diff --git a/src/internals/tactASTUtil.ts b/src/internals/tactASTUtil.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5bfba003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/tactASTUtil.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+import {
+  ASTNode,
+  ASTStatement,
+  ASTExpression,
+} from "@tact-lang/compiler/dist/grammar/ast";
+import JSONbig from "json-bigint";
+
+/**
+ * Recursively iterates over each expression in an ASTNode and applies a callback to each expression.
+ * @param node The node to traverse.
+ * @param callback The callback function to apply to each expression.
+ */
+export function forEachExpression(
+  node: ASTNode,
+  callback: (expr: ASTExpression) => void,
+): void {
+  function traverseExpression(expr: ASTExpression): void {
+    callback(expr);
+
+    switch (expr.kind) {
+      case "op_binary":
+        traverseExpression(expr.left);
+        traverseExpression(expr.right);
+        break;
+      case "op_unary":
+        traverseExpression(expr.right);
+        break;
+      case "op_field":
+        traverseExpression(expr.src);
+        break;
+      case "op_call":
+        traverseExpression(expr.src);
+        expr.args.forEach(traverseExpression);
+        break;
+      case "op_static_call":
+        expr.args.forEach(traverseExpression);
+        break;
+      case "op_new":
+        expr.args.forEach((param) => traverseExpression(param.exp));
+        break;
+      case "init_of":
+        expr.args.forEach(traverseExpression);
+        break;
+      case "conditional":
+        traverseExpression(expr.condition);
+        traverseExpression(expr.thenBranch);
+        traverseExpression(expr.elseBranch);
+        break;
+      case "string":
+      case "number":
+      case "boolean":
+      case "id":
+      case "null":
+      case "lvalue_ref":
+        // Primitives and non-composite expressions don't require further traversal
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported expression: ${JSONbig.stringify(expr)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function traverseStatement(stmt: ASTStatement): void {
+    switch (stmt.kind) {
+      case "statement_let":
+      case "statement_assign":
+      case "statement_augmentedassign":
+      case "statement_expression":
+        traverseExpression(stmt.expression);
+        break;
+      case "statement_return":
+        if (stmt.expression) traverseExpression(stmt.expression);
+        break;
+      case "statement_condition":
+        traverseExpression(stmt.expression);
+        stmt.trueStatements.forEach(traverseStatement);
+        if (stmt.falseStatements)
+          stmt.falseStatements.forEach(traverseStatement);
+        if (stmt.elseif) traverseStatement(stmt.elseif);
+        break;
+      case "statement_while":
+      case "statement_until":
+      case "statement_repeat":
+        traverseExpression(stmt.condition);
+        stmt.statements.forEach(traverseStatement);
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported statement: ${JSONbig.stringify(stmt)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function traverseNode(node: ASTNode): void {
+    if (
+      node.kind === "def_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_init_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_receive"
+    ) {
+      if (node.statements) {
+        node.statements.forEach(traverseStatement);
+      }
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_contract" || node.kind === "def_trait") {
+      node.declarations.forEach(traverseNode);
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_field") {
+      if (node.init) traverseExpression(node.init);
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_constant") {
+      if (node.value) traverseExpression(node.value);
+    } else if (node.kind === "program_import") {
+      traverseExpression(node.path);
+    } else if (
+      node.kind === "statement_let" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_assign" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_augmentedassign" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_return" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_expression" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_condition" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_while" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_until" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_repeat"
+    ) {
+      traverseStatement(node);
+    } else if (node.kind === "program") {
+      node.entries.forEach(traverseNode);
+    } else if (
+      node.kind === "def_native_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_struct" ||
+      node.kind === "primitive"
+    ) {
+      // Do nothing
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported node: ${JSONbig.stringify(node)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  traverseNode(node);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recursively iterates over each expression in an ASTNode and applies a callback to each expression.
+ * @param node The node to traverse.
+ * @param acc The initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param callback The callback function to apply to each expression.
+ * @returns The final value of the accumulator after processing all expressions.
+ */
+export function foldExpressions<T>(
+  node: ASTNode,
+  acc: T,
+  callback: (acc: T, expr: ASTExpression) => T,
+): T {
+  function traverseExpression(acc: T, expr: ASTExpression): T {
+    acc = callback(acc, expr);
+
+    switch (expr.kind) {
+      case "op_binary":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.left);
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.right);
+        break;
+      case "op_unary":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.right);
+        break;
+      case "op_field":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.src);
+        break;
+      case "op_call":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.src);
+        expr.args.forEach((arg) => {
+          acc = traverseExpression(acc, arg);
+        });
+        break;
+      case "op_static_call":
+        expr.args.forEach((arg) => {
+          acc = traverseExpression(acc, arg);
+        });
+        break;
+      case "op_new":
+        expr.args.forEach((param) => {
+          acc = traverseExpression(acc, param.exp);
+        });
+        break;
+      case "init_of":
+        expr.args.forEach((arg) => {
+          acc = traverseExpression(acc, arg);
+        });
+        break;
+      case "conditional":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.condition);
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.thenBranch);
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, expr.elseBranch);
+        break;
+      case "string":
+      case "number":
+      case "boolean":
+      case "id":
+      case "null":
+      case "lvalue_ref":
+        // Primitives and non-composite expressions don't require further traversal
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported expression: ${JSONbig.stringify(expr)}`);
+    }
+    return acc;
+  }
+
+  function traverseStatement(acc: T, stmt: ASTStatement): T {
+    switch (stmt.kind) {
+      case "statement_let":
+      case "statement_assign":
+      case "statement_augmentedassign":
+      case "statement_expression":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, stmt.expression);
+        break;
+      case "statement_return":
+        if (stmt.expression) acc = traverseExpression(acc, stmt.expression);
+        break;
+      case "statement_condition":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, stmt.expression);
+        stmt.trueStatements.forEach((st) => {
+          acc = traverseStatement(acc, st);
+        });
+        if (stmt.falseStatements)
+          stmt.falseStatements.forEach((st) => {
+            acc = traverseStatement(acc, st);
+          });
+        if (stmt.elseif) acc = traverseStatement(acc, stmt.elseif);
+        break;
+      case "statement_while":
+      case "statement_until":
+      case "statement_repeat":
+        acc = traverseExpression(acc, stmt.condition);
+        stmt.statements.forEach((st) => {
+          acc = traverseStatement(acc, st);
+        });
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported statement: ${JSONbig.stringify(stmt)}`);
+    }
+    return acc;
+  }
+
+  function traverseNode(acc: T, node: ASTNode): T {
+    if (
+      node.kind === "def_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_init_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_receive"
+    ) {
+      if (node.statements) {
+        node.statements.forEach((stmt) => {
+          acc = traverseStatement(acc, stmt);
+        });
+      }
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_contract" || node.kind === "def_trait") {
+      node.declarations.forEach((decl) => {
+        acc = traverseNode(acc, decl);
+      });
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_field") {
+      if (node.init) acc = traverseExpression(acc, node.init);
+    } else if (node.kind === "def_constant") {
+      if (node.value) acc = traverseExpression(acc, node.value);
+    } else if (node.kind === "program_import") {
+      acc = traverseExpression(acc, node.path);
+    } else if (
+      node.kind === "statement_let" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_assign" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_augmentedassign" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_return" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_expression" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_condition" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_while" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_until" ||
+      node.kind === "statement_repeat"
+    ) {
+      acc = traverseStatement(acc, node);
+    } else if (node.kind === "program") {
+      node.entries.forEach((entry) => {
+        acc = traverseNode(acc, entry);
+      });
+    } else if (
+      node.kind === "def_native_function" ||
+      node.kind === "def_struct" ||
+      node.kind === "primitive"
+    ) {
+      // Do nothing
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported node: ${JSONbig.stringify(node)}`);
+    }
+    return acc;
+  }
+
+  return traverseNode(acc, node);
+}