diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index cbb13b2a5..79481810d 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@ ofrak_patch_maker/technical_docs/vbcc.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/README.md !filter !diff !merge text
 ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/kernel_address_space_build.sh !filter !diff !merge text
+ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.c !filter !diff !merge text
 ofrak_tutorial/assets/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 docs/user-guide/gui/assets/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/elf/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/elf/edge-cases/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 frontend/public/themes/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 disassemblers/ofrak_angr/ofrak_angr_test/assets/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/*.c !filter !diff !merge text
+ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/Makefile !filter !diff !merge text
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-all.yml b/.github/workflows/test-all.yml
index 854eae2ab..cae4522d7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-all.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-all.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
   lint:
     name: Lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
 
   ofrak-ghidra:
     name: Test main OFRAK components
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
 
   ofrak-angr:
     name: Test OFRAK angr and capstone components
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
 
   ofrak-tutorial:
     name: Test OFRAK examples and tutorial notebooks
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
diff --git a/disassemblers/ofrak_binary_ninja/ofrak_binary_ninja/components/binary_ninja_analyzer.py b/disassemblers/ofrak_binary_ninja/ofrak_binary_ninja/components/binary_ninja_analyzer.py
index 0ca5a0234..b9d959dd7 100644
--- a/disassemblers/ofrak_binary_ninja/ofrak_binary_ninja/components/binary_ninja_analyzer.py
+++ b/disassemblers/ofrak_binary_ninja/ofrak_binary_ninja/components/binary_ninja_analyzer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import logging
-import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional, List
 
@@ -29,11 +28,9 @@ async def analyze(
         self, resource: Resource, config: Optional[BinaryNinjaAnalyzerConfig] = None
     ) -> BinaryNinjaAnalysis:
         if not config:
-            resource_data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-            bv = open_view(temp_file.name)
+            async with resource.temp_to_disk(delete=False) as temp_path:
+                bv = open_view(temp_path)
+
             return BinaryNinjaAnalysis(bv)
         else:
             bv = BinaryViewType.get_view_of_file(config.bndb_file)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/CHANGELOG.md b/ofrak_core/CHANGELOG.md
index cc9eb5ff7..4f68e2897 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/ofrak_core/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
 - Fix bug where calling `Resource.remove_tag` on both a tag class and a class that inherits from that class causes a `KeyError` on resource save. ([#510](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/510))
 - Use PyPI version of `bincopy`, upgrade to version 20.0.0 ([#528](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/528))
 - Fix bugs on Windows arising from using `os.path` methods when only forward-slashes are acceptable ([#521](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/521))
+- Made some changes to OFRAK test suite to improve test coverage on Windows ([#487](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/487))
+- Fix usage of `NamedTemporaryFile` with external tools on Windows ([#486](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/486))
 
 ### Changed
 - By default, the ofrak log is now `ofrak-YYYYMMDDhhmmss.log` rather than just `ofrak.log` and the name can be specified on the command line ([#480](https://github.com/redballoonsecurity/ofrak/pull/480))
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/component/abstract.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/component/abstract.py
index 19a1c0c8b..44aa25d4b 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/component/abstract.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/component/abstract.py
@@ -96,8 +96,14 @@ async def run(
             # Check if the problem was that one of the dependencies is missing
             missing_file = e.filename
             for dep in self.external_dependencies:
-                if dep.tool == missing_file:
+                if missing_file:
+                    if dep.tool == missing_file:
+                        raise ComponentMissingDependencyError(self, dep)
+                # on Windows a filename is not provided from subprocess FileNotFoundError, so just
+                # assume the any missing tool we find is the problem
+                elif not await dep.is_tool_installed():
                     raise ComponentMissingDependencyError(self, dep)
+
             raise
         except CalledProcessError as e:
             raise ComponentSubprocessError(e)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/apk.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/apk.py
index 9cf6cd065..9b01321e5 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/apk.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/apk.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import os
 import pathlib
 import sys
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
@@ -101,10 +101,7 @@ async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
         :param config:
         """
         apk = await resource.view_as(Apk)
-        data = await resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(data)
-            temp_file.flush()
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
                 cmd = [
                     "apktool",
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
                     "--output",
                     temp_flush_dir,
                     "--force",
-                    temp_file.name,
+                    temp_path,
                 ]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *cmd,
@@ -156,7 +153,8 @@ async def pack(
         apk = await resource.view_as(Apk)
         temp_flush_dir = await apk.flush_to_disk()
         apk_suffix = ".apk"
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=apk_suffix) as temp_apk:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=apk_suffix, delete_on_close=False) as temp_apk:
+            temp_apk.close()
             apk_cmd = [
                 "apktool",
                 "build",
@@ -218,13 +216,11 @@ async def identify(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
         if magic.mime == "application/vnd.android.package-archive":
             resource.add_tag(Apk)
         elif magic is not None and magic.mime in ["application/java-archive", "application/zip"]:
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zip") as temp_file:
-                temp_file.write(await resource.get_data())
-                temp_file.flush()
+            async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".zip") as temp_path:
                 unzip_cmd = [
                     "unzip",
                     "-l",
-                    temp_file.name,
+                    temp_path,
                 ]
                 unzip_proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *unzip_cmd,
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/binwalk.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/binwalk.py
index 6a87d3723..e433d4e8e 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/binwalk.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/binwalk.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
 from concurrent.futures.process import ProcessPoolExecutor
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Dict
@@ -62,15 +61,11 @@ def __init__(
     async def analyze(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> BinwalkAttributes:
         if not BINWALK_INSTALLED:
             raise ComponentMissingDependencyError(self, BINWALK_TOOL)
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file.write(data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             # Should errors be handled the way they are in the `DataSummaryAnalyzer`? Likely to be
             # overkill here.
             offsets = await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(
-                self.pool, _run_binwalk_on_file, temp_file.name
+                self.pool, _run_binwalk_on_file, temp_path
             )
         return BinwalkAttributes(offsets)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/cpio.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/cpio.py
index 4557efd29..685701990 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/cpio.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/cpio.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
                 cwd=temp_flush_dir,
             )
             await proc.communicate(input=resource_data)
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
+            # if proc.returncode:
+            #     raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
             await cpio_v.initialize_from_disk(temp_flush_dir)
 
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/elf/lief_modifier.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/elf/lief_modifier.py
index 6cd575167..56a11b65e 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/elf/lief_modifier.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/elf/lief_modifier.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 import lief
 
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from ofrak.component.modifier import Modifier
 from ofrak.model.component_model import ComponentConfig
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ async def modify(self, resource: Resource, config: LiefAddSegmentConfig) -> None
         else:
             _ = binary.add(segment)
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as temp_file:
+            temp_file.close()
             binary.write(temp_file.name)
-            temp_file.flush()
             with open(temp_file.name, "rb") as f_handle:
                 new_data = f_handle.read()
         # replace all old content (old range) with new content from Lief
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ async def modify(self, resource: Resource, config: LiefAddSectionModifierConfig)
         section.flags = config.flags
         binary.add(section)
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as temp_file:
+            temp_file.close()
             binary.write(temp_file.name)
-            temp_file.flush()
             with open(temp_file.name, "rb") as f_handle:
                 new_data = f_handle.read()
         # replace all old content (old range) with new content from Lief
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ async def modify(self, resource: Resource, config: LiefRemoveSectionModifierConf
             raise AttributeError(f"No section with name {config.name}")
         binary.remove(section)
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as temp_file:
+            temp_file.close()
             binary.write(temp_file.name)
-            temp_file.flush()
             with open(temp_file.name, "rb") as f_handle:
                 new_data = f_handle.read()
         # replace all old content (old range) with new content from Lief
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/extfs.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/extfs.py
index b09cd4001..3c50705b9 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/extfs.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/extfs.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -55,16 +55,13 @@ class ExtUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (_DEBUGFS,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".extfs") as temp_fs_file:
-            temp_fs_file.write(await resource.get_data())
-            temp_fs_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".extfs") as temp_fs_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
                 command = [
                     "debugfs",
                     "-R",
                     f"rdump / {temp_dir}",
-                    temp_fs_file.name,
+                    temp_fs_path,
                 ]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *command,
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/filesystem.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/filesystem.py
index a6849b609..d62c8836f 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/filesystem.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/filesystem.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import stat
 import sys
 import warnings
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 import posixpath
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from dataclasses import dataclass
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/gzip.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/gzip.py
index 342810a6c..66df3d5ee 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/gzip.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/gzip.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from typing import Optional
 import zlib
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
 from ofrak.component.packer import Packer
 from ofrak.component.unpacker import Unpacker
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ async def pack_with_zlib_module(data: bytes) -> bytes:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def pack_with_pigz(data: bytes) -> bytes:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as uncompressed_file:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as uncompressed_file:
             uncompressed_file.write(data)
-            uncompressed_file.flush()
+            uncompressed_file.close()
 
             cmd = [
                 "pigz",
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ihex.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ihex.py
index 7d209bde3..429d6b447 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ihex.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ihex.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import re
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import List, Union, Tuple, Any
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple, Union
 
 from bincopy import BinFile
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/iso9660.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/iso9660.py
index dcbb05113..4549846b3 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/iso9660.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/iso9660.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 import posixpath
-import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from io import BytesIO
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
@@ -301,7 +301,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
 
         iso_attrs = resource.get_attributes(ISO9660ImageAttributes)
         temp_flush_dir = await iso_view.flush_to_disk()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".iso", mode="rb") as temp:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".iso", mode="rb", delete_on_close=False) as temp:
+            temp.close()
             cmd = [
                 "mkisofs",
                 *(["-J"] if iso_attrs.has_joliet else []),
@@ -329,7 +330,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
             returncode = await proc.wait()
             if proc.returncode:
                 raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-            new_data = temp.read()
+            with open(temp.name, "rb") as new_fh:
+                new_data = new_fh.read()
             # Passing in the original range effectively replaces the original data with the new data
             resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), new_data)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/jffs2.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/jffs2.py
index 48883a095..1b0b94c1a 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/jffs2.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/jffs2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -38,18 +38,14 @@ class Jffs2Unpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (JEFFERSON,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            resource_data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
                 cmd = [
                     "jefferson",
                     "--force",
                     "--dest",
                     temp_flush_dir,
-                    temp_file.name,
+                    temp_path,
                 ]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *cmd,
@@ -73,7 +69,8 @@ class Jffs2Packer(Packer[None]):
     async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
         jffs2_view: Jffs2Filesystem = await resource.view_as(Jffs2Filesystem)
         temp_flush_dir = await jffs2_view.flush_to_disk()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".sqsh", mode="rb") as temp:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".sqsh", mode="rb", delete_on_close=False) as temp:
+            temp.close()
             cmd = [
                 "mkfs.jffs2",
                 "-r",
@@ -87,7 +84,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
             returncode = await proc.wait()
             if proc.returncode:
                 raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-            new_data = temp.read()
+            with open(temp.name, "rb") as new_fh:
+                new_data = new_fh.read()
             # Passing in the original range effectively replaces the original data with the new data
             resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), new_data)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/lzo.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/lzo.py
index f69634c52..ac22da72c 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/lzo.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/lzo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
 from ofrak.component.packer import Packer
@@ -37,27 +36,18 @@ class LzoUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (LZOP,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".lzo") as compressed_file:
-            compressed_file.write(await resource.get_data())
-            compressed_file.flush()
-
-            cmd = [
-                "lzop",
-                "-d",
-                "-f",
-                "-c",
-                compressed_file.name,
-            ]
-            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *cmd,
-                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
-                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
-            )
-            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
-
-            await resource.create_child(tags=(GenericBinary,), data=stdout)
+        cmd = ["lzop", "-d", "-f"]
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            *cmd,
+            stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(await resource.get_data())
+        if proc.returncode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
+
+        await resource.create_child(tags=(GenericBinary,), data=stdout)
 
 
 class LzoPacker(Packer[None]):
@@ -73,28 +63,20 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None):
         child_file = await lzo_view.get_child()
         uncompressed_data = await child_file.resource.get_data()
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".lzo") as uncompressed_file:
-            uncompressed_file.write(uncompressed_data)
-            uncompressed_file.flush()
-
-            cmd = [
-                "lzop",
-                "-f",
-                "-c",
-                uncompressed_file.name,
-            ]
-            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *cmd,
-                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
-                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
-            )
-            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
-
-            compressed_data = stdout
-            original_size = await lzo_view.resource.get_data_length()
-            resource.queue_patch(Range(0, original_size), compressed_data)
+        cmd = ["lzop", "-f"]
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            *cmd,
+            stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(uncompressed_data)
+        if proc.returncode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
+
+        compressed_data = stdout
+        original_size = await lzo_view.resource.get_data_length()
+        resource.queue_patch(Range(0, original_size), compressed_data)
 
 
 MagicMimeIdentifier.register(LzoData, "application/x-lzop")
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/patch_maker/modifiers.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/patch_maker/modifiers.py
index 76f1c9171..a5c0c098f 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/patch_maker/modifiers.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/patch_maker/modifiers.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union, cast
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/rar.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/rar.py
index 6def88610..09eede84a 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/rar.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/rar.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class RarArchive(GenericBinary, FilesystemRoot):
 
 class RarUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     """
-    Unpack RAR archives using the free `unrar` tool.
+    Unpack RAR archives using the free `unar` tool.
     """
 
     targets = (RarArchive,)
@@ -38,28 +38,24 @@ class RarUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (UNAR,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
-            suffix=".rar"
-        ) as temp_archive, tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
-            temp_archive.write(await resource.get_data())
-            temp_archive.flush()
-
-            cmd = [
-                "unar",
-                "-no-directory",
-                "-no-recursion",
-                temp_archive.name,
-            ]
-            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *cmd,
-                cwd=temp_dir,
-            )
-            returncode = await proc.wait()
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-
-            rar_view = await resource.view_as(RarArchive)
-            await rar_view.initialize_from_disk(temp_dir)
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".rar") as temp_archive:
+            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
+                cmd = [
+                    "unar",
+                    "-no-directory",
+                    "-no-recursion",
+                    temp_archive,
+                ]
+                proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                    *cmd,
+                    cwd=temp_dir,
+                )
+                returncode = await proc.wait()
+                if proc.returncode:
+                    raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
+
+                rar_view = await resource.view_as(RarArchive)
+                await rar_view.initialize_from_disk(temp_dir)
 
 
 MagicMimeIdentifier.register(RarArchive, "application/x-rar-compressed")
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/seven_zip.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/seven_zip.py
index 64d5b7688..edd2d071a 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/seven_zip.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/seven_zip.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -39,15 +39,13 @@ class SevenZUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
         seven_zip_v = await resource.view_as(SevenZFilesystem)
         resource_data = await seven_zip_v.resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".7z") as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
                 cmd = [
                     "7zz",
                     "x",
                     f"-o{temp_flush_dir}",
-                    temp_file.name,
+                    temp_path,
                 ]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *cmd,
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/squashfs.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/squashfs.py
index 10bdf645a..3f73c2c41 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/squashfs.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/squashfs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -66,11 +66,7 @@ class SquashfsUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (UNSQUASHFS,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            resource_data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
                 cmd = [
                     "unsquashfs",
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
                     "-force",
                     "-dest",
                     temp_flush_dir,
-                    temp_file.name,
+                    temp_path,
                 ]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *cmd,
@@ -102,7 +98,8 @@ class SquashfsPacker(Packer[None]):
     async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
         squashfs_view: SquashfsFilesystem = await resource.view_as(SquashfsFilesystem)
         temp_flush_dir = await squashfs_view.flush_to_disk()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".sqsh", mode="rb") as temp:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".sqsh", mode="rb", delete_on_close=False) as temp:
+            temp.close()
             cmd = [
                 "mksquashfs",
                 temp_flush_dir,
@@ -115,7 +112,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
             returncode = await proc.wait()
             if proc.returncode:
                 raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-            new_data = temp.read()
+            with open(temp.name, "rb") as new_fh:
+                new_data = new_fh.read()
             # Passing in the original range effectively replaces the original data with the new data
             resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), new_data)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/strings_analyzer.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/strings_analyzer.py
index cd0b40243..4bc7fe9e6 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/strings_analyzer.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/strings_analyzer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Dict, Optional
 
@@ -61,16 +60,13 @@ async def analyze(
             config = StringsAnalyzerConfig()
 
         strings = dict()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(await resource.get_data())
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             proc = await asyncio.subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(
                 "strings",
                 "-t",
                 "d",
                 f"-{config.min_length}",
-                temp_file.name,
+                temp_path,
                 stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
             )
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/tar.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/tar.py
index fabe7f876..6c023323a 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/tar.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/tar.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import os.path
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -37,16 +37,13 @@ class TarUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None:
         # Write the archive data to a file
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as temp_archive:
-            temp_archive.write(await resource.get_data())
-            temp_archive.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".tar") as temp_archive_path:
             # Check the archive member files to ensure none unpack to a parent directory
             cmd = [
                 "tar",
                 "-P",
                 "-tf",
-                temp_archive.name,
+                temp_archive_path,
             ]
             proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                 *cmd,
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> No
 
             # Unpack into a temporary directory using the temporary file
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
-                command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", temp_dir, "-xf", temp_archive.name]
+                command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", temp_dir, "-xf", temp_archive_path]
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                     *command,
                 )
@@ -94,7 +91,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None
         flush_dir = await tar_view.flush_to_disk()
 
         # Pack it back into a temporary archive
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as temp_archive:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar", delete_on_close=False) as temp_archive:
+            temp_archive.close()
             cmd = [
                 "tar",
                 "--xattrs",
@@ -112,7 +110,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None
                 raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
 
             # Replace the original archive data
-            resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), temp_archive.read())
+            with open(temp_archive.name, "rb") as new_fh:
+                resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), new_fh.read())
 
 
 MagicMimeIdentifier.register(TarArchive, "application/x-tar")
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubi.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubi.py
index f82a64cda..f59dc72b7 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubi.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubi.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
 from typing import List, Tuple
@@ -131,15 +131,11 @@ class UbiAnalyzer(Analyzer[None, Ubi]):
 
     async def analyze(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> Ubi:
         # Flush to disk
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            resource_data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             ubi_obj = ubireader_ubi(
                 ubi_io.ubi_file(
-                    temp_file.name,
-                    block_size=guess_peb_size(temp_file.name),
+                    temp_path,
+                    block_size=guess_peb_size(temp_path),
                     start_offset=0,
                     end_offset=None,
                 )
@@ -241,7 +237,6 @@ class UbiPacker(Packer[None]):
     async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
         ubi_view = await resource.view_as(Ubi)
 
-        # with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="rb") as temp:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
             ubi_volumes = await resource.get_children()
             ubinize_ini_entries = []
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubifs.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubifs.py
index 9af8157ff..250055125 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubifs.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/ubifs.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
@@ -97,15 +97,11 @@ class UbifsAnalyzer(Analyzer[None, Ubifs]):
     external_dependencies = (PY_LZO_TOOL,)
 
     async def analyze(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> Ubifs:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            resource_data = await resource.get_data()
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             ubifs_obj = ubireader_ubifs(
                 ubi_io.ubi_file(
-                    temp_file.name,
-                    block_size=guess_leb_size(temp_file.name),
+                    temp_path,
+                    block_size=guess_leb_size(temp_path),
                     start_offset=0,
                     end_offset=None,
                 )
@@ -172,7 +168,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
         ubifs_view = await resource.view_as(Ubifs)
         flush_dir = await ubifs_view.flush_to_disk()
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="rb") as temp:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="rb", delete_on_close=False) as temp:
+            temp.close()
             cmd = [
                 "mkfs.ubifs",
                 "-m",
@@ -202,7 +199,8 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config=None) -> None:
             returncode = await proc.wait()
             if proc.returncode:
                 raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-            new_data = temp.read()
+            with open(temp.name, "rb") as new_fh:
+                new_data = new_fh.read()
 
             resource.queue_patch(Range(0, await resource.get_data_length()), new_data)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/uefi.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/uefi.py
index 887b8dd18..7186127be 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/uefi.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/uefi.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/xattr_stub.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/xattr_stub.py
index 2015bddd0..b6a27ccac 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/xattr_stub.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/xattr_stub.py
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def removexattr(f, attr, symlink=False):
 
 def _warn_user_no_xattr(function_name: str) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
-        f"Function {function_name} not found. Library xattr is not available on Windows platforms. \
-        Extended attributes will not be properly handled while using OFRAK on this platform. \
-        If you require extended attributes, please use a platform that supports xattr."
+        f"Function {function_name} not found. Library xattr is not available on Windows platforms. "
+        "Extended attributes will not be properly handled while using OFRAK on this platform. "
+        "If you require extended attributes, please use a platform that supports xattr."
     )
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zip.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zip.py
index 2a19d06a8..39419a185 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zip.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zip.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
@@ -51,13 +51,11 @@ class ZipUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config=None):
         zip_view = await resource.view_as(ZipArchive)
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zip") as temp_archive:
-            temp_archive.write(await resource.get_data())
-            temp_archive.flush()
+        async with resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".zip") as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
                 cmd = [
                     "unzip",
-                    temp_archive.name,
+                    temp_path,
                     "-d",
                     temp_dir,
                 ]
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zstd.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zstd.py
index f0cddee81..91df1c1b9 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zstd.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/core/zstd.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
@@ -42,29 +41,15 @@ class ZstdUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
     external_dependencies = (ZSTD,)
 
     async def unpack(self, resource: Resource, config: ComponentConfig = None) -> None:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zstd") as compressed_file:
-            compressed_file.write(await resource.get_data())
-            compressed_file.flush()
-            output_filename = tempfile.mktemp()
-
-            cmd = [
-                "zstd",
-                "-d",
-                "-k",
-                compressed_file.name,
-                "-o",
-                output_filename,
-            ]
-            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *cmd,
-            )
-            returncode = await proc.wait()
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=cmd)
-            with open(output_filename, "rb") as f:
-                result = f.read()
-
-            await resource.create_child(tags=(GenericBinary,), data=result)
+        cmd = ["zstd", "-d", "-k"]
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            *cmd, stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        result, _ = await proc.communicate(await resource.get_data())
+        if proc.returncode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd)
+
+        await resource.create_child(tags=(GenericBinary,), data=result)
 
 
 class ZstdPacker(Packer[ZstdPackerConfig]):
@@ -82,27 +67,19 @@ async def pack(self, resource: Resource, config: Optional[ZstdPackerConfig] = No
         child_file = await zstd_view.get_child()
         uncompressed_data = await child_file.resource.get_data()
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as uncompressed_file:
-            uncompressed_file.write(uncompressed_data)
-            uncompressed_file.flush()
-            output_filename = tempfile.mktemp()
-
-            command = ["zstd", "-T0", f"-{config.compression_level}"]
-            if config.compression_level > 19:
-                command.append("--ultra")
-            command.extend([uncompressed_file.name, "-o", output_filename])
-            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *command,
-            )
-            returncode = await proc.wait()
-            if proc.returncode:
-                raise CalledProcessError(returncode=returncode, cmd=command)
-            with open(output_filename, "rb") as f:
-                result = f.read()
-
-            compressed_data = result
-            original_size = await zstd_view.resource.get_data_length()
-            resource.queue_patch(Range(0, original_size), compressed_data)
+        command = ["zstd", "-T0", f"-{config.compression_level}"]
+        if config.compression_level > 19:
+            command.append("--ultra")
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            *command, stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        result, _ = await proc.communicate(uncompressed_data)
+        if proc.returncode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=command)
+
+        compressed_data = result
+        original_size = await zstd_view.resource.get_data_length()
+        resource.queue_patch(Range(0, original_size), compressed_data)
 
 
 MagicMimeIdentifier.register(ZstdData, "application/x-zstd")
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/ofrak_context.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/ofrak_context.py
index 0b74878e4..8c0ee44d1 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/ofrak_context.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/ofrak_context.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 import time
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import Type, Any, Awaitable, Callable, List, Iterable, Optional
diff --git a/ofrak_core/ofrak/resource.py b/ofrak_core/ofrak/resource.py
index 1d7d3616c..69c651959 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/ofrak/resource.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/ofrak/resource.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import logging
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import (
+    AsyncIterator,
     BinaryIO,
     Iterable,
     List,
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@
     Pattern,
     overload,
 )
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
 from ofrak.component.interface import ComponentInterface
 from ofrak.model.component_model import ComponentContext, CC, ComponentRunResult
@@ -1527,6 +1530,21 @@ async def summarize_tree(
             tree_string += f"{indent}{branch_symbol}{SPACER_LINE}{child_tree_string}"
         return tree_string
 
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def temp_to_disk(
+        self,
+        prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        suffix: Optional[str] = None,
+        dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        delete: bool = True,
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+            mode="wb", prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix, dir=dir, delete_on_close=False, delete=delete
+        ) as temp:
+            temp.write(await self.get_data())
+            temp.close()
+            yield temp.name
+
 
 async def save_resources(
     resources: Iterable["Resource"],
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/Makefile b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1123333b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+CC=gcc
+
+default: program
+
+program.o: program.c $(HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c program.c -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -o program.o
+
+program: program.o
+	$(CC) program.o -o program
+
+program_no_reloc: program.o
+	$(CC) program.o -no-pie -o program_no_reloc
+
+program_relocated: program_relocated.o
+	$(CC) program_relocated.o -o program_relocated
+
+large_elf.o: large_elf.c $(HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c large_elf.c -o large_elf.o
+
+large_elf: large_elf.o
+	$(CC) large_elf.o -no-pie -o large_elf 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d49e8fcd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9788923282cb7150388b515be63281ea747c69ab2f304d079c08a83fe601e294
+size 651864
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.c b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3a50e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+int foo();
+int bar();
+
+int main() {
+   return bar();
+}
+
+int noop0(){}int noop1(){}int noop2(){}int noop3(){}int noop4(){}int noop5(){}int noop6(){}int noop7(){}int noop8(){}int noop9(){}int noop10(){}int noop11(){}int noop12(){}int noop13(){}int noop14(){}int noop15(){}int noop16(){}int noop17(){}int noop18(){}int noop19(){}int noop20(){}int noop21(){}int noop22(){}int noop23(){}int noop24(){}int noop25(){}int noop26(){}int noop27(){}int noop28(){}int noop29(){}int noop30(){}int noop31(){}int noop32(){}int noop33(){}int noop34(){}int noop35(){}int noop36(){}int noop37(){}int noop38(){}int noop39(){}int noop40(){}int noop41(){}int noop42(){}int noop43(){}int noop44(){}int noop45(){}int noop46(){}int noop47(){}int noop48(){}int noop49(){}int noop50(){}int noop51(){}int noop52(){}int noop53(){}int noop54(){}int noop55(){}int noop56(){}int noop57(){}int noop58(){}int noop59(){}int noop60(){}int noop61(){}int noop62(){}int noop63(){}int noop64(){}int noop65(){}int noop66(){}int noop67(){}int noop68(){}int noop69(){}int noop70(){}int noop71(){}int noop72(){}int noop73(){}int noop74(){}int noop75(){}int noop76(){}int noop77(){}int noop78(){}int noop79(){}int noop80(){}int noop81(){}int noop82(){}int noop83(){}int noop84(){}int noop85(){}int noop86(){}int noop87(){}int noop88(){}int noop89(){}int noop90(){}int noop91(){}int noop92(){}int noop93(){}int noop94(){}int noop95(){}int noop96(){}int noop97(){}int noop98(){}int noop99(){}int noop100(){}int noop101(){}int noop102(){}int noop103(){}int noop104(){}int noop105(){}int noop106(){}int noop107(){}int noop108(){}int noop109(){}int noop110(){}int noop111(){}int noop112(){}int noop113(){}int noop114(){}int noop115(){}int noop116(){}int noop117(){}int noop118(){}int noop119(){}int noop120(){}int noop121(){}int noop122(){}int noop123(){}int noop124(){}int noop125(){}int noop126(){}int noop127(){}int noop128(){}int noop129(){}int noop130(){}int noop131(){}int noop132(){}int noop133(){}int noop134(){}int noop135(){}int noop136(){}int noop137(){}int noop138(){}int noop139(){}int noop140(){}int noop141(){}int noop142(){}int noop143(){}int noop144(){}int noop145(){}int noop146(){}int noop147(){}int noop148(){}int noop149(){}int noop150(){}int noop151(){}int noop152(){}int noop153(){}int noop154(){}int noop155(){}int noop156(){}int noop157(){}int noop158(){}int noop159(){}int noop160(){}int noop161(){}int noop162(){}int noop163(){}int noop164(){}int noop165(){}int noop166(){}int noop167(){}int noop168(){}int noop169(){}int noop170(){}int noop171(){}int noop172(){}int noop173(){}int noop174(){}int noop175(){}int noop176(){}int noop177(){}int noop178(){}int noop179(){}int noop180(){}int noop181(){}int noop182(){}int noop183(){}int noop184(){}int noop185(){}int noop186(){}int noop187(){}int noop188(){}int noop189(){}int noop190(){}int noop191(){}int noop192(){}int noop193(){}int noop194(){}int noop195(){}int noop196(){}int noop197(){}int noop198(){}int noop199(){}int noop200(){}int noop201(){}int noop202(){}int noop203(){}int noop204(){}int noop205(){}int noop206(){}int noop207(){}int noop208(){}int noop209(){}int noop210(){}int noop211(){}int noop212(){}int noop213(){}int noop214(){}int noop215(){}int noop216(){}int noop217(){}int noop218(){}int noop219(){}int noop220(){}int noop221(){}int noop222(){}int noop223(){}int noop224(){}int noop225(){}int noop226(){}int noop227(){}int noop228(){}int noop229(){}int noop230(){}int noop231(){}int noop232(){}int noop233(){}int noop234(){}int noop235(){}int noop236(){}int noop237(){}int noop238(){}int noop239(){}int noop240(){}int noop241(){}int noop242(){}int noop243(){}int noop244(){}int noop245(){}int noop246(){}int noop247(){}int noop248(){}int noop249(){}int noop250(){}int noop251(){}int noop252(){}int noop253(){}int noop254(){}int noop255(){}int noop256(){}int noop257(){}int noop258(){}int noop259(){}int noop260(){}int noop261(){}int noop262(){}int noop263(){}int noop264(){}int noop265(){}int noop266(){}int noop267(){}int noop268(){}int noop269(){}int noop270(){}int noop271(){}int noop272(){}int noop273(){}int noop274(){}int noop275(){}int noop276(){}int noop277(){}int noop278(){}int noop279(){}int noop280(){}int noop281(){}int noop282(){}int noop283(){}int noop284(){}int noop285(){}int noop286(){}int noop287(){}int noop288(){}int noop289(){}int noop290(){}int noop291(){}int noop292(){}int noop293(){}int noop294(){}int noop295(){}int noop296(){}int noop297(){}int noop298(){}int noop299(){}int noop300(){}int noop301(){}int noop302(){}int noop303(){}int noop304(){}int noop305(){}int noop306(){}int noop307(){}int noop308(){}int noop309(){}int noop310(){}int noop311(){}int noop312(){}int noop313(){}int noop314(){}int noop315(){}int noop316(){}int noop317(){}int noop318(){}int noop319(){}int noop320(){}int noop321(){}int noop322(){}int noop323(){}int noop324(){}int noop325(){}int noop326(){}int noop327(){}int noop328(){}int noop329(){}int noop330(){}int noop331(){}int noop332(){}int noop333(){}int noop334(){}int noop335(){}int noop336(){}int noop337(){}int noop338(){}int noop339(){}int noop340(){}int noop341(){}int noop342(){}int noop343(){}int noop344(){}int noop345(){}int noop346(){}int noop347(){}int noop348(){}int noop349(){}int noop350(){}int noop351(){}int noop352(){}int noop353(){}int noop354(){}int noop355(){}int noop356(){}int noop357(){}int noop358(){}int noop359(){}int noop360(){}int noop361(){}int noop362(){}int noop363(){}int noop364(){}int noop365(){}int noop366(){}int noop367(){}int noop368(){}int noop369(){}int noop370(){}int noop371(){}int noop372(){}int noop373(){}int noop374(){}int noop375(){}int noop376(){}int noop377(){}int noop378(){}int noop379(){}int noop380(){}int noop381(){}int noop382(){}int noop383(){}int noop384(){}int noop385(){}int noop386(){}int noop387(){}int noop388(){}int noop389(){}int noop390(){}int noop391(){}int noop392(){}int noop393(){}int noop394(){}int noop395(){}int noop396(){}int noop397(){}int noop398(){}int noop399(){}int noop400(){}int noop401(){}int noop402(){}int noop403(){}int noop404(){}int noop405(){}int noop406(){}int noop407(){}int noop408(){}int noop409(){}int noop410(){}int noop411(){}int noop412(){}int noop413(){}int noop414(){}int noop415(){}int noop416(){}int noop417(){}int noop418(){}int noop419(){}int noop420(){}int noop421(){}int noop422(){}int noop423(){}int noop424(){}int noop425(){}int noop426(){}int noop427(){}int noop428(){}int noop429(){}int noop430(){}int noop431(){}int noop432(){}int noop433(){}int noop434(){}int noop435(){}int noop436(){}int noop437(){}int noop438(){}int noop439(){}int noop440(){}int noop441(){}int noop442(){}int noop443(){}int noop444(){}int noop445(){}int noop446(){}int noop447(){}int noop448(){}int noop449(){}int noop450(){}int noop451(){}int noop452(){}int noop453(){}int noop454(){}int noop455(){}int noop456(){}int noop457(){}int noop458(){}int noop459(){}int noop460(){}int noop461(){}int noop462(){}int noop463(){}int noop464(){}int noop465(){}int noop466(){}int noop467(){}int noop468(){}int noop469(){}int noop470(){}int noop471(){}int noop472(){}int noop473(){}int noop474(){}int noop475(){}int noop476(){}int noop477(){}int noop478(){}int noop479(){}int noop480(){}int noop481(){}int noop482(){}int noop483(){}int noop484(){}int noop485(){}int noop486(){}int noop487(){}int noop488(){}int noop489(){}int noop490(){}int noop491(){}int noop492(){}int noop493(){}int noop494(){}int noop495(){}int noop496(){}int noop497(){}int noop498(){}int noop499(){}int noop500(){}int noop501(){}int noop502(){}int noop503(){}int noop504(){}int noop505(){}int noop506(){}int noop507(){}int noop508(){}int noop509(){}int noop510(){}int noop511(){}int noop512(){}int noop513(){}int noop514(){}int noop515(){}int noop516(){}int noop517(){}int noop518(){}int noop519(){}int noop520(){}int noop521(){}int noop522(){}int noop523(){}int noop524(){}int noop525(){}int noop526(){}int noop527(){}int noop528(){}int noop529(){}int noop530(){}int noop531(){}int noop532(){}int noop533(){}int noop534(){}int noop535(){}int noop536(){}int noop537(){}int noop538(){}int noop539(){}int noop540(){}int noop541(){}int noop542(){}int noop543(){}int noop544(){}int noop545(){}int noop546(){}int noop547(){}int noop548(){}int noop549(){}int noop550(){}int noop551(){}int noop552(){}int noop553(){}int noop554(){}int noop555(){}int noop556(){}int noop557(){}int noop558(){}int noop559(){}int noop560(){}int noop561(){}int noop562(){}int noop563(){}int noop564(){}int noop565(){}int noop566(){}int noop567(){}int noop568(){}int noop569(){}int noop570(){}int noop571(){}int noop572(){}int noop573(){}int noop574(){}int noop575(){}int noop576(){}int noop577(){}int noop578(){}int noop579(){}int noop580(){}int noop581(){}int noop582(){}int noop583(){}int noop584(){}int noop585(){}int noop586(){}int noop587(){}int noop588(){}int noop589(){}int noop590(){}int noop591(){}int noop592(){}int noop593(){}int noop594(){}int noop595(){}int noop596(){}int noop597(){}int noop598(){}int noop599(){}int noop600(){}int noop601(){}int noop602(){}int noop603(){}int noop604(){}int noop605(){}int noop606(){}int noop607(){}int noop608(){}int noop609(){}int noop610(){}int noop611(){}int noop612(){}int noop613(){}int noop614(){}int noop615(){}int noop616(){}int noop617(){}int noop618(){}int noop619(){}int noop620(){}int noop621(){}int noop622(){}int noop623(){}int noop624(){}int noop625(){}int noop626(){}int noop627(){}int noop628(){}int noop629(){}int noop630(){}int noop631(){}int noop632(){}int noop633(){}int noop634(){}int noop635(){}int noop636(){}int noop637(){}int noop638(){}int noop639(){}int noop640(){}int noop641(){}int noop642(){}int noop643(){}int noop644(){}int noop645(){}int noop646(){}int noop647(){}int noop648(){}int noop649(){}int noop650(){}int noop651(){}int noop652(){}int noop653(){}int noop654(){}int noop655(){}int noop656(){}int noop657(){}int noop658(){}int noop659(){}int noop660(){}int noop661(){}int noop662(){}int noop663(){}int noop664(){}int noop665(){}int noop666(){}int noop667(){}int noop668(){}int noop669(){}int noop670(){}int noop671(){}int noop672(){}int noop673(){}int noop674(){}int noop675(){}int noop676(){}int noop677(){}int noop678(){}int noop679(){}int noop680(){}int noop681(){}int noop682(){}int noop683(){}int noop684(){}int noop685(){}int noop686(){}int noop687(){}int noop688(){}int noop689(){}int noop690(){}int noop691(){}int noop692(){}int noop693(){}int noop694(){}int noop695(){}int noop696(){}int noop697(){}int noop698(){}int noop699(){}int noop700(){}int noop701(){}int noop702(){}int noop703(){}int noop704(){}int noop705(){}int noop706(){}int noop707(){}int noop708(){}int noop709(){}int noop710(){}int noop711(){}int noop712(){}int noop713(){}int noop714(){}int noop715(){}int noop716(){}int noop717(){}int noop718(){}int noop719(){}int noop720(){}int noop721(){}int noop722(){}int noop723(){}int noop724(){}int noop725(){}int noop726(){}int noop727(){}int noop728(){}int noop729(){}int noop730(){}int noop731(){}int noop732(){}int noop733(){}int noop734(){}int noop735(){}int noop736(){}int noop737(){}int noop738(){}int noop739(){}int noop740(){}int noop741(){}int noop742(){}int noop743(){}int noop744(){}int noop745(){}int noop746(){}int noop747(){}int noop748(){}int noop749(){}int noop750(){}int noop751(){}int noop752(){}int noop753(){}int noop754(){}int noop755(){}int noop756(){}int noop757(){}int noop758(){}int noop759(){}int noop760(){}int noop761(){}int noop762(){}int noop763(){}int noop764(){}int noop765(){}int noop766(){}int noop767(){}int noop768(){}int noop769(){}int noop770(){}int noop771(){}int noop772(){}int noop773(){}int noop774(){}int noop775(){}int noop776(){}int noop777(){}int noop778(){}int noop779(){}int noop780(){}int noop781(){}int noop782(){}int noop783(){}int noop784(){}int noop785(){}int noop786(){}int noop787(){}int noop788(){}int noop789(){}int noop790(){}int noop791(){}int noop792(){}int noop793(){}int noop794(){}int noop795(){}int noop796(){}int noop797(){}int noop798(){}int noop799(){}int noop800(){}int noop801(){}int noop802(){}int noop803(){}int noop804(){}int noop805(){}int noop806(){}int noop807(){}int noop808(){}int noop809(){}int noop810(){}int noop811(){}int noop812(){}int noop813(){}int noop814(){}int noop815(){}int noop816(){}int noop817(){}int noop818(){}int noop819(){}int noop820(){}int noop821(){}int noop822(){}int noop823(){}int noop824(){}int noop825(){}int noop826(){}int noop827(){}int noop828(){}int noop829(){}int noop830(){}int noop831(){}int noop832(){}int noop833(){}int noop834(){}int noop835(){}int noop836(){}int noop837(){}int noop838(){}int noop839(){}int noop840(){}int noop841(){}int noop842(){}int noop843(){}int noop844(){}int noop845(){}int noop846(){}int noop847(){}int noop848(){}int noop849(){}int noop850(){}int noop851(){}int noop852(){}int noop853(){}int noop854(){}int noop855(){}int noop856(){}int noop857(){}int noop858(){}int noop859(){}int noop860(){}int noop861(){}int noop862(){}int noop863(){}int noop864(){}int noop865(){}int noop866(){}int noop867(){}int noop868(){}int noop869(){}int noop870(){}int noop871(){}int noop872(){}int noop873(){}int noop874(){}int noop875(){}int noop876(){}int noop877(){}int noop878(){}int noop879(){}int noop880(){}int noop881(){}int noop882(){}int noop883(){}int noop884(){}int noop885(){}int noop886(){}int noop887(){}int noop888(){}int noop889(){}int noop890(){}int noop891(){}int noop892(){}int noop893(){}int noop894(){}int noop895(){}int noop896(){}int noop897(){}int noop898(){}int noop899(){}int noop900(){}int noop901(){}int noop902(){}int noop903(){}int noop904(){}int noop905(){}int noop906(){}int noop907(){}int noop908(){}int noop909(){}int noop910(){}int noop911(){}int noop912(){}int noop913(){}int noop914(){}int noop915(){}int noop916(){}int noop917(){}int noop918(){}int noop919(){}int noop920(){}int noop921(){}int noop922(){}int noop923(){}int noop924(){}int noop925(){}int noop926(){}int noop927(){}int noop928(){}int noop929(){}int noop930(){}int noop931(){}int noop932(){}int noop933(){}int noop934(){}int noop935(){}int noop936(){}int noop937(){}int noop938(){}int noop939(){}int noop940(){}int noop941(){}int noop942(){}int noop943(){}int noop944(){}int noop945(){}int noop946(){}int noop947(){}int noop948(){}int noop949(){}int noop950(){}int noop951(){}int noop952(){}int noop953(){}int noop954(){}int noop955(){}int noop956(){}int noop957(){}int noop958(){}int noop959(){}int noop960(){}int noop961(){}int noop962(){}int noop963(){}int noop964(){}int noop965(){}int noop966(){}int noop967(){}int noop968(){}int noop969(){}int noop970(){}int noop971(){}int noop972(){}int noop973(){}int noop974(){}int noop975(){}int noop976(){}int noop977(){}int noop978(){}int noop979(){}int noop980(){}int noop981(){}int noop982(){}int noop983(){}int noop984(){}int noop985(){}int noop986(){}int noop987(){}int noop988(){}int noop989(){}int noop990(){}int noop991(){}int noop992(){}int noop993(){}int noop994(){}int noop995(){}int noop996(){}int noop997(){}int noop998(){}int noop999(){}int noop1000(){}int noop1001(){}int noop1002(){}int noop1003(){}int noop1004(){}int noop1005(){}int noop1006(){}int noop1007(){}int noop1008(){}int noop1009(){}int noop1010(){}int noop1011(){}int noop1012(){}int noop1013(){}int noop1014(){}int noop1015(){}int noop1016(){}int noop1017(){}int noop1018(){}int noop1019(){}int noop1020(){}int noop1021(){}int noop1022(){}int noop1023(){}int noop1024(){}int noop1025(){}int noop1026(){}int noop1027(){}int noop1028(){}int noop1029(){}int noop1030(){}int noop1031(){}int noop1032(){}int noop1033(){}int noop1034(){}int noop1035(){}int noop1036(){}int noop1037(){}int noop1038(){}int noop1039(){}int noop1040(){}int noop1041(){}int noop1042(){}int noop1043(){}int noop1044(){}int noop1045(){}int noop1046(){}int noop1047(){}int noop1048(){}int noop1049(){}int noop1050(){}int noop1051(){}int noop1052(){}int noop1053(){}int noop1054(){}int noop1055(){}int noop1056(){}int noop1057(){}int noop1058(){}int noop1059(){}int noop1060(){}int noop1061(){}int noop1062(){}int noop1063(){}int noop1064(){}int noop1065(){}int noop1066(){}int noop1067(){}int noop1068(){}int noop1069(){}int noop1070(){}int noop1071(){}int noop1072(){}int noop1073(){}int noop1074(){}int noop1075(){}int noop1076(){}int noop1077(){}int noop1078(){}int noop1079(){}int noop1080(){}int noop1081(){}int noop1082(){}int noop1083(){}int noop1084(){}int noop1085(){}int noop1086(){}int noop1087(){}int noop1088(){}int noop1089(){}int noop1090(){}int noop1091(){}int noop1092(){}int noop1093(){}int noop1094(){}int noop1095(){}int noop1096(){}int noop1097(){}int noop1098(){}int noop1099(){}int noop1100(){}int noop1101(){}int noop1102(){}int noop1103(){}int noop1104(){}int noop1105(){}int noop1106(){}int noop1107(){}int noop1108(){}int noop1109(){}int noop1110(){}int noop1111(){}int noop1112(){}int noop1113(){}int noop1114(){}int noop1115(){}int noop1116(){}int noop1117(){}int noop1118(){}int noop1119(){}int noop1120(){}int noop1121(){}int noop1122(){}int noop1123(){}int noop1124(){}int noop1125(){}int noop1126(){}int noop1127(){}int noop1128(){}int noop1129(){}int noop1130(){}int noop1131(){}int noop1132(){}int noop1133(){}int noop1134(){}int noop1135(){}int noop1136(){}int noop1137(){}int noop1138(){}int noop1139(){}int noop1140(){}int noop1141(){}int noop1142(){}int noop1143(){}int noop1144(){}int noop1145(){}int noop1146(){}int noop1147(){}int noop1148(){}int noop1149(){}int noop1150(){}int noop1151(){}int noop1152(){}int noop1153(){}int noop1154(){}int noop1155(){}int noop1156(){}int noop1157(){}int noop1158(){}int noop1159(){}int noop1160(){}int noop1161(){}int noop1162(){}int noop1163(){}int noop1164(){}int noop1165(){}int noop1166(){}int noop1167(){}int noop1168(){}int noop1169(){}int noop1170(){}int noop1171(){}int noop1172(){}int noop1173(){}int noop1174(){}int noop1175(){}int noop1176(){}int noop1177(){}int noop1178(){}int noop1179(){}int noop1180(){}int noop1181(){}int noop1182(){}int noop1183(){}int noop1184(){}int noop1185(){}int noop1186(){}int noop1187(){}int noop1188(){}int noop1189(){}int noop1190(){}int noop1191(){}int noop1192(){}int noop1193(){}int noop1194(){}int noop1195(){}int noop1196(){}int noop1197(){}int noop1198(){}int noop1199(){}int noop1200(){}int noop1201(){}int noop1202(){}int noop1203(){}int noop1204(){}int noop1205(){}int noop1206(){}int noop1207(){}int noop1208(){}int noop1209(){}int noop1210(){}int noop1211(){}int noop1212(){}int noop1213(){}int noop1214(){}int noop1215(){}int noop1216(){}int noop1217(){}int noop1218(){}int noop1219(){}int noop1220(){}int noop1221(){}int noop1222(){}int noop1223(){}int noop1224(){}int noop1225(){}int noop1226(){}int noop1227(){}int noop1228(){}int noop1229(){}int noop1230(){}int noop1231(){}int noop1232(){}int noop1233(){}int noop1234(){}int noop1235(){}int noop1236(){}int noop1237(){}int noop1238(){}int noop1239(){}int noop1240(){}int noop1241(){}int noop1242(){}int noop1243(){}int noop1244(){}int noop1245(){}int noop1246(){}int noop1247(){}int noop1248(){}int noop1249(){}int noop1250(){}int noop1251(){}int noop1252(){}int noop1253(){}int noop1254(){}int noop1255(){}int noop1256(){}int noop1257(){}int noop1258(){}int noop1259(){}int noop1260(){}int noop1261(){}int noop1262(){}int noop1263(){}int noop1264(){}int noop1265(){}int noop1266(){}int noop1267(){}int noop1268(){}int noop1269(){}int noop1270(){}int noop1271(){}int noop1272(){}int noop1273(){}int noop1274(){}int noop1275(){}int noop1276(){}int noop1277(){}int noop1278(){}int noop1279(){}int noop1280(){}int noop1281(){}int noop1282(){}int noop1283(){}int noop1284(){}int noop1285(){}int noop1286(){}int noop1287(){}int noop1288(){}int noop1289(){}int noop1290(){}int noop1291(){}int noop1292(){}int noop1293(){}int noop1294(){}int noop1295(){}int noop1296(){}int noop1297(){}int noop1298(){}int noop1299(){}int noop1300(){}int noop1301(){}int noop1302(){}int noop1303(){}int noop1304(){}int noop1305(){}int noop1306(){}int noop1307(){}int noop1308(){}int noop1309(){}int noop1310(){}int noop1311(){}int noop1312(){}int noop1313(){}int noop1314(){}int noop1315(){}int noop1316(){}int noop1317(){}int noop1318(){}int noop1319(){}int noop1320(){}int noop1321(){}int noop1322(){}int noop1323(){}int noop1324(){}int noop1325(){}int noop1326(){}int noop1327(){}int noop1328(){}int noop1329(){}int noop1330(){}int noop1331(){}int noop1332(){}int noop1333(){}int noop1334(){}int noop1335(){}int noop1336(){}int noop1337(){}int noop1338(){}int noop1339(){}int noop1340(){}int noop1341(){}int noop1342(){}int noop1343(){}int noop1344(){}int noop1345(){}int noop1346(){}int noop1347(){}int noop1348(){}int noop1349(){}int noop1350(){}int noop1351(){}int noop1352(){}int noop1353(){}int noop1354(){}int noop1355(){}int noop1356(){}int noop1357(){}int noop1358(){}int noop1359(){}int noop1360(){}int noop1361(){}int noop1362(){}int noop1363(){}int noop1364(){}int noop1365(){}int noop1366(){}int noop1367(){}int noop1368(){}int noop1369(){}int noop1370(){}int noop1371(){}int noop1372(){}int noop1373(){}int noop1374(){}int noop1375(){}int noop1376(){}int noop1377(){}int noop1378(){}int noop1379(){}int noop1380(){}int noop1381(){}int noop1382(){}int noop1383(){}int noop1384(){}int noop1385(){}int noop1386(){}int noop1387(){}int noop1388(){}int noop1389(){}int noop1390(){}int noop1391(){}int noop1392(){}int noop1393(){}int noop1394(){}int noop1395(){}int noop1396(){}int noop1397(){}int noop1398(){}int noop1399(){}int noop1400(){}int noop1401(){}int noop1402(){}int noop1403(){}int noop1404(){}int noop1405(){}int noop1406(){}int noop1407(){}int noop1408(){}int noop1409(){}int noop1410(){}int noop1411(){}int noop1412(){}int noop1413(){}int noop1414(){}int noop1415(){}int noop1416(){}int noop1417(){}int noop1418(){}int noop1419(){}int noop1420(){}int noop1421(){}int noop1422(){}int noop1423(){}int noop1424(){}int noop1425(){}int noop1426(){}int noop1427(){}int noop1428(){}int noop1429(){}int noop1430(){}int noop1431(){}int noop1432(){}int noop1433(){}int noop1434(){}int noop1435(){}int noop1436(){}int noop1437(){}int noop1438(){}int noop1439(){}int noop1440(){}int noop1441(){}int noop1442(){}int noop1443(){}int noop1444(){}int noop1445(){}int noop1446(){}int noop1447(){}int noop1448(){}int noop1449(){}int noop1450(){}int noop1451(){}int noop1452(){}int noop1453(){}int noop1454(){}int noop1455(){}int noop1456(){}int noop1457(){}int noop1458(){}int noop1459(){}int noop1460(){}int noop1461(){}int noop1462(){}int noop1463(){}int noop1464(){}int noop1465(){}int noop1466(){}int noop1467(){}int noop1468(){}int noop1469(){}int noop1470(){}int noop1471(){}int noop1472(){}int noop1473(){}int noop1474(){}int noop1475(){}int noop1476(){}int noop1477(){}int noop1478(){}int noop1479(){}int noop1480(){}int noop1481(){}int noop1482(){}int noop1483(){}int noop1484(){}int noop1485(){}int noop1486(){}int noop1487(){}int noop1488(){}int noop1489(){}int noop1490(){}int noop1491(){}int noop1492(){}int noop1493(){}int noop1494(){}int noop1495(){}int noop1496(){}int noop1497(){}int noop1498(){}int noop1499(){}int noop1500(){}int noop1501(){}int noop1502(){}int noop1503(){}int noop1504(){}int noop1505(){}int noop1506(){}int noop1507(){}int noop1508(){}int noop1509(){}int noop1510(){}int noop1511(){}int noop1512(){}int noop1513(){}int noop1514(){}int noop1515(){}int noop1516(){}int noop1517(){}int noop1518(){}int noop1519(){}int noop1520(){}int noop1521(){}int noop1522(){}int noop1523(){}int noop1524(){}int noop1525(){}int noop1526(){}int noop1527(){}int noop1528(){}int noop1529(){}int noop1530(){}int noop1531(){}int noop1532(){}int noop1533(){}int noop1534(){}int noop1535(){}int noop1536(){}int noop1537(){}int noop1538(){}int noop1539(){}int noop1540(){}int noop1541(){}int noop1542(){}int noop1543(){}int noop1544(){}int noop1545(){}int noop1546(){}int noop1547(){}int noop1548(){}int noop1549(){}int noop1550(){}int noop1551(){}int noop1552(){}int noop1553(){}int noop1554(){}int noop1555(){}int noop1556(){}int noop1557(){}int noop1558(){}int noop1559(){}int noop1560(){}int noop1561(){}int noop1562(){}int noop1563(){}int noop1564(){}int noop1565(){}int noop1566(){}int noop1567(){}int noop1568(){}int noop1569(){}int noop1570(){}int noop1571(){}int noop1572(){}int noop1573(){}int noop1574(){}int noop1575(){}int noop1576(){}int noop1577(){}int noop1578(){}int noop1579(){}int noop1580(){}int noop1581(){}int noop1582(){}int noop1583(){}int noop1584(){}int noop1585(){}int noop1586(){}int noop1587(){}int noop1588(){}int noop1589(){}int noop1590(){}int noop1591(){}int noop1592(){}int noop1593(){}int noop1594(){}int noop1595(){}int noop1596(){}int noop1597(){}int noop1598(){}int noop1599(){}int noop1600(){}int noop1601(){}int noop1602(){}int noop1603(){}int noop1604(){}int noop1605(){}int noop1606(){}int noop1607(){}int noop1608(){}int noop1609(){}int noop1610(){}int noop1611(){}int noop1612(){}int noop1613(){}int noop1614(){}int noop1615(){}int noop1616(){}int noop1617(){}int noop1618(){}int noop1619(){}int noop1620(){}int noop1621(){}int noop1622(){}int noop1623(){}int noop1624(){}int noop1625(){}int noop1626(){}int noop1627(){}int noop1628(){}int noop1629(){}int noop1630(){}int noop1631(){}int noop1632(){}int noop1633(){}int noop1634(){}int noop1635(){}int noop1636(){}int noop1637(){}int noop1638(){}int noop1639(){}int noop1640(){}int noop1641(){}int noop1642(){}int noop1643(){}int noop1644(){}int noop1645(){}int noop1646(){}int noop1647(){}int noop1648(){}int noop1649(){}int noop1650(){}int noop1651(){}int noop1652(){}int noop1653(){}int noop1654(){}int noop1655(){}int noop1656(){}int noop1657(){}int noop1658(){}int noop1659(){}int noop1660(){}int noop1661(){}int noop1662(){}int noop1663(){}int noop1664(){}int noop1665(){}int noop1666(){}int noop1667(){}int noop1668(){}int noop1669(){}int noop1670(){}int noop1671(){}int noop1672(){}int noop1673(){}int noop1674(){}int noop1675(){}int noop1676(){}int noop1677(){}int noop1678(){}int noop1679(){}int noop1680(){}int noop1681(){}int noop1682(){}int noop1683(){}int noop1684(){}int noop1685(){}int noop1686(){}int noop1687(){}int noop1688(){}int noop1689(){}int noop1690(){}int noop1691(){}int noop1692(){}int noop1693(){}int noop1694(){}int noop1695(){}int noop1696(){}int noop1697(){}int noop1698(){}int noop1699(){}int noop1700(){}int noop1701(){}int noop1702(){}int noop1703(){}int noop1704(){}int noop1705(){}int noop1706(){}int noop1707(){}int noop1708(){}int noop1709(){}int noop1710(){}int noop1711(){}int noop1712(){}int noop1713(){}int noop1714(){}int noop1715(){}int noop1716(){}int noop1717(){}int noop1718(){}int noop1719(){}int noop1720(){}int noop1721(){}int noop1722(){}int noop1723(){}int noop1724(){}int noop1725(){}int noop1726(){}int noop1727(){}int noop1728(){}int noop1729(){}int noop1730(){}int noop1731(){}int noop1732(){}int noop1733(){}int noop1734(){}int noop1735(){}int noop1736(){}int noop1737(){}int noop1738(){}int noop1739(){}int noop1740(){}int noop1741(){}int noop1742(){}int noop1743(){}int noop1744(){}int noop1745(){}int noop1746(){}int noop1747(){}int noop1748(){}int noop1749(){}int noop1750(){}int noop1751(){}int noop1752(){}int noop1753(){}int noop1754(){}int noop1755(){}int noop1756(){}int noop1757(){}int noop1758(){}int noop1759(){}int noop1760(){}int noop1761(){}int noop1762(){}int noop1763(){}int noop1764(){}int noop1765(){}int noop1766(){}int noop1767(){}int noop1768(){}int noop1769(){}int noop1770(){}int noop1771(){}int noop1772(){}int noop1773(){}int noop1774(){}int noop1775(){}int noop1776(){}int noop1777(){}int noop1778(){}int noop1779(){}int noop1780(){}int noop1781(){}int noop1782(){}int noop1783(){}int noop1784(){}int noop1785(){}int noop1786(){}int noop1787(){}int noop1788(){}int noop1789(){}int noop1790(){}int noop1791(){}int noop1792(){}int noop1793(){}int noop1794(){}int noop1795(){}int noop1796(){}int noop1797(){}int noop1798(){}int noop1799(){}int noop1800(){}int noop1801(){}int noop1802(){}int noop1803(){}int noop1804(){}int noop1805(){}int noop1806(){}int noop1807(){}int noop1808(){}int noop1809(){}int noop1810(){}int noop1811(){}int noop1812(){}int noop1813(){}int noop1814(){}int noop1815(){}int noop1816(){}int noop1817(){}int noop1818(){}int noop1819(){}int noop1820(){}int noop1821(){}int noop1822(){}int noop1823(){}int noop1824(){}int noop1825(){}int noop1826(){}int noop1827(){}int noop1828(){}int noop1829(){}int noop1830(){}int noop1831(){}int noop1832(){}int noop1833(){}int noop1834(){}int noop1835(){}int noop1836(){}int noop1837(){}int noop1838(){}int noop1839(){}int noop1840(){}int noop1841(){}int noop1842(){}int noop1843(){}int noop1844(){}int noop1845(){}int noop1846(){}int noop1847(){}int noop1848(){}int noop1849(){}int noop1850(){}int noop1851(){}int noop1852(){}int noop1853(){}int noop1854(){}int noop1855(){}int noop1856(){}int noop1857(){}int noop1858(){}int noop1859(){}int noop1860(){}int noop1861(){}int noop1862(){}int noop1863(){}int noop1864(){}int noop1865(){}int noop1866(){}int noop1867(){}int noop1868(){}int noop1869(){}int noop1870(){}int noop1871(){}int noop1872(){}int noop1873(){}int noop1874(){}int noop1875(){}int noop1876(){}int noop1877(){}int noop1878(){}int noop1879(){}int noop1880(){}int noop1881(){}int noop1882(){}int noop1883(){}int noop1884(){}int noop1885(){}int noop1886(){}int noop1887(){}int noop1888(){}int noop1889(){}int noop1890(){}int noop1891(){}int noop1892(){}int noop1893(){}int noop1894(){}int noop1895(){}int noop1896(){}int noop1897(){}int noop1898(){}int noop1899(){}int noop1900(){}int noop1901(){}int noop1902(){}int noop1903(){}int noop1904(){}int noop1905(){}int noop1906(){}int noop1907(){}int noop1908(){}int noop1909(){}int noop1910(){}int noop1911(){}int noop1912(){}int noop1913(){}int noop1914(){}int noop1915(){}int noop1916(){}int noop1917(){}int noop1918(){}int noop1919(){}int noop1920(){}int noop1921(){}int noop1922(){}int noop1923(){}int noop1924(){}int noop1925(){}int noop1926(){}int noop1927(){}int noop1928(){}int noop1929(){}int noop1930(){}int noop1931(){}int noop1932(){}int noop1933(){}int noop1934(){}int noop1935(){}int noop1936(){}int noop1937(){}int noop1938(){}int noop1939(){}int noop1940(){}int noop1941(){}int noop1942(){}int noop1943(){}int noop1944(){}int noop1945(){}int noop1946(){}int noop1947(){}int noop1948(){}int noop1949(){}int noop1950(){}int noop1951(){}int noop1952(){}int noop1953(){}int noop1954(){}int noop1955(){}int noop1956(){}int noop1957(){}int noop1958(){}int noop1959(){}int noop1960(){}int noop1961(){}int noop1962(){}int noop1963(){}int noop1964(){}int noop1965(){}int noop1966(){}int noop1967(){}int noop1968(){}int noop1969(){}int noop1970(){}int noop1971(){}int noop1972(){}int noop1973(){}int noop1974(){}int noop1975(){}int noop1976(){}int noop1977(){}int noop1978(){}int noop1979(){}int noop1980(){}int noop1981(){}int noop1982(){}int noop1983(){}int noop1984(){}int noop1985(){}int noop1986(){}int noop1987(){}int noop1988(){}int noop1989(){}int noop1990(){}int noop1991(){}int noop1992(){}int noop1993(){}int noop1994(){}int noop1995(){}int noop1996(){}int noop1997(){}int noop1998(){}int noop1999(){}int noop2000(){}int noop2001(){}int noop2002(){}int noop2003(){}int noop2004(){}int noop2005(){}int noop2006(){}int noop2007(){}int noop2008(){}int noop2009(){}int noop2010(){}int noop2011(){}int noop2012(){}int noop2013(){}int noop2014(){}int noop2015(){}int noop2016(){}int noop2017(){}int noop2018(){}int noop2019(){}int noop2020(){}int noop2021(){}int noop2022(){}int noop2023(){}int noop2024(){}int noop2025(){}int noop2026(){}int noop2027(){}int noop2028(){}int noop2029(){}int noop2030(){}int noop2031(){}int noop2032(){}int noop2033(){}int noop2034(){}int noop2035(){}int noop2036(){}int noop2037(){}int noop2038(){}int noop2039(){}int noop2040(){}int noop2041(){}int noop2042(){}int noop2043(){}int noop2044(){}int noop2045(){}int noop2046(){}int noop2047(){}int noop2048(){}int noop2049(){}int noop2050(){}int noop2051(){}int noop2052(){}int noop2053(){}int noop2054(){}int noop2055(){}int noop2056(){}int noop2057(){}int noop2058(){}int noop2059(){}int noop2060(){}int noop2061(){}int noop2062(){}int noop2063(){}int noop2064(){}int noop2065(){}int noop2066(){}int noop2067(){}int noop2068(){}int noop2069(){}int noop2070(){}int noop2071(){}int noop2072(){}int noop2073(){}int noop2074(){}int noop2075(){}int noop2076(){}int noop2077(){}int noop2078(){}int noop2079(){}int noop2080(){}int noop2081(){}int noop2082(){}int noop2083(){}int noop2084(){}int noop2085(){}int noop2086(){}int noop2087(){}int noop2088(){}int noop2089(){}int noop2090(){}int noop2091(){}int noop2092(){}int noop2093(){}int noop2094(){}int noop2095(){}int noop2096(){}int noop2097(){}int noop2098(){}int noop2099(){}int noop2100(){}int noop2101(){}int noop2102(){}int noop2103(){}int noop2104(){}int noop2105(){}int noop2106(){}int noop2107(){}int noop2108(){}int noop2109(){}int noop2110(){}int noop2111(){}int noop2112(){}int noop2113(){}int noop2114(){}int noop2115(){}int noop2116(){}int noop2117(){}int noop2118(){}int noop2119(){}int noop2120(){}int noop2121(){}int noop2122(){}int noop2123(){}int noop2124(){}int noop2125(){}int noop2126(){}int noop2127(){}int noop2128(){}int noop2129(){}int noop2130(){}int noop2131(){}int noop2132(){}int noop2133(){}int noop2134(){}int noop2135(){}int noop2136(){}int noop2137(){}int noop2138(){}int noop2139(){}int noop2140(){}int noop2141(){}int noop2142(){}int noop2143(){}int noop2144(){}int noop2145(){}int noop2146(){}int noop2147(){}int noop2148(){}int noop2149(){}int noop2150(){}int noop2151(){}int noop2152(){}int noop2153(){}int noop2154(){}int noop2155(){}int noop2156(){}int noop2157(){}int noop2158(){}int noop2159(){}int noop2160(){}int noop2161(){}int noop2162(){}int noop2163(){}int noop2164(){}int noop2165(){}int noop2166(){}int noop2167(){}int noop2168(){}int noop2169(){}int noop2170(){}int noop2171(){}int noop2172(){}int noop2173(){}int noop2174(){}int noop2175(){}int noop2176(){}int noop2177(){}int noop2178(){}int noop2179(){}int noop2180(){}int noop2181(){}int noop2182(){}int noop2183(){}int noop2184(){}int noop2185(){}int noop2186(){}int noop2187(){}int noop2188(){}int noop2189(){}int noop2190(){}int noop2191(){}int noop2192(){}int noop2193(){}int noop2194(){}int noop2195(){}int noop2196(){}int noop2197(){}int noop2198(){}int noop2199(){}int noop2200(){}int noop2201(){}int noop2202(){}int noop2203(){}int noop2204(){}int noop2205(){}int noop2206(){}int noop2207(){}int noop2208(){}int noop2209(){}int noop2210(){}int noop2211(){}int noop2212(){}int noop2213(){}int noop2214(){}int noop2215(){}int noop2216(){}int noop2217(){}int noop2218(){}int noop2219(){}int noop2220(){}int noop2221(){}int noop2222(){}int noop2223(){}int noop2224(){}int noop2225(){}int noop2226(){}int noop2227(){}int noop2228(){}int noop2229(){}int noop2230(){}int noop2231(){}int noop2232(){}int noop2233(){}int noop2234(){}int noop2235(){}int noop2236(){}int noop2237(){}int noop2238(){}int noop2239(){}int noop2240(){}int noop2241(){}int noop2242(){}int noop2243(){}int noop2244(){}int noop2245(){}int noop2246(){}int noop2247(){}int noop2248(){}int noop2249(){}int noop2250(){}int noop2251(){}int noop2252(){}int noop2253(){}int noop2254(){}int noop2255(){}int noop2256(){}int noop2257(){}int noop2258(){}int noop2259(){}int noop2260(){}int noop2261(){}int noop2262(){}int noop2263(){}int noop2264(){}int noop2265(){}int noop2266(){}int noop2267(){}int noop2268(){}int noop2269(){}int noop2270(){}int noop2271(){}int noop2272(){}int noop2273(){}int noop2274(){}int noop2275(){}int noop2276(){}int noop2277(){}int noop2278(){}int noop2279(){}int noop2280(){}int noop2281(){}int noop2282(){}int noop2283(){}int noop2284(){}int noop2285(){}int noop2286(){}int noop2287(){}int noop2288(){}int noop2289(){}int noop2290(){}int noop2291(){}int noop2292(){}int noop2293(){}int noop2294(){}int noop2295(){}int noop2296(){}int noop2297(){}int noop2298(){}int noop2299(){}int noop2300(){}int noop2301(){}int noop2302(){}int noop2303(){}int noop2304(){}int noop2305(){}int noop2306(){}int noop2307(){}int noop2308(){}int noop2309(){}int noop2310(){}int noop2311(){}int noop2312(){}int noop2313(){}int noop2314(){}int noop2315(){}int noop2316(){}int noop2317(){}int noop2318(){}int noop2319(){}int noop2320(){}int noop2321(){}int noop2322(){}int noop2323(){}int noop2324(){}int noop2325(){}int noop2326(){}int noop2327(){}int noop2328(){}int noop2329(){}int noop2330(){}int noop2331(){}int noop2332(){}int noop2333(){}int noop2334(){}int noop2335(){}int noop2336(){}int noop2337(){}int noop2338(){}int noop2339(){}int noop2340(){}int noop2341(){}int noop2342(){}int noop2343(){}int noop2344(){}int noop2345(){}int noop2346(){}int noop2347(){}int noop2348(){}int noop2349(){}int noop2350(){}int noop2351(){}int noop2352(){}int noop2353(){}int noop2354(){}int noop2355(){}int noop2356(){}int noop2357(){}int noop2358(){}int noop2359(){}int noop2360(){}int noop2361(){}int noop2362(){}int noop2363(){}int noop2364(){}int noop2365(){}int noop2366(){}int noop2367(){}int noop2368(){}int noop2369(){}int noop2370(){}int noop2371(){}int noop2372(){}int noop2373(){}int noop2374(){}int noop2375(){}int noop2376(){}int noop2377(){}int noop2378(){}int noop2379(){}int noop2380(){}int noop2381(){}int noop2382(){}int noop2383(){}int noop2384(){}int noop2385(){}int noop2386(){}int noop2387(){}int noop2388(){}int noop2389(){}int noop2390(){}int noop2391(){}int noop2392(){}int noop2393(){}int noop2394(){}int noop2395(){}int noop2396(){}int noop2397(){}int noop2398(){}int noop2399(){}int noop2400(){}int noop2401(){}int noop2402(){}int noop2403(){}int noop2404(){}int noop2405(){}int noop2406(){}int noop2407(){}int noop2408(){}int noop2409(){}int noop2410(){}int noop2411(){}int noop2412(){}int noop2413(){}int noop2414(){}int noop2415(){}int noop2416(){}int noop2417(){}int noop2418(){}int noop2419(){}int noop2420(){}int noop2421(){}int noop2422(){}int noop2423(){}int noop2424(){}int noop2425(){}int noop2426(){}int noop2427(){}int noop2428(){}int noop2429(){}int noop2430(){}int noop2431(){}int noop2432(){}int noop2433(){}int noop2434(){}int noop2435(){}int noop2436(){}int noop2437(){}int noop2438(){}int noop2439(){}int noop2440(){}int noop2441(){}int noop2442(){}int noop2443(){}int noop2444(){}int noop2445(){}int noop2446(){}int noop2447(){}int noop2448(){}int noop2449(){}int noop2450(){}int noop2451(){}int noop2452(){}int noop2453(){}int noop2454(){}int noop2455(){}int noop2456(){}int noop2457(){}int noop2458(){}int noop2459(){}int noop2460(){}int noop2461(){}int noop2462(){}int noop2463(){}int noop2464(){}int noop2465(){}int noop2466(){}int noop2467(){}int noop2468(){}int noop2469(){}int noop2470(){}int noop2471(){}int noop2472(){}int noop2473(){}int noop2474(){}int noop2475(){}int noop2476(){}int noop2477(){}int noop2478(){}int noop2479(){}int noop2480(){}int noop2481(){}int noop2482(){}int noop2483(){}int noop2484(){}int noop2485(){}int noop2486(){}int noop2487(){}int noop2488(){}int noop2489(){}int noop2490(){}int noop2491(){}int noop2492(){}int noop2493(){}int noop2494(){}int noop2495(){}int noop2496(){}int noop2497(){}int noop2498(){}int noop2499(){}int noop2500(){}int noop2501(){}int noop2502(){}int noop2503(){}int noop2504(){}int noop2505(){}int noop2506(){}int noop2507(){}int noop2508(){}int noop2509(){}int noop2510(){}int noop2511(){}int noop2512(){}int noop2513(){}int noop2514(){}int noop2515(){}int noop2516(){}int noop2517(){}int noop2518(){}int noop2519(){}int noop2520(){}int noop2521(){}int noop2522(){}int noop2523(){}int noop2524(){}int noop2525(){}int noop2526(){}int noop2527(){}int noop2528(){}int noop2529(){}int noop2530(){}int noop2531(){}int noop2532(){}int noop2533(){}int noop2534(){}int noop2535(){}int noop2536(){}int noop2537(){}int noop2538(){}int noop2539(){}int noop2540(){}int noop2541(){}int noop2542(){}int noop2543(){}int noop2544(){}int noop2545(){}int noop2546(){}int noop2547(){}int noop2548(){}int noop2549(){}int noop2550(){}int noop2551(){}int noop2552(){}int noop2553(){}int noop2554(){}int noop2555(){}int noop2556(){}int noop2557(){}int noop2558(){}int noop2559(){}int noop2560(){}int noop2561(){}int noop2562(){}int noop2563(){}int noop2564(){}int noop2565(){}int noop2566(){}int noop2567(){}int noop2568(){}int noop2569(){}int noop2570(){}int noop2571(){}int noop2572(){}int noop2573(){}int noop2574(){}int noop2575(){}int noop2576(){}int noop2577(){}int noop2578(){}int noop2579(){}int noop2580(){}int noop2581(){}int noop2582(){}int noop2583(){}int noop2584(){}int noop2585(){}int noop2586(){}int noop2587(){}int noop2588(){}int noop2589(){}int noop2590(){}int noop2591(){}int noop2592(){}int noop2593(){}int noop2594(){}int noop2595(){}int noop2596(){}int noop2597(){}int noop2598(){}int noop2599(){}int noop2600(){}int noop2601(){}int noop2602(){}int noop2603(){}int noop2604(){}int noop2605(){}int noop2606(){}int noop2607(){}int noop2608(){}int noop2609(){}int noop2610(){}int noop2611(){}int noop2612(){}int noop2613(){}int noop2614(){}int noop2615(){}int noop2616(){}int noop2617(){}int noop2618(){}int noop2619(){}int noop2620(){}int noop2621(){}int noop2622(){}int noop2623(){}int noop2624(){}int noop2625(){}int noop2626(){}int noop2627(){}int noop2628(){}int noop2629(){}int noop2630(){}int noop2631(){}int noop2632(){}int noop2633(){}int noop2634(){}int noop2635(){}int noop2636(){}int noop2637(){}int noop2638(){}int noop2639(){}int noop2640(){}int noop2641(){}int noop2642(){}int noop2643(){}int noop2644(){}int noop2645(){}int noop2646(){}int noop2647(){}int noop2648(){}int noop2649(){}int noop2650(){}int noop2651(){}int noop2652(){}int noop2653(){}int noop2654(){}int noop2655(){}int noop2656(){}int noop2657(){}int noop2658(){}int noop2659(){}int noop2660(){}int noop2661(){}int noop2662(){}int noop2663(){}int noop2664(){}int noop2665(){}int noop2666(){}int noop2667(){}int noop2668(){}int noop2669(){}int noop2670(){}int noop2671(){}int noop2672(){}int noop2673(){}int noop2674(){}int noop2675(){}int noop2676(){}int noop2677(){}int noop2678(){}int noop2679(){}int noop2680(){}int noop2681(){}int noop2682(){}int noop2683(){}int noop2684(){}int noop2685(){}int noop2686(){}int noop2687(){}int noop2688(){}int noop2689(){}int noop2690(){}int noop2691(){}int noop2692(){}int noop2693(){}int noop2694(){}int noop2695(){}int noop2696(){}int noop2697(){}int noop2698(){}int noop2699(){}int noop2700(){}int noop2701(){}int noop2702(){}int noop2703(){}int noop2704(){}int noop2705(){}int noop2706(){}int noop2707(){}int noop2708(){}int noop2709(){}int noop2710(){}int noop2711(){}int noop2712(){}int noop2713(){}int noop2714(){}int noop2715(){}int noop2716(){}int noop2717(){}int noop2718(){}int noop2719(){}int noop2720(){}int noop2721(){}int noop2722(){}int noop2723(){}int noop2724(){}int noop2725(){}int noop2726(){}int noop2727(){}int noop2728(){}int noop2729(){}int noop2730(){}int noop2731(){}int noop2732(){}int noop2733(){}int noop2734(){}int noop2735(){}int noop2736(){}int noop2737(){}int noop2738(){}int noop2739(){}int noop2740(){}int noop2741(){}int noop2742(){}int noop2743(){}int noop2744(){}int noop2745(){}int noop2746(){}int noop2747(){}int noop2748(){}int noop2749(){}int noop2750(){}int noop2751(){}int noop2752(){}int noop2753(){}int noop2754(){}int noop2755(){}int noop2756(){}int noop2757(){}int noop2758(){}int noop2759(){}int noop2760(){}int noop2761(){}int noop2762(){}int noop2763(){}int noop2764(){}int noop2765(){}int noop2766(){}int noop2767(){}int noop2768(){}int noop2769(){}int noop2770(){}int noop2771(){}int noop2772(){}int noop2773(){}int noop2774(){}int noop2775(){}int noop2776(){}int noop2777(){}int noop2778(){}int noop2779(){}int noop2780(){}int noop2781(){}int noop2782(){}int noop2783(){}int noop2784(){}int noop2785(){}int noop2786(){}int noop2787(){}int noop2788(){}int noop2789(){}int noop2790(){}int noop2791(){}int noop2792(){}int noop2793(){}int noop2794(){}int noop2795(){}int noop2796(){}int noop2797(){}int noop2798(){}int noop2799(){}int noop2800(){}int noop2801(){}int noop2802(){}int noop2803(){}int noop2804(){}int noop2805(){}int noop2806(){}int noop2807(){}int noop2808(){}int noop2809(){}int noop2810(){}int noop2811(){}int noop2812(){}int noop2813(){}int noop2814(){}int noop2815(){}int noop2816(){}int noop2817(){}int noop2818(){}int noop2819(){}int noop2820(){}int noop2821(){}int noop2822(){}int noop2823(){}int noop2824(){}int noop2825(){}int noop2826(){}int noop2827(){}int noop2828(){}int noop2829(){}int noop2830(){}int noop2831(){}int noop2832(){}int noop2833(){}int noop2834(){}int noop2835(){}int noop2836(){}int noop2837(){}int noop2838(){}int noop2839(){}int noop2840(){}int noop2841(){}int noop2842(){}int noop2843(){}int noop2844(){}int noop2845(){}int noop2846(){}int noop2847(){}int noop2848(){}int noop2849(){}int noop2850(){}int noop2851(){}int noop2852(){}int noop2853(){}int noop2854(){}int noop2855(){}int noop2856(){}int noop2857(){}int noop2858(){}int noop2859(){}int noop2860(){}int noop2861(){}int noop2862(){}int noop2863(){}int noop2864(){}int noop2865(){}int noop2866(){}int noop2867(){}int noop2868(){}int noop2869(){}int noop2870(){}int noop2871(){}int noop2872(){}int noop2873(){}int noop2874(){}int noop2875(){}int noop2876(){}int noop2877(){}int noop2878(){}int noop2879(){}int noop2880(){}int noop2881(){}int noop2882(){}int noop2883(){}int noop2884(){}int noop2885(){}int noop2886(){}int noop2887(){}int noop2888(){}int noop2889(){}int noop2890(){}int noop2891(){}int noop2892(){}int noop2893(){}int noop2894(){}int noop2895(){}int noop2896(){}int noop2897(){}int noop2898(){}int noop2899(){}int noop2900(){}int noop2901(){}int noop2902(){}int noop2903(){}int noop2904(){}int noop2905(){}int noop2906(){}int noop2907(){}int noop2908(){}int noop2909(){}int noop2910(){}int noop2911(){}int noop2912(){}int noop2913(){}int noop2914(){}int noop2915(){}int noop2916(){}int noop2917(){}int noop2918(){}int noop2919(){}int noop2920(){}int noop2921(){}int noop2922(){}int noop2923(){}int noop2924(){}int noop2925(){}int noop2926(){}int noop2927(){}int noop2928(){}int noop2929(){}int noop2930(){}int noop2931(){}int noop2932(){}int noop2933(){}int noop2934(){}int noop2935(){}int noop2936(){}int noop2937(){}int noop2938(){}int noop2939(){}int noop2940(){}int noop2941(){}int noop2942(){}int noop2943(){}int noop2944(){}int noop2945(){}int noop2946(){}int noop2947(){}int noop2948(){}int noop2949(){}int noop2950(){}int noop2951(){}int noop2952(){}int noop2953(){}int noop2954(){}int noop2955(){}int noop2956(){}int noop2957(){}int noop2958(){}int noop2959(){}int noop2960(){}int noop2961(){}int noop2962(){}int noop2963(){}int noop2964(){}int noop2965(){}int noop2966(){}int noop2967(){}int noop2968(){}int noop2969(){}int noop2970(){}int noop2971(){}int noop2972(){}int noop2973(){}int noop2974(){}int noop2975(){}int noop2976(){}int noop2977(){}int noop2978(){}int noop2979(){}int noop2980(){}int noop2981(){}int noop2982(){}int noop2983(){}int noop2984(){}int noop2985(){}int noop2986(){}int noop2987(){}int noop2988(){}int noop2989(){}int noop2990(){}int noop2991(){}int noop2992(){}int noop2993(){}int noop2994(){}int noop2995(){}int noop2996(){}int noop2997(){}int noop2998(){}int noop2999(){}int noop3000(){}int noop3001(){}int noop3002(){}int noop3003(){}int noop3004(){}int noop3005(){}int noop3006(){}int noop3007(){}int noop3008(){}int noop3009(){}int noop3010(){}int noop3011(){}int noop3012(){}int noop3013(){}int noop3014(){}int noop3015(){}int noop3016(){}int noop3017(){}int noop3018(){}int noop3019(){}int noop3020(){}int noop3021(){}int noop3022(){}int noop3023(){}int noop3024(){}int noop3025(){}int noop3026(){}int noop3027(){}int noop3028(){}int noop3029(){}int noop3030(){}int noop3031(){}int noop3032(){}int noop3033(){}int noop3034(){}int noop3035(){}int noop3036(){}int noop3037(){}int noop3038(){}int noop3039(){}int noop3040(){}int noop3041(){}int noop3042(){}int noop3043(){}int noop3044(){}int noop3045(){}int noop3046(){}int noop3047(){}int noop3048(){}int noop3049(){}int noop3050(){}int noop3051(){}int noop3052(){}int noop3053(){}int noop3054(){}int noop3055(){}int noop3056(){}int noop3057(){}int noop3058(){}int noop3059(){}int noop3060(){}int noop3061(){}int noop3062(){}int noop3063(){}int noop3064(){}int noop3065(){}int noop3066(){}int noop3067(){}int noop3068(){}int noop3069(){}int noop3070(){}int noop3071(){}int noop3072(){}int noop3073(){}int noop3074(){}int noop3075(){}int noop3076(){}int noop3077(){}int noop3078(){}int noop3079(){}int noop3080(){}int noop3081(){}int noop3082(){}int noop3083(){}int noop3084(){}int noop3085(){}int noop3086(){}int noop3087(){}int noop3088(){}int noop3089(){}int noop3090(){}int noop3091(){}int noop3092(){}int noop3093(){}int noop3094(){}int noop3095(){}int noop3096(){}int noop3097(){}int noop3098(){}int noop3099(){}int noop3100(){}int noop3101(){}int noop3102(){}int noop3103(){}int noop3104(){}int noop3105(){}int noop3106(){}int noop3107(){}int noop3108(){}int noop3109(){}int noop3110(){}int noop3111(){}int noop3112(){}int noop3113(){}int noop3114(){}int noop3115(){}int noop3116(){}int noop3117(){}int noop3118(){}int noop3119(){}int noop3120(){}int noop3121(){}int noop3122(){}int noop3123(){}int noop3124(){}int noop3125(){}int noop3126(){}int noop3127(){}int noop3128(){}int noop3129(){}int noop3130(){}int noop3131(){}int noop3132(){}int noop3133(){}int noop3134(){}int noop3135(){}int noop3136(){}int noop3137(){}int noop3138(){}int noop3139(){}int noop3140(){}int noop3141(){}int noop3142(){}int noop3143(){}int noop3144(){}int noop3145(){}int noop3146(){}int noop3147(){}int noop3148(){}int noop3149(){}int noop3150(){}int noop3151(){}int noop3152(){}int noop3153(){}int noop3154(){}int noop3155(){}int noop3156(){}int noop3157(){}int noop3158(){}int noop3159(){}int noop3160(){}int noop3161(){}int noop3162(){}int noop3163(){}int noop3164(){}int noop3165(){}int noop3166(){}int noop3167(){}int noop3168(){}int noop3169(){}int noop3170(){}int noop3171(){}int noop3172(){}int noop3173(){}int noop3174(){}int noop3175(){}int noop3176(){}int noop3177(){}int noop3178(){}int noop3179(){}int noop3180(){}int noop3181(){}int noop3182(){}int noop3183(){}int noop3184(){}int noop3185(){}int noop3186(){}int noop3187(){}int noop3188(){}int noop3189(){}int noop3190(){}int noop3191(){}int noop3192(){}int noop3193(){}int noop3194(){}int noop3195(){}int noop3196(){}int noop3197(){}int noop3198(){}int noop3199(){}int noop3200(){}int noop3201(){}int noop3202(){}int noop3203(){}int noop3204(){}int noop3205(){}int noop3206(){}int noop3207(){}int noop3208(){}int noop3209(){}int noop3210(){}int noop3211(){}int noop3212(){}int noop3213(){}int noop3214(){}int noop3215(){}int noop3216(){}int noop3217(){}int noop3218(){}int noop3219(){}int noop3220(){}int noop3221(){}int noop3222(){}int noop3223(){}int noop3224(){}int noop3225(){}int noop3226(){}int noop3227(){}int noop3228(){}int noop3229(){}int noop3230(){}int noop3231(){}int noop3232(){}int noop3233(){}int noop3234(){}int noop3235(){}int noop3236(){}int noop3237(){}int noop3238(){}int noop3239(){}int noop3240(){}int noop3241(){}int noop3242(){}int noop3243(){}int noop3244(){}int noop3245(){}int noop3246(){}int noop3247(){}int noop3248(){}int noop3249(){}int noop3250(){}int noop3251(){}int noop3252(){}int noop3253(){}int noop3254(){}int noop3255(){}int noop3256(){}int noop3257(){}int noop3258(){}int noop3259(){}int noop3260(){}int noop3261(){}int noop3262(){}int noop3263(){}int noop3264(){}int noop3265(){}int noop3266(){}int noop3267(){}int noop3268(){}int noop3269(){}int noop3270(){}int noop3271(){}int noop3272(){}int noop3273(){}int noop3274(){}int noop3275(){}int noop3276(){}int noop3277(){}int noop3278(){}int noop3279(){}int noop3280(){}int noop3281(){}int noop3282(){}int noop3283(){}int noop3284(){}int noop3285(){}int noop3286(){}int noop3287(){}int noop3288(){}int noop3289(){}int noop3290(){}int noop3291(){}int noop3292(){}int noop3293(){}int noop3294(){}int noop3295(){}int noop3296(){}int noop3297(){}int noop3298(){}int noop3299(){}int noop3300(){}int noop3301(){}int noop3302(){}int noop3303(){}int noop3304(){}int noop3305(){}int noop3306(){}int noop3307(){}int noop3308(){}int noop3309(){}int noop3310(){}int noop3311(){}int noop3312(){}int noop3313(){}int noop3314(){}int noop3315(){}int noop3316(){}int noop3317(){}int noop3318(){}int noop3319(){}int noop3320(){}int noop3321(){}int noop3322(){}int noop3323(){}int noop3324(){}int noop3325(){}int noop3326(){}int noop3327(){}int noop3328(){}int noop3329(){}int noop3330(){}int noop3331(){}int noop3332(){}int noop3333(){}int noop3334(){}int noop3335(){}int noop3336(){}int noop3337(){}int noop3338(){}int noop3339(){}int noop3340(){}int noop3341(){}int noop3342(){}int noop3343(){}int noop3344(){}int noop3345(){}int noop3346(){}int noop3347(){}int noop3348(){}int noop3349(){}int noop3350(){}int noop3351(){}int noop3352(){}int noop3353(){}int noop3354(){}int noop3355(){}int noop3356(){}int noop3357(){}int noop3358(){}int noop3359(){}int noop3360(){}int noop3361(){}int noop3362(){}int noop3363(){}int noop3364(){}int noop3365(){}int noop3366(){}int noop3367(){}int noop3368(){}int noop3369(){}int noop3370(){}int noop3371(){}int noop3372(){}int noop3373(){}int noop3374(){}int noop3375(){}int noop3376(){}int noop3377(){}int noop3378(){}int noop3379(){}int noop3380(){}int noop3381(){}int noop3382(){}int noop3383(){}int noop3384(){}int noop3385(){}int noop3386(){}int noop3387(){}int noop3388(){}int noop3389(){}int noop3390(){}int noop3391(){}int noop3392(){}int noop3393(){}int noop3394(){}int noop3395(){}int noop3396(){}int noop3397(){}int noop3398(){}int noop3399(){}int noop3400(){}int noop3401(){}int noop3402(){}int noop3403(){}int noop3404(){}int noop3405(){}int noop3406(){}int noop3407(){}int noop3408(){}int noop3409(){}int noop3410(){}int noop3411(){}int noop3412(){}int noop3413(){}int noop3414(){}int noop3415(){}int noop3416(){}int noop3417(){}int noop3418(){}int noop3419(){}int noop3420(){}int noop3421(){}int noop3422(){}int noop3423(){}int noop3424(){}int noop3425(){}int noop3426(){}int noop3427(){}int noop3428(){}int noop3429(){}int noop3430(){}int noop3431(){}int noop3432(){}int noop3433(){}int noop3434(){}int noop3435(){}int noop3436(){}int noop3437(){}int noop3438(){}int noop3439(){}int noop3440(){}int noop3441(){}int noop3442(){}int noop3443(){}int noop3444(){}int noop3445(){}int noop3446(){}int noop3447(){}int noop3448(){}int noop3449(){}int noop3450(){}int noop3451(){}int noop3452(){}int noop3453(){}int noop3454(){}int noop3455(){}int noop3456(){}int noop3457(){}int noop3458(){}int noop3459(){}int noop3460(){}int noop3461(){}int noop3462(){}int noop3463(){}int noop3464(){}int noop3465(){}int noop3466(){}int noop3467(){}int noop3468(){}int noop3469(){}int noop3470(){}int noop3471(){}int noop3472(){}int noop3473(){}int noop3474(){}int noop3475(){}int noop3476(){}int noop3477(){}int noop3478(){}int noop3479(){}int noop3480(){}int noop3481(){}int noop3482(){}int noop3483(){}int noop3484(){}int noop3485(){}int noop3486(){}int noop3487(){}int noop3488(){}int noop3489(){}int noop3490(){}int noop3491(){}int noop3492(){}int noop3493(){}int noop3494(){}int noop3495(){}int noop3496(){}int noop3497(){}int noop3498(){}int noop3499(){}int noop3500(){}int noop3501(){}int noop3502(){}int noop3503(){}int noop3504(){}int noop3505(){}int noop3506(){}int noop3507(){}int noop3508(){}int noop3509(){}int noop3510(){}int noop3511(){}int noop3512(){}int noop3513(){}int noop3514(){}int noop3515(){}int noop3516(){}int noop3517(){}int noop3518(){}int noop3519(){}int noop3520(){}int noop3521(){}int noop3522(){}int noop3523(){}int noop3524(){}int noop3525(){}int noop3526(){}int noop3527(){}int noop3528(){}int noop3529(){}int noop3530(){}int noop3531(){}int noop3532(){}int noop3533(){}int noop3534(){}int noop3535(){}int noop3536(){}int noop3537(){}int noop3538(){}int noop3539(){}int noop3540(){}int noop3541(){}int noop3542(){}int noop3543(){}int noop3544(){}int noop3545(){}int noop3546(){}int noop3547(){}int noop3548(){}int noop3549(){}int noop3550(){}int noop3551(){}int noop3552(){}int noop3553(){}int noop3554(){}int noop3555(){}int noop3556(){}int noop3557(){}int noop3558(){}int noop3559(){}int noop3560(){}int noop3561(){}int noop3562(){}int noop3563(){}int noop3564(){}int noop3565(){}int noop3566(){}int noop3567(){}int noop3568(){}int noop3569(){}int noop3570(){}int noop3571(){}int noop3572(){}int noop3573(){}int noop3574(){}int noop3575(){}int noop3576(){}int noop3577(){}int noop3578(){}int noop3579(){}int noop3580(){}int noop3581(){}int noop3582(){}int noop3583(){}int noop3584(){}int noop3585(){}int noop3586(){}int noop3587(){}int noop3588(){}int noop3589(){}int noop3590(){}int noop3591(){}int noop3592(){}int noop3593(){}int noop3594(){}int noop3595(){}int noop3596(){}int noop3597(){}int noop3598(){}int noop3599(){}int noop3600(){}int noop3601(){}int noop3602(){}int noop3603(){}int noop3604(){}int noop3605(){}int noop3606(){}int noop3607(){}int noop3608(){}int noop3609(){}int noop3610(){}int noop3611(){}int noop3612(){}int noop3613(){}int noop3614(){}int noop3615(){}int noop3616(){}int noop3617(){}int noop3618(){}int noop3619(){}int noop3620(){}int noop3621(){}int noop3622(){}int noop3623(){}int noop3624(){}int noop3625(){}int noop3626(){}int noop3627(){}int noop3628(){}int noop3629(){}int noop3630(){}int noop3631(){}int noop3632(){}int noop3633(){}int noop3634(){}int noop3635(){}int noop3636(){}int noop3637(){}int noop3638(){}int noop3639(){}int noop3640(){}int noop3641(){}int noop3642(){}int noop3643(){}int noop3644(){}int noop3645(){}int noop3646(){}int noop3647(){}int noop3648(){}int noop3649(){}int noop3650(){}int noop3651(){}int noop3652(){}int noop3653(){}int noop3654(){}int noop3655(){}int noop3656(){}int noop3657(){}int noop3658(){}int noop3659(){}int noop3660(){}int noop3661(){}int noop3662(){}int noop3663(){}int noop3664(){}int noop3665(){}int noop3666(){}int noop3667(){}int noop3668(){}int noop3669(){}int noop3670(){}int noop3671(){}int noop3672(){}int noop3673(){}int noop3674(){}int noop3675(){}int noop3676(){}int noop3677(){}int noop3678(){}int noop3679(){}int noop3680(){}int noop3681(){}int noop3682(){}int noop3683(){}int noop3684(){}int noop3685(){}int noop3686(){}int noop3687(){}int noop3688(){}int noop3689(){}int noop3690(){}int noop3691(){}int noop3692(){}int noop3693(){}int noop3694(){}int noop3695(){}int noop3696(){}int noop3697(){}int noop3698(){}int noop3699(){}int noop3700(){}int noop3701(){}int noop3702(){}int noop3703(){}int noop3704(){}int noop3705(){}int noop3706(){}int noop3707(){}int noop3708(){}int noop3709(){}int noop3710(){}int noop3711(){}int noop3712(){}int noop3713(){}int noop3714(){}int noop3715(){}int noop3716(){}int noop3717(){}int noop3718(){}int noop3719(){}int noop3720(){}int noop3721(){}int noop3722(){}int noop3723(){}int noop3724(){}int noop3725(){}int noop3726(){}int noop3727(){}int noop3728(){}int noop3729(){}int noop3730(){}int noop3731(){}int noop3732(){}int noop3733(){}int noop3734(){}int noop3735(){}int noop3736(){}int noop3737(){}int noop3738(){}int noop3739(){}int noop3740(){}int noop3741(){}int noop3742(){}int noop3743(){}int noop3744(){}int noop3745(){}int noop3746(){}int noop3747(){}int noop3748(){}int noop3749(){}int noop3750(){}int noop3751(){}int noop3752(){}int noop3753(){}int noop3754(){}int noop3755(){}int noop3756(){}int noop3757(){}int noop3758(){}int noop3759(){}int noop3760(){}int noop3761(){}int noop3762(){}int noop3763(){}int noop3764(){}int noop3765(){}int noop3766(){}int noop3767(){}int noop3768(){}int noop3769(){}int noop3770(){}int noop3771(){}int noop3772(){}int noop3773(){}int noop3774(){}int noop3775(){}int noop3776(){}int noop3777(){}int noop3778(){}int noop3779(){}int noop3780(){}int noop3781(){}int noop3782(){}int noop3783(){}int noop3784(){}int noop3785(){}int noop3786(){}int noop3787(){}int noop3788(){}int noop3789(){}int noop3790(){}int noop3791(){}int noop3792(){}int noop3793(){}int noop3794(){}int noop3795(){}int noop3796(){}int noop3797(){}int noop3798(){}int noop3799(){}int noop3800(){}int noop3801(){}int noop3802(){}int noop3803(){}int noop3804(){}int noop3805(){}int noop3806(){}int noop3807(){}int noop3808(){}int noop3809(){}int noop3810(){}int noop3811(){}int noop3812(){}int noop3813(){}int noop3814(){}int noop3815(){}int noop3816(){}int noop3817(){}int noop3818(){}int noop3819(){}int noop3820(){}int noop3821(){}int noop3822(){}int noop3823(){}int noop3824(){}int noop3825(){}int noop3826(){}int noop3827(){}int noop3828(){}int noop3829(){}int noop3830(){}int noop3831(){}int noop3832(){}int noop3833(){}int noop3834(){}int noop3835(){}int noop3836(){}int noop3837(){}int noop3838(){}int noop3839(){}int noop3840(){}int noop3841(){}int noop3842(){}int noop3843(){}int noop3844(){}int noop3845(){}int noop3846(){}int noop3847(){}int noop3848(){}int noop3849(){}int noop3850(){}int noop3851(){}int noop3852(){}int noop3853(){}int noop3854(){}int noop3855(){}int noop3856(){}int noop3857(){}int noop3858(){}int noop3859(){}int noop3860(){}int noop3861(){}int noop3862(){}int noop3863(){}int noop3864(){}int noop3865(){}int noop3866(){}int noop3867(){}int noop3868(){}int noop3869(){}int noop3870(){}int noop3871(){}int noop3872(){}int noop3873(){}int noop3874(){}int noop3875(){}int noop3876(){}int noop3877(){}int noop3878(){}int noop3879(){}int noop3880(){}int noop3881(){}int noop3882(){}int noop3883(){}int noop3884(){}int noop3885(){}int noop3886(){}int noop3887(){}int noop3888(){}int noop3889(){}int noop3890(){}int noop3891(){}int noop3892(){}int noop3893(){}int noop3894(){}int noop3895(){}int noop3896(){}int noop3897(){}int noop3898(){}int noop3899(){}int noop3900(){}int noop3901(){}int noop3902(){}int noop3903(){}int noop3904(){}int noop3905(){}int noop3906(){}int noop3907(){}int noop3908(){}int noop3909(){}int noop3910(){}int noop3911(){}int noop3912(){}int noop3913(){}int noop3914(){}int noop3915(){}int noop3916(){}int noop3917(){}int noop3918(){}int noop3919(){}int noop3920(){}int noop3921(){}int noop3922(){}int noop3923(){}int noop3924(){}int noop3925(){}int noop3926(){}int noop3927(){}int noop3928(){}int noop3929(){}int noop3930(){}int noop3931(){}int noop3932(){}int noop3933(){}int noop3934(){}int noop3935(){}int noop3936(){}int noop3937(){}int noop3938(){}int noop3939(){}int noop3940(){}int noop3941(){}int noop3942(){}int noop3943(){}int noop3944(){}int noop3945(){}int noop3946(){}int noop3947(){}int noop3948(){}int noop3949(){}int noop3950(){}int noop3951(){}int noop3952(){}int noop3953(){}int noop3954(){}int noop3955(){}int noop3956(){}int noop3957(){}int noop3958(){}int noop3959(){}int noop3960(){}int noop3961(){}int noop3962(){}int noop3963(){}int noop3964(){}int noop3965(){}int noop3966(){}int noop3967(){}int noop3968(){}int noop3969(){}int noop3970(){}int noop3971(){}int noop3972(){}int noop3973(){}int noop3974(){}int noop3975(){}int noop3976(){}int noop3977(){}int noop3978(){}int noop3979(){}int noop3980(){}int noop3981(){}int noop3982(){}int noop3983(){}int noop3984(){}int noop3985(){}int noop3986(){}int noop3987(){}int noop3988(){}int noop3989(){}int noop3990(){}int noop3991(){}int noop3992(){}int noop3993(){}int noop3994(){}int noop3995(){}int noop3996(){}int noop3997(){}int noop3998(){}int noop3999(){}int noop4000(){}int noop4001(){}int noop4002(){}int noop4003(){}int noop4004(){}int noop4005(){}int noop4006(){}int noop4007(){}int noop4008(){}int noop4009(){}int noop4010(){}int noop4011(){}int noop4012(){}int noop4013(){}int noop4014(){}int noop4015(){}int noop4016(){}int noop4017(){}int noop4018(){}int noop4019(){}int noop4020(){}int noop4021(){}int noop4022(){}int noop4023(){}int noop4024(){}int noop4025(){}int noop4026(){}int noop4027(){}int noop4028(){}int noop4029(){}int noop4030(){}int noop4031(){}int noop4032(){}int noop4033(){}int noop4034(){}int noop4035(){}int noop4036(){}int noop4037(){}int noop4038(){}int noop4039(){}int noop4040(){}int noop4041(){}int noop4042(){}int noop4043(){}int noop4044(){}int noop4045(){}int noop4046(){}int noop4047(){}int noop4048(){}int noop4049(){}int noop4050(){}int noop4051(){}int noop4052(){}int noop4053(){}int noop4054(){}int noop4055(){}int noop4056(){}int noop4057(){}int noop4058(){}int noop4059(){}int noop4060(){}int noop4061(){}int noop4062(){}int noop4063(){}int noop4064(){}int noop4065(){}int noop4066(){}int noop4067(){}int noop4068(){}int noop4069(){}int noop4070(){}int noop4071(){}int noop4072(){}int noop4073(){}int noop4074(){}int noop4075(){}int noop4076(){}int noop4077(){}int noop4078(){}int noop4079(){}int noop4080(){}int noop4081(){}int noop4082(){}int noop4083(){}int noop4084(){}int noop4085(){}int noop4086(){}int noop4087(){}int noop4088(){}int noop4089(){}int noop4090(){}int noop4091(){}int noop4092(){}int noop4093(){}int noop4094(){}int noop4095(){}int noop4096(){}int noop4097(){}int noop4098(){}int noop4099(){}int noop4100(){}int noop4101(){}int noop4102(){}int noop4103(){}int noop4104(){}int noop4105(){}int noop4106(){}int noop4107(){}int noop4108(){}int noop4109(){}int noop4110(){}int noop4111(){}int noop4112(){}int noop4113(){}int noop4114(){}int noop4115(){}int noop4116(){}int noop4117(){}int noop4118(){}int noop4119(){}int noop4120(){}int noop4121(){}int noop4122(){}int noop4123(){}int noop4124(){}int noop4125(){}int noop4126(){}int noop4127(){}int noop4128(){}int noop4129(){}int noop4130(){}int noop4131(){}int noop4132(){}int noop4133(){}int noop4134(){}int noop4135(){}int noop4136(){}int noop4137(){}int noop4138(){}int noop4139(){}int noop4140(){}int noop4141(){}int noop4142(){}int noop4143(){}int noop4144(){}int noop4145(){}int noop4146(){}int noop4147(){}int noop4148(){}int noop4149(){}int noop4150(){}int noop4151(){}int noop4152(){}int noop4153(){}int noop4154(){}int noop4155(){}int noop4156(){}int noop4157(){}int noop4158(){}int noop4159(){}int noop4160(){}int noop4161(){}int noop4162(){}int noop4163(){}int noop4164(){}int noop4165(){}int noop4166(){}int noop4167(){}int noop4168(){}int noop4169(){}int noop4170(){}int noop4171(){}int noop4172(){}int noop4173(){}int noop4174(){}int noop4175(){}int noop4176(){}int noop4177(){}int noop4178(){}int noop4179(){}int noop4180(){}int noop4181(){}int noop4182(){}int noop4183(){}int noop4184(){}int noop4185(){}int noop4186(){}int noop4187(){}int noop4188(){}int noop4189(){}int noop4190(){}int noop4191(){}int noop4192(){}int noop4193(){}int noop4194(){}int noop4195(){}int noop4196(){}int noop4197(){}int noop4198(){}int noop4199(){}int noop4200(){}int noop4201(){}int noop4202(){}int noop4203(){}int noop4204(){}int noop4205(){}int noop4206(){}int noop4207(){}int noop4208(){}int noop4209(){}int noop4210(){}int noop4211(){}int noop4212(){}int noop4213(){}int noop4214(){}int noop4215(){}int noop4216(){}int noop4217(){}int noop4218(){}int noop4219(){}int noop4220(){}int noop4221(){}int noop4222(){}int noop4223(){}int noop4224(){}int noop4225(){}int noop4226(){}int noop4227(){}int noop4228(){}int noop4229(){}int noop4230(){}int noop4231(){}int noop4232(){}int noop4233(){}int noop4234(){}int noop4235(){}int noop4236(){}int noop4237(){}int noop4238(){}int noop4239(){}int noop4240(){}int noop4241(){}int noop4242(){}int noop4243(){}int noop4244(){}int noop4245(){}int noop4246(){}int noop4247(){}int noop4248(){}int noop4249(){}int noop4250(){}int noop4251(){}int noop4252(){}int noop4253(){}int noop4254(){}int noop4255(){}int noop4256(){}int noop4257(){}int noop4258(){}int noop4259(){}int noop4260(){}int noop4261(){}int noop4262(){}int noop4263(){}int noop4264(){}int noop4265(){}int noop4266(){}int noop4267(){}int noop4268(){}int noop4269(){}int noop4270(){}int noop4271(){}int noop4272(){}int noop4273(){}int noop4274(){}int noop4275(){}int noop4276(){}int noop4277(){}int noop4278(){}int noop4279(){}int noop4280(){}int noop4281(){}int noop4282(){}int noop4283(){}int noop4284(){}int noop4285(){}int noop4286(){}int noop4287(){}int noop4288(){}int noop4289(){}int noop4290(){}int noop4291(){}int noop4292(){}int noop4293(){}int noop4294(){}int noop4295(){}int noop4296(){}int noop4297(){}int noop4298(){}int noop4299(){}int noop4300(){}int noop4301(){}int noop4302(){}int noop4303(){}int noop4304(){}int noop4305(){}int noop4306(){}int noop4307(){}int noop4308(){}int noop4309(){}int noop4310(){}int noop4311(){}int noop4312(){}int noop4313(){}int noop4314(){}int noop4315(){}int noop4316(){}int noop4317(){}int noop4318(){}int noop4319(){}int noop4320(){}int noop4321(){}int noop4322(){}int noop4323(){}int noop4324(){}int noop4325(){}int noop4326(){}int noop4327(){}int noop4328(){}int noop4329(){}int noop4330(){}int noop4331(){}int noop4332(){}int noop4333(){}int noop4334(){}int noop4335(){}int noop4336(){}int noop4337(){}int noop4338(){}int noop4339(){}int noop4340(){}int noop4341(){}int noop4342(){}int noop4343(){}int noop4344(){}int noop4345(){}int noop4346(){}int noop4347(){}int noop4348(){}int noop4349(){}int noop4350(){}int noop4351(){}int noop4352(){}int noop4353(){}int noop4354(){}int noop4355(){}int noop4356(){}int noop4357(){}int noop4358(){}int noop4359(){}int noop4360(){}int noop4361(){}int noop4362(){}int noop4363(){}int noop4364(){}int noop4365(){}int noop4366(){}int noop4367(){}int noop4368(){}int noop4369(){}int noop4370(){}int noop4371(){}int noop4372(){}int noop4373(){}int noop4374(){}int noop4375(){}int noop4376(){}int noop4377(){}int noop4378(){}int noop4379(){}int noop4380(){}int noop4381(){}int noop4382(){}int noop4383(){}int noop4384(){}int noop4385(){}int noop4386(){}int noop4387(){}int noop4388(){}int noop4389(){}int noop4390(){}int noop4391(){}int noop4392(){}int noop4393(){}int noop4394(){}int noop4395(){}int noop4396(){}int noop4397(){}int noop4398(){}int noop4399(){}int noop4400(){}int noop4401(){}int noop4402(){}int noop4403(){}int noop4404(){}int noop4405(){}int noop4406(){}int noop4407(){}int noop4408(){}int noop4409(){}int noop4410(){}int noop4411(){}int noop4412(){}int noop4413(){}int noop4414(){}int noop4415(){}int noop4416(){}int noop4417(){}int noop4418(){}int noop4419(){}int noop4420(){}int noop4421(){}int noop4422(){}int noop4423(){}int noop4424(){}int noop4425(){}int noop4426(){}int noop4427(){}int noop4428(){}int noop4429(){}int noop4430(){}int noop4431(){}int noop4432(){}int noop4433(){}int noop4434(){}int noop4435(){}int noop4436(){}int noop4437(){}int noop4438(){}int noop4439(){}int noop4440(){}int noop4441(){}int noop4442(){}int noop4443(){}int noop4444(){}int noop4445(){}int noop4446(){}int noop4447(){}int noop4448(){}int noop4449(){}int noop4450(){}int noop4451(){}int noop4452(){}int noop4453(){}int noop4454(){}int noop4455(){}int noop4456(){}int noop4457(){}int noop4458(){}int noop4459(){}int noop4460(){}int noop4461(){}int noop4462(){}int noop4463(){}int noop4464(){}int noop4465(){}int noop4466(){}int noop4467(){}int noop4468(){}int noop4469(){}int noop4470(){}int noop4471(){}int noop4472(){}int noop4473(){}int noop4474(){}int noop4475(){}int noop4476(){}int noop4477(){}int noop4478(){}int noop4479(){}int noop4480(){}int noop4481(){}int noop4482(){}int noop4483(){}int noop4484(){}int noop4485(){}int noop4486(){}int noop4487(){}int noop4488(){}int noop4489(){}int noop4490(){}int noop4491(){}int noop4492(){}int noop4493(){}int noop4494(){}int noop4495(){}int noop4496(){}int noop4497(){}int noop4498(){}int noop4499(){}int noop4500(){}int noop4501(){}int noop4502(){}int noop4503(){}int noop4504(){}int noop4505(){}int noop4506(){}int noop4507(){}int noop4508(){}int noop4509(){}int noop4510(){}int noop4511(){}int noop4512(){}int noop4513(){}int noop4514(){}int noop4515(){}int noop4516(){}int noop4517(){}int noop4518(){}int noop4519(){}int noop4520(){}int noop4521(){}int noop4522(){}int noop4523(){}int noop4524(){}int noop4525(){}int noop4526(){}int noop4527(){}int noop4528(){}int noop4529(){}int noop4530(){}int noop4531(){}int noop4532(){}int noop4533(){}int noop4534(){}int noop4535(){}int noop4536(){}int noop4537(){}int noop4538(){}int noop4539(){}int noop4540(){}int noop4541(){}int noop4542(){}int noop4543(){}int noop4544(){}int noop4545(){}int noop4546(){}int noop4547(){}int noop4548(){}int noop4549(){}int noop4550(){}int noop4551(){}int noop4552(){}int noop4553(){}int noop4554(){}int noop4555(){}int noop4556(){}int noop4557(){}int noop4558(){}int noop4559(){}int noop4560(){}int noop4561(){}int noop4562(){}int noop4563(){}int noop4564(){}int noop4565(){}int noop4566(){}int noop4567(){}int noop4568(){}int noop4569(){}int noop4570(){}int noop4571(){}int noop4572(){}int noop4573(){}int noop4574(){}int noop4575(){}int noop4576(){}int noop4577(){}int noop4578(){}int noop4579(){}int noop4580(){}int noop4581(){}int noop4582(){}int noop4583(){}int noop4584(){}int noop4585(){}int noop4586(){}int noop4587(){}int noop4588(){}int noop4589(){}int noop4590(){}int noop4591(){}int noop4592(){}int noop4593(){}int noop4594(){}int noop4595(){}int noop4596(){}int noop4597(){}int noop4598(){}int noop4599(){}int noop4600(){}int noop4601(){}int noop4602(){}int noop4603(){}int noop4604(){}int noop4605(){}int noop4606(){}int noop4607(){}int noop4608(){}int noop4609(){}int noop4610(){}int noop4611(){}int noop4612(){}int noop4613(){}int noop4614(){}int noop4615(){}int noop4616(){}int noop4617(){}int noop4618(){}int noop4619(){}int noop4620(){}int noop4621(){}int noop4622(){}int noop4623(){}int noop4624(){}int noop4625(){}int noop4626(){}int noop4627(){}int noop4628(){}int noop4629(){}int noop4630(){}int noop4631(){}int noop4632(){}int noop4633(){}int noop4634(){}int noop4635(){}int noop4636(){}int noop4637(){}int noop4638(){}int noop4639(){}int noop4640(){}int noop4641(){}int noop4642(){}int noop4643(){}int noop4644(){}int noop4645(){}int noop4646(){}int noop4647(){}int noop4648(){}int noop4649(){}int noop4650(){}int noop4651(){}int noop4652(){}int noop4653(){}int noop4654(){}int noop4655(){}int noop4656(){}int noop4657(){}int noop4658(){}int noop4659(){}int noop4660(){}int noop4661(){}int noop4662(){}int noop4663(){}int noop4664(){}int noop4665(){}int noop4666(){}int noop4667(){}int noop4668(){}int noop4669(){}int noop4670(){}int noop4671(){}int noop4672(){}int noop4673(){}int noop4674(){}int noop4675(){}int noop4676(){}int noop4677(){}int noop4678(){}int noop4679(){}int noop4680(){}int noop4681(){}int noop4682(){}int noop4683(){}int noop4684(){}int noop4685(){}int noop4686(){}int noop4687(){}int noop4688(){}int noop4689(){}int noop4690(){}int noop4691(){}int noop4692(){}int noop4693(){}int noop4694(){}int noop4695(){}int noop4696(){}int noop4697(){}int noop4698(){}int noop4699(){}int noop4700(){}int noop4701(){}int noop4702(){}int noop4703(){}int noop4704(){}int noop4705(){}int noop4706(){}int noop4707(){}int noop4708(){}int noop4709(){}int noop4710(){}int noop4711(){}int noop4712(){}int noop4713(){}int noop4714(){}int noop4715(){}int noop4716(){}int noop4717(){}int noop4718(){}int noop4719(){}int noop4720(){}int noop4721(){}int noop4722(){}int noop4723(){}int noop4724(){}int noop4725(){}int noop4726(){}int noop4727(){}int noop4728(){}int noop4729(){}int noop4730(){}int noop4731(){}int noop4732(){}int noop4733(){}int noop4734(){}int noop4735(){}int noop4736(){}int noop4737(){}int noop4738(){}int noop4739(){}int noop4740(){}int noop4741(){}int noop4742(){}int noop4743(){}int noop4744(){}int noop4745(){}int noop4746(){}int noop4747(){}int noop4748(){}int noop4749(){}int noop4750(){}int noop4751(){}int noop4752(){}int noop4753(){}int noop4754(){}int noop4755(){}int noop4756(){}int noop4757(){}int noop4758(){}int noop4759(){}int noop4760(){}int noop4761(){}int noop4762(){}int noop4763(){}int noop4764(){}int noop4765(){}int noop4766(){}int noop4767(){}int noop4768(){}int noop4769(){}int noop4770(){}int noop4771(){}int noop4772(){}int noop4773(){}int noop4774(){}int noop4775(){}int noop4776(){}int noop4777(){}int noop4778(){}int noop4779(){}int noop4780(){}int noop4781(){}int noop4782(){}int noop4783(){}int noop4784(){}int noop4785(){}int noop4786(){}int noop4787(){}int noop4788(){}int noop4789(){}int noop4790(){}int noop4791(){}int noop4792(){}int noop4793(){}int noop4794(){}int noop4795(){}int noop4796(){}int noop4797(){}int noop4798(){}int noop4799(){}int noop4800(){}int noop4801(){}int noop4802(){}int noop4803(){}int noop4804(){}int noop4805(){}int noop4806(){}int noop4807(){}int noop4808(){}int noop4809(){}int noop4810(){}int noop4811(){}int noop4812(){}int noop4813(){}int noop4814(){}int noop4815(){}int noop4816(){}int noop4817(){}int noop4818(){}int noop4819(){}int noop4820(){}int noop4821(){}int noop4822(){}int noop4823(){}int noop4824(){}int noop4825(){}int noop4826(){}int noop4827(){}int noop4828(){}int noop4829(){}int noop4830(){}int noop4831(){}int noop4832(){}int noop4833(){}int noop4834(){}int noop4835(){}int noop4836(){}int noop4837(){}int noop4838(){}int noop4839(){}int noop4840(){}int noop4841(){}int noop4842(){}int noop4843(){}int noop4844(){}int noop4845(){}int noop4846(){}int noop4847(){}int noop4848(){}int noop4849(){}int noop4850(){}int noop4851(){}int noop4852(){}int noop4853(){}int noop4854(){}int noop4855(){}int noop4856(){}int noop4857(){}int noop4858(){}int noop4859(){}int noop4860(){}int noop4861(){}int noop4862(){}int noop4863(){}int noop4864(){}int noop4865(){}int noop4866(){}int noop4867(){}int noop4868(){}int noop4869(){}int noop4870(){}int noop4871(){}int noop4872(){}int noop4873(){}int noop4874(){}int noop4875(){}int noop4876(){}int noop4877(){}int noop4878(){}int noop4879(){}int noop4880(){}int noop4881(){}int noop4882(){}int noop4883(){}int noop4884(){}int noop4885(){}int noop4886(){}int noop4887(){}int noop4888(){}int noop4889(){}int noop4890(){}int noop4891(){}int noop4892(){}int noop4893(){}int noop4894(){}int noop4895(){}int noop4896(){}int noop4897(){}int noop4898(){}int noop4899(){}int noop4900(){}int noop4901(){}int noop4902(){}int noop4903(){}int noop4904(){}int noop4905(){}int noop4906(){}int noop4907(){}int noop4908(){}int noop4909(){}int noop4910(){}int noop4911(){}int noop4912(){}int noop4913(){}int noop4914(){}int noop4915(){}int noop4916(){}int noop4917(){}int noop4918(){}int noop4919(){}int noop4920(){}int noop4921(){}int noop4922(){}int noop4923(){}int noop4924(){}int noop4925(){}int noop4926(){}int noop4927(){}int noop4928(){}int noop4929(){}int noop4930(){}int noop4931(){}int noop4932(){}int noop4933(){}int noop4934(){}int noop4935(){}int noop4936(){}int noop4937(){}int noop4938(){}int noop4939(){}int noop4940(){}int noop4941(){}int noop4942(){}int noop4943(){}int noop4944(){}int noop4945(){}int noop4946(){}int noop4947(){}int noop4948(){}int noop4949(){}int noop4950(){}int noop4951(){}int noop4952(){}int noop4953(){}int noop4954(){}int noop4955(){}int noop4956(){}int noop4957(){}int noop4958(){}int noop4959(){}int noop4960(){}int noop4961(){}int noop4962(){}int noop4963(){}int noop4964(){}int noop4965(){}int noop4966(){}int noop4967(){}int noop4968(){}int noop4969(){}int noop4970(){}int noop4971(){}int noop4972(){}int noop4973(){}int noop4974(){}int noop4975(){}int noop4976(){}int noop4977(){}int noop4978(){}int noop4979(){}int noop4980(){}int noop4981(){}int noop4982(){}int noop4983(){}int noop4984(){}int noop4985(){}int noop4986(){}int noop4987(){}int noop4988(){}int noop4989(){}int noop4990(){}int noop4991(){}int noop4992(){}int noop4993(){}int noop4994(){}int noop4995(){}int noop4996(){}int noop4997(){}int noop4998(){}int noop4999(){}int noop5000(){}int noop5001(){}int noop5002(){}int noop5003(){}int noop5004(){}int noop5005(){}int noop5006(){}int noop5007(){}int noop5008(){}int noop5009(){}int noop5010(){}int noop5011(){}int noop5012(){}int noop5013(){}int noop5014(){}int noop5015(){}int noop5016(){}int noop5017(){}int noop5018(){}int noop5019(){}int noop5020(){}int noop5021(){}int noop5022(){}int noop5023(){}int noop5024(){}int noop5025(){}int noop5026(){}int noop5027(){}int noop5028(){}int noop5029(){}int noop5030(){}int noop5031(){}int noop5032(){}int noop5033(){}int noop5034(){}int noop5035(){}int noop5036(){}int noop5037(){}int noop5038(){}int noop5039(){}int noop5040(){}int noop5041(){}int noop5042(){}int noop5043(){}int noop5044(){}int noop5045(){}int noop5046(){}int noop5047(){}int noop5048(){}int noop5049(){}int noop5050(){}int noop5051(){}int noop5052(){}int noop5053(){}int noop5054(){}int noop5055(){}int noop5056(){}int noop5057(){}int noop5058(){}int noop5059(){}int noop5060(){}int noop5061(){}int noop5062(){}int noop5063(){}int noop5064(){}int noop5065(){}int noop5066(){}int noop5067(){}int noop5068(){}int noop5069(){}int noop5070(){}int noop5071(){}int noop5072(){}int noop5073(){}int noop5074(){}int noop5075(){}int noop5076(){}int noop5077(){}int noop5078(){}int noop5079(){}int noop5080(){}int noop5081(){}int noop5082(){}int noop5083(){}int noop5084(){}int noop5085(){}int noop5086(){}int noop5087(){}int noop5088(){}int noop5089(){}int noop5090(){}int noop5091(){}int noop5092(){}int noop5093(){}int noop5094(){}int noop5095(){}int noop5096(){}int noop5097(){}int noop5098(){}int noop5099(){}int noop5100(){}int noop5101(){}int noop5102(){}int noop5103(){}int noop5104(){}int noop5105(){}int noop5106(){}int noop5107(){}int noop5108(){}int noop5109(){}int noop5110(){}int noop5111(){}int noop5112(){}int noop5113(){}int noop5114(){}int noop5115(){}int noop5116(){}int noop5117(){}int noop5118(){}int noop5119(){}int noop5120(){}int noop5121(){}int noop5122(){}int noop5123(){}int noop5124(){}int noop5125(){}int noop5126(){}int noop5127(){}int noop5128(){}int noop5129(){}int noop5130(){}int noop5131(){}int noop5132(){}int noop5133(){}int noop5134(){}int noop5135(){}int noop5136(){}int noop5137(){}int noop5138(){}int noop5139(){}int noop5140(){}int noop5141(){}int noop5142(){}int noop5143(){}int noop5144(){}int noop5145(){}int noop5146(){}int noop5147(){}int noop5148(){}int noop5149(){}int noop5150(){}int noop5151(){}int noop5152(){}int noop5153(){}int noop5154(){}int noop5155(){}int noop5156(){}int noop5157(){}int noop5158(){}int noop5159(){}int noop5160(){}int noop5161(){}int noop5162(){}int noop5163(){}int noop5164(){}int noop5165(){}int noop5166(){}int noop5167(){}int noop5168(){}int noop5169(){}int noop5170(){}int noop5171(){}int noop5172(){}int noop5173(){}int noop5174(){}int noop5175(){}int noop5176(){}int noop5177(){}int noop5178(){}int noop5179(){}int noop5180(){}int noop5181(){}int noop5182(){}int noop5183(){}int noop5184(){}int noop5185(){}int noop5186(){}int noop5187(){}int noop5188(){}int noop5189(){}int noop5190(){}int noop5191(){}int noop5192(){}int noop5193(){}int noop5194(){}int noop5195(){}int noop5196(){}int noop5197(){}int noop5198(){}int noop5199(){}int noop5200(){}int noop5201(){}int noop5202(){}int noop5203(){}int noop5204(){}int noop5205(){}int noop5206(){}int noop5207(){}int noop5208(){}int noop5209(){}int noop5210(){}int noop5211(){}int noop5212(){}int noop5213(){}int noop5214(){}int noop5215(){}int noop5216(){}int noop5217(){}int noop5218(){}int noop5219(){}int noop5220(){}int noop5221(){}int noop5222(){}int noop5223(){}int noop5224(){}int noop5225(){}int noop5226(){}int noop5227(){}int noop5228(){}int noop5229(){}int noop5230(){}int noop5231(){}int noop5232(){}int noop5233(){}int noop5234(){}int noop5235(){}int noop5236(){}int noop5237(){}int noop5238(){}int noop5239(){}int noop5240(){}int noop5241(){}int noop5242(){}int noop5243(){}int noop5244(){}int noop5245(){}int noop5246(){}int noop5247(){}int noop5248(){}int noop5249(){}int noop5250(){}int noop5251(){}int noop5252(){}int noop5253(){}int noop5254(){}int noop5255(){}int noop5256(){}int noop5257(){}int noop5258(){}int noop5259(){}int noop5260(){}int noop5261(){}int noop5262(){}int noop5263(){}int noop5264(){}int noop5265(){}int noop5266(){}int noop5267(){}int noop5268(){}int noop5269(){}int noop5270(){}int noop5271(){}int noop5272(){}int noop5273(){}int noop5274(){}int noop5275(){}int noop5276(){}int noop5277(){}int noop5278(){}int noop5279(){}int noop5280(){}int noop5281(){}int noop5282(){}int noop5283(){}int noop5284(){}int noop5285(){}int noop5286(){}int noop5287(){}int noop5288(){}int noop5289(){}int noop5290(){}int noop5291(){}int noop5292(){}int noop5293(){}int noop5294(){}int noop5295(){}int noop5296(){}int noop5297(){}int noop5298(){}int noop5299(){}int noop5300(){}int noop5301(){}int noop5302(){}int noop5303(){}int noop5304(){}int noop5305(){}int noop5306(){}int noop5307(){}int noop5308(){}int noop5309(){}int noop5310(){}int noop5311(){}int noop5312(){}int noop5313(){}int noop5314(){}int noop5315(){}int noop5316(){}int noop5317(){}int noop5318(){}int noop5319(){}int noop5320(){}int noop5321(){}int noop5322(){}int noop5323(){}int noop5324(){}int noop5325(){}int noop5326(){}int noop5327(){}int noop5328(){}int noop5329(){}int noop5330(){}int noop5331(){}int noop5332(){}int noop5333(){}int noop5334(){}int noop5335(){}int noop5336(){}int noop5337(){}int noop5338(){}int noop5339(){}int noop5340(){}int noop5341(){}int noop5342(){}int noop5343(){}int noop5344(){}int noop5345(){}int noop5346(){}int noop5347(){}int noop5348(){}int noop5349(){}int noop5350(){}int noop5351(){}int noop5352(){}int noop5353(){}int noop5354(){}int noop5355(){}int noop5356(){}int noop5357(){}int noop5358(){}int noop5359(){}int noop5360(){}int noop5361(){}int noop5362(){}int noop5363(){}int noop5364(){}int noop5365(){}int noop5366(){}int noop5367(){}int noop5368(){}int noop5369(){}int noop5370(){}int noop5371(){}int noop5372(){}int noop5373(){}int noop5374(){}int noop5375(){}int noop5376(){}int noop5377(){}int noop5378(){}int noop5379(){}int noop5380(){}int noop5381(){}int noop5382(){}int noop5383(){}int noop5384(){}int noop5385(){}int noop5386(){}int noop5387(){}int noop5388(){}int noop5389(){}int noop5390(){}int noop5391(){}int noop5392(){}int noop5393(){}int noop5394(){}int noop5395(){}int noop5396(){}int noop5397(){}int noop5398(){}int noop5399(){}int noop5400(){}int noop5401(){}int noop5402(){}int noop5403(){}int noop5404(){}int noop5405(){}int noop5406(){}int noop5407(){}int noop5408(){}int noop5409(){}int noop5410(){}int noop5411(){}int noop5412(){}int noop5413(){}int noop5414(){}int noop5415(){}int noop5416(){}int noop5417(){}int noop5418(){}int noop5419(){}int noop5420(){}int noop5421(){}int noop5422(){}int noop5423(){}int noop5424(){}int noop5425(){}int noop5426(){}int noop5427(){}int noop5428(){}int noop5429(){}int noop5430(){}int noop5431(){}int noop5432(){}int noop5433(){}int noop5434(){}int noop5435(){}int noop5436(){}int noop5437(){}int noop5438(){}int noop5439(){}int noop5440(){}int noop5441(){}int noop5442(){}int noop5443(){}int noop5444(){}int noop5445(){}int noop5446(){}int noop5447(){}int noop5448(){}int noop5449(){}int noop5450(){}int noop5451(){}int noop5452(){}int noop5453(){}int noop5454(){}int noop5455(){}int noop5456(){}int noop5457(){}int noop5458(){}int noop5459(){}int noop5460(){}int noop5461(){}int noop5462(){}int noop5463(){}int noop5464(){}int noop5465(){}int noop5466(){}int noop5467(){}int noop5468(){}int noop5469(){}int noop5470(){}int noop5471(){}int noop5472(){}int noop5473(){}int noop5474(){}int noop5475(){}int noop5476(){}int noop5477(){}int noop5478(){}int noop5479(){}int noop5480(){}int noop5481(){}int noop5482(){}int noop5483(){}int noop5484(){}int noop5485(){}int noop5486(){}int noop5487(){}int noop5488(){}int noop5489(){}int noop5490(){}int noop5491(){}int noop5492(){}int noop5493(){}int noop5494(){}int noop5495(){}int noop5496(){}int noop5497(){}int noop5498(){}int noop5499(){}int noop5500(){}int noop5501(){}int noop5502(){}int noop5503(){}int noop5504(){}int noop5505(){}int noop5506(){}int noop5507(){}int noop5508(){}int noop5509(){}int noop5510(){}int noop5511(){}int noop5512(){}int noop5513(){}int noop5514(){}int noop5515(){}int noop5516(){}int noop5517(){}int noop5518(){}int noop5519(){}int noop5520(){}int noop5521(){}int noop5522(){}int noop5523(){}int noop5524(){}int noop5525(){}int noop5526(){}int noop5527(){}int noop5528(){}int noop5529(){}int noop5530(){}int noop5531(){}int noop5532(){}int noop5533(){}int noop5534(){}int noop5535(){}int noop5536(){}int noop5537(){}int noop5538(){}int noop5539(){}int noop5540(){}int noop5541(){}int noop5542(){}int noop5543(){}int noop5544(){}int noop5545(){}int noop5546(){}int noop5547(){}int noop5548(){}int noop5549(){}int noop5550(){}int noop5551(){}int noop5552(){}int noop5553(){}int noop5554(){}int noop5555(){}int noop5556(){}int noop5557(){}int noop5558(){}int noop5559(){}int noop5560(){}int noop5561(){}int noop5562(){}int noop5563(){}int noop5564(){}int noop5565(){}int noop5566(){}int noop5567(){}int noop5568(){}int noop5569(){}int noop5570(){}int noop5571(){}int noop5572(){}int noop5573(){}int noop5574(){}int noop5575(){}int noop5576(){}int noop5577(){}int noop5578(){}int noop5579(){}int noop5580(){}int noop5581(){}int noop5582(){}int noop5583(){}int noop5584(){}int noop5585(){}int noop5586(){}int noop5587(){}int noop5588(){}int noop5589(){}int noop5590(){}int noop5591(){}int noop5592(){}int noop5593(){}int noop5594(){}int noop5595(){}int noop5596(){}int noop5597(){}int noop5598(){}int noop5599(){}int noop5600(){}int noop5601(){}int noop5602(){}int noop5603(){}int noop5604(){}int noop5605(){}int noop5606(){}int noop5607(){}int noop5608(){}int noop5609(){}int noop5610(){}int noop5611(){}int noop5612(){}int noop5613(){}int noop5614(){}int noop5615(){}int noop5616(){}int noop5617(){}int noop5618(){}int noop5619(){}int noop5620(){}int noop5621(){}int noop5622(){}int noop5623(){}int noop5624(){}int noop5625(){}int noop5626(){}int noop5627(){}int noop5628(){}int noop5629(){}int noop5630(){}int noop5631(){}int noop5632(){}int noop5633(){}int noop5634(){}int noop5635(){}int noop5636(){}int noop5637(){}int noop5638(){}int noop5639(){}int noop5640(){}int noop5641(){}int noop5642(){}int noop5643(){}int noop5644(){}int noop5645(){}int noop5646(){}int noop5647(){}int noop5648(){}int noop5649(){}int noop5650(){}int noop5651(){}int noop5652(){}int noop5653(){}int noop5654(){}int noop5655(){}int noop5656(){}int noop5657(){}int noop5658(){}int noop5659(){}int noop5660(){}int noop5661(){}int noop5662(){}int noop5663(){}int noop5664(){}int noop5665(){}int noop5666(){}int noop5667(){}int noop5668(){}int noop5669(){}int noop5670(){}int noop5671(){}int noop5672(){}int noop5673(){}int noop5674(){}int noop5675(){}int noop5676(){}int noop5677(){}int noop5678(){}int noop5679(){}int noop5680(){}int noop5681(){}int noop5682(){}int noop5683(){}int noop5684(){}int noop5685(){}int noop5686(){}int noop5687(){}int noop5688(){}int noop5689(){}int noop5690(){}int noop5691(){}int noop5692(){}int noop5693(){}int noop5694(){}int noop5695(){}int noop5696(){}int noop5697(){}int noop5698(){}int noop5699(){}int noop5700(){}int noop5701(){}int noop5702(){}int noop5703(){}int noop5704(){}int noop5705(){}int noop5706(){}int noop5707(){}int noop5708(){}int noop5709(){}int noop5710(){}int noop5711(){}int noop5712(){}int noop5713(){}int noop5714(){}int noop5715(){}int noop5716(){}int noop5717(){}int noop5718(){}int noop5719(){}int noop5720(){}int noop5721(){}int noop5722(){}int noop5723(){}int noop5724(){}int noop5725(){}int noop5726(){}int noop5727(){}int noop5728(){}int noop5729(){}int noop5730(){}int noop5731(){}int noop5732(){}int noop5733(){}int noop5734(){}int noop5735(){}int noop5736(){}int noop5737(){}int noop5738(){}int noop5739(){}int noop5740(){}int noop5741(){}int noop5742(){}int noop5743(){}int noop5744(){}int noop5745(){}int noop5746(){}int noop5747(){}int noop5748(){}int noop5749(){}int noop5750(){}int noop5751(){}int noop5752(){}int noop5753(){}int noop5754(){}int noop5755(){}int noop5756(){}int noop5757(){}int noop5758(){}int noop5759(){}int noop5760(){}int noop5761(){}int noop5762(){}int noop5763(){}int noop5764(){}int noop5765(){}int noop5766(){}int noop5767(){}int noop5768(){}int noop5769(){}int noop5770(){}int noop5771(){}int noop5772(){}int noop5773(){}int noop5774(){}int noop5775(){}int noop5776(){}int noop5777(){}int noop5778(){}int noop5779(){}int noop5780(){}int noop5781(){}int noop5782(){}int noop5783(){}int noop5784(){}int noop5785(){}int noop5786(){}int noop5787(){}int noop5788(){}int noop5789(){}int noop5790(){}int noop5791(){}int noop5792(){}int noop5793(){}int noop5794(){}int noop5795(){}int noop5796(){}int noop5797(){}int noop5798(){}int noop5799(){}int noop5800(){}int noop5801(){}int noop5802(){}int noop5803(){}int noop5804(){}int noop5805(){}int noop5806(){}int noop5807(){}int noop5808(){}int noop5809(){}int noop5810(){}int noop5811(){}int noop5812(){}int noop5813(){}int noop5814(){}int noop5815(){}int noop5816(){}int noop5817(){}int noop5818(){}int noop5819(){}int noop5820(){}int noop5821(){}int noop5822(){}int noop5823(){}int noop5824(){}int noop5825(){}int noop5826(){}int noop5827(){}int noop5828(){}int noop5829(){}int noop5830(){}int noop5831(){}int noop5832(){}int noop5833(){}int noop5834(){}int noop5835(){}int noop5836(){}int noop5837(){}int noop5838(){}int noop5839(){}int noop5840(){}int noop5841(){}int noop5842(){}int noop5843(){}int noop5844(){}int noop5845(){}int noop5846(){}int noop5847(){}int noop5848(){}int noop5849(){}int noop5850(){}int noop5851(){}int noop5852(){}int noop5853(){}int noop5854(){}int noop5855(){}int noop5856(){}int noop5857(){}int noop5858(){}int noop5859(){}int noop5860(){}int noop5861(){}int noop5862(){}int noop5863(){}int noop5864(){}int noop5865(){}int noop5866(){}int noop5867(){}int noop5868(){}int noop5869(){}int noop5870(){}int noop5871(){}int noop5872(){}int noop5873(){}int noop5874(){}int noop5875(){}int noop5876(){}int noop5877(){}int noop5878(){}int noop5879(){}int noop5880(){}int noop5881(){}int noop5882(){}int noop5883(){}int noop5884(){}int noop5885(){}int noop5886(){}int noop5887(){}int noop5888(){}int noop5889(){}int noop5890(){}int noop5891(){}int noop5892(){}int noop5893(){}int noop5894(){}int noop5895(){}int noop5896(){}int noop5897(){}int noop5898(){}int noop5899(){}int noop5900(){}int noop5901(){}int noop5902(){}int noop5903(){}int noop5904(){}int noop5905(){}int noop5906(){}int noop5907(){}int noop5908(){}int noop5909(){}int noop5910(){}int noop5911(){}int noop5912(){}int noop5913(){}int noop5914(){}int noop5915(){}int noop5916(){}int noop5917(){}int noop5918(){}int noop5919(){}int noop5920(){}int noop5921(){}int noop5922(){}int noop5923(){}int noop5924(){}int noop5925(){}int noop5926(){}int noop5927(){}int noop5928(){}int noop5929(){}int noop5930(){}int noop5931(){}int noop5932(){}int noop5933(){}int noop5934(){}int noop5935(){}int noop5936(){}int noop5937(){}int noop5938(){}int noop5939(){}int noop5940(){}int noop5941(){}int noop5942(){}int noop5943(){}int noop5944(){}int noop5945(){}int noop5946(){}int noop5947(){}int noop5948(){}int noop5949(){}int noop5950(){}int noop5951(){}int noop5952(){}int noop5953(){}int noop5954(){}int noop5955(){}int noop5956(){}int noop5957(){}int noop5958(){}int noop5959(){}int noop5960(){}int noop5961(){}int noop5962(){}int noop5963(){}int noop5964(){}int noop5965(){}int noop5966(){}int noop5967(){}int noop5968(){}int noop5969(){}int noop5970(){}int noop5971(){}int noop5972(){}int noop5973(){}int noop5974(){}int noop5975(){}int noop5976(){}int noop5977(){}int noop5978(){}int noop5979(){}int noop5980(){}int noop5981(){}int noop5982(){}int noop5983(){}int noop5984(){}int noop5985(){}int noop5986(){}int noop5987(){}int noop5988(){}int noop5989(){}int noop5990(){}int noop5991(){}int noop5992(){}int noop5993(){}int noop5994(){}int noop5995(){}int noop5996(){}int noop5997(){}int noop5998(){}int noop5999(){}int noop6000(){}int noop6001(){}int noop6002(){}int noop6003(){}int noop6004(){}int noop6005(){}int noop6006(){}int noop6007(){}int noop6008(){}int noop6009(){}int noop6010(){}int noop6011(){}int noop6012(){}int noop6013(){}int noop6014(){}int noop6015(){}int noop6016(){}int noop6017(){}int noop6018(){}int noop6019(){}int noop6020(){}int noop6021(){}int noop6022(){}int noop6023(){}int noop6024(){}int noop6025(){}int noop6026(){}int noop6027(){}int noop6028(){}int noop6029(){}int noop6030(){}int noop6031(){}int noop6032(){}int noop6033(){}int noop6034(){}int noop6035(){}int noop6036(){}int noop6037(){}int noop6038(){}int noop6039(){}int noop6040(){}int noop6041(){}int noop6042(){}int noop6043(){}int noop6044(){}int noop6045(){}int noop6046(){}int noop6047(){}int noop6048(){}int noop6049(){}int noop6050(){}int noop6051(){}int noop6052(){}int noop6053(){}int noop6054(){}int noop6055(){}int noop6056(){}int noop6057(){}int noop6058(){}int noop6059(){}int noop6060(){}int noop6061(){}int noop6062(){}int noop6063(){}int noop6064(){}int noop6065(){}int noop6066(){}int noop6067(){}int noop6068(){}int noop6069(){}int noop6070(){}int noop6071(){}int noop6072(){}int noop6073(){}int noop6074(){}int noop6075(){}int noop6076(){}int noop6077(){}int noop6078(){}int noop6079(){}int noop6080(){}int noop6081(){}int noop6082(){}int noop6083(){}int noop6084(){}int noop6085(){}int noop6086(){}int noop6087(){}int noop6088(){}int noop6089(){}int noop6090(){}int noop6091(){}int noop6092(){}int noop6093(){}int noop6094(){}int noop6095(){}int noop6096(){}int noop6097(){}int noop6098(){}int noop6099(){}int noop6100(){}int noop6101(){}int noop6102(){}int noop6103(){}int noop6104(){}int noop6105(){}int noop6106(){}int noop6107(){}int noop6108(){}int noop6109(){}int noop6110(){}int noop6111(){}int noop6112(){}int noop6113(){}int noop6114(){}int noop6115(){}int noop6116(){}int noop6117(){}int noop6118(){}int noop6119(){}int noop6120(){}int noop6121(){}int noop6122(){}int noop6123(){}int noop6124(){}int noop6125(){}int noop6126(){}int noop6127(){}int noop6128(){}int noop6129(){}int noop6130(){}int noop6131(){}int noop6132(){}int noop6133(){}int noop6134(){}int noop6135(){}int noop6136(){}int noop6137(){}int noop6138(){}int noop6139(){}int noop6140(){}int noop6141(){}int noop6142(){}int noop6143(){}int noop6144(){}int noop6145(){}int noop6146(){}int noop6147(){}int noop6148(){}int noop6149(){}int noop6150(){}int noop6151(){}int noop6152(){}int noop6153(){}int noop6154(){}int noop6155(){}int noop6156(){}int noop6157(){}int noop6158(){}int noop6159(){}int noop6160(){}int noop6161(){}int noop6162(){}int noop6163(){}int noop6164(){}int noop6165(){}int noop6166(){}int noop6167(){}int noop6168(){}int noop6169(){}int noop6170(){}int noop6171(){}int noop6172(){}int noop6173(){}int noop6174(){}int noop6175(){}int noop6176(){}int noop6177(){}int noop6178(){}int noop6179(){}int noop6180(){}int noop6181(){}int noop6182(){}int noop6183(){}int noop6184(){}int noop6185(){}int noop6186(){}int noop6187(){}int noop6188(){}int noop6189(){}int noop6190(){}int noop6191(){}int noop6192(){}int noop6193(){}int noop6194(){}int noop6195(){}int noop6196(){}int noop6197(){}int noop6198(){}int noop6199(){}int noop6200(){}int noop6201(){}int noop6202(){}int noop6203(){}int noop6204(){}int noop6205(){}int noop6206(){}int noop6207(){}int noop6208(){}int noop6209(){}int noop6210(){}int noop6211(){}int noop6212(){}int noop6213(){}int noop6214(){}int noop6215(){}int noop6216(){}int noop6217(){}int noop6218(){}int noop6219(){}int noop6220(){}int noop6221(){}int noop6222(){}int noop6223(){}int noop6224(){}int noop6225(){}int noop6226(){}int noop6227(){}int noop6228(){}int noop6229(){}int noop6230(){}int noop6231(){}int noop6232(){}int noop6233(){}int noop6234(){}int noop6235(){}int noop6236(){}int noop6237(){}int noop6238(){}int noop6239(){}int noop6240(){}int noop6241(){}int noop6242(){}int noop6243(){}int noop6244(){}int noop6245(){}int noop6246(){}int noop6247(){}int noop6248(){}int noop6249(){}int noop6250(){}int noop6251(){}int noop6252(){}int noop6253(){}int noop6254(){}int noop6255(){}int noop6256(){}int noop6257(){}int noop6258(){}int noop6259(){}int noop6260(){}int noop6261(){}int noop6262(){}int noop6263(){}int noop6264(){}int noop6265(){}int noop6266(){}int 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noop7321(){}int noop7322(){}int noop7323(){}int noop7324(){}int noop7325(){}int noop7326(){}int noop7327(){}int noop7328(){}int noop7329(){}int noop7330(){}int noop7331(){}int noop7332(){}int noop7333(){}int noop7334(){}int noop7335(){}int noop7336(){}int noop7337(){}int noop7338(){}int noop7339(){}int noop7340(){}int noop7341(){}int noop7342(){}int noop7343(){}int noop7344(){}int noop7345(){}int noop7346(){}int noop7347(){}int noop7348(){}int noop7349(){}int noop7350(){}int noop7351(){}int noop7352(){}int noop7353(){}int noop7354(){}int noop7355(){}int noop7356(){}int noop7357(){}int noop7358(){}int noop7359(){}int noop7360(){}int noop7361(){}int noop7362(){}int noop7363(){}int noop7364(){}int noop7365(){}int noop7366(){}int noop7367(){}int noop7368(){}int noop7369(){}int noop7370(){}int noop7371(){}int noop7372(){}int noop7373(){}int noop7374(){}int noop7375(){}int noop7376(){}int noop7377(){}int noop7378(){}int noop7379(){}int noop7380(){}int noop7381(){}int noop7382(){}int noop7383(){}int noop7384(){}int noop7385(){}int noop7386(){}int noop7387(){}int noop7388(){}int noop7389(){}int noop7390(){}int noop7391(){}int noop7392(){}int noop7393(){}int noop7394(){}int noop7395(){}int noop7396(){}int noop7397(){}int noop7398(){}int noop7399(){}int noop7400(){}int noop7401(){}int noop7402(){}int noop7403(){}int noop7404(){}int noop7405(){}int noop7406(){}int noop7407(){}int noop7408(){}int noop7409(){}int noop7410(){}int noop7411(){}int noop7412(){}int noop7413(){}int noop7414(){}int noop7415(){}int noop7416(){}int noop7417(){}int noop7418(){}int noop7419(){}int noop7420(){}int noop7421(){}int noop7422(){}int noop7423(){}int noop7424(){}int noop7425(){}int noop7426(){}int noop7427(){}int noop7428(){}int noop7429(){}int noop7430(){}int noop7431(){}int noop7432(){}int noop7433(){}int noop7434(){}int noop7435(){}int noop7436(){}int noop7437(){}int noop7438(){}int noop7439(){}int noop7440(){}int noop7441(){}int noop7442(){}int noop7443(){}int noop7444(){}int 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noop7569(){}int noop7570(){}int noop7571(){}int noop7572(){}int noop7573(){}int noop7574(){}int noop7575(){}int noop7576(){}int noop7577(){}int noop7578(){}int noop7579(){}int noop7580(){}int noop7581(){}int noop7582(){}int noop7583(){}int noop7584(){}int noop7585(){}int noop7586(){}int noop7587(){}int noop7588(){}int noop7589(){}int noop7590(){}int noop7591(){}int noop7592(){}int noop7593(){}int noop7594(){}int noop7595(){}int noop7596(){}int noop7597(){}int noop7598(){}int noop7599(){}int noop7600(){}int noop7601(){}int noop7602(){}int noop7603(){}int noop7604(){}int noop7605(){}int noop7606(){}int noop7607(){}int noop7608(){}int noop7609(){}int noop7610(){}int noop7611(){}int noop7612(){}int noop7613(){}int noop7614(){}int noop7615(){}int noop7616(){}int noop7617(){}int noop7618(){}int noop7619(){}int noop7620(){}int noop7621(){}int noop7622(){}int noop7623(){}int noop7624(){}int noop7625(){}int noop7626(){}int noop7627(){}int noop7628(){}int noop7629(){}int noop7630(){}int 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noop7693(){}int noop7694(){}int noop7695(){}int noop7696(){}int noop7697(){}int noop7698(){}int noop7699(){}int noop7700(){}int noop7701(){}int noop7702(){}int noop7703(){}int noop7704(){}int noop7705(){}int noop7706(){}int noop7707(){}int noop7708(){}int noop7709(){}int noop7710(){}int noop7711(){}int noop7712(){}int noop7713(){}int noop7714(){}int noop7715(){}int noop7716(){}int noop7717(){}int noop7718(){}int noop7719(){}int noop7720(){}int noop7721(){}int noop7722(){}int noop7723(){}int noop7724(){}int noop7725(){}int noop7726(){}int noop7727(){}int noop7728(){}int noop7729(){}int noop7730(){}int noop7731(){}int noop7732(){}int noop7733(){}int noop7734(){}int noop7735(){}int noop7736(){}int noop7737(){}int noop7738(){}int noop7739(){}int noop7740(){}int noop7741(){}int noop7742(){}int noop7743(){}int noop7744(){}int noop7745(){}int noop7746(){}int noop7747(){}int noop7748(){}int noop7749(){}int noop7750(){}int noop7751(){}int noop7752(){}int noop7753(){}int noop7754(){}int noop7755(){}int noop7756(){}int noop7757(){}int noop7758(){}int noop7759(){}int noop7760(){}int noop7761(){}int noop7762(){}int noop7763(){}int noop7764(){}int noop7765(){}int noop7766(){}int noop7767(){}int noop7768(){}int noop7769(){}int noop7770(){}int noop7771(){}int noop7772(){}int noop7773(){}int noop7774(){}int noop7775(){}int noop7776(){}int noop7777(){}int noop7778(){}int noop7779(){}int noop7780(){}int noop7781(){}int noop7782(){}int noop7783(){}int noop7784(){}int noop7785(){}int noop7786(){}int noop7787(){}int noop7788(){}int noop7789(){}int noop7790(){}int noop7791(){}int noop7792(){}int noop7793(){}int noop7794(){}int noop7795(){}int noop7796(){}int noop7797(){}int noop7798(){}int noop7799(){}int noop7800(){}int noop7801(){}int noop7802(){}int noop7803(){}int noop7804(){}int noop7805(){}int noop7806(){}int noop7807(){}int noop7808(){}int noop7809(){}int noop7810(){}int noop7811(){}int noop7812(){}int noop7813(){}int noop7814(){}int noop7815(){}int noop7816(){}int noop7817(){}int noop7818(){}int noop7819(){}int noop7820(){}int noop7821(){}int noop7822(){}int noop7823(){}int noop7824(){}int noop7825(){}int noop7826(){}int noop7827(){}int noop7828(){}int noop7829(){}int noop7830(){}int noop7831(){}int noop7832(){}int noop7833(){}int noop7834(){}int noop7835(){}int noop7836(){}int noop7837(){}int noop7838(){}int noop7839(){}int noop7840(){}int noop7841(){}int noop7842(){}int noop7843(){}int noop7844(){}int noop7845(){}int noop7846(){}int noop7847(){}int noop7848(){}int noop7849(){}int noop7850(){}int noop7851(){}int noop7852(){}int noop7853(){}int noop7854(){}int noop7855(){}int noop7856(){}int noop7857(){}int noop7858(){}int noop7859(){}int noop7860(){}int noop7861(){}int noop7862(){}int noop7863(){}int noop7864(){}int noop7865(){}int noop7866(){}int noop7867(){}int noop7868(){}int noop7869(){}int noop7870(){}int noop7871(){}int noop7872(){}int noop7873(){}int noop7874(){}int noop7875(){}int noop7876(){}int noop7877(){}int noop7878(){}int noop7879(){}int noop7880(){}int noop7881(){}int noop7882(){}int noop7883(){}int noop7884(){}int noop7885(){}int noop7886(){}int noop7887(){}int noop7888(){}int noop7889(){}int noop7890(){}int noop7891(){}int noop7892(){}int noop7893(){}int noop7894(){}int noop7895(){}int noop7896(){}int noop7897(){}int noop7898(){}int noop7899(){}int noop7900(){}int noop7901(){}int noop7902(){}int noop7903(){}int noop7904(){}int noop7905(){}int noop7906(){}int noop7907(){}int noop7908(){}int noop7909(){}int noop7910(){}int noop7911(){}int noop7912(){}int noop7913(){}int noop7914(){}int noop7915(){}int noop7916(){}int noop7917(){}int noop7918(){}int noop7919(){}int noop7920(){}int noop7921(){}int noop7922(){}int noop7923(){}int noop7924(){}int noop7925(){}int noop7926(){}int noop7927(){}int noop7928(){}int noop7929(){}int noop7930(){}int noop7931(){}int noop7932(){}int noop7933(){}int noop7934(){}int noop7935(){}int noop7936(){}int noop7937(){}int noop7938(){}int noop7939(){}int noop7940(){}int noop7941(){}int noop7942(){}int noop7943(){}int noop7944(){}int noop7945(){}int noop7946(){}int noop7947(){}int noop7948(){}int noop7949(){}int noop7950(){}int noop7951(){}int noop7952(){}int noop7953(){}int noop7954(){}int noop7955(){}int noop7956(){}int noop7957(){}int noop7958(){}int noop7959(){}int noop7960(){}int noop7961(){}int noop7962(){}int noop7963(){}int noop7964(){}int noop7965(){}int noop7966(){}int noop7967(){}int noop7968(){}int noop7969(){}int noop7970(){}int noop7971(){}int noop7972(){}int noop7973(){}int noop7974(){}int noop7975(){}int noop7976(){}int noop7977(){}int noop7978(){}int noop7979(){}int noop7980(){}int noop7981(){}int noop7982(){}int noop7983(){}int noop7984(){}int noop7985(){}int noop7986(){}int noop7987(){}int noop7988(){}int noop7989(){}int noop7990(){}int noop7991(){}int noop7992(){}int noop7993(){}int noop7994(){}int noop7995(){}int noop7996(){}int noop7997(){}int noop7998(){}int noop7999(){}
+
+int foo() {
+    return 12;
+}
+
+int bar() {
+    return 24;
+}
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.o b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.o
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b9f4bad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/large_elf.o
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2db2270116021033d2435bb6d1a6b747cbc95814d0132cc076fa5685a9b6f36e
+size 768408
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7639d499f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b42e12c133290d1abfc45340831bb4186c9310af84eb8dcc8f6e94ea667f05b4
+size 16664
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.c b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..005b50805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int foo();
+int bar();
+
+int main() {
+   printf("Hello, World!\n");
+   return foo();
+}
+
+int foo() {
+    return 12;
+}
+
+int bar() {
+    return 24;
+}
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.o b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.o
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f22c5333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program.o
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6dc7b39c8e0ac9760d1107f13344665c2a82280f4fd7aec3ba30b5c3c01242b7
+size 1400
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program_no_reloc b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program_no_reloc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1e50f447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/program_no_reloc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:74dc73057919a393dbaebdc60cb712436125a44993b4dc42b4b838ee70d846d8
+size 16472
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/source_dir/patch.c b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/source_dir/patch.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ef5bafee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/assets/source_dir/patch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+int noop0();
+
+int baz()
+{
+    noop0();
+    return 36;
+}
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/fixtures.py b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/fixtures.py
index 87464000d..99bbab873 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/fixtures.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/elf/fixtures.py
@@ -1,165 +1,164 @@
 import os
-import subprocess
+
+# import subprocess
 
 import pytest
 
-MAKEFILE_CONTENTS = """
-CC=gcc
 
-default: program
+# MAKEFILE_CONTENTS = """
+# CC=gcc
+
+# default: program
+
+# program.o: program.c $(HEADERS)
+# 	$(CC) -c program.c -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -o program.o
 
-program.o: program.c $(HEADERS)
-	$(CC) -c program.c -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -o program.o
+# program: program.o
+# 	$(CC) program.o -o program
 
-program: program.o
-	$(CC) program.o -o program
+# program_no_reloc: program.o
+# 	$(CC) program.o -no-pie -o program_no_reloc
 
-program_no_reloc: program.o
-	$(CC) program.o -no-pie -o program_no_reloc
+# program_relocated: program_relocated.o
+# 	$(CC) program_relocated.o -o program_relocated
 
-program_relocated: program_relocated.o
-	$(CC) program_relocated.o -o program_relocated
+# large_elf.o: large_elf.c $(HEADERS)
+# 	$(CC) -c large_elf.c -o large_elf.o
 
-large_elf.o: large_elf.c $(HEADERS)
-	$(CC) -c large_elf.c -o large_elf.o
+# large_elf: large_elf.o
+# 	$(CC) large_elf.o -no-pie -o large_elf
+# """
 
-large_elf: large_elf.o
-	$(CC) large_elf.o -no-pie -o large_elf 
-"""
+# C_SOURCE_CONTENTS = """
+# #include <stdio.h>
 
-C_SOURCE_CONTENTS = """
-#include <stdio.h>
+# int foo();
+# int bar();
 
-int foo();
-int bar();
+# int main() {
+#    printf("Hello, World!\\n");
+#    return foo();
+# }
 
-int main() {
-   printf("Hello, World!\\n");
-   return foo();
-}
+# int foo() {
+#     return 12;
+# }
 
-int foo() {
-    return 12;
-}
+# int bar() {
+#     return 24;
+# }
 
-int bar() {
-    return 24;
-}
 
+# """
 
-"""
+# LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_HEADER = """
+# int foo();
+# int bar();
 
-LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_HEADER = """
-int foo();
-int bar();
+# int main() {
+#    return bar();
+# }
 
-int main() {
-   return bar();
-}
+# """
 
-"""
+# LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_FOOTER = """
 
-LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_FOOTER = """
+# int foo() {
+#     return 12;
+# }
 
-int foo() {
-    return 12;
-}
+# int bar() {
+#     return 24;
+# }
 
-int bar() {
-    return 24;
-}
 
+# """
 
-"""
+# PATCH_CONTENTS = """
+# int noop0();
 
-PATCH_CONTENTS = """
-int noop0();
+# int baz()
+# {
+#     noop0();
+#     return 36;
+# }
+# """
 
-int baz()
-{
-    noop0();
-    return 36;
-}
-"""
 
+# def create_noops():
+#     noops = []
 
-def create_noops():
-    noops = []
+#     i = 0
 
-    i = 0
+#     for i in range(8000):
+#         instruction = f"int noop{i}(){{}}"
+#         noops.append(instruction)
 
-    for i in range(8000):
-        instruction = f"int noop{i}(){{}}"
-        noops.append(instruction)
+#     return noops
 
-    return noops
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def elf_test_directory():
+    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "assets")
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def elf_test_directory(tmpdir):
-    makefile_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "Makefile")
-    c_source_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "program.c")
-    large_source_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "large_elf.c")
+    # makefile_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "Makefile")
+    # c_source_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "program.c")
+    # large_source_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "large_elf.c")
 
-    patch_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, "source_dir")
-    if not os.path.exists(patch_dir):
-        os.mkdir(patch_dir)
-    patch_path = os.path.join(patch_dir, "patch.c")
+    # patch_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, "source_dir")
+    # if not os.path.exists(patch_dir):
+    #     os.mkdir(patch_dir)
+    # patch_path = os.path.join(patch_dir, "patch.c")
 
-    noops = create_noops()
+    # noops = create_noops()
 
-    LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS = LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_HEADER
-    for noop in noops:
-        LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS += noop
-    LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS += LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_FOOTER
+    # LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS = LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_HEADER
+    # for noop in noops:
+    #     LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS += noop
+    # LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS += LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS_FOOTER
 
-    with open(makefile_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(MAKEFILE_CONTENTS)
-    with open(c_source_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(C_SOURCE_CONTENTS)
-    with open(large_source_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS)
-    with open(patch_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(PATCH_CONTENTS)
+    # with open(makefile_path, "w") as f:
+    #     f.write(MAKEFILE_CONTENTS)
+    # with open(c_source_path, "w") as f:
+    #     f.write(C_SOURCE_CONTENTS)
+    # with open(large_source_path, "w") as f:
+    #     f.write(LARGE_SOURCE_CONTENTS)
+    # with open(patch_path, "w") as f:
+    #     f.write(PATCH_CONTENTS)
 
-    return tmpdir
+    # return tmpdir
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def elf_object_file(elf_test_directory):
-    subprocess.run(["make", "-C", elf_test_directory, "program.o"])
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "program.o")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def elf_executable_file(elf_test_directory):
-    subprocess.run(["make", "-C", elf_test_directory, "program"])
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "program")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def elf_no_pie_executable_file(elf_test_directory):
-    subprocess.run(["make", "-C", elf_test_directory, "program_no_reloc"])
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "program_no_reloc")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def large_elf_source_file(elf_test_directory):
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "large_elf.c")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def large_elf_object_file(elf_test_directory):
-    subprocess.run(["make", "-C", elf_test_directory, "large_elf.o"])
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "large_elf.o")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def large_elf_file(elf_test_directory):
-    subprocess.run(["make", "-C", elf_test_directory, "large_elf"])
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "large_elf")
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def patch_file(elf_test_directory):
     return os.path.join(elf_test_directory, "source_dir", "patch.c")
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/fixtures.py b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/fixtures.py
index bed04e2e9..a922c120e 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/fixtures.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/fixtures.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def ofrak_id_service():
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def ofrak(ofrak_injector, ofrak_id_service):
-    ofrak = OFRAK(logging.INFO)
+    ofrak = OFRAK(logging.INFO, exclude_components_missing_dependencies=True)
     ofrak.injector = ofrak_injector
     ofrak.set_id_service(ofrak_id_service)
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mark.py b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mark.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f73abc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mark.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import asyncio
+from typing import Mapping, Sequence, Type, Tuple
+import sys
+import pytest
+
+from ofrak.model.component_model import ComponentExternalTool
+from ofrak.component.abstract import AbstractComponent
+
+
+async def _check_deps_installed(
+    deps: Sequence[ComponentExternalTool],
+) -> Mapping[ComponentExternalTool, bool]:
+    return dict(zip(deps, await asyncio.gather(*(dep.is_tool_installed() for dep in deps))))
+
+
+def _handle_skipif_missing_deps(
+    deps_installed_data: Mapping[ComponentExternalTool, bool],
+    components: Sequence[Type[AbstractComponent]],
+) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+    """
+    :param deps_installed_data: a precomputed mapping of all tools to their installed status
+    :params components: the components a test case uses
+
+    :return: a ``skipif`` marker for skipping a test function, module, or class if not all
+    dependencies of a component are satisfied.
+    """
+
+    missing_messages = []
+    skip = False
+    for component in components:
+        missing = [
+            dep.tool for dep in component.external_dependencies if not deps_installed_data[dep]
+        ]
+        if missing:
+            skip = True
+            missing_messages.append(f"{', '.join(missing)} of {component.__name__}")
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(
+        skip, reason=f"Missing external dependencies: {'; '.join(missing_messages)}"
+    )
+
+
+# https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/example/simple.html#control-skipping-of-tests-according-to-command-line-option
+def pytest_addoption(parser):
+    parser.addoption(
+        "--skip-tests-missing-deps",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="skip tests whose required external dependencies are missing",
+    )
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config):
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        (
+            "skipif_missing_deps(component_classes): skip the test function, module, or class if not all dependencies of a component class(es) are installed. "
+            "This marker has to take an iterable of classes rather than args otherwise pytest's decorator magic will think the mark was applied to the component "
+            "class not the actual test function. "
+            "Example: @skipif_missing_deps([StringsAnalyzer]) would skip a test if the linux `strings` command is unavailable because StringsAnalyzer calls `strings`."
+        ),
+    )
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "skipif_windows: skip the test if running on windows. Equivalent to @skipif(sys.platform == 'win32')",
+    )
+
+
+def _all_required_components(item) -> Sequence[Type[AbstractComponent]]:
+    return [
+        component
+        for mark in item.iter_markers(name="skipif_missing_deps")
+        for component in mark.args[0]
+    ]
+
+
+def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
+    if config.getoption("--skip-tests-missing-deps"):
+        deps_installed_data = asyncio.run(
+            _check_deps_installed(
+                {
+                    dep
+                    for item in items
+                    for component in _all_required_components(item)
+                    for dep in component.external_dependencies
+                }
+            )
+        )
+
+        for item in items:
+            if components := _all_required_components(item):
+                item.add_marker(_handle_skipif_missing_deps(deps_installed_data, components))
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        windows_skip_marker = pytest.mark.skip(reason="Test cannot run on Windows.")
+
+        for item in items:
+            if "skipif_windows" in item.keywords:
+                item.add_marker(windows_skip_marker)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_component_types.py b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_component_types.py
index a4cb84074..78d21eabb 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_component_types.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_component_types.py
@@ -21,3 +21,11 @@ def __init__(self):
 
     async def unpack(self, resource, config=None):
         pass
+
+
+class MockRunnableUnpacker(Unpacker[None]):
+    targets = ()
+    children = ()
+
+    async def unpack(self, resource, config=None):
+        pass
diff --git a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_library3.py b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_library3.py
index 1be2f1654..1b3997ee2 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_library3.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/pytest_ofrak/mock_library3.py
@@ -1,32 +1,22 @@
-from ofrak.resource import ResourceFactory
+import sys
 
 from ofrak.model.component_model import ComponentExternalTool
-from ofrak.service.component_locator_i import ComponentLocatorInterface
-from ofrak.service.data_service_i import DataServiceInterface
-from ofrak.service.resource_service_i import ResourceServiceInterface
-from pytest_ofrak.mock_component_types import MockUnpacker
-
-
-class _MockComponentA(MockUnpacker):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        resource_factory: ResourceFactory,
-        data_service: DataServiceInterface,
-        resource_service: ResourceServiceInterface,
-        component_locator: ComponentLocatorInterface,
-    ):
-        super(MockUnpacker, self).__init__(
-            resource_factory, data_service, resource_service, component_locator
-        )
+from pytest_ofrak.mock_component_types import MockRunnableUnpacker
 
+
+class _MockComponentA(MockRunnableUnpacker):
     external_dependencies = (ComponentExternalTool("tool_a", "tool_a.com", "--help", "tool_a_apt"),)
 
 
-class _MockComponentB(MockUnpacker):
+class _MockComponentB(MockRunnableUnpacker):
     external_dependencies = (
         ComponentExternalTool("tool_b", "tool_b.com", "--help", None, "tool_a_brew"),
     )
 
 
-class _MockComponentC(MockUnpacker):
+class _MockComponentC(MockRunnableUnpacker):
     pass
+
+
+class _MockComponentSysExec(MockRunnableUnpacker):
+    external_dependencies = (ComponentExternalTool(sys.executable, "", "--version", None, ""),)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/requirements.txt b/ofrak_core/requirements.txt
index 79c11c67f..8fb088bae 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/requirements.txt
+++ b/ofrak_core/requirements.txt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ python-magic-bin;platform_system=="Windows"
 reedsolo==1.7.0
 sortedcontainers==2.2.2
 synthol~=0.1.1
+tempfile312~=1.0.1
 typeguard~=2.13.3
 ubi-reader==0.8.5
 xattr==0.10.1;platform_system!="Windows"
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/README.md b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/README.md
index ec52f584c..6d267aca1 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/README.md
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/README.md
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 - jumpnbump.exe: main executable from [Jump'n'Bump](https://www.icculus.org/jumpnbump/) version 1.51, the game is open-source and GPLv2-licensed
 - kernel32.dll: [https://www.dlldownloader.com/kernel32-dll/](https://www.dlldownloader.com/kernel32-dll/)
 - kernel_address_space.out: used for the x64 Kernel address space unpacker tests, source and build command are in kernel_address_space_build.sh
+- string_test.out: used for the AsciiStringAnalyzer test in test_string.py, built with `gcc string_test.c -o string_test.out`
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.c b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50b419545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+
+extern int longString(void);
+extern int shortString(void);
+
+// Generate bytes that look like a long ascii string (21 bytes) that will be matched as a string
+// by the AsciiUnpacker. Assumes running on x86.
+__asm__(".global longString\n\t"
+    ".type longString, @function\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "and 0, %r15\n\t"
+);
+
+// Generate bytes that look like a short ascii string (7 bytes) that will not be matched as a string
+// by the AsciiUnpacker because of the min length requirement. Assumes running on x86.
+__asm__(".global shortString\n\t"
+    ".type shortString, @function\n\t"
+    "push %r15\n\t"
+    "and 0, %r15\n\t"
+);
+
+
+int main() {
+    printf("O");
+    printf("h, hi");
+    printf(" Marc!");
+    printf("You are tearing me apart, Lisa!");
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.out b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.out
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f6709d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/assets/string_test.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6362fe0a2954e363e28faead8351c4d65f65ffec4a62d21970064329233d09bc
+size 16664
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_apk.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_apk.py
index 51eabdd0f..ef12d4900 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_apk.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_apk.py
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.apk import Apk, ApkPacker, ApkPackerConfig
+from ofrak.core.apk import Apk, ApkPacker, ApkPackerConfig, ApkUnpacker
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackPackPattern
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([ApkPacker, ApkUnpacker])
 class TestApkUnpackPack(UnpackPackPattern):
     """
     Tag an APK and unpack it, assert that it has contents, repack it, and unpack it again.
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_binwalk_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_binwalk_component.py
index 8cc7c4cea..ca7ad7c8c 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_binwalk_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_binwalk_component.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import os
 import pytest
 
-from ofrak.core.binwalk import BinwalkAttributes
+from ofrak.core.binwalk import BinwalkAnalyzer, BinwalkAttributes
 import test_ofrak.components
 
 BINWALK_ASSETS_PATH = os.path.join(test_ofrak.components.ASSETS_DIR, "binwalk_assets")
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class BinwalkTestCase:
 ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([BinwalkAnalyzer])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_case", BINWALK_TEST_CASES, ids=lambda tc: tc.filename)
 async def test_binwalk_component(ofrak_context, test_case):
     asset_path = os.path.join(BINWALK_ASSETS_PATH, test_case.filename)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_cpio_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_cpio_component.py
index efbe2c3de..b3a2d9ad5 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_cpio_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_cpio_component.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+import asyncio
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
+
+import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.cpio import CpioFilesystem
+from ofrak.core.cpio import CpioFilesystem, CpioPacker, CpioUnpacker
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@
 CPIO_ENTRY_NAME = "hello_cpio_file"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([CpioUnpacker, CpioPacker])
 class TestCpioUnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
@@ -23,9 +27,20 @@ async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
             # Create a CPIO file from the current directory
             with open(CPIO_ENTRY_NAME, "wb") as f:
                 f.write(INITIAL_DATA)
-            command = f"find {CPIO_ENTRY_NAME} -print | cpio -o > {TARGET_CPIO_FILE}"
-            subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True, shell=True)
-            result = await ofrak_context.create_root_resource_from_file(TARGET_CPIO_FILE)
+            cmd = ["cpio", "-o"]
+            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd,
+                cwd=tmpdir,
+                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(CPIO_ENTRY_NAME.encode())
+            if proc.returncode:
+                raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+                    returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr
+                )
+            result = await ofrak_context.create_root_resource(name=TARGET_CPIO_FILE, data=stdout)
 
             os.chdir(wd)
             return result
@@ -43,13 +58,20 @@ async def repack(self, cpio_resource: Resource) -> None:
         await cpio_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_cpio_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        resource_data = await repacked_cpio_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
-                command = f"(cd {temp_flush_dir} && cpio -id < {temp_file.name})"
-                subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True, shell=True)
-                with open(os.path.join(temp_flush_dir, CPIO_ENTRY_NAME), "rb") as f:
-                    patched_data = f.read()
-                assert patched_data == EXPECTED_DATA
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
+            cmd = ["cpio", "-id"]
+            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd,
+                cwd=temp_flush_dir,
+                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(await repacked_cpio_resource.get_data())
+            if proc.returncode:
+                raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+                    returncode=proc.returncode, cmd=cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr
+                )
+            with open(os.path.join(temp_flush_dir, CPIO_ENTRY_NAME), "rb") as f:
+                patched_data = f.read()
+            assert patched_data == EXPECTED_DATA
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_load_aligment_modifier.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_load_aligment_modifier.py
index 504fbe4df..c73f9b0fa 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_load_aligment_modifier.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_load_aligment_modifier.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import List, Optional
 
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ async def verify_modifier_result(test_case: ElfModifierTestCase, output_path: st
         assert process.stdout == test_case.expect_stdout
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_windows
 class TestElfModifiers:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "test_case",
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_modifiers.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_modifiers.py
index b302e45cc..21429c696 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_modifiers.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_elf_modifiers.py
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ async def test_elf_add_symbols(
     assert result.returncode == 12
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_windows
 async def test_elf_force_relocation(
     ofrak_context: OFRAKContext, elf_object_file, elf_test_directory
 ):
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_extfs_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_extfs_component.py
index 503bd7d14..5bff6acbe 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_extfs_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_extfs_component.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 import test_ofrak.components
 
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([ExtUnpacker])
+
+
 @dataclass
 class ExtUnpackerTestCase(UnpackAndVerifyTestCase[str, bytes]):
     filename: str
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_filesystem_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_filesystem_component.py
index 2dc2b088e..12773a2d9 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_filesystem_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_filesystem_component.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import warnings
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def filesystem_root_directory(tmp_path) -> str:
         if not os.path.exists(child_fifo):
             os.mkfifo(child_fifo)
 
-    if hasattr(os, "mkdev"):
+    if hasattr(os, "makedev"):
         block_device = os.path.join(tmp_path, DEVICE_NAME)
         if not os.path.exists(block_device):
             os.makedev(1, 2)
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ async def test_remove_file(self, filesystem_root: FilesystemRoot):
         assert CHILD_TEXTFILE_NAME not in updated_list_dir_output
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_windows
 class TestFilesystemEntry:
     """
     Test FilesystemEntry methods.
@@ -327,7 +328,8 @@ def create_broken_symlink(self, root: str):
 
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext, directory: str) -> Resource:
         # Pack with command line `tar` because it supports symbolic links
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as archive:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar", delete_on_close=False) as archive:
+            archive.close()
             command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", directory, "-cf", archive.name, "."]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
@@ -340,12 +342,8 @@ async def repack(self, root_resource: Resource):
         await root_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def extract(self, root_resource: Resource, extract_dir: str):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as tar:
-            data = await root_resource.get_data()
-            tar.write(data)
-            tar.flush()
-
-            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar.name]
+        async with root_resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".tar") as tar_path:
+            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar_path]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_general_filesystems.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_general_filesystems.py
index 27d8a5a74..f39da5084 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_general_filesystems.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_general_filesystems.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from abc import ABC
 from typing import Type, List
 
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 from ofrak.core import FilesystemRoot, StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from ofrak.model.viewable_tag_model import AttributesType
 from ofrak.resource import RV
-from ofrak.core.cpio import CpioFilesystem, CpioArchiveType
-from ofrak.core.tar import TarArchive
-from ofrak.core.zip import ZipArchive
+from ofrak.core.cpio import CpioFilesystem, CpioArchiveType, CpioPacker, CpioUnpacker
+from ofrak.core.tar import TarArchive, TarPacker, TarUnpacker
+from ofrak.core.zip import ZipArchive, ZipPacker, ZipUnpacker
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 
 CHILD_TEXT = "Hello World\n"
@@ -29,9 +29,13 @@
 EXPECTED_SUBCHILD_TEXT = "Goodbye OFrak\n"
 
 TAGS = [
-    (ZipArchive, []),
-    (TarArchive, []),
-    (CpioFilesystem, [AttributesType[CpioFilesystem](CpioArchiveType.BINARY)]),
+    pytest.param(ZipArchive, [], marks=pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([ZipUnpacker, ZipPacker])),
+    pytest.param(TarArchive, [], marks=pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([TarUnpacker, TarPacker])),
+    pytest.param(
+        CpioFilesystem,
+        [AttributesType[CpioFilesystem](CpioArchiveType.BINARY)],
+        marks=pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([CpioUnpacker, CpioPacker]),
+    ),
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_gzip_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_gzip_component.py
index 9abc7ccb7..3bd17e112 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_gzip_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_gzip_component.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 from ofrak.ofrak_context import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.gzip import GzipData
+from ofrak.core.gzip import GzipData, PIGZ
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.compressed_filesystem_unpack_modify_pack import (
     CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern,
 )
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def create_test_file(self, gzip_test_input: Tuple[bytes, bytes, bool], tmp_path:
 
     async def test_unpack_modify_pack(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext):
         with patch("asyncio.create_subprocess_exec", wraps=create_subprocess_exec) as mock_exec:
-            if self.EXPECT_PIGZ:
+            if self.EXPECT_PIGZ and await PIGZ.is_tool_installed():
                 await super().test_unpack_modify_pack(ofrak_context)
                 assert any(
                     args[0][0] == "pigz" and args[0][1] == "-c" for args in mock_exec.call_args_list
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ihex.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ihex.py
index 2d8074b1f..dfe9cfae0 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ihex.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ihex.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
+from ofrak.core.ihex import IhexPacker, IhexUnpacker
 import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext, Resource, ResourceFilter, ResourceAttributeRangeFilter
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class IhexTestCase(UnpackAndVerifyTestCase):
 ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([IhexPacker, IhexUnpacker])
 class TestIhexUnpackPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     REPLACEMENT_STRING = b"deadbeef ofrak"
 
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ async def verify(self, repacked_root_resource: Resource) -> None:
         await repacked_root_resource.unpack_recursively()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([IhexPacker, IhexUnpacker])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("ihex_file", IHEX_TEST_FILES)
 async def test_ihex_analyzer(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext, ihex_file):
     from bincopy import BinFile
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_iso_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_iso_component.py
index 834353253..79e843bb3 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_iso_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_iso_component.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
     ISO9660Entry,
     ISO9660Image,
     ISO9660ImageAttributes,
+    ISO9660Packer,
+    ISO9660Unpacker,
 )
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.compressed_filesystem_unpack_modify_pack import (
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([ISO9660Packer, ISO9660Unpacker])
 class Iso9660UnpackModifyPackPattern(CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern):
     TEST_ISO_NAME = "test.iso"
     TEST_DIR_NAME = "/TEST"
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_jffs2_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_jffs2_component.py
index cf987054e..f97f644e9 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_jffs2_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_jffs2_component.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
+
+import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.jffs2 import Jffs2Filesystem
+from ofrak.core.jffs2 import Jffs2Filesystem, Jffs2Packer, Jffs2Unpacker
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@
 JFFS2_ENTRY_NAME = "hello_jffs2_file"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([Jffs2Packer, Jffs2Unpacker])
 class TestJffs2UnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
@@ -41,12 +44,9 @@ async def repack(self, jffs2_resource: Resource) -> None:
         await jffs2_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_jffs2_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        resource_data = await repacked_jffs2_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
+        async with repacked_jffs2_resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
-                command = ["jefferson", "-f", "-d", temp_flush_dir, temp_file.name]
+                command = ["jefferson", "-f", "-d", temp_flush_dir, temp_path]
                 subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
                 with open(os.path.join(temp_flush_dir, JFFS2_ENTRY_NAME), "rb") as f:
                     patched_data = f.read()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_lzo_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_lzo_component.py
index 7aacb5473..1249f608c 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_lzo_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_lzo_component.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
 
+from ofrak.core.lzo import LzoPacker, LzoUnpacker
 import pytest
 
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([LzoUnpacker, LzoPacker])
 class TestLzoUnpackModifyPack(CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern):
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
     def create_test_file(self, tmpdir):
@@ -24,12 +25,8 @@ def create_test_file(self, tmpdir):
         self._test_file = compressed_filename
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_root_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        compressed_data = await repacked_root_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".lzo") as compressed_file:
-            compressed_file.write(compressed_data)
-            compressed_file.flush()
-
-            command = ["lzop", "-d", "-f", "-c", compressed_file.name]
+        async with repacked_root_resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
+            command = ["lzop", "-d", "-f", "-c", temp_path]
             result = subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
             assert result.stdout == self.EXPECTED_REPACKED_DATA
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_openwrt_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_openwrt_component.py
index 5e37844ac..2ae9eb741 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_openwrt_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_openwrt_component.py
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ async def modify(self, resource: Resource) -> None:
 
     async def repack(self, resource: Resource) -> None:
         await resource.pack_recursively()
-        with open("/tmp/repacked", "wb") as f:
-            f.write(await resource.get_data())
 
     async def verify(self, resource: Resource) -> None:
         resource_data = await resource.get_data()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_patch_symbol_resolution.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_patch_symbol_resolution.py
index 98505e2f7..6e42239cf 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_patch_symbol_resolution.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_patch_symbol_resolution.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import pytest
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from immutabledict import immutabledict
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_rar_unpacker.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_rar_unpacker.py
index b17c7cac9..2380e70cb 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_rar_unpacker.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_rar_unpacker.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
-from ofrak.core.rar import RarArchive
+from ofrak.core.rar import RarArchive, RarUnpacker
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_verify import (
     UnpackAndVerifyPattern,
     UnpackAndVerifyTestCase,
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class RarUnpackerTestCase(UnpackAndVerifyTestCase[str, bytes]):
 ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([RarUnpacker])
 class TestRarUnpackAndVerify(UnpackAndVerifyPattern):
     @pytest.fixture(params=RAR_UNPACKER_TEST_CASES, ids=lambda tc: tc.label)
     async def unpack_verify_test_case(self, request) -> RarUnpackerTestCase:
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_seven_zip_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_seven_zip_component.py
index f977bc4a4..4e02f9685 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_seven_zip_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_seven_zip_component.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
+
+import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.seven_zip import SevenZFilesystem
+from ofrak.core.seven_zip import SevenZFilesystem, SevenZUnpacker, SevenzPacker
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@
 SEVEN_ZIP_ENTRY_NAME = "hello_7z_file"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([SevenZUnpacker, SevenzPacker])
 class TestPzUnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
@@ -43,13 +46,9 @@ async def repack(self, seven_zip_resource: Resource) -> None:
         await seven_zip_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_seven_zip_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        resource_data = await repacked_seven_zip_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
-
+        async with repacked_seven_zip_resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".7z") as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
-                command = ["7zz", "x", f"-o{temp_flush_dir}", temp_file.name]
+                command = ["7zz", "x", f"-o{temp_flush_dir}", temp_path]
                 subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
                 with open(os.path.join(temp_flush_dir, SEVEN_ZIP_ENTRY_NAME), "rb") as f:
                     patched_data = f.read()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_squashfs_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_squashfs_component.py
index 3002d246e..6a0fd85fe 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_squashfs_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_squashfs_component.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
+
+import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.squashfs import SquashfsFilesystem
+from ofrak.core.squashfs import SquashfsFilesystem, SquashfsPacker, SquashfsUnpacker
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@
 SQUASH_ENTRY_NAME = "hello_squash_file"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([SquashfsUnpacker, SquashfsPacker])
 class TestSquashfsUnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
@@ -40,12 +43,9 @@ async def repack(self, squashfs_resource: Resource) -> None:
         await squashfs_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_squashfs_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        resource_data = await repacked_squashfs_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as temp_file:
-            temp_file.write(resource_data)
-            temp_file.flush()
+        async with repacked_squashfs_resource.temp_to_disk() as temp_path:
             with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_flush_dir:
-                command = ["unsquashfs", "-f", "-d", temp_flush_dir, temp_file.name]
+                command = ["unsquashfs", "-f", "-d", temp_flush_dir, temp_path]
                 subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
                 with open(os.path.join(temp_flush_dir, SQUASH_ENTRY_NAME), "rb") as f:
                     patched_data = f.read()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_string.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_string.py
index df5f249fc..66ca9c8e8 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_string.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_string.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
-import subprocess
 
 from typing import List
 
@@ -19,44 +18,6 @@
     StringFindReplaceModifier,
 )
 
-STRING_TEST_C_SOURCE = r"""
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-extern int longString(void);
-extern int shortString(void);
-
-// Generate bytes that look like a long ascii string (21 bytes) that will be matched as a string
-// by the AsciiUnpacker. Assumes running on x86.
-__asm__(".global longString\n\t"
-    ".type longString, @function\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "and 0, %r15\n\t"
-);
-
-// Generate bytes that look like a short ascii string (7 bytes) that will not be matched as a string
-// by the AsciiUnpacker because of the min length requirement. Assumes running on x86.
-__asm__(".global shortString\n\t"
-    ".type shortString, @function\n\t"
-    "push %r15\n\t"
-    "and 0, %r15\n\t"
-);
-
-int main() {
-    printf("O");
-    printf("h, hi");
-    printf(" Marc!");
-    printf("You are tearing me apart, Lisa!");
-    return 0;
-}
-"""
-
 
 @pytest.fixture
 async def resource(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
@@ -74,21 +35,8 @@ async def resource(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def string_test_directory(tmpdir):
-    c_source_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "string_test.c")
-
-    with open(c_source_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(STRING_TEST_C_SOURCE)
-
-    return tmpdir
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def executable_file(string_test_directory):
-    source = os.path.join(string_test_directory, "string_test.c")
-    executable = os.path.join(string_test_directory, "string_test.out")
-    subprocess.run(["gcc", "-o", executable, source])
-    return executable
+def executable_file():
+    return Path(__file__).parent / "assets" / "string_test.out"
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_strings_analyzer.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_strings_analyzer.py
index f7a318167..bde3c969f 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_strings_analyzer.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_strings_analyzer.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ async def test_case(
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([StringsAnalyzer])
 class TestStringsAnalyzer(AnalyzerTests):
     async def test_resource_analyzer(self, test_case: PopulatedAnalyzerTestCase):
         with pytest.raises(
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_tar_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_tar_component.py
index dbf52ecc9..e42a18b48 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_tar_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_tar_component.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -8,13 +8,15 @@
 from ofrak.component.unpacker import UnpackerError
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingConfig, StringPatchingModifier
-from ofrak.core.tar import TarArchive
+from ofrak.core.tar import TarArchive, TarPacker, TarUnpacker
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.pack_unpack_filesystem import (
     FilesystemPackUnpackVerifyPattern,
 )
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackModifyPackPattern
 import test_ofrak.components
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([TarUnpacker, TarPacker])
+
 
 class TestTarSingleFileUnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     INITIAL_DATA = b"hello world"
@@ -113,7 +115,8 @@ def setup(self):
         self.check_stat = False
 
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext, directory: str) -> Resource:
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as archive:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar", delete_on_close=False) as archive:
+            archive.close()
             command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", directory, "-cf", archive.name, "."]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
@@ -126,12 +129,8 @@ async def repack(self, root_resource: Resource):
         await root_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def extract(self, root_resource: Resource, extract_dir: str):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as tar:
-            data = await root_resource.get_data()
-            tar.write(data)
-            tar.flush()
-
-            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar.name]
+        async with root_resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".tar") as tar_path:
+            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar_path]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
 
@@ -221,10 +220,6 @@ async def repack(self, root_resource: Resource):
         await root_resource.pack_recursively()
 
     async def extract(self, root_resource: Resource, extract_dir: str):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tar") as tar:
-            data = await root_resource.get_data()
-            tar.write(data)
-            tar.flush()
-
-            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar.name]
+        async with root_resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".tar") as tar_path:
+            command = ["tar", "--xattrs", "-C", extract_dir, "-xf", tar_path]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubi.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubi.py
index c6c1bd9b2..a8abb496b 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubi.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubi.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import hashlib
 import os
 
+import pytest
+
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext, ResourceSort
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
-from ofrak.core.ubi import Ubi, UbiVolume
+from ofrak.core.ubi import Ubi, UbiPacker, UbiUnpacker, UbiVolume
 
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.compressed_filesystem_unpack_modify_pack import (
     CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern,
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([UbiUnpacker, UbiPacker])
 class TestUbiUnpackModifyPack(CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         """
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubifs.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubifs.py
index 8c703c9e5..7d044428e 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubifs.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_ubifs.py
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
+
+import pytest
 
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
+from ofrak.core.ubifs import UbifsPacker, UbifsUnpacker
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 from pytest_ofrak.patterns.pack_unpack_filesystem import FilesystemPackUnpackVerifyPattern
 
 # from pytest_ofrak.patterns.unpack_modify_pack import UnpackPackPattern
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([UbifsUnpacker, UbifsPacker])
 class TestUbifsUnpackRepack(FilesystemPackUnpackVerifyPattern):
     def setup(self):
         super().setup()
@@ -18,7 +22,8 @@ async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext, directory: str
         """
         Generated the test UBIFS image with the assistance of the FilesystemPackUnpackVerify test pattern.
         """
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as ubifs_blob:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as ubifs_blob:
+            ubifs_blob.close()
             command = [
                 "mkfs.ubifs",
                 "-m",
@@ -46,11 +51,7 @@ async def extract(self, root_resource: Resource, extract_dir: str) -> None:
         expected by the FilesystemPackUnpackVerify pattern.
         """
 
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as ubifs_blob:
-            data = await root_resource.get_data()
-            ubifs_blob.write(data)
-            ubifs_blob.flush()
-
-            command = ["ubireader_extract_files", "-k", "-o", extract_dir, ubifs_blob.name]
+        async with root_resource.temp_to_disk() as ubifs_blob_path:
+            command = ["ubireader_extract_files", "-k", "-o", extract_dir, ubifs_blob_path]
 
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uefi_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uefi_component.py
index 77b292189..69db1947d 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uefi_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uefi_component.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import os.path
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Dict
-from ofrak.core.uefi import Uefi
+from ofrak.core.uefi import Uefi, UefiUnpacker
 from ofrak.core.filesystem import File, FilesystemEntry
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 from ofrak import OFRAKContext
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class UefiComponentTestCase(UnpackAndVerifyTestCase[str, bytes]):
 ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([UefiUnpacker])
 class TestUefiComponent(UnpackAndVerifyPattern):
     @pytest.fixture(params=UEFI_COMPONENT_TEST_CASE, ids=lambda tc: tc.label)
     async def unpack_verify_test_case(self, request) -> UnpackAndVerifyTestCase:
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uf2_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uf2_component.py
index ca0801653..cbdd689c5 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uf2_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uf2_component.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import pytest
 from ofrak.core.addressable import Addressable
 from ofrak.core.memory_region import MemoryRegion
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@
 from ofrak.ofrak_context import OFRAKContext
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 from ofrak.service.resource_service_i import ResourceAttributeRangeFilter, ResourceFilter
-from ofrak.core.uf2 import Uf2File
+from ofrak.core.uf2 import Uf2File, Uf2FilePacker, Uf2Unpacker
 from ofrak.core.strings import StringPatchingModifier, StringPatchingConfig
 import test_ofrak.components
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ async def test_uf2_identify(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> None:
     assert root_resource.has_tag(Uf2File), "Expected resource to have tag Uf2File"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([Uf2FilePacker, Uf2Unpacker])
 class TestUf2UnpackModifyPack(UnpackModifyPackPattern):
     async def create_root_resource(self, ofrak_context: OFRAKContext) -> Resource:
         asset_path = Path(test_ofrak.components.ASSETS_DIR, FILENAME)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uimage_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uimage_component.py
index aa0cfd17c..efe50cafc 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uimage_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_uimage_component.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
+import shutil
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ async def uimage_resource(ofrak_context, request) -> Resource:
     return await ofrak_context.create_root_resource_from_file(uimage_path)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    shutil.which("mkimage") is None, reason="Test requires mkimage from u-boot-tools"
+)
 async def test_uimage_unpack_modify_pack(uimage_resource: Resource, tmpdir):
     """Test unpacking, modifying and then repacking a UImage file."""
     await uimage_resource.unpack_recursively()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_zstd_component.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_zstd_component.py
index 3064ed158..c0b5ea884 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_zstd_component.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/components/test_zstd_component.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 
+from ofrak.core.zstd import ZstdUnpacker, ZstdPacker
 import pytest
 
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif_missing_deps([ZstdUnpacker, ZstdPacker])
 class TestZstdUnpackModifyPack(CompressedFileUnpackModifyPackPattern):
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
     def create_test_file(self, tmpdir):
@@ -24,13 +26,10 @@ def create_test_file(self, tmpdir):
         self._test_file = compressed_filename
 
     async def verify(self, repacked_root_resource: Resource) -> None:
-        compressed_data = await repacked_root_resource.get_data()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zstd") as compressed_file:
-            compressed_file.write(compressed_data)
-            compressed_file.flush()
+        async with repacked_root_resource.temp_to_disk(suffix=".zstd") as compressed_file_path:
             output_filename = tempfile.mktemp()
 
-            command = ["zstd", "-d", "-k", compressed_file.name, "-o", output_filename]
+            command = ["zstd", "-d", "-k", compressed_file_path, "-o", output_filename]
             subprocess.run(command, check=True, capture_output=True)
             with open(output_filename, "rb") as f:
                 result = f.read()
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/conftest.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/conftest.py
index 41b447e0e..15aebc86b 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/conftest.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/conftest.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-pytest_plugins = ["pytest_ofrak.fixtures", "pytest_ofrak.elf.fixtures"]
+pytest_plugins = ["pytest_ofrak.fixtures", "pytest_ofrak.elf.fixtures", "pytest_ofrak.mark"]
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/component/test_component_external_tool.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/component/test_component_external_tool.py
index 70e910bbd..141c45ebe 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/component/test_component_external_tool.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/component/test_component_external_tool.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import os.path
 import subprocess
+import os
+import sys
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ class _MockComponent(Unpacker):
         children = ()
 
         async def unpack(self, resource, config=None):
-            subprocess.run(["cat", os.path.join(tmpdir, "nonexistant_file")], check=True)
+            subprocess.run([sys.executable, os.path.join(tmpdir, "nonexistent_script")], check=True)
             return
 
     unpacker = _MockComponent(
@@ -106,8 +108,8 @@ async def unpack(self, resource, config=None):
 async def test_tool_install_check(mock_dependency):
     assert not await mock_dependency.is_tool_installed()
 
-    echo_tool = ComponentExternalTool("echo", "", install_check_arg=".")
-    assert await echo_tool.is_tool_installed()
+    cd_tool = ComponentExternalTool(sys.executable, "", install_check_arg="-v")
+    assert await cd_tool.is_tool_installed()
 
 
 async def test_bad_tool_install_check(bad_dependency):
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_ofrak_context.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_ofrak_context.py
index 93eb23ca9..9f187799d 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_ofrak_context.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_ofrak_context.py
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 import os
 from ofrak import OFRAK, OFRAKContext
-from ofrak.core.apk import ApkIdentifier
 from ofrak.resource import Resource
 from ofrak.ofrak_context import get_current_ofrak_context
 from ofrak_type.error import NotFoundError, InvalidStateError
 from pytest_ofrak import mock_library3
-from pytest_ofrak.mock_library3 import _MockComponentA
+from pytest_ofrak.mock_library3 import _MockComponentA, _MockComponentSysExec
 
 from ofrak.core.filesystem import FilesystemRoot
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ async def run_component_with_bad_dependency(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext):
 
     async def run_component_with_installed_dependency(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext):
         resource = await ofrak_context.create_root_resource("test_binary", b"")
-        await resource.run(ApkIdentifier)
+        await resource.run(_MockComponentSysExec)
 
     ofrak = OFRAK(logging_level=logging.WARNING, exclude_components_missing_dependencies=True)
     ofrak.discover(mock_library3)
diff --git a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_resource.py b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_resource.py
index efcb9ea03..445de6a06 100644
--- a/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_resource.py
+++ b/ofrak_core/test_ofrak/unit/test_resource.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import tempfile
+import tempfile312 as tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from io import BytesIO
 from typing import List, Tuple
@@ -209,7 +209,9 @@ async def test_flush_to_disk_pack(ofrak_context: OFRAKContext):
         # this should not fail because pack_recursively was suppressed
         await root_resource.write_to(buffer, pack=False)
 
-    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as t:
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as t:
+        t.close()
+
         # again, should fail because the packer is run automatically
         with pytest.raises(MockFailException):
             await root_resource.flush_data_to_disk(t.name)