01, size: 01:00:00, output: [auction.date_time, window_start, window_end, auction._row_id] }
+                      └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(auction.date_time) }
+                        └─StreamTableScan { table: auction, columns: [auction.date_time, auction._row_id], pk: [auction._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(auction._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     CREATE TABLE t (v int);
     SELECT 1 FROM t AS t_inner WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 1 HAVING t_inner.v > 1);
@@ -535,22 +536,23 @@
                   └─BatchScan { table: t, columns: [t.x], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, k, sum_x, t.x(hidden)], stream_key: [k, x], pk_columns: [k, x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0)), t.x] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, sum(Unnest($0))] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0)), count] }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, Unnest($0), t.x, projected_row_id] }
-            ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x] }
-            │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [count] }
-            │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-            │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, Unnest($0), projected_row_id] }
-              └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x] }
-                  └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [count] }
-                    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
-                      └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x, t.k) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, t.y, t.k, sum(Unnest($0)), t.x] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.y, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, sum(Unnest($0))] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [sum(Unnest($0)), count] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t.x, output: [t.x, Unnest($0), t.x, projected_row_id] }
+              ├─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x] }
+              │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [count] }
+              │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+              │     └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x, Unnest($0), projected_row_id] }
+                └─StreamProjectSet { select_list: [$0, Unnest($0)] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [t.x] }
+                    └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [t.x], aggs: [count] }
+                      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t.x) }
+                        └─StreamTableScan { table: t, columns: [t.x, t.k], pk: [t.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t.k) }
 - name: CorrelatedInputRef in ProjectSet and apply on condition is true.
   sql: |
     create table t(x int[], y int[], k int primary key);
@@ -632,16 +634,17 @@
                       └─BatchScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, row_number, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [integers.i ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [integers.i] }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, row_number, integers._row_id] }
-          └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY integers.i ORDER BY integers.i ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.i, integers._row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i, integers._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, row_number, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [integers.i ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [integers.i] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, row_number, integers._row_id] }
+            └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY integers.i ORDER BY integers.i ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.i, integers._row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
 - name: test over window subquery 2 (with nested loop join so cannot be transformed into a stream plan)
   sql: |
     CREATE TABLE integers(i INTEGER);
@@ -690,16 +693,17 @@
                       └─BatchScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, col, integers._row_id(hidden), integers.i(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, i], pk_columns: [i, integers._row_id], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, sum, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [integers.i ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [integers.i] }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, sum, integers._row_id] }
-          └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(integers.i) OVER(PARTITION BY integers.i ORDER BY integers.i ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.i, integers._row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i, integers._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.i IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.i, output: [integers.i, sum, integers._row_id, integers.i] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [integers.i ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [integers.i] }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, sum, integers._row_id] }
+            └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(integers.i) OVER(PARTITION BY integers.i ORDER BY integers.i ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.i) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.i, integers._row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(integers.i) }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
 - name: test over window subquery 4  (with nested loop join so cannot be transformed into a stream plan)
   sql: |
     CREATE TABLE integers(i INTEGER);
@@ -747,17 +751,18 @@
                     └─BatchScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, integers._row_id(hidden), $expr1(hidden), integers.correlated_col(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, $expr1, integers.correlated_col], pk_columns: [integers._row_id, $expr1, integers.correlated_col], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr1 = sum AND integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM rows.correlated_col, output: [integers.i, integers._row_id, $expr1, integers.correlated_col] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col, $expr1) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers.i::Int64 as $expr1, integers._row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col, sum) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, sum, rows._row_id, rows.k] }
-          └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(rows.v) OVER(PARTITION BY rows.correlated_col, rows.k ORDER BY rows.v ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col, rows.k) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(rows.correlated_col) }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col, rows._row_id], pk: [rows._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(rows._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers._row_id, $expr1, integers.correlated_col) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: $expr1 = sum AND integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM rows.correlated_col, output: [integers.i, integers._row_id, $expr1, integers.correlated_col] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col, $expr1) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers.i::Int64 as $expr1, integers._row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col, sum) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, sum, rows._row_id, rows.k] }
+            └─StreamOverWindow { window_functions: [sum(rows.v) OVER(PARTITION BY rows.correlated_col, rows.k ORDER BY rows.v ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col, rows.k) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(rows.correlated_col) }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col, rows._row_id], pk: [rows._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(rows._row_id) }
 - name: test cardinality visitor with correlated filter
   sql: |
     CREATE TABLE t1(i INT);
@@ -818,21 +823,22 @@
                           └─BatchScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [i, correlated_col, integers._row_id(hidden), 2:Int64(hidden)], stream_key: [integers._row_id, correlated_col, 2:Int64], pk_columns: [integers._row_id, correlated_col, 2:Int64], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.correlated_col AND 2:Int64 = $expr1, output: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id, 2:Int64] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, 2:Int64, integers._row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.correlated_col, (count(distinct rows.k) + count(distinct rows.v)) as $expr1] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [integers.correlated_col], aggs: [count(distinct rows.k), count(distinct rows.v), count] }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM rows.correlated_col, output: [integers.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
-            ├─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.correlated_col] }
-            │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [integers.correlated_col], aggs: [count] }
-            │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col) }
-            │     └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col) }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
-                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(rows.correlated_col) }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col, rows._row_id], pk: [rows._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(rows._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id, 2:Int64) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM integers.correlated_col AND 2:Int64 = $expr1, output: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id, 2:Int64] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, 2:Int64, integers._row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.i, integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.correlated_col, (count(distinct rows.k) + count(distinct rows.v)) as $expr1] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [integers.correlated_col], aggs: [count(distinct rows.k), count(distinct rows.v), count] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: integers.correlated_col IS NOT DISTINCT FROM rows.correlated_col, output: [integers.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
+              ├─StreamProject { exprs: [integers.correlated_col] }
+              │ └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [integers.correlated_col], aggs: [count] }
+              │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(integers.correlated_col) }
+              │     └─StreamTableScan { table: integers, columns: [integers.correlated_col, integers._row_id], pk: [integers._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(integers._row_id) }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(rows.correlated_col) }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [rows.correlated_col, rows.k, rows.v, rows._row_id] }
+                  └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(rows.correlated_col) }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: rows, columns: [rows.k, rows.v, rows.correlated_col, rows._row_id], pk: [rows._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(rows._row_id) }
 - name: test hop window subquery 1
   sql: |
     create table t1 (k int primary key, ts timestamp);
@@ -848,12 +854,13 @@
                 └─BatchValues { rows: [[1:Int32], [2:Int32]] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [col, k, ts, window_start, window_end], stream_key: [col, window_start, window_end], pk_columns: [col, window_start, window_end], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: 1:Int32 = t1.k, output: all }
-      ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [1:Int32] }
-      │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
-      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [1:Int32] }
-      │     └─StreamValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 0:Int64], [2:Int32, 1:Int64]] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k) }
-        └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: t1.ts, slide: 00:10:00, size: 00:30:00, output: all }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t1.ts) }
-            └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.k, t1.ts], pk: [t1.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.k) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(1:Int32, window_start, window_end) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: 1:Int32 = t1.k, output: all }
+        ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [1:Int32] }
+        │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(1:Int32) }
+        │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [1:Int32] }
+        │     └─StreamValues { rows: [[1:Int32, 0:Int64], [2:Int32, 1:Int64]] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k) }
+          └─StreamHopWindow { time_col: t1.ts, slide: 00:10:00, size: 00:30:00, output: all }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t1.ts) }
+              └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.k, t1.ts], pk: [t1.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1.k) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
index 3b84def33abfa..0d393c378ff85 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/subquery_expr_correlated.yaml
@@ -717,15 +717,16 @@
                 └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.x], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [x, y, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, x], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, x], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.x, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.x) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.x] }
-        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.x ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.x] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.x) }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.x, t2.x, t2._row_id] }
-              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.x) }
-                └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.x, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.x, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.x IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.x, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.x) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.x, t1.y, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.x] }
+          └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.x ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.x] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.x) }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.x, t2.x, t2._row_id] }
+                └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.x) }
+                  └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.x, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - sql: |
     create table t1(x int, y int);
     create table t2(x int, y int);
@@ -883,14 +884,15 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, k1, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, v1, k1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, v1, k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2 AND t1.k1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.k2, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.k2] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.k2) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.k2, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
-            └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.k2) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2 AND t1.k1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.k2, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.k2] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.k2) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.k2, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
+              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.k2) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: test ApplyTopNTransposeRule case 2
   sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, k1 int);
@@ -908,16 +910,17 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, k1, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
-          └─StreamTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
-              └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
-                └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id, Vnode(t2._row_id) as $expr1] }
-                  └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v2) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
+            └─StreamTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0 }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: Single }
+                └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.v2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [$expr1] }
+                  └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.v2, t2._row_id, Vnode(t2._row_id) as $expr1] }
+                    └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: test ApplyLimitTransposeRule case 1
   sql: |
     create table t1 (v1 int, k1 int);
@@ -935,11 +938,12 @@
               └─BatchScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2], distribution: SomeShard }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [v1, k1, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, v1, k1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, v1, k1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2 AND t1.k1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.k2, output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.k2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.k2] }
-        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.k2) }
-          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.k2, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
-            └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.k2) }
-              └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v2 AND t1.k1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM t2.k2, output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.k1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.v1, t1.k1, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamGroupTopN { order: [t2.k2 ASC], limit: 1, offset: 0, group_key: [t2.k2] }
+          └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.k2) }
+            └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.k2, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
+              └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(t2.k2) }
+                └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.v2, t2.k2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
index 6673d86fd9745..29e391853cf8a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_filter.yaml
@@ -122,19 +122,20 @@
     select * from t1 join t2 on a = b AND ta < now() - interval '1 hour' and ta >= now() - interval '2 hour';
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, ta, b, tb, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, a], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.a = t2.b, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
-      │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta < $expr2), output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.ta], output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-      │   │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      │   │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-      │   │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-      │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
-      │       └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: t1.a = t2.b, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+        │ └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta < $expr2), output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.ta], output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+        │   │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        │   │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+        │   │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+        │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
+        │       └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: Temporal filter in on clause for left join's left side
   sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, ta timestamp with time zone);
@@ -150,19 +151,20 @@
     select * from t1 right join t2 on a = b AND ta < now() - interval '1 hour' and ta >= now() - interval '2 hour';
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, ta, b, tb, t2._row_id(hidden), t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, b], pk_columns: [t2._row_id, t1._row_id, b], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t2.b = t1.a, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
-        └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta < $expr2), output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id] }
-          ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.ta], output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-          │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-          │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-          │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-          │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
-              └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b, t2._row_id, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t2.b = t1.a, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id, t1._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+          └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta < $expr2), output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id] }
+            ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t1.ta >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t1.ta], output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+            │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+            │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+            │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+            │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
+                └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
 - name: Temporal filter in on clause for full join's left side
   sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, ta timestamp with time zone);
@@ -178,19 +180,20 @@
     select * from t1 left join t2 on a = b AND tb < now() - interval '1 hour' and tb >= now() - interval '2 hour';
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [a, ta, b, tb, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, a], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, a], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t1.a = t2.b, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
-        └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t2.tb < $expr2), output: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id] }
-          ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t2.tb >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t2.tb], output: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
-          │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
-          │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-          │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
-          │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
-          └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
-            └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
-              └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t1.a = t2.b, output: [t1.a, t1.ta, t2.b, t2.tb, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.a) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.a, t1.ta, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.b) }
+          └─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t2.tb < $expr2), output: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id] }
+            ├─StreamDynamicFilter { predicate: (t2.tb >= $expr1), output_watermarks: [t2.tb], output: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], cleaned_by_watermark: true }
+            │ ├─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.b, t2.tb, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+            │ └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+            │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '02:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1], output_watermarks: [$expr1] }
+            │     └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
+            └─StreamExchange { dist: Broadcast }
+              └─StreamProject { exprs: [SubtractWithTimeZone(now, '01:00:00':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2], output_watermarks: [$expr2] }
+                └─StreamNow { output: [now] }
 - name: Temporal filter in on clause for right join's right side
   sql: |
     create table t1 (a int, ta timestamp with time zone);
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
index a1020b8d16ee5..f49a82be2dd78 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/temporal_join.yaml
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on id1= id2
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
   batch_error: |-
     Not supported: do not support temporal join for batch queries
     HINT: please use temporal join in streaming queries
@@ -21,11 +22,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on id1 = id2 where a2 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
 - name: implicit join with temporal tables
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -33,11 +35,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream, version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() where id1 = id2 AND a2 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (version.a2 < 10:Int32), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
 - name: Multi join key for temporal join
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -45,11 +48,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and id1 = id2 where b2 != a2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, a1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND stream.a1 = version.a2 AND (version.b2 <> version.a2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.a1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2, version.a2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2, version.b2], pk: [version.id2, version.a2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2, version.a2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND stream.a1 = version.a2 AND (version.b2 <> version.a2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.a1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2, version.a2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2, version.b2], pk: [version.id2, version.a2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2, version.a2) }
 - name: Temporal join with Aggregation
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -101,15 +105,16 @@
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.k = version2.k where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [k, x1, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.k(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, k], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, k], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version2.k, output: [stream.k, version1.x1, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.k] }
-      ├─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version1.k, output: [stream.k, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.k] }
-      │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.k) }
-      │ │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
-      │ │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.k, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      │ └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.k) }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.k, version1.x1], pk: [version1.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.k) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.k) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.k, version2.x2], pk: [version2.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.k) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.k, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version2.k, output: [stream.k, version1.x1, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.k] }
+        ├─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.k = version1.k, output: [stream.k, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.k] }
+        │ ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.k) }
+        │ │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
+        │ │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.k, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        │ └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.k) }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.k, version1.x1], pk: [version1.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.k) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.k) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.k, version2.x2], pk: [version2.k], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.k) }
 - name: multi-way temporal join with different keys
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, id2 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -121,16 +126,17 @@
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id2 = version2.id2 where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
-      │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
-      │   │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.id1, version1.x1], pk: [version1.id1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.id2, version2.x2], pk: [version2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.id2, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
+        │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
+        │   │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.id1, version1.x1], pk: [version1.id1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.id2, version2.x2], pk: [version2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
 - name: multi-way temporal join with different keys
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, id2 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -142,16 +148,17 @@
     join version2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on stream.id2 = version2.id2 where a1 < 10;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, x1, id2, x2, a1, b1, stream._row_id(hidden), version2.id2(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, id2], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
-      │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
-      │   │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      │   └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
-      │     └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.id1, version1.x1], pk: [version1.id1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.id2, version2.x2], pk: [version2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.id2, stream._row_id) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id2 = version2.id2, output: [stream.id1, version1.x1, stream.id2, version2.x2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id, version2.id2] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id2) }
+        │ └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: Inner, predicate: stream.id1 = version1.id1, output: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, version1.x1, stream._row_id, version1.id1] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: (stream.a1 < 10:Int32) }
+        │   │   └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.id2, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        │   └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
+        │     └─StreamTableScan { table: version1, columns: [version1.id1, version1.x1], pk: [version1.id1], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version1.id1) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version2, columns: [version2.id2, version2.x2], pk: [version2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version2.id2) }
 - name: temporal join with an index (distribution key size = 1)
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -160,11 +167,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join idx2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.a2, idx2.b2, idx2.id2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1, idx2.id2, stream._row_id, stream.b1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.a2, idx2.b2, idx2.id2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
 - name: temporal join with an index (distribution key size = 2)
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -173,11 +181,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join idx2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.a2, idx2.b2, idx2.id2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1, idx2.id2, stream._row_id, stream.b1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.a2, idx2.b2, idx2.id2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
 - name: temporal join with an index (index column size = 1)
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -186,11 +195,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join idx2 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, stream.b1, a1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, stream.b1, a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.b1 = idx2.b2 AND (stream.a1 = idx2.a2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.b1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.b2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.b2, idx2.id2, idx2.a2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.b2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1, idx2.id2, stream._row_id, stream.b1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.b1 = idx2.b2 AND (stream.a1 = idx2.a2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.b1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.b2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.b2, idx2.id2, idx2.a2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.b2) }
 - name: temporal join with singleton table
   sql: |
     create table t (a int) append only;
@@ -212,11 +222,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx.id2, idx.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx.a2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: idx, columns: [idx.id2, idx.a2, idx.b2], pk: [idx.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx.a2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1, idx.id2, stream._row_id, stream.b1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx.id2, idx.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx.a2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: idx, columns: [idx.id2, idx.a2, idx.b2], pk: [idx.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx.a2) }
 - name: index selection for temporal join (with two indexes) and should choose the index with a longer prefix..
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -226,11 +237,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id2, a1, stream.b1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.id2, idx2.a2, idx2.b2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1, idx2.id2, stream._row_id, stream.b1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.a1 = idx2.a2 AND stream.b1 = idx2.b2, output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, idx2.id2, idx2.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.a1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: idx2, columns: [idx2.id2, idx2.a2, idx2.b2], pk: [idx2.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(idx2.a2) }
 - name: index selection for temporal join (with three indexes) and should choose primary table.
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int, c1 int) APPEND ONLY;
@@ -241,11 +253,12 @@
     select id1, a1, id2, a2 from stream left join version FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF PROCTIME() on a1 = a2 and b1 = b2 and c1 = c2 and id1 = id2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [id1, a1, id2, a2, stream._row_id(hidden), stream.b1(hidden), stream.c1(hidden)], stream_key: [stream._row_id, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_columns: [stream._row_id, id1, a1, stream.b1, stream.c1], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (stream.a1 = version.a2) AND (stream.b1 = version.b2) AND (stream.c1 = version.c2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1, stream.c1] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream.c1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2, version.b2, version.c2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1, stream.a1, stream._row_id, stream.b1, stream.c1) }
+      └─StreamTemporalJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: stream.id1 = version.id2 AND (stream.a1 = version.a2) AND (stream.b1 = version.b2) AND (stream.c1 = version.c2), output: [stream.id1, stream.a1, version.id2, version.a2, stream._row_id, stream.b1, stream.c1] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(stream.id1) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: stream, columns: [stream.id1, stream.a1, stream.b1, stream.c1, stream._row_id], pk: [stream._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(stream._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange [no_shuffle] { dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: version, columns: [version.id2, version.a2, version.b2, version.c2], pk: [version.id2], dist: UpstreamHashShard(version.id2) }
 - name: index selection for temporal join (two index) and no one matches.
   sql: |
     create table stream(id1 int, a1 int, b1 int, c1 int) APPEND ONLY;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
index eaaa1f8e5c8d5..fdf928a0c9c84 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/tpch_variant.yaml
@@ -243,214 +243,218 @@
           └─BatchSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-      │ └─StreamShare { id: 26 }
-      │   └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] }
-      │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
-      │     │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-      │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
-      │     │   │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-      │     │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-      │     │   │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-      │     │   │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
-      │     │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
-      │     │     └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
-      │     │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
-      │     │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
-      │     │           └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
-      │     └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
-      │       └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_supplycost, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
-      │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
-      │         │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-      │         │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
-      │         │   │   └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
-      │         │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
-      │         │     └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
-      │         │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
-      │         │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-      │         │           └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
-      │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
-      │           └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
-      │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-      │               └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-      │                 └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, min(ps_supplycost)] }
-        └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] }
-          └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, s_nationkey] }
-            ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [p_partkey] }
-            │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-            │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey] }
-            │     └─StreamShare { id: 26 }
-            │       └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] }
-            │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
-            │         │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-            │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
-            │         │   │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-            │         │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-            │         │   │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-            │         │   │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
-            │         │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
-            │         │     └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
-            │         │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
-            │         │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
-            │         │           └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
-            │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
-            │           └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_supplycost, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
-            │             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
-            │             │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] }
-            │             │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-            │             │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
-            │             │   │   └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
-            │             │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
-            │             │     └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
-            │             │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
-            │             │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-            │             │           └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
-            │             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
-            │               └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
-            │                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-            │                   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-            │                     └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-            └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
-              └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, s_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey] }
-                ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
-                │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, s_nationkey, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
-                │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
-                │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(ps_partkey) }
-                │   │   └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
-                │   │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
-                │   │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                │   │         └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
-                │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
-                │     └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
-                │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-                │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-                │           └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-                └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-                    ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
-                    │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
-                    │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
-                    │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-                    │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
-                    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
-                      └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
-                        └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
-                          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+        │ └─StreamShare { id: 26 }
+        │   └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] }
+        │     ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
+        │     │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+        │     │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
+        │     │   │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+        │     │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+        │     │   │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+        │     │   │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
+        │     │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
+        │     │     └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
+        │     │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
+        │     │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
+        │     │           └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
+        │     └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
+        │       └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_supplycost, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
+        │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
+        │         │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+        │         │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
+        │         │   │   └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
+        │         │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
+        │         │     └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
+        │         │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
+        │         │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+        │         │           └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
+        │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
+        │           └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
+        │             └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+        │               └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+        │                 └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, min(ps_supplycost)] }
+          └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] }
+            └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, s_nationkey] }
+              ├─StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [p_partkey] }
+              │ └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+              │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey] }
+              │     └─StreamShare { id: 26 }
+              │       └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] }
+              │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
+              │         │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+              │         │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
+              │         │   │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+              │         │   │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+              │         │   │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+              │         │   │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
+              │         │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
+              │         │     └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
+              │         │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
+              │         │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
+              │         │           └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
+              │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
+              │           └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_supplycost, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
+              │             ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
+              │             │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] }
+              │             │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+              │             │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
+              │             │   │   └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
+              │             │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
+              │             │     └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
+              │             │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
+              │             │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+              │             │           └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
+              │             └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
+              │               └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
+              │                 └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+              │                   └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+              │                     └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+              └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
+                └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, s_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey] }
+                  ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
+                  │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, s_nationkey, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] }
+                  │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
+                  │   │ └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(ps_partkey) }
+                  │   │   └─StreamShare { id: 15 }
+                  │   │     └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
+                  │   │       └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                  │   │         └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
+                  │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
+                  │     └─StreamShare { id: 21 }
+                  │       └─StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+                  │         └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+                  │           └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+                  └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
+                    └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+                      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(r_regionkey) }
+                      │ └─StreamShare { id: 3 }
+                      │   └─StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
+                      │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+                      │       └─StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] }
+                      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_regionkey) }
+                        └─StreamShare { id: 7 }
+                          └─StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
+                            └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), r_regionkey(hidden), _row_id#2(hidden), _row_id#3(hidden), _row_id#4(hidden), ps_suppkey(hidden), n_nationkey(hidden), ps_supplycost(hidden), p_partkey#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, p_partkey, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_columns: [s_acctbal, n_name, s_name, p_partkey, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, min(ps_supplycost)] }
-            └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] } { intermediate state table: 26, state tables: [ 25 ], distinct tables: [] }
-                └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, s_nationkey] } { left table: 27, right table: 29, left degree table: 28, right degree table: 30 }
-                    ├── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [p_partkey] } { state table: 31 }
-                    │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 15
-                    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 16
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+    StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM p_partkey AND ps_supplycost = min(ps_supplycost), output: [s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, min(ps_supplycost)] }
+        └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [p_partkey], aggs: [min(ps_supplycost), count] } { intermediate state table: 26, state tables: [ 25 ], distinct tables: [] }
+            └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: p_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, s_nationkey] } { left table: 27, right table: 29, left degree table: 28, right degree table: 30 }
+                ├── StreamAppendOnlyDedup { dedup_cols: [p_partkey] } { state table: 31 }
+                │   └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 16
+                └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 17
 
     Fragment 2
-    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([5]) from 8
+    StreamNoOp
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
     Fragment 3
-    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] } { left table: 8, right table: 10, left degree table: 9, right degree table: 11 }
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: n_nationkey = s_nationkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
     ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 6
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([5]) from 9
 
     Fragment 4
-    StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 5
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, n_name, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] } { left table: 8, right table: 10, left degree table: 9, right degree table: 11 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 7
 
     Fragment 5
+    StreamNoOp
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 6
+
+    Fragment 6
     StreamProject { exprs: [r_regionkey, _row_id] }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
         └── StreamSource { source: region, columns: [r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 12 }
 
-    Fragment 6
+    Fragment 7
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 7
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 8
 
-    Fragment 7
+    Fragment 8
     StreamProject { exprs: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, _row_id] }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
         └── StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 13 }
 
-    Fragment 8
+    Fragment 9
     StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_supplycost, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 9
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 13
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 10
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 14
 
-    Fragment 9
+    Fragment 10
     StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: p_partkey = ps_partkey, output: [p_partkey, p_mfgr, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id] } { left table: 18, right table: 20, left degree table: 19, right degree table: 21 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 10
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 11
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 12
 
-    Fragment 10
+    Fragment 11
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
     └── StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 22 }
 
-    Fragment 11
+    Fragment 12
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 12
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 13
 
-    Fragment 12
+    Fragment 13
     StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id] }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
         └── StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 23 }
 
-    Fragment 13
+    Fragment 14
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 14
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 15
 
-    Fragment 14
+    Fragment 15
     StreamProject { exprs: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
         └── StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 24 }
 
-    Fragment 15
+    Fragment 16
     StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey] }
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 2
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 3
 
-    Fragment 16
+    Fragment 17
     StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, _row_id, _row_id, ps_suppkey, s_nationkey, _row_id, _row_id, r_regionkey] } { left table: 32, right table: 34, left degree table: 33, right degree table: 35 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 17
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 20
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 18
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 21
 
-    Fragment 17
+    Fragment 18
     StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ps_suppkey = s_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_supplycost, s_nationkey, _row_id, ps_suppkey, _row_id] } { left table: 36, right table: 38, left degree table: 37, right degree table: 39 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 18
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 19
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([1]) from 19
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 20
 
-    Fragment 18
+    Fragment 19
     StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(ps_partkey) }
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 12
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 13
 
-    Fragment 19
+    Fragment 20
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 14
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 15
 
-    Fragment 20
+    Fragment 21
     StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: r_regionkey = n_regionkey, output: [n_nationkey, _row_id, r_regionkey, _row_id] } { left table: 40, right table: 42, left degree table: 41, right degree table: 43 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 21
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 22
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 22
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2]) from 23
 
-    Fragment 21
+    Fragment 22
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 5
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 6
 
-    Fragment 22
+    Fragment 23
     StreamNoOp
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 7
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 8
 
     Table 0 { columns: [ p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_name, s_address, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, ps_supplycost, n_name, _row_id, _row_id_0, r_regionkey, n_nationkey, _row_id_1, _row_id_2, _row_id_3, ps_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $7 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC, $12 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 2 }
 
@@ -540,7 +544,7 @@
 
     Table 43 { columns: [ n_regionkey, _row_id, _degree ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $1 ASC ], value indices: [ 2 ], distribution key: [ 0 ], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3 ], read pk prefix len hint: 13 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_acctbal, s_name, n_name, p_partkey, p_mfgr, s_address, s_phone, s_comment, _row_id, _row_id#1, r_regionkey, _row_id#2, _row_id#3, _row_id#4, ps_suppkey, n_nationkey, ps_supplycost, p_partkey#1 ], primary key: [ $0 DESC, $2 ASC, $1 ASC, $3 ASC, $8 ASC, $9 ASC, $10 ASC, $11 ASC, $12 ASC, $13 ASC, $14 ASC, $15 ASC, $16 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], distribution key: [ 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ], read pk prefix len hint: 13 }
 
 - id: tpch_q5
   before:
@@ -1797,76 +1801,80 @@
                         └─BatchSource { source: lineitem, columns: [l_orderkey, l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_linenumber, l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, l_tax, l_returnflag, l_linestatus, l_shipdate, l_commitdate, l_receiptdate, l_shipinstruct, l_shipmode, l_comment, _row_id], filter: (None, None) }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), s_nationkey(hidden), s_suppkey(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey], pk_columns: [s_name, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
-    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: s_suppkey = ps_suppkey, output: [s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id, s_nationkey, s_suppkey] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
-      │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, _row_id, s_nationkey, _row_id] }
-      │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
-      │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
-      │   │   └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
-      │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
-      │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
-      │       └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
-          └─StreamFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2) }
-            └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_suppkey, output: all }
-              ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey, ps_suppkey) }
-              │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty::Decimal as $expr1, _row_id] }
-              │   └─StreamShare { id: 13 }
-              │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: ps_partkey = p_partkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, _row_id] }
-              │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
-              │       │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-              │       │   └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
-              │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-              │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, _row_id] }
-              │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
-              │             └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
-              └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
-                └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [sum(l_quantity), count] }
-                  └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
-                    ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey, ps_suppkey) }
-                    │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
-                    │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [count] }
-                    │     └─StreamShare { id: 13 }
-                    │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: ps_partkey = p_partkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, _row_id] }
-                    │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
-                    │         │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
-                    │         │   └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
-                    │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
-                    │           └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, _row_id] }
-                    │             └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
-                    │               └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
-                    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(l_partkey, l_suppkey) }
-                      └─StreamProject { exprs: [l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
-                        └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(l_partkey) AND IsNotNull(l_suppkey) }
-                          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 16 }
-                            └─StreamSource { source: lineitem, columns: [l_orderkey, l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_linenumber, l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, l_tax, l_returnflag, l_linestatus, l_shipdate, l_commitdate, l_receiptdate, l_shipinstruct, l_shipmode, l_comment, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(_row_id, _row_id, s_nationkey, s_suppkey) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: s_suppkey = ps_suppkey, output: [s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id, s_nationkey, s_suppkey] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_suppkey) }
+        │ └─StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, _row_id, s_nationkey, _row_id] }
+        │   ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(s_nationkey) }
+        │   │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
+        │   │   └─StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] }
+        │   └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(n_nationkey) }
+        │     └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
+        │       └─StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_suppkey) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
+            └─StreamFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2) }
+              └─StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_suppkey, output: all }
+                ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey, ps_suppkey) }
+                │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty::Decimal as $expr1, _row_id] }
+                │   └─StreamShare { id: 13 }
+                │     └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: ps_partkey = p_partkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, _row_id] }
+                │       ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
+                │       │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                │       │   └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
+                │       └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+                │         └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, _row_id] }
+                │           └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
+                │             └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
+                └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
+                  └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [sum(l_quantity), count] }
+                    └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
+                      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey, ps_suppkey) }
+                      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
+                      │   └─StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [count] }
+                      │     └─StreamShare { id: 13 }
+                      │       └─StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: ps_partkey = p_partkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, _row_id] }
+                      │         ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ps_partkey) }
+                      │         │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
+                      │         │   └─StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] }
+                      │         └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(p_partkey) }
+                      │           └─StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, _row_id] }
+                      │             └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
+                      │               └─StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] }
+                      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(l_partkey, l_suppkey) }
+                        └─StreamProject { exprs: [l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
+                          └─StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(l_partkey) AND IsNotNull(l_suppkey) }
+                            └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 16 }
+                              └─StreamSource { source: lineitem, columns: [l_orderkey, l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_linenumber, l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, l_tax, l_returnflag, l_linestatus, l_shipdate, l_commitdate, l_receiptdate, l_shipinstruct, l_shipmode, l_comment, _row_id] }
   stream_dist_plan: |+
     Fragment 0
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [s_name, s_address, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden), s_nationkey(hidden), s_suppkey(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey], pk_columns: [s_name, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey], pk_conflict: NoCheck }
     ├── materialized table: 4294967294
-    └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: s_suppkey = ps_suppkey, output: [s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id, s_nationkey, s_suppkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
-        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 1
-        └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([2, 3, 4, 5]) from 1
 
     Fragment 1
-    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, _row_id, s_nationkey, _row_id] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 2
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 3
+    StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: s_suppkey = ps_suppkey, output: [s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id, s_nationkey, s_suppkey] } { left table: 0, right table: 2, left degree table: 1, right degree table: 3 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 2
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 5
 
     Fragment 2
+    StreamHashJoin [append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: s_nationkey = n_nationkey, output: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, _row_id, s_nationkey, _row_id] } { left table: 4, right table: 6, left degree table: 5, right degree table: 7 }
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([3]) from 3
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 4
+
+    Fragment 3
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 7 }
     └── StreamSource { source: supplier, columns: [s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 8 }
 
-    Fragment 3
+    Fragment 4
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 4 }
     └── StreamSource { source: nation, columns: [n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 9 }
 
-    Fragment 4
+    Fragment 5
     StreamProject { exprs: [ps_suppkey, _row_id, ps_partkey, ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: ($expr1 > $expr2) }
         └── StreamHashJoin { type: Inner, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ps_suppkey, output: all } { left table: 10, right table: 12, left degree table: 11, right degree table: 13 }
-            ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 5
+            ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 6
             └── StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, (0.5:Decimal * sum(l_quantity)) as $expr2] }
                 └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [sum(l_quantity), count] } { intermediate state table: 20, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
                     └── StreamHashJoin { type: LeftOuter, predicate: ps_partkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_partkey AND ps_suppkey IS NOT DISTINCT FROM l_suppkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
@@ -1874,33 +1882,33 @@
                         ├── right table: 23
                         ├── left degree table: 22
                         ├── right degree table: 24
-                        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 9
-                        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 10
+                        ├── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 10
+                        └── StreamExchange Hash([0, 1]) from 11
 
-    Fragment 5
+    Fragment 6
     StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty::Decimal as $expr1, _row_id] }
-    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 6
+    └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 7
 
-    Fragment 6
+    Fragment 7
     StreamHashJoin { type: LeftSemi, predicate: ps_partkey = p_partkey, output: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, _row_id] } { left table: 14, right table: 16, left degree table: 15, right degree table: 17 }
-    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 7
-    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
+    ├── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 8
+    └── StreamExchange Hash([0]) from 9
 
-    Fragment 7
+    Fragment 8
     StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 5 }
     └── StreamSource { source: partsupp, columns: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 18 }
 
-    Fragment 8
+    Fragment 9
     StreamProject { exprs: [p_partkey, _row_id] }
     └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 9 }
         └── StreamSource { source: part, columns: [p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment, _row_id] } { source state table: 19 }
 
-    Fragment 9
+    Fragment 10
     StreamProject { exprs: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey] }
     └── StreamHashAgg { group_key: [ps_partkey, ps_suppkey], aggs: [count] } { intermediate state table: 25, state tables: [], distinct tables: [] }
-        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 6
+        └── StreamExchange NoShuffle from 7
 
-    Fragment 10
+    Fragment 11
     StreamProject { exprs: [l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_quantity, _row_id] }
     └── StreamFilter { predicate: IsNotNull(l_partkey) AND IsNotNull(l_suppkey) }
         └── StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 16 }
@@ -1961,7 +1969,7 @@
 
     Table 26 { columns: [ partition_id, offset_info ], primary key: [ $0 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1 ], distribution key: [], read pk prefix len hint: 1 }
 
-    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
+    Table 4294967294 { columns: [ s_name, s_address, _row_id, _row_id#1, s_nationkey, s_suppkey ], primary key: [ $0 ASC, $2 ASC, $3 ASC, $4 ASC, $5 ASC ], value indices: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], distribution key: [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ], read pk prefix len hint: 5 }
 
 - id: tpch_q21
   before:
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
index e4ef42b121528..d57d41fa76bc3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/watermark.yaml
@@ -79,11 +79,12 @@
     select t1.ts as t1_ts, t2.ts as ts2, t1.v1 as t1_v1, t1.v2 as t1_v2, t2.v1 as t2_v1, t2.v2 as t2_v2 from t1, t2 where t1.ts = t2.ts;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_ts, ts2, t1_v1, t1_v2, t2_v1, t2_v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_ts], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_ts], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [t1_ts, ts2] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.ts = t2.ts, output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t2.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.ts) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.ts = t2.ts, output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t2.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.ts) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: left semi window join
   sql: |
     create table t1 (ts timestamp with time zone, v1 int, v2 int, watermark for ts as ts - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) append only;
@@ -91,11 +92,12 @@
     select t1.ts as t1_ts, t1.v1 as t1_v1, t1.v2 as t1_v2 from t1 where exists (select * from t2 where t1.ts = t2.ts);
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_ts, t1_v1, t1_v2, t1._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t1_ts], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t1_ts], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [t1_ts] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [window] { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.ts = t2.ts, output_watermarks: [t1.ts], output: all }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts) }
-      │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.ts) }
-        └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts, t1._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [window] { type: LeftSemi, predicate: t1.ts = t2.ts, output_watermarks: [t1.ts], output: all }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.ts) }
+        │ └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.ts) }
+          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: interval join(left outer join)
   sql: |
     create table t1 (ts timestamp with time zone, v1 int, v2 int, watermark for ts as ts - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) append only;
@@ -108,13 +110,14 @@
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_ts, t1_v1, t1_v2, t2_ts, t2_v1, t2_v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [t1_ts, t2_ts] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1 AND (t1.ts >= $expr2) AND ($expr1 <= t2.ts), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: (t1.ts >= $expr2), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= t2.ts), output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t1.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, t1._row_id], output_watermarks: [t1.ts, $expr1] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t2.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2, t2._row_id], output_watermarks: [t2.ts, $expr2] }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [interval] { type: LeftOuter, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1 AND (t1.ts >= $expr2) AND ($expr1 <= t2.ts), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: (t1.ts >= $expr2), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= t2.ts), output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t1.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, t1._row_id], output_watermarks: [t1.ts, $expr1] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t2.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2, t2._row_id], output_watermarks: [t2.ts, $expr2] }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: interval join (inner join)
   sql: |
     create table t1 (ts timestamp with time zone, v1 int, v2 int, watermark for ts as ts - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) append only;
@@ -127,13 +130,14 @@
       └─LogicalScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id] }
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [t1_ts, t1_v1, t1_v2, t2_ts, t2_v1, t2_v2, t1._row_id(hidden), t2._row_id(hidden)], stream_key: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1], pk_columns: [t1._row_id, t2._row_id, t1_v1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [t1_ts, t2_ts] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [interval, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1 AND (t1.ts >= $expr2) AND ($expr1 <= t2.ts), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: (t1.ts >= $expr2), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= t2.ts), output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
-      │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t1.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, t1._row_id], output_watermarks: [t1.ts, $expr1] }
-      │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
-        └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t2.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2, t2._row_id], output_watermarks: [t2.ts, $expr2] }
-          └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1, t1._row_id, t2._row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [interval, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: t1.v1 = t2.v1 AND (t1.ts >= $expr2) AND ($expr1 <= t2.ts), conditions_to_clean_left_state_table: (t1.ts >= $expr2), conditions_to_clean_right_state_table: ($expr1 <= t2.ts), output_watermarks: [t1.ts, t2.ts], output: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t1._row_id, t2._row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t1.v1) }
+        │ └─StreamProject { exprs: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t1.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr1, t1._row_id], output_watermarks: [t1.ts, $expr1] }
+        │   └─StreamTableScan { table: t1, columns: [t1.ts, t1.v1, t1.v2, t1._row_id], pk: [t1._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t1._row_id) }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(t2.v1) }
+          └─StreamProject { exprs: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, AddWithTimeZone(t2.ts, '00:00:01':Interval, 'UTC':Varchar) as $expr2, t2._row_id], output_watermarks: [t2.ts, $expr2] }
+            └─StreamTableScan { table: t2, columns: [t2.ts, t2.v1, t2.v2, t2._row_id], pk: [t2._row_id], dist: UpstreamHashShard(t2._row_id) }
 - name: union all
   sql: |
     create table t1 (ts timestamp with time zone, v1 int, v2 int, watermark for ts as ts - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) append only;
diff --git a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/window_join.yaml b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/window_join.yaml
index 4113a6021e866..17c5e76f6e806 100644
--- a/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/window_join.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend/planner_test/tests/testdata/output/window_join.yaml
@@ -12,15 +12,16 @@
     select * from t1, t2 where ts1 = ts2 and a1 = a2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, ts1, a1], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, ts1, a1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [ts1, ts2] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ts1 = ts2 AND a1 = a2, output_watermarks: [ts1, ts2], output: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-      │   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts1, expr: (ts1 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts1] }
-      │     └─StreamSource { source: t1, columns: [ts1, a1, b1, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts2, a2) }
-        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts2, expr: (ts2 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts2] }
-            └─StreamSource { source: t2, columns: [ts2, a2, b2, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ts1 = ts2 AND a1 = a2, output_watermarks: [ts1, ts2], output: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+        │   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts1, expr: (ts1 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts1] }
+        │     └─StreamSource { source: t1, columns: [ts1, a1, b1, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts2, a2) }
+          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+            └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts2, expr: (ts2 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts2] }
+              └─StreamSource { source: t2, columns: [ts2, a2, b2, _row_id] }
 - name: Window join expression reorder
   sql: |
     create source t1 (ts1 timestamp with time zone, a1 int, b1 int, watermark for ts1 as ts1 - INTERVAL '1' SECOND) with (
@@ -34,12 +35,13 @@
     select * from t1, t2 where a1 = a2 and ts1 = ts2;
   stream_plan: |-
     StreamMaterialize { columns: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id(hidden), _row_id#1(hidden)], stream_key: [_row_id, _row_id#1, a1, ts1], pk_columns: [_row_id, _row_id#1, a1, ts1], pk_conflict: NoCheck, watermark_columns: [ts1, ts2] }
-    └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ts1 = ts2 AND a1 = a2, output_watermarks: [ts1, ts2], output: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id, _row_id] }
-      ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1) }
-      │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-      │   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts1, expr: (ts1 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts1] }
-      │     └─StreamSource { source: t1, columns: [ts1, a1, b1, _row_id] }
-      └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts2, a2) }
-        └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
-          └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts2, expr: (ts2 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts2] }
-            └─StreamSource { source: t2, columns: [ts2, a2, b2, _row_id] }
+    └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1, _row_id, _row_id) }
+      └─StreamHashJoin [window, append_only] { type: Inner, predicate: ts1 = ts2 AND a1 = a2, output_watermarks: [ts1, ts2], output: [ts1, a1, b1, ts2, a2, b2, _row_id, _row_id] }
+        ├─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts1, a1) }
+        │ └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+        │   └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts1, expr: (ts1 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts1] }
+        │     └─StreamSource { source: t1, columns: [ts1, a1, b1, _row_id] }
+        └─StreamExchange { dist: HashShard(ts2, a2) }
+          └─StreamRowIdGen { row_id_index: 3 }
+            └─StreamWatermarkFilter { watermark_descs: [Desc { column: ts2, expr: (ts2 - '00:00:01':Interval) }], output_watermarks: [ts2] }
+              └─StreamSource { source: t2, columns: [ts2, a2, b2, _row_id] }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
index d8972436d5c78..9c87f1a34abbd 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/stream_materialize.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,22 @@ impl StreamMaterialize {
                 TableType::MaterializedView => {
                     assert_matches!(user_distributed_by, RequiredDist::Any);
                     // ensure the same pk will not shuffle to different node
-                    RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.expect_stream_key())
+                    let required_dist =
+                        RequiredDist::shard_by_key(input.schema().len(), input.expect_stream_key());
+
+                    // If the input is a stream join, enforce the stream key as the materialized
+                    // view distribution key to avoid slow backfilling caused by
+                    // data skew of the dimension table join key.
+                    // See <https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/issues/12824> for more information.
+                    let is_stream_join = matches!(input.as_stream_hash_join(), Some(_join))
+                        || matches!(input.as_stream_temporal_join(), Some(_join))
+                        || matches!(input.as_stream_delta_join(), Some(_join));
+
+                    if is_stream_join {
+                        return Ok(required_dist.enforce(input, &Order::any()));
+                    }
+
+                    required_dist
                 }
                 TableType::Index => {
                     assert_matches!(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
index b6e7715dd155f..2df1d7ae00bc3 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/optimizer/property/distribution.rs
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ impl RequiredDist {
         }
     }
 
-    fn enforce(&self, plan: PlanRef, required_order: &Order) -> PlanRef {
+    pub fn enforce(&self, plan: PlanRef, required_order: &Order) -> PlanRef {
         let dist = self.to_dist();
         match plan.convention() {
             Convention::Batch => BatchExchange::new(plan, required_order.clone(), dist).into(),
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/cascade_materialized_view.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/cascade_materialized_view.rs
index c05e52c927424..776692b2fab90 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/cascade_materialized_view.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/cascade_materialized_view.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const ROOT_TABLE_CREATE: &str = "create table t1 (v1 int);";
 const MV1: &str = "create materialized view m1 as select * from t1 where v1 > 5;";
 const MV2: &str = "create materialized view m2 as select * from t1 where v1 > 10;";
 const MV3: &str = "create materialized view m3 as select * from m2 where v1 < 15;";
-const MV4: &str = "create materialized view m4 as select m1.v1 as m1v, m3.v1 as m3v from m1 join m3 on m1.v1 = m3.v1;";
+const MV4: &str = "create materialized view m4 as select m1.v1 as m1v, m3.v1 as m3v from m1 join m3 on m1.v1 = m3.v1 limit 100;";
 const MV5: &str = "create materialized view m5 as select * from m4;";
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ async fn test_simple_cascade_materialized_view() -> Result<()> {
         .locate_one_fragment([
             identity_contains("materialize"),
             no_identity_contains("chain"),
+            no_identity_contains("topn"),
             no_identity_contains("hashjoin"),
         ])
         .await?;
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ async fn test_diamond_cascade_materialized_view() -> Result<()> {
         .locate_one_fragment([
             identity_contains("materialize"),
             no_identity_contains("chain"),
+            no_identity_contains("topn"),
             no_identity_contains("hashjoin"),
         ])
         .await?;
diff --git a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/plan.rs b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/plan.rs
index c7244dc826b42..8b62a58998a3f 100644
--- a/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/plan.rs
+++ b/src/tests/simulation/tests/integration_tests/scale/plan.rs
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ async fn test_resize_normal() -> Result<()> {
         .await?;
 
     let join_fragment = cluster
-        .locate_one_fragment([
-            identity_contains("hashJoin"),
-            identity_contains("materialize"),
-        ])
+        .locate_one_fragment([identity_contains("hashJoin")])
         .await?;
 
     let join_fragment_id = join_fragment.inner.fragment_id;
@@ -270,7 +267,7 @@ async fn test_resize_no_shuffle() -> Result<()> {
     session
         .run(
             "create materialized view mv7 as select mv1.v as mv1v, mv5.v as mv5v from mv1
-join mv5 on mv1.v = mv5.v;",
+join mv5 on mv1.v = mv5.v limit 1;",
         )
         .await?;
 
@@ -316,6 +313,7 @@ join mv5 on mv1.v = mv5.v;",
     let top_materialize_fragment = cluster
         .locate_one_fragment([
             identity_contains("materialize"),
+            no_identity_contains("topn"),
             no_identity_contains("chain"),
             no_identity_contains("hashJoin"),
         ])

From 210ae713af70b83fa5b051cfda59ead43e90db73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xinhao Xu <84456268+xxhZs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:30:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 427/430] feat(sink): use 'create sink ... format ... encode'
 to create redis sink (#13003)

---
 integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql |  10 +-
 proto/plan_common.proto                      |   1 +
 src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs        |   3 +
 src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs   |  22 +++
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs      | 156 ++++++++++---------
 src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs              | 149 +++++++++---------
 src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs      |   6 +
 src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs           |  13 +-
 8 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
index 03bfc2d0b0df1..2ba9ba67feb39 100644
--- a/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
+++ b/integration_tests/redis-sink/create_sink.sql
@@ -3,19 +3,13 @@ FROM
     bhv_mv WITH (
     primary_key = 'user_id',
     connector = 'redis',
-    type = 'append-only',
-    force_append_only='true',
     redis.url= 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/',
-);
+)FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON(force_append_only='true');
 
 CREATE SINK bhv_redis_sink_2
 FROM
     bhv_mv WITH (
     primary_key = 'user_id',
     connector = 'redis',
-    type = 'append-only',
-    force_append_only='true',
     redis.url= 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/',
-    redis.keyformat='user_id:{user_id}',
-    redis.valueformat='username:{username},event_timestamp{event_timestamp}'
-);
\ No newline at end of file
+)FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE TEMPLATE(force_append_only='true', key_format = 'UserID:{user_id}', value_format = 'TargetID:{target_id},EventTimestamp{event_timestamp}');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/plan_common.proto b/proto/plan_common.proto
index a88242a572693..d4c7a2e04f138 100644
--- a/proto/plan_common.proto
+++ b/proto/plan_common.proto
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ enum EncodeType {
   ENCODE_TYPE_PROTOBUF = 4;
   ENCODE_TYPE_JSON = 5;
   ENCODE_TYPE_BYTES = 6;
+  ENCODE_TYPE_TEMPLATE = 7;
 }
 
 enum RowFormatType {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
index c18dd7d10a92c..ca3a09e7f2eda 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ pub enum SinkEncode {
     Json,
     Protobuf,
     Avro,
+    Template,
 }
 
 impl SinkFormatDesc {
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@ impl SinkFormatDesc {
             SinkEncode::Json => E::Json,
             SinkEncode::Protobuf => E::Protobuf,
             SinkEncode::Avro => E::Avro,
+            SinkEncode::Template => E::Template,
         };
         let options = self
             .options
@@ -212,6 +214,7 @@ impl TryFrom<PbSinkFormatDesc> for SinkFormatDesc {
         let encode = match value.encode() {
             E::Json => SinkEncode::Json,
             E::Protobuf => SinkEncode::Protobuf,
+            E::Template => SinkEncode::Template,
             E::Avro => SinkEncode::Avro,
             e @ (E::Unspecified | E::Native | E::Csv | E::Bytes) => {
                 return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs
index 85f085989b6c4..97d8271f9e83a 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/encoder/template.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use regex::Regex;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use risingwave_common::row::Row;
 use risingwave_common::types::ToText;
 
 use super::{Result, RowEncoder};
+use crate::sink::SinkError;
 
 /// Encode a row according to a specified string template `user_id:{user_id}`
 pub struct TemplateEncoder {
@@ -34,6 +38,24 @@ impl TemplateEncoder {
             template,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn check_string_format(format: &str, set: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<()> {
+        // We will check if the string inside {} corresponds to a column name in rw.
+        // In other words, the content within {} should exclusively consist of column names from rw,
+        // which means '{{column_name}}' or '{{column_name1},{column_name2}}' would be incorrect.
+        let re = Regex::new(r"\{([^}]*)\}").unwrap();
+        if !re.is_match(format) {
+            return Err(SinkError::Redis(
+                "Can't find {} in key_format or value_format".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        for capture in re.captures_iter(format) {
+            if let Some(inner_content) = capture.get(1) && !set.contains(inner_content.as_str()){
+                    return Err(SinkError::Redis(format!("Can't find field({:?}) in key_format or value_format",inner_content.as_str())))
+                }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl RowEncoder for TemplateEncoder {
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
index a7463f7e3b306..17cb708292890 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub use upsert::UpsertFormatter;
 use super::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat, SinkFormatDesc};
 use super::encoder::template::TemplateEncoder;
 use super::encoder::KafkaConnectParams;
+use super::redis::{KEY_FORMAT, VALUE_FORMAT};
 use crate::sink::encoder::{JsonEncoder, ProtoEncoder, TimestampHandlingMode};
 
 /// Transforms a `StreamChunk` into a sequence of key-value pairs according a specific format,
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                 let key_encoder = (!pk_indices.is_empty()).then(|| {
                     JsonEncoder::new(
                         schema.clone(),
-                        Some(pk_indices),
+                        Some(pk_indices.clone()),
                         TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
                     )
                 });
@@ -115,6 +116,28 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                         Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyProto(formatter))
                     }
                     SinkEncode::Avro => err_unsupported(),
+                    SinkEncode::Template => {
+                        let key_format = format_desc.options.get(KEY_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                "Cannot find 'key_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                            ))
+                        })?;
+                        let value_format =
+                            format_desc.options.get(VALUE_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                                SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                    "Cannot find 'redis_value_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                                ))
+                            })?;
+                        let key_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(
+                            schema.clone(),
+                            Some(pk_indices),
+                            key_format.clone(),
+                        );
+                        let val_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(schema, None, value_format.clone());
+                        Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyTemplate(
+                            AppendOnlyFormatter::new(Some(key_encoder), val_encoder),
+                        ))
+                    }
                 }
             }
             SinkFormat::Debezium => {
@@ -131,85 +154,66 @@ impl SinkFormatterImpl {
                 )))
             }
             SinkFormat::Upsert => {
-                if format_desc.encode != SinkEncode::Json {
-                    return err_unsupported();
-                }
+                match format_desc.encode {
+                    SinkEncode::Json => {
+                        let mut key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
+                            schema.clone(),
+                            Some(pk_indices),
+                            TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
+                        );
+                        let mut val_encoder =
+                            JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
 
-                let mut key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    Some(pk_indices),
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                );
-                let mut val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(schema, None, TimestampHandlingMode::Milli);
-
-                if let Some(s) = format_desc.options.get("schemas.enable") {
-                    match s.to_lowercase().parse::<bool>() {
-                        Ok(true) => {
-                            let kafka_connect = KafkaConnectParams {
-                                schema_name: format!("{}.{}", db_name, sink_from_name),
-                            };
-                            key_encoder = key_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect.clone());
-                            val_encoder = val_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect);
-                        }
-                        Ok(false) => {}
-                        _ => {
-                            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                                "schemas.enable is expected to be `true` or `false`, got {}",
-                                s
-                            )));
-                        }
+                        if let Some(s) = format_desc.options.get("schemas.enable") {
+                            match s.to_lowercase().parse::<bool>() {
+                                Ok(true) => {
+                                    let kafka_connect = KafkaConnectParams {
+                                        schema_name: format!("{}.{}", db_name, sink_from_name),
+                                    };
+                                    key_encoder =
+                                        key_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect.clone());
+                                    val_encoder = val_encoder.with_kafka_connect(kafka_connect);
+                                }
+                                Ok(false) => {}
+                                _ => {
+                                    return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                        "schemas.enable is expected to be `true` or `false`, got {}",
+                                        s
+                                    )));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // Initialize the upsert_stream
+                        let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
+                        Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(formatter))
                     }
-                };
-
-                // Initialize the upsert_stream
-                let formatter = UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder);
-                Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(formatter))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_with_redis(
-        schema: Schema,
-        pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
-        key_format: Option<String>,
-        value_format: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        match (key_format, value_format) {
-            (Some(k), Some(v)) => {
-                let key_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    Some(pk_indices),
-                    k,
-                );
-                let val_encoder =
-                    TemplateEncoder::new(schema, None, v);
-                if is_append_only {
-                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyTemplate(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(Some(key_encoder), val_encoder)))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertTemplate(UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder)))
-                }
-            }
-            (None, None) => {
-                let key_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                    schema.clone(),
-                    Some(pk_indices),
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                );
-                let val_encoder = JsonEncoder::new(
-                    schema,
-                    None,
-                    TimestampHandlingMode::Milli,
-                );
-                if is_append_only {
-                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::AppendOnlyJson(AppendOnlyFormatter::new(Some(key_encoder), val_encoder)))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertJson(UpsertFormatter::new(key_encoder, val_encoder)))
+                    SinkEncode::Template => {
+                        let key_format = format_desc.options.get(KEY_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                            SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                "Cannot find 'key_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                            ))
+                        })?;
+                        let value_format =
+                            format_desc.options.get(VALUE_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                                SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                                    "Cannot find 'redis_value_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                                ))
+                            })?;
+                        let key_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(
+                            schema.clone(),
+                            Some(pk_indices),
+                            key_format.clone(),
+                        );
+                        let val_encoder = TemplateEncoder::new(schema, None, value_format.clone());
+                        Ok(SinkFormatterImpl::UpsertTemplate(UpsertFormatter::new(
+                            key_encoder,
+                            val_encoder,
+                        )))
+                    }
+                    _ => err_unsupported(),
                 }
             }
-            _ => {
-                Err(SinkError::Encode("Please provide template formats for both key and value, or choose the JSON format.".to_string()))
-            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
index cc8ff74d0c9c5..6120075a049df 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs
@@ -18,29 +18,27 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use redis::aio::Connection;
 use redis::{Client as RedisClient, Pipeline};
-use regex::Regex;
 use risingwave_common::array::StreamChunk;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::Schema;
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 
+use super::catalog::SinkFormatDesc;
+use super::encoder::template::TemplateEncoder;
 use super::formatter::SinkFormatterImpl;
 use super::writer::FormattedSink;
-use super::{SinkError, SinkParam, SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY, SINK_TYPE_OPTION, SINK_TYPE_UPSERT};
+use super::{SinkError, SinkParam};
 use crate::dispatch_sink_formatter_impl;
 use crate::sink::writer::{LogSinkerOf, SinkWriterExt};
 use crate::sink::{DummySinkCommitCoordinator, Result, Sink, SinkWriter, SinkWriterParam};
 
 pub const REDIS_SINK: &str = "redis";
-
+pub const KEY_FORMAT: &str = "key_format";
+pub const VALUE_FORMAT: &str = "value_format";
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RedisCommon {
     #[serde(rename = "redis.url")]
     pub url: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "redis.keyformat")]
-    pub key_format: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "redis.valueformat")]
-    pub value_format: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl RedisCommon {
@@ -54,23 +52,13 @@ impl RedisCommon {
 pub struct RedisConfig {
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub common: RedisCommon,
-
-    pub r#type: String, // accept "append-only" or "upsert"
 }
 
 impl RedisConfig {
     pub fn from_hashmap(properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Self> {
         let config =
             serde_json::from_value::<RedisConfig>(serde_json::to_value(properties).unwrap())
-                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!(e)))?;
-        if config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY && config.r#type != SINK_TYPE_UPSERT {
-            return Err(SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
-                "`{}` must be {}, or {}",
-                SINK_TYPE_OPTION,
-                SINK_TYPE_APPEND_ONLY,
-                SINK_TYPE_UPSERT
-            )));
-        }
+                .map_err(|e| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("{:?}", e)))?;
         Ok(config)
     }
 }
@@ -79,28 +67,10 @@ impl RedisConfig {
 pub struct RedisSink {
     config: RedisConfig,
     schema: Schema,
-    is_append_only: bool,
     pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-}
-
-fn check_string_format(format: &Option<String>, set: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(format) = format {
-        // We will check if the string inside {} corresponds to a column name in rw.
-        // In other words, the content within {} should exclusively consist of column names from rw,
-        // which means '{{column_name}}' or '{{column_name1},{column_name2}}' would be incorrect.
-        let re = Regex::new(r"\{([^}]*)\}").unwrap();
-        if !re.is_match(format) {
-            return Err(SinkError::Redis(
-                "Can't find {} in key_format or value_format".to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
-        for capture in re.captures_iter(format) {
-            if let Some(inner_content) = capture.get(1) && !set.contains(inner_content.as_str()){
-                return Err(SinkError::Redis(format!("Can't find field({:?}) in key_format or value_format",inner_content.as_str())))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
+    format_desc: SinkFormatDesc,
+    db_name: String,
+    sink_from_name: String,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -117,8 +87,12 @@ impl TryFrom<SinkParam> for RedisSink {
         Ok(Self {
             config,
             schema: param.schema(),
-            is_append_only: param.sink_type.is_append_only(),
             pk_indices: param.downstream_pk,
+            format_desc: param
+                .format_desc
+                .ok_or_else(|| SinkError::Config(anyhow!("missing FORMAT ... ENCODE ...")))?,
+            db_name: param.db_name,
+            sink_from_name: param.sink_from_name,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -134,7 +108,9 @@ impl Sink for RedisSink {
             self.config.clone(),
             self.schema.clone(),
             self.pk_indices.clone(),
-            self.is_append_only,
+            &self.format_desc,
+            self.db_name.clone(),
+            self.sink_from_name.clone(),
         )
         .await?
         .into_log_sinker(writer_param.sink_metrics))
@@ -157,8 +133,23 @@ impl Sink for RedisSink {
             .filter(|(k, _)| self.pk_indices.contains(k))
             .map(|(_, v)| v.name.clone())
             .collect();
-        check_string_format(&self.config.common.key_format, &pk_set)?;
-        check_string_format(&self.config.common.value_format, &all_set)?;
+        if matches!(
+            self.format_desc.encode,
+            super::catalog::SinkEncode::Template
+        ) {
+            let key_format = self.format_desc.options.get(KEY_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "Cannot find 'key_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                ))
+            })?;
+            let value_format = self.format_desc.options.get(VALUE_FORMAT).ok_or_else(|| {
+                SinkError::Config(anyhow!(
+                    "Cannot find 'value_format',please set it or use JSON"
+                ))
+            })?;
+            TemplateEncoder::check_string_format(key_format, &pk_set)?;
+            TemplateEncoder::check_string_format(value_format, &all_set)?;
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -166,7 +157,6 @@ impl Sink for RedisSink {
 pub struct RedisSinkWriter {
     epoch: u64,
     schema: Schema,
-    is_append_only: bool,
     pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
     formatter: SinkFormatterImpl,
     payload_writer: RedisSinkPayloadWriter,
@@ -220,21 +210,23 @@ impl RedisSinkWriter {
         config: RedisConfig,
         schema: Schema,
         pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
+        format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
+        db_name: String,
+        sink_from_name: String,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let payload_writer = RedisSinkPayloadWriter::new(config.clone()).await?;
-        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new_with_redis(
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            format_desc,
             schema.clone(),
             pk_indices.clone(),
-            is_append_only,
-            config.common.key_format,
-            config.common.value_format,
-        )?;
+            db_name,
+            sink_from_name,
+        )
+        .await?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             schema,
             pk_indices,
-            is_append_only,
             epoch: 0,
             formatter,
             payload_writer,
@@ -242,24 +234,22 @@ impl RedisSinkWriter {
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub fn mock(
+    pub async fn mock(
         schema: Schema,
         pk_indices: Vec<usize>,
-        is_append_only: bool,
-        key_format: Option<String>,
-        value_format: Option<String>,
+        format_desc: &SinkFormatDesc,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new_with_redis(
+        let formatter = SinkFormatterImpl::new(
+            format_desc,
             schema.clone(),
             pk_indices.clone(),
-            is_append_only,
-            key_format,
-            value_format,
-        )?;
+            "d1".to_string(),
+            "t1".to_string(),
+        )
+        .await?;
         Ok(Self {
             schema,
             pk_indices,
-            is_append_only,
             epoch: 0,
             formatter,
             payload_writer: RedisSinkPayloadWriter::mock(),
@@ -290,6 +280,8 @@ impl SinkWriter for RedisSinkWriter {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
     use rdkafka::message::FromBytes;
     use risingwave_common::array::{Array, I32Array, Op, StreamChunk, Utf8Array};
     use risingwave_common::catalog::{Field, Schema};
@@ -297,6 +289,7 @@ mod test {
     use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
 
     use super::*;
+    use crate::sink::catalog::{SinkEncode, SinkFormat};
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_write() {
@@ -315,8 +308,15 @@ mod test {
             },
         ]);
 
-        let mut redis_sink_writer =
-            RedisSinkWriter::mock(schema, vec![0], true, None, None).unwrap();
+        let format_desc = SinkFormatDesc {
+            format: SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+            encode: SinkEncode::Json,
+            options: BTreeMap::default(),
+        };
+
+        let mut redis_sink_writer = RedisSinkWriter::mock(schema, vec![0], &format_desc)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
 
         let chunk_a = StreamChunk::new(
             vec![Op::Insert, Op::Insert, Op::Insert],
@@ -367,14 +367,21 @@ mod test {
             },
         ]);
 
-        let mut redis_sink_writer = RedisSinkWriter::mock(
-            schema,
-            vec![0],
-            true,
-            Some("key-{id}".to_string()),
-            Some("values:{id:{id},name:{name}}".to_string()),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let mut btree_map = BTreeMap::default();
+        btree_map.insert(KEY_FORMAT.to_string(), "key-{id}".to_string());
+        btree_map.insert(
+            VALUE_FORMAT.to_string(),
+            "values:{id:{id},name:{name}}".to_string(),
+        );
+        let format_desc = SinkFormatDesc {
+            format: SinkFormat::AppendOnly,
+            encode: SinkEncode::Template,
+            options: btree_map,
+        };
+
+        let mut redis_sink_writer = RedisSinkWriter::mock(schema, vec![0], &format_desc)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
 
         let chunk_a = StreamChunk::new(
             vec![Op::Insert, Op::Insert, Op::Insert],
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
index 32279dd4e70eb..ddb1d697b856d 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ fn bind_sink_format_desc(value: SinkSchema) -> Result<SinkFormatDesc> {
         E::Json => SinkEncode::Json,
         E::Protobuf => SinkEncode::Protobuf,
         E::Avro => SinkEncode::Avro,
+        E::Template => SinkEncode::Template,
         e @ (E::Native | E::Csv | E::Bytes) => {
             return Err(ErrorCode::BindError(format!("sink encode unsupported: {e}")).into())
         }
@@ -262,6 +263,7 @@ static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, V
         use risingwave_connector::sink::kafka::KafkaSink;
         use risingwave_connector::sink::kinesis::KinesisSink;
         use risingwave_connector::sink::pulsar::PulsarSink;
+        use risingwave_connector::sink::redis::RedisSink;
         use risingwave_connector::sink::Sink as _;
 
         convert_args!(hashmap!(
@@ -280,6 +282,10 @@ static CONNECTORS_COMPATIBLE_FORMATS: LazyLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<Format, V
                     Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json],
                     Format::Debezium => vec![Encode::Json],
                 ),
+                RedisSink::SINK_NAME => hashmap!(
+                    Format::Plain => vec![Encode::Json,Encode::Template],
+                    Format::Upsert => vec![Encode::Json,Encode::Template],
+                ),
         ))
     });
 pub fn validate_compatibility(connector: &str, format_desc: &SinkSchema) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
index 76de970a919a9..58fb2d50c6287 100644
--- a/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
+++ b/src/sqlparser/src/ast/statement.rs
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ pub enum Encode {
     Json,     // Keyword::JSON
     Bytes,    // Keyword::BYTES
     Native,
+    Template,
 }
 
 // TODO: unify with `from_keyword`
@@ -309,6 +310,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Encode {
                 Encode::Json => "JSON",
                 Encode::Bytes => "BYTES",
                 Encode::Native => "NATIVE",
+                Encode::Template => "TEMPLATE",
             }
         )
     }
@@ -322,13 +324,12 @@ impl Encode {
             "CSV" => Encode::Csv,
             "PROTOBUF" => Encode::Protobuf,
             "JSON" => Encode::Json,
+            "TEMPLATE" => Encode::Template,
             "NATIVE" => Encode::Native, // used internally for schema change
-            _ => {
-                return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-                    "expected AVRO | BYTES | CSV | PROTOBUF | JSON | NATIVE after Encode"
-                        .to_string(),
-                ))
-            }
+            _ => return Err(ParserError::ParserError(
+                "expected AVRO | BYTES | CSV | PROTOBUF | JSON | NATIVE | TEMPLATE after Encode"
+                    .to_string(),
+            )),
         })
     }
 }

From 543bf2d25d10e57be3671bea548bd0f450a59471 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 04:21:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 428/430] build(toolchain): bump to nightly-2023-10-21 (#12992)

Signed-off-by: TennyZhuang <zty0826@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: TennyZhuang <TennyZhuang@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 69 +++++++++++--------
 Cargo.toml                                    | 11 ++-
 ci/build-ci-image.sh                          |  2 +-
 ci/docker-compose.yml                         | 10 +--
 ci/rust-toolchain                             |  2 +-
 src/batch/src/lib.rs                          |  6 +-
 src/batch/src/rpc/service/task_service.rs     |  6 +-
 src/cmd/src/bin/compactor.rs                  |  2 +-
 src/cmd/src/bin/compute_node.rs               |  2 +-
 src/cmd/src/bin/ctl.rs                        |  2 +-
 src/cmd/src/bin/frontend_node.rs              |  2 +-
 src/cmd/src/bin/meta_node.rs                  |  2 +-
 src/cmd/src/lib.rs                            |  2 +-
 src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs             |  4 +-
 src/common/proc_macro/src/config.rs           |  2 +-
 src/common/proc_macro/src/lib.rs              |  4 +-
 src/common/src/lib.rs                         |  4 +-
 src/common/src/types/ordered.rs               |  2 +-
 src/compute/src/lib.rs                        |  4 +-
 .../src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs       |  2 +-
 .../src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs        | 10 +--
 src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs | 16 ++---
 src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs                |  2 +-
 src/compute/tests/integration_tests.rs        |  2 +-
 src/connector/Cargo.toml                      |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/lib.rs                      |  6 +-
 .../src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs         |  2 +-
 .../src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs       |  2 +-
 src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs    |  2 +-
 src/expr/core/src/lib.rs                      |  2 +-
 src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs                      |  2 +-
 src/frontend/src/binder/mod.rs                | 14 ++--
 src/frontend/src/lib.rs                       |  3 +-
 src/meta/node/src/lib.rs                      |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs           |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs     |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/lib.rs                   |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs   |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs  |  2 +-
 src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs         |  6 +-
 src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs        | 14 ++--
 src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs          | 10 +--
 src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs           |  2 +-
 src/meta/src/lib.rs                           |  3 +-
 src/prost/helpers/src/lib.rs                  |  6 +-
 src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs                     |  2 +-
 src/source/src/lib.rs                         |  2 +-
 src/storage/Cargo.toml                        |  2 +-
 src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs                 |  2 +-
 src/storage/hummock_test/Cargo.toml           |  4 +-
 .../hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs       |  2 +-
 src/storage/hummock_test/src/lib.rs           |  1 -
 src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml          |  2 +-
 src/storage/hummock_trace/src/lib.rs          |  2 +-
 .../src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs |  3 -
 src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs      |  4 +-
 .../src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs     |  3 -
 src/storage/src/lib.rs                        |  6 +-
 .../src/common/table/state_table_cache.rs     |  4 +-
 src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs     |  3 -
 src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs          |  2 +-
 src/stream/src/lib.rs                         |  6 +-
 .../tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs       |  2 +-
 .../compaction_test/src/bin/compaction.rs     |  4 +-
 .../compaction_test/src/bin/delete_range.rs   |  4 +-
 src/utils/pgwire/src/lib.rs                   |  2 -
 src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml                 |  4 +-
 67 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ce71e2bf98950..32cb936bdaae3 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1825,13 +1825,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "comfy-table"
-version = "7.1.0"
+version = "7.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c64043d6c7b7a4c58e39e7efccfdea7b93d885a795d0c054a69dbbf4dd52686"
+checksum = "9ab77dbd8adecaf3f0db40581631b995f312a8a5ae3aa9993188bb8f23d83a5b"
 dependencies = [
- "crossterm 0.27.0",
- "strum 0.25.0",
- "strum_macros 0.25.2",
+ "crossterm 0.26.1",
+ "strum 0.24.1",
+ "strum_macros 0.24.3",
  "unicode-width",
 ]
 
@@ -2140,14 +2140,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossterm"
-version = "0.27.0"
+version = "0.26.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f476fe445d41c9e991fd07515a6f463074b782242ccf4a5b7b1d1012e70824df"
+checksum = "a84cda67535339806297f1b331d6dd6320470d2a0fe65381e79ee9e156dd3d13"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.4.0",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "crossterm_winapi",
  "libc",
+ "mio",
  "parking_lot 0.12.1",
+ "signal-hook",
+ "signal-hook-mio",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
@@ -2445,10 +2448,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f2696e8a945f658fd14dc3b87242e6b80cd0f36ff04ea560fa39082368847946"
+checksum = "0f32d04922c60427da6f9fef14d042d9edddef64cb9d4ce0d64d0685fbeb1fd3"
 dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -2551,8 +2555,7 @@ checksum = "86e3bdc80eee6e16b2b6b0f87fbc98c04bee3455e35174c0de1a125d0688c632"
 [[package]]
 name = "dlv-list"
 version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8aead04dc46b5f263c25721cf25c9e595951d15055f8063f92392fa0d7f64cf4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/sgodwincs/dlv-list-rs.git?rev=5bbc5d0#5bbc5d0cc84f257e173d851f8dc1674fb6e46f95"
 dependencies = [
  "const-random",
 ]
@@ -3015,7 +3018,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
+source = "git+https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer?rev=2261151#2261151107ad362851f5fff9ce4fa56e61911b10"
 dependencies = [
  "foyer-common",
  "foyer-intrusive",
@@ -3026,7 +3029,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
+source = "git+https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer?rev=2261151#2261151107ad362851f5fff9ce4fa56e61911b10"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "foyer-workspace-hack",
@@ -3041,7 +3044,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-intrusive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
+source = "git+https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer?rev=2261151#2261151107ad362851f5fff9ce4fa56e61911b10"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cmsketch",
@@ -3058,7 +3061,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-storage"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
+source = "git+https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer?rev=2261151#2261151107ad362851f5fff9ce4fa56e61911b10"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-channel",
@@ -3087,7 +3090,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "foyer-workspace-hack"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer?rev=5d0134b#5d0134b28c0edb03277b01ce08b035ef52c1b783"
+source = "git+https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer?rev=2261151#2261151107ad362851f5fff9ce4fa56e61911b10"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "either",
@@ -3225,9 +3228,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-async-stream"
-version = "0.2.7"
+version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f529ccdeacfa2446a9577041686cf1abb839b1b3e15fee4c1b1232ab3b7d799f"
+checksum = "379790776b0d953337df4ab7ecc51936c66ea112484cad7912907b1d34253ebf"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-async-stream-macro",
  "futures-core",
@@ -3236,13 +3239,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-async-stream-macro"
-version = "0.2.7"
+version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca2b48ee06dc8d2808ba5ebad075d06c3406085bb19deaac33be64c39113bf80"
+checksum = "5df2c13d48c8cb8a3ec093ede6f0f4482f327d7bb781120c5fb483ef0f17e758"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.37",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5492,8 +5495,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "ordered-multimap"
 version = "0.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ed8acf08e98e744e5384c8bc63ceb0364e68a6854187221c18df61c4797690e"
+source = "git+https://github.com/risingwavelabs/ordered-multimap-rs.git?rev=19c743f#19c743f3e3d106c99ba37628f06a2ca6faa2284f"
 dependencies = [
  "dlv-list",
  "hashbrown 0.13.2",
@@ -6023,6 +6025,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pprof"
 version = "0.13.0"
@@ -9803,14 +9811,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17f6bb557fd245c28e6411aa56b6403c689ad95061f50e4be16c274e70a17e48"
+checksum = "c4a34ab300f2dee6e562c10a046fc05e358b29f9bf92277f30c3c8d82275f6f5"
 dependencies = [
  "deranged",
  "itoa",
  "libc",
  "num_threads",
+ "powerfmt",
  "serde",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
@@ -9818,15 +9827,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7300fbefb4dadc1af235a9cef3737cea692a9d97e1b9cbcd4ebdae6f8868e6fb"
+checksum = "ef927ca75afb808a4d64dd374f00a2adf8d0fcff8e7b184af886c3c87ec4a3f3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.14"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a942f44339478ef67935ab2bbaec2fb0322496cf3cbe84b261e06ac3814c572"
+checksum = "4ad70d68dba9e1f8aceda7aa6711965dfec1cac869f311a51bd08b3a2ccbce20"
 dependencies = [
  "time-core",
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index ef09221b818a2..f8a9b7d0e2fa5 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ aws-smithy-types = "0.55"
 aws-endpoint = "0.55"
 aws-types = "0.55"
 etcd-client = { package = "madsim-etcd-client", version = "0.4" }
-futures-async-stream = "0.2"
+futures-async-stream = "0.2.9"
 hytra = "0.1"
 rdkafka = { package = "madsim-rdkafka", version = "0.3.0", features = [
   "cmake-build",
@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ unused_must_use = "forbid"
 future_incompatible = "warn"
 nonstandard_style = "warn"
 rust_2018_idioms = "warn"
+# Backward compatibility is not important for an application.
+async_fn_in_trait = "allow"
 
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
 uninlined_format_args = "allow"
@@ -229,8 +231,8 @@ opt-level = 2
 incremental = false
 debug = 1
 
-# Patch third-party crates for deterministic simulation.
 [patch.crates-io]
+# Patch third-party crates for deterministic simulation.
 quanta = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/quanta.git", rev = "948bdc3" }
 getrandom = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/getrandom.git", rev = "8daf97e" }
 tokio-stream = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/tokio.git", rev = "fe39bb8e" }
@@ -238,3 +240,8 @@ tokio-retry = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-tokio-retry.git", rev =
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/madsim-rs/rust-postgres.git", rev = "ac00d88" }
 # patch: unlimit 4MB message size for grpc client
 etcd-client = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/etcd-client.git", rev = "4e84d40" }
+
+# Patch for coverage_attribute.
+# https://github.com/sgodwincs/dlv-list-rs/pull/19#issuecomment-1774786289
+dlv-list = { git = "https://github.com/sgodwincs/dlv-list-rs.git", rev = "5bbc5d0" }
+ordered-multimap = { git = "https://github.com/risingwavelabs/ordered-multimap-rs.git", rev = "19c743f" }
diff --git a/ci/build-ci-image.sh b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
index 43ff81ade2b85..59c88e5e9a9ae 100755
--- a/ci/build-ci-image.sh
+++ b/ci/build-ci-image.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cat ../rust-toolchain
 # !!! CHANGE THIS WHEN YOU WANT TO BUMP CI IMAGE !!! #
 #          AND ALSO docker-compose.yml               #
 ######################################################
-export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20230919
+export BUILD_ENV_VERSION=v20231022
 
 export BUILD_TAG="public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:${BUILD_ENV_VERSION}"
 
diff --git a/ci/docker-compose.yml b/ci/docker-compose.yml
index 6fe7cfbfdeca2..48d88e7096889 100644
--- a/ci/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/ci/docker-compose.yml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ services:
       retries: 5
 
   source-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20231022
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   sink-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20231022
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   rw-build-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20231022
     volumes:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   ci-flamegraph-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20231022
     # NOTE(kwannoel): This is used in order to permit
     # syscalls for `nperf` (perf_event_open),
     # so it can do CPU profiling.
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ services:
       - ..:/risingwave
 
   regress-test-env:
-    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20230919
+    image: public.ecr.aws/x5u3w5h6/rw-build-env:v20231022
     depends_on:
       db:
         condition: service_healthy
diff --git a/ci/rust-toolchain b/ci/rust-toolchain
index ebc0b6c285a4e..fe2a026f6e40f 100644
--- a/ci/rust-toolchain
+++ b/ci/rust-toolchain
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "nightly-2023-09-09"
+channel = "nightly-2023-10-21"
diff --git a/src/batch/src/lib.rs b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
index 9104c96c951f5..809c096eb49df 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
@@ -27,13 +27,11 @@
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(int_roundings)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(allocator_api)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 
 mod error;
 pub mod exchange_source;
diff --git a/src/batch/src/rpc/service/task_service.rs b/src/batch/src/rpc/service/task_service.rs
index b49a023acb22b..fb60e352ec293 100644
--- a/src/batch/src/rpc/service/task_service.rs
+++ b/src/batch/src/rpc/service/task_service.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl TaskService for BatchServiceImpl {
     type CreateTaskStream = ReceiverStream<TaskInfoResponseResult>;
     type ExecuteStream = ReceiverStream<GetDataResponseResult>;
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn create_task(
         &self,
         request: Request<CreateTaskRequest>,
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl TaskService for BatchServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn cancel_task(
         &self,
         req: Request<CancelTaskRequest>,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl TaskService for BatchServiceImpl {
         Ok(Response::new(CancelTaskResponse { status: None }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn execute(
         &self,
         req: Request<ExecuteRequest>,
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/compactor.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/compactor.rs
index 21b7db2405e2d..554168d8a6683 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/compactor.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/compactor.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 risingwave_cmd::main!(compactor);
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/compute_node.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/compute_node.rs
index 0bb1e5211ac57..a24d132b70b94 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/compute_node.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/compute_node.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 risingwave_cmd::main!(compute);
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/ctl.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/ctl.rs
index 38345c7a3fc2e..7b4c3132e747d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/ctl.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/ctl.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 risingwave_cmd::main!(ctl);
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/frontend_node.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/frontend_node.rs
index 32d563be109fc..546bacbf1a901 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/frontend_node.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/frontend_node.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 risingwave_cmd::main!(frontend);
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/meta_node.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/meta_node.rs
index 032cc6bc28285..4bebfc5f915a2 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/meta_node.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/meta_node.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 risingwave_cmd::main!(meta);
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
index 12de26657bd33..93df94a63816a 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ macro_rules! main {
         #[cfg(not(enable_task_local_alloc))]
         risingwave_common::enable_jemalloc!();
 
-        #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+        #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
         fn main() {
             let opts = clap::Parser::parse();
             $crate::$component(opts);
diff --git a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
index 3e9088e16b9e2..b7693c6fa06a2 100644
--- a/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
+++ b/src/cmd_all/src/bin/risingwave.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl Component {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let risingwave = || {
         command!(BINARY_NAME)
diff --git a/src/common/proc_macro/src/config.rs b/src/common/proc_macro/src/config.rs
index 285834eb123cf..6e369fbad33eb 100644
--- a/src/common/proc_macro/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/common/proc_macro/src/config.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn type_is_option(ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
     false
 }
 
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 pub fn produce_override_config(input: DeriveInput) -> TokenStream {
     let syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { fields, .. }) = input.data else {
         abort!(input, "Only struct is supported");
diff --git a/src/common/proc_macro/src/lib.rs b/src/common/proc_macro/src/lib.rs
index 060ee1950624e..a11e407c6c053 100644
--- a/src/common/proc_macro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/proc_macro/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 use estimate_size::{
     add_trait_bounds, extract_ignored_generics_list, has_nested_flag_attribute_list,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ mod estimate_size;
 ///     }
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 #[proc_macro_derive(OverrideConfig, attributes(override_opts))]
 #[proc_macro_error]
 pub fn override_config(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
diff --git a/src/common/src/lib.rs b/src/common/src/lib.rs
index 2a3575d8dae78..fbcd3854fa572 100644
--- a/src/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 #![feature(trusted_len)]
 #![feature(allocator_api)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(map_try_insert)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 #![feature(portable_simd)]
 #![feature(array_chunks)]
 #![feature(inline_const_pat)]
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(map_entry_replace)]
 #![feature(negative_impls)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(array_methods)]
 
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/ordered.rs b/src/common/src/types/ordered.rs
index 75b07e529d7b9..68cd6329287e2 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/ordered.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/ordered.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl<T: DefaultOrd> From<T> for DefaultOrdered<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[allow(clippy::incorrect_partial_ord_impl_on_ord_type)]
+#[allow(clippy::non_canonical_partial_ord_impl)]
 impl<T: DefaultOrd> PartialOrd for DefaultOrdered<T> {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
         self.0.default_partial_cmp(other.as_inner())
diff --git a/src/compute/src/lib.rs b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
index 65bf59eedf19e..fc5ae9ff19854 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/lib.rs
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate tracing;
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
index b59cc39587c2f..6225cef2a7e30 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl ExchangeService for ExchangeServiceImpl {
     type GetDataStream = BatchDataStream;
     type GetStreamStream = StreamDataStream;
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn get_data(
         &self,
         request: Request<GetDataRequest>,
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
index 97a0b80773791..8fc24664ec016 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl MonitorServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn stack_trace(
         &self,
         request: Request<StackTraceRequest>,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn profiling(
         &self,
         request: Request<ProfilingRequest>,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn heap_profiling(
         &self,
         request: Request<HeapProfilingRequest>,
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn list_heap_profiling(
         &self,
         _request: Request<ListHeapProfilingRequest>,
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl MonitorService for MonitorServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn analyze_heap(
         &self,
         request: Request<AnalyzeHeapRequest>,
diff --git a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
index 525364b60dc1c..1c1448b3d1e45 100644
--- a/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
+++ b/src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl StreamServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn update_actors(
         &self,
         request: Request<UpdateActorsRequest>,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn build_actors(
         &self,
         request: Request<BuildActorsRequest>,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn broadcast_actor_info_table(
         &self,
         request: Request<BroadcastActorInfoTableRequest>,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn drop_actors(
         &self,
         request: Request<DropActorsRequest>,
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn force_stop_actors(
         &self,
         request: Request<ForceStopActorsRequest>,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn inject_barrier(
         &self,
         request: Request<InjectBarrierRequest>,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn barrier_complete(
         &self,
         request: Request<BarrierCompleteRequest>,
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ impl StreamService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn wait_epoch_commit(
         &self,
         request: Request<WaitEpochCommitRequest>,
diff --git a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
index b3e39ece95002..6a50b8410bbd4 100644
--- a/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
+++ b/src/compute/tests/cdc_tests.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(let_chains)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
diff --git a/src/compute/tests/integration_tests.rs b/src/compute/tests/integration_tests.rs
index a43ae2e5762da..6d7e93365c275 100644
--- a/src/compute/tests/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/src/compute/tests/integration_tests.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, stmt_expr_attributes)]
 
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
diff --git a/src/connector/Cargo.toml b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
index 4886b1b52fcc5..87d2a0bdef689 100644
--- a/src/connector/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/connector/Cargo.toml
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ strum = "0.25"
 strum_macros = "0.25"
 tempfile = "3"
 thiserror = "1"
-time = "0.3.28"
+time = "0.3.30"
 tokio = { version = "0.2", package = "madsim-tokio", features = [
     "rt",
     "rt-multi-thread",
diff --git a/src/connector/src/lib.rs b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
index 8ccf62486ce65..aa613b4043c23 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #![expect(dead_code)]
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
 #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
@@ -25,11 +25,9 @@
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(box_into_inner)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
-#![feature(iter_from_generator)]
+#![feature(iter_from_coroutine)]
 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
index 523a52dab91bb..f0efcc21d9009 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/append_only.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<KE: RowEncoder, VE: RowEncoder> SinkFormatter for AppendOnlyFormatter<KE, V
         &self,
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Self::K>, Option<Self::V>)>> {
-        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+        std::iter::from_coroutine(|| {
             for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
                 if op != Op::Insert {
                     continue;
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
index 637aa23f06410..ce98daab88756 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/debezium_json.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl SinkFormatter for DebeziumJsonFormatter {
         &self,
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Value>, Option<Value>)>> {
-        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+        std::iter::from_coroutine(|| {
             let DebeziumJsonFormatter {
                 schema,
                 pk_indices,
diff --git a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs
index 6ef2b5f2ca333..af8e70ff92850 100644
--- a/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs
+++ b/src/connector/src/sink/formatter/upsert.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<KE: RowEncoder, VE: RowEncoder> SinkFormatter for UpsertFormatter<KE, VE> {
         &self,
         chunk: &StreamChunk,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Option<Self::K>, Option<Self::V>)>> {
-        std::iter::from_generator(|| {
+        std::iter::from_coroutine(|| {
             for (op, row) in chunk.rows() {
                 let event_key_object = Some(tri!(self.key_encoder.encode(row)));
 
diff --git a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
index c2f46d5632274..b49c4ae161dfc 100644
--- a/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 
diff --git a/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs b/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
index a5906e4320282..6ea82d30ac5f1 100644
--- a/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/expr/impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #![feature(exclusive_range_pattern)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(round_ties_even)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(test)]
 #![feature(arc_unwrap_or_clone)]
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/binder/mod.rs b/src/frontend/src/binder/mod.rs
index 974730cd16237..f1038f9bf5943 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/binder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/binder/mod.rs
@@ -363,6 +363,13 @@ impl Binder {
     }
 }
 
+/// The column name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column without an alias.
+pub const UNNAMED_COLUMN: &str = "?column?";
+/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a subquery without an alias.
+const UNNAMED_SUBQUERY: &str = "?subquery?";
+/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column group.
+const COLUMN_GROUP_PREFIX: &str = "?column_group_id?";
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod test_utils {
     use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
@@ -380,10 +387,3 @@ pub mod test_utils {
         Binder::new_with_param_types(&SessionImpl::mock(), param_types)
     }
 }
-
-/// The column name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column without an alias.
-pub const UNNAMED_COLUMN: &str = "?column?";
-/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a subquery without an alias.
-const UNNAMED_SUBQUERY: &str = "?subquery?";
-/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column group.
-const COLUMN_GROUP_PREFIX: &str = "?column_group_id?";
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
index 0a036b8e96233..450f49b6394cf 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #![feature(map_try_insert)]
 #![feature(negative_impls)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 #![feature(extend_one)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 #![feature(result_flattening)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
diff --git a/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
index 55c7b27b0c80a..bf1bddad2070f 100644
--- a/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/node/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 mod server;
 use std::time::Duration;
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs
index 935d398aeacb0..2fa5f50e15666 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/ddl_service.rs
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ impl DdlService for DdlServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn get_tables(
         &self,
         request: Request<GetTablesRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs
index 7c51b39346894..e31058ff2bdc5 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/heartbeat_service.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl HeartbeatServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl HeartbeatService for HeartbeatServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn heartbeat(
         &self,
         request: Request<HeartbeatRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
index 0d473a6ed031f..6c8cc11f8971c 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 use risingwave_meta::*;
 
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
index 25c4c7ad4cc84..5753061176e8c 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/meta_member_service.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl MetaMemberServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl MetaMemberService for MetaMemberServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn members(
         &self,
         _request: Request<MembersRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
index bd247c1e18980..0fcc470a70e39 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/notification_service.rs
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl NotificationServiceImpl {
 impl NotificationService for NotificationServiceImpl {
     type SubscribeStream = UnboundedReceiverStream<Notification>;
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn subscribe(
         &self,
         request: Request<SubscribeRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs
index f231ea5f4955d..676180adc7581 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/scale_service.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl ScaleServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl ScaleService for ScaleServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn get_cluster_info(
         &self,
         _: Request<GetClusterInfoRequest>,
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl ScaleService for ScaleServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn reschedule(
         &self,
         request: Request<RescheduleRequest>,
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl ScaleService for ScaleServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn get_reschedule_plan(
         &self,
         request: Request<GetReschedulePlanRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs
index ef232d9b04ffd..92af1d4beb707 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/stream_service.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl StreamServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn flush(&self, request: Request<FlushRequest>) -> TonicResponse<FlushResponse> {
         self.env.idle_manager().record_activity();
         let req = request.into_inner();
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn pause(&self, _: Request<PauseRequest>) -> Result<Response<PauseResponse>, Status> {
         let i = self
             .barrier_scheduler
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn resume(&self, _: Request<ResumeRequest>) -> Result<Response<ResumeResponse>, Status> {
         let i = self
             .barrier_scheduler
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn list_table_fragments(
         &self,
         request: Request<ListTableFragmentsRequest>,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn list_table_fragment_states(
         &self,
         _request: Request<ListTableFragmentStatesRequest>,
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn list_fragment_distribution(
         &self,
         _request: Request<ListFragmentDistributionRequest>,
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ impl StreamManagerService for StreamServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn list_actor_states(
         &self,
         _request: Request<ListActorStatesRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs b/src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs
index 8c982521b112a..cb290766e6fd1 100644
--- a/src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs
+++ b/src/meta/service/src/user_service.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl UserServiceImpl {
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn create_user(
         &self,
         request: Request<CreateUserRequest>,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn drop_user(
         &self,
         request: Request<DropUserRequest>,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn update_user(
         &self,
         request: Request<UpdateUserRequest>,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn grant_privilege(
         &self,
         request: Request<GrantPrivilegeRequest>,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ impl UserService for UserServiceImpl {
         }))
     }
 
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     async fn revoke_privilege(
         &self,
         request: Request<RevokePrivilegeRequest>,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
index 2b0c3e3db87dc..1b3a284e9ccc9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/hummock/manager/mod.rs
@@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ impl HummockManager {
     }
 
     /// Get version deltas from meta store
-    #[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+    #[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
     #[named]
     pub async fn list_version_deltas(
         &self,
diff --git a/src/meta/src/lib.rs b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
index afe66d27ad8e8..f549578f079c6 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,13 +26,12 @@
 #![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![test_runner(risingwave_test_runner::test_runner::run_failpont_tests)]
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(type_name_of_val)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 
 pub mod backup_restore;
 pub mod barrier;
diff --git a/src/prost/helpers/src/lib.rs b/src/prost/helpers/src/lib.rs
index f4d1d1a45baa1..5796e14273fe9 100644
--- a/src/prost/helpers/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/prost/helpers/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ mod generate;
 
 /// This attribute will be placed before any pb types, including messages and enums.
 /// See `prost/helpers/README.md` for more details.
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 #[proc_macro_derive(AnyPB)]
 pub fn any_pb(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     // Parse the string representation
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn any_pb(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 }
 
 // Procedure macros can not be tested from the same crate.
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 fn produce(ast: &DeriveInput) -> Result<TokenStream2> {
     let name = &ast.ident;
 
diff --git a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
index 3e744bb61608d..be871521d3bc4 100644
--- a/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rpc_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
diff --git a/src/source/src/lib.rs b/src/source/src/lib.rs
index 1a32888cdf651..aaa045c607c95 100644
--- a/src/source/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/source/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
diff --git a/src/storage/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
index c6fc5531acd33..fc01eba294564 100644
--- a/src/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ dyn-clone = "1.0.14"
 either = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.6"
 fail = "0.5"
-foyer = { git = "https://github.com/mrcroxx/foyer", rev = "5d0134b" }
+foyer = { git = "https://github.com/MrCroxx/foyer", rev = "2261151" }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-async-stream = { workspace = true }
 hex = "0.4"
diff --git a/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
index 3e0549db188a2..1daacbf691c0d 100644
--- a/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/backup/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
 pub mod error;
 pub mod meta_snapshot;
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/hummock_test/Cargo.toml
index 600a5249ddf1b..8abf2f45e6855 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ bytes = { version = "1" }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 fail = "0.5"
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-futures-async-stream = "0.2"
+futures-async-stream = "0.2.9"
 itertools = "0.11"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 rand = "0.8"
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = [
     "executor",
 ] }
 
-futures-async-stream = "0.2"
+futures-async-stream = "0.2.9"
 risingwave_test_runner = { workspace = true }
 serial_test = "2.0"
 sync-point = { path = "../../utils/sync-point" }
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
index 1e9c9591bc864..ae6038d8b5d16 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/bin/replay/main.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(bound_map)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
 
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/lib.rs
index 73e1d8cd0eaad..593771435f1e0 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_test/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod compactor_tests;
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml b/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
index 46eabf17835e4..150b35b79cda0 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_trace/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ bincode = { version = "=2.0.0-rc.3", features = ["serde"] }
 byteorder = "1"
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-futures-async-stream = "0.2"
+futures-async-stream = "0.2.9"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 prost = { workspace = true }
 risingwave_common = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/src/storage/hummock_trace/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/hummock_trace/src/lib.rs
index df757c58cc4fa..8c6c8913205ab 100644
--- a/src/storage/hummock_trace/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/hummock_trace/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #![feature(cursor_remaining)]
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 
 mod collector;
 mod error;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
index 583bab3d10b3c..a21016014d247 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/compactor_runner.rs
@@ -140,9 +140,6 @@ impl CompactorRunner {
         Ok((self.split_index, ssts, compaction_stat))
     }
 
-    // This is a clippy bug, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/11380.
-    // TODO: remove `allow` here after the issued is closed.
-    #[expect(clippy::needless_pass_by_ref_mut)]
     pub async fn build_delete_range_iter<F: CompactionFilter>(
         sstable_infos: &Vec<SstableInfo>,
         sstable_store: &SstableStoreRef,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
index d2f36167675e7..137682d6f7825 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/compactor/mod.rs
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ impl Compactor {
 
 /// The background compaction thread that receives compaction tasks from hummock compaction
 /// manager and runs compaction tasks.
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 pub fn start_compactor(
     compactor_context: CompactorContext,
     hummock_meta_client: Arc<dyn HummockMetaClient>,
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ pub fn start_compactor(
 
 /// The background compaction thread that receives compaction tasks from hummock compaction
 /// manager and runs compaction tasks.
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 pub fn start_shared_compactor(
     grpc_proxy_client: GrpcCompactorProxyClient,
     mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Request<DispatchCompactionTaskRequest>>,
diff --git a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
index 995a9d181e2f5..a07da55fb7046 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/hummock/event_handler/uploader.rs
@@ -1641,9 +1641,6 @@ mod tests {
         (buffer_tracker, uploader, new_task_notifier)
     }
 
-    // This is a clippy bug, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/11380.
-    // TODO: remove `allow` here after the issued is closed.
-    #[expect(clippy::needless_pass_by_ref_mut)]
     async fn assert_uploader_pending(uploader: &mut HummockUploader) {
         for _ in 0..10 {
             yield_now().await;
diff --git a/src/storage/src/lib.rs b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
index c5ffe656ab893..0f2f155f6a903 100644
--- a/src/storage/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/storage/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
-#![feature(generators)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
@@ -35,15 +35,13 @@
 #![feature(btree_extract_if)]
 #![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 #![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
 #![feature(exclusive_range_pattern)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 
 pub mod hummock;
 pub mod memory;
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table_cache.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table_cache.rs
index 156637a41a1a4..b458ef52537e4 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table_cache.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table_cache.rs
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ type WatermarkCacheKey = DefaultOrdered<OwnedRow>;
 ///        Issue delete ranges.
 ///
 ///    B. Refreshing the cache:
-///        On barrier, do table scan from most_recently_cleaned_watermark (inclusive) to +inf.
+///        On barrier, do table scan from `most_recently_cleaned_watermark` (inclusive) to +inf.
 ///        Take the Top N rows and insert into cache.
-///        This has to be implemented in state_table.
+///        This has to be implemented in `state_table`.
 ///        We do not need to store any values, just the keys.
 ///
 /// TODO(kwannoel):
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
index 259b67d5f202b..663f9be94cf5e 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/backfill/utils.rs
@@ -309,9 +309,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_progress_per_vnode<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: b
 }
 
 /// Flush the data
-// This is a clippy bug, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/11380.
-// TODO: remove `allow` here after the issued is closed.
-#[expect(clippy::needless_pass_by_ref_mut)]
 pub(crate) async fn flush_data<S: StateStore, const IS_REPLICATED: bool>(
     table: &mut StateTableInner<S, BasicSerde, IS_REPLICATED>,
     epoch: EpochPair,
diff --git a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
index 4178012cb9d9e..75414fe24a379 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/executor/hash_join.rs
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> std::fmt::Debug for JoinSide<K, S> {
 
 impl<K: HashKey, S: StateStore> JoinSide<K, S> {
     // WARNING: Please do not call this until we implement it.
-    #[expect(dead_code)]
     fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
+    #[expect(dead_code)]
     fn clear_cache(&mut self) {
         assert!(
             !self.is_dirty(),
diff --git a/src/stream/src/lib.rs b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
index 5a68b1b712b26..389dfae7b8c0c 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]
 #![feature(extract_if)]
-#![feature(generators)]
-#![feature(iter_from_generator)]
+#![feature(coroutines)]
+#![feature(iter_from_coroutine)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
 #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 #![feature(allocator_api)]
@@ -36,13 +36,11 @@
 #![feature(bound_map)]
 #![feature(iter_order_by)]
 #![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 #![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![feature(test)]
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(btree_cursors)]
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate tracing;
diff --git a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
index 1b61bc5cd1d7f..9f4908f252532 100644
--- a/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
+++ b/src/stream/tests/integration_tests/hash_agg.rs
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ async fn test_hash_agg_emit_on_window_close() {
     };
 
     check_with_script(
-        || create_executor(),
+        create_executor,
         &format!(
             r###"
             - !barrier 1
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/compaction.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/compaction.rs
index 443b79ad625b8..d9ba16f7437b8 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/compaction.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/compaction.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 fn main() {
     use clap::Parser;
 
diff --git a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/delete_range.rs b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/delete_range.rs
index 348a71dc3cce5..592f61a3db4fa 100644
--- a/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/delete_range.rs
+++ b/src/tests/compaction_test/src/bin/delete_range.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(no_coverage))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage, feature(coverage_attribute))]
 
-#[cfg_attr(coverage, no_coverage)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage, coverage(off))]
 fn main() {
     use clap::Parser;
 
diff --git a/src/utils/pgwire/src/lib.rs b/src/utils/pgwire/src/lib.rs
index 1cda373ee9568..84a17d9907879 100644
--- a/src/utils/pgwire/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/utils/pgwire/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 #![feature(result_option_inspect)]
 #![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 #![feature(trusted_len)]
-#![feature(async_fn_in_trait)]
-#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait)]
 #![feature(lazy_cell)]
 #![expect(clippy::doc_markdown, reason = "FIXME: later")]
 
diff --git a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
index 6c08e08490f7d..67b218c787652 100644
--- a/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/workspace-hack/Cargo.toml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ combine = { version = "4", features = ["tokio"] }
 crossbeam-epoch = { version = "0.9" }
 crossbeam-queue = { version = "0.3" }
 crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8" }
-deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
+deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["powerfmt", "serde", "std"] }
 digest = { version = "0.10", features = ["mac", "oid", "std"] }
 either = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 fail = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["failpoints"] }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ auto_enums = { version = "0.8", features = ["futures03"] }
 bitflags = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 cc = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["parallel"] }
-deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "std"] }
+deranged = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["powerfmt", "serde", "std"] }
 either = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 fixedbitset = { version = "0.4" }
 frunk_core = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

From a4b37a3f7cd990f21706596351115b678dab0aa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiangjinwu <17769960+xiangjinwu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:49:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 429/430] ci(sink): as source, start kafka with docker-compose
 rather than risedev (#13011)

---
 ci/docker-compose.yml               |  1 +
 ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh   | 40 ++++++++++++++---------------
 ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh         |  2 +-
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt | 22 ++++++++--------
 e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt    | 10 ++++----
 risedev.yml                         | 34 ------------------------
 6 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/docker-compose.yml b/ci/docker-compose.yml
index 48d88e7096889..66dd2d175e675 100644
--- a/ci/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/ci/docker-compose.yml
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ services:
     depends_on:
       - mysql
       - db
+      - message_queue
       - elasticsearch
       - clickhouse-server
       - pulsar
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
index 06ef185f46e8b..71a91f2d8fba9 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-kafka-sink-test.sh
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 # Exits as soon as any line fails.
 set -euo pipefail
 
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --create > /dev/null 2>&1
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --create > /dev/null 2>&1
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --create > /dev/null 2>&1
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --create > /dev/null 2>&1
 
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt'
 sleep 2
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ sleep 2
 # test append-only kafka sink
 echo "testing append-only kafka sink"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/append_only1.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --from-beginning --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --from-beginning --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for append-only sink is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fi
 # test upsert kafka sink
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert1.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fi
 # test upsert kafka sink with schema
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema1.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 10 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fi
 
 # test debezium kafka sink
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink"
-(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 10 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
+(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 10 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
 python3 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.result e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium1.tmp.result
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for debezium sink is not as expected."
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root -c "update t_kafka set v_varchar = '',
 # test append-only kafka sink after update
 echo "testing append-only kafka sink after updating data"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/append_only2.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --from-beginning --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --from-beginning --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for append-only sink after update is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fi
 # test upsert kafka sink after update
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink after updating data"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert2.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink after update is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ fi
 # test upsert kafka sink with schema after update
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema after updating data"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema2.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 11 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fi
 
 # test debezium kafka sink after update
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink after updating data"
-(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 11  | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
+(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 11  | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
 python3 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.result e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium2.tmp.result
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for debezium sink after update is not as expected."
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ psql -h localhost -p 4566 -d dev -U root -c "delete from t_kafka where id = 1;"
 # test upsert kafka sink after delete
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink after deleting data"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert3.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 12 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 12 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink after update is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ fi
 # test upsert kafka sink with schema after delete
 echo "testing upsert kafka sink with schema after deleting data"
 diff ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/upsert_schema3.result \
-<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 12 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
+<((./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert-schema --from-beginning --property print.key=true --max-messages 12 | sort) 2> /dev/null)
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for upsert sink with schema is not as expected."
   exit 1
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fi
 
 # test debezium kafka sink after delete
 echo "testing debezium kafka sink after deleting data"
-(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 13 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
+(./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --property print.key=true --from-beginning --max-messages 13 | sort) > ./e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.tmp.result 2> /dev/null
 python3 e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium.py e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.result e2e_test/sink/kafka/debezium3.tmp.result
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "The output for debezium sink after delete is not as expected."
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ else
 fi
 
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/drop_sink.slt'
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-upsert --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-debezium --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
 
 # test different encoding
 echo "testing protobuf"
 cp src/connector/src/test_data/proto_recursive/recursive.pb ./proto-recursive
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --create > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --create > /dev/null 2>&1
 sqllogictest -p 4566 -d dev 'e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt'
-./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
+./.risingwave/bin/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server message_queue:29092 --topic test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf --delete > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh b/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
index 2dc02f0eada7a..ce2cc46381eba 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/e2e-sink-test.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ node_port=50051
 node_timeout=10
 
 echo "--- starting risingwave cluster with connector node"
-cargo make ci-start ci-kafka
+cargo make ci-start ci-1cn-1fe
 ./connector-node/start-service.sh -p $node_port > .risingwave/log/connector-node.log 2>&1 &
 
 echo "waiting for connector node to start"
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
index 25e3a59fdff3a..a1f296774f526 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/create_sink.slt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ create connection mock with (
 statement error
 create sink si_kafka_append_only_conn from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only',
     type = 'append-only',
     force_append_only = 'true',
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_append_only_conn from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_append_only_conn from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only',
     type = 'append-only',
     force_append_only = 'true',
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ drop connection mock;
 statement error sink cannot be append-only
 create sink si_kafka_append_only from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only',
     type = 'append-only',
 );
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_append_only from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_append_only from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only',
     type = 'append-only',
     force_append_only = 'true'
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_append_only from t_kafka with (
 statement error primary key not defined
 create sink si_kafka_upsert from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-upsert',
     type = 'upsert',
 );
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_upsert from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_upsert from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-upsert',
     type = 'upsert',
     primary_key = 'id',
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_upsert from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_upsert_schema from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-upsert-schema',
     primary_key = 'id',
 ) format upsert encode json (
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_upsert_schema from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink si_kafka_debezium from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-debezium',
     type = 'debezium',
     primary_key = 'id',
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ create sink si_kafka_debezium from t_kafka with (
 statement error primary key not defined
 create sink debezium_without_pk from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-debezium',
     type = 'debezium',
 );
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ create sink debezium_without_pk from t_kafka with (
 statement ok
 create sink multiple_pk from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-debezium',
     type = 'debezium',
     primary_key = 'id,v_varchar'
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ drop sink multiple_pk;
 statement error Sink primary key column not found: invalid.
 create sink invalid_pk_column from t_kafka with (
     connector = 'kafka',
-    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
+    properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
     topic = 'test-rw-sink-debezium',
     type = 'debezium',
     primary_key = 'id,invalid'
diff --git a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
index f69c4a9d07110..87ab884eddbde 100644
--- a/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
+++ b/e2e_test/sink/kafka/protobuf.slt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ statement ok
 create table from_kafka with (
   connector = 'kafka',
   topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
-  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092')
 format plain encode protobuf (
   schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
   message = 'recursive.AllTypes');
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ statement ok
 create sink sink0 from into_kafka with (
   connector = 'kafka',
   topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
-  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092')
 format plain encode protobuf (
   force_append_only = true,
   schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ statement error failed to read file
 create sink sink_err from into_kafka with (
   connector = 'kafka',
   topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
-  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092')
 format plain encode protobuf (
   force_append_only = true,
   schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursiv',
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ statement error encode extra_column error: field not in proto
 create sink sink_err as select 1 as extra_column with (
   connector = 'kafka',
   topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
-  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092')
 format plain encode protobuf (
   force_append_only = true,
   schema.location = 'file:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ statement error s3 URL not supported yet
 create sink sink_err from into_kafka with (
   connector = 'kafka',
   topic = 'test-rw-sink-append-only-protobuf',
-  properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092')
+  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092')
 format plain encode protobuf (
   force_append_only = true,
   schema.location = 's3:///risingwave/proto-recursive',
diff --git a/risedev.yml b/risedev.yml
index a5ba8a7b43f97..135a33f602a6a 100644
--- a/risedev.yml
+++ b/risedev.yml
@@ -685,40 +685,6 @@ profile:
       - use: pubsub
         persist-data: true
 
-  ci-kafka:
-    config-path: src/config/ci.toml
-    steps:
-      - use: minio
-      - use: etcd
-        unsafe-no-fsync: true
-      - use: meta-node
-      - use: compute-node
-        enable-tiered-cache: true
-      - use: frontend
-      - use: compactor
-      - use: zookeeper
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: kafka
-        persist-data: true
-
-  ci-kafka-plus-pubsub:
-    config-path: src/config/ci.toml
-    steps:
-      - use: minio
-      - use: etcd
-        unsafe-no-fsync: true
-      - use: meta-node
-      - use: compute-node
-        enable-tiered-cache: true
-      - use: frontend
-      - use: compactor
-      - use: zookeeper
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: kafka
-        persist-data: true
-      - use: pubsub
-        persist-data: true
-
   ci-redis:
     config-path: src/config/ci.toml
     steps:

From 272eff41b64bb4f2743084ee367c33d88edc5ed5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tao Wu <wutao@singularity-data.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 11:07:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 430/430] ci: create a doc issue when a user-facing issue is
 done (#12991)

---
 .../auto-create-doc-issue-by-issue.yml        | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
 ...pr.yml => auto-create-doc-issue-by-pr.yml} |  0
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-issue.yml
 rename .github/workflows/{auto-create-docs-pr.yml => auto-create-doc-issue-by-pr.yml} (100%)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-issue.yml b/.github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-issue.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0c8d78062977a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-issue.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Issue Documentation Checker
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types:
+      - closed
+      - labeled
+
+jobs:
+  create-issue:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Log the event payload
+        run: echo "${{ toJSON(github.event) }}"
+      - name: Check if issue is done and labeled 'user-facing-changes'
+        uses: dacbd/create-issue-action@main
+        if: ${{ github.event.action == 'closed' && contains(github.event.issue.labels.*.name, 'user-facing-changes') }}
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          owner: risingwavelabs
+          repo: risingwave-docs
+          title: |
+            Document: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}
+          body: |
+            ## Context
+            Source Issue URL: ${{ github.event.issue.html_url }}
+            Created At: ${{ github.event.issue.created_at }}
+            Created By: ${{ github.event.issue.user.login }}
+            Closed At: ${{ github.event.issue.closed_at }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto-create-docs-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-pr.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from .github/workflows/auto-create-docs-pr.yml
rename to .github/workflows/auto-create-doc-issue-by-pr.yml