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index_GEOG364-22_L5Census.html
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<title> Lab 5: Census Data</title>
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<ul>
<li class="title"><br> Lab 5: Census Data</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
</ul>
<nav role="navigation" id="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#overview" id="toc-overview"><span
class="toc-section-number">1</span> OVERVIEW</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#learning-objectives"
id="toc-learning-objectives"><span
class="toc-section-number">1.1</span> Learning
Objectives</a></li>
<li><a href="#get-help" id="toc-get-help"><span
class="toc-section-number">1.2</span> Get help</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#lab-set-up" id="toc-lab-set-up"><span
class="toc-section-number">2</span> LAB SET-UP</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#create-a-project"
id="toc-create-a-project"><span
class="toc-section-number">2.1</span> Create a
project</a></li>
<li><a href="#use-a-template" id="toc-use-a-template"><span
class="toc-section-number">2.2</span> Use a template</a></li>
<li><a href="#add-libraries-code-options"
id="toc-add-libraries-code-options"><span
class="toc-section-number">2.3</span> Add libraries & code
options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#using-census-data"
id="toc-using-census-data"><span
class="toc-section-number">3</span> USING CENSUS DATA</a></li>
<li><a href="#basic-stats-recap"
id="toc-basic-stats-recap"><span
class="toc-section-number">4</span> BASIC STATS RECAP</a></li>
<li><a href="#above-beyond" id="toc-above-beyond"><span
class="toc-section-number">5</span> ABOVE &
BEYOND</a></li>
<li><a href="#submitting-your-lab"
id="toc-submitting-your-lab"><span
class="toc-section-number">6</span> SUBMITTING YOUR
LAB</a></li>
<li><a href="#check-this-before-you-submit"
id="toc-check-this-before-you-submit"><span
class="toc-section-number">7</span> CHECK THIS BEFORE YOU
SUBMIT!</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#predict-your-grade"
id="toc-predict-your-grade"><span
class="toc-section-number">7.1</span> Predict your
grade</a></li>
<li><a href="#what-your-grade-means"
id="toc-what-your-grade-means"><span
class="toc-section-number">7.2</span> What your grade
means</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<ul class="authors">
<li class="divider"></li>
<li><span><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i> Dr
Greatrex</span></li>
<li><span><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></i> 2022-12-12</span></li>
</ul>
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</li>
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<a href="index_GEOG364-22_L4Firefly.html">Lab 4: Spatial Wrangling</a>
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<a href="index_GEOG364-22_L5Census.html">Lab 5: Census Data</a>
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</li>
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<h1 class="title"><br> Lab 5: Census Data</h1>
<!-- Don't indent these lines or it will mess pre blocks indentation -->
<p><br></p>
<div id="overview" class="section level1" number="1">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">1</span> OVERVIEW</h1>
<hr />
<div id="learning-objectives" class="section level2" number="1.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> Learning
Objectives</h2>
<p>The aim of this week’s lab is a NORMAL TWO WEEK LAB (sorry for the
confusion). We will focus on using Census data</p>
<p>SEE CANVAS FOR SUBMISSION DATES.</p>
</div>
<div id="get-help" class="section level2" number="1.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Get help</h2>
<p>If a link to a tutorial is broken, you should be able to go to the
tutorial number and find it in the menu.</p>
<p>Teams is the fastest way to get help. <a
href="https://teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3aSt_BHDOZLAgR9dsxgB2ly3-O77CnxyzoGFVYc0fpUTM1%40thread.tacv2/conversations?groupId=5e74a2d7-3a10-409a-b38d-50875fd02455&tenantId=7cf48d45-3ddb-4389-a9c1-c115526eb52e">CLICK
THIS LINK FOR THE TEAMS WEBSITE FOR LAB HELP</a></p>
<p><br></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="lab-set-up" class="section level1" number="2">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">2</span> LAB SET-UP</h1>
<p><br></p>
<div id="create-a-project" class="section level2" number="2.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Create a project</h2>
<ul>
<li>Using R-CLOUD? : click here. This also has instructions on
uploading/downloading code from your computers. <a
href="https://psu-spatial.github.io/Geog364-2022/index_GEOG364-22_Tutorial_R.html#2_R-Studio_CLOUD"
class="uri">https://psu-spatial.github.io/Geog364-2022/index_GEOG364-22_Tutorial_R.html#2_R-Studio_CLOUD</a>
<br><br></li>
<li>Using YOUR LAPTOP? : Click here: - <a
href="https://psu-spatial.github.io/Geog364-2022/index_GEOG364-22_Tutorial_R.html#3_R-Studio_Desktop"
class="uri">https://psu-spatial.github.io/Geog364-2022/index_GEOG364-22_Tutorial_R.html#3_R-Studio_Desktop</a></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div id="use-a-template" class="section level2" number="2.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Use a template</h2>
<p>You are welcome to use your own template, but I suggest for ease
using one of the professional ones, such as
<code>PACKAGE rmdformats</code> or <code>PACKAGE prettydoc</code>. To
use these,</p>
<ul>
<li>(if you have not already) click on the packages tab, then the
install button. Install the <code>rmdformats</code> package and the
<code>prettydoc</code> package.<br><br></li>
<li>Same as normal, go to <em>File|New File|R Markdown</em>. But NOW,
click on the templates button on the left. <br><br></li>
<li>You will see a whole load of templates from the different packages.
Each will give you professional formatting for very little work. To
explore what they look like without having to try each one, google the
websites for rmdformats, prettydoc and others..<br><br></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="Figures/pg_Lab41_template.png" width="1531" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><p>To see what a template looks like, choose it, press OK, then
press knit. <br><br></p></li>
<li><p>Choose your favourite. Finally, remember to add in the title and
author lines at the top of your Rmd file. For example here is the final
YAML for this script.<br><br></p></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="Figures/pg_Lab42_YAML.png" width="1176" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div id="add-libraries-code-options" class="section level2"
number="2.3">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.3</span> Add libraries &
code options</h2>
<p>Edit the first “set-up” code chunk so it looks like this and run/knit
to load. You might need additional libraries as you work through the
lab. If so, add them in this code chunk AND REMEMBER TO RERUN. If you’re
template didn’t have a “setup” code chunk, just create one at the
top.</p>
<p>If you see a little yellow bar at the top asking you to install
them,click yes!</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>knitr<span class="sc">::</span>opts_chunk<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">set</span>(<span class="at">cache =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>,<span class="at">message=</span><span class="cn">FALSE</span>,<span class="at">warning=</span><span class="cn">FALSE</span>,<span class="at">echo=</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># LIBRARIES</span></span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggpubr)</span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(skimr)</span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(plotly)</span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(knitr)</span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(raster)</span>
<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(sp)</span>
<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(sf)</span>
<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tmap)</span>
<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(terra)</span>
<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(rnaturalearth)</span>
<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(biscale)</span>
<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidycensus)</span>
<span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(cowplot)</span>
<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(units)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><br><br></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="using-census-data" class="section level1" number="3">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">3</span> USING CENSUS DATA</h1>
<p>Work through TUTORIAL 11, getting the code working in your lab
report. It will show you how to download and use data from the US census
and American Community survey.</p>
<p>[add link, for now to go to the Tutorials tab]</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li><p>Choose ANY US STATE that is NOT Iowa or PA. Choose a different
one to your friends. Also, choose some additional variables that
interest you. For example, past students have looked at water poverty
(access to sanitation), access to broadband, demographics and crime etc.
<br></p></li>
<li><p>Edit your code so that it works for your new combination.
<br></p></li>
<li><p>Make 3 maps, including at least one bichloropleth (same tutorial)
that show something interesting about your state. Write a few sentences
under each one interpreting your results. <br> Bonus marks for something
that’s genuinely interesting, rather than just two random variables you
decided on. <br><br> If you want to continue to improve your tmap
chloropleths. <a href="https://rpubs.com/erikaaldisa/choroplethmapping"
class="uri">https://rpubs.com/erikaaldisa/choroplethmapping</a> There
are also some good interactive ones out there on R graph
gallery.</p></li>
<li><p>Explain the modifiable areal map problem and both the shape and
zone effects. Write what impacts of MAUP do you think you see in your
analyses and why. E.g. “Iowa City is dominating the county its
in).<br></p></li>
<li><p>Explain what a chloropleth map is and a bi-chloropleth
map.</p></li>
<li><p>Chloropleths can be difficult to interpret because of both MAUP
and the color scales. In the bi_class function you just used, there are
four types of color scale possible: “quantile”, “equal”, “fisher”, and
“jenks”. Using the internet as a resource (or the textbooks), summarise
what each of them is doing. Choose the most appropriate one for your
particular analysis and explain your choice. <br><br> [[HINT: These
links might be useful, but remember to answer in your own words - <a
href="https://gisgeography.com/choropleth-maps-data-classification/"
class="uri">https://gisgeography.com/choropleth-maps-data-classification/</a>]
and <a href="https://darribas.org/gds18/slides/lecture_04.pdf"
class="uri">https://darribas.org/gds18/slides/lecture_04.pdf</a>]</p></li>
<li><p>Look at the best practice for chloropleths: <a
href="https://blog.datawrapper.de/choroplethmaps/"
class="uri">https://blog.datawrapper.de/choroplethmaps/</a> and make a
new version of one of your plots with at least one improvement,
explaining what you did. If you can’t get it working, you can get most
of the marks for explaining what you WANTED to do.</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div id="basic-stats-recap" class="section level1" number="4">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">4</span> BASIC STATS RECAP</h1>
<p>In the second part of the course, we will do some more maths. This is
your chance to hvae a recap</p>
<p>Go to this Khan Academy website</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Work through the materials at your leisure,</p>
<p>For this lab, take:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>QUIZ PROPORTIONS 2: <a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions-quiz-2"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions-quiz-2</a>
(5 questions, 10 MARKS)</p></li>
<li><p>QUIZ PROPORTIONS 3: <a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions-quiz-3"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions-quiz-3</a>
(5 questions, 10 MARKS)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Then go to this website:</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means</a></li>
</ul>
<p>work through the materials at your leisure, and take these two
quizzes.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>QUIZ MEANS 1: <a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means?referrer=upsell#"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means?referrer=upsell#</a>:~:text=Practice-,Quiz%201,-Level%20up%20on
(5 questions, 10 MARKS)</p></li>
<li><p>QUIZ MEANS 2: <a
href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means-quiz-2"
class="uri">https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means/quiz/xfb5d8e68:inference-quantitative-means-quiz-2</a>
(5 questions, 10 MARKS)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>FOR ALL 4, INCLUDE SCREENSHOTS IN YOUR LAB REPORT OF YOUR SCORES.</p>
<p>Each quiz should have 5 questions e,g, 20 in all. You can take the
quizes as many times as you like, but you drop 2 marks for each question
you get wrong in your final screenshots.</p>
</div>
<div id="above-beyond" class="section level1" number="5">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">5</span> ABOVE & BEYOND</h1>
<p>To get the 4 marks CHOOSE ONE of these options:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Work out how to put tables in markdown and include your Khan
scores as a neatly formatted table (look at Kable)</p></li>
<li><p>Work out how to put equations in markdown text and include a
fancy equation of your choice</p></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div id="submitting-your-lab" class="section level1" number="6">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">6</span> SUBMITTING YOUR
LAB</h1>
<p>Remember to save your work throughout and to spell check your writing
(next to the save button). Now, press the knit button again. If you have
not made any mistakes in the code then R should create a html file in
your Lab folder which includes your answers.</p>
<p><br> <br></p>
</div>
<div id="check-this-before-you-submit" class="section level1"
number="7">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">7</span> CHECK THIS BEFORE YOU
SUBMIT!</h1>
<p>People who use this section get better grades…</p>
<div id="predict-your-grade" class="section level2" number="7.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">7.1</span> Predict your
grade</h2>
<p>Here is LITERALLY how we are grading you. Predict your grade!</p>
<p><strong>HTML FILE SUBMISSION - 8 marks</strong></p>
<p><strong>RMD CODE SUBMISSION - 8 marks</strong></p>
<p><strong>MARKDOWN/CODE STYLE - 10 MARKS</strong></p>
<p>Your code and document is neat and easy to read. LOOK AT YOUR HTML
FILE IN YOUR WEB-BROWSER BEFORE YOU SUBMIT. There is also a spell check
next to the save button. You have written your answers below the
relevant code chunk in full sentences in a way that is easy to find and
grade. For example, you have written in full sentences, it is clear what
your answers are referring to.</p>
<p><strong>CHLOROPLETH PART - 40 MARKS</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Make maps for your state [10]</p></li>
<li><p>Interpret them for your state [10]</p></li>
<li><p>MAUP explanation [10]</p></li>
<li><p>Explaining breaks/jenks etc [5]</p></li>
<li><p>Best practice [5]</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>KHAN ACADEMY - 30 MARKS</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>lose 2 for each incorrect question</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Above and beyond: 4 MARKS</strong></p>
<p>See above</p>
<p>[100 marks total]</p>
</div>
<div id="what-your-grade-means" class="section level2" number="7.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">7.2</span> What your grade
means</h2>
<p>Why is 100% hard? Overall, here is what your lab should correspond
to:</p>
<table class=" lightable-classic-2 table table-striped table-hover table-responsive" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow", "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;">
Grade
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;">
% Mark
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;">
Rubric
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
A*
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
98-100
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Exceptional. Not only was it near perfect, but the graders learned
something. THIS IS HARD TO GET.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
NA
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
96+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
You went above and beyond
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
A
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
94+:
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Everything asked for with high quality. Class example
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
A-
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
90+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
The odd minor mistake, All code done but not written up in full
sentences etc. A little less care
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
B+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
87+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
More minor mistakes. Things like missing units, getting the odd
question wrong, no workings shown
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
B
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
84+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Solid work but the odd larger mistake or missing answer. Completely
misinterpreted something, that type of thing
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
B-
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
80+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Starting to miss entire/questions sections, or multiple larger mistakes.
Still a solid attempt.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
C+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
77+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
You made a good effort and did some things well, but there were a lot of
problems. (e.g. you wrote up the text well, but messed up the code)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
C
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
70+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
It’s clear you tried and learned something. Just attending labs will
get you this much as we can help you get to this stage
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
D
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
60+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
You attempt the lab and submit something. Not clear you put in much
effort or you had real issues
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
F
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
0+
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Didn’t submit, or incredibly limited attempt.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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