Trouble Accessing CVA6 via SSH

[mrbilandi]

Hello,

I have synthesized the CVA6 RTL code for Genesys2 as described in the README file, built the Linux image using the CVA6-SDK, and now I have Linux running on the CVA6 on our board. I set a static IP for eth0, and I can ping the board from a remote machine. However, I can't SSH to it. Whenever I try to SSH to the board, it asks for a password. Since there is no password, I just press enter, but the message 'Permission denied, please try again.' appears. I also tried setting a password like 'root', but the same thing happens: after entering the password(root), it responds with 'Permission denied, please try again.'

Is it supposed to be possible to SSH to the board from a remote machine?

[mrbilandi]

Just to mention, whenever Linux boots, I don't see the welcoming message "Welcome to Buildroot," and it eventually logs in without any user input. The Linux boot-up process is as follows:

Hello World!
init SPI
status: 0x0000000000000025
status: 0x0000000000000025
SPI initialized!
initializing SD...
SD command cmd0 response : 01
SD command cmd55 response : 01
SD command cmd41 response : 01
SD command cmd55 response : 01
SD command cmd41 response : 00
sd initialized!
gpt partition table header:
signature: 5452415020494645
revision: 00010000
size: 0000005C
crc_header: 84D98092
reserved: 00000000
current lba: 0000000000000001
backup lda: 0000000001CEA7FF
partition entries lba: 0000000000000002
number partition entries: 00000080
size partition entries: 00000080
gpt partition entry 00
partition type guid: D5F7127456A1134B81DC867174929325
partition guid: 895830B2203A304580EB1BCE0ADF5A73
first lba: 0000000000000800
last lba: 0000000000001AFD
attributes: 0000000000000000
name: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
gpt partition entry 01
partition type guid: AF3DC60F838472478E793D69D8477DE4
partition guid: D3C040C5431AA045A91CC4EB5F1C16A3
first lba: 0000000000100000
last lba: 0000000001CEA7DE
attributes: 0000000000000000
name: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
gpt partition entry 02
partition type guid: 00000000000000000000000000000000
partition guid: 00000000000000000000000000000000
first lba: 0000000000000000
last lba: 0000000000000000
attributes: 0000000000000000
name: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
gpt partition entry 03
partition type guid: 00000000000000000000000000000000
partition guid: 00000000000000000000000000000000
first lba: 0000000000000000
last lba: 0000000000000000
attributes: 0000000000000000
name: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
copying boot image .... done!

OpenSBI v0.9

/ __ \ / | _ _ |
| | | | __ ___ _ __ | ( | |) || |
| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ ___ | _ < | |
| || | |) | __/ | | |) | |) || |
/| ./ || ||/|_/|
| |
||

Platform Name : ARIANE RISC-V
Platform Features : medeleg
Platform HART Count : 1
Platform IPI Device : aclint-mswi
Platform Timer Device : aclint-mtimer @ 1000000Hz
Platform Console Device : uart8250
Platform HSM Device : ---
Platform Reboot Device : ---
Platform Shutdown Device : ---
Firmware Base : 0x80000000
Firmware Size : 220 KB
Runtime SBI Version : 0.3

Domain0 Name : root
Domain0 Boot HART : 0
Domain0 HARTs : 0*
Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000002008000-0x000000000200bfff (I)
Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000002000000-0x0000000002007fff (I)
Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff ()
Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X)
Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000
Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000082200000
Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
Domain0 SysReset : yes

Boot HART ID : 0
Boot HART Domain : root
Boot HART ISA : rv64imafdcbsu
Boot HART Features : scounteren,mcounteren,mcountinhibit
Boot HART PMP Count : 16
Boot HART PMP Granularity : 8
Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
Boot HART MHPM Count : 6
Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109

U-Boot 2021.07-rc4-g920075ecfa (Jul 08 2024 - 14:25:16 +0200)

CPU: rv64imafdc
DRAM: 1 GiB
MMC: xps-spi@20000000:mmc@0: 0
Loading Environment from nowhere... OK
In: uart@10000000
Out: uart@10000000
Err: uart@10000000
Net: No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
Device: xps-spi@20000000:mmc@0
Manufacturer ID: 27
OEM: 5048
Name: SD16G
Bus Speed: 12500000
Mode: MMC legacy
Rd Block Len: 512
SD version 2.0
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 14.5 GiB
Bus Width: 1-bit

MMC read: dev # 0, block # 1048576, count 20480 ... 20480 blocks read: OK

Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 90000000 ...
Image Name: CV64A6Linux
Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
Data Size: 10006808 Bytes = 9.5 MiB
Load Address: 80200000
Entry Point: 80200000
Verifying Checksum ... OK

Flattened Device Tree blob at bffe08d0
Booting using the fdt blob at 0xbffe08d0
Uncompressing Kernel Image
Using Device Tree in place at 00000000bffe08d0, end 00000000bffe551f

Starting kernel ...

[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.10.7 ([email protected]) (riscv64-buildroot-linux-gnu-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2021.08) 10.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.36.1) openhwgroup/cva6#3 SMP Mon Jul 8 14:27:53 CEST 2024
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x00000000bb1e0000-0x00000000bf1e0000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] SBI specification v0.3 detected
[ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x9
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 TIME extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 IPI extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 RFENCE extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 HSM extension detected
[ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acdfim
[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu s25048 r8192 d32296 u65536
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlyprintk
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 945172K/1046528K available (4544K kernel code, 4214K rwdata, 2048K rodata, 184K init, 328K bss, 101356K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@c000000: mapped 30 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x2a2/0x410 with crng_init=0
[ 0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x5c40939b5, max_idle_ns: 440795202646 ns
[ 0.000290] sched_clock: 64 bits at 25MHz, resolution 40ns, wraps every 4398046511100ns
[ 0.259485] printk: console [hvc0] enabled
[ 0.264723] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 50.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000)
[ 0.275366] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.285301] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.293524] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.355701] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.368374] EFI services will not be available.
[ 0.377056] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.381004] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.398147] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.441134] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.451460] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.470507] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.916155] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.923901] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.930102] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.963853] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 1.015821] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 1.038850] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 1.048465] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 1.059207] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 1.071891] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 1.086040] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.093739] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.105640] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 1.136744] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 1.142113] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 1.147880] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 1.151934] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 13.632637] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 13.970240] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 13.976013] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 13.979499] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 13.988421] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[ 16.276119] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 16.280065] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 18.214104] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 18.267900] 10000000.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x10000000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 3125000) is a TI16750
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.10.7 ([email protected]) (riscv64-buildroot-linux-gnu-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2021.08) 10.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.36.1) openhwgroup/cva6#3 SMP Mon Jul 8 14:27:53 CEST 2024
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x00000000bb1e0000-0x00000000bf1e0000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] SBI specification v0.3 detected
[ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x9
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 TIME extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 IPI extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 RFENCE extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 HSM extension detected
[ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acdfim
[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu s25048 r8192 d32296 u65536
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlyprintk
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 945172K/1046528K available (4544K kernel code, 4214K rwdata, 2048K rodata, 184K init, 328K bss, 101356K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@c000000: mapped 30 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x2a2/0x410 with crng_init=0
[ 0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x5c40939b5, max_idle_ns: 440795202646 ns
[ 0.000290] sched_clock: 64 bits at 25MHz, resolution 40ns, wraps every 4398046511100ns
[ 0.259485] printk: console [hvc0] enabled
[ 0.264723] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 50.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000)
[ 0.275366] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.285301] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.293524] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.355701] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.368374] EFI services will not be available.
[ 0.377056] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.381004] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.398147] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.441134] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.451460] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.470507] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.916155] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.923901] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.930102] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.963853] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 1.015821] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 1.038850] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 1.048465] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 1.059207] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 1.071891] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 1.086040] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.093739] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.105640] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 1.136744] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 1.142113] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 1.147880] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 1.151934] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 13.632637] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 13.970240] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 13.976013] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 13.979499] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 13.988421] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[ 16.276119] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 16.280065] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 18.214104] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 18.267900] 10000000.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x10000000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 3125000) is a TI16750
[ 18.807426] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 18.807426] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 18.855178] xilinx_spi 20000000.xps-spi: at [mem 0x20000000-0x20000fff], irq=10
[ 18.855178] xilinx_spi 20000000.xps-spi: at [mem 0x20000000-0x20000fff], irq=10
[ 18.889284] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 18.889284] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 18.920039] lowrisc-digilent-ethernet: Lowrisc ethernet platform (30000000-30007FFF) mapped to ffffffd004028000
[ 18.920039] lowrisc-digilent-ethernet: Lowrisc ethernet platform (30000000-30007FFF) mapped to ffffffd004028000
[ 19.007009] libphy: GPIO Bitbanged LowRISC: probed
[ 19.007009] libphy: GPIO Bitbanged LowRISC: probed
[ 19.014990] Probing lowrisc-0:01 (address 1)
[ 19.014990] Probing lowrisc-0:01 (address 1)
[ 19.048077] RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet lowrisc-0:01: attached PHY driver [RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet] (mii_bus:phy_addr=lowrisc-0:01, irq=POLL)
[ 19.048077] RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet lowrisc-0:01: attached PHY driver [RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet] (mii_bus:phy_addr=lowrisc-0:01, irq=POLL)
[ 19.086690] lowrisc-eth 30000000.lowrisc-eth: Lowrisc Ether100MHz registered
[ 19.086690] lowrisc-eth 30000000.lowrisc-eth: Lowrisc Ether100MHz registered
[ 19.102002] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 19.102002] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 19.165939] mmc_spi spi0.0: SD/MMC host mmc0, no WP, no poweroff, cd polling
[ 19.165939] mmc_spi spi0.0: SD/MMC host mmc0, no WP, no poweroff, cd polling
[ 19.186260] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 19.186260] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 19.195295] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 19.195295] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 19.235453] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 19.235453] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 19.292572] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 19.292572] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 19.301215] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 19.301215] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 19.331683] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 19.331683] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 19.357165] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 19.357165] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 19.405513] Freeing unused kernel memory: 184K
[ 19.405513] Freeing unused kernel memory: 184K
[ 19.434596] Run /init as init process
[ 19.434596] Run /init as init process
[ 19.453833] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
[ 19.453833] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
[ 19.466468] mmc0: new SDHC card on SPI
[ 19.466468] mmc0: new SDHC card on SPI
[ 19.547475] mmcblk0: mmc0:0000 SD16G 14.5 GiB
[ 19.547475] mmcblk0: mmc0:0000 SD16G 14.5 GiB
[ 20.177821] mmcblk0: p1 p2
[ 20.177821] mmcblk0: p1 p2
Starting syslogd: OK
Starting klogd: OK
Running sysctl: OK
Saving random seed: [ 25.629738] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read)
[ 25.629738] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read)
OK
Starting rpcbind: OK
[ 27.084800] Open device, request interrupt 11
[ 27.084800] Open device, request interrupt 11
[ 31.694763] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 31.694763] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 33.415042] random: crng init done
[ 33.415042] random: crng init done
Starting sshd: OK
NFS preparation skipped, OK

ls
README.md init mnt sbin var
bin lib opt sys
cachetest.elf lib64 proc tetris
dev linuxrc root tmp
etc media run usr