[v23.3.x] Abort recovery when the recovery read is incomplete

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #17673 to branch v23.3.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.3.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-17673-v23.3.x-304
git cherry-pick -x 9d75795e4000cb50a33627fe871bc0d1d513dd39

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-17673-v23.3.x-304
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.3.x] Abort recovery when the recovery read is incomplete" \
  --base "v23.3.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-17673-v23.3.x-304" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v23.3.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/17673 "

JIRA Link: [CORE-2197](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-2197)

[CORE-2197]: https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-2197?atlOrigin=eyJpIjoiNWRkNTljNzYxNjVmNDY3MDlhMDU5Y2ZhYzA5YTRkZjUiLCJwIjoiZ2l0aHViLWNvbS1KU1cifQ

[piyushredpanda]

Merged