diff --git a/docs/classprojects.html b/docs/classprojects.html index 0a9db48..331e590 100644 --- a/docs/classprojects.html +++ b/docs/classprojects.html @@ -444,6 +444,28 @@

Class projects

  • Eli Borrevik – US January Temperature Analysis 2000-2020
    [Borrevik_index.html]

  • +
  • Lucy Roberts – Visualizing the Swirling Seas
    +[https://lucymakesmaps2.github.io/SwirlingERA.html]

  • +
  • Jett Rugebregt – Mapping Carbon Flux and Storage in the +Continental US
    +[https://rpubs.com/jettr/Final490]

  • +
  • MaKayla Etheridge – Galeras, Volcano vs Popocatepetl, Volcano SO2 +Emission Trends (2008-2013)
    +[https://rpubs.com/metered/1161437]

  • +
  • Ava Lomax – Potential Vegetation Types
    +[https://rpubs.com/alomax/pot_veg]

  • +
  • Niamh Houston – Creating a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index +Using R
    +[https://niamhhouston.github.io/GEOG490/]

  • +
  • Hannah Neuman – Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan +Earthquake
    +[Neuman_index.html]

  • https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/

    diff --git a/docs/md/classprojects.md b/docs/md/classprojects.md index e5b0eca..4b9986b 100644 --- a/docs/md/classprojects.md +++ b/docs/md/classprojects.md @@ -51,7 +51,26 @@ [[https://marcia-shiyu.github.io/Final-Project-for-R-for-Earth-System-Science/]](https://marcia-shiyu.github.io/Final-Project-for-R-for-Earth-System-Science/) - Eli Borrevik -- US January Temperature Analysis 2000-2020 -[[Borrevik_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) +[[Borrevik_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) + +- Lucy Roberts -- Visualizing the Swirling Seas +[[https://lucymakesmaps2.github.io/SwirlingERA.html]](https://lucymakesmaps2.github.io/SwirlingERA.html) + +- Jett Rugebregt -- Mapping Carbon Flux and Storage in the Continental US +[[https://rpubs.com/jettr/Final490]](https://rpubs.com/jettr/Final490) + +- MaKayla Etheridge -- Galeras, Volcano vs Popocatepetl, Volcano SO2 Emission Trends (2008-2013) +[[https://rpubs.com/metered/1161437]](https://rpubs.com/metered/1161437) + +- Ava Lomax -- Potential Vegetation Types +[[https://rpubs.com/alomax/pot_veg]](https://rpubs.com/alomax/pot_veg) + +- Niamh Houston -- Creating a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Using R +[[https://niamhhouston.github.io/GEOG490/]](https://niamhhouston.github.io/GEOG490/) + +- Hannah Neuman -- Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake +[[Neuman_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) + diff --git a/docs/projects/Neuman_index.html b/docs/projects/Neuman_index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40f8aca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/projects/Neuman_index.html @@ -0,0 +1,2313 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +R Notebook + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + + + + +
    library(gridExtra)
    +library(ggplot2)
    +library(cowplot)
    +library(grid)
    +library(gridExtra)
    +library(lubridate)
    +library(leaflet)
    +library(zoo)
    +library(pracma)
    +library(plotrix)
    +library(signal)
    +
    +

    Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake

    +
    +

    Read in csv data

    +
    apia <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/apia.csv")
    +iturup <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/iturup.csv")
    +guadalcanal <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/guadalcanal.csv")
    +

    The month column in the dataset is in the format ‘3’ instead of ‘03’ +so it needs to be converted.

    +
    ### Convert 'MM' column to numeric
    +apia$MM <- as.numeric(apia$MM)
    +### Convert month column '3' to '03' format
    +apia$MM <- sprintf("%02d", apia$MM)
    +### Drop values where height is 9999
    +apia <- apia[apia$HEIGHT != 9999, , drop = FALSE]
    +### Create combined date column as POSIXct format
    +apia$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia$X.YY, apia$MM, apia$DD, apia$hh, apia$mm, apia$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +

    Same for itrup

    +
    iturup$MM <- as.numeric(iturup$MM)
    +iturup$MM <- sprintf("%02d", iturup$MM)
    +iturup <- iturup[iturup$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    +iturup$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(iturup$X.YY, iturup$MM, iturup$DD, iturup$hh, iturup$mm, iturup$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    And for guadalcanal

    +
    guadalcanal$MM <- as.numeric(guadalcanal$MM)
    +guadalcanal$MM <- sprintf("%02d", guadalcanal$MM)
    +guadalcanal <- guadalcanal[guadalcanal$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    +guadalcanal$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(guadalcanal$X.YY, guadalcanal$MM, guadalcanal$DD, guadalcanal$hh, guadalcanal$mm, guadalcanal$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    Normalize height against the average

    +
    apia_height_avg <- mean(apia$HEIGHT)
    +apia$height_norm <- apia$HEIGHT - apia_height_avg
    +
    +iturup_height_avg <- mean(iturup$HEIGHT)
    +iturup$height_norm <- iturup$HEIGHT - iturup_height_avg
    +
    +guadalcanal_height_avg <- mean(guadalcanal$HEIGHT)
    +guadalcanal$height_norm <- guadalcanal$HEIGHT - guadalcanal_height_avg
    +

    The data has 3 different sampling frequencies, denoted by values of +1, 2, or 3 in the ‘T’ column of the data. A value of 1 is a 15 minute +sampling frequency, 2 is a 1 minute frequency, and 3 is a 15 second +frequency. To look at the distribution of the different sampling rates +in the data, Apia is split into 3 sets by the value in the ‘T’ column, +then plotted.

    +
    +
    +

    Separate data by sampling frequency

    +
    apia1 <- subset(apia, T == 1)
    +apia2 <- subset(apia, T == 2)
    +apia3 <- subset(apia, T == 3)
    +
    +
    +

    Reset the row names for each DataFrame

    +
    rownames(apia1) <- NULL
    +rownames(apia2) <- NULL
    +rownames(apia3) <- NULL
    +
    +
    +

    Extract time columns for each DataFrame

    +
    time1 <- apia1$Date
    +time2 <- apia2$Date
    +time3 <- apia3$Date
    +
    +apia1$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia1$X.YY, apia1$MM, apia1$DD, apia1$hh, apia1$mm, apia1$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +apia2$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia2$X.YY, apia2$MM, apia2$DD, apia2$hh, apia2$mm, apia2$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +apia3$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia3$X.YY, apia3$MM, apia3$DD, apia3$hh, apia3$mm, apia3$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    Create three separate plots

    +
    plot1 <- ggplot(apia1, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia1 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +plot2 <- ggplot(apia2, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia2 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +plot3 <- ggplot(apia3, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia3 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +# Arrange the plots in a grid layout
    +grid.arrange(plot1, plot2, plot3, ncol = 1)
    +
    +Plot 1 +
    Plot 1
    +
    +

    Now plot the raw data for each station, and add scatter points that +are colored by the sampling frequency.

    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for apia

    +
    plot1 <- ggplot(data = apia, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " ", y = " ") +
    +ggtitle("Apia") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(apia$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for guadalcanal

    +
    plot2 <- ggplot(data = guadalcanal, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " ", y = "Normalized Height") +
    +ggtitle("Guadalcanal") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(guadalcanal$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for iturup

    +
    plot3 <- ggplot(data = iturup, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " Date ", y = " ") +
    +ggtitle("Iturup") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(iturup$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Create subplots

    +
    grid.arrange(plot3, plot2, plot1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 2 +
    Plot 2
    +
    +

    In order to compute the Fourier transform and apply a filter to the +data to remove the tidal signal, the data needs to be resampled to a +consistent frequency of 15 seconds.

    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now resample time series data to 15s sampling frequency

    +
    new_freq = 15 #15 seconds
    +
    +### Create zoo object
    +apia_data <- zoo(apia$height_norm, apia$Date)
    +
    +### Check for duplicate timestamps
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(apia$Date)
    +
    +### Remove duplicates
    +apia_unique <- apia[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +### Set Date column as the index
    +apia_zoo <- zoo(apia_unique$height_norm, order.by = apia_unique$Date)
    +
    +### Resample the time series data
    +apia_resamp <- na.approx(merge(apia_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +### Convert apia_resamp to numeric 
    +apia_resamp <- as.numeric(apia_resamp)
    +

    The Fouerier Transform allows me to plot the frequency content of the +signal, which is necessary to choose what frequency I need to filter out +to remove the tide signal and leave the tsunami signal.

    +
    +

    Compute Fourier transform

    +
    fft_apia <- fft(apia_resamp)
    +fftshift_apia <- fftshift(fft_apia)
    +
    +### Compute amplitude spectrum
    +amp_apia <- Mod(fftshift_apia)
    +
    +### Number of data points
    +N <- length(amp_apia)
    +
    +### Sampling frequency
    +sample_freq <- 4  # 4 samples per minute
    +
    +### Calculate the time step
    +dt <- 1 / sample_freq
    +
    +### Compute the frequency values corresponding to the FFT result
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +### Plot the frequency amplitude spectrum on a semilogx scale
    +plot(freq, amp_apia, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +

    The filter I am applying to the signal is the Butterworth Filter.

    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now apply butterworth filter

    +
    ### Define the filter parameters
    +poles <- 4  # Filter order
    +fc <- 0.003 # Corner frequency in Hz to filter out tides
    +fs <- 1/15  # Sampling frequency (1 sample every 15 seconds)
    +
    +### Calculate the normalized corner frequency
    +fnyquist <- 0.5 * fs
    +normalized_corner_freq <- fc / fnyquist
    +
    +### Design the Butterworth highpass filter
    +b <- butter(poles, normalized_corner_freq, type = "high")
    +
    +### Filter the data using a two-pass Butterworth highpass filter
    +apia_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, apia_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +

    now filter Guadalcanal

    +
    guadalcanal_data <- zoo(guadalcanal$height_norm, guadalcanal$Date)
    +
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(guadalcanal$Date)
    +
    +guadalcanal_unique <- guadalcanal[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +
    +guadalcanal_zoo <- zoo(guadalcanal_unique$height_norm, order.by = guadalcanal_unique$Date)
    +
    +guadalcanal_resamp <- na.approx(merge(guadalcanal_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +
    +guadalcanal_resamp <- as.numeric(guadalcanal_resamp)
    +
    +fft_guadalcanal <- fft(guadalcanal_resamp)
    +fftshift_guadalcanal <- fftshift(fft_guadalcanal)
    +
    +amp_guadalcanal <- Mod(fftshift_guadalcanal)
    +
    +N <- length(amp_guadalcanal)
    +
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +plot(freq, amp_guadalcanal, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +guadalcanal_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, guadalcanal_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +
    +

    and Iturup

    +
    iturup_data <- zoo(iturup$height_norm, iturup$Date)
    +
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(iturup$Date)
    +
    +iturup_unique <- iturup[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +
    +iturup_zoo <- zoo(iturup_unique$height_norm, order.by = iturup_unique$Date)
    +
    +iturup_resamp <- na.approx(merge(iturup_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +
    +iturup_resamp <- as.numeric(iturup_resamp)
    +
    +fft_iturup <- fft(iturup_resamp)
    +fftshift_iturup <- fftshift(fft_iturup)
    +
    +amp_iturup <- Mod(fftshift_iturup)
    +
    +N <- length(amp_iturup)
    +
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +plot(freq, amp_iturup, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +iturup_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, iturup_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +Plot 3 +
    Plot 3
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now plot the filtered signals

    +
    +

    Set up plotting layout

    +
    par(mfrow = c(3, 1), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1))
    +### Timestamp for earthquake on March 11, 2011 5:46pm UTC
    +eq_timestamp <- as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:00", tz = "UTC")
    +### Plot signals for iturup
    +plot(iturup_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Iturup")
    +lines(iturup_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +### Plot signals for guadalcanal
    +plot(guadalcanal_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Guadalcanal")
    +lines(guadalcanal_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +### Plot signals for apia
    +plot(apia_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Apia")
    +lines(apia_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +Plot 4 +
    Plot 4
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now plot seismic stations and buoys on a map

    +
    +

    Add the seismic data from Erimo (close to eq epicenter)

    +
    japaneq <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/japaneq.csv")
    +
    +
    +

    Data has no time values so we need to generate time values for +plotting

    +
    sample_count <- 42000
    +sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    +start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")
    +
    +
    +

    Generate time values in seconds

    +
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)
    +
    +
    +

    Add generated time values as a column

    +
    japaneq$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)
    +
    +
    +

    Plot acceleration data

    +
    plot4 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "Erimo Seismic Data",
    +    x = " ", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +plot5 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "North/South ",
    +    x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +plot6 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "East/West ",
    +    x = "Time", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +### Create subplots
    +grid.arrange(plot4, plot5, plot6, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 5 +
    Plot 5
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Add the seismic data from Matsuhiro (SE Japan)

    +
    matsushiro <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/matsushiro.csv")
    +
    +sample_count <- 42000
    +sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    +start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")
    +
    +

    Generate time values in seconds

    +
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)
    +
    +
    +

    Add generated time values as a column

    +
    matsushiro$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)
    +
    +
    +

    Plot acceleration data

    +
    plot7 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "Matsuhiro Seismic Data",
    +    x = " ", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +plot8 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "North/South ",
    +    x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +plot9 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "East/West ",
    +    x = "Time", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +# Create subplots
    +grid.arrange(plot7, plot8, plot9, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 6 +
    Plot 6
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now add buoy, eq, and seismic stations to a map

    +
    ### buoy coordinates
    +buoy_points <- data.frame(name = c("Guadalcanal", "Apia", "Iturup"),
    +lon = c(164.99,176.26, 152.58),  
    +lat = c(5.37, 9.51, 42.62)      
    +)
    +
    +### EQ coordinates
    +eq_point <- data.frame(name = "EQ",
    +lon = 142.8600,  
    +lat = 38.1033    
    +)
    +
    +### Erimo seismic station coordinates
    +erimo_point <- data.frame(name = "Erimo", 
    +lat = 42.02,
    +lon = 143.16 
    +)
    +
    +### Matsushiro seismic station
    +matsushiro_point <- data.frame(name = "Matsushiro",
    +lat = 36.55,
    +lon = 138.20
    +)
    +
    +### Create a map centered around Japan
    +m <- leaflet() %>%
    +setView(lng = 140, lat = 35, zoom = 3) %>%
    +addTiles()
    +
    +### Add buoys to map
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = buoy_points, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "red", radius = 5,popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +
    +### Add eq to map with different symbology
    +m <- addCircleMarkers(m, data = eq_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "green", radius = 8, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +
    +### Add seismic stations to map
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = erimo_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "blue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = matsushiro_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "darkblue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +# Display the map
    +m
    +
    +Plot 7 +
    Plot 7
    +
    + +
    +
    + +
    ---
title: "R Notebook"
output: html_notebook
---

    library(gridExtra)
    library(ggplot2)
    library(cowplot)
    library(grid)
    library(gridExtra)
    library(lubridate)
    library(leaflet)
    library(zoo)
    library(pracma)
    library(plotrix)
    library(signal)

# Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake
## Read in csv data

    apia <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/apia.csv")
    iturup <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/iturup.csv")
    guadalcanal <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/guadalcanal.csv")

The month column in the dataset is in the format '3' instead of '03' so it needs to be converted.

    ### Convert 'MM' column to numeric
    apia$MM <- as.numeric(apia$MM)
    ### Convert month column '3' to '03' format
    apia$MM <- sprintf("%02d", apia$MM)
    ### Drop values where height is 9999
    apia <- apia[apia$HEIGHT != 9999, , drop = FALSE]
    ### Create combined date column as POSIXct format
    apia$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia$X.YY, apia$MM, apia$DD, apia$hh, apia$mm, apia$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Same for itrup
    iturup$MM <- as.numeric(iturup$MM)
    iturup$MM <- sprintf("%02d", iturup$MM)
    iturup <- iturup[iturup$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    iturup$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(iturup$X.YY, iturup$MM, iturup$DD, iturup$hh, iturup$mm, iturup$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### And for guadalcanal
    guadalcanal$MM <- as.numeric(guadalcanal$MM)
    guadalcanal$MM <- sprintf("%02d", guadalcanal$MM)
    guadalcanal <- guadalcanal[guadalcanal$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    guadalcanal$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(guadalcanal$X.YY, guadalcanal$MM, guadalcanal$DD, guadalcanal$hh, guadalcanal$mm, guadalcanal$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Normalize height against the average
    apia_height_avg <- mean(apia$HEIGHT)
    apia$height_norm <- apia$HEIGHT - apia_height_avg

    iturup_height_avg <- mean(iturup$HEIGHT)
    iturup$height_norm <- iturup$HEIGHT - iturup_height_avg

    guadalcanal_height_avg <- mean(guadalcanal$HEIGHT)
    guadalcanal$height_norm <- guadalcanal$HEIGHT - guadalcanal_height_avg

The data has 3 different sampling frequencies, denoted by values of 1, 2, or 3 in the 'T' column of the data. A value of 1 is a 15 minute sampling frequency, 2 is a 1 minute frequency, and 3 is a 15 second frequency. To look at the distribution of the different sampling rates in the data, Apia is split into 3 sets by the value in the 'T' column, then plotted. 

### Separate data by sampling frequency
    apia1 <- subset(apia, T == 1)
    apia2 <- subset(apia, T == 2)
    apia3 <- subset(apia, T == 3)

### Reset the row names for each DataFrame
    rownames(apia1) <- NULL
    rownames(apia2) <- NULL
    rownames(apia3) <- NULL

### Extract time columns for each DataFrame
    time1 <- apia1$Date
    time2 <- apia2$Date
    time3 <- apia3$Date

    apia1$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia1$X.YY, apia1$MM, apia1$DD, apia1$hh, apia1$mm, apia1$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    apia2$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia2$X.YY, apia2$MM, apia2$DD, apia2$hh, apia2$mm, apia2$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    apia3$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia3$X.YY, apia3$MM, apia3$DD, apia3$hh, apia3$mm, apia3$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Create three separate plots
    plot1 <- ggplot(apia1, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia1 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    plot2 <- ggplot(apia2, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia2 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    plot3 <- ggplot(apia3, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia3 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    # Arrange the plots in a grid layout
    grid.arrange(plot1, plot2, plot3, ncol = 1)
![Plot 1](samplerate_plot.png)

Now plot the raw data for each station, and add scatter points that are colored by the sampling frequency. 

### Scatter plot for apia
    plot1 <- ggplot(data = apia, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " ", y = " ") +
    ggtitle("Apia") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(apia$Date)))


### Scatter plot for guadalcanal
    plot2 <- ggplot(data = guadalcanal, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " ", y = "Normalized Height") +
    ggtitle("Guadalcanal") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(guadalcanal$Date)))


### Scatter plot for iturup
    plot3 <- ggplot(data = iturup, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " Date ", y = " ") +
    ggtitle("Iturup") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(iturup$Date)))


### Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot3, plot2, plot1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))

![Plot 2](og_data.png)

In order to compute the Fourier transform and apply a filter to the data to remove the tidal signal, the data needs to be resampled to a consistent frequency of 15 seconds.

# Now resample time series data to 15s sampling frequency
    new_freq = 15 #15 seconds

    ### Create zoo object
    apia_data <- zoo(apia$height_norm, apia$Date)

    ### Check for duplicate timestamps
    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(apia$Date)

    ### Remove duplicates
    apia_unique <- apia[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    ### Set Date column as the index
    apia_zoo <- zoo(apia_unique$height_norm, order.by = apia_unique$Date)

    ### Resample the time series data
    apia_resamp <- na.approx(merge(apia_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))
    ### Convert apia_resamp to numeric 
    apia_resamp <- as.numeric(apia_resamp)

The Fouerier Transform allows me to plot the frequency content of the signal, which is necessary to choose what frequency I need to filter out to remove the tide signal and leave the tsunami signal. 

### Compute Fourier transform
    fft_apia <- fft(apia_resamp)
    fftshift_apia <- fftshift(fft_apia)

    ### Compute amplitude spectrum
    amp_apia <- Mod(fftshift_apia)

    ### Number of data points
    N <- length(amp_apia)

    ### Sampling frequency
    sample_freq <- 4  # 4 samples per minute

    ### Calculate the time step
    dt <- 1 / sample_freq

    ### Compute the frequency values corresponding to the FFT result
    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    ### Plot the frequency amplitude spectrum on a semilogx scale
    plot(freq, amp_apia, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

The filter I am applying to the signal is the Butterworth Filter.


# Now apply butterworth filter
    ### Define the filter parameters
    poles <- 4  # Filter order
    fc <- 0.003 # Corner frequency in Hz to filter out tides
    fs <- 1/15  # Sampling frequency (1 sample every 15 seconds)

    ### Calculate the normalized corner frequency
    fnyquist <- 0.5 * fs
    normalized_corner_freq <- fc / fnyquist

    ### Design the Butterworth highpass filter
    b <- butter(poles, normalized_corner_freq, type = "high")

    ### Filter the data using a two-pass Butterworth highpass filter
    apia_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, apia_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)

### now filter Guadalcanal
    guadalcanal_data <- zoo(guadalcanal$height_norm, guadalcanal$Date)

    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(guadalcanal$Date)

    guadalcanal_unique <- guadalcanal[!duplicated_timestamps, ]

    guadalcanal_zoo <- zoo(guadalcanal_unique$height_norm, order.by = guadalcanal_unique$Date)

    guadalcanal_resamp <- na.approx(merge(guadalcanal_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))

    guadalcanal_resamp <- as.numeric(guadalcanal_resamp)

    fft_guadalcanal <- fft(guadalcanal_resamp)
    fftshift_guadalcanal <- fftshift(fft_guadalcanal)

    amp_guadalcanal <- Mod(fftshift_guadalcanal)

    N <- length(amp_guadalcanal)

    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    plot(freq, amp_guadalcanal, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

    guadalcanal_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, guadalcanal_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)

### and Iturup
    iturup_data <- zoo(iturup$height_norm, iturup$Date)

    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(iturup$Date)

    iturup_unique <- iturup[!duplicated_timestamps, ]

    iturup_zoo <- zoo(iturup_unique$height_norm, order.by = iturup_unique$Date)

    iturup_resamp <- na.approx(merge(iturup_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))

    iturup_resamp <- as.numeric(iturup_resamp)

    fft_iturup <- fft(iturup_resamp)
    fftshift_iturup <- fftshift(fft_iturup)

    amp_iturup <- Mod(fftshift_iturup)

    N <- length(amp_iturup)

    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    plot(freq, amp_iturup, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

    iturup_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, iturup_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
![Plot 3](freq_amp.png)

# Now plot the filtered signals

### Set up plotting layout
    par(mfrow = c(3, 1), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1))
    ### Timestamp for earthquake on March 11, 2011 5:46pm UTC
    eq_timestamp <- as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:00", tz = "UTC")
    ### Plot signals for iturup
    plot(iturup_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Iturup")
    lines(iturup_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

    ### Plot signals for guadalcanal
    plot(guadalcanal_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Guadalcanal")
    lines(guadalcanal_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

    ### Plot signals for apia
    plot(apia_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Apia")
    lines(apia_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

![Plot 4](filtered_signals.png)

# Now plot seismic stations and buoys on a map

### Add the seismic data from Erimo (close to eq epicenter)
    japaneq <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/japaneq.csv")

### Data has no time values so we need to generate time values for plotting

    sample_count <- 42000
    sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")

### Generate time values in seconds
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)

### Add generated time values as a column
    japaneq$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)


### Plot acceleration data
    plot4 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "Erimo Seismic Data",
        x = " ", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    plot5 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "North/South ",
        x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    plot6 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "East/West ",
        x = "Time", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    ### Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot4, plot5, plot6, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))


![Plot 5](Erimo_plots.png)

## Add the seismic data from Matsuhiro (SE Japan)
    matsushiro <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/matsushiro.csv")

    sample_count <- 42000
    sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")

### Generate time values in seconds
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)

### Add generated time values as a column
    matsushiro$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)

### Plot acceleration data
    plot7 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "Matsuhiro Seismic Data",
        x = " ", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    plot8 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "North/South ",
        x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    plot9 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "East/West ",
        x = "Time", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    # Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot7, plot8, plot9, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
![Plot 6](Matsushiro_plots.png)


## Now add buoy, eq, and seismic stations to a map

    ### buoy coordinates
    buoy_points <- data.frame(name = c("Guadalcanal", "Apia", "Iturup"),
    lon = c(164.99,176.26, 152.58),  
    lat = c(5.37, 9.51, 42.62)      
    )

    ### EQ coordinates
    eq_point <- data.frame(name = "EQ",
    lon = 142.8600,  
    lat = 38.1033    
    )

    ### Erimo seismic station coordinates
    erimo_point <- data.frame(name = "Erimo", 
    lat = 42.02,
    lon = 143.16 
    )

    ### Matsushiro seismic station
    matsushiro_point <- data.frame(name = "Matsushiro",
    lat = 36.55,
    lon = 138.20
    )

    ### Create a map centered around Japan
    m <- leaflet() %>%
    setView(lng = 140, lat = 35, zoom = 3) %>%
    addTiles()

    ### Add buoys to map
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = buoy_points, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "red", radius = 5,popup = ~as.character(name))


    ### Add eq to map with different symbology
    m <- addCircleMarkers(m, data = eq_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "green", radius = 8, popup = ~as.character(name))


    ### Add seismic stations to map
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = erimo_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "blue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = matsushiro_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "darkblue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))

    # Display the map
    m

![Plot 7](map.png)

    + + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/md/classprojects.md b/md/classprojects.md index e5b0eca..4b9986b 100644 --- a/md/classprojects.md +++ b/md/classprojects.md @@ -51,7 +51,26 @@ [[https://marcia-shiyu.github.io/Final-Project-for-R-for-Earth-System-Science/]](https://marcia-shiyu.github.io/Final-Project-for-R-for-Earth-System-Science/) - Eli Borrevik -- US January Temperature Analysis 2000-2020 -[[Borrevik_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) +[[Borrevik_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) + +- Lucy Roberts -- Visualizing the Swirling Seas +[[https://lucymakesmaps2.github.io/SwirlingERA.html]](https://lucymakesmaps2.github.io/SwirlingERA.html) + +- Jett Rugebregt -- Mapping Carbon Flux and Storage in the Continental US +[[https://rpubs.com/jettr/Final490]](https://rpubs.com/jettr/Final490) + +- MaKayla Etheridge -- Galeras, Volcano vs Popocatepetl, Volcano SO2 Emission Trends (2008-2013) +[[https://rpubs.com/metered/1161437]](https://rpubs.com/metered/1161437) + +- Ava Lomax -- Potential Vegetation Types +[[https://rpubs.com/alomax/pot_veg]](https://rpubs.com/alomax/pot_veg) + +- Niamh Houston -- Creating a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Using R +[[https://niamhhouston.github.io/GEOG490/]](https://niamhhouston.github.io/GEOG490/) + +- Hannah Neuman -- Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake +[[Neuman_index.html]](https://pjbartlein.github.io/REarthSysSci/projects/) + diff --git a/projects/Neuman_index.html b/projects/Neuman_index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40f8aca --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/Neuman_index.html @@ -0,0 +1,2313 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +R Notebook + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + + + + +
    library(gridExtra)
    +library(ggplot2)
    +library(cowplot)
    +library(grid)
    +library(gridExtra)
    +library(lubridate)
    +library(leaflet)
    +library(zoo)
    +library(pracma)
    +library(plotrix)
    +library(signal)
    +
    +

    Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake

    +
    +

    Read in csv data

    +
    apia <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/apia.csv")
    +iturup <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/iturup.csv")
    +guadalcanal <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/guadalcanal.csv")
    +

    The month column in the dataset is in the format ‘3’ instead of ‘03’ +so it needs to be converted.

    +
    ### Convert 'MM' column to numeric
    +apia$MM <- as.numeric(apia$MM)
    +### Convert month column '3' to '03' format
    +apia$MM <- sprintf("%02d", apia$MM)
    +### Drop values where height is 9999
    +apia <- apia[apia$HEIGHT != 9999, , drop = FALSE]
    +### Create combined date column as POSIXct format
    +apia$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia$X.YY, apia$MM, apia$DD, apia$hh, apia$mm, apia$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +

    Same for itrup

    +
    iturup$MM <- as.numeric(iturup$MM)
    +iturup$MM <- sprintf("%02d", iturup$MM)
    +iturup <- iturup[iturup$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    +iturup$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(iturup$X.YY, iturup$MM, iturup$DD, iturup$hh, iturup$mm, iturup$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    And for guadalcanal

    +
    guadalcanal$MM <- as.numeric(guadalcanal$MM)
    +guadalcanal$MM <- sprintf("%02d", guadalcanal$MM)
    +guadalcanal <- guadalcanal[guadalcanal$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    +guadalcanal$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(guadalcanal$X.YY, guadalcanal$MM, guadalcanal$DD, guadalcanal$hh, guadalcanal$mm, guadalcanal$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    Normalize height against the average

    +
    apia_height_avg <- mean(apia$HEIGHT)
    +apia$height_norm <- apia$HEIGHT - apia_height_avg
    +
    +iturup_height_avg <- mean(iturup$HEIGHT)
    +iturup$height_norm <- iturup$HEIGHT - iturup_height_avg
    +
    +guadalcanal_height_avg <- mean(guadalcanal$HEIGHT)
    +guadalcanal$height_norm <- guadalcanal$HEIGHT - guadalcanal_height_avg
    +

    The data has 3 different sampling frequencies, denoted by values of +1, 2, or 3 in the ‘T’ column of the data. A value of 1 is a 15 minute +sampling frequency, 2 is a 1 minute frequency, and 3 is a 15 second +frequency. To look at the distribution of the different sampling rates +in the data, Apia is split into 3 sets by the value in the ‘T’ column, +then plotted.

    +
    +
    +

    Separate data by sampling frequency

    +
    apia1 <- subset(apia, T == 1)
    +apia2 <- subset(apia, T == 2)
    +apia3 <- subset(apia, T == 3)
    +
    +
    +

    Reset the row names for each DataFrame

    +
    rownames(apia1) <- NULL
    +rownames(apia2) <- NULL
    +rownames(apia3) <- NULL
    +
    +
    +

    Extract time columns for each DataFrame

    +
    time1 <- apia1$Date
    +time2 <- apia2$Date
    +time3 <- apia3$Date
    +
    +apia1$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia1$X.YY, apia1$MM, apia1$DD, apia1$hh, apia1$mm, apia1$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +apia2$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia2$X.YY, apia2$MM, apia2$DD, apia2$hh, apia2$mm, apia2$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +apia3$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia3$X.YY, apia3$MM, apia3$DD, apia3$hh, apia3$mm, apia3$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    +
    +
    +

    Create three separate plots

    +
    plot1 <- ggplot(apia1, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia1 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +plot2 <- ggplot(apia2, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia2 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +plot3 <- ggplot(apia3, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    +geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    +labs(title = "Apia3 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))
    +
    +# Arrange the plots in a grid layout
    +grid.arrange(plot1, plot2, plot3, ncol = 1)
    +
    +Plot 1 +
    Plot 1
    +
    +

    Now plot the raw data for each station, and add scatter points that +are colored by the sampling frequency.

    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for apia

    +
    plot1 <- ggplot(data = apia, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " ", y = " ") +
    +ggtitle("Apia") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(apia$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for guadalcanal

    +
    plot2 <- ggplot(data = guadalcanal, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " ", y = "Normalized Height") +
    +ggtitle("Guadalcanal") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(guadalcanal$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Scatter plot for iturup

    +
    plot3 <- ggplot(data = iturup, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    +geom_line() +
    +#geom_point(size = 1) +
    +labs(x = " Date ", y = " ") +
    +ggtitle("Iturup") +
    +geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    +theme_minimal()+
    +ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    +scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(iturup$Date)))
    +
    +
    +

    Create subplots

    +
    grid.arrange(plot3, plot2, plot1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 2 +
    Plot 2
    +
    +

    In order to compute the Fourier transform and apply a filter to the +data to remove the tidal signal, the data needs to be resampled to a +consistent frequency of 15 seconds.

    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now resample time series data to 15s sampling frequency

    +
    new_freq = 15 #15 seconds
    +
    +### Create zoo object
    +apia_data <- zoo(apia$height_norm, apia$Date)
    +
    +### Check for duplicate timestamps
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(apia$Date)
    +
    +### Remove duplicates
    +apia_unique <- apia[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +### Set Date column as the index
    +apia_zoo <- zoo(apia_unique$height_norm, order.by = apia_unique$Date)
    +
    +### Resample the time series data
    +apia_resamp <- na.approx(merge(apia_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +### Convert apia_resamp to numeric 
    +apia_resamp <- as.numeric(apia_resamp)
    +

    The Fouerier Transform allows me to plot the frequency content of the +signal, which is necessary to choose what frequency I need to filter out +to remove the tide signal and leave the tsunami signal.

    +
    +

    Compute Fourier transform

    +
    fft_apia <- fft(apia_resamp)
    +fftshift_apia <- fftshift(fft_apia)
    +
    +### Compute amplitude spectrum
    +amp_apia <- Mod(fftshift_apia)
    +
    +### Number of data points
    +N <- length(amp_apia)
    +
    +### Sampling frequency
    +sample_freq <- 4  # 4 samples per minute
    +
    +### Calculate the time step
    +dt <- 1 / sample_freq
    +
    +### Compute the frequency values corresponding to the FFT result
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +### Plot the frequency amplitude spectrum on a semilogx scale
    +plot(freq, amp_apia, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +

    The filter I am applying to the signal is the Butterworth Filter.

    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now apply butterworth filter

    +
    ### Define the filter parameters
    +poles <- 4  # Filter order
    +fc <- 0.003 # Corner frequency in Hz to filter out tides
    +fs <- 1/15  # Sampling frequency (1 sample every 15 seconds)
    +
    +### Calculate the normalized corner frequency
    +fnyquist <- 0.5 * fs
    +normalized_corner_freq <- fc / fnyquist
    +
    +### Design the Butterworth highpass filter
    +b <- butter(poles, normalized_corner_freq, type = "high")
    +
    +### Filter the data using a two-pass Butterworth highpass filter
    +apia_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, apia_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +

    now filter Guadalcanal

    +
    guadalcanal_data <- zoo(guadalcanal$height_norm, guadalcanal$Date)
    +
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(guadalcanal$Date)
    +
    +guadalcanal_unique <- guadalcanal[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +
    +guadalcanal_zoo <- zoo(guadalcanal_unique$height_norm, order.by = guadalcanal_unique$Date)
    +
    +guadalcanal_resamp <- na.approx(merge(guadalcanal_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +
    +guadalcanal_resamp <- as.numeric(guadalcanal_resamp)
    +
    +fft_guadalcanal <- fft(guadalcanal_resamp)
    +fftshift_guadalcanal <- fftshift(fft_guadalcanal)
    +
    +amp_guadalcanal <- Mod(fftshift_guadalcanal)
    +
    +N <- length(amp_guadalcanal)
    +
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +plot(freq, amp_guadalcanal, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +guadalcanal_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, guadalcanal_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +
    +

    and Iturup

    +
    iturup_data <- zoo(iturup$height_norm, iturup$Date)
    +
    +duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(iturup$Date)
    +
    +iturup_unique <- iturup[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    +
    +iturup_zoo <- zoo(iturup_unique$height_norm, order.by = iturup_unique$Date)
    +
    +iturup_resamp <- na.approx(merge(iturup_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))
    +
    +iturup_resamp <- as.numeric(iturup_resamp)
    +
    +fft_iturup <- fft(iturup_resamp)
    +fftshift_iturup <- fftshift(fft_iturup)
    +
    +amp_iturup <- Mod(fftshift_iturup)
    +
    +N <- length(amp_iturup)
    +
    +freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)
    +
    +plot(freq, amp_iturup, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +iturup_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, iturup_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
    +
    +Plot 3 +
    Plot 3
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now plot the filtered signals

    +
    +

    Set up plotting layout

    +
    par(mfrow = c(3, 1), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1))
    +### Timestamp for earthquake on March 11, 2011 5:46pm UTC
    +eq_timestamp <- as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:00", tz = "UTC")
    +### Plot signals for iturup
    +plot(iturup_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Iturup")
    +lines(iturup_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +### Plot signals for guadalcanal
    +plot(guadalcanal_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Guadalcanal")
    +lines(guadalcanal_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +### Plot signals for apia
    +plot(apia_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Apia")
    +lines(apia_filt, col = "red")
    +legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    +grid(lwd = 1)
    +
    +Plot 4 +
    Plot 4
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now plot seismic stations and buoys on a map

    +
    +

    Add the seismic data from Erimo (close to eq epicenter)

    +
    japaneq <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/japaneq.csv")
    +
    +
    +

    Data has no time values so we need to generate time values for +plotting

    +
    sample_count <- 42000
    +sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    +start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")
    +
    +
    +

    Generate time values in seconds

    +
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)
    +
    +
    +

    Add generated time values as a column

    +
    japaneq$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)
    +
    +
    +

    Plot acceleration data

    +
    plot4 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "Erimo Seismic Data",
    +    x = " ", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +plot5 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "North/South ",
    +    x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +plot6 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "East/West ",
    +    x = "Time", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +### Create subplots
    +grid.arrange(plot4, plot5, plot6, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 5 +
    Plot 5
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Add the seismic data from Matsuhiro (SE Japan)

    +
    matsushiro <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/matsushiro.csv")
    +
    +sample_count <- 42000
    +sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    +start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")
    +
    +

    Generate time values in seconds

    +
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)
    +
    +
    +

    Add generated time values as a column

    +
    matsushiro$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)
    +
    +
    +

    Plot acceleration data

    +
    plot7 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "Matsuhiro Seismic Data",
    +    x = " ", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +plot8 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "North/South ",
    +    x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +
    +plot9 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    +geom_line() +
    +labs(title = "East/West ",
    +    x = "Time", y = " ") +
    +scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
    +                    breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
    +                    limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    +scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    +theme_bw() +
    +theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))
    +
    +# Create subplots
    +grid.arrange(plot7, plot8, plot9, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
    +            top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
    +
    +Plot 6 +
    Plot 6
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Now add buoy, eq, and seismic stations to a map

    +
    ### buoy coordinates
    +buoy_points <- data.frame(name = c("Guadalcanal", "Apia", "Iturup"),
    +lon = c(164.99,176.26, 152.58),  
    +lat = c(5.37, 9.51, 42.62)      
    +)
    +
    +### EQ coordinates
    +eq_point <- data.frame(name = "EQ",
    +lon = 142.8600,  
    +lat = 38.1033    
    +)
    +
    +### Erimo seismic station coordinates
    +erimo_point <- data.frame(name = "Erimo", 
    +lat = 42.02,
    +lon = 143.16 
    +)
    +
    +### Matsushiro seismic station
    +matsushiro_point <- data.frame(name = "Matsushiro",
    +lat = 36.55,
    +lon = 138.20
    +)
    +
    +### Create a map centered around Japan
    +m <- leaflet() %>%
    +setView(lng = 140, lat = 35, zoom = 3) %>%
    +addTiles()
    +
    +### Add buoys to map
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = buoy_points, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "red", radius = 5,popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +
    +### Add eq to map with different symbology
    +m <- addCircleMarkers(m, data = eq_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "green", radius = 8, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +
    +### Add seismic stations to map
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = erimo_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "blue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +m <- m %>%
    +addCircleMarkers(data = matsushiro_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "darkblue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    +
    +# Display the map
    +m
    +
    +Plot 7 +
    Plot 7
    +
    + +
    +
    + +
    ---
title: "R Notebook"
output: html_notebook
---

    library(gridExtra)
    library(ggplot2)
    library(cowplot)
    library(grid)
    library(gridExtra)
    library(lubridate)
    library(leaflet)
    library(zoo)
    library(pracma)
    library(plotrix)
    library(signal)

# Tide Buoy and Seismometer Data from 2011 Japan Earthquake
## Read in csv data

    apia <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/apia.csv")
    iturup <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/iturup.csv")
    guadalcanal <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/guadalcanal.csv")

The month column in the dataset is in the format '3' instead of '03' so it needs to be converted.

    ### Convert 'MM' column to numeric
    apia$MM <- as.numeric(apia$MM)
    ### Convert month column '3' to '03' format
    apia$MM <- sprintf("%02d", apia$MM)
    ### Drop values where height is 9999
    apia <- apia[apia$HEIGHT != 9999, , drop = FALSE]
    ### Create combined date column as POSIXct format
    apia$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia$X.YY, apia$MM, apia$DD, apia$hh, apia$mm, apia$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Same for itrup
    iturup$MM <- as.numeric(iturup$MM)
    iturup$MM <- sprintf("%02d", iturup$MM)
    iturup <- iturup[iturup$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    iturup$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(iturup$X.YY, iturup$MM, iturup$DD, iturup$hh, iturup$mm, iturup$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### And for guadalcanal
    guadalcanal$MM <- as.numeric(guadalcanal$MM)
    guadalcanal$MM <- sprintf("%02d", guadalcanal$MM)
    guadalcanal <- guadalcanal[guadalcanal$HEIGHT != 9999, ]
    guadalcanal$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(guadalcanal$X.YY, guadalcanal$MM, guadalcanal$DD, guadalcanal$hh, guadalcanal$mm, guadalcanal$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Normalize height against the average
    apia_height_avg <- mean(apia$HEIGHT)
    apia$height_norm <- apia$HEIGHT - apia_height_avg

    iturup_height_avg <- mean(iturup$HEIGHT)
    iturup$height_norm <- iturup$HEIGHT - iturup_height_avg

    guadalcanal_height_avg <- mean(guadalcanal$HEIGHT)
    guadalcanal$height_norm <- guadalcanal$HEIGHT - guadalcanal_height_avg

The data has 3 different sampling frequencies, denoted by values of 1, 2, or 3 in the 'T' column of the data. A value of 1 is a 15 minute sampling frequency, 2 is a 1 minute frequency, and 3 is a 15 second frequency. To look at the distribution of the different sampling rates in the data, Apia is split into 3 sets by the value in the 'T' column, then plotted. 

### Separate data by sampling frequency
    apia1 <- subset(apia, T == 1)
    apia2 <- subset(apia, T == 2)
    apia3 <- subset(apia, T == 3)

### Reset the row names for each DataFrame
    rownames(apia1) <- NULL
    rownames(apia2) <- NULL
    rownames(apia3) <- NULL

### Extract time columns for each DataFrame
    time1 <- apia1$Date
    time2 <- apia2$Date
    time3 <- apia3$Date

    apia1$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia1$X.YY, apia1$MM, apia1$DD, apia1$hh, apia1$mm, apia1$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    apia2$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia2$X.YY, apia2$MM, apia2$DD, apia2$hh, apia2$mm, apia2$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')
    apia3$Date <- as.POSIXct(paste(apia3$X.YY, apia3$MM, apia3$DD, apia3$hh, apia3$mm, apia3$ss, sep = " "), format='%Y %m %d %H %M %S')

### Create three separate plots
    plot1 <- ggplot(apia1, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia1 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    plot2 <- ggplot(apia2, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia2 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    plot3 <- ggplot(apia3, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm)) +
    geom_point(size = 0.7) +
    labs(title = "Apia3 vs Date", x = "Date", y = "Height Norm")+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(min(apia1$Date), max(apia1$Date)))

    # Arrange the plots in a grid layout
    grid.arrange(plot1, plot2, plot3, ncol = 1)
![Plot 1](samplerate_plot.png)

Now plot the raw data for each station, and add scatter points that are colored by the sampling frequency. 

### Scatter plot for apia
    plot1 <- ggplot(data = apia, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " ", y = " ") +
    ggtitle("Apia") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(apia$Date)))


### Scatter plot for guadalcanal
    plot2 <- ggplot(data = guadalcanal, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " ", y = "Normalized Height") +
    ggtitle("Guadalcanal") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(guadalcanal$Date)))


### Scatter plot for iturup
    plot3 <- ggplot(data = iturup, aes(x = Date, y = height_norm, color = T)) +
    geom_line() +
    #geom_point(size = 1) +
    labs(x = " Date ", y = " ") +
    ggtitle("Iturup") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:24")), color = "red")+
    theme_minimal()+
    ylim(-0.6, 0.6)+
    scale_x_datetime(limits = c(as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 3:00:00"), max(iturup$Date)))


### Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot3, plot2, plot1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))

![Plot 2](og_data.png)

In order to compute the Fourier transform and apply a filter to the data to remove the tidal signal, the data needs to be resampled to a consistent frequency of 15 seconds.

# Now resample time series data to 15s sampling frequency
    new_freq = 15 #15 seconds

    ### Create zoo object
    apia_data <- zoo(apia$height_norm, apia$Date)

    ### Check for duplicate timestamps
    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(apia$Date)

    ### Remove duplicates
    apia_unique <- apia[!duplicated_timestamps, ]
    ### Set Date column as the index
    apia_zoo <- zoo(apia_unique$height_norm, order.by = apia_unique$Date)

    ### Resample the time series data
    apia_resamp <- na.approx(merge(apia_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(apia_zoo), end(apia_zoo), by = new_freq))
    ### Convert apia_resamp to numeric 
    apia_resamp <- as.numeric(apia_resamp)

The Fouerier Transform allows me to plot the frequency content of the signal, which is necessary to choose what frequency I need to filter out to remove the tide signal and leave the tsunami signal. 

### Compute Fourier transform
    fft_apia <- fft(apia_resamp)
    fftshift_apia <- fftshift(fft_apia)

    ### Compute amplitude spectrum
    amp_apia <- Mod(fftshift_apia)

    ### Number of data points
    N <- length(amp_apia)

    ### Sampling frequency
    sample_freq <- 4  # 4 samples per minute

    ### Calculate the time step
    dt <- 1 / sample_freq

    ### Compute the frequency values corresponding to the FFT result
    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    ### Plot the frequency amplitude spectrum on a semilogx scale
    plot(freq, amp_apia, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

The filter I am applying to the signal is the Butterworth Filter.


# Now apply butterworth filter
    ### Define the filter parameters
    poles <- 4  # Filter order
    fc <- 0.003 # Corner frequency in Hz to filter out tides
    fs <- 1/15  # Sampling frequency (1 sample every 15 seconds)

    ### Calculate the normalized corner frequency
    fnyquist <- 0.5 * fs
    normalized_corner_freq <- fc / fnyquist

    ### Design the Butterworth highpass filter
    b <- butter(poles, normalized_corner_freq, type = "high")

    ### Filter the data using a two-pass Butterworth highpass filter
    apia_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, apia_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)

### now filter Guadalcanal
    guadalcanal_data <- zoo(guadalcanal$height_norm, guadalcanal$Date)

    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(guadalcanal$Date)

    guadalcanal_unique <- guadalcanal[!duplicated_timestamps, ]

    guadalcanal_zoo <- zoo(guadalcanal_unique$height_norm, order.by = guadalcanal_unique$Date)

    guadalcanal_resamp <- na.approx(merge(guadalcanal_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(guadalcanal_zoo), end(guadalcanal_zoo), by = new_freq))

    guadalcanal_resamp <- as.numeric(guadalcanal_resamp)

    fft_guadalcanal <- fft(guadalcanal_resamp)
    fftshift_guadalcanal <- fftshift(fft_guadalcanal)

    amp_guadalcanal <- Mod(fftshift_guadalcanal)

    N <- length(amp_guadalcanal)

    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    plot(freq, amp_guadalcanal, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

    guadalcanal_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, guadalcanal_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)

### and Iturup
    iturup_data <- zoo(iturup$height_norm, iturup$Date)

    duplicated_timestamps <- duplicated(iturup$Date)

    iturup_unique <- iturup[!duplicated_timestamps, ]

    iturup_zoo <- zoo(iturup_unique$height_norm, order.by = iturup_unique$Date)

    iturup_resamp <- na.approx(merge(iturup_zoo, zoo(, seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))), xout = seq(start(iturup_zoo), end(iturup_zoo), by = new_freq))

    iturup_resamp <- as.numeric(iturup_resamp)

    fft_iturup <- fft(iturup_resamp)
    fftshift_iturup <- fftshift(fft_iturup)

    amp_iturup <- Mod(fftshift_iturup)

    N <- length(amp_iturup)

    freq <- seq(-sample_freq / 2, sample_freq / 2, length.out = N)

    plot(freq, amp_iturup, type = "l", log = 'x', xlab = "Frequency", ylab = "Amplitude")
    grid(lwd = 1)

    iturup_filt <- filter(b, filter(b, iturup_resamp, sides = 1), sides = 1)
![Plot 3](freq_amp.png)

# Now plot the filtered signals

### Set up plotting layout
    par(mfrow = c(3, 1), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1))
    ### Timestamp for earthquake on March 11, 2011 5:46pm UTC
    eq_timestamp <- as.POSIXct("2011-03-11 05:46:00", tz = "UTC")
    ### Plot signals for iturup
    plot(iturup_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Iturup")
    lines(iturup_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

    ### Plot signals for guadalcanal
    plot(guadalcanal_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Guadalcanal")
    lines(guadalcanal_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

    ### Plot signals for apia
    plot(apia_resamp, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Amplitude", main = "Apia")
    lines(apia_filt, col = "red")
    legend("topright", legend = c("Original", "Filtered"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = 1)
    grid(lwd = 1)

![Plot 4](filtered_signals.png)

# Now plot seismic stations and buoys on a map

### Add the seismic data from Erimo (close to eq epicenter)
    japaneq <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/japaneq.csv")

### Data has no time values so we need to generate time values for plotting

    sample_count <- 42000
    sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")

### Generate time values in seconds
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)

### Add generated time values as a column
    japaneq$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)


### Plot acceleration data
    plot4 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "Erimo Seismic Data",
        x = " ", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    plot5 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "North/South ",
        x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    plot6 <- ggplot(japaneq, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "East/West ",
        x = "Time", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-20000000, 20000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    ### Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot4, plot5, plot6, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))


![Plot 5](Erimo_plots.png)

## Add the seismic data from Matsuhiro (SE Japan)
    matsushiro <- read.csv("C:/Users/kelsa/OneDrive/Desktop/Documents/GEOG490/matsushiro.csv")

    sample_count <- 42000
    sampling_rate_hz <- 20
    start_time <- ymd_hms("2011-03-11T05:42:19.029500Z")

### Generate time values in seconds
    time_seconds <- seq(0, (sample_count - 1) / sampling_rate_hz, by = 1 / sampling_rate_hz)

### Add generated time values as a column
    matsushiro$Time <- start_time + seconds(time_seconds)

### Plot acceleration data
    plot7 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = Z, color = "Z")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "Matsuhiro Seismic Data",
        x = " ", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("turquoise")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    plot8 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = N_S, color = "N/S")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "North/South ",
        x = " ", y = "Acceleration (m/s/s*10^7)") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("orange")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))


    plot9 <- ggplot(matsushiro, aes(x = Time, y = E_W, color = "E/W")) +
    geom_line() +
    labs(title = "East/West ",
        x = "Time", y = " ") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) format(x / 1e7, scientific = FALSE), 
                        breaks = scales::extended_breaks(n = 8),
                        limits = c(-40000000, 40000000)) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("green")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, size = 1))

    # Create subplots
    grid.arrange(plot7, plot8, plot9, ncol = 1, nrow = 3, 
                top = textGrob("Subplots", gp = gpar(fontsize = 14)))
![Plot 6](Matsushiro_plots.png)


## Now add buoy, eq, and seismic stations to a map

    ### buoy coordinates
    buoy_points <- data.frame(name = c("Guadalcanal", "Apia", "Iturup"),
    lon = c(164.99,176.26, 152.58),  
    lat = c(5.37, 9.51, 42.62)      
    )

    ### EQ coordinates
    eq_point <- data.frame(name = "EQ",
    lon = 142.8600,  
    lat = 38.1033    
    )

    ### Erimo seismic station coordinates
    erimo_point <- data.frame(name = "Erimo", 
    lat = 42.02,
    lon = 143.16 
    )

    ### Matsushiro seismic station
    matsushiro_point <- data.frame(name = "Matsushiro",
    lat = 36.55,
    lon = 138.20
    )

    ### Create a map centered around Japan
    m <- leaflet() %>%
    setView(lng = 140, lat = 35, zoom = 3) %>%
    addTiles()

    ### Add buoys to map
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = buoy_points, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "red", radius = 5,popup = ~as.character(name))


    ### Add eq to map with different symbology
    m <- addCircleMarkers(m, data = eq_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "green", radius = 8, popup = ~as.character(name))


    ### Add seismic stations to map
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = erimo_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "blue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))
    m <- m %>%
    addCircleMarkers(data = matsushiro_point, lng = ~lon, lat = ~lat, color = "darkblue", radius = 5, popup = ~as.character(name))

    # Display the map
    m

![Plot 7](map.png)

    + + + +
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