diff --git a/Lib/linecache.py b/Lib/linecache.py
index 4b38a0464d8747..8ba2df73d5a8fb 100644
--- a/Lib/linecache.py
+++ b/Lib/linecache.py
@@ -49,14 +49,17 @@ def checkcache(filename=None):
     (This is not checked upon each call!)"""
 
     if filename is None:
-        filenames = list(cache.keys())
-    elif filename in cache:
-        filenames = [filename]
+        # get keys atomically
+        filenames = cache.copy().keys()
     else:
-        return
+        filenames = [filename]
 
     for filename in filenames:
-        entry = cache[filename]
+        try:
+            entry = cache[filename]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
         if len(entry) == 1:
             # lazy cache entry, leave it lazy.
             continue
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-13-10-44-25.gh-issue-126775.a3ubjh.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-13-10-44-25.gh-issue-126775.a3ubjh.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..429fc2aa17bd42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-13-10-44-25.gh-issue-126775.a3ubjh.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Make :func:`linecache.checkcache` thread safe and GC re-entrancy safe.