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<p><strong>Geog 4/595 -- Geographic Data Analysis</strong><br>
<strong>Winter 2021 -- Quiz 3, Due Monday, February 22</strong></p>
<p>Answer the following questions in a clear, complete, and grammatically-correct sentence or two. Be brief, but informative. <em>Make sure to answer all parts of each question.</em> (Really. This is a major source of lost points.) Unless otherwise indicated, each question is worth one point.</p>
<p>Do not exceed two single-spaced pages (in a 10 or 12-point font, with normal margins) for <em>all</em> (not each) of your answers. Because it is likely that the opportunity to discuss the questions with others will arise, you may do so, but work out and write down the answers yourself.</p>
<p>Don't just Google for answers. (Use the course web page and readings.) Googling for answers violates the first law of quiz- or exam-taking: <em>Don't annoy the reader.</em></p>
<ol>
<li>Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test hypotheses about similarity of group means. So why is it called "analysis of <em>variance</em>" as opposed to, say, "analysis of means"?</li>
<li>Compare the the <em>F</em>-statistic in analysis of variance with the <em>t</em>-statistic: What's in the numerator and what's in the denominator of each, and how are they similar or different? (Be sure to answer the second part of this question.)</li>
<li>Why is heteroscedasticity (unequal group variances or standard deviations) an issue in analysis of variance? Is there a test for that?</li>
<li>In fitting a bivarariate regression line, what gets minimized?</li>
<li>In regression analysis, what is the difference between the confidence and prediction intervals?</li>
<li>List the assumptions that underlie regression analysis. What happens if they are not violated? (2 pts.)</li>
<li>Compare the decomposition of the total sum-of-squares and <em>F</em>-statistic in analysis of variance and regression analysis. In each, how do large values of the <em>F</em>-statistic arise? (2 pts.)</li>
</ol>
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