Bump Python Version for faster ARM-based docker build times

[Jepson2k]

What is the use case for the feature?
Current arm-based docker build times are slow due to the docker build system building the wheel for the python packages z3-solver and capstone. These packages are dependencies of angr and by bumping the angr version it'll use the later version of these python packages that have pre-built binaries for ARM devices. In order to upgrade angr we need to upgrade Python.

Does the feature contain any proprietary information about another company's intellectual property?
No

How would you implement this feature?
Bumping Python, angr, and any other dependent packages.

Are there any (reasonable) alternative approaches?
No

Are you interested in implementing it yourself?
Yes

[whyitfor]

What version of Python are you proposing updating to?

[Jepson2k]

Current thought process:

• The newer version of angr (which uses newer versions of other packages that come with pre-build binaries for arm) requires 3.10+
• 3.11 is standard in debian bookworm and provides significant python execution speed up.
• Binwalk doesn't directly support python 3.12.8.

After initial testing it appears that upgrading to python 3.11 requires minimal changes to maintain 100% testing coverage.